### Report: The Value of Cats in Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt is renowned for its deep reverence for cats, which were not only cherished as companions but also venerated as sacred beings.

The spiritual and cultural significance of cats in ancient Egyptian society is profound and multifaceted, influencing religious practices, legal systems, and daily life.

#### Spiritual Connections to Cats

Cats in ancient Egypt were associated with several deities, most notably the goddess **Bastet**.

Originally depicted as a lioness, Bastet evolved into a cat or cat-headed woman, symbolizing protection, fertility, and motherhood.

Her cult center was in **Bubastis**, where thousands of mummified cats have been discovered, indicating the extent of feline veneration.

Cats were believed to embody the protective qualities of Bastet, guarding homes and families from evil spirits and harm.

The ancient Egyptians believed that cats possessed a divine essence.

When a family cat died, it was mourned deeply.

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### Report: The Value of Cats in Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt is renowned for its deep reverence for cats, which were not only cherished as companions but also venerated as sacred beings.

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Content: A culinary guide to Egyptian national food
What to try in Egypt on vacation in a hotel or local cafes, what national dishes and sweets are the most delicious, how they are prepared, what ingredients are used by the Egyptians in cooking, a lot of photos and description
Are you going to Egypt and want to know what dishes you should try there?
Or maybe you ’ re just wondering what traditional Egyptian food is?
This article will help you find the most delicious and unusual dishes of Egypt, as well as learn its history and influence.
Cuisine of Egypt
The dishes of Egypt are delicious, varied, slightly seasoned with spices and combine the flavors and cuisines of many countries of the world, as history has brought different nationalities to Egypt and the Middle East.
Egypt is a transcontinental country, part of which is in Africa, part in Asia, and the influence of food comes from places like Rome and India.
Egyptian cuisine has become doubly fascinating due to the fact that history has influenced its national and traditional dishes.
Be sure to try traditional dishes such as Molokhia, Koshari, Baladi tortillas and Egyptian cheeses.
History of Egyptian cuisine
Egyptian cuisine has evolved over thousands of years, and many civilizations that have passed through this region have left some trace on the food consumed in Egypt.
Greek, Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian, Turkish, British and French cuisine can all be found in modern Egyptian cuisine, and there is also much in common with the cuisine of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Interestingly, there are noticeable differences between the typical food consumed in the north and south of the country, for example, the northern coastal areas are full of seafood and fish dishes, while the southern regions tend to be more influenced by spicy North African cuisine.
Egyptian meze
Egyptian meze is usually served in Egypt, consisting of such dishes as falafel, olives, hummus, tahini, hard-boiled eggs, soft white cheese, fried meat, ful medames and rice dishes.
For breakfast, lunch and dinner you will see quite similar dishes.
Like all over the world, you can find french fries and pizza.
However, Egyptian food is good and some of the dishes below are worth trying.
Egyptian dishes that are worth trying
Some of the most famous traditional Egyptian dishes include:
Molochia
Molochia is an Egyptian "green slime soup".
The dish, Molochia, is a stew or soup, usually made from finely chopped leafy greens in a broth of beef, chicken or seafood.
It is one of the most traditional Egyptian dishes.
Molochia may contain fried garlic and ground fried coriander seeds.
It is usually served with bread, rice and a choice between seafood, chicken, lamb or beef.
Food in Egypt can be regional, which means that the ways in which a dish is prepared can vary.
Molochia is named after the leafy greens from which the stew is made.
The plant belongs to the family of jute or mallow and is a species of bamia.
For the ancient Egyptians, Molochia was an aphrodisiac.
It may also be known as muluhiya or muluhiya.
Molochia has a mucous or gelatinous consistency.
Some people do not like such a slimy consistency, but still recommend trying it.
Molochia is very rich in protein, iron and various minerals.
Koshari
Koshari is considered the national dish of Egypt.
However, the two key ingredients of koshari – rice and pasta – do not come from Egypt.
Therefore, it is believed that the dish was brought from India by British colonists.
In India, you ’ ll find kichari, a word that roughly translates to “mixture. ”
It was the forerunner of the Anglo-Indian kedgeri, a regional species of kitchari using fish and eggs.
It is a cheap, tasty and hearty dish, the Egyptians quickly adopted koshari as their own dish.
Koshari usually consists of rice, lentils, pasta, chickpeas, fried onions and a special spicy tomato sauce.
The mixture may seem strange, but the sauce and crispy onions really tie the dish together.
You can find the dish at street stalls and restaurants in Egypt.
Aish Baladi (Egyptian tortillas)
Baladi tortillas are one of the most popular dishes in Egypt.
They are usually served with each meal as a side dish or as an addition to soup, baba-ganushu or stewed meat.
Most likely, for breakfast you will be served Egyptian tortillas with soft cheese, eggs and tahini.
They will not do without them during lunch and dinner.
In fact, it is one of the favorite types of bread in the world.
And hot fresh cakes from the bakery will be a real treat.
Shaurma
You can find shawarma in the stalls of street vendors, usually chicken or beef is used for cooking.
Shawarma meat is seasoned and marinated and left to be cooked on a spit for most of the day.
Shawarma is usually served with garlic sauce or tahini.
We are sure that all of you are already familiar with shawarma, as in our country it is in all food courts and in small cafes.
Havavshi
Hawavshi is a type of Egyptian meat pie that is usually baked in an oven or grill.
Delicious bread pies that can be bought at street food stalls in Egypt.
Egyptian cheese
Surprisingly, the cheese of the First Dynasty of Egypt was found in alabaster jugs in Saqqara.
Cheese was discovered in a sealed tomb that is at least 3,000 years old, leading people to believe that the cheese originated in Egypt or the Middle East.
Egyptian cheese is very popular.
It is very similar in appearance to Philadelphia or Feta.
Cheese first appeared in the Egyptian countryside, on small family farms it was prepared from cow ’ s milk or from buffalo milk fermented with acid or heat.
Some cheeses are still produced in ordinary homes or on farms.
Mish is a fermented cheese produced in rural areas.
Dimiati variety is very popular, rumi is a hard cheese, similar to pecorino.
The word "rumi" comes from the word "Roman", which explains a lot.
Jacket kebab
Kofta kebab is usually prepared from minced lamb or veal, served with sauces, salads and baladi bread.
It is distributed throughout the Middle East, each region has its own unique taste.
Mahshi
Mahshi, meaning "mince", is usually stuffed vegetables with rice, greens, spices, and sometimes minced meat.
They are easy to find in the vegetarian version.
Quite a popular dish in Egypt, which is eaten on special occasions, for example, on large holidays.
Stuffed grape leaves
Stuffed Egyptian grape leaves, mahshi varak enab, are very similar to Greek and Turkish dolma, twisting and cooking takes a long time, but they are eaten very quickly because of their delicious taste.
You can easily find the vegan version.
Stuffed grape leaves are very similar to mahshi because they are both stuffed rolls and are usually stuffed with similar rice and meat mixtures.
Pickled grape leaves give this particular version of mahshi a fantastic taste.
Kunafa
Kunafa is a special Egyptian dessert made from konafa dough.
It is usually filled with cream or cheese, then baked and served with syrup.
Kunafa can be found in street stalls and in some pastry shops.
It has a very pleasant taste, we recommend you try it if you are a sweet tooth.
Baba ganush
Baba Ganush is a typical Middle Eastern dish made from roasted eggplant, garlic, lemon juice, herbs and tahini.
Baba Ganush is eaten for breakfast, lunch or dinner with bread, cheese and eggs.
It is a popular component of the Egyptian meze.
Baba Ganush is said to have originated in Lebanon or its environs.
You can try it everywhere, from Egypt to Greece, even in Romania there is a similar dish.
Tahini
Tahini is a thick oily paste made from sesame seeds used to make baba ganusha and hummus.
Classic tahini is diluted with water and lemon juice, salt and garlic are added.
In Egypt, tahini will be served along with baba ganush and hummus in the form of a sauce or as a sauce for dishes such as falafel.
Full medals
Full Medames is the main dish of Egypt, dating back to the fourth century.
It is a salad or hot dish that is usually eaten for breakfast as part of an Arabic meze.
Meze is a set of small dishes that are served together.
Full medames contains beans.
Visitors often add to taste tomatoes, lemon juice, parsley, onions, salt and olive oil.
Falafel
Many believe that falafel originated in Egypt, but there are those who claim that this dish was first found in India.
Egyptian falafel can be eaten for breakfast with eggs, lavash and cheese, well, or at any other meal.
Falafel is quite a hearty dish, since the balls are made of beans, various spices and herbs.
After the ingredients are combined and formed into balls, falafel is fried to make a delightfully crunchy dish.
Hamam Mahshi (stuffed young pigeon)
Hamam Mahshi is a special dish of pigeons.
This dish can be found in most elite restaurants.
Young pigeons are pickled and stuffed with ingredients such as rice, frike, cinnamon, cumin, poultry by-products and nuts.
Traditionally, this is a festive dish that is grilled or baked.
Can alcohol be consumed in Egypt?
Although Egypt is an Islamic majority country and practicing Muslims do not drink alcoholic beverages, alcohol can still be purchased and consumed in most of Egypt.
The sale and consumption of alcohol is prohibited in most public places and shops in Egypt, but tourists can still drink in hotels and other accommodations approved by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism.
Beer is the most popular and widespread alcoholic beverage in Egypt.
Although you can find imported alcohol here, it is much cheaper to drink local drinks, and by the way, they are not bad.
Food is as important in travel as attractions, as it can tell us a lot about culture, history and geography if you just think about local dishes and the reasons for their appearance.
We hope you enjoyed our article about food in Egypt.
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Title:

Content: REPORTS
Burning the Holy Books
Oh my gosh, my gosh.
One of the bad acts that increase fanaticism and extremism is the burning of heavenly books, even fanaticism, atonement and the burning of dead bodies, the issue of burning holy books exists among the followers of religions.
Among them are those who consider the burning of shrines, churches, monasteries, Husseiniyas and mosques, and the captivity of children and women and the beheadings of the best works close to God Almighty.
The great calamity is that the kings and presidents of the Arab countries have been able to use their money and their relations in the possibility of legislating a law in the United Nations and the European Union criminalizing abuse, whether burning the holy books or insulting the prophets and messengers of the three monotheistic religions. Especially Gulf leaders, some of them are in the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, but is in fact a traitor of the Two Holy Mosques, a racist extremist who burned copies of the Holy Quran in the Kingdom of Denmark, the constitutions of Western countries do not have a constitutional text that prevents the abuse of the Islamic and Christian religion, there is a text in the constitutions of Europe criminalizing anti-Semitism and the Jewish religion.
The Jewish organizations used their influence to legislate the law of anti-Semitism, and thanks to this law everyone who thinks of insulting the Jewish religion was reined in, so there is the OIC and the Saudi Wahhabi Muslim World League, they have billions, they have committees for Muslim-Christian-Jewish dialogue, and they can submit a bill to the European Union and the United Nations criminalizing anyone who offends the sanctities of the three monotheistic religions. But my proposal was ignored, because the members of the committees from the Islamic side are not serious about legislating laws that prevent the phenomenon of insulting Islam, because the abuse has become useful shops to fuel hatred.
The case of burning the Koran in Sweden this time was carried out by an Iraqi Christian, this person may be one of the victims of the crime of the Wahhabi organizations, Daesh Takfiri, according to what I read on the Internet sites, an Iraqi Christian from the city of Mosul, abandoned from Iraq during the era of the caliphate of ISIS terrorist, the person is applying for political asylum in the Kingdom of Sweden. In Britain, he made statements and wrote tweets offensive to Islam and to the Supreme Marja ’ iyya and harassed the person of the Prophet and the person of Imam Ali and was subjected to campaigns of threats, and his aim was to copy the publications to be submitted to the immigration departments to obtain political or humanitarian asylum, but was not granted, and was deported to Erbil in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Perhaps the reason for this Iraqi person to burn the Koran in Sweden wants to obtain asylum, but without a doubt this behavior is wrong, and a very high percentage of Iraqi Christian brothers against this person ’ s behavior, so extremism and intolerance include individuals and groups of all religions.
The Iraqi government can submit a request for the return of this Iraqi person to be tried in Iraq and presented to a medical committee to find out whether this person is sane or mentally ill, according to what I read on social media that the President of the Supreme Judicial Council instructs the Presidency of the Public Prosecution and in coordination with the First Karkh Investigation Court to complete the legal procedures to request the recovery of the person who burned the Quran. An angry crowd, against the Swedish embassy in the capital Baghdad, demanding at the same time the federal government to expel the Swedish ambassador.
We need the Iraqi government and the governments of the Gulf countries to legislate a law in the United Nations and in the European Union to prevent and punish the abuse of the three monotheistic religions, burning the holy books or insulting the prophets and messengers, and the Iraqi government should open an investigation through the Iraqi judiciary about the actions of the Iraqi citizen Silwan Mumika, and issue a judicial decision and a government decision.
Abusers, trifles, psychopaths and those seeking asylum in other countries or fame by provoking the feelings, beliefs and sanctities of millions of people, these weak souls are everywhere, but they must be deterred and restricted by the law and prevent them from committing their abuses and publicizing their trifles and achieving their goals.
And Islamic in exploiting such actions to issue a resolution by the United Nations to criminalize the abuse of the three monotheistic religions and to put an end to the abuse of the Koran and the Prophet Muhammad through international laws and not through chaos.
Independent Iraqi writer and journalist.
30 / 6 / 2023
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God bless you and bless you for this wonderful speech by spreading the banner of truth and reversing the banner of falsehood.
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M: May God have mercy on Dr. Hasib al-Obeidi and make his resting place paradise was one of the best of the men of Iraq...
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Ali Kim: The people do not know the fate of this man, and if the son of a lion had no niqab other than the muqith, they would have sufficed!
One day...
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His name is Maarouf and his grave is Manasseh Alkamit bin Zaid
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Title:

Content: About the shabby existence...
And the proud lament.
Fahad Suleiman Al-Shuqairan
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He is a human being; he is a dead man.
It has a great rapture, because when you talk about it you feel like you have paid off a debt.
When you do that, you listen to your selfish self more than you pay attention to it.
When people are asleep, when they die, they become aware of the beauty and character of the human being after death, in search of self-immortality, when the dead become an interesting subject, and tempting to write.
As Abdul Rahman Badawi said, “Arabs are fond of following funerals. ”
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There is a state of flaunting the knowledge of the dead, putting the picture with him, milking memories even if they are few, bringing back tears, all in order to prove the relation of the living to his death.
If only my hair had stayed up for a night, and some of them lamented generously like Khansaa in the lamentation of her brother Sakhar, and in the modern poetry of the lamentation of Jawahiri with his brother, in the lamentation of truth, in which he flattered, and in which he used, and in which he reviewed, and every text and his truthfulness. His joy and vitality, or his failure.
Some consider that true lamentation is difficult but possible, and therefore it is mentioned and dated to him, when you lose a dear, it is difficult for you to talk about him, because he and the event are bigger than the word, and difficult to language.
Even today I do not understand when a man depicts himself next to a patient, declaring that he knows him, or when he puts his picture with him after his death as his friend, while before his death he may have insulted him, not contacted him, or conspired against him.
In a poem by Mahmoud Darwish: “They love me dead to say: It was from us, and it was for us.
I heard the same line, 20 years ago, knocking on the wall of the night.
Come and open the door.
But she's coming in now.
There are three of them: a poet, a murderer, a reader.
Do you not drink wine?
I asked.
We'll drink.
They said.
"When you shoot the bullets."
They want you dead to be excommunicated, and they want you out of their competition to say the most beautiful thing about you; lamentation is somewhere — not all of it — in which there is transcendent selfishness, and in which there is contempt for the event of death.
We all read a lot of hereditary poems, eulogies, and farewell phrases, but one of the rarest doors of wealth in Arabic poetry is the door of lamentation; because it needs honesty, and poetry is its sweetness in its lies.
Since some of the lamentations are immortal, as in limited and specific models in the history books of literature, we have learned that this field is rugged because it requires honesty, and those who truly know the dead are difficult to mourn except for a few poets throughout history.
But there are those who ride the wave of the event to prove its impact, to shed crocodile tears on the grave, or to please the masses.
He who has truly lost a loved one knows that lamentation is a difficult high to pass on.
Al-Mutanabbi lamented his grandmother, who is like his mother, but at the end of the poem he became bored, and he praised himself saying:
I am a people like them.
It has a nose that dwells in flesh and bone.
As for the prodigal saying:
He even threw me in the dark.
My heart is in a cloud of arrows.
And if I were hit by arrows,
The blades were broken on the blades.
Jaber Asfour comments on the text: “Here he begins his poem with a neutral attitude, as he does not praise disasters or events, nor denounce them, for events or disasters if they strike at us, it is not ignorance. It is not a dream of her, and if she ceases to harm, it is not a dream of her, because the act in all of this is attributed to God Almighty, but rather the deeds are attributed to her by way of metaphor and metaphor, thus creating a metaphor. God created them, and began them in such a way that every one of his creatures must not decrease as well as increase, so that no one is guilty of calamities until the poet reviles and praises them. He says to his grandmother in a sign of admiration, describing her as“ bereaved by her lover, killed by longing, honored by this lover who killed his grandmother, as if she were longing for him. ” She longed for the one who was rewarded for her longing, and her reward was only with patience, and her grandson had only patience for what had happened to her death. That ’ s why this beloved longed for her. To the chalice of death from which his grandmother drank, and the earth that contained her body, which was nostalgic for her than the life she lived, she endured her longing for him and his alienation. The poem becomes more subjective when we reach the fifth house, and the poet tells us about crying for his grandmother in her life, fearing her death, but death was closer to her. of his longing. ”
The Mutanabbi never inherited anyone but praised himself, and never praised anyone except for the sake of praising himself, but glorified his history, mentioned his merits, and placed the dead high because he was part of it.
Simply put, we humans close our eyes to ourselves, this great distortion, self-boasting, considering others as margins and we are material, considering the departed as subjects and we are writers, it is a great vice when this tragic tendency of meaning is manifested.
In lamentation is a frightening trick, as if the laureate breathes a sigh of relief that the one who laments him is concerned and displaced.
It ’ s scary to be hereditary, it ’ s terrifying to be lamented, it ’ s the pinnacle of high selfishness, the pinnacle of existential vile when you feel vanity and vanity writing a poem about a dead person.
And some of them are considered to be idolatrous, and some of them are considered to be sentimental in general, because man by nature considers that death to others and not to him, passes through them and does not pass through him.
Those who intend to lament others should lament their own situation. The great pride we see in boasting, rivalry, fighting of souls, conflicts, increasing anger, the intensity of hatred, the deterioration of words, and the existential lament in all its meanings. When you read the lamentations of some to the departed, you feel that you are reading to a saint, while distortion fills what is on her.
The laureate must look his face in the mirror, and contemplate whether he is worthy to say of a dead man, who has fallen into his absence, one quality.
Death does not concern only the departed, but the only thing that unites people apart from lying and screaming is death.
In the words of Pavisi in her poem, Death will come: “Death will come.
He will have your eyes. ”
Moving from the Middle East
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Content: ARTICLES
The cows are similar to us.
Your father Sam.
The idea of   the article depends on the fact that the war consists of several battles, so we had to think about what battles we are fighting today with our main enemy as a nation to know where we failed; by comparing the possibilities it was assumed that we, as Arabs and Muslims, were able to resolve all battles a long time ago.
In the previous article, we talked about the importance of knowing the enemy so that we can confront it, as well as about the difficulties that we will face as we search for information concerning the Zionist enemy, and that the best result that can be reached is public information that is often old and misleading!
Is it possible that we are living as we claim in the age of the information revolution?
And before you get excited, my dear, let me ask you what you know about the family that is not called 10,000, but controls the entire economy of the world.
What do you know about the Bermuda Triangle, Freemasonry, the Illuminati, Kabbalah, and other names that we know about only theories and videos that only increase our ignorance of the most serious misinformation that humanity has faced throughout all time!!
To begin with, we must understand that mystery is part of their creed; all their rituals and actions, their books, their homes, and even their clothes express something unrelated to what is visible to others!
You will find this starting from their communities in the Diaspora as they call it; they live in communities called “ghettos ” that express their attempt to isolate themselves from the rest of humanity; in their belief they consider themselves human, the rest are inferior beings, and that (God) created“ others ” to serve them!
Even (God) or (Jehovah) is not the Creator we know, and this explains the meaning of the letter (G) which symbolizes the God of the Masons (Engineer)..
And while we know that the Israelites were 12 bellies, they believe that they are 13 tribes, and this you will find in most of their rituals, and even in the American eagle emblem if you count the number of leaves, bayonets, or stars that surround the eagle!
I ’ m going to try to summarize as much as possible what I want to talk about here, even though it ’ s difficult.
Do not rely too much on the information you find on the Internet; in my opinion, the Jews are not the chosen people of God as they claim, but they are the "confused" people of God, they themselves walk after their leadership with an absolute surrender they envy, and all the calls for democracy and freedom mean nothing. Israel is among the top five entries in the world!
The idea I would like to point out in this article is that while searching for information you will be shocked by the contradictions that are constantly changing, and this is not only about us, but that there is a roller coaster policy regarding information, and even about the Jews themselves!
Starting from the contradictions among the Torah, which is considered a holy book, with the Talmud written by their pontiffs and possesses the same sanctity as the Torah!
With your deep search you will find that the information and statistics are constantly changing, and if you try to find a firm base to start searching from it you will not find; the Jew knows only about his role, as well as Freemason and Noorani..
Access to the executors themselves other than these categories, such as the Pope, politicians, research and studies centers, etc.
Everyone is waiting for what is coming from the top of the pyramid, which no one knows what it is!
But, despite all this, there are things that they can not overcome; even if their plot is from which the mountains disappear, but the constant thing is what we have come from God in the Qur ’ an, and this is what led them to go astray towards it, and this explains why they began centuries ago to spread their poison towards the Qur ’ an and its interpretation and to develop conversations that contradict it. The Qur ’ an, the dispersal of Muslims and the removal of people from the law of Allah, has varied forms of this attack from scholars, leaders, schools, doctrines and other means that perform the same role!
In order not to get lost further, we will talk in the next article about one of these battles that we must win: the demographic battle.
Please continue reading, even if I bore you so much, the main goal for all of us is to understand.
Because I am very forgetful, I have neglected things that I had said that I would talk about, so I will give you quick information about them, and I will leave you the process of searching for them to those who wanted to increase:
Golem: In their creed, they are clay, human-like beings whose function is to serve the Jewish people.
Kabbalah (Qabala): A secret "spiritual doctrine" based primarily on magic, in which rituals are strange, inhuman and contrary to the divine laws.
Melody Cow: A cow whose birth is believed by Jews to be completely red is a sign from God to begin the demolition of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the construction of their alleged temple, and is currently being attempted in the United States.
Clay tablets, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Abdul Malik Sam
- [Laughs]
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COMMENTS
Abu Hassanein: The situation of the Arabs is deplorable from where they found in the land in the ignorance were warring tribes and fragmented and their civilization looting and looting.
Subject:
Why are Arabs so miserable?
Rh.
N: It is with great regret that those who represent the Shiite component of leaders and politicians did not rise to the level that qualifies them to be servants.
Subject:
The frame is our frame.
NADHIM ALAMARA: There is a mistake in the history of the first demolition...
Subject:
The story of the destruction of the graves of the imams of Baqi..
May Allah have mercy on the deceased and the mercy of his fathers and grandfathers, may Allah have mercy on our dead and the dead of Muslims, especially those who do not believe in Islam.
Subject:
The death of His Eminence Sayyid Sadiq Al-Hakim, son of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Baqir
Abu Hassanein: It is known and known at the time of cartridges that the clan of Saddam when they came to Tikrit, they expelled them from it and they camped and inhabited...
Subject:
Oh, yeah, yeah
The graveyard is not an Iraqi.
Muhammad al-Saabri: The sanctity is divided into two parts.
Self-sanctity, which is not subject to the variables and circumstances surrounding it, such as the issue of time and ugliness.
Subject:
How did Adam ’ s children reproduce, how did they get married, and who are their wives?
PART 1
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The spiritual and cultural significance of cats in ancient Egyptian society is profound and multifaceted, influencing religious practices, legal systems, and daily life.

