# India-Russia Relations Under Modi and Putin: A Strategic Partnership Amidst Regional Rivalries

## Executive Summary

The India-Russia relationship has undergone significant evolution under Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Vladimir Putin, maintaining its strategic depth despite changing global dynamics.

While the partnership faces new challenges from India's growing ties with the West and its complex rivalry with China, both nations continue to prioritize their bilateral cooperation in defense, energy, and regional security matters.

## Historical Context and Foundation

Russia's relationship with India dates back to the Soviet era, when India chose non-alignment during the Cold War while maintaining close ties with Moscow.

The Soviet Union provided crucial military assistance to India during the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict and supported India in its disputes with Pakistan, including helping to broker the Tashkent Declaration in 1966 that ended the second Indo-Pakistani war.

This historical foundation has proven resilient, with India continuing its policy of non-alignment while seeking

# India-Russia Relations Under Modi and Putin: A Strategic Partnership Amidst Regional Rivalries

## Executive Summary

The India-Russia relationship has undergone significant evolution under Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Vladimir Putin, maintaining its strategic depth despite changing global dynamics.

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Content: TEHRAN, Dec. 07 (MNA) – In a joint statement, Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Indian Prime Minister called for closer cooperation in support of JCPOA talks in Vienna and full implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 2231.

Heading a delegation, Russian President Vladimir Putin has traveled to the Indian capital, New Delhi to discuss bilateral relations with this Asian country.

During this visit, Vladimir Putin met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday and they issued a joint statement following their bilateral meeting.

In the joint statement, the Indian and Russian leaders called for closer cooperation in support of the ongoing JCPOA talks in Vienna.

Narendra Modi and Vladimir Putin also called for the full implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 2231.

According to the statement, New Delhi and Moscow expressed their support for reaching a bilateral agreement in Vienna.

They also stressed the development of bilateral cooperation in various fields of defense and space programs.

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Content: China / Russia
1950-1982: A 30-year review of the turbulent Sino-Soviet relations
When Xi Jinping and Putin declared “friendship without limits ” at their summit in February 2022, the message was that relations between Beijing and Moscow had reached a new peak.
At a time when Russia invaded Ukraine and Putin was isolated by the international community, Xi ’ s recent visit to China shows that Sino-Russian relations also have limitations in the intertwining of interests.
However, it is clear that from the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance in 1950 to the present, the orientation of the relationship between the two countries has undergone a subversive change.
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According to the analysis of the report of the French Institute of International Relations, Putin's invasion of Ukraine exposed the limitations of the Sino-Russian partnership and highlighted the sometimes divergent interests of the two countries.
Far from being an autocratic alliance, this is a quintessential majority-state relationship centered on realpolitik.
But China and Russia are strategically autonomous actors with fundamentally different attitudes to the international order.
The China-Russia partnership remains resilient, both sides recognize its importance and cannot fail, especially since there is no viable alternative to continued cooperation.
However, the balance of power in this relationship is changing rapidly.
This also means that from the era when China and the Soviet Union began to provide a lot of technical assistance to China by signing the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance in 1950, to the Sino-Russian Joint Declaration on Deepening Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation in the New Era signed by Xi Jinping in 2023, the roles of “Big Brother ” and“ Little Brother ” have been reversed historically.
France24 TV recently reported a review of the ups and downs in Sino-Soviet relations between 1950 and 1982, showing that although the vaunted Sino-Russian relationship is said to be in good shape, this has not always been the case in history.
Shortly after World War II, Mao Zedong created the People ’ s Republic, a turbulent relationship with Big Brother in the Soviet Union that could be said to have lasted for 30 years.
Stéphanie Balme, a professor at the Paris Institute of Political Science and an expert on China, believes that the relationship between the Soviet Union and China was very bad, but after the Soviet Union broke up into Russia, Sino-Russian relations were very good.
Mao called Stalin his worst friend.
In fact, Mao Zedong was concerned at the time not to become a “vassal ” of Russia.
During a visit to Moscow.
Putin expressed admiration for China ’ s “Great Leap Forward, ” a Soviet-era term used to express appreciation for the speed of China ’ s economic growth.
It also shows that Putin still has not “digested ” the end of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The crux of the present situation is that there has been a complete and incredible reversal of the historical situation.
Click to watch the France24 video report:

