The Mozart Effect refers to the phenomenon where listening to Mozart’s music, especially his "Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major," is believed to temporarily enhance cognitive performance, with a particular emphasis on spatial reasoning tasks.

This concept originated from a 1993 study by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky, which found that college students who listened to Mozart performed better on spatial reasoning tests than those who listened to relaxation instructions or silence, sparking widespread interest in the potential cognitive benefits of classical music .

**Recent research** presents a nuanced and data-driven perspective on the Mozart Effect, revealing both supportive and contradictory findings.

A study led by Marco Calabria at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya investigated the impact of classical music on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

The results indicated that background classical music did not universally improve learning or memory tasks for these individuals.

However, those who habitually used music as an emotional regulator experienced memory benefits when exposed to "high-arousal" music, suggesting that individual differences and the emotional context of music listening play significant roles in cognitive enhancement .

This finding underscores that the effectiveness of music on cognitive tasks is not uniform and may depend on the listener’s relationship with music and the type of music played.

Broader research on **music and concentration** supports the idea that classical music, including Mozart’s works, can improve productivity and learning outcomes.

For example, students who listened to music while studying scored significantly higher on assessments compared to those who studied in silence, indicating that music can foster a more conducive learning environment by enhancing motivation and focus .

This effect is attributed to music’s ability to stimulate the nervous system, reduce anxiety, and help the mind find patterns necessary for processing and absorbing information over extended periods .

**Neuroscientific studies** have demonstrated that music training can lead to structural changes in the brain, particularly in areas associated with spatial reasoning and memory.

Children who begin musical training at a young age develop larger brain regions related to these cognitive functions, resulting in improved performance on spatial reasoning tasks .

Furthermore, pleasurable music activates the brain’s reward center, motivating learning by creating a reward prediction model in the brain.

Participants exposed to music during learning tasks showed improved cognitive performance, highlighting music’s role as a powerful educational tool .

The **emotional context** in which music is experienced also significantly influences its cognitive effects.

A study involving psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, found that it could enhance emotional responses to music, including Mozart’s pieces, implying that heightened emotional engagement can amplify the cognitive benefits of listening to classical music .

This aligns with findings that familiar and emotionally resonant music tends to improve engagement and information retention better than unfamiliar or complex compositions .

**Music’s impact on memory retention** in educational contexts is supported by evidence that music can serve as a mnemonic device.

Students have reported that associating study material with parts of songs aids memory recall, demonstrating music’s potential as a tool for enhancing memory in learning environments .

Additionally, active musical engagement, such as playing an instrument, is linked to improved memory and executive function, requiring sustained attention and coordination that benefit various cognitive skills .

**Therapeutic and social benefits** of music are also well-documented.

Music education fosters social skills, teamwork, and emotional well-being.

Children involved in music learn cooperation and experience reduced anxiety, which benefits mental health and learning environments .

Engagement with music, whether through listening or active participation, promotes a sense of community and collaboration among students, enhancing social and emotional intelligence vital for academic and personal development .

Music education also increases student engagement and motivation, creating a stimulating learning environment that encourages active participation and supports cognitive development .

**Individual differences** are critical in determining the cognitive impact of music.

While some students benefit from classical music like Mozart’s for concentration, others may prefer different genres.

Educators are encouraged to allow students to explore various musical styles to find what best supports their learning .

The effectiveness of music as a cognitive enhancer is influenced by personal preferences and the listener’s habitual use of music for emotional regulation .

**Case studies and educational applications** suggest that incorporating classical music into school environments can create a calming atmosphere and potentially enhance students’ focus and cognitive performance during tasks requiring spatial reasoning or problem-solving .

For example, schools with robust music education programs, such as Baltimore County Public Schools, report significant improvements in student performance across various subjects, underscoring the practical benefits of integrating music into the curriculum .

Participation in music programs is also linked to higher rates of high school graduation and pursuit of higher education, indicating that music education contributes not only to immediate cognitive improvements but also to long-term academic achievements .

**Mechanisms behind the Mozart Effect** involve several interrelated processes.

Listening to complex compositions like Mozart’s may stimulate various brain areas, enhancing neural connections and increasing arousal and mood, which are conducive to better performance on cognitive tasks .

The rhythmic and melodic elements of Mozart’s music may create an optimal auditory environment that facilitates concentration and attention, critical for cognitive tasks.

Music can also reduce stress and anxiety levels, which are associated with improved memory and learning capabilities .

Some studies suggest that music activates the temporal lobes, involved in processing auditory information and linked to memory and learning.

Notably, a study from the University of Tokyo demonstrated that rats could synchronize their head movements to the beat of Mozart’s "Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major," suggesting that the rhythmic qualities of Mozart’s music may engage fundamental cognitive processes shared across species .

**Recent data-driven analyses** indicate that the Mozart Effect is not universally robust or consistent.

While some studies have replicated the original findings, others have found only temporary or context-dependent cognitive enhancements.

The impact of music on cognitive performance is complex and influenced by individual differences, emotional connections, and the specific characteristics of the music being played .

The most substantial and lasting improvements in cognitive abilities, especially spatial reasoning, appear linked to structured music training and the emotional and cognitive environment that music fosters, rather than passive listening alone .

**Teacher perceptions** of using music in the classroom are overwhelmingly positive, with educators reporting that music enhances student engagement, reduces stress, and fosters a sense of community and belonging .

Innovative teaching methods, such as singing mathematical concepts to familiar tunes, have proven effective in making lessons more enjoyable and memorable .

Music is also seen as essential for healthy child development, contributing to social and emotional well-being .

**In summary**, the Mozart Effect suggests that listening to Mozart’s music can temporarily improve cognitive performance, particularly in spatial reasoning tasks.

However, recent research highlights that the effect is context-dependent and influenced by individual differences, emotional engagement, and the type of music.

While passive listening to Mozart may offer some temporary benefits, the most significant cognitive enhancements are associated with active musical engagement and a supportive emotional environment.

Incorporating classical music, especially Mozart’s works, into educational settings—whether during breaks or as part of a broader music curriculum—can be a valuable, non-conventional strategy to enhance students’ cognitive development, academic performance, and overall well-being .

The Mozart Effect refers to the phenomenon where listening to Mozart’s music, especially his "Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major," is believed to temporarily enhance cognitive performance, with a particular emphasis on spatial reasoning tasks.

This concept originated from a 1993 study by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky, which found that college students who listened to Mozart performed better on spatial reasoning tests than those who listened to relaxation instructions or silence, sparking widespread interest in the potential cognitive benefits of classical music .

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Content: How the difference between sound and noise can influence our ability to learn

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Of the five senses, the ability to sense sound is “undervalued and underappreciated,” and yet inextricably tied to our understanding of the world, says neuroscientist Nina Kraus.

“We live in a visually-oriented world,” says Kraus. Visual objects have “ingredients” such as size, texture and color. “So does sound. Sound is invisible but consists of so much information: pitch, timing, rhythm, timbre and phrase."

Kraus’s new book, "Of Sound Mind: How Our Brain Constructs a Meaningful Sonic World,” is her love letter to sound. Drawing on decades of research from her Brainvolts auditory neuroscience laboratory, she offers compelling insights for parents and teachers as they think about children’s sonic environment – and how everything from background noise to music lessons can influence brain development.

"Sound is easily overlooked, and yet it has a huge impact on who we are and how we engage with the world. Sound is a tremendously powerful force in our lives.”

Noise vs. sound

Put simply, noise is unwanted sound. While loud noises can damage our ears, Kraus is also concerned about so-called “safe noise” and its effects on children. “We live in a pretty noisy world,” says Kraus, and these constant, moderate amounts of noise “don't hurt our ears, but they hurt our brain.”

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Think about that moment when the dishwasher finishes its cycle or the neighbor shuts off the lawnmower. “You hadn't even noticed that those sounds were there. But when they are turned off, we breathe the sigh of relief because, from an evolutionary standpoint, sound is our alerting sense.” There’s a reason we are attuned to sounds at night, says Kraus. Our ancestors needed to be able to detect threats in the darkness. Noises, whether we are consciously aware of them, tax our brains because they keep us in a state of alert.

Shaping a Healthier Sonic World for Kids

There are things we can do to control and shape our sonic environment, says Kraus. First, we need to pay more attention to the noises that fill our homes and classrooms and think about which are and are not necessary. For example, do we need a ping every time we get a notification on our phone or computer? Does that iPad app your child is playing need the sound on to function, or are the beeps simply noise? We are, she says, too “cavalier about the sounds that we salt and pepper our lives with.”

Noise is almost always human-made, so spending time in nature offers children and adults a rejuvenating auditory experience. “You can go into a forest, and it's teeming with sound. There are brooks running, birds tweeting and animals moving around in the thicket.” These sounds help us connect to our environment and experience multi-sensory beauty. Silence, also, is part of a healthy sonic diet. “Quiet is part of sound. It's the space between the notes,” says Kraus, and removing noisy distractions and stimuli allows our brains to relax and wander to new places.