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Content: Islamic Page
Pharaoh and his family in the Holy Quran (v. 13)
Dr. Fadhel Hassan Sharif
Moses said to Pharaoh, “The people of Pharaoh said, ‘ I will forgive Moses and his people so that they will corrupt the land and leave you and your gods. ’ ” Moses said to his people," Seek the help of God and be patient, for the earth belongs to God who will inherit it from his servants and the punishment for the pious. "They said,“ We were hurt before you came to us, and after you came to us, your Lord said, ‘ May your enemy destroy you and succeed you in the land, and see how you do. ’ ” (Al-A ’ raf 127-129)
It is because of ignorance, tyranny, and love of control as a result of the corruption of an individual such as Pharaoh and the group surrounding him. “He was one of the spoilers ” (4).
Those who follow this tyrannical individual or group as a result of the fact that their parents and their clan followed the tyrannical masters, and when it was said to them, follow what God sent down, they said, "We will follow what our fathers found on us. 21 And when Our signs were recited unto them, they said, This is but a man who wants to repel you from what your fathers used to worship. But they said," We found our fathers on a nation, and we are guided by their traces "(Al-Zukhruf, 22).
The Qur ’ an speaks of two conditions that must be met in the preachers: patience and certainty, especially in the time of distress and distress, as happened with Moses when the sea was before him and Pharaoh and his army behind him and the two armies were seen. My Lord will guide me ” (The Poets, 61-62).
Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn, peace be upon him, said: “The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) sent the truth as a bearer of good news and a warner, for the innocent are the people of the House and their Shiites are like Moses and his Shiites, and our enemy and their Shiites are like Pharaoh and his Shiites. ”
The wrongdoers are the evildoers who weaken the people with their Shiites and sects after the weakness of the Aziz of every Shiites and sect. Indeed, Pharaoh is on the earth and made its people a Shiites who weaken a group of them, slaughtering their sons and reviving their women. “He was one of the spoilers ” (4).
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The pious is my religion and the religion of my fathers, and there is no religion for those who do not fear Him, and the pious is Allah ’ s shield in the earth, because the believer of the family of Pharaoh if he shows Islam to kill. ”
In order for God to show His care and kindness to Moses more, and also to give the opportunity for deviants to be guided more, he told Moses that his miracles were not limited to the two above miracles, but "in nine verses to Pharaoh and his people, they were people." The Ants 12.
It is clear from the appearance of the verse that these two miracles are out of a total of nine miracles "verses" (Ant 12) Moses known, and we have deduced this from verse (101) of Surat Al-Isra, and that the other seven miracles are: (1) the flood, (2) the locusts, (3) the multiplicity of frogs, (4) the color of the Nile River as blood, (5) the pests in plants.
Each of these five signs was a warning to Pharaoh and his people, and they turned to Moses.
The other two miracles are 6- the "years" drought (130 AD) and 7- and the lack of fruits.
In verse 130 of Sura Al-A ’ raf, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “We have taken the Pharaoh ’ s family for years and a lack of fruits, that they may remember ” (Al-A ’ raf 130), as stated in verse 101 of Sura Al-Isra. Then ask the children of Israel when he came to them, and Pharaoh said to him," I think you, O Moses, are enchanted. "
And when our signs came to them, they said, "This is a clear magic."
"We have sent Moses nine clear signs, so ask the children of Israel when he came to them, and Pharaoh said to him, 'I think you are enchanted, Moses.'" The Lord of the heavens and the earth is seeing, and I think that you, Pharaoh, are bearing fruit. (102) He wanted to provoke them from the earth. We drowned him and all those with him. (103) We said after him to the children of Israel. And when the promise of the last comes, we will bring you a wave (104) in the beginning: “We have certainly given Moses nine clear signs ” (101).
Ask the Messenger of Allah, may Allah 's peace and blessings be upon him, and deliver the children of Israel before your people: "Ask the children of Israel when he comes to them" (Isra 101).
But Pharaoh did not surrender to the truth, but rather accused Moses, and Pharaoh said to him, "I think you are enchanted, Moses."
The Qur ’ an says: “Verily, Pharaoh and his people accused Moses of sorcery. ”
But another part of the commentators kept the word "enchanted" in its actual meaning, which means the person who was influenced by the sorcerer, as is derived from the verse (39) of Sura al-Dhariyat, which attributed magic to him, and madness also, "so he turned his blessing and said a sorcerer or a madman" (Al-Dhariyat 39).
In any case, the Quranic expression reveals the inflammatory propaganda method used by the arrogant and accusing the divine men because of their Lord ’ s reform movement against corruption and injustice, where oppressors and tyrants describe their miracles as magic or call them crazy in order to influence the hearts of the people and separate them from the prophets.
Moses said, “You know what I have sent down except the Lord of the heavens and the earth is seeing ” (Isra 102).
Therefore, Pharaoh, you know clearly that you deny the facts, even though you know that they are from God, these are “insights ” (Isra 102), which are clear evidence for people to learn by them the way of truth.
And when they take the path of happiness.
And you, Pharaoh, know the truth and deny it, and I think that you, Pharaoh, are persevering.
It ’ s a sign of death, and it means destruction.
But Pharaoh was not able to stand against the strong inferences of Moses, so he went along the path of all the irrational tyrants in all the centuries and all the tornadoes, and that said, "He wanted to provoke them from the earth, and we drowned him and everyone with him."
(Provoking) Provocation means directing with force and violence.
After this great victory, we said after him to the children of Israel, "Stay on the earth, and when the promise of the last comes, we will bring you a fief" (Isra 104).
They will come in groups on the day of reckoning.
"Lviv" is a twisting substance, and here it means a complex nested group, so that no one knows who they are, nor what tribe they are from.
What is the difference between the Qur ’ an and the Qur ’ an, and what is the difference between the Qur ’ an and the praise of the Qur ’ an and the praise of the Qur ’ an?
So why do we praise Thee so much and remember Thee so much? (33: 34)
First, the mention is more general than praise and praise is a mention.
It is more general and includes praise, praise and cheering, it is more general and praise is part of it.
All praise is greater than all praise, not all praise.
He did not give you much time to remember. ” (41: 41)
When it comes to prayer, time is allotted.
But why did he offer the praise in the verse of Taha "so that we may praise you so much (33) and remember you so much (34)" (33)?
Moses said, “Our Lord, we fear that we will be overthrown or overthrown ” (Taha 45).
And praise shall be delivered from grief, and it shall be delivered from anguish, and our Lord shall tell.
When Moses was in a state of fear, he said, "How can we praise you so much?" (Taha 33: 33) He began to worry, to mourn, and to be saved from fear.
Praise is more important than the mention and the mention is more general.
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Content: Interview with Ip Yu-tung, author of "Cat Swordsman: Edo Story: The Twelve Lives of Oiran": Oiran is a beautiful and mysterious cultural symbol, but also reflects the human heart
Photo Credit: The Times Publishing
What we want you to know is
There are so many hidden cats in the world.
In order to find the life of his cat god, Cat Sword Kebu and the Chinese "Shanhai Sutra" painter rushed to Yulan, and embarked on a journey to find other cat gods.
Text: Ye Yu-tung
【 Author Interview 】
The Cat God universe adventure series,
Japan, Taiwan... the cat gods of all civilizations of the world,
Comic Book 1 is on the way!
“If there is anything eternal in the world, there is only God.
The only thing that can be left is to paint with my brush. ”
A painter who uses his paintings to record history but loses himself.
A cat with an ancient sword who wants to find who he is.
The two travel through history to unravel the legendary adventures of Cat Gods from all over the world!
Q: Why do you want to create the concept of the cat god?
A: "Cat Swordsman" is a long-form comic book that I serialized on the Internet in 2015. After the first series of "Cat Swordsman" in 2019, I had the idea of expanding the universe of the cat god.
"Cat Swordsman" is a work based on the Chinese Geographical Biography "Shanhai Sutra", and the image of monsters in the "Shanhai Sutra", such as the image of human head and beast body, often coincides with the image of many monsters in the world map, perhaps the strange monsters in the "Shanhai Sutra" are related to the world......
In addition, the cat sword Kebu is based on a wonderful creature named “Kind ” in the Book of the Mountain and Sea, which is said to be like a beast and has a fashionable shape, and its name is“ Kind ”, which is written in the book of the Mountain and Sea Sutra.
I started a project to study the legends and myths of cats around the world, and wrote about the Egyptian cat god, the Chinese cat god, the Tibetan cat god, the Indian cat god, and the Taiwanese cat god.
I didn ’ t know that the data was too large, so my work has been delayed for two years … I don ’ t know.
During this period, many things happened between himself and the world. In addition to the outbreak of the epidemic, his heart also suffered because of the bottleneck in his creation.
To paint moving works, you must throw yourself naked and unreservedly to others. Even if I paint fantasy works, I must convey the real voice of my life to others. Thank you so much for buying this book, as well as the friends who accompanied me and gave me the subject matter and life experience.
• Q: Why did you choose the Edo period? Is there really a cat god, Hakuyun? Why did you choose Oiran as the protagonist of this story?
A: The story of Cat and Bo Yun is based on the Japanese story of the Lucky Cat. The story of the Lucky Cat has a lot of wild history. I just took every piece of wild history as a material, and then compiled my own values and the themes I wanted to paint.
I chose the Edo period because I wanted to incorporate the life story of the painter Katsura Kitasai. As a painter, how does he see the world? This is also a topic that interests me.
In addition, when I found out that her daughter Gezhu should have a record of painting the Spring Palace, I imagined that in the conservative society at that time, what was the public ’ s view of such a topic as a daughter ’ s body painting? So I put together the things I like to describe to complete this story.
Oiran in my eyes is a beautiful and mysterious cultural symbol, and for me, Oiran also reflects the human heart, learning the flowerways, dance, and book, dressing themselves up beautifully, seemingly perfect appearance, as if wearing a mask, that is not the real self.
Therefore, in addition to inserting the hairpin on the head like an oiran, Bo Yun also inserted twelve swords into the body to express the things that are carried, and each sword is a life, and each one is pulled out will bear a sharp pain, and people always have to bear some pain that they know.
Even if a lot of pain is unnecessary, due to one ’ s own mentality and self-blame, it will still be like this in the world.
I still remember seeing the film “The Fantastic Drift of Young Pi ” directed by An-An Lee, which has a paragraph:
I still cannot understand how he could abandon me so unceremoniously, without any sort of goodbye, without looking back even once.
That pain is like an axe that chops at my heart.
(I still can ’ t understand how he could just abandon me so casually, without any kind of goodbye, not even turning back.)
The pain is like an axe going straight to the heart.)
Although the situation is different, but this passage makes me think of the inner feelings of women injured in love, I want to portray such feelings, that is the conflict of spears and shields, because of the fear of injury and thus armed themselves, but hurt the pain of others.
I visited young people I met in Taipei, some people choose tattoos to avoid their forgetting, some people have tattoos but want to wash it off, no matter what kind, I think this psychological state is very beautiful and full of stories.
Another choice of chrysanthemum, in fact, is to read the book "chrysanthemum and knife", this book is the perspective of the Americans during World War II, recording the contradictions in Japanese culture, such a contrast psychology is very delicate and full of sensitive and neurotic components, very interesting.
• Q: The main character of this time, the painter of the “Shanhai Sutra ”, is she a painter, and is she based on the author ’ s adaptation?
A: Whether it is the cat sword Kebu or the kaburan, they are all part of me. I hope that through the role of the kaburan, I can tap into my questions about creativity and life.
In the content of the fifth and sixth episodes of the first season of "Cat Swordsman", Yuran once said, "When I have nothing, I only have paintings."
In addition to this sentence, she also uses pictures to describe the world she sees, painting is the value of the existence of Yulan, and it is also the way she communicates and interacts with the world.
She is a character born for painting, whether it is the ability that appeared in the first story comics, the naming of the "Gathering Spirit Painting Plum Bone Method", and her new ability in the next episode of the story, are based on traditional ink painting techniques.
In addition, this character also takes the white jade orchid flower as the core of the concept. The white jade orchid flower language is pure love, and the clean and flawless petals symbolize pure and precious love. I will use the role of jade orchid to say this line:
"The flower will fade with time, we can't leave any eternity, any moment, can only use the creation to remember her appearance."
We will all grow old, and love may deteriorate, but what I have drawn you may be preserved for eternity. "
Book Introduction
This excerpt is from The Cat Swordsman: Edo, The Twelve Lives of Oiran, published by The Times.
Author: Ye Yutong
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A new generation of ink cartoonists, two years of masterpieces;
The Legend of the Eastern Fairy Warrior in the Mountains and Seas of the East!
Exploring the universe of cats —
The Cat Swordsman ’ s New Adventure!
New Series Volume 1, Unveiling the Legend of the Japanese Treasure Cat God!
In the eastern part of the city,
The Hundred Years of Cat Demon...
There are so many hidden cats in the world.
In order to find his own cat god, Cat Sword Kebu and the Chinese "Shanhai Sutra" painter rushed to Yulan, embarking on a journey to find other cat gods.
When they arrived in the Edo period, they unexpectedly met the floating painter Katsuru Kitasai, and became involved in the theft of the twelve tailed cats. The cat also lives in the flower street, incarnated as a beauty prostitute, and the samurai who once saw her true face, either died or disappeared.
In the face of a cat with superb swordsmanship and multiple lives, how will Kobu Kobu, the cat sword, take back the famous painting “The Surge of Kanagawa ” and save the life of Katsushi Kitasai?
Editor-in-Chief: Weng Shihang
Editor-in-chief: Wang Zupeng
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Next life as a cat.
As soon as I entered the bedroom, I saw the little thing, less than a foot from me, with its back against the door, hiding its triangular face in the corner between the wall and the closet.
He carefully folded his long tail and wrapped his body around it, as if he were hugging himself, still hairy, round, fat, from a certain point of view, full of cats.
It ’ s like a cat, but it ’ s a mouse.
He does not move, his small black eyes are staring straight at the wall, as if as long as he does not move, as long as he can not see me or the cat, the years can continue to be quiet. He uses his tail circle to hold himself, if he can, maybe he will pray.
Every animal may have its own god, otherwise how do we survive the most terrifying moment of life?
For example at this moment.
At this moment, Chaplin, who had driven him into despair, was sleeping in my bed, and did not move.
This victor is bright, black and white, his beard is strong, and when he sleeps, his masculinity is turned into a kind of round finger, like water, with all kinds of posture.
Chaplin is physiologically a benscat, and in my mind, "he" is a person, just like me.
Every time I smelled his feet and rubbed his nose, I knew calmly and soberly that I was not a rational woman.
At this moment, Chaplin used a long black tail to circle the body into a ball, the snow-white feet filled the eye mask to cover his eyes, he put up the sharp claws, feet like flowers, also like "one point too fat, one point less too thin" of the meat ball, there is a kind of melted tenderness.
He sleeps peacefully.
I resisted kissing him, not because I was angry, but because I had to suspect he was too dirty.
A cat that has just caught a mouse, how can it not be dirty? Usually, even if it is not, he has three days to catch butterflies, dragonflies, cockroaches, geckos back, I often look at the ground wing fragments, tail, feet, guessing who disappeared from the earth today.
My cabin ghost chirped, but I can only open my eyes, after all, as a once stray cat, he knows every day to go home to sleep, is already a very high praise for me.
How dare a cat ask for more?
But his ambition is growing.
Chaplin would be useless if he were a man, but he was a cat. Cats can do whatever they want.
He eats, drinks, and sleeps in my house, and the only obligation is to sleep with him, but not always, depending on his mood. For example, yesterday, he wanted to sleep on the sofa, how I pleaded, he would never look at me, I took him to bed, he jumped up like a spring, shaking his hair, and went away.
Even if he sleeps in my bed, he does not sleep flat with me, he always sleeps on the big pillow on the bed, a section higher than me, and even if I lie flat, I have to look up to him.
The mouse was brought back.
This is not the first one, the last one, when I came home, had been slain on the carpet at the bathroom door.
It was bigger than this one, like a small cat.
This one looks like a two-month-old cat, and is alive, with undulating breasts.
When Chaplin came to my house, he was about two or three months old.
Friends picked him up and sent him with a cage, he was so thin that only a layer of fur was left on the bone shelf of the cat, but the temper was very big, there was no point to compromise with the world, like a small indignation, not free to die, crashing into the cage for days and nights, and the roar was finally not meow, husky like a dog.
He hit my heart hurt, had to let him out, a thought of benevolence, the disaster began, he hid every day so that people could not see him, but left urine everywhere, even bookshelves, sofa are.
I almost collapsed and finally managed to hold on because I couldn ’ t bear to get him back on the streets.
The Bible says, “Love is patience and kindness, ” and I am a heretic who can ’ t do anything to people, and I am not without remorse to cats, and I am close to afflict them.
Once, holding my knee pain, I half crouched, kneeling and shoveling the cat sand, and looking up, I saw Chaplin sitting on the back of a sofa chair, high above, with his four feet curled up, looking down at me like a treasure shoveling his puckered shit and diapers. Cats do not laugh, but when I look at him, I can clearly see him laughing. My taming.
He called me out of bondage like a crook to me, and I was still very happy.
I often try to understand Chaplin ’ s world from the perspective of a cat. For example, everything is nothing but a toy. For him, whether it is a cockroach or a butterfly, whether it is beautiful or ugly, whether it is stupid, it is a living body for him to play in the world.
Once, I saw him sitting in the dining chair shaking his head and looking closer, it turned out that he was pressing a big tooth, and I drank "no", he thought I was going to snatch it, and immediately dropped his mouth and tore it open alive.
He is the black and white of them.
Even from the cat ’ s point of view, I still don ’ t understand.
One night, when I saw Chaplin enter the door, there was something in his mouth, but he went straight to the water bowl to drink water, presumably very thirsty, but there was something in his mouth, how to drink water?
Curiosity made me jump out of bed and check the water bowl, scared, there is a dead cockroach floating in it, this is what he just brought back, but, why does he put the dead cockroach in the water bowl and drink water directly? To catch, play, eat them, enjoy it? Maybe Chaplin just wants to drink a little tea-flavoured tea, said the daughter.
This little stray cat has been living on the streets since childhood with cockroaches. When he first came to my house, he still had to hunt three or four birds in the yard every day. Now he is mainly playing, and he also eats a few mouthfuls of cockroach fat belly.
And occasionally making a bowl of cockroach tea may also be just his "homesickness."
Like the daughter in the United States for ten years, still do not like coffee, want to drink tea.
Mice, for a cat, should be more capable of evoking homesickness in the blood.
At the moment, there is a mouse like a cat in my house, and I can ’ t help but shout in the crowd group line at home.
My mother was the first to say to me, "Miss, congratulations, Chaplin is not a white breed, this is a good cat."
I held back and said, "Ma'am, he's not catching mice for my house, he's catching live mice from the outside."
My mother insisted: "No matter where he catches them, the one who catches mice is a good cat."
I looked back at the rat who was in the same room with me, and he was still staring at the wall, thinking that I could not see him, and that the style was not moving.
And I, a hundred and sixty centimeters, sixty kilos of me, why should I be frightened by a small mouse with only a few hundred grams of sweat? Like a cat, a mouse is also a mammal, hairy, round, if not its tail is scaly, in fact, quite cute.
Rats are dirty? That is because no one takes care of them, and the street rats are shouted at, forcing them to hide in a trench, a damp corner, and the sun is not seen, and bacteria and viruses are covered in such a way.
If someone raises it, loves it, sterilizes it, deworms it, controls it, vaccinates it, it should also be a furry, hot, cute pet.
Do rats bite?
You can't see that my cat also grabbed the sofa and bedspread so badly that the guests did not dare to sit down.
Rats need to grind their teeth, and cats need to grind their claws, generally no two, not sin.
The wisdom of a mouse is never inferior to that of a cat. I once saw a girl at the talent show who trained a mouse to ride a mini bike and jump in circles.
Although I have seen cats trained like dogs, it is more that cats train people to be obedient.
I believe that the brains of mice and cats are comparable, but the mouse lacks the love that people have for cats.
I had four cats before and after, all abandoned children, when I first came, a face with tears and snot, hair is messy, touching hands, no better than this mouse in front of me, but as long as the maintenance of a month or two, their hair is oily and bright, smooth and smooth, enough to make a moisturizing advertisement.
When they bask in the sun at my desk by the window, each hair tip shines with a silver glow, which is very healing. I always think it is love that gives them the confidence to get the oil flowing, and even their triangular faces have a honey cream flowing from their cheeks to their moustaches.
And rats in the gutter don ’ t have that chance.
They are called domestic rats, but they are not welcomed by people. They have no pet rat value. They can only eat the residue of the sewer every day. If they have the opportunity to enter people to eat a little meal or farm food, what is the crime? They do not know that this is “stealing ”. They even have to pay for their lives. Rats eat only to live, not because they are greedy.
It is called a house mouse, but the house is their forbidden place, but they do not know, and this mouse only sniffed the air from the sewer, and was bitten and killed by a house cat, dragged into his house, and the cat was praised. Mouse, Ho Koo?
At this moment, life and death are connected.
Who can love a mouse like a cat?
I asked Amy, who was taking care of my father, for help, and she immediately arrived and brought a rat cage.
The mouse had to open its eyes, it naturally did not want to go to the bed to hide in a pile of miscellaneous goods, Ami was afraid that he would sneak under the bed, take the insecticide and spray it, hoping to knock it out, Ami said "I'm sorry you, I'm sorry" while spraying.
The mole cried in his sleep.
Jesus Christ, stop it.
This poor bastard has put me in such a difficult position.
He let me see clearly that I am just a common man, I firmly believe that a house mouse is no lower than a house cat, but at this moment I also know clearly that I can not at home to love a mouse with AIDS, like a cat.
A moment of confusion, Amy finally caught him, holding the cage and asked me: "What now? Do you want me to drown him in the water?" The daughter sent a text message, with sadness and indignation: "Can you not think that everything has not happened?" Let Caesar's return to Caesar, where it comes from, where it comes from.
I asked Amy to take it to the sewer and let it go as if nothing had happened.
It was self-deception, of course, that he had been played with half his life by Chaplin, and now he had been sprayed with a face insecticide, and everything was different.
He cried in his own body.
Amy took the mouse cage away, and I looked at the back of them, thinking about the life of the mouse lurking at the bottom of the ditch, eating garbage, food waste, not hunting, should not have created anything serious karma, if the next life, should be better than this life.
Does this mouse want to live?
Be a cat in the next life, domestic cat, do not stray.
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Burial hummingbird
Early in the morning, my husband and I routinely went to the backyard to inspect the growth of new plants and flowers.
Sir, I opened the door step by step and went out, standing on the terrace looking at a few pots of flowers and grass, and suddenly I heard him scream, "Why does this hummingbird die here?"
I quickly followed and saw a small hummingbird lying on the terrace.
I went into the house and took a piece of paper, which my husband carefully picked up. It is a very beautiful hummingbird, emerald feathers, red throat neck, which is the North American red throated hummingbird I most often see in the flowers.
I rushed into the house to get a glass of water and a straw.
I sucked a little drop of water through my straw into the bird ’ s long mouth in the hope that it would survive, but the hummingbird lay on the paper without any movement.
The man sighed, “He ’ s really dead, he can ’ t live. ” I still didn ’ t give up and put him on the patio with a piece of paper in the hope that he would come back to life.
We walked around the back yard and came back to check on the hummingbirds, still unmoved.
I finally realized that he was really dead, not as in the fairy tale, the bird fainted, fed him a few drops of water, and the bird would slow down, flapped its wings and fly away happily.
Looking at the hummingbird lying there, my heart was like a knife, but I still did not give up, and found a small box to protect it and wait for a miracle to happen.
After half a day, he still did not move, so we decided to bury him properly.
The gentleman dug a pit in the corner of the back yard, we carefully buried him, held a funeral for him, and recited the curse three times, wishing him all the way.
After the funeral, the husband said that not long ago, I found a dead mouse in my backyard, and I did not look at it, but the husband viciously swept it into the dense bushes on the edge of the yard, and his eyes were not clean, so that he and the dead leaves were turned into dust.
Mister laments that the fate of rats and hummingbirds is very different.
What is the way to do it? What is a rat, a vicious beast that burrows and steals food? How can it compare to a cute hummingbird?
Hummingbirds are the most beautiful scenery in my garden.
In early spring, there are birds of paradise, and in late spring, the plum blossoms bloom, and then the aloe, rose, garlic and bottle flowers open in turn. It is common for small hummingbirds to fly up and down the back yard to suck nectar. They are jade and fluttering, and the red scales of their throat sparkle in the sun, which is very beautiful.
Every time I go to the backyard to admire the flowers, the green shadow and red light often turn around in the flowers, so that the beautiful flowers are more vivid and fragrant, so that the quiet backyard suddenly live.
Looking out the window, I could see that one hummingbird was snorting in the aloe blossoms with its long, thin mouth. As it sucked up, another hummingbird flew in to argue with it for food, and two birds chatted and saw another. Suddenly, want to enjoy the benefits of the fisherman, then the three together, under the sun only see three green shadows dancing up and down.
In fact, there are dozens of aloe vera flowers, and there is no need to steal them.
The three birds are playing like children, laughing and laughing.
After a while, they suddenly fly away and disappear into the clear sky.
Then I went to the net and found out that the bees had a habit of fighting with each other.
My backyard has a large wall of bottle brushes, three or four meters wide, and more than one meter thick, when it blooms, it is full of red.
It is common to see three or four hummingbirds sipping nectar there at the same time.
Some are exhausted and fly to the holly tree next to rest, and some hide in the floral brush.
One day, I stood in front of the flowers looking for hummingbirds, inside and outside saw a total of seven, you can see that there are quite a lot of hummingbirds in this area.
Hummingbirds can be called the overactive children of birds. When they suck honey, their wings keep flapping, and the speed of vibration is extremely fast. This one sucks that touch, and flies around. They are not afraid of people, I often chase them to take photos, and the little hummingbirds never hide, sometimes even fly to me curiously, and flutter a pair of wings like a wave in front of my eyes. They fly very fast, often I raise my phone, and in the future I have to press the shutter, and they have shot out like arrows. Hummingbirds can stop in mid-air by drumming their wings, and sometimes they see hummingbirds flying back mischievously, as if playing with themselves.
I often see them performing in the air when I sit by the window and find them very cute.
Unfortunately, their bodies are so small that it is difficult to catch them flying.
There are many species of hummingbirds, most of which are emerald green, and the common ones are green through the body, or green with blue; some have white backs, and some have black spots on their white bellies.
The head has a blue red throat, a dark green red throat, and a green diphtheria.
I once saw a hummingbird with a yellow head, which is a rare species. The color of the hummingbird is brilliant in the sun, the green on the back is green and bright in the sun, and the red of the throat and neck is like a neon light.
When they fly into the shade of trees or flowers that do not shine the sun, the red shadow of the emerald light suddenly goes dark, and when you look at it from a distance, it becomes a small dark shadow.
In order to watch the hummingbirds, we have hung a sugar-water vase specially for feeding hummingbirds under the eaves.
The lively hummingbird stands on the vase rack, but it also obediently concentrates on smoking.
I sat at the window, more carefully watching the hummingbird, often a flashing red green shadow flying, once under the eaves, green feathers are not green, the red light suddenly turned black.
I once heard a friend say that the hummingbirds in her yard are black and very ugly.
One day I went to her backyard for tea, just in time to see a hummingbird looking for food in the flower, a little hummingbird flying out of the flowers, flapping its wings in mid-air.
I told a friend to look, it was a red-throated hummingbird, like an emerald shining in the sun, dazzling.
My friend couldn ’ t believe that this was the one I had just seen in the flowers.
I told her that there were many trees in her garden and the flowers were in the shade and there was no sunlight, so the hummingbirds she usually saw were dark.
My friend is aware of this.
Shopping in the backyard to see the flowers and birdwatching is the most enjoyable thing I do every day, who would have thought that today would be a bereavement for a hummingbird.
The whole day, I was in a bad mood, I don ’ t know why the hummingbird died on my terrace, I don ’ t think it accidentally hit the glass floor-to-ceiling window of my house? But the curtains are clearly drawn, and it can ’ t dash into the dark.
Is it the hummingbird that has a heart attack in the feeding room? So thoughtless for a day, nothing to do.
Buried hummingbird, I need time to calm down.
That night, I dreamed that I picked up the hummingbird that fell on the terrace and fed it a few drops of water, and the hummingbird turned over, its wings vibrated a few times and flew away.
I woke up immediately to find that it was just a dream.
Perhaps he has entered the reincarnation, and may he be reborn into a beautiful hummingbird and come to my backyard to suck nectar.
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#### Spiritual Connections to Cats

Cats in ancient Egypt were associated with several deities, most notably the goddess **Bastet**.