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Content: Confronting the Russians?
UK, India Sign Indo-Pacific Defence Agreement | Deutsche Welle Presents Germany from Germany | DW | 22.04.2022
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Confronting the Russians?
UK, India sign Indo-Pacific defence pact
Britain and India have signed a new defense cooperation agreement, and the next step is to complete a free trade agreement by the end of this year.
India and Britain said threats from authoritarian countries were on the rise.
Johnson and Modi are expected to finalize their trade agreement before the 2024 election.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson met with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi on Friday to sign an agreement that would establish a closer security relationship and make the process of procuring weapons easier.
Johnson's visit comes at a time when the West is seeking to persuade India to distance itself from Russia.
"Common interest"
In a speech in New Delhi, Johnson described an “expanded ” new defense and security partnership with India.
Although exact details have not yet been released, Johnson said it would involve procurement “to respond to threats across land, sea, aviation, space and cyber. ”
Among them, the UK will issue an “Open General Export Licence ” to India, which will reduce bureaucracy and shorten the delivery time for defence procurement.
Both India and Britain say the threat from authoritarian states is on the rise.
“We must therefore deepen our cooperation, including our common interest in keeping the Indo-Pacific open and free, ” Johnson said.
He called the new partnership a "decades-long commitment" and said Britain would help India build its own warplanes.
Modi said Johnson's visit to India on the 75th anniversary of its independence from Britain was "historic."
"We discussed regional and international developments and emphasized the establishment of a free, open, inclusive and rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region," he added.
Johnson and Modi said they also hoped to sign a free trade agreement by the end of the year.
In addition, Modi revealed that the two sides also discussed the situation in Ukraine, stressing the importance of diplomacy and dialogue to solve the problem.
India, along with the United States, Japan and Australia, is part of the Group of Four, which is seen as an alliance to counterbalance China.
The United States wants India to distance itself from Russia, pictured at a meeting between Biden and Modi on November 11
Trying to keep India away from Russia?
The visit comes after the United States last month tried to pull India away from Russia because India relies on Russian imports for energy, agricultural products and military hardware.
U.S. President Joe Biden called India's response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine "somewhat shaky."
New Delhi has refused to publicly condemn the Kremlin, abstained from a UN vote on the issue, and has not imposed sanctions on Moscow.
This position has triggered a series of recent Western diplomatic activity.
Read more: Sanctions against Russia?
India: No, no, we want more Russian products
However, Indian Foreign Minister Harsh Vardhan Shringla told reporters after the meeting that Johnson had not put any "pressure" on Modi over India's stance on the war.
"Prime Minister Johnson shared his view and Prime Minister Modi shared our view that the Russo-Ukrainian war should end immediately without any form of pressure," he said.
(AFP, AP, Reuters)
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Content: Modi flies to Moscow for first time since the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War
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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Russia for a visit, which is Modi's first visit to Russia since the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war.
Modi arrived in Moscow on Monday (July 8) for his first visit to Russia since 2019.
It was also his first trip since he began his third premiership in June.
"I look forward to reviewing various aspects of bilateral cooperation with my friend President Putin and exchanging views on various regional and global issues," Modi said in a statement.
"We seek to play a supportive role for a peaceful and stable region," he added.
Russia remains India ’ s main supplier of cheap oil and weapons, but Moscow ’ s isolation from the West and friendly relations with Beijing have affected its long-standing partnership with New Delhi.
At the same time, Western powers have cultivated relations with India in recent years to counter China and its growing influence in the Asia-Pacific region, while forcing India to distance itself from Russia.
Modi ’ s last visit to Russia was in 2019. A few weeks before Russia ’ s all-out military campaign against Ukraine in 2022, Modi hosted visiting Putin in New Delhi.
Indian state media confirmed on Monday afternoon that Modi had arrived in Russia for an official visit.
India has avoided explicitly condemning Russia during the war and abstained from voting on a UN resolution condemning Moscow.
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Content: “Policy of expanding cooperation ”: what issues will be discussed by the leaders of Russia and China during the visit of Xi Jinping to Moscow