The effect of noise on children’s learning is a factor that must be considered in the efforts to increase educational equity. For example, studies have found that children whose classrooms were nearest the subway tracks – leading to higher decibel levels and more interruptions – underperformed on testing when compared to peers in classrooms on the opposite side of the school.

“We've done a number of studies of children in low-income areas,” says Kraus, “and we've found that there is a biological signature of poverty.” In these high-noise environments, sound processing in the brain can become diminished, and there can also be increased neural noise – or “background static in the brain.”

While teachers can’t control the external noise environment, they can do more to create auditory choices in the classroom. Anita Collins, a music educator and author of “The Music Advantage,” says that teachers often create classrooms that work best for them. “If teachers find a busy auditory environment stimulating, they create that in their classroom. But not all children will learn well in that environment.” During work-time, she recommends creating both collaborative learning spaces and quiet learning spaces, including access to noise-canceling headphones. And for whole-class experiences, balance moments of high auditory stimulus with moments of quiet. “Building in those tiny little changes in our teaching can be powerful. It lets kids say ‘I can control my environment and make choices that make me as productive as possible,’ and that’s a wonderful skill to take into adulthood,” says Collins.

The ameliorating effects of music and language learning

Music and learning an additional language both have a powerful effect on cognition. Kraus notes that for low-income children who are bilingual, the “neural signature of poverty is lessened.” For all children, “learning another language as early as possible has a tremendous benefit in strengthening the sound mind, reading skills and the kinds of processing skills that children need to learn.”

In addition, music education – from beat-keeping to note-reading – offers clear cognitive benefits to children. “In my view,” says Kraus, “music should be a part of every child's education. It should be a priority as important as learning to read and write. And in fact, playing music will help the reading, writing and arithmetic, in addition to the other ways that it strengthens brain development.”

Adults have a responsibility to create nourishing sound experiences for children, says Kraus. “If we are aware of our sonic environment, and the environment that we create in our homes, in our schools and in our communities, we can work towards doing our part of getting rid of unnecessary sounds and stimulating children to listen to birds, to listen to each other, to honor the wonderful and rich information that is contained in sound.”

**Recent research** presents a nuanced and data-driven perspective on the Mozart Effect, revealing both supportive and contradictory findings.

**Recent research** presents a nuanced and data-driven perspective on the Mozart Effect, revealing both supportive and contradictory findings.

**Recent research** presents a nuanced and data-driven perspective on the Mozart Effect, revealing both supportive and contradictory findings.

A study led by Marco Calabria at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya investigated the impact of classical music on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

A study led by Marco Calabria at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya investigated the impact of classical music on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

A study led by Marco Calabria at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya investigated the impact of classical music on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

The results indicated that background classical music did not universally improve learning or memory tasks for these individuals.

The results indicated that background classical music did not universally improve learning or memory tasks for these individuals.

The results indicated that background classical music did not universally improve learning or memory tasks for these individuals.

However, those who habitually used music as an emotional regulator experienced memory benefits when exposed to "high-arousal" music, suggesting that individual differences and the emotional context of music listening play significant roles in cognitive enhancement .

Title:

Content: Music on the Brain

Exploring The Effects of Music on the Brain

Music is unavoidable. From the ringing of the alarm clock to the sound of a horn. With music being such a big part of our lives, it’s useful to gain an understanding of its effects on the brain in order to take advantage of its benefits. The most important benefit of all: keeping the brain healthy.

When it comes to cognitive development, music is an important tool, specifically when learning how to play musical instruments and reading music. “Singing or playing a musical instrument requires sustained, focused attention, with many musicians also learning how to read music, a complex activity, like learning a language,” shared Dr. Christina Chin-Newman, a professor of Human Development and Women’s Studies at the California State University, East Bay.

There are other lifelong tools that are acquired through studying music as well, such as hand-eye coordination, motor skills, and communication skills. “Good verbal and nonverbal communication is needed in order to successfully perform with other musicians,” said Chin-Newman.

A creative spark ignites in the brain when music is involved. “All musicians learn how to interpret music with dynamics in order to convey emotional meaning, and some also exercise their creative thinking by improvising or composing music,” included Chin-Newman.

Since music is expressive, it can be used as an outlet for difficult emotions. Research shows that music can help reduce stress, anxiety, and other symptoms related to mental health. “When I went through a break-up I created a playlist that helped me express how I felt in order to start the healing process. Knowing that I wasn’t the only one who had gone through these emotions and situations helped me feel better,” said Melisa Duarte, a student at CSUEB.

There are many social and bonding opportunities that music can bring. “I met my best friend at a Harry Styles concert, where we connected when we were singing one of his songs together in the bathroom before the show started,” shared Hailey Anderson, another CSUEB student.

The benefits of music extend to treating neurodegenerative diseases as well, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. “Usually in the late stages, Alzheimer’s patients are unresponsive, but once you put in the headphones that play [their favorite] music, their eyes light up. They start moving and sometimes singing. The effect lasts maybe 10 minutes or so even after you turn off the music,” said Dr. Kiminobu Sugaya, professor of Neuroscience at the University of Central Florida.

To learn more about the effects of music on the brain click here.

This finding underscores that the effectiveness of music on cognitive tasks is not uniform and may depend on the listener’s relationship with music and the type of music played.

This finding underscores that the effectiveness of music on cognitive tasks is not uniform and may depend on the listener’s relationship with music and the type of music played.

This finding underscores that the effectiveness of music on cognitive tasks is not uniform and may depend on the listener’s relationship with music and the type of music played.

Broader research on **music and concentration** supports the idea that classical music, including Mozart’s works, can improve productivity and learning outcomes.

Broader research on **music and concentration** supports the idea that classical music, including Mozart’s works, can improve productivity and learning outcomes.

Broader research on **music and concentration** supports the idea that classical music, including Mozart’s works, can improve productivity and learning outcomes.

For example, students who listened to music while studying scored significantly higher on assessments compared to those who studied in silence, indicating that music can foster a more conducive learning environment by enhancing motivation and focus .

Title:

Content: 4/25/23 · Research

The beneficial effects of music on memory may depend on how it is listened to

The initial results of the study of the 'Mozart effect' on neurodegeneration show that listening to classical music in the background has no benefits for learning
The research has been carried out with people experiencing mild cognitive impairment, and it did find individual differences when listening to 'high-arousal' music

Listening to 'high-arousal' music could have a positive effect on memory for people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator (Image: Clem Onojeghuo, Unsplash)

Given the lack of effective treatments to counteract cognitive impairment, background music has traditionally been proposed as a possible therapeutic alternative for improving memory-related tasks. Its effect has long been the focus of debate, but this relationship has now been found to be possibly determined by new interindividual parameters, which means that it may be more complex than was previously thought. This is shown by research led by Marco Calabria, a researcher in the Cognitive Neurolab group of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), who is now considering new experiments.

The initial results of the Mozart effect and memory in patients with cognitive impairment (MEM-COG) study, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, suggest that listening to background classical music while performing memory tasks neither improves nor impairs learning levels among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, listening to more 'high-arousal' music was found to have a possible positive effect on people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator in their everyday lives, which suggests there is potential for further hypotheses and research.

The study, which has been published as open access in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, was carried out with patients at the neuropsychology unit of Barcelona's Hospital de Sant Pau, and involved researchers at the hospital, Montreal's Concordia University and Madrid's Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute.

There is no universal effect

"We found no general impact concerning the effect of music in terms of whether it had positive or negative effects on learning in cases of MCI, but we did find that it would be modulated for each individual. If people regularly use music as an emotional regulator in their daily life, such as to help them remain calm or for company, they will find it easier to obtain further benefits from music when they have to learn something new," explained Calabria, who has a PhD in Psychobiology.

The subjects of the study were people with mild amnestic cognitive impairment, i.e. they have memory problems as a result of an onset of neurodegeneration that is more specific in the parts of the brain dealing with aspects of learning and memory. The experiments consisted of observing 24 photographs of human faces. Participants were instructed to memorize them, and 10 minutes later, they were asked to look at a new series containing the previous 24 images and 24 new ones, in order to attempt to identify the ones that they had already seen.

A classical choice

The first test was performed with the subjects listening to classical music in the information consolidation phase but not in the recovery phase, while in the second exercise it was repeated with the auditory stimulus during both phases. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of results.

Classical music was used in these exercises because "it's a type of music that falls between relaxing and arousing, and has proven to be the most effective for enhancing memory". Furthermore, the fact that it is instrumental reduces the interference (that can come from lyrics) with the content that the participants have to learn in the memory task.

A ray of light

However, Calabria's team wanted to carry out a third experiment using popular music which was considered arousing rather than relaxing, and after a preliminary study, they used an instrumental version of Un rayo de sol (A ray of light), by the group Los Diablos. In that experiment, according to Calabria, the results suggested that "the use of music as a strategy for mood regulation is associated with better performance in memory tasks."

Ongoing research

This finding opens up the possibility of further research to continue exploring the role of interindividual preferences and attitudes towards music among patients with MCI. The group plans to continue the project until late 2024.