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Content: Russian Federation
Moscow
+ 14 °
A house.
Family8 September 2023 9: 39
Why cats steal bread from the table and grind their paws on an old sweater
Researchers have uncovered two secrets of our furry friends
It is important for a cat not to get food from a person, but to get it herself.
Photo by Shutterstock
Cats are very poorly studied animals.
They don't seem to have any luck.
Recently, an American magazine noted that there are no funds or grants for research on cats, while there is a huge amount of money for dogs.
Perhaps dogs are considered more useful in the national economy: they help the blind, graze livestock, guard houses.
But, most likely, cats who like to go unnoticed, simply inspired – with the help of hypnosis – to be left alone.
A joke.
As a result, even experts with a serious appearance spread myths about them.
For example, that they do not like the owners, but love to eat, that they are not very smart, and allegedly completely uncontrollable (I heard once from a good veterinarian the phrase “you can not convince a cat, but only deceive ”, and was shocked).
There are also frankly wild speculations, for example, that cats infect their owners with some bacteria that “make ” them love (and feed).
The other day, two studies came out at once, which reveal a couple of cat mysteries.
We're telling.
WHY DO THEY TURN US (AND OUR CLOTHES) WITH PAWS
In English, this is called “the cat kneads the dough ”.
It really does!
There is no Russian term.
But you already know what we're talking about.
The cat finds something soft (a blanket, an abandoned sweater, your stomach), begins to purr and alternately submerges its paws.
These actions remained a complete mystery to scientists, and while the experts are silent, veterinarians and bloggers tell who is in what big.
The first version is that it marks the territory.
On the pillows of her paws, they say, sweat glands, and here she leaves traces on the objects.
The second version is that of childhood.
When a kitten sucks its mother, it “massages ” her stomach in this way.
The memories are just amazing.
The cat then turns to them all his life.
Childhood, childhood, where you went, I want you back.
The third version is sexy.
The most common.
Imitation of sexual intercourse.
American zoologists delved into this question, and realized that the second version - children's - is not without reason.
But it's not that simple.
Animals have such a phenomenon - neotenia (simply "eternal childhood"), when the habits inherited from a tender age persist for life.
In dogs, this is expressed very original: it is noticed that puppies behavior is more like a wolf than an adult, trained animal.
That is, the puppy “remembers ” the biological past of its species.
All right, cats.
In fact, when a kitten eats its mother ’ s milk, it needs to knead its mother ’ s stomach to help the milk get out.
The cat is growing up.
Of course, she doesn ’ t expect the blanket or your stomach to suddenly splash with milk.
In general, the physiological meaning of the action is lost.
It remains psychological.
It was: "Mom, thank you, I am so delicious, so warm and good, I love you."
Now: "Master, thank you, you feed me so tasty, so love me, and I appreciate it."
Massaging your paws, the cat says: Thank you, I am so delicious, so warm and good, I love you
Photo by Shutterstock
There is, of course, a huge difference with dog behavior.
If the dog wants to thank the owner, she will rush into his hands and begin to lick his face.
Just, of course, no doubt what the animal wants to say.
If the cat experiences the same feelings, she finds a sweater, and begins to knead with her paws, and does not even look at the owner.
The man thinks: what does she want to say?
That she dug into my sweater?
And that's what she wants to say.
Thank you. Thank you.
Cats are masters of symbols, hints, they “make it clear ”, but do not shout about it.
Thus, if your cat kneads objects, including you, it indicates that everything is fine with it.
Some cats like to be stroked at such moments.
Some don't.
Others rejoice when you, without touching them, tell them something affectionate.
There are no others.
Everything is very individual.
And this individuality, science has not yet learned to read.
We just read the cover of a thick book called Cat Psychology.
Stole from the table.
WHY?
The eating behavior of cats is very strange.
Cats steal from the table, and if it is put in a bowl, it is not a fact that they will eat.
A well-fed cat can eat bread.
The cat licks condensed milk, but refuses sugar.
There's more to deal with and deal with.
A new study opens the door to a room called “What ’ s Good for a Cat. ”
Recently established fact: cats do not feel bitter.
That was to be expected.
Poisons of plants are often bitter.
Therefore, herbivores have developed the ability to feel bitterness so as not to be poisoned.
Cats do not eat plants (they can bite grass, but only to cleanse the body, they do not “eat ” grass).
They don ’ t need to feel bitter.
Cats are completely indifferent to sweets.
Take the bear.
A huge animal, does not eat meat.
I need energy somewhere.
Carbohydrates!
Honey, berries.
That is, the bear must love honey, love sweets in order to survive.
Humans are roughly the same (apes are very large creatures).
The cat is a predator, eats meat, and its energy is all right.
She doesn ’ t need any sweets.
As a result, sweet taste receptors are present in the cat ’ s tongue, but they are not activated.
The cat is indifferent to sweets.
For her, this is a “gray ” taste, not desirable and not disgusting.
She eats condensed milk because it is “milk ”, that is, protein.
Not because it's sugar.
If you don't believe me, just give her sugar.
It remains a mystery why dogs are happy to eat chocolate.
Although the "sweet" receptors of their tongue are arranged approximately like felines.
What is the most pleasant taste of a cat?
A new study gives the expected answer: the taste of meat.
What kind of taste is that?
Sour, sweet, salty, bitter?
In the European tradition, the taste of meat is not separately distinguished and is not named at all.
But, if you are not alien to Chinese cuisine, you have probably heard the word “umami ” – this is how the Chinese mean“ the taste of meat ”.
Here are the receptors of this mind in cat's tongue and prevail.
And here's the unexpected.
It turns out that the optimal combination of proteins, which gives a feeling of bright minds – not in chicken, pork or beef.
Fish, especially tuna.
Yes, it is tuna that makes the cat feel genuine gastronomic happiness.
Now we know why.
THE QUESTION OF THE REBROM
Why are they stealing from the table?
There are no new studies on this subject, but I will allow myself to share my thoughts.
It seems to me that it is important for the cat that she did not “get ” food, but obtained it.
You have often seen yourself: you put it in a bowl, it takes it out of the bowl, throws it on the floor and eats next to it.
You put it in a bowl, and she put it on the floor.
“Got it. ”
The trip to the table is a real special operation.
The cat knows perfectly well that it is not possible.
Cheating, choosing the time.
And how it turned out to be, drags that the first was caught under the paw.
Often it is bread, which in itself is useless to them, but the smell of yeast is pleasant, and bread for the cat is more of a "seasoning", to kindle the appetite.
A lot of people think, poor thing, eating bread, starving.
No. No.

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Content: You will not miss us!
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10 archaeological finds that shed light on life in ancient Egypt
Incredible facts about Egypt.
Ancient Egypt is an amazing culture.
Monuments of that time, such as the Great Pyramids and the Sphinx, still hold people in awe today.
The interest of researchers is also caused by ancient Egyptian papyri.
After all, Egypt is one of the earliest cultures, whose representatives kept detailed records of everything that happened.
But even today, scientists know far from everything about the secrets of ancient Egypt, and researchers continue to make stunning discoveries.
1.
Meteorite iron
Metal of the sky.
In the Egyptian city of Girza in 1911, archaeologists found a tomb in which nine metal beads were stored.
Incredibly, it turned out that the beads appeared 2000 years earlier than in Egypt began to smelt iron.
Since then, historians have puzzled over where the ancient Egyptians got the iron for the beads.
The Egyptian hieroglyph, which meant iron, literally translates as "metal of the sky", which gives a very good reference to the understanding of its origin.
Because of the rarity of the metal, it was mostly associated with wealth and power.
It was mainly used to make jewelry and trinkets for the royal family, rather than weapons, as was customary later on.
In the 1980s, chemical analysis showed that the level of nickel in the beads was similar to that found in meteorites.
So the Egyptians thousands of years before they learned to smelt this metal, there was iron.
It may also explain the mystery of Tutankhamun ’ s dagger, made of iron and gold.
2.
Religious tattoos
The mummy of Deir el-Medina.
Today, people make tattoos for various reasons: to capture a loved one, to emphasize their dissimilarity with others or to talk about their interests.
The mummy, found in the village of Deir el-Medina, was confirmation that tattoos were in the ancient Egyptians.
The mummy of Deir el-Medina is a headless and armless torso that belonged to a woman who lived between 1300 and 1070 BC.
With the help of infrared light, 30 clearly distinguishable tattoos were found on her.
What is unique about this mummy is that she was tattooed during her lifetime, not after her death as a religious ritual.
Most of the symbols were dedicated to the powerful goddess Hathor.
Soon, three similar mummies were discovered, tattoos on which were also intended to express religious piety.
3.
Images of Demons
Demon In-mep.
As early as 4,000 years ago, the Egyptians were very afraid of demons.
However, until recently, scientists had no idea how the Egyptians represented them.
This was until two coffins dating back to the Middle Kingdom (about 4,500 years ago) were found, on which the world ’ s oldest depictions of demons were discovered.
One of them, called In-mep, was a mixture of a dog and a baboon, and the other, named Chery-Benut, was an incomprehensible creature with a human head.
The demons are depicted as two guards at the entrance to the tomb, but what they were actually responsible for is unknown.
Also on another coffin was an image of Ikenti, a demon that looked like a large bird with a cat ’ s head.
4.
Ancient Heart Disease
Princess Ahmos-Meriet Amon.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries, which is very common today.
A sedentary lifestyle and a diet rich in fatty foods contribute to this disease.
Therefore, it is not surprising that doctors believed that atherosclerosis is a fairly new disease and it was not common in ancient populations.
Egyptologists have found that it was a very common disease thousands of years ago.
After studying 52 mummies at the National Museum of Antiquities in Cairo, it turned out that 20 of them had signs of calcification, meaning that they most likely suffered from atherosclerosis during their lifetime.
Their average age was about 45 years, and they lived in the 16th century BC.
One of the mummies belonged to the royal family, namely Princess Ahmos-Meriet-Amon, who lived in Thebes and died at the age of forty.
She is considered the oldest person who had coronary heart disease.
5.
Egyptian fashionistas
Hair extensions in ancient Egypt.
In modern days, when a woman ’ s hair begins to thicken, there are several ways to fix this.
Apparently, women in the past had the same problem because the remains of the woman that were found in the ruined Egyptian city of Amarna had 70 extensions of hair similar to those used today.
The hair was so well made that it has survived to this day, although the rest of the woman ’ s body decomposed (she died 3,300 years ago and was not mummified).
In the cemetery where the woman was buried, other bodies with henna colored hair were found.
6.
Mummified embryo
A 45-centimeter sarcophagus.
About 100 years ago, a 45-centimeter sarcophagus was excavated in Giza.
He was taken to Cambridge University, where he was sent to the vaults and forgotten about.
Initially, it was believed that separate organs were placed in the tiny coffin for some unknown reason.
But after a thorough MRI examination, it was discovered that it was actually a 16-18-week-old human embryo that had been mummified and buried in its own purpose-built sarcophagus, which contained intricate patterns and decorations.
7.
Cancer in the Egyptians
A 4,200-year-old mummy.
Like heart disease, cancer, until recently, was considered a purely modern disease.
This disease has never been mentioned in historical records.
However, this does not mean that cancer did not exist in the ancient world.
According to recent studies, two mummies, male and female, were found to have signs that they were suffering from cancer.
In 2015, a Spanish university found a mummy that showed signs of breast cancer damage.
The 4,200-year-old mummy is a woman who lived during the sixth dynasty of the pharaohs.
8.
The oldest papyrus
Official's log.
In 2011, archaeologist Pierre Tallet made a remarkable discovery in a remote area of Egypt, far from any civilization.
In thirty caves in a limestone rock discovered a kind of warehouse for storing boats in ancient Egypt.
But even more stunning was the discovery he made a few years later, in 2013, of a series of papyri inscribed on both sides in hieroglyphics and hieratic writing (an unofficial, everyday writing of the ancient Egyptians), with papyri being the oldest papyri ever discovered.
Among them was found the journal of an official named Merer, who led a group of 200 men responsible for providing materials and provisions to workers at the construction of the Great Pyramid.
9.
Brain drain in ancient Egypt
Description of the period of Persian occupation.
In 525 BC, the Persian king Cambyses captured the Egyptian capital Memphis.
After the conquest of Egypt, most of the great Egyptian minds and artists began to be taken to Persia to serve the empire there.
Only mediocre artists remained in Egypt, as can be seen from the coffin discovered in 2014.
Despite the fact that the body in the coffin was not found, scientists have found that the coffin dates back to about the years of the Persian occupation.
Interestingly, it was initially believed that the coffin was a fake, since it was made very rude and poorly.
However, it was later revealed that it was indeed the original.
There are many bizarre images on the coffin, including badly painted falcons (symbols of the god Horus) that look more like fish, four jars with the heads of four sons of Horus, which were described as "headless" and other blunders related to Egyptian mythology.
10.
Egyptian Sexual Spells
Scrolls of the third century.
In 2016, two papyrus scrolls of the third century AD were deciphered, which were written in Greek.
The 1700-year-old scrolls, which were found centuries ago, were stored at the University of Oxford in England.
And only now it turned out that they were written sexual spells designed to fall in love with another person.
The author of the spells is unknown, but they mention several Gnostic gods.
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Content: Focus on the Early History of Islam: A Refreshing Look at the Seerah (Introduction)

The “Focus on Early History of Islam (A Refreshing Look at the Seerah)” uniquely views the birth of Islam and its expansion placing more emphasis on issues relevant to Christianity and Judaism. The extent of common ground among the three monotheistic religions is far more than what is commonly known. This commonality is crucial to the fraternity and peace of the entire human race.

In the 21st century, we would like to see coalition and comradeship rather than animosity and collision experienced previously.

This writing is a study intending to explore facts of history, as they were, and interpret them in the light of the culture of those societies.

Even though Islam was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), in the light of history in the early period of the seventh century CE, it is one of the most misunderstood religions in the West.

A rational fresh look into the faith of Islam from its inception and understanding its principles and beliefs is timely and essential in this fast-merging world.

The “vast” world we used to know decades ago is soon becoming a small village. Thanks to the advances in technological communication and transportation, and exemplary writing intending to remove misinformation and clarify misunderstanding. Learning about the cultures of the nearly fifth the population of this world is elemental to a peaceful survival.

Terms and Definitions

To begin our study of the rise and contribution of Islam to our civilization, we will first explore certain terminologies and the effect of culture differences on people’s behavior.

Culture and Linguistic Terms

The culture of a group of people is directly linked to their language. The usage of some equivalent linguistic terms in one culture, however, can mean different things in another culture. The vast geographical distances separating peoples and nations on earth are prime contributors to the make-up of localized customs and linguistic terms.

The possible difference of the meaning of like-terms by each culture often leads to misunderstanding and mistakes. In this respect, Islam in the west suffers considerably. Theological terms of a typical western understanding are thought to have the same equivalent understanding in the eastern cultures. Nevertheless, when the issues are deeply explored, one finds both sides are actually in agreement, but the local usage of terms made them look far apart.

Examples of this are the terms “Jihad” and “Islamic Fundamentalist.” The term “Jihad” is interpreted by western writers as “Holy War.” In Arabic the term “Jihad” means to strive and exert effort. This meaning is not equivalent to “Holy War.” The term “Holy War” is often used in association with the Crusades wars, while the term Jihad is not limited to actual war, and is certainly no substitution for “Holy War”.

We have dedicated the section “The term Jihad”, below for a full account and explanation of this term. In a similar manner the term “Islamic Fundamentalist” often used by the western media for stereotyping Muslims as the “bad guys” or “bad.”

In the Islamic teachings, however, Islam is defined as the “middle of all roads.” Therefore, a typical Muslim, who takes the middle of all roads, which is the most accepted way for both eastern and western cultures, becomes a “fundamentalist” or a “bad guy”. Thus, the middle of the road or “good guy” has been misread to be the “bad guy.”

Inaccurate and improper usage of terms is at best misleading. Better yet, Islam denounces extremism, which is what is really intended by the media in the term “Islamic Fundamentalist”. This example illustrates an actual reality that we must be aware of. If “knowing the problem is half the solution,” in our case, knowing the problem is very much its cure.

Frequent usage of the terms “Islamic Fundamentalist” and “Jihad” in the western media and literature have induced an unnecessary animosity between Muslims and the west, especially Christians and Jews. This type of misunderstanding, which was raised by ignorance, must have no place in today’s intellectual societies.

Based on this understanding, we will explore the meaning of the terms, Allah, Islam, Jihad and Prophet within the Islamic culture and Arabic language to further eliminate what may have been construed as different or foreign to this western culture.

1. The Term Allah

The Arabic word Allah is the proper name of God, Lord of the creation, Maker and Sustainer of this universe and beyond. Allah is the same God that Prophets Abraham, Moses, and Jesus worshipped and submitted to. The name Allah is unique, given to no one else other than Allah. Furthermore, the word Allah cannot be made plural or gender based.

Muslims believe that Allah is a limitless and boundless entity. Allah cannot be defined by shape or form. Shapes or forms constitute limitation that contradicts the basic definition of the limitless. I equate Dr. Hassan Hathout, author of “Reading the Muslim Mind” who said:

“God is infinite, but human beings are finite and the finite cannot comprehend the infinite.” All Glory be to Allah, God. He is the Wise and Merciful. Allah has many names or attributes. Some of the ninety nine attributes common to Muslims are: Most-Loving, Most-Caring, All-Knowing, Clement, the Pure, the Forgiver, the Compassionate, the Grantor of Mercy, the Tender, the Full-of-Pity, the Subtle, the Aware, the Peace, the Lord of the Throne of Glory, the Judge, the Just, the King, the Owner, and the Most Powerful…

A believer is one who honors these attributes, then sincerely applies and practices them in spirit and in action. For a better feel for some of God’s attributes, the following Quranic verses are related.

{But ask forgiveness of your Lord and turn unto Him (in repentance): for my Lord is indeed full of mercy and Loving-kindness (wadood).} (11:90)

The Arabic term wadood has no English equivalent. The closest English word is “loving”. However, loving does not convey the hearty meaning of the term wadood, which implicates deep and cheerful affection, most caring, most cuddling with full and deep kindness.

Those who are familiar with the Arabic language can appreciate the difficulty the translators are having in translating this term. Yusuf Ali, for example translates it as “Most Loving-kindness,” Daryabadi as “Full of Loving-kindness,” and Pickthall, settled for only “Loving.” Similarly, the Arabic terms lateef comes from lutf, and ra’oof comes from ra’fa. Again, these terms have no English equivalents. Lateef is an attribute of Allah describing His ability to guard with care and protect with love, especially during catastrophes. In much of the Muslim world, it is customary to hear the word Lateef or any of its forms surrounding accidents and catastrophes. Lateef is often associated with the attribute Khabeer, meaning the Aware (of the unexpected, hidden or upcoming). Let us read the following verse:

{Vision comprehendeth Him not, but He comprehendeth (all) vision. He is the Subtle, the Aware (Who masters tenderness and pitifulness on His creation).} (6:103)

2. The term Islam

The word Islam is the name of the Religion revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the early part of the 7th. century Common Era. God gives this name to Prophet Muhammad as seen from the following Revelations:

{This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favor unto you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.} (5:3)

{Lo! Religion with Allah is (Islam), the Surrender (to His will and guidance).} (3:19)

The Linguistic Meaning of the Word Islam

The Arabic word Islam is a derivative of the word Silm. Silm can take three meanings: 1) To remove, cure or purify from external and internal harmful matter. 2) Peace or serenity. 3) Submission.

The Religious Meaning of the Word Islam

The religious meaning of the term Islam is a total submission and surrender to the Will of God through conviction. Therefore, a Muslim is he who submits and obeys wholeheartedly the commands of God. From this belief, one can easily establish why Muslims consider Abraham, Moses, Jesus as well as the rest of the prophets as Muslims. A total submission of all creatures to the Sustainer and Originator of this universe is beautifully illustrated in Chapter 3, Al-‘Imran:

{Seek they other than the religion of Allah, when unto Him (aslama) submitteth whosoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly, or unwillingly, and unto Him they will be returned.} (3: 83)

The Holy Quran interpreters explain that people, whether believers or unbelievers, willingly or unwillingly, submit to God by means of His natural and physical laws, such as the wind, oceans, illness, health, gravity, life and death, and the Day of Resurrection. Thus, those who choose to submit to God willingly, their submission comes in harmony with nature, but those who repulse the guidance of God will be returned to His Will in submission, despite their unwillingness. Muhammadism and the like names are thus misnomers for Islam. Writers who related Islam to Muhamadanism copying the convention: Christianity for Christ erred when they applied it to Islam. In fact, the usage of the term Muhammadanisim cannot be found anywhere in the Islamic literature.

3. The Term Jihad

Many people in the West are wrongly accustomed to the term jihad to mean “Holy War.” This assumption implicates terror and bloodshed incurred by Muslims to Christians, since the term “Holy War” is mainly the result of the 250 years long Crusade wars. By all means “War” in Islam is not “Holy.”

Investigating the nature of the term jihad we discover that people in the west have been quite misinformed about its meaning. The word Jihad came from the Arabic root-word Juhd, which means: exertion of effort, strive or struggle. (See Al Munjid Dictionary, page 106). Furthermore, its usage in the Holy Quran does not certainly reflect the Western meaning of “Holy War.”