Chinese President Xi Jinping will pay a state visit to Russia on March 20-22.
According to the Kremlin, the agenda of the talks will include the development of strategic cooperation and the exchange of views in the context of deepening cooperation in the international arena.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry noted that the visit of the head of the republic to Moscow will create new incentives for the development of relations between the two countries.
Political scientists emphasize that the arrival of Xi Jinping after his re-election as President of the PRC indicates that China continues its policy of expanding cooperation with Russia.
• Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin in the Kremlin ’ s St. George ’ s Hall, archival photo
• RIA News
• © Alexey Druzhinin
On Monday, March 20, will begin a state visit to Russia by Chinese President Xi Jinping, who will visit the country at the invitation of Vladimir Putin, the Kremlin said.
"During the talks, topical issues of further development of relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction between Russia and China will be discussed," the release notes. - An exchange of views is also planned in the context of deepening Russian-Chinese cooperation in the international arena.
A number of important bilateral documents will be signed. ”
Later, the press Secretary of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Peskov said that on March 20 during an informal dinner, Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping will talk tete-a-tete, and on the 21st will be “the day of negotiations ”.
In turn, the assistant to the head of state Yuri Ushakov revealed some details of the upcoming visit.
According to him, during the talks, the leaders of the two countries will discuss, among other things, the situation in Ukraine and issues of military-technical cooperation.
Two main documents are expected to be signed: a declaration on deepening partnership and strategic cooperation, as well as a joint statement on the development plan for key areas of bilateral economic cooperation until 2030.
In addition, Ushakov said that March 20 will be published articles of the leaders of the two countries on relations between China and Russia.
At the highest level
The upcoming visit of the Chinese President was also commented on by the Chinese Foreign Ministry.
The official representative of the Ministry Wang Wenbin at a press briefing said that Xi Jinping ’ s trip to Russia will contribute to the promotion of strategic cooperation and practical interaction between the states.
“President Xi ’ s trip will be a visit to cooperation: it will strengthen bilateral cooperation in a number of areas to achieve greater harmony and cooperation between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as help both countries achieve their respective development goals, ” he said.
The Chinese diplomat stressed that the leaders will discuss important global and regional issues, noting that relations between Moscow and Beijing are of great importance in the context of increasing instability in the international arena.
Also, Xi Jinping intends to discuss in detail with Vladimir Putin the build-up of practical interaction between the two countries, said the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
“During this visit, President Xi will hold a detailed exchange of views with President Putin on bilateral relations, major international and regional issues of mutual interest, strengthen strategic coordination and practical cooperation between the two countries, and give a new impetus to the expansion of bilateral ties, ” Wang said.
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The official representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC highly appreciated the Russian-Chinese relations, adding that they are based on a solid foundation and have great potential and space for development.
In recent years, President Xi Jinping and President Putin have maintained close contacts.
They set the course and the benchmark for ensuring sustainable, reliable and stable growth within the framework of the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership and interaction entering a new era, ” Wang said.
Recall that since his election as President of the PRC, Xi Jinping has visited Russia several times.
He first arrived in Moscow on March 22, 2013, a week after taking office, and in September the leaders met ahead of the G20 summit in St. Petersburg.
In 2015, Xi Jinping took part in the celebrations on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, and two months later, the heads of state met in Ufa.
In 2018, the President of the PRC visited the Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok.
The previous visit took place in 2019, when the Chinese leader first arrived in Moscow, and then visited the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.
Also on the subject
Strategic alliance: how the partnership between Russia and China is developing
Against the backdrop of the ongoing changes in international relations, China and Russia have become even more aware of the importance of mutual support and cooperation.
Over the past ten years, a number of meetings of heads of state have been held in China.
In 2014, the leaders held talks ahead of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum in Beijing.