During this time, it will investigate whether background music could be more useful in other cognitive domains, such as in attention and concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease. The experiments will also involve the use of a new infrared spectroscopy device in the Neuro Lab, one of the recently opened new laboratories at the UOC, which will show the activation at the cerebral level while cognitive processes are taking place. This will help to determine whether or not there are any alterations in the brain's modulation, in which areas this takes place, and whether it depends on the type of person studied, regardless of the level of response to music.

In overall terms, this will help to find a type of marker which determines the people most likely to benefit from music in cognitive tasks. "The more we know about how background music shapes cognitive processes, the better the use we can make of music as a therapeutic tool in cognitive stimulation," concluded Calabria, an expert in the study of cognitive processes and a member of teaching staff on the UOC's Master's Degree in Neuropsychology.

This research project receives funding from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain, and contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 3, Good health and well-being.

Reference article:

Calabria, Marco et al. 'Background Music and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Interindividual Differences'. 1 Jan. 2023: 815 – 829. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-221051

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The UOC's research and innovation (R&I) is helping overcome pressing challenges faced by global societies in the 21st century by studying interactions between technology and human & social sciences with a specific focus on the network society, e-learning and e-health.

Over 500 researchers and more than 50 research groups work in the UOC's seven faculties, its eLearning Research programme and its two research centres: the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and the eHealth Center (eHC).

The university also develops online learning innovations at its eLearning Innovation Center (eLinC), as well as UOC community entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer via the Hubbik platform.

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This effect is attributed to music’s ability to stimulate the nervous system, reduce anxiety, and help the mind find patterns necessary for processing and absorbing information over extended periods .

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The Sound of Success: Ideas in Music for Concentration and Productivity

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Does music help you concentrate? Since we spend a lot of time in front of computers trying to finish our work, wouldn’t it be nice to listen to some of music to help concentrate? Well, music lovers, it seems like Mozart and Beethoven could actually help you with your productivity. Beethoven once said: «Music is where the spirit lives, thinks and invents.»

This relationship between music and the brain is an area that has been intensively explored in research. Many studies point to the ability of music to help employees be more productive and help children in their learning process more effectively. University research in France found that students who listened to music for an hour while reading, scored significantly higher on a questionnaire compared to a group of students who read without music.

Your attention span is better when listening to music

It seems that music for concentration puts students in a heightened emotional state, so that they can be more receptive to information. «It is possible that music causes a change in the learning environment and influenced students’ motivation to stay focused while reading, which led to better performance on a multiple-choice questionnaire,» concluded the french research team in a recent article.

But before you start playing any type, you have to find the music that works better for the type of work you are trying to carry do. For example, the classic from the Baroque period is said to do wonders for brain activity when you are studying or writing. But not all classical music is created equal, so dramatic changes and complicated fugue changes may not be as conducive as a smooth piano piece. So if you have to choose a composer, we would say Mozart. There seems to be evidence that Mozart’s improves mental performance: it is called «The Mozart Effect”.

Build a harmonious space

If you don’t like classical, the discreet sound found in ambient music may work well for you instead. What is the purpose of this if you are not at the airport, you ask? Well, for creative purposes, it’s better than emptiness and silence. According to one of its pioneers, musician Brian Eno: “Background music must be able to accommodate many levels of attention when listening, without forcing one in particular. It must be as ignorable as it is interesting ”.

In fact, researchers have shown that a moderate level of noise, such as that found in the environment, can actually get creative juices flowing. Music with especially low-lows or especially high-highs should be avoided. Certain types of jazz instrumental melodies can also get your brain working.

Music without lyrics

In general, if you are doing work that requires writing, you should avoid listening to music with lyrics as the words in a song are especially destructive to your concentration. Since hearing words activates the brain’s language center, attempting to perform tasks related to another language would be like trying to have a conversation while someone else is speaking to you. But, if you are a cartoonist, and you don’t deal with sentence construction, hearing letters may not have the same effect.

Finally, studies show that listening to music you’re already familiar with may be better if you really need to focus. New songs take you into the unknown and your brain will want to listen closely to see what comes next. With the music you are familiar with you know what to expect, so it doesn’t distract you from your work. And if you like the tune you’re listening to try not to whistle it while you work, as that will only distract you.

The post The Sound of Success: Ideas in Music for Concentration and Productivity appeared first on Mundo Hispanico

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**Neuroscientific studies** have demonstrated that music training can lead to structural changes in the brain, particularly in areas associated with spatial reasoning and memory.

**Neuroscientific studies** have demonstrated that music training can lead to structural changes in the brain, particularly in areas associated with spatial reasoning and memory.

**Neuroscientific studies** have demonstrated that music training can lead to structural changes in the brain, particularly in areas associated with spatial reasoning and memory.

Children who begin musical training at a young age develop larger brain regions related to these cognitive functions, resulting in improved performance on spatial reasoning tasks .

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Psyched: Seattle Decriminalizes Psychedelics, Psilocybin Increases Emotions From Music, Novamind's Palliative Care Program

October 11, 2021 2:21 pm
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The Week In Psychedelics

  1. Seattle Decriminalizes Psychedelics Along With California City
  2. Novamind Launches Program For End-Of-Life And Palliative Care Patients
  3. MindMed Teams Up With Sphere Health
  4. Former Tilray CEO Joins Psychedelics Company
  5. House Representative Promises A Psychedelics Bill Before 2022
  6. Study: Psilocybin Increases Emotional Response To Music
  7. The Milestone Round

Seattle Decriminalizes Psychedelics Along With California City

Last Monday, Seattle became the largest U.S. city to decriminalize psychedelic substances, with the passage of Resolution 32021. The measure, approved unanimously, concluded that “the investigation, arrest, and prosecution of anyone engaging in entheogen-related activities should be among Seattle’s lowest law enforcement priorities.”

This measure follows current enforcement rules of the Seattle Police Department that disallow the detention or arrest of individuals or confiscation of drugs simply on suspicion of possessing psychedelics. The new rules aim to protect “individuals who cultivate entheogens for use in religious, spiritual, healing, or personal growth practices.”

Councilmember Andrew J. Lewis, who introduced the measure, thanked his colleagues who voted for the measure.

“It is a long-overdue conversation to decriminalize these non-addictive natural substances,” Lewis said. “Our law enforcement officials certainly have more important things to do than arrest people for possession of entheogens, and this resolution affirms that.”

Days after Seattle, the city of Arcata in California passed a similar measure.

The City Council of Arcata unanimously voted on a resolution “To Decriminalize Entheogens in Arcata.”

“The investigation and arrest of individuals twenty-one years of age and older involved with the adult personal use, cultivation and possession of entheogenic plants and fungi listed on the Federal Schedule 1 list, not be a priority for the City of Arcata,” agreed the council.

Novamind Launches Program For End-Of-Life And Palliative Care Patients

Novamind (Canadian:NM) (OTCQB:NVMDF) announced a new program for palliative care patients experiencing chronic and serious illnesses.

The program will take place at Novamind’s recently-opened clinic and research site in Murray, Utah where it will welcome family members of the patients.

Initially, the program will combine ketamine treatment with psychotherapy, workshops, multi-day immersive retreats and group support.

Novamind plans to introduce psilocybin as a treatment option in the near future.

Dr. Paul Thielking, chief scientific officer (CSO) of Novamind told Benzinga in an email that the facility is in the process of becoming a research site for psilocybin clinical trials, which would allow it to eventually offer psilocybin to patients in a legal manner.

“Eligible patients at Novamind will have the opportunity to be enrolled in clinical trials for psilocybin which we anticipate opening in 2022,” Thielking said.

MindMed Teams Up With Sphere Health

Mind Medicine Inc. (NASDAQ:MNMD) disclosed on Tuesday it has partnered with Sphere Health to collect and analyze data to better understand a variety of biomarkers associated with mental illness.

Under the strategic research collaboration, the companies are launching a project to develop more accurate machine learning tools to identify biomarkers that show association with symptoms of anxiety and affective disorders.

Sphere Health is a physician-founded employee benefits provider targeting treatments for people with severe mental illness.

“The use of technology has the potential to offer a level of sensitivity and precision which does not currently exist in our models of these disorders and, we hope, will ultimately lead to better outcomes in our ability to help the folks who suffer from them,” said Daniel R. Karlin, chief medical officer of MindMed.

Former Tilray CEO Joins Psychedelics Company

More big names in cannabis are switching to psychedelics.

Greg Engel, former CEO of Tilray (NASDAQ:TLRY) and Organigram Holdings (NASDAQ:OGI) has become the latest cannabis veteran to join the psychedelics industry, taking on the role of director at Clairvoyant Therapeutics.

Clairvoyant is a Canadian biotech company focused on the clinical validation of psilocybin in the Canadian, U.K. and European Union markets.

The company is currently on the road to receiving approval to begin a phase 2 trial on psilocybin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

Previously, Engel also served as the Canadian general manager for Forest Laboratories, now part of AbbVie (NYSE:ABBV) and Encysive, now part of Pfizer (NYSE:PFE).