{As for those who strive in Us (jahadu), We surely guide them to Our paths, and lo! Allah is with these who do good.} (29: 69)

Interpreters of the Holy Quran explain this passage to be saying: those who strive with might and main, with constancy and determination, the light of guidance and mercy of God will come to assist them and cure their defects and shortcomings. Striving to be closer to God, to cure an illness of the heart or to do good for others cannot be construed in any way as “Holy War.” Let us take another example. Allah said:

{And (jahidu) strive for Allah with the endeavor which is His right. He hath chosen you and hath not laid upon you in religion any hardship; the faith of your father Abraham (is yours). He hath named you Muslims of old time and in this (Scripture), that the messenger may be a witness against you, and that you may be witnesses against mankind. So establish worship, pay the poor due, and hold fast to Allah. He is your Protecting Friend. A blessed Patron and a blessed Helper!} (22:78)

In these verses, striving is certainly called out for spiritual gain. As Prophet Muhammad is a guide and exemplar among Muslims, Muslims ought to be exemplars for mankind; they must strive to do good, to pay charity, to establish formal prayer, and to hold on tight and be closer to God.

Again, there is no direct implication to “Holy War” against Christians or Jews. In fact, one might even be surprised to learn that Allah used the word jihad in association with the disbelievers against the believers. Let us read:

{We have enjoined on man kindness to parents; but if they strive (jahadu) to make you join with Me that of which thou hast no knowledge, then obey them not. Unto Me is your return and I shall tell you what you used to do.} (29:8)

In this verse the word jihad is used for an un-Godly purpose. Unbelieving parents are striving to force (by the act of jihad) their offspring to make associates with God. One just cannot see how the word jihad can be interpreted as “Holy War,” even when used for something unholy.

During the Crusades, Muslims defended themselves against the invading Christian Crusades that marched all the way from England and France to Palestine, Syria and Egypt to “liberate” Jerusalem. The Muslims act of defense was certainly jihad, but still could not be taken to mean “Holy War.”

The term “Holy War” translated to Arabic is “al Harb al Muqadasah.” This term does not exist in the Arabic culture or literature. Islamic philosophy regarding the soul is to safeguard it and to prevent bloodshed. See our posted article, “Islam: Legacy of Peace.” It is important to note that the policy of Islam regarding the declaration of any war is to defend freedom of belief and for justice against evil and tyranny. Such principles many of us in the west hold in high esteem. See the upcoming topic: “Islam’s Policy for Initiating a War.”

False understanding of the word jihad as a “Holy War” declared by Muslims against Christians and Jews is only a myth. In fact, no rational mind can find a good reason for the 250 year Crusade war that left scars of ill feeling on millions upon millions of people from both Islamic and Christian faiths.

4. The Term Prophet

The usage of the term “prophet” in the Islamic and Judeo-Christian cultures is frequent and common, but the definition of “prophet” is quite different in the two cultures. In the Islamic culture the word prophet is given only to people who are appointed by God to receive and deliver His Message.

To a Muslim, a prophet is one who is divinely inspired, close to God, and exhibits the highest moral standards and ethical values. Characters such as purity of the heart, dignity, honesty, and clarity of the mind are viewed by Muslims as primary elements of a prophet of God. Hence a prophet is respected, reverenced, and is taken as a beautiful and sacred model for Muslims.

Since prophets represent the highest level of moralities, to a Muslim, they cannot commit major sins that would incur the wrath of God. Hence a Muslim may be offended if he or she learns of lower standards associated with prophets.

In the western culture, however, the word “prophet” can be given to any person gifted with more insights than the ordinary people as well as holy prophets of God. For example, the word “prophet” is given to the Prophets of the Old and New Testament, and in the meantime the word “prophet” is given to poets, philosophers and scholars throughout the western literature.

Thus, according to the western standards, holiness criteria can no longer be a stature of the word “prophet,” since any imperfect human being can be a prophet. Broadening the usage of “prophet” beyond the sacred dimension can damage the perfect model standard for Muslims. For example, the Judeo-Christian literature describes Prophet Solomon as committing a major sin. See (TBA). To a Muslim Solomon is an example to ensue. This creates a conflict – a person of mischief is not an example of inspiration.

Furthermore, to a Muslim, committing major sins by common people is considered an extremely offensive act, nonetheless, a Prophet, the foundation of spiritual and moral behavior is absolutely offensive.

Un-disclosing the differences of the meaning of the word “prophet” in both western and eastern cultures has significantly contributed to the agitation between Muslims and Christians. It is shameful for such an advanced world to have this kind of flaw.

5. The Holy Quran

The Glorious Quran is the word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years, and stands today as it has been since it was revealed. The Quran is a complete code of guidance for the Muslims and the source of spiritual nourishment. Muslims base their civil laws on the guidance given to them in this Holy Book. As a sign of its miraculous power, the Holy Quran attracts people of all faiths to God. People find an inward joy of its surface as well as the in-depth meanings of its passages. The deeper the study and the discovery of its refreshing and wonderful meaning, the greater the joy and attraction to God. Here is an example of the story of Noah and the arch:

{(Thus it was) till, when Our commandment came to pass and the oven gushed forth water, We said: Load therein two of every kind, a pair (the male and female), and thy household, save him against whom the word hath gone forth already, and those who believe. And but a few were thy who believed with him. So he said: Embark ye on the Ark in the name of Allah whether it move or be at rest! For my Lord is be sure Oft-Forgiving Most Merciful! And it sailed with them amid waves like mountains, and Noah cried unto his son and he was standing aloof: O my son! Come ride with us, and be not with the disbelievers. He said: ‘I shall betake me to some mountain that will save me from the water. (Noah) said: This day there is none that saveth from the commandment of Allah save him on whom He hath had mercy. And the wave came in between them, so he was among the drowned. And it was said: ‘O earth! Swallow thy water and, O sky! withhold (thy rain)!’ and the water abated, And the commandment was fulfilled. And it (the ship) came to rest upon (the mount) Al-Judo and it was said: A far removal for wrongdoing folk!} (11: 40-45)

The verses of the Holy Quran cannot be translated from Arabic into other languages, but the meanings of these verses can be. The composition of the verses is just not mere letters and words in a sentence. As the verses of the Quran are read, a heart tranquilizing tone is also transmitted. Anyone who hears the recited words is affected by it regardless of the language they speak.

In addition, the style of reading and rhythm associated with each passage gives its words a more meaningful sense of the case or situation it is relating. To explain to the reader the type of inspiration Muslims take from the Quran and its stories of the Prophets, we dedicated the Section: The Prophets of God: Source of Inspiration, in Part II, Few Basic Concepts, next.

By Faysal Burhan

This paper first appeared at Islamic-study.org. It is republished with the author’s kind permission.

Read more in this series: "The Early History of Islam"

All articles published not necessarily the official points of view held by islamonline

Title:

Content: General Supervision
Elham Aboul Fath
Editor-in-Chief
Thank you for your patience.
General Supervision
Elham Aboul Fath
Editor-in-Chief
Thank you for your patience.
Fatwas occupy the mind.
How to pray for the dead and whether it is secret or public
God ’ s love for the slave.
Fatwas occupy the mind.
How to pray for the dead and whether it is secret or public?
What is the ruling on a woman praying in trousers with a long blouse?
God ’ s love is strong and powerful in the hands of a slave.
Over the past few hours, Sada Al-Balad has published a number of important religious fatwas that concern the minds and concerns of the Muslim in his daily life, most notably in fatwas that concern the minds.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The prayer of a woman is not accepted except in the form of a drink. ” Menstrual.
It is stipulated in the garment covering the awrah inside the prayer does not reveal the awrah or heal it, but what he describes of tight clothes; such as tight trousers and the like, prayer is valid in it with hatred; said the sign Tahtawi Hanafi in "his entourage on the farmer explain the light of clarification" (p: 210): [It does not harm the formation of the awrah In the dark, as in the dark.
He said, “It ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see, it ’ s hard to see. ” By Him He does not see at the beginning of the sight, for His existence is like nothing, but what He sees after the sight of the eye He returns with Him at the time as the descriptor of the abomination which is determined for her without any doubt. And it is a terrible thing to do, because it is a terrible thing to do.
In verse 39, he said, “You shall not know the truth, nor shall you know the truth, nor shall you know the truth, nor shall you know the truth. ” Does it not prevent you from being aware of the color, or a bottle that tells the color, because the intention of hiding does not happen to you, but the perception of size does not harm, but it is to the woman hated, and to the man For the first time […]
Dr. Ali Gomaa, former Grand Mufti of the Republic and member of the Council of Senior Scholars at Al-Azhar Al-Sharif, said that one of the reasons that strengthen the love of God Almighty for the slave is the cleavage and desalination.
Enter the love of God into your heart, for this power of love will lead you to a sense of pleasure, and therefore some of the people of God say: We are in pleasure and happiness if the kings knew it, they would meet us with swords.
Does God ’ s love for a slave have any signs?
He loves those who fight in his way in a row as if they were built in a fixed structure, so he hates the disobedient and loves those who are purified. A human being, or one who is not purified, must be purified, so why should he punish you with your sins, but you are a human being from the one who created, forgives whomever He wills, and tortures whomever He wills, and to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever He wills. If you love God, follow me; God loves you and forgives you your sins, and God is Forgiving, Merciful.
Allah gives the world to those who love and those who do not love.
This world is not a measure, and faith gives only to those who love it.
Get him out of the governor.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The slave continues to draw near to me in the wafirs until I love him, and if I love him, I will hear him who hears him and see him who sees him. ”
To the end of the talk.
“If God loves a slave, He will destroy him. ”
If he is patient, he will be patient. ”
Take him out in Paradise.
There is weakness in it, but the beauty in it is the gradation in the relationship with God.
All of this shows us that the love of Allah (swt), the love of Islam, the love of Sharia, the love of Paradise, the love of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and the love of the mandate that he assigned to us, and we do it with eagerness.
God ’ s love is so great, and so is His love, and so is His love, and so is His love.
What is the effect of love?
As a preacher of his soul and as a renegade of his heart, he commands and exalts him.
With regard to praying on the graves after the completion of the burial of the dead, is it a secret that each of those present should pray in his own right, or is it public that one of them should pray and others should be insured for his prayers?
And what year in that?, said Dr. Ali Juma, former Mufti of the Republic and a member of the Council of Senior Scholars in Al-Azhar, that it is the age to stand at the tomb an hour after the burial of the dead and to pray for him; for what was narrated by Abu Dawood and the ruler. Ask for your brother ’ s forgiveness and ask him to prove it, for now he will be questioned. ” [1] Amr ibn al-Aas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “When you bury me, they will be searched for the soil for a single thing. I swear to you that I will not be able to see you, and that I will be able to see you, and that I will be able to see you again. ”
How to pray for the dead and whether it is secret or public?
Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) are not pleased with this matter, but he is one of the disobedient heresies.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “When Allah is silent on a matter, it is an extension and a mercy to the Ummah. ” Do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, and do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid,
The Qur ’ an says in the Qur ’ an, “Explanation of the Forty Nuclei ” (p.
Do not ask questions about the book, do not ask questions about it, and do not ask questions about it.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I am the greatest Muslim among the Muslims, a man who asked about something and clicked about it, so he was deprived of people for the sake of his narration. ” A Muslim who speaks of his father ’ s happiness.
When we asked him about his father, he said, “God, you are the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the one who is the God. ”
The Lord ’ s Prayer: Are you all God ’ s people?
Then he said, “If I had said yes, I would have said yes, and I could not have done it, ” and then he said,“ I did not leave you. But I did not know what to do, and I did not know what to do, and I did not know what to do. ”
The Holy Qur ’ an says in the Qur ’ an (3: 562).
Do not ask me for the length of time I leave you; do not give me too much research about what does not concern you in your religion, no matter how I leave you, I do not say anything to you; this may be obligatory and strict; take the appearance of what I have commanded you and do not explore as the people of the Book did, and do not increase the investigation of what is clearly shown, and if it is good for others. And the children of Israel were afraid of him, and they were afraid of him.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The hand of Allaah is with the congregation. ”

Originally depicted as a lioness, Bastet evolved into a cat or cat-headed woman, symbolizing protection, fertility, and motherhood.

Her cult center was in **Bubastis**, where thousands of mummified cats have been discovered, indicating the extent of feline veneration.

Title:

Content: Moby-Dick; or The Whale: Chapter 35 - The Mast-Head  by@hermanmelville

Moby-Dick; or The Whale: Chapter 35 - The Mast-Head

It was during the more pleasant weather, that in due rotation with the other seamen my first mast-head came round. In most American whalemen the mast-heads are manned almost simultaneously with the vessel’s leaving her port; even though she may have fifteen thousand miles, and more, to sail ere reaching her proper cruising ground. And if, after a three, four, or five years’ voyage she is drawing nigh home with anything empty in her—say, an empty vial even—then, her mast-heads are kept manned to the last; and not till her skysail-poles sail in among the spires of the port, does she altogether relinquish the hope of capturing one whale more. Now, as the business of standing mast-heads, ashore or afloat, is a very ancient and interesting one, let us in some measure expatiate here. I take it, that the earliest standers of mast-heads were the old Egyptians; because, in all my researches, I find none prior to them. For though their progenitors, the builders of Babel, must doubtless, by their tower, have intended to rear the loftiest mast-head in all Asia, or Africa either; yet (ere the final truck was put to it) as that great stone mast of theirs may be said to have gone by the board, in the dread gale of God’s wrath; therefore, we cannot give these Babel builders priority over the Egyptians. And that the Egyptians were a nation of mast-head standers, is an assertion based upon the general belief among archæologists, that the first pyramids were founded for astronomical purposes: a theory singularly supported by the peculiar stair-like formation of all four sides of those edifices; whereby, with prodigious long upliftings of their legs, those old astronomers were wont to mount to the apex, and sing out for new stars; even as the look-outs of a modern ship sing out for a sail, or a whale just bearing in sight. In Saint Stylites, the famous Christian hermit of old times, who built him a lofty stone pillar in the desert and spent the whole latter portion of his life on its summit, hoisting his food from the ground with a tackle; in him we have a remarkable instance of a dauntless stander-of-mast-heads; who was not to be driven from his place by fogs or frosts, rain, hail, or sleet; but valiantly facing everything out to the last, literally died at his post. Of modern standers-of-mast-heads we have but a lifeless set; mere stone, iron, and bronze men; who, though well capable of facing out a stiff gale, are still entirely incompetent to the business of singing out upon discovering any strange sight. There is Napoleon; who, upon the top of the column of Vendome, stands with arms folded, some one hundred and fifty feet in the air; careless, now, who rules the decks below; whether Louis Philippe, Louis Blanc, or Louis the Devil. Great Washington, too, stands high aloft on his towering main-mast in Baltimore, and like one of Hercules’ pillars, his column marks that point of human grandeur beyond which few mortals will go. Admiral Nelson, also, on a capstan of gun-metal, stands his mast-head in Trafalgar Square; and ever when most obscured by that London smoke, token is yet given that a hidden hero is there; for where there is smoke, must be fire. But neither great Washington, nor Napoleon, nor Nelson, will answer a single hail from below, however madly invoked to befriend by their counsels the distracted decks upon which they gaze; however it may be surmised, that their spirits penetrate through the thick haze of the future, and descry what shoals and what rocks must be shunned.

Herman Melville

American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period.

Moby-Dick; or The Whale, by Herman Melville is part of HackerNoon’s Book Blog Post series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here: [LINK TO TABLE OF LINK].

Chapter 35: The Mast-Head

It was during the more pleasant weather, that in due rotation with the other seamen my first mast-head came round.

In most American whalemen the mast-heads are manned almost simultaneously with the vessel’s leaving her port; even though she may have fifteen thousand miles, and more, to sail ere reaching her proper cruising ground. And if, after a three, four, or five years’ voyage she is drawing nigh home with anything empty in her—say, an empty vial even—then, her mast-heads are kept manned to the last; and not till her skysail-poles sail in among the spires of the port, does she altogether relinquish the hope of capturing one whale more.

Now, as the business of standing mast-heads, ashore or afloat, is a very ancient and interesting one, let us in some measure expatiate here. I take it, that the earliest standers of mast-heads were the old Egyptians; because, in all my researches, I find none prior to them. For though their progenitors, the builders of Babel, must doubtless, by their tower, have intended to rear the loftiest mast-head in all Asia, or Africa either; yet (ere the final truck was put to it) as that great stone mast of theirs may be said to have gone by the board, in the dread gale of God’s wrath; therefore, we cannot give these Babel builders priority over the Egyptians. And that the Egyptians were a nation of mast-head standers, is an assertion based upon the general belief among archæologists, that the first pyramids were founded for astronomical purposes: a theory singularly supported by the peculiar stair-like formation of all four sides of those edifices; whereby, with prodigious long upliftings of their legs, those old astronomers were wont to mount to the apex, and sing out for new stars; even as the look-outs of a modern ship sing out for a sail, or a whale just bearing in sight. In Saint Stylites, the famous Christian hermit of old times, who built him a lofty stone pillar in the desert and spent the whole latter portion of his life on its summit, hoisting his food from the ground with a tackle; in him we have a remarkable instance of a dauntless stander-of-mast-heads; who was not to be driven from his place by fogs or frosts, rain, hail, or sleet; but valiantly facing everything out to the last, literally died at his post. Of modern standers-of-mast-heads we have but a lifeless set; mere stone, iron, and bronze men; who, though well capable of facing out a stiff gale, are still entirely incompetent to the business of singing out upon discovering any strange sight. There is Napoleon; who, upon the top of the column of Vendome, stands with arms folded, some one hundred and fifty feet in the air; careless, now, who rules the decks below; whether Louis Philippe, Louis Blanc, or Louis the Devil. Great Washington, too, stands high aloft on his towering main-mast in Baltimore, and like one of Hercules’ pillars, his column marks that point of human grandeur beyond which few mortals will go. Admiral Nelson, also, on a capstan of gun-metal, stands his mast-head in Trafalgar Square; and ever when most obscured by that London smoke, token is yet given that a hidden hero is there; for where there is smoke, must be fire. But neither great Washington, nor Napoleon, nor Nelson, will answer a single hail from below, however madly invoked to befriend by their counsels the distracted decks upon which they gaze; however it may be surmised, that their spirits penetrate through the thick haze of the future, and descry what shoals and what rocks must be shunned.