In 2016, Vladimir Putin twice visited China on official visits: to meet with the Chinese President and to participate in the G20 summit in Hangzhou.
In May 2017, the president arrived in Beijing to participate in the One Belt, One Road forum, and in September, the BRICS summit was held in Xiamen.
In 2018, Putin visited China, and in 2019, the events of the second international forum “One Belt, One Road ” took place.
Finally, in February 2022, the Russian leader attended the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in Beijing and held talks with Xi Jinping.
The last time the two leaders met in person at the summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Samarkand in September last year.
Russia has repeatedly noted that in recent years bilateral relations with China have reached an unprecedented high level.
In particular, in February, at the government hour in the State Duma, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said this.
In his speech, he noted that Moscow and Beijing are “vigorously working ” to strengthen the strategic partnership,“ which has reached a historically unprecedented high and trusting level. ”
“The foreign policy relationship between Moscow and Beijing cements the foundation of the emerging polycentric architecture, serves as a balancing and stabilizing factor in world affairs, ” Lavrov said.
At the same time, the head of Russian diplomacy noted that, like Russia, China is under pressure for its commitment to a multipolar world order.
“China is imposing sanctions on chips / semiconductors, wanting to prevent it from breaking out.
They are trying to “elevate ” Taiwan (two or three producers) in order to“ belittle ” China in this economic competition.
This process (the formation of a multipolar world. — RT) is a historical era.
Do not “shut down ” in one day what is happening between China and the United States, China and the EU.
That's trillion-dollar investment.
To break them overnight is to create great hardships for the people.
The West is going for it.
They don ’ t care, ” Lavrov said.
• Xi Jinping at the CPC Plenary Congress
• Gettyimages.ru
• © Lintao Zhang
We highly appreciate the level of relations with Russia and in China.
Thus, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of China Qin Gang at a press conference on March 7 noted that the link between Moscow and Beijing is an important guarantor of global stability, while Washington ’ s “lost common sense ” policy is pushing the world to disaster.
“The more stability is lacking in the world, the more important it is to strengthen Russian-Chinese ties, ” the minister said.
Qin Gang added that Russia and China, by their example, showed the world how to build strategic good-neighborly relations, and proposed a new type of interstate cooperation.
“These relations will continue to develop and rise to new heights, ” the Foreign Minister expressed confidence.
Nearest partner
In an interview with RT, the head of the HSE School of Oriental Studies Andrei Karneev noted that Xi Jinping ’ s visit to Russia had been planned since the beginning of the year.
“This visit is a confirmation of the Russian-Chinese comprehensive strategic partnership.
There is a lot of speculation in the world media about the arrival of Xi Jinping, but above all, this visit will prove that the cooperation between Russia and China stands the test of time.
It gives the parties an opportunity to exchange views on a wide range of issues on the international agenda, on the situation in world politics, as well as to discuss bilateral ties in trade, economic, cultural and other areas, ” the source said.
• Chinese President Xi Jinping at the Chinese Communist Party Congress
• Gettyimages.ru
• © Lintao Zhang
A similar point of view was expressed by the head of the sector of economy and policy of China of the Center for Asia-Pacific Studies IMEMO RAS Sergey Lukonin.
At the same time, the political scientist recalled that this trip will be the first foreign visit of the President of the PRC after he was re-elected for a third term.
“This underscores the special status of China-Russia relations.
There are both breakthroughs and certain difficulties.
However, in general, everything is fine, and the movement towards a multipolar world continues, ” the expert said.
Also on the subject
“Stop applying multiple standards ”: what is behind China ’ s response to the call of the G7 countries not to support Russia
China urged the G7 countries to stop imposing illegal sanctions and focus on peace.
This was stated by the official representative...
The arrival of the Chinese leader is also especially important in the context of unprecedented restrictions imposed by the collective West against Russia, Sergei Lukonin believes.
“The fact that the leader of the second economy of the world is coming to us, once again emphasizes that the policy of sanctions is unsuccessful.
Another significance of Xi Jinping ’ s visit is that our strategic partnership with China is developing and no one has driven a wedge between us.
At the same time, Xi Jinping ’ s visit to Russia is also important for Beijing itself.
China is just as much in a state of active competition with the United States as Russia.
And the current visit of the PRC leader demonstrates that Russia is China ’ s closest partner in this confrontation, ” the political scientist said.
Moreover, the trends that have developed in China in relation to the Russian Federation do not change, said Lukonin.