House Representative Promises A Psychedelics Bill Before 2022

Long-time cannabis reform supporter Rep. Earl Blumenauer said at a symposium on psychedelics policy hosted by Harvard Law School on Wednesday that he intends to help bring the psychedelics reform movement to Capitol Hill this year, reported Marijuana Moment.

“I promise you I will do my part—not only assisting in the evolution of the Oregon [psilocybin] program, but I plan on bringing this movement to Capitol Hill this year in the same way we developed the foundation for the support of our cannabis work,” Blumenauer said at Harvard’s Project on Psychedelics Law and Regulation.

“I want to introduce the results of our work in Oregon and around the country, and I would like your center to be able to help raise awareness on Capitol Hill at this critical time in drug reform to help the federal government catch up to where the rest of America is.”

Study: Psilocybin Increases Emotional Response To Music

A study led by Dea Siggaard Stenbæk at the University of Copenhagen found that psilocybin can affect the way humans emotionally respond to music, Science Focus reported.

In the study, 20 healthy volunteers listened to a short program of music from Elgar’s Enigma Variations and Mozart’s Laudate Dominum, before and after dose of psilocybin.

After each play, the test subjects rated their emotional responses based on the Geneva Emotional Music Scale, a questionnaire made to analyze emotions evoked by music by rating responses into categories such as wonder, transcendence and peacefulness.

The scientists found that psilocybin increased the participants’ reported emotional response to the music by an average of 60%

“This shows that the combination of psilocybin and music has a strong emotional effect, and we believe that this will be important for the therapeutic application of psychedelics if they are approved for clinical use,” said Stenbæk.

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PharmaTher Holdings Ltd. (OTCQB:PHRRF) (CSE:PHRM), has initiated its Phase 2 clinical trial of Ketamine for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in subjects with Parkinson’s Disease. Patient screening and enrollment are expected to begin in October 2021 with data anticipated by the end of 2021.

Numinus Wellness Inc. (TSXV:NUMI) announced the expansion of its psychedelics research facility with an additional lab housed in an existing Numinus-leased building adjacent to the current lab. The Company submitted an application to Health Canada for a second Dealer's License, for an additional 7,500 square feet, slated for completion in summer 2022.

Lobe Sciences (CSE:LOBE) (OTC:GTSIF) announced plans to develop and launch a global registry for the identification and long-term management of current and former boxers with traumatic brain injury and PTSD in partnership with the World Boxing Association.

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Furthermore, pleasurable music activates the brain’s reward center, motivating learning by creating a reward prediction model in the brain.

Furthermore, pleasurable music activates the brain’s reward center, motivating learning by creating a reward prediction model in the brain.

Furthermore, pleasurable music activates the brain’s reward center, motivating learning by creating a reward prediction model in the brain.

Participants exposed to music during learning tasks showed improved cognitive performance, highlighting music’s role as a powerful educational tool .

Title:

Content: Stop Stressing and Start Listening: The Science Behind Listening to Music While Studying.

By: Morgan McCullough

With final exams approaching, Fondren Library buzzes with flipping pages, packed study rooms, and Starbucks lines stretched across the entire floor. Students isolate themselves with their laptops and AirPods, struggling to retrieve the study habits they lost during the pandemic. Their legs tap to the beat as they review the same page for the third time.

People struggle to remember basic math equations, yet have an entire repertoire of songs in the back of their head that can be triggered by just a tune. Music helps the mind find patterns necessary to process and absorb information over long periods of time, which is necessary when cramming for an exam. The sense of sound stimulates the nervous system and soothes one’s anxiety, allowing them to relax and refocus, says psychotherapist Amy Burnside.

“Any activity that activates the parasympathetic nervous system will help calm our amygdala, which is the fire alarm part of our brain,” Burnside said. “This helps us get back into our pre-frontal cortex, the part of the brain used in problem solving and analytical thoughts.”

Music exercises the mind and improves cognitive performance. It activates the left side of the brain, which is logical, analytical, and methodical, as well as the right side, which is emotional, creative, and subjective. Burnside says that an individual’s productivity, focus, and mood are enhanced through song.

SMU Junior Max Shuster says he never walks into a test without headphones. He claims listening to his favorite album sets the tempo for his entire day.

“The first song I listen to in the morning changes my mood for the rest of the day,” Shuster said. “It keeps me in the right mindset. It gets me focused, ready, and excited to take the exam.”

Many SMU students, such as Shuster, add soundtracks to their study sessions as a form of escapism. The notes playing in their ears harmonize with the notes on their pages to alleviate stress, aid concentration, and add background noise. Listening to an uplifting hymn is a transcendental experience with the power to shape mental states.

Just like a massage relaxes the muscles, a soothing song can relax the mind, reduce stress, and elevate one’s mood. SMU Senior and tennis player Kathryn Smith uses music for sports and studies. Before a match, she listens to warm-up playlists to energize her body and sharpen her skills. Smith also relies on melodies to cope with pre-test jitters.

“I usually have a lot of anxiety, especially when it comes to test anxiety,” Smith said. “Music helps relieve some of the stress of studying.”

What some find calming, others find distracting. While classical pieces are inspirational for Smith, Shuster prefers the intense beats of EDM when studying. Not everyone wants to jam to Mozart when reviewing their chemistry notes, so test out different genres to find what best suits your personal needs. No matter the artist, song, or album, music can be the ideal study buddy.

Before your next trip to the library, check out the Mustang Mixtape, a collaborative playlist filled with students’ top study anthems of the midterm season.

The **emotional context** in which music is experienced also significantly influences its cognitive effects.

The **emotional context** in which music is experienced also significantly influences its cognitive effects.

The **emotional context** in which music is experienced also significantly influences its cognitive effects.

A study involving psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, found that it could enhance emotional responses to music, including Mozart’s pieces, implying that heightened emotional engagement can amplify the cognitive benefits of listening to classical music .

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Baltimore County Public Schools’ music education program earns national recognition for 17th consecutive year

NottinghamMD.com
 3 days ago

TOWSON, MD— Baltimore County Public Schools has been honored with the Best Communities for Music Education designation from The NAMM Foundation for its outstanding commitment to music education. This is the 17th consecutive year that BCPS has earned this recognition.

Now in its 24th year, the Best Communities for Music Education designation is awarded to school systems that demonstrate outstanding achievement in efforts to provide music access and education to all students. To qualify for the Best Communities designation, BCPS answered detailed questions about funding, graduation requirements, music class participation, instruction time, facilities, support for the music program, and community music-making programs. Responses were verified with school officials and reviewed by The Music Research Institute at the University of Kansas.

“Music education is alive and well in Baltimore County Public Schools,” said Sherri Fisher, director of BCPS Career & Technical Education and Fine Arts. “Receiving this national recognition for the 17th consecutive year is evidence of the remarkable collaboration and commitment exemplified by the music education community in BCPS.”

“I am so proud that BCPS offers such a challenging and engaging music education experience for our students,” said BCPS Superintendent Dr. Darryl L. Williams. “We know that this program is essential to their overall success as students and to their wellbeing and personal development. I salute our outstanding music educators and students for continuing our legacy of excellence in music education.”

BCPS students can choose among extensive offerings including courses in music and audio technology, world music, and Advanced Placement Music Theory. Students perform throughout the community in choral groups, jazz ensembles, steel pan ensembles, orchestras, marching bands, ukulele, and student composition. In addition, partnerships with the area’s leading arts organizations provide opportunities to see and interact with professional musicians.

Research into music education continues to demonstrate educational/cognitive and social skills benefits for children who make music. Researchers found that participants with two years of music education showed more substantial improvements in reading scores than their less-involved peers and that students who are involved in music are more likely to graduate high school and attend college. Everyday listening skills are stronger in musically trained children than in those without music training. Significantly, listening skills are closely tied to the ability to perceive speech in a noisy background, pay attention, and keep sounds in memory.

Experts say music education has shown to be critical to engaging students, building relationships, and creating a foundation for academic learning.

The post Baltimore County Public Schools’ music education program earns national recognition for 17th consecutive year appeared first on Nottingham MD .

This aligns with findings that familiar and emotionally resonant music tends to improve engagement and information retention better than unfamiliar or complex compositions .

**Music’s impact on memory retention** in educational contexts is supported by evidence that music can serve as a mnemonic device.

**Music’s impact on memory retention** in educational contexts is supported by evidence that music can serve as a mnemonic device.

**Music’s impact on memory retention** in educational contexts is supported by evidence that music can serve as a mnemonic device.

Students have reported that associating study material with parts of songs aids memory recall, demonstrating music’s potential as a tool for enhancing memory in learning environments .

Title:

Content: Humans have been making, listening, and dancing to music since time immemorial, and this art can easily soothe or amplify our emotions. New research explains what “chords” music strikes in the brain, and how it relates to certain cognitive processes, particularly learning.

In recent years, researchers have shown more interest in how listening to music can pragmatically benefit us in numerous ways.

For instance, studies such as this one, which Medical News Today covered last spring, have suggested that people with Alzheimer’s disease who face anxiety and other stressful emotions cope better when they listen to music.