It may seem unwarrantable to couple in any respect the mast-head standers of the land with those of the sea; but that in truth it is not so, is plainly evinced by an item for which Obed Macy, the sole historian of Nantucket, stands accountable. The worthy Obed tells us, that in the early times of the whale fishery, ere ships were regularly launched in pursuit of the game, the people of that island erected lofty spars along the sea-coast, to which the look-outs ascended by means of nailed cleats, something as fowls go upstairs in a hen-house. A few years ago this same plan was adopted by the Bay whalemen of New Zealand, who, upon descrying the game, gave notice to the ready-manned boats nigh the beach. But this custom has now become obsolete; turn we then to the one proper mast-head, that of a whale-ship at sea. The three mast-heads are kept manned from sun-rise to sun-set; the seamen taking their regular turns (as at the helm), and relieving each other every two hours. In the serene weather of the tropics it is exceedingly pleasant the mast-head; nay, to a dreamy meditative man it is delightful. There you stand, a hundred feet above the silent decks, striding along the deep, as if the masts were gigantic stilts, while beneath you and between your legs, as it were, swim the hugest monsters of the sea, even as ships once sailed between the boots of the famous Colossus at old Rhodes. There you stand, lost in the infinite series of the sea, with nothing ruffled but the waves. The tranced ship indolently rolls; the drowsy trade winds blow; everything resolves you into languor. For the most part, in this tropic whaling life, a sublime uneventfulness invests you; you hear no news; read no gazettes; extras with startling accounts of commonplaces never delude you into unnecessary excitements; you hear of no domestic afflictions; bankrupt securities; fall of stocks; are never troubled with the thought of what you shall have for dinner—for all your meals for three years and more are snugly stowed in casks, and your bill of fare is immutable.

In one of those southern whalesmen, on a long three or four years’ voyage, as often happens, the sum of the various hours you spend at the mast-head would amount to several entire months. And it is much to be deplored that the place to which you devote so considerable a portion of the whole term of your natural life, should be so sadly destitute of anything approaching to a cosy inhabitiveness, or adapted to breed a comfortable localness of feeling, such as pertains to a bed, a hammock, a hearse, a sentry box, a pulpit, a coach, or any other of those small and snug contrivances in which men temporarily isolate themselves. Your most usual point of perch is the head of the t’ gallant-mast, where you stand upon two thin parallel sticks (almost peculiar to whalemen) called the t’ gallant cross-trees. Here, tossed about by the sea, the beginner feels about as cosy as he would standing on a bull’s horns. To be sure, in cold weather you may carry your house aloft with you, in the shape of a watch-coat; but properly speaking the thickest watch-coat is no more of a house than the unclad body; for as the soul is glued inside of its fleshy tabernacle, and cannot freely move about in it, nor even move out of it, without running great risk of perishing (like an ignorant pilgrim crossing the snowy Alps in winter); so a watch-coat is not so much of a house as it is a mere envelope, or additional skin encasing you. You cannot put a shelf or chest of drawers in your body, and no more can you make a convenient closet of your watch-coat.

Concerning all this, it is much to be deplored that the mast-heads of a southern whale ship are unprovided with those enviable little tents or pulpits, called crow’s-nests, in which the look-outs of a Greenland whaler are protected from the inclement weather of the frozen seas. In the fireside narrative of Captain Sleet, entitled “A Voyage among the Icebergs, in quest of the Greenland Whale, and incidentally for the re-discovery of the Lost Icelandic Colonies of Old Greenland;” in this admirable volume, all standers of mast-heads are furnished with a charmingly circumstantial account of the then recently invented crow’s-nest of the Glacier, which was the name of Captain Sleet’s good craft. He called it the Sleet’s crow’s-nest, in honor of himself; he being the original inventor and patentee, and free from all ridiculous false delicacy, and holding that if we call our own children after our own names (we fathers being the original inventors and patentees), so likewise should we denominate after ourselves any other apparatus we may beget. In shape, the Sleet’s crow’s-nest is something like a large tierce or pipe; it is open above, however, where it is furnished with a movable side-screen to keep to windward of your head in a hard gale. Being fixed on the summit of the mast, you ascend into it through a little trap-hatch in the bottom. On the after side, or side next the stern of the ship, is a comfortable seat, with a locker underneath for umbrellas, comforters, and coats. In front is a leather rack, in which to keep your speaking trumpet, pipe, telescope, and other nautical conveniences. When Captain Sleet in person stood his mast-head in this crow’s-nest of his, he tells us that he always had a rifle with him (also fixed in the rack), together with a powder flask and shot, for the purpose of popping off the stray narwhales, or vagrant sea unicorns infesting those waters; for you cannot successfully shoot at them from the deck owing to the resistance of the water, but to shoot down upon them is a very different thing. Now, it was plainly a labor of love for Captain Sleet to describe, as he does, all the little detailed conveniences of his crow’s-nest; but though he so enlarges upon many of these, and though he treats us to a very scientific account of his experiments in this crow’s-nest, with a small compass he kept there for the purpose of counteracting the errors resulting from what is called the “local attraction” of all binnacle magnets; an error ascribable to the horizontal vicinity of the iron in the ship’s planks, and in the Glacier’s case, perhaps, to there having been so many broken-down blacksmiths among her crew; I say, that though the Captain is very discreet and scientific here, yet, for all his learned “binnacle deviations,” “azimuth compass observations,” and “approximate errors,” he knows very well, Captain Sleet, that he was not so much immersed in those profound magnetic meditations, as to fail being attracted occasionally towards that well replenished little case-bottle, so nicely tucked in on one side of his crow’s nest, within easy reach of his hand. Though, upon the whole, I greatly admire and even love the brave, the honest, and learned Captain; yet I take it very ill of him that he should so utterly ignore that case-bottle, seeing what a faithful friend and comforter it must have been, while with mittened fingers and hooded head he was studying the mathematics aloft there in that bird’s nest within three or four perches of the pole.

But if we Southern whale-fishers are not so snugly housed aloft as Captain Sleet and his Greenlandmen were; yet that disadvantage is greatly counter-balanced by the widely contrasting serenity of those seductive seas in which we South fishers mostly float. For one, I used to lounge up the rigging very leisurely, resting in the top to have a chat with Queequeg, or any one else off duty whom I might find there; then ascending a little way further, and throwing a lazy leg over the top-sail yard, take a preliminary view of the watery pastures, and so at last mount to my ultimate destination.

Let me make a clean breast of it here, and frankly admit that I kept but sorry guard. With the problem of the universe revolving in me, how could I—being left completely to myself at such a thought-engendering altitude—how could I but lightly hold my obligations to observe all whale-ships’ standing orders, “Keep your weather eye open, and sing out every time.”

And let me in this place movingly admonish you, ye ship-owners of Nantucket! Beware of enlisting in your vigilant fisheries any lad with lean brow and hollow eye; given to unseasonable meditativeness; and who offers to ship with the Phædon instead of Bowditch in his head. Beware of such an one, I say; your whales must be seen before they can be killed; and this sunken-eyed young Platonist will tow you ten wakes round the world, and never make you one pint of sperm the richer. Nor are these monitions at all unneeded. For nowadays, the whale-fishery furnishes an asylum for many romantic, melancholy, and absent-minded young men, disgusted with the carking cares of earth, and seeking sentiment in tar and blubber. Childe Harold not unfrequently perches himself upon the mast-head of some luckless disappointed whale-ship, and in moody phrase ejaculates:—

Very often do the captains of such ships take those absent-minded young philosophers to task, upbraiding them with not feeling sufficient “interest” in the voyage; half-hinting that they are so hopelessly lost to all honorable ambition, as that in their secret souls they would rather not see whales than otherwise. But all in vain; those young Platonists have a notion that their vision is imperfect; they are short-sighted; what use, then, to strain the visual nerve? They have left their opera-glasses at home.

“Why, thou monkey,” said a harpooneer to one of these lads, “we’ve been cruising now hard upon three years, and thou hast not raised a whale yet. Whales are scarce as hen’s teeth whenever thou art up here.” Perhaps they were; or perhaps there might have been shoals of them in the far horizon; but lulled into such an opium-like listlessness of vacant, unconscious reverie is this absent-minded youth by the blending cadence of waves with thoughts, that at last he loses his identity; takes the mystic ocean at his feet for the visible image of that deep, blue, bottomless soul, pervading mankind and nature; and every strange, half-seen, gliding, beautiful thing that eludes him; every dimly-discovered, uprising fin of some undiscernible form, seems to him the embodiment of those elusive thoughts that only people the soul by continually flitting through it. In this enchanted mood, thy spirit ebbs away to whence it came; becomes diffused through time and space; like Cranmer’s sprinkled Pantheistic ashes, forming at last a part of every shore the round globe over.

There is no life in thee, now, except that rocking life imparted by a gently rolling ship; by her, borrowed from the sea; by the sea, from the inscrutable tides of God. But while this sleep, this dream is on ye, move your foot or hand an inch; slip your hold at all; and your identity comes back in horror. Over Descartian vortices you hover. And perhaps, at mid-day, in the fairest weather, with one half-throttled shriek you drop through that transparent air into the summer sea, no more to rise for ever. Heed it well, ye Pantheists!

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Melville, Herman, 2001. Moby-Dick: or The Whale. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2022 from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2701/2701-h/2701-h.htm#link2HCH0035

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Title:

Content: Why do communities get stuck in their own footsteps?
This is an important issue that deals with the human relations that are common in societies, from family and family relations, and even friendships.
Let us ask: Why do these relations go astray, and stumble in their internal steps, and with false or trivial problems, many of which are the work of Satan and his obsession, and of the narrowness of minds and immaturity?!
Then we follow this with another question: Does this not affect what is required of these societies towards their hopes and aspirations, on other levels; whether in the “relationship between the ruler and the ruled ” and what should be transparency, equality and participation, or in the relationship with the“ civilizational issue ” and what should be the awareness, effectiveness, advancement and urbanization?
I can say that, from the suffering with many others, our societies will stumble in their internal problems, especially at the family and family levels.
That this stumbling has become a disturbing phenomenon, and has become the origin in these relations, so that a family or family is hardly free of social discomforts, quarrels and measures..
It is really unfortunate that many of these problems are avoidable, or can be dealt with with with the easiest solutions; if the Nights were liquidated, and the breasts were handed over, and we did not sit on each other ’ s seat of lurking and surveillance!!
I see this issue not only in its religious and moral context, as is common – although of course important – but also in its civilizational and renaissance context.
As will come in this detail.
In the Religious Framework
We do not fail to note the keenness of Islam to form a cohesive society, interconnected, living in one body, with no place among its members to quarrel and quarrel.
Islam also warns against anything that weakens this and gives Satan an entrance among the believers, from backbiting, gossip, mistrust, and espionage.
“O you who have believed, avoid many of the doubts, that some of the doubts are sinful, and do not spy, and do not hide from one another. He is dead, and you hate him. And fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is a penitent, compassionate.
He said, “Do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, and be servants of God as brothers. ”
Islam wants people to be united in the word of Allah and to unite the ranks among them.
So he made a promise, made a promise, made a promise, made a promise, and made a promise.
In the Ethical Framework
Morality should have a great place among individuals and societies, because man ’ s humanity is measured by the extent of his morals, especially in the level that pervades all people and does not differentiate between them because of color, sex or religion.
Morality is guaranteed for everyone, and it must be given to everyone.
The circle of ethics must be expanded to include all people, so that their rights and symptoms are preserved, and none of them is impossible except by his right!
A man without morals may not be worthy of being called a "man"!
He turns into a more deadly wolf than the real wolf, who is not to blame for his accidents!
If the laws of the prophets change, or the laws of the people differ, then morality is constant amid this change and difference.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I was sent to complete the honors of morals, and did not say: To create; for morality is a common collector among the laws, and a common collector also among the people of healthy mushrooms. ”
Islam came only to accomplish what it accumulated over the course of mankind, which is many and many.
Therefore, ethics is a necessity of societies, and a way to their unity and cohesion.
In the context of civilization and renaissance
It is this framework that we want to draw more attention to.
And here I wonder: societies that are disconnected, fragile, preoccupied or troubled by their interrelationships; when do they branch out to their greatest concerns?
And when did you see her reaching higher ground?
When are you going to build a community around you and build a community around you?
There is no doubt that this stumbling prevents all of this; it inherits hatred and grudges that make individuals chained in their personal homes, not paying attention to “public concern ”, and not appreciating the meanings of giving, giving, sacrifice, building, interaction and sharing.
Those meanings are necessary for a cohesive and interdependent society, in which people take each other into their own hands, cooperate, share, and share concerns and hopes.
It is as if I see the benefit of this stumbling in relationships, bickering in breasts, and loathing in hearts!
And who wants to deepen it, directly or indirectly?
The people in their hearts have a duty to repent, to hate, to envy, to envy.
This makes people busy among themselves, not to remove the causes of this restriction, but to envy and deliberation, and perhaps to embezzle what is in each other ’ s hands; instead of uniting them to demand their rights, and to take at the hands of those who divide them.
Societies are preoccupied with the “social question ”; in such a way of fragmentation and disintegration.
It will not pay attention to the “political issue ” and what it requires of exertion, cohesion and unity..
Nor to the “civilizational question ”; and the consequent awareness and transcendence, and the superiority of the individual towards the collective self, and from the paradox of the personal good to the common good!
He who is preoccupied with small things, revolves in the fortunes of the soul, and gasps behind imaginary battles based on gossip.
When will he find time to give to the benefit of society, and the energy he gives to the good of people!!
The most beautiful thing that Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani has mentioned is the link between morality and civilization, in the interpretation of Allah ’ s words: “Those who break the covenant of Allah after His covenant and cut off the commandment of Allah to be delivered and corrupt in the land of those who are the losers. ” The Qur ’ an says:“ When people love and justice, they communicate; when they communicate, they cooperate; when they cooperate, they live; when they live; and when they live, they act; and when they act, they act; and when they act, they act; and when they act, they act; and when they act, they act; and when they act, they act; and when they do not act; they do not act; they perish. ” Be like brothers and sisters of God. ”
Therefore, we urged meetings in groups and gatherings, as this is a reason for intimacy.
He said, “I don ’ t believe in God, ” and he said,“ I don ’ t believe in God, I don ’ t believe in God. ” They are not separated.
This is not only in man; but if God had not made the opposite pillars, the world would not have been upright; therefore, peace be upon him, the heavens and the earth would have risen with justice.
Therefore, our attention to the internecine problems in which our societies are stumbling should start - in addition to the religious and moral perspective - from the civilizational and renaissance perspective.
And to mobilize to strengthen the class and strengthen the social fabric all the forces of education and advocacy, and to launch initiatives and events for this.
Enough of a band and obnoxious and driven behind the demons and the luck of the self
We must uphold the values of compassion, cohesion and forgiveness, and we must exalt personhood, individualism and selfishness.
What we have, what we want, and what we aspire to, is not right with this stumbling in the steps between us!!
[1] I agree with my father.
([2]) Narrated by Ahmad, from the talk of Abu Hurayrah.
He corrected the Albanians.
([3]) Interpretation Ragheb Isfahani 1 / 131, 132.
The materials published on the site do not necessarily reflect the opinion of IslamOnline

Title:

Content: African nations want their stolen history back, and experts say it's time to speed up the process

Johannesburg — Much of Africa's cultural treasure was looted during colonial times and has remained in museums and private collections in Europe and North America ever since. For the last few decades, however, African nations have been asking for the stolen treasures to be returned.

Last week, 39 artifacts were formally handed back to the government of Uganda by Britain's famed University of Cambridge. While the return is technically a three-year loan between museums, it is extendable, and could see them remain in their country of origin.

Martin Mugarra, the minister of tourism, said that while many important artifacts remain overseas, it was still a significant return of cultural objects. In a social media post, he said the process to get the pieces back started in 2016 under the "rethinking Uganda Museum" project, in collaboration with the University of Michigan.

"These invaluable pieces were taken from Uganda during the 1890s and early 1900s by British colonial administrators, anthropologists, missionaries and soldiers," he said.

The pieces had been kept at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at Cambridge for more than 100 years. The collection includes human remains taken from the Wamala tombs, a headdress made of human hair and a traditional Bunyoro drum.

Ugandan heritage specialists say the pieces will be acclimated to Ugandan conditions before being put on display in 2025 or 2026.

Restitution remains a common issue for many African governments and communities. More and more are seeking accountability and the return of items of cultural value looted either before or during colonial rule.

In April, the popular Victoria and Albert Museum in London loaned 32 artifacts that were taken from what is now Ghana more than 150 years ago back to the country's current king. The objects were stolen from the court of the Asante king during conflicts between his people and British soldiers.

A gold peace pipe, a sword and other significant pieces were returned, again on a long-term loan from the museum to the king. In the Asante culture, the gold artifacts are believed to be invested with the spirit of former kings, so the return of the treasures was described as the return of "the soul of the people."

Why are artifacts loaned and not just returned?

In February, the Fowler Museum at the University of California, Los Angeles permanently returned seven looted objects to the Asante people in Ghana. In a statement issued at the time, the museum's management said they considered themselves "temporary custodians of the objects in our collection."

"In the case of pieces that were violently or coercively taken from their original owners or communities, it is our ethical responsibility to do what we can to return those objects," said Erica Jones, the senior curator of African arts and manager of curatorial affairs at the Fowler Museum.

The collections in many European museums tend to be owned by the state, however, with laws in place to govern their care — and in many cases, bar them from being removed, even to return to original owners, which is referred to as deaccessioning. To permanently give back contested antiquities from their collections, those countries would need to change their laws.

A 1963 law bans the British Museum in London from removing an artifact from its collection unless it is a duplicate, is damaged or is deemed "unfit" for the collection.

The National Heritage Act of 1983 prevents the V&A from legally returning its artifacts.

More museums in the United States are privately owned, with the notable exception of those run by the state-owned Smithsonian Institution. That means institutions like the Fowler Museum can more easily and quickly repatriate artifacts back to their original owners.

"I agree that in order to maintain public trust in museums, deaccessioning should not be taken lightly," Ngaire Blankenberg, a museum specialist with the Creative Repair Studio and the former director of the Smithsonian's National Museum of African Art, told CBS News.

She added, however, that "where there is will, legislation can be changed."

"Most of the laws prohibiting restitution were enacted long after the work in question was taken, or in some cases, in order to justify criminal activity," Blankenberg said. "If a law can be made only in 1983, for example, there surely is a mechanism to repeal or amend it in 2024?"

Within a few weeks of her arrival at NMAFA in Washington D.C., Blankenberg launched the process to hand back Benin bronzes that had long been in the museum's collection.

"As an African, it is personally offensive to see looted African work displayed as a trophy, even if the text below it acknowledges the circumstances of its removal from its source," she said. "So, I immediately took them off display and began a conversation with the Nigerian Commission of Museum and Monuments about what they would like to do with the Bronzes. They indicated they wanted them back, and so began the process."

"It's not just a question of ownership"

How contested artifacts are displayed is an issue unto itself.

There are tens of thousands of African artifacts spread across the Western world, most of which are unlikely to be returned anytime soon given the slow pace of deaccessioning thus far.

Blankenberg said it was important for museums and galleries to consider how such works are displayed, including whether there are accompanying explanations of why ownership is contested, and what words are used to describe them and their significance.