Listening to certain types of music may even alter our perception and change the way we see potential partners, while happy songs can help boost our creativity.

In a new study, the findings of which feature in the journal PNAS, researchers from McGill University in Montreal, Canada have now shown that we can use music to activate the brain’s reward center and motivate learning in an error prediction model.

“Although many authors have proposed that the intense emotions and pleasures of music result from expectancies, predictions, and their outcomes […], direct evidence for this proposition has been lacking,” the researchers write.

The current research finally gets to the bottom of this proposition, using a musical reward learning task and functional MRI to understand how pleasurable music motivates the brain to learn and to strive for its reward.

The team worked with 20 participants aged between 18 and 27 years, whom they asked to take part in a musical reward experiment. Each person had to choose a combination of colors and directions, and each combination had a different probability of the participant hearing either pleasant music or a dissonant, unpleasant audio track.

After a few attempts, the participants learned which combinations they should choose in order to increase their chances of accessing the enjoyable music reward.

While the volunteers were participating in this task, the researchers used functional MRI to measure their brain activity. Then, using a special algorithm, the investigators calculated the difference between how often the participants expected to receive their reward and the number of times they actually received it.

On further comparing this data with the functional MRI scans, the team found that correct predictions correlated with heightened activity in a brain area called the nucleus accumbens, which previous research has tied to the experience of pleasure when listening to music.

This finding indicates that music is, in itself, a viable reward and one that can provide enough motivation to the brain to learn new information that will allow it to access this source of pleasure more easily.

Furthermore, the participants who found the right combinations and made the correct predictions the most often, which correlated with heightened activity in the nucleus accumbens each time, also made the most learning progress throughout the tasks.

“This study adds to our understanding of how abstract stimuli like music activate the pleasure centers of our brains,” explains study author Benjamin Gold.

Our results demonstrate that musical events can elicit formally modeled reward prediction errors like those observed for concrete rewards, such as food or money, and that these signals support learning. This implies that predictive processing might play a much wider role in reward and pleasure than previously realized.”

Benjamin Gold

Additionally, active musical engagement, such as playing an instrument, is linked to improved memory and executive function, requiring sustained attention and coordination that benefit various cognitive skills .

Title:

Content: UAE: Schools incorporating more and more Indian classical performing arts as a compulsory subject

Nurturing students to become complete performing artistes is an organisation called Malhaar – a KHDA approved Indian performing arts centre

Image for representative purposes only
by

Nandini Sircar

Published: Wed 11 Jan 2023, 6:00 AM

Indian curriculum schools like GEMS Modern Academy, GEMS Legacy School, GEMS Millennium School Sharjah and Amity School Sharjah have already embedded performing arts in their curriculum.

Head teachers of these schools note that these different art forms enable pupils to identify their emotional and physical needs, which in turn helps in personality development.

Nurturing students to become complete performing artistes is an organisation called Malhaar – a KHDA approved Indian performing arts centre.

Jogiraj Sikidar, Founder and Director of Malhaar Centre for Performing Arts, says, “in 2017, we approached Gems Modern Academy, Dubai to provide training on Indian classical music and dance to students, and we became part of after-school activities (ASAs). These after school activities are an extension of hobby classes. We also found that there is a lack of continuity in ASAs, as students keep experimenting with different types of activities every other term.”

Shedding light on the challenges, Sikidar adds, “Indian classical music or dance is a practicing art, and it requires discipline, commitment and Reyaaz (practice). We realised that if, and only if, we can introduce it as a compulsory subject in schools, will students take it seriously and [fully receive] the benefits of learning them. Our idea was simple: catch them young. We thought to start this programme at the primary school level as younger students will have more time to devote to learning these traditional skills.

“To encourage students to pursue the Indian classical arts further, in December 2022, we organised an inter-school competition titled ‘Sur Taal Sangam - Season 1’, focusing only on Indian classical music and dance. We were overwhelmed by the response the debut season of the competition [received]. There were 136 entries across 24 schools from all over the country. Our panel of judges chose 54 finalists and 15 winners from across the art forms and categories.”

The teaching module is called ‘Listen, Learn and Perform’, and it enables a holistic view of the Indian Performing Arts. Teaching modules are customised for the KG and Primary sections. In the KG section, students follow the foundation course of the Indian classical dance and Hindustani classical vocal music.

In primary school (grade 1-5), students can select one of the classical art forms such as Hindustani classical vocal, Kathak, Bharatanatyam, Violin or Tabla. Faculty members provide expert advice regarding which art form would be best for each child, based on their aptitude and inclination.”

Each school is given a dedicated Guru, with dance and music heads of faculty personally supervising the training plan and progress.

Nargish Khambatta, Principal GEMS Modern Academy and Vice President, Education GEMS Education, explained, “There are two reasons as to why we decided to have the Indian performing arts in primary schools as a compulsory subject. First [is] the sheer discipline that it sets among the students. For them, the understanding of the rhythm and the way they respond to rules [is so important]; the whole “Guru culture” is fast disappearing.

So we felt that it's important for children to touch base with their roots, and for them to pursue something [with] all sincerity and over a [consistent] period of time to achieve success. The accomplishment that that gives is fantastic. This has also helped [with] instilling the right values in children.”

“The feedback has been overwhelming. There was an independence day programme [where] we had the entire gamut, and parents were standing and listening in awe. That’s when we decided to move from a sign-up programme to a more actual in-school part of the curriculum kind of a programme. I am happy about it,” she added.

Research demonstrates that when music is heard from ages 0-6, there is a developmental window of learning how to “unscramble” or “organise” the sound.

Music lessons in childhood impacts the brain positively. Researchers at the University of Munster in Germany found that “the younger the musicians were when they started musical training, the bigger this area of the brain appears to be.” Music lessons appear to strengthen the links between brain neurons and build new neural bridges needed for good spatial reasoning.

Asha Alexander, Principal and CEO Gems Legacy School, Dubai, says, “It has been a dream of mine for a long time that our students learn Indian classical forms. So, when we introduced Malhaar, we found that there was a great positive reaction in parents. They were delighted with the outcomes.”

Archana Sagar, Principal, Amity Private School, Sharjah says, “More than anything else, it’s so varied and vibrant. There is such a large variety on offer that it can cater to the needs and wants of everyone. It’s very important to hit the right chord with children without imposing things on them. So, through this learning, children’s potential is first explored, and then according to their potential, children are trained.”

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Content: Ukulele master class provides musical life lesson to Grindstone Elementary kids

NEW!

BEREA, Ohio -- In advance of the recently held Great Lakes Ukulele Revival, student strummers at the Berea City School District’s Grindstone Elementary School received special instruction March 10 from two renowned master ukulelists.

Watching the fourth-grade children sing, pluck and strum for Peter Luongo of Vancouver and James Hill, who participated remotely from his home in Nova Scotia, was inspiring. The students’ desire to learn and the respect they displayed made the session all the more enjoyable.

They learned the nuances of strum speed, rhythm, dynamics and balance. Luongo and Hill also demonstrated how different notes played simultaneously by small sub-groups of players can blend together to create a fuller sound.

“I just wanted to keep the kids excited so they continue with music in middle school and high school,” BCSD Music Specialist Lea Pulizzi-Smith said about her reason for bringing in Hill and Luongo. “Maybe not ukulele, but in music.”

Perhaps most important was the life lesson Hill instilled in the students by the conclusion of the class.

“You worked so hard on all playing the same thing at the same time, like you’re one giant ukulele working together, which is really beautiful,” Hill told the children.

“But I also love it when we all play different things and they still go together nicely. That’s called harmony.

“Harmony is not just a thing in music,” he emphasized. “It’s a thing in the world, where we all can be very different, but we can all live together and make a beautiful sound.”

Luongo told cleveland.com that he and Hill always hope “people will see the potential within themselves, whether they’re kids or adult learners.”

“What they create is a result of their tapping into who they are and their abilities,” Luongo said. “There is a synergy and energy created when they share their individual abilities with a group of people. The sound created is better than it ever could be by themselves.”

Hill reiterated that “a music group is a microcosm of the wider world.”

“When people feel they can get along through playing music, they feel they can get along through anything,” Hill said. “They carry that with them through their entire lives.”

He also stressed that music can be vital for some kids to be able “to express what they have inside.”

“I was like that,” Hill shared. “I needed music to tell the world how I thought. We are literally empowering the kids through music.”

“Music is relevant, and the arts are relevant,” Luongo added. “It’s great this community, the Berea School District, the teachers in the classroom and the children all recognize it’s important and it matters.”

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**Therapeutic and social benefits** of music are also well-documented.

**Therapeutic and social benefits** of music are also well-documented.

**Therapeutic and social benefits** of music are also well-documented.

Music education fosters social skills, teamwork, and emotional well-being.

Music education fosters social skills, teamwork, and emotional well-being.

Music education fosters social skills, teamwork, and emotional well-being.

Children involved in music learn cooperation and experience reduced anxiety, which benefits mental health and learning environments .

Title:

Content: Kudos to Dr. Anastasia Antonacos for her insightful July 26 opinion piece about the need for music education in our schools.

As a retired early childhood music teacher, I can attest to the many skills that a simple music exercise can bring about, even in the youngest of children. These skills spill over into other areas of a child’s development. When a child changes the words to a song, moves to recorded music, taps or claps rhythmically to music or a drum beat, the creative juices are flowing. And they are having fun! The brain is at work, and as Dr. Antonacos explains, those experiences enhance memory, problem solving skills, including math, just to mention a few.

Arts in our schools must continue, and that includes music, which can bring about such joy to our children every day.

Fran Wilson
Portland

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Content: Top CSEC student hopes to teach at Oxford University

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By Latrishka Thomas

[email protected]

Having two parents who are educators has inspired Chidindu Ohaegbulam – Antigua and Barbuda’s top CSEC student for 2022 – to aim to “inspire other generations to love physics” by becoming a university professor.

Ohaegbulam, who attended St Joseph’s Academy, completed an incredible 23 subjects with 21 grade ones and two grade twos, making him the country’s top CSEC scholar.

He is the eldest son of Augustine Ohaegbulam, a veteran educator who came out of retirement and now teaches physics at the Divine Academy of Excellence, and Ijeoma Ohaegbulam, a human and social biology teacher at the Antigua Girls’ High School.

The 17-year-old said that physics is his favourite subject thanks to his dad and teachers who honed his love for the subject.

“It helps you to see the world in a different perspective,” he remarked.

Ohaegbulam specifically wants to teach at Oxford University and become a lead researcher.

He is currently a student at Island Academy within the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.

He told Observer that completing so many subject areas was not easy, but said it would not be impossible for others to do.

“It’s mainly about not letting distractions get the best of you,” he advised.

The football and videogame lover went on to share that music helped to make studying less tedious and also helped him to retain information.

“Whenever I zone out, the music helps me to refocus and to recall things a bit more than usual because if I remember a part of a song that I was using to study something it will literally help me to recall exactly what I read,” he explained.

Ohaegbulam did not take all the credit for his success, however. He said that thanks to the sacrifices of his family and the motivation from his ‘Operation CXC’ group at school he was able to cop those 23 subjects.

He recommended that students struggling in school latch on to a suitable peer because “hearing it from the student who actually got the information and learned it themselves, maybe they could pass on how they learned it to the struggling friend”.

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Engagement with music, whether through listening or active participation, promotes a sense of community and collaboration among students, enhancing social and emotional intelligence vital for academic and personal development .

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Content: Rats Have Rhythm and Can Keep the Beat to Mozart, a new Study Shows

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The study did not determine whether rats prefer Mozart to Maroon 5. (Richard Drew/AP)

Rhythm has long been thought to be a uniquely human trait, but researchers have found that rats possess the ability and can keep the beat to Mozart, a new study shows.

Scientists at the University of Tokyo found that rats’ beat synchronicity came from the time constant of their brains, not their bodies, which is similar across species.

“Rats displayed innate — that is, without any training or prior exposure to music — beat synchronization most distinctly within 120–140 bpm (beats per minute), to which humans also exhibit the clearest beat synchronization,” said University of Tokyo Associate Professor Hirokazu Takahashi.

Researchers equipped 20 rats with wireless accelerometers to measure their head movements. They were played one-minute excerpts of “Sonata for two pianos (K. 448)” by Mozart at four different speeds – 75%, 100%, 200% and 400% of the original speed.

The study focused on responses to “K. 448” by Mozart. But the study also played four other musical pieces to human and animal participants: “Born This Way” by Lady Gaga, “Another One Bites the Dust” by Queen, “Beat It” by Michael Jackson and “Sugar” by Maroon 5.

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Music education also increases student engagement and motivation, creating a stimulating learning environment that encourages active participation and supports cognitive development .

Title:

Content: Music is not only great for listening to, but it’s great for you. No matter if it is choir, band, orchestra or a mix of them all, musical interaction is wondrous for mental health, cooperation and social skills, and it can an lessen anxiety and depression. These courses are great for improving the human logical and learning mind, as well.

When young children are introduced to music, it positively affects their mental health and improves cognitive and social skills. These kids learn how to work in teams and sections, yet stay independent.

In middle and high school, when these courses proceed to get more challenging, teenagers figure out more problem-solving abilities and how to perform and behave in front of hundreds of people. They learn skills that assist with hand-eye coordination, like being able to read a sheet of music, tap your foot, control your breath or bow, and move both of your hands separately, yet at the same time.

We, as a community, should implement more music courses in our schools, from elementary on up. It needs to be a requirement.

Naomi Rupe

Pioneer Middle School

Walla Walla

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Content: 2022 SU General Election Full Supplement

Illustration by Valery Perez

Rats have more rhythm than you think

By Sheroog Kubur, November 30 2022

Musicians have long sung about the power of music — we’re either slaves to it, losing control or just can’t fight the feeling to get up and dance. Keeping rhythm has been thought to be an exclusively human trait until recently, when a study in Tokyo, Japan discovered that rats are able to keep rhythm as well.

“Rats displayed innate — that is, without any training or prior exposure to music — beat synchronization most distinctly within 120–140 BPM (beats per minute),” said University of Tokyo associate professor Hirokazu Takahashi.

Keeping rhythm is something that had long been considered only a human trait because of the complex motor functions that go into the movements. It involves the speed that the brain is able to respond to something. While there are videos of animals dancing along to songs, like popular videos of birds moving along to the rhythm, this is more likely a case of being trained to respond to the beat than having innate beat synchronization.

Beat synchronization refers to how well we are able to keep in time with a musical beat. The study was conducted at the University of Tokyo and connected 10 rats to wireless, miniature accelerometers to measure their head movements. A one-minute clip of Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major was played at four different tempos, ranging from 75 per cent to 400 per cent of the original song. Twenty humans also participated in the study for comparison.

The song was played at various tempos on the assumption that, because rats already operate at a faster pace in terms of heartbeat and other body functions, they may prefer faster tempos.

However, the results of the study found that rats, much like humans, prefer a tempo of 120-140 BPM. This preference was also observed in the human participants. Mozart’s composition fell within this range at roughly 132 BPM.

“Our results suggest that the optimal tempo for beat synchronization depends on the time constant in the brain,” said Takahashi.

The study also included other pop songs like “Born This Way” by Lady Gaga and “Another One Bites the Dust” by Queen. Beat synchronization in non-human mammals was previously thought to be reactive — akin to jumping to a sudden noise — instead of predictive like in humans. The study suggests that beat synchronicity in rats isn’t purely reactive because of the change in movements alongside the changes in tempos.

“To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on innate beat synchronization in animals that was not achieved through training or musical exposure,” said Takahashi.

This isn’t the first time researchers have looked into the dancing capabilities of animals. Previous research into beat synchronization focused primarily on primates. In 2014, a group of researchers at the University of North Carolina found out that bonobos, a species that shares 98.7 per cent of their DNA with humans, were able to match the beat of drumming scientists with their own drumming. A 2013 study found that chimpanzees also display the ability to synchronize their movements with a beat as well. Researchers at the University of California found that the California sea lion is also able to bob its head along to a rhythm. In October of this year, a team discovered that harbour seals are also able to keep track of different rhythms.

The Tokyo research team plans on looking further into the effects of music and harmony on the human brain. Takahashi has expressed interest in music as it leads to a happier life and mechanisms that create cultural centres in the brain such as art and music.

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The Gauntlet

**Individual differences** are critical in determining the cognitive impact of music.

**Individual differences** are critical in determining the cognitive impact of music.

**Individual differences** are critical in determining the cognitive impact of music.

While some students benefit from classical music like Mozart’s for concentration, others may prefer different genres.

While some students benefit from classical music like Mozart’s for concentration, others may prefer different genres.

Educators are encouraged to allow students to explore various musical styles to find what best supports their learning .

The effectiveness of music as a cognitive enhancer is influenced by personal preferences and the listener’s habitual use of music for emotional regulation .

**Case studies and educational applications** suggest that incorporating classical music into school environments can create a calming atmosphere and potentially enhance students’ focus and cognitive performance during tasks requiring spatial reasoning or problem-solving .

For example, schools with robust music education programs, such as Baltimore County Public Schools, report significant improvements in student performance across various subjects, underscoring the practical benefits of integrating music into the curriculum .

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Home > Health> Wellness > Playing an instrument is linked to better brain health, reveals study

Playing an instrument is linked to better brain health, reveals study

A new study shows that playing an instrument is especially good for older adults as it is associated with improved memory and executive function

The study showed that continuing to play into later life is linked to greater benefits. (Pexels)

It’s well-known that practicing or listening to music can reduce stress and improve mood. Now, a new study has found that playing an instrument is especially good for older adults as it is associated with better brain health.

For this study, researchers from the University of Exeter reviewed over 25,000 people’s musical experience and lifetime exposure to music, as well as results of cognitive testing, to find out whether playing instruments or singing helps to keep the brain sharp in later life, the university’s press statement explained.