"It's not just a question of ownership, but spiritual significance," she said. "In some cases, what are referred to as 'inanimate objects' described only by the material they are made with, are in fact considered living beings or 'with spirit' by their societies of origin. Using eurocentric reference points robs these works of their context and meaning and results in misunderstandings, assumptions and stereotypes about the cultures they originate from. So the issue is not only about who owns these, but also who gets to decide who sees them, how they are displayed, how they are documented and the role they play in our understanding of the world."

Looted artifacts have been controversial for decades, but many museums in the West might not exist in their current forms if it wasn't for these collections.

While countless researchers, conservators, registrars, scholars, administrators and curators have built their careers on their expertise in managing these collections, African institutions and scholars suffer from a chronic lack of resources and often need to go to the West to access work from their own cultures.

"We need to recognize not just the harm of the original theft, but the ongoing harm that depriving cultures of their masterpieces, their spiritual guides, their cultural icons does to a people. What has undoubtedly added value to Western museums, has been to the detriment of African societies and scholarship," Blankenberg said.

Moving forward to make amends for the past

There is a growing movement among antiquities experts, who feel reparative restitution must include more than just a handover, and incorporate an acknowledgement of the harm that's been done as well as financial reparations in the form of money and other resources.

They believe fundamental apologies are also warranted, along with commitments to never repeat the crimes of the past.

As the Ugandan art returned last week is studied and prepared to be put on display back on its home soil next year, experts in the field agree it should not be seen as an end, but the beginning.

Blankenberg and others hope there's an opportunity to start building strong, sustainable, well-resourced institutions in Africa to rebalance the relationship between African art and knowledge and the continent's former colonizers.

Molemo Moiloa is the co-founder of Open Restitution Africa, which is looking at the restitution process and gives small grants across the continent to activists and other researchers involved in returning artifacts to their rightful owners.

The group compiled a report in 2022 that did show "a massive shift in the discourse and action — but this is only from a zero base, a total refusal, disengagement, up to now," Moiloa told CBS News.

"We are just starting to see policy developments in practice, and people acknowledging that there is a need for return, but not actually returning it yet," she said, noting that experts estimate as much as 90% of Africa's cultural and historical material has been held outside the continent for hundreds of years.

The decision to return artifacts currently depends entirely on the leadership of Western museums and their owners.

"Africans need to be given the resources to deal with returns, and ultimately allowed to be in charge of every aspect of the decision making," said Moiloa.

"What we have found is that many museums have many African art pieces in storage, and as they open new wings or put work out on public display it creates a certain visibility that then requires accountability," she said. "It's just one step in a conversation; where many museums see the opening of a wing as the end, it should be seen as an opening to the public for a conversation — a transparent engagement with what is in their collections, and that could lead to what Africans want back."

Several recent visits to the continent by Max Hollein, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and Emmanuel Kasarherou, from the Quai Branly Museum in Paris, were taken as potential good signs of a new approach toward Africa.

It might be an indication that France, for example, will make good on the promise issued by President Emmanuel Macron in 2018 to repatriate all African artifacts held in French museums.

Artifacts being returned to their home countries on loan is, in the end, just an exercise in diplomacy. The real test will be what happens next.

Will the hundreds, if not thousands of contested works from Africa in the Quai Branly actually find their way back home? How will the Met deal with the contested works in its collection when it opens its new gallery of African art next year?

"We need to go beyond lip service and see some concrete and speedy action," said Blankenberg.

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Title:

Content: From Anis Mansour to Elon Musk
Did aliens really build the pyramids?
In mid-May, the atmosphere of Egyptian and Arab social media was ignited around a series of images of the Sphinx from the Pyramids Plateau area with his eyes closed. Of course, some of the images were fabricated, while others manipulated the sunlight and shadow on the face of the statue, which is basically a stone and is not expected to close his eyes in any way, but the rumor found its way to become a center of discussion among people over several days!
Rumors about ancient Egyptian civilization have deep roots in Egyptian and Arab society stretching back several decades, when a collection of books by Anis Mansour, an Egyptian writer and journalist who still finds widespread Egyptian and Arab fame, was published, all of which speak of the paranormal, such as “spirits and ghosts ”,“ those who descended from heaven ”, “those who ascended to heaven ” and“ the curse of the pharaohs ”. “But Mansoor was only a small cog in a big machine that covered the whole world at the time, and here we need to travel a little bit into the past.
False religions.
The 1960s were an ideal period for alternative religious beliefs to take prominence in Europe and America. After the Second World War, all human values were questioned. It was a counter-culture revolution. Superstitions of all kinds appeared in the face of science and reason. False religions such as "New Age", "New Thought" and "Scientology". With a high tide of marijuana, UFO myths and conspiracy theories of all kinds, along with a hypothesis called "ancient aliens", this hypothesis promoted that the gates of heaven had been opened to contact with rational aliens.
The idea of ancient aliens was first promoted by Eric von Duncan, the Swiss writer in his book Chariots of the Gods with a very interesting side title: "Was God an Astronaut?". Except with the support of extraterrestrials, whether they built the pyramids with the help of all the achievements of ancient civilizations, or they taught the pharaohs how to invent advanced pyramids.
Duncan even says that Homo sapiens became sane because at some point in their evolution they interbred with extraterrestrials, or maybe they somehow modified their genes to become sane, and then went on to interpret all the mythological and religious supernatural tales (miracles) as being in contact with an extraterrestrials. For example, a spaceship is an advanced spaceship.
All that Anis Mansoor did was to quote verbatim from the books of Duncan and others, and even said in his book "Those who descended from heaven" that the prophet Ezekiel had to occupy an important place in astronomical history, because it was the spaceships and interplanetary flights that made his strange prophecies a new meaning, because he says that on July 5, 597 BC, when he was walking near Baghdad saw something dazzling in the sky and heard those who asked him to be a prophet to his people and to warn them and warn them, and that this thing, as Ezekiel tells them, resembles a flying saucer.
Building the biggest thing in the world.
It spread like wildfire, driven by its mythical and magical base that draws people ’ s attention to the maximum, although there were always scientific refutations of what Duncan said or Mansour put forward after him. Take for example Duncan ’ s claim that the pyramids of Giza are so large that it would be difficult for an ordinary person to build them, even if he had all the technical capabilities. Ramat suddenly appeared.
In fact, people know only three pyramids, but Egypt has more than a hundred pyramids, and if we look at the former pyramids of Giza, we can find a gradient in their geometry (1), so that the Great Pyramid is a clear result of previous attempts that were wrong more than once, from the pyramid of Djoser to the collapsed pyramid of Maidum to the pyramid of Snephro leaning Cheops.
Hundreds of years before the construction of the three great pyramids, the pyramids were built on the idea of a "terrace", which is a rectangular height with a flat surface and sides sloping outward, and used in ancient times as a final resting place for some pharaohs, and later the pyramids were developed to be a group of terraces on top of each other, the higher the space is less.
Errors can also be observed in the construction of some pyramids, such as the "Snefru Leaning Pyramid" (2), which was called the Leaning Pyramid because after the construction began to climb at an angle of 58 degrees, an engineering problem occurred after the construction of the pyramid reached about half its height, and then it was decided to build the upper part at an angle of 43 degrees.
The problem was that Snefro engineers had managed to build a whole pyramid next to it with a new technique in the town of Dahshur called the Red Pyramid, which is the third pyramid built by King Snefro, located about one kilometer north of the inclined pyramid Snefro, built at the same angle 43 degrees as the top of the inclined pyramid. Later, Khufu, son of Snefru.
If you meditate a little, you will find that much of what can be presented as the "oddities" or "marvels" of building pyramids can be justified by tools and techniques that are the daughter of her time, for example, you can easily adjust the direction of the pyramid to the north accurately if you know the basic information about the movement of the stars sky, you can also build accurate right angles if you have a simple mathematical knowledge about the nature of triangles. Possessing this knowledge from geometry to mathematics, the ancient Egyptians knew, for example, a version or a special case of the Pythagorean theorem in which a right angle could be constructed.
In addition, the tools that were used in the construction of the pyramids are still present in Egyptian museums, and some papyri tell how to build them, on the other hand, the stone used in the construction of the pyramids (limestone) is easy to cut and carve, of course, we do not say that the process of building the pyramids has become clear to scientists in this scope.
For example, in 2014, an experiment by a research team from the Van der Waals Research Foundation of the University of Amsterdam, published in a study in the prestigious Physical Review Letters, showed that the friction caused by sliding on the sand is greatly reduced by adding a little water, and that this method helps to pull objects on the surface of the sand. Ten in Upper Egypt during the Twelfth Dynasty in 1900 BC.
In the scene of the transport of the giant statue, one of the workers pours water into the path of the sleigh, and it is believed that with the right amount of water the friction can be reduced by 50%.
False archaeology.
In the above mentioned book, Duncan outlines the straightness of a number of civilizations. For example, he says that King Bakal of the Mayan civilization places in his tomb a painting that shows the king as if he were riding a space rocket or a UFO. In fact, real archaeologists know that this burial situation was typical of the Mayan civilization. More than one place in the temple.
In fact, Duncan has his huge mistakes in addition to these claims, for example, he put in his book a picture of a place within the Nazca Lines, a series of ancient rock reliefs located in the Nazca Desert in southern Peru, which he said could only be a place for flying saucers to land, but it turned out that the area in the picture was only about 6 meters in diameter and not as large as imagined. On the other hand, the man said in his book that he saw with his own eyes, in Ecuador, tunnels with gold and plastic that could only be made by aliens, but when confronted with the matter he said that he did not go to that place, and that what he said was a "permissible writing style."
But all this did not prevent Duncan's ideas from spreading and establishing a whole range of pseudosciences called "Pseudoarchaeology", from which Anis Mansour took all his stories, and because Egyptian and Arab society was closed to itself at the time, there was no Internet and no one to go back behind them, superstition spread to become a reality among people, and such wonders became an essential part of the culture of our societies.
Strangely enough, these claims were made by two physicists and astronomers, Carl Sagan and Yusuf Čeklowski, in their 1966 book "A Reasonable Life in the Universe", who proposed that there could indeed be advanced civilizations on Earth and thus have the technology to visit Earth at any time, and urged archaeologists to search historical writings for such incidents. What they may have communicated with humans is that the communication was recorded immediately after the first contact, that the communication changed people ’ s lives, and that the beings were clear and did not try to hide their alien identity.
The conditions of the astrophysicists are very good, and indeed they have relied on human history to describe the moments of encounter between very different civilizations and how each of them codified this historical event for him. If, for example, an advanced human civilization visited a primitive society, members of this primitive society would be expected to record this historical event very clearly, but did it appear in any of the artefacts?
In fact, this did not happen, what the pioneers of pseudo-archaeology have done, and continue to do, is the constant truncation of images that appear strange but understandable in context, along with a superstitious interpretation of ambiguous things, and when you say that such a meeting between humans and aliens should be very clear in historical literature, here they answer you with the most important words of conspiracy theories: “Because it was a secret. ”
One of the most important tools of superstition, too, is to beat you with a large amount of information that is truncated or partially false, and you get lost and you can ’ t search to refute all that, and believe in a sense of laziness.
Moreover, in the course of more than 60 years of searching for any sane space signals, scientists have not once been able to detect any signs of their existence, and at the time of writing these words, scientists have not been able to detect the existence of any form of life in outer space, whether sane or not.
Also Read: Facts and Lies
Did aliens really land on Earth?
Racist disguised.
So it's a bunch of claims coming mainly from the domains of pseudo-religions like Scientology that turn prophets into astronauts and portray religious events as connecting with sane "civilizations," and then merged with myths about this totally incomprehensible ancient world, and it doesn't stop with aliens. Pharaoh Khufu, but so beautiful that it could only be made by God, the American writer Scott Creighton argued that the pyramids were built as basements to survive Noah ’ s flood, and Graham Hancock, also a pseudo-archaeologist, argued that the pyramids originated from an early civilization destroyed by an asteroid that fell to Earth 13,000 years ago.
But at that point, University of Colorado anthropologist Sarah Kornick asks, “Have you ever heard any of these superstitious theorists say that the Colosseum was built by aliens, not the Romans? ”
Or is it not the Greeks who built the Parthenon but the aliens?
No, in fact, they would say that these particular entities were built by humans, because the purveyors of pseudo-archaeology are usually extremes of "white supremacy," in the sense that ancient alien theory or other pseudo-archaeology vocabulary involves a racist claim that the inhabitants of South America, Africa and Asia are stupid or foolish or were primitive enough to build such great buildings or possess knowledge. It is enough to build ancient civilizations anyway, which are the starting point of all human civilization, but they were helped by aliens, prophets, or God directly!
This is not the first time, by the way, after the German defeat in World War I in 1918, research on the pre-Aryan history of Old Germany began, and Nazi organizations such as Amt Rosenberg, Ahnenerbe (and later Hitler himself) paid for research into German prehistory. Germany as the beginnings of human civilization!
In a study, Garrett Fagan and Kenneth Vader of the University of Pennsylvania argue that the pseudo-archaeologists who present an alternative history that presents the achievements of ancient civilizations as not their own are, in fact, “hyper-nationalists, racists, and haters. ”
American archaeologist John Hobbs wrote in the Journal of the American Archaeological Society: “False archaeology actively promotes myths that are routinely used in the service of white supremacy, racial nationalism, colonization, expropriation, and oppression of indigenous peoples. ”
In fact, it goes deeper than that: consider, for example, the beginnings of anthropology and the study of mythology around the world, where early scholars of this scale portrayed the mythical Greek stories as more advanced, complex and complex than the mythical stories of sub-Saharan Africa, and then it turned out decades later that this was not true at all, but it was based on racism towards black people. Or maybe they realized it.
We don ’ t know exactly what prompted him to spread such myths, but we do know that real archaeology is unfortunately boring, people don ’ t read about it simply because it ’ s not like the Indiana Jones movies. Ramat! "
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How were the Egyptian pyramids built?
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‘ Bent ’ pyramid: Egypt opens ancient oddity for tourism
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Sliding Friction on Wet and Dry Sand
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The Case of the Ancient Astronauts
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Believe in Atlantis?
These archaeologists want to win you back to science
6.
The Search For Life
7.
Aliens & archaeology: why do we get history wrong on purpose?
Sarah Kurnick | TEDxMileHigh
8.
Crusading against raw men: an alternative view of alternative archaeologies: response to Holtorf (2005)
9.
"The SAA Archaeological Record NOVEMBER 2019 – Volume 19 Number 5"
Source: The Island

Cats were believed to embody the protective qualities of Bastet, guarding homes and families from evil spirits and harm.

The ancient Egyptians believed that cats possessed a divine essence.

Title:

Content: History with their own hands: rook from the tomb of Tutankhamun
0
A replica of a Nile river vessel from Tutankhamun's tomb.
Author 's work and photo
And he made them beautiful.
by placing high pillars around,
and on the pillars full armament -
to eternal memory,
and near the weapons -
and the ships,
so that they were visible to all,
floating on the sea.
The First Book of Maccabees, 13: 29
History and culture.
We have repeatedly said that historical knowledge is based on many surviving monuments of antiquity, such as ancient texts, as well as artifacts such as weapons, objects of labor and everyday life, various structures and, of course, burials.
Especially in this regard, historians were lucky with the ancient Egyptians, the cult of the dead in which required a mass of material goods, which were required to surround the deceased.
Take for example the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, which, as well as its treasures, every modern man has heard for sure and more than once.
Among all its riches were boxes, and armchairs, and tables, and elegant boxes, and... even beautifully made models of ships or, more correctly, boats, vessels for sailing on the Nile.
But in this photo with the reconstruction of the inner appearance of the tomb of Tutankhamun, you can see as many as five such Nile ships, and one of them even with a sail.
Photo by Traumrune
Two of these boats are on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
And both are very reminiscent of the oldest papyrus boats!
Photo by Bill Abbott
Some finds in the tomb of Tutankhamun are real masterpieces of art and applied art.
Here, for example, is this walking boat found in the tomb of Tutankhamun.
It is made of painted wood with sailing rigging, has about 10 cm across and 22 centimeters in length.
Photo by Getty Images
Images of this ship modern Egyptians willingly print on paintings on papyrus, and tourists just as willingly buy them!
The appearance of this boat in real life.
Drawing of a modern artist
Colourfully painted steering oar from an Egyptian river vessel from the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
What if we try to make a model of this ship?
Is it due to its decorative and exotic nature will not become a true decoration of the interior of our apartment or... the most excellent visual aid for the study of history?
Without a doubt!
And, thanks to the availability of modern materials, even an inexperienced modelist can make such a model, such as some grandfather-pensioner who wants to please his grandson or grandchildren, or maybe even great-grandchildren!
And the fact that this is exactly the case has been tested in practice and there is no doubt about it.
So …
Every ship model starts with the hull.
In this case, we will do it in almost the same way as the Egyptians, only slightly adjusting this process.
To begin with, from this photo, increasing it to the desired size, you can get the two most important parts of our "boat" - the deck and keel, setting the profile of the hull.
Deck and keel made of thin cardboard
Now we need a slipway of packing cardboard.
It can be any rough, the main thing is that its upper part would correspond to the deflection of the deck and the keel pasted on it!
Staple for the manufacture of the base for the body
The deck and the keel glued to it, in turn glued to the slipway
Well, now the entire space of the body of the model should be filled with sculptural plasticine.
Of course, both halves of the body at the same time should be symmetrical.
This is how we get the hull of the "boat" made of plasticine, attached to the slipway.
The hull of the boat made of plasticine
Now it should be covered with three layers of torn newsprint (papier-mache).
The first two layers are only on the water.
The third layer is superimposed with PVA glue.
Of course, what you have turned out, you will need to dry thoroughly, but it is best not to put the housing of the future model on the heating battery
When the paper base dries out, the body is sheathed with "boards" of stirring sticks for coffee - buy them today is not a problem everywhere, as well as order online.
If necessary, they are eroded and bent, immersed in hot water and using a hot iron or soldering iron.
And you can just break them down a little...
Body with skin in one layer, on which the second one is glued.
All seams will need to be covered with putty
Here it is necessary to remember about one subtlety: two bands of inlays are made on the hull of the vessel.
We will do them separately and only then paste them into the finished body.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide for two strips on the body, which will be deepened into its skin.
That is, the second layer will have to have the technological “gaps ” that you see in this photo.
You can use PVA glue, and glue "Moment", but in the resulting problem areas it is best to drop superglue.
The process of plating the second layer of "boards"
Ready hull removed from the slipway.
View from inside
The finished hull, removed from the slipway, looks like this from the outside.
The putty for the seams on it should be black in color to imitate the resin
In any case, the finished hull removed from the slipway should be given a few days for final drying.
In the meantime, you can also do deck “superstructures ”.
The "cabin" in the middle of the ship is glued together from packing cardboard and sheathed with colored paper and 3 mm wide mahogany slats, ordered from the company "SV Model".
The fence on the roof is also made of chopsticks with holes drilled into them, into which are inserted... Chinese toothpicks.
The model is very decorated with inlays in a purely Egyptian style.
It's not difficult to make them, but you need a sharp model knife, a metal ruler and... a hard hand.
First, you will need to cut strips of colored paper: red, yellow and green, and tightly stick them on a sheet of paper one to the other in the same order.
The width of the strips is 1 mm.
After drying (you can under the iron!) of the tapered strips, the resulting "mattress" is again cut into strips in 1 mm, only now it is already across and...
Stick these strips, again, one to the other, respectively shifting them in such a way that we get the pattern we need, and all the excess is cut off.
"Cabin".
Right view
Strange “booths ” on the nose and stern, in which it was supposed to sit Pharaoh ’ s person during river walks, are made of wooden rulers.
Racks, again, round slats from the "SV Model", on which beads from old beads are worn.
The most difficult thing is to make the ornaments placed on them.
On some ships they were slotted and depicted the sacred bull Apis.
However, to me the task of cutting four bulls of such a tiny size seemed quite impossible.
But I managed to cut four lying cats out of paper.
Some volume was given to them with the help of several layers of acrylic paint, after which all the cats were glued to their places and painted with bronze paint along with all the details of the cabins, and then also tinted.
This is how the “booths ” on the nose and stern of Tutankhamun ’ s“ boat ” look like before they are installed.
On the model from the tomb, they are disproportionately large, but since in this case it was not the subject of the funeral cult, but the ship that could well sail on the Nile, their height was reduced, but the size of the “cabin ” in the middle of the deck was accordingly increased.
The deck is laid out of chopsticks for coffee and is covered with “amber lacquer ” XB-784 together with the body.
Pedestals under the booths are painted in bright blue color
On the deck around the perimeter are pasted two slats with a thickness of 1 mm and a width of 2 mm from the set "SV Model", and before that they should be covered with stain for wood, so that they look more spectacular
Strips of thick paper with inlays are glued into the cutouts on the body and covered with colorless capon-varnish.
The green lotus leaves on the front and back are cut from thin glossy green paper and pasted on the model skin with PVA glue.
Red and yellow patterns, which can be seen in the photo of the finished case, are cut from... colorful parts from aircraft models!
Ready hull with "cabin" and "cabins" on the bow and aft.
Do not forget that the Egyptians tied the fore and aft extremities with a rope for strength, which should be shown on the model
Further, in order to constantly not grasp the body of the model with your hands, it must be put on a stand.
But what kind of stand for this model to choose?
"Branded" with chiseled brass racks will cost exorbitantly, and besides, it is not interesting, because... not original.
The decision came by itself when I had a quail egg cassette in my hands.
Its protrusions are cut off and turned into supports for the body of the model, and, being respectively painted, they become very similar to stones!
Bases - two layers of packaging cardboard with a lining of mahogany veneer strips.
Here it is - a cassette and two cut protrusions
The texture is a real “wild stone ”!
Stand ready to take the ship!
Sail for such a model is best done not from paper, but from thin fabric.
Drawing cutting sheets on it I printed in the printing house directly on the material here on this sketch...
Sketch of a sail
The finished model, however, is still without a sail, so that you can better see its rigging.
A curious feature of the ancient Egyptian ships was the propyl in the upper part of the mast, into which were inserted rotating wooden discs pulleys, through which the ropes were passed, raising or lowering the rails.
The system was very complex (you can see it in the photo), and how it worked, even looking at their photos in large magnification, is quite difficult to understand.
But... it worked somehow.
It is clear that on my model the pulleys do not rotate, and all the equipment of the ship is glued tightly.
But nevertheless on the mast and there is propyl, and the "wheels" are inserted into it, and the ropes are passed through all this.
In short, it is all the same as it was on the ancient Egyptian ships.
Interestingly, the model “became ” very easily and almost imperceptibly.
Unless I had to do a little bit of rigging.
Well, there are no photos of the model with the sail yet, although it is already installed on it.
For a number of reasons, this project is not quite finished, so with a wind blown sail, she will certainly appear here, although this will have to wait a little.
The finished model, however, is still without the sail installed on it
Continuation should be …
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Title:

Content: These mesmerising henna artists are modernising traditional body art

A meaningful exploration of the history and evolution of henna, told through the mesmerising designs of artists old and new

Our annual Global Women portfolio captures the many ways that women around the world present and represent themselves. Recent history has shown how quickly things can come undone—with that in mind, we found ourselves thinking about what endures. These six stories, each in their own way, are about traditions: the great effort it takes to preserve them, and, in some cases, the ways in which they’re radically reimagined.

It’s hard to pin down the exact origin of the ancient body art of henna. Some speculate that Cleopatra, perhaps the first name that comes to mind when one thinks of the words “consummate beauty,” used it to adorn her body. Scholars widely believe that Egyptians would paint the hair and nails of their deceased with henna before having them mummified and entombed. Others claim that the art form’s earliest documented application exists within ancient Indian texts, postulating that mehendi, as henna’s known in Hindi, had its genesis in India.

It’s evident that sisters Azra and Zahra Khamissa (the former known to many as @dr. azra), and artist Nourie Flayhan have the utmost regard for this most revered of plant dyes as they jointly attempt to acquaint me with its history over the course of a Zoom call patched between India and the Middle East. For millennials and Gen Zers who had relegated henna to “only for special occasions” status, Dr. Azra emerged as a firm crusader when she posted an image of her mehendi-stained fingertips caressing a camel’s face against the backdrop of Dubai’s arid desert. Since then, the chiropractor-turned-designer-turned-artist has spawned a revolution with her minimalist and graphic designs that have elevated henna beyond its traditional roots into an art form that many youngsters now deem “cool.”

Azra smiles modestly through the screen, insisting she had no intention of leading this new charge of henna that everyone credits her for. It all started serendipitously when she was at a friend’s wedding a few years ago and was scrolling through Instagram, looking for simple designs that a novice like her could easily sketch on her hand. “I couldn’t find anything so I decided to do a traditional circle and paint my fingertips,” she recalls.

“Coincidentally, I had a photoshoot the next week for my handbag line and the model was running late so we ended up shooting my painted hands. The pictures turned out beautiful and got featured in i-D. After that, whenever there’d be a friend’s wedding, instead of doing the typical Indian or Arabic designs, I would look up Tunisian or Libyan references that I could do myself because they were so minimalist. Slowly, I started adding my own touches—changing a little bit here and there—because I had to wear henna to wedding occasions, and I didn’t want to sport the traditional designs. So really, all of this happened because I had to find a design language that suited my aesthetic.”

Henna wasn’t really a significant part of Nourie Flayhan’s culture, but growing up in Kuwait, the Lebanese illustrator came to appreciate the tradition that saw all her Kuwaiti friends get their hands adorned during the annual Muslim festival of Eid. Kuwait’s huge South Asian community also meant her Indian friends would often return from their travels with henna-stained arms and feet. “I remember feeling like it was almost a sisterhood ritual to be bound together by this common design on their bodies,” she smiles. “I would often sit in class and doodle designs on my hands and knees. My friends would encourage me to render them using henna tubes, but I never really understood or identified with the traditional designs even though I could appreciate the artistry.” That changed when she met Azra years later while visiting Dubai. “We were at a common friend’s place for movie night and she was sitting in the corner, quietly applying henna on her hand. When she had finished, I took a peek and saw this leopard print on the back of her palm—a departure from the usual flowers and swirls—and there was this instant connection. I was fascinated by how she was using a traditional medium to express herself.” This admiration would later culminate in a wonderful collaboration when Flayhan, commissioned by Azra, would design sticker stencils inspired by “tatreez,” Arabic for the cross-stitch embroidery style unique to the Levantine region, which could be used for easy application of henna using the mehendi cones Azra prepares.

Growing up Muslim in India, I was accustomed to my home being inundated by relatives when Eid came around every year. My mother would pass around cups of tea as the henna artists assiduously went about their work, emblazoning my relatives’ hands, while I was tasked with feeding them on account of my palms being dye-free. I still remember my relatives chiding me for being a “mehendi-abstaining tomboy”—a term I secretly derived great pleasure from because I had consigned henna to the “hobby of the elderly” compartment of my brain. I simply wouldn’t be caught dead in my baggy cargo pants, tank top, and ever-present sweatbands with orange-red curlicue patterns snaking up my arm.

I know I would have felt differently if, like Flayhan, I had seen Azra’s work back then and understood that there was a way for me to embrace this aspect of my culture without feeling like I had to sacrifice my individuality to do it. Azra beams when I point this out, but also confesses that she has immense respect for those who came before her. “For me, Indian and Arabic henna, especially the designs done on brides, is the pinnacle of the art form,” she says. “There are girls here who have been doing that style on their clients for years and they’re so fast that at this point, it’s like muscle memory.”

Some distance away, at the Indian Henna Art Centre in Abu Dhabi, which is known for traditional designs, Neelima Lavana seats her clients, succinctly instructing the artists working under her to get down to business with practised precision. Started in 1984, when Emirati women had a greater predilection for mehendi than they do today, the Indian Henna Art Centre may well have seen the glory days of the art form with Lavana’s loyal roster of clients flocking to the salon at least once every two weeks.

“When we shifted to street level four years after we opened, the rush we had was unforgettable,” the Gujarat native says wistfully. “We actually had to request people to make way for us because there was absolutely no space to even move slightly. It was 8 AM and a horde of women were clamouring for henna. There were even men who came to buy cones for their wives. Chaos in the by-lanes, cars honking out in the street…it was pandemonium. There were 25-30 people in the salon at one point and I had only six designers. It was the kind of madness that I can’t quite begin to explain because I still haven’t been able to understand it myself.”

As more and more Emirati women join the workforce or are galvanised by the entrepreneurial spirit gripping the region’s youth, they are devoting lesser time to ancillary personal grooming, especially slower art forms like henna that require time and patience. But Lavana has faith that the tradition will endure despite this period of dormancy. When I convey Azra’s aforementioned words about “muscle memory” to the 64-year-old, she nods knowingly. “Henna is not an easy art to learn. Even if you’re a good artist, it takes months to gain control over the medium,” she confides. “When you’re drawing using a pencil or painting with a brush, it’s easy strokes, but with a cone, you have to release the precise amount of pressure. Learning that takes years of practice.”

If insights gleaned from Instagram are anything to go by (which, let’s face it, they are), there is burgeoning interest among younger generations for minimalist, culturally conscious henna styles. India-based mehendi artist Prabhleen Kaur, for example, finds inspiration in vintage textiles, local folk art and block printing as well as the flora and fauna of the region she hails from. Medina Trevathan, who lives in London, uses her identity as an interdisciplinary artist working with the sacred plant dye to delve deeper into Islamic, Sufi and Celtic traditions. But another, and perhaps ever-present, contributor to this resurgence of henna in India is Bollywood and the slew of celebrity weddings that have taken place in the last few years.

From “Mehendi Laga Ke Rakhna” in Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) and “Mehndi Hai Rachnewali” in Zubeidaa (2001) to “Kabira” in Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013) and “Cutiepie” from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil(2016), some of the Indian film industry’s most iconic henna moments have found their way onto the mood boards of real brides alongside inspiration from the actual nuptials of A-listers like Anushka Sharma, Deepika Padukone, Katrina Kaif, Alia Bhatt and Kiara Advani. Zahra Khamissa, a writer and creative strategist, who often joins her sister Azra when she retires to her room for a therapeutic session of henna, concurs. “Nourie and I have discussed our obsession with Bollywood at length, and we both agree that Bollywood can eat Hollywood for lunch if given the opportunity. It exposed the world to henna-ed hands and the ceremony of mehendi, and was responsible for setting the blueprint when it comes to the social significance of henna.”

Many purists consider this new order of henna artists to be disruptors of a cherished tradition, modernising the art form to such an extent that it loses its original charm. Azra, who has collaborated with the likes of Gucci and has been commissioned by Apple and Adidas, posits a valid counter: “I think that because there are people who are modernising it, many people who may have lost touch with the ritual have a new way to bring it back.” Flayhan chimes in, “I don’t feel like one cancels the other. There will always be an appreciation for the traditional motifs in the same way that there are separate spaces for contemporary art, modern art and cubism.”

Zahra, for her part, is more forthcoming in her response. “I really don’t think the traditional form is going to disappear because you can’t have the modern without the original. It’s like any design moment that has its phases. Let’s put it like this: the intricate curlicue pattern is the bona fide prototype and will always be there for those who need it. But maybe we can take a step back and allow something else to flourish for a little bit. I think this whole argument is about something much bigger and has to do with the younger generations rejecting tradition altogether.” In her trademark pithy parlance, Lavana shrugs. “It’s your body; do what you like. It’s going to remain for some time and will then fade away. You can change it like you change your clothes.”

Also read:

20 Indian mehandi designs for the traditional bride-to-be

15 simple mehandi designs for the minimalist bride-to-be

Your ultimate guide to bridal mehandi designs

When a family cat died, it was mourned deeply.

Title:

Content: The worries of the mind.
Rafid Ali 3 hours
Some friends blamed me because my previous article, Bridges of Reason, did not address the contribution of the Arabs to the enslavement of Negroes paper, and I had focused only on the role of enslaving Africans by Europeans and trading them as any commodity bought and sold.
The remarks made by gentlemen and ladies are not without realism as the Arabs in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, especially in the Hijaz region, Negro slavery was a common and socially recognized phenomenon, but the article Bridges of Reason was about highlighting the idea that the Negro mind, as an intellectual and philosophical issue, has begun to take its place within the contexts of opposition to European centralism, which is a common denominator with a prominent stream of contemporary Arab thinkers. They studied our mind a few decades ago, and my reference to the article mentioned slavery and enslavement of Negroes was part of the talk about the personality and identity of the African that is supposed to give him space in his culture and contemporary values today in front of Europe and its centrality, according to the Cameroonian Achilles Mbembe and his compatriot Devin Foh, who in this way share an intellectual approach with some men. This has led me to believe that it is an opportunity for the Arab elite to extend its bridges of communication with Africans culture, science and thought in order to create something for us in the age of blocs in which we live, which strengthens our position as peoples and countries still seeking to prove themselves and extract recognition of their rights and personality.
I did not mean in the article Bridges of Reason to avoid the role of Arabs in slavery and enslavement globally, this is a foregone conclusion despite the West ’ s academic exaggerations by pushing in the name of Arabs to assume the historical responsibility towards the Negro man in a way that lifts Europe ’ s historical condemnation on the one hand, and relieves it of its shameful moral guilt on the other.
Here, it should be clarified that the role of the Arabs in the history of enslavement of the Negroes and their Arab enslavement through the coasts of the West and East of the Black Continent or through the Great Sahara, is less severe than the slavery and enslavement of the white man when the European took the lead of the world in science and industry. He was forced from the original occupant, and took away his land and its goods, and now the stage is forcing their greed to resort to forced labor to rebuild that vast world.
The West, with its progress in shipbuilding, had invaded and dominated the world of slavery because of the abundance of money, ingenuity and sophisticated technology, driven by a spirit of capitalism high in science and ambition to create a new world at any cost, which made the enslavement of the Negro more intense and violent than the Arabs' historical role in the enslavement of the black man.
This is illustrated by the large numbers of black Africans who were transported by the Spanish, Portuguese and English from the East African coasts to Lisbon and Liverpool as a first step to their transatlantic transfer of the new land, as observed by Muhammad Adam Kalbo in his research on the slave trade and its impact on the African mind.
Slavery existed in Arab culture in general, no doubt, but it was certainly, at the same time, different from the slavery of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, as the slavery of the Arabs to the Negroes was protected by masters within a social institution based on the Koran, according to the report of the British Consul Stans in the Arabian Gulf in 1823 to his government in London: They are Arabs, but they also have a great deal of power and influence.
We must admit that the rebuke for the mistreatment of slaves should be directed at us English, not the Eastern Muslim peoples, "he said.
The era of guns known in the Negro imagination, or African, indicates the extent of the problem of the West in beating Africans with each other by sending them into bloody wars among themselves, in which the West offers weapons in exchange for obtaining prisoners of those wars or fleeing them, but their bad luck fell them in the hands of the tribesmen victorious.
European castles, which were used as hangars to store slaves before they were deported, are still an eyewitness to the ugliness of the era, despite what the West, at least academically, promotes that "the Arabs are masters of slavery and slavery" in many writings and studies.
In 1791 there were 40 castles or prisons where blacks were held before being deported across the Atlantic, the Dutch had 15 castles, the English 14 of the total, the Portuguese and the Danes each had 4 castles, while France had 3 castles, and European names emerged in the slave markets, as in the case of the English Sir John Hawkins in the port of Liverpool, which was one of the most important ports in the transatlantic shipping of blacks to the New World. Sold - as a main port - 107 ships out of 192 ships in total, as the Times newspaper Dunia Al-Ashri explains in 1877 raised the issue of the escape of a slave named Morgan Swih to escape from his master in the city of Jeddah to a British barge stationed on the coasts, but the report of the British consul in Jeddah at the time, which he submitted to his government in London...
His owner treated him well and never beat him, but he complained that his body was cold and his light clothes were not enough for him.
And for that, he spontaneously took refuge in the barge. "
The Dutch orientalist and traveler Snook Horovronier, who lived in the Arab region for a short time and slept with the Arabs of the Hijaz before the prohibition of slavery, criticizes those who convey the news of slaves to the Arabs as a relationship of superiority by the master, and even recounts as a witness that the sale is only done by asking the slave if he is satisfied with the deal. That will take place between the master buyer and the slave who is the "place of contract" as in the language of jurisprudence.
The Orientalist also states that the punishment of falaqa is a well-known method practiced by fathers on their children as well and cannot be considered limited to beating slaves.
The British deputy consul in Hejaz in 1877 stated in his explanatory memorandum to his ministry that slaves "are treated humanely and free of insults and rarely have any complaints against their owners," as blogger Mahmoud Abdul Ghani Sabbagh explains in his Fifty Years of Abolition of Slavery: The Story of the Slave Trade in Hejaz 1855-1962.
There is no doubt that it is the right of Africans to strive strongly not to erase the history of slavery from memory and history in general, and that it is wise for Africans to adopt the history of slavery with pride, to commemorate its victims and to highlight the weakness of human values and human weakness in those unjust eras, and to seek without hesitation in their liberation march without any fragmentation of African history in order to achieve their own entity and mind. Because we share with them the same concerns of the mind.

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