Also read: How music can prevent cognitive decline

The findings, published in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, showed that playing a musical instrument, particularly the piano, is associated with improved memory and executive function—the ability to solve complex tasks. Notably, continuing to play into later life is linked to greater benefits.

The study showed that singing also led to better brain health. However, this could also be because of the social factors of being part of a choir or group. In the statement, Amy Corbett, one of the study authors said the findings show that “promoting musical education would be a valuable part of public health initiatives to promote a protective lifestyle for brain health, as would encouraging older adults to return to music in later life.”

Corbett added that this approach could enable older adults to proactively reduce their risk and promote brain health.

Previous studies have also shown that engaging with music can improve the quality of life of older adults. For instance, a study published in NeuroImage: Reports in April 2023, discovered that music can help alter cognitive decline in healthy older adults by stimulating the production of grey matter. With age, brain plasticity, a process that involves adaptive structural and functional changes to the brain, decreases. But the study showed that practicing and listening to music can enhance brain plasticity and cognitive reserve.

A 2021 study conducted by researchers from the University of Toronto (U of T) and Unity Health Toronto found similar associations. The findings, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, showed that repeated listening to personally meaningful music leads to beneficial brain plasticity in patients with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer's disease.

Also read: Listening to your favourite songs can reduce pain: Study

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Participation in music programs is also linked to higher rates of high school graduation and pursuit of higher education, indicating that music education contributes not only to immediate cognitive improvements but also to long-term academic achievements .

**Mechanisms behind the Mozart Effect** involve several interrelated processes.

**Mechanisms behind the Mozart Effect** involve several interrelated processes.

**Mechanisms behind the Mozart Effect** involve several interrelated processes.

Listening to complex compositions like Mozart’s may stimulate various brain areas, enhancing neural connections and increasing arousal and mood, which are conducive to better performance on cognitive tasks .

The rhythmic and melodic elements of Mozart’s music may create an optimal auditory environment that facilitates concentration and attention, critical for cognitive tasks.

The rhythmic and melodic elements of Mozart’s music may create an optimal auditory environment that facilitates concentration and attention, critical for cognitive tasks.

The rhythmic and melodic elements of Mozart’s music may create an optimal auditory environment that facilitates concentration and attention, critical for cognitive tasks.

Music can also reduce stress and anxiety levels, which are associated with improved memory and learning capabilities .

Some studies suggest that music activates the temporal lobes, involved in processing auditory information and linked to memory and learning.

Some studies suggest that music activates the temporal lobes, involved in processing auditory information and linked to memory and learning.

Some studies suggest that music activates the temporal lobes, involved in processing auditory information and linked to memory and learning.

Notably, a study from the University of Tokyo demonstrated that rats could synchronize their head movements to the beat of Mozart’s "Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major," suggesting that the rhythmic qualities of Mozart’s music may engage fundamental cognitive processes shared across species .

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Content: Home » This is how the students of Raúl Mohamed, a mathematics teacher from Roca, learn

This is how the students of Raúl Mohamed, a mathematics teacher from Roca, learn

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On a blackboard with white chalk, write the subject of the class and draw two intersecting lines. Instead of explaining it in a classical way, he sings to the rhythm of “No te creas tan importante”, by the cumbia group Damas Gratis: «What are the axes, what are the Cartesian axes and they tell me, that they are two straight lines that intersect at the center and divide into four parts, four quadrants». This is how Raúl Mohamen, a mathematics teacher at ESRN 150, in Roca, begins classes.

The teacher sings about Cartesian axes, how are the steps to follow to perform mathematical operations, among other difficult tasks to learn.

Teachers face a great challenge when it comes to transmitting knowledge to their students, which is why Raúl created a strategy to do it: sing. It was in the midst of the pandemic when teaching through screens was an obstacle to get the attention of the students.

In an exclusive interview with Diario RÍO NEGRO, Mohamed told how this idea began. «It arose through a television program called ‘Sin Codificar’, where he applied mathematical topics and it had an impact on me because he always teachers try to find strategies to facilitate student learning. That’s when I started thinking why not implement music in my area,” she explained.

The teacher applied the idea for the first time in the pandemic when it was quite a challenge to teach through the screens. “We were only five in the class, so I thought of doing something to make them laugh (even if it is) and so they added more and more«, explained the teacher who was heard, in principle, by his students from CET 1 in Cervantes.

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The man used the theme “Don’t think you’re so important” from Free Checkers and reversed it by changing the words for mathematical techniques.

Look how Raúl teaches singing

The teacher explained that the arrival of knowledge was such that he decided to later transfer it to the classrooms. The students got hooked and when they left class they continued to sing during breaks, they even began to create their own musical themes as a group. He also thought about the number of songs that boys usually sing on soccer fields. “Why not implement it in education?”he asked himself.

«Music is an art and teaching too. I think you have to let them express themselves in the way they can. Putting that grain of sand for them to learn is welcome, “he said.

Thanks to technology, the strategy went beyond the classroom and was disseminated in different media. So he was able to reach his mom’s ears, who lives in Tucumán and from there was able to see how his son taught classes. “We are so far apart that we cannot share these moments,” she said with teary eyes, adding, “my classmates also do a lot of things to get the attention of the students. Do you know how many millions of teachers do a thousand things and are not recognized? How lucky I was.”

Raúl’s mother was able to see how he taught the classes. Photo: Andrés Maripe.

«I have a beautiful group. My colleagues supported me in everything. When I plan the classes I don’t mention that I sing for fear that someone will laugh. You teach the kids that you don’t have to be afraid, that you have to go forward, but sometimes you are afraid too,” said Raúl. However, he was met with only positive responses, as his colleagues and managers supported him.

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Raúl was even encouraged to sing his mathematical version of the Damas Gratis group on the radio.

Learn from failures

Throughout the interview, the teacher highlighted that “all his life he took mathematics”, but that there were teachers who encouraged him to continue and grow. “You ask me how I did it and I don’t know,” said Raúl, who studied teaching at the Concepción Vocational Institute in Tucuman, with a laugh.

One day the professor loaded all his materials into a taxi to go give his first practices. Upon entering he realized that he had forgotten them, so he had to improvise. The theme of the day was the inner and outer region of triangles. He looked everywhere and did not find any element that had that shape. Until he saw the door and used it to explain to the students.

“The outer region is the door frame, the shaded part, the door. If I close it, what do I form? A square”. This is how he began to incorporate concrete things into his classes so that students could materialize mathematics. “I don’t know if it was because of the fear of failing at that moment because I had nothing, but from there I didn’t stop.”

Raúl teaches at Roca y Cervantes. Photo: Andrés Maripe.

“My teachers told me that what one learned on the street and what one studied had to focus on a single path. Over time I realized that it was like that, “he admitted.

Raúl pointed out that he applied what he learned in everyday life. «You can plan the best class, but inside the classroom it is different, another reality“, he indicated. In addition, he expressed that although sometimes things did not turn out as he wanted, he continued to insist.

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Raúl explained that he used himself as an example. Just as he once had teachers, that despite the difficulties he had in learning some subjects, they encouraged him to continue, he also seeks to be the same way.

«I see that parents always ask their children ‘How much did you get?’ but they never ask ‘Did you learn?’ Boys are not a product, they are people who generate a lot of things“, highlighted the emotional Raúl.

Listen to Raúl Mohamed, in “Ya es tiempo” by RÍO NEGRO RADIO:

Tune in RIO NEGRO RADIO. Listen to us on FM 90.9 from Neuquén, on FM 91.9 from Roca, on rionegro.com.ar/radio or through our App (here for Androidhere for iOS).

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Content: A spring fling area families can enjoy together is the Okee Dokee Brothers concert, scheduled for 3 p.m. Sunday, April 24, at the Worthington Middle School auditorium.

“In my opinion, the Okee Dokee Brothers is a group kids love but parents also find enjoyable,” said Michelle Flannery. “Their music is catchy, and they use it as a platform to bring people together and spread joy.” Flannery, a committee member with Northfield Youth Choirs (for which the concert is serving as a benefit), isn’t the only one to heartily endorse the Okee Dokee Brothers.

Led by musicians Joe Mailender and Justin Lansing, the group has won several Grammy Awards and is hailed as five-time Parents’ Choice award winners, among other kudos to their credit. Some years ago, the Okee Dokee Brothers were more regionally based and they performed shows in the greater Northfield/Faribault area. But Flannery said they haven’t visited the Cannon River valley for at least six years, during which time their star has risen considerably. A whole new generation of kids and families is ripe to rediscover their musical treasures.

“They’ve made a nice name for themselves so we’re delighted to give families here access to them once again,” said Flannery. “Usually they sell out their shows in the Twin Cities area—and this is a pretty average-sized venue for them.” Mailendar and Lansing bill themselves as singers of family-appropriate American folk music with a goal of inspiring children, parents and grandparents to get outside, explore nature and be creative. Their repertoire brims with tunes like “Campin’,”

"The Bullfrog Opera” and “Can You Canoe?” “A big component of their messaging is getting out into nature, exploring and having adventures,” said Flannery. “They’re passionate about the environment and also weave in really positive messages—messages we all really need due to the pandemic—about being yourself and ‘this is what you can do to find joy.’”

Flannery knows well the importance of emphasizing such messages; she’s a licensed school psychologist, practicing at area charter schools, and the parent of three children ranging from 9 to 14. All of her kids are in one of the six Northfield Youth Choirs—and so is her husband Sean, who sings tenor with the adult NYC Chorale. “I don’t work with any group of kids that hasn’t been impacted by the pandemic,” said Flannery, “and it looks a little different for each age level.”

For instance, Flannery observes many lower elementary students being about a year behind in terms of behavior regulation and social development, while high school-aged students are facing “major decision fatigue” and frustration with constantly changing Covid regulations. “It’s like we all went home for awhile, came back together and people are now trying to normalize things that still feel kind of hard,” said Flannery. “Kids especially had to sit back and accept all the things that were happening, so the lyrics you hear at an Okee Dokee Brothers concert are great and super applicable at this time.”

Soothing the raging beasts of change with the musical balm that flows from the Okee Dokee Brothers might be just the ticket, Flannery figures—and she’s not alone in that opinion. Michelle Bendett, choir instructor at Northfield Middle School and an NYC co-artistic director along with Nicole Thietje, sees music—both engaging in it and absorbing it—as vital. “Music is absolutely essential to the healthy development of our children,” said Bendett, mentioning that NYC offers summer camps for kids ages 5 through 11. “The benefits to their minds, bodies and spirits are numerous and invaluable.”

To that end, NYC isn’t just bringing the Okee Dokee Brothers to town; they’re also pleased that two groups from among their 100+ singers—the first- and second-grade NYC Junior Singers, directed by Leigh Ann Garner, and the third- through fifth-grade Treble choir, directed by Thietje—will share the stage on three numbers with the Okee Dokee Brothers themselves. “We are so grateful the Okee Dokee Brothers invited us to sing these fabulous songs with them,” said Thietje, “and our singers have been practicing. They’re very excited for this opportunity.”

In addition to appreciating sponsorship from Schieck Orthodontics, Community Resource Bank and Johnson-Reiland Builders & Remodelers, the NYC committee applauds the school district forph assistance in scheduling the NMS venue. “The NMS auditorium has everything the band needs for the show,” said Flannery. Flannery, Thietje and Bendett are eager to have the community experience the musical gifts and inspiring messages the Okee Dokee Brothers are bound to deliver, while also benefiting a local music organization like NYC.

“NYC is thrilled to provide rich musical experiences like this,” said Bendett. “And our NYC ensembles themselves are full of vibrant, enthusiastic kids who develop musical and extra- musical skills while having a blast together each week.” Added Flannery, “NYC continues to provide a high-quality music education and choir experience for youth, so marrying that with this great family band—they’re amazing musicians—seems like a cool thing to do.”

Jane Turpin Moore is a freelance writer. Reach the editor at editor@apgsomn.com.

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**Recent data-driven analyses** indicate that the Mozart Effect is not universally robust or consistent.

**Recent data-driven analyses** indicate that the Mozart Effect is not universally robust or consistent.

**Recent data-driven analyses** indicate that the Mozart Effect is not universally robust or consistent.

While some studies have replicated the original findings, others have found only temporary or context-dependent cognitive enhancements.

While some studies have replicated the original findings, others have found only temporary or context-dependent cognitive enhancements.

While some studies have replicated the original findings, others have found only temporary or context-dependent cognitive enhancements.

The impact of music on cognitive performance is complex and influenced by individual differences, emotional connections, and the specific characteristics of the music being played .

The most substantial and lasting improvements in cognitive abilities, especially spatial reasoning, appear linked to structured music training and the emotional and cognitive environment that music fosters, rather than passive listening alone .

**Teacher perceptions** of using music in the classroom are overwhelmingly positive, with educators reporting that music enhances student engagement, reduces stress, and fosters a sense of community and belonging .

Innovative teaching methods, such as singing mathematical concepts to familiar tunes, have proven effective in making lessons more enjoyable and memorable .

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Content: 'A place to belong': Music Education Day highlights mental, social benefits of music for students

On the first ever Music Education Day in Saskatchewan, educators and psychologists are highlighting the many benefits that music has on the minds of students.

Proclaimed by the Government of Saskatchewan and the Saskatchewan Music Educators Association (SMEA), the day is meant to shine light on the importance of music within schools.

“Music is in every building and is very important to the lives of every student,” Katlyn Redding, the president of the SMEA, said.

“We need to do a fabulous job, like today, advocating and showing everyone it’s there.”

Redding said music offers many students a sense of community they may not otherwise find in school.

“Inside the band room, the music room, the drama club - music especially - is a home for kids. They find a place to belong and they find people like them,” Redding said.

Psychologist Devin Seghers said science has proven the effects that music has on brain development.

“A student who learns a musical instrument, or takes music or choral, that for the brain it prevents mental anguish later in life, especially during the teen years. It alleviates anxiety,” he said.

“We have discovered that they are also a full year academically ahead of their peers that have not enrolled in music.”

Some educators, including Jennifer McAllister, say music has expanded within schools in Saskatchewan over the past several years.

“Really quality music programs and really skilled music teachers have a lot of resources at their finger tips,” she said.

“[Music] is good for us our whole life, so an investment in music education in young people is an investment in wellbeing for people for their whole life.”

Music is also seen as essential for healthy child development, contributing to social and emotional well-being .

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Content: news

Here's the No. 1 Type of Music for Focus and Concentration, Says Harvard Brain Expert—and It's Not Classical

Music isn't just for entertainment. Having it on in the background can help you focus better, even if you struggle with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

But with music and people being so diverse, how do you decide which is best for you? Researchers have found that when it comes to boosting brainpower, there is no one-fits-all genre.

It entirely depends on the individual and what they respond to. I have many favorites — hip-hop, rap, pop, country, folk, classical, opera. So it's not about genre for me.

As a musician and Harvard neuroscientist, I've found that "familiar music," or songs that you enjoy and know best, are the most effective for maximizing concentration.

Fine-tuning my playlist for optimal focus

A 2018 study found that familiar music activates many of the brain regions responsible for movement, so the focus is "full-bodied."

This means that I can sing along and feel a learned rhythm in my body. Because I've heard the song before, I have the pleasure of anticipating what's next.

When I need to focus, familiar music helps me both relieve stress and connect with the emotions I need in order to be fully present.

For example:

One thing I pay attention to is whether I'm "over" the music. Several studies have shown that your listening pleasure follows a U-shaped curve. First it increases, but after a while, once your brain gets used to it, the returns are diminishing.

Another group of researchers found that the type of music that most positively influences learning is "soft-fast," songs like Jason Mraz's "I'm Yours" or "Love on Top" by Beyoncé.

"Loud-fast," "soft-slow" and "loud-slow" music tended to hinder learning. Instrumental music can also be less disruptive than music with lyrics.

How familiar music affects your brain

There are many ways that music can impact the brain's ability to focus. One mechanism involves decreasing stress and cortisol, which allows the brain's attention center to operate without interruption.

In the brain, the focus centers are directly connected to the regions that process emotion, so any music that makes you more emotionally volatile could disrupt your concentration.

On the flip side, when you suppress your feelings, negative emotions just linger in your brain. And try as you might, you'll lose the capacity to focus. So, if music helps you to connect with your emotions, it can help you think more clearly, too.

Srini Pillay, M.D., is a Harvard psychiatrist and brain researcher, chief medical officer and co-founder of Reulay, CEO of NeuroBusiness Group, and the author of "Tinker Dabble Doodle Try: Unlock the Power of the Unfocused Mind." Follow him on Twitter @srinipillay and on Instagram @drsrinipillay.

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**In summary**, the Mozart Effect suggests that listening to Mozart’s music can temporarily improve cognitive performance, particularly in spatial reasoning tasks.

**In summary**, the Mozart Effect suggests that listening to Mozart’s music can temporarily improve cognitive performance, particularly in spatial reasoning tasks.

**In summary**, the Mozart Effect suggests that listening to Mozart’s music can temporarily improve cognitive performance, particularly in spatial reasoning tasks.

However, recent research highlights that the effect is context-dependent and influenced by individual differences, emotional engagement, and the type of music.

However, recent research highlights that the effect is context-dependent and influenced by individual differences, emotional engagement, and the type of music.

However, recent research highlights that the effect is context-dependent and influenced by individual differences, emotional engagement, and the type of music.

While passive listening to Mozart may offer some temporary benefits, the most significant cognitive enhancements are associated with active musical engagement and a supportive emotional environment.

While passive listening to Mozart may offer some temporary benefits, the most significant cognitive enhancements are associated with active musical engagement and a supportive emotional environment.

While passive listening to Mozart may offer some temporary benefits, the most significant cognitive enhancements are associated with active musical engagement and a supportive emotional environment.

Incorporating classical music, especially Mozart’s works, into educational settings—whether during breaks or as part of a broader music curriculum—can be a valuable, non-conventional strategy to enhance students’ cognitive development, academic performance, and overall well-being .