China also sees Russia as its closest partner.
This visit just emphasizes that, despite the reshuffle in the leadership of the PRC, with the exception of President Xi Jinping, there will be no serious changes in relation to the Russian Federation, and the policy of expanding cooperation will continue, ” the source concluded.
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Content: Russia and Turkey in Kazakhstan.
Virtual compatibility and feverish competition
Since the outbreak of the protests in Kazakhstan and the subsequent developments, it seems that both Turkey and Russia adopt the same position on the crisis, which is the need to restore stability in the country under the rule of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, but a deeper look at the reality of positions and roles says that they are in a state of intense competition in this crisis.
The Turkish-Russian rapprochement remains tactical rather than strategic, driven by Turkey ’ s traditional allies ’ disregard for its interests and national security, as well as its efforts to avoid a clash with Russia, which has been “besieged ” by several sides due to the developments of the past years, especially its direct military intervention in Syria since September 2015.
Turkey and Russia
The Turkish-Russian relations are recently one of the thorny and problematic files on many followers, and revolve around inaccurate assessments driven by impressions generated by successive developments in the last few years, in which Ankara seemed closer to its historical opponent Moscow than its traditional ally Washington.
The two sides have developed their political and economic relations significantly in the era of justice and development, especially in the last few years after the crisis of the downing of a Russian fighter jet in Turkish airspace (autumn 2015).
Relations between the two countries have reached strategic areas, such as qualitative arms deals such as the S-400 missile defense system, and giant energy projects such as the Akkuyu nuclear reactor and the Blue Stream natural gas project.
The two sides have also concluded bilateral and collective understandings that have avoided confrontation in a number of conflicts and enabled them to manage their differences so far, such as Syria, Libya and the Caucasus.
Added to all this is the noticeable tension in Turkey ’ s relations with its Western allies, especially the United States, which prompted some to talk about Turkey ’ s “eastward orientation ” and its“ alliance ” with Russia and the denunciation of its Western alliances.
However, this assessment is inaccurate, exaggerated and somewhat hasty given the current data, and the point is that there is a radical change in Turkey ’ s relations with the great powers, driven on the one hand by the end of the Cold War and the state of fluidity in the global system since then and on the other hand by changing Ankara ’ s view of itself, its status, interests, power, and the roles it can play. External.
Therefore, the Turkish-Russian rapprochement remains tactical rather than strategic, driven by the disregard of Turkey ’ s traditional allies for its interests and national security, as well as its efforts to avoid a clash with Russia, which has been “besieged ” from several sides by developments of the past years, especially its direct military intervention in Syria since September 2015.
In addition to the historical conflict and traditional differences between the two sides, and the geopolitical realities that contribute to it, they have different, competing, and sometimes conflicting visions on most issues of common interest from Syria to Libya, from the Caucasus to Ukraine and Crimea, from the Balkans to Central Asia, and from the Black Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean.
The recent crisis in Kazakhstan can be said to be an additional example of the state of difference and rivalry between the two countries, although the opposite appears in official statements and declared positions.
A feverish competition.
Since the outbreak of protests in Kazakhstan earlier this year, there are two main narratives competing to explain the event: First, they are demanding demonstrations - economic and political - from the people in the face of a regime often described as authoritarian, former President Nursultan Nazarbayev remained in power for nearly three decades before leaving the post to one of his men, nominally only according to many.
The second is that it is a fabricated crisis by the United States and the West in the face of Russia on the sidelines of the Ukrainian crisis recently; thus, it is a repeated scenario of "color revolutions" and the attempt to "harass" Moscow in its strategic depth and bring regimes and governments farther away from it and closer to Washington.
Most likely, the two narratives have some merit, and the truth is a combination of these and those, albeit to different degrees.
But there is an absent element present in this assessment, which is Turkey ’ s relationship to developments, or more precisely the relationship of developments – especially the Russian intervention – with Turkey.
Central Asia, especially the Turkish republics established after the collapse of the Soviet Union, is one of the most important areas of competition between Russia and Turkey, which the latter manages on its own behalf and partly on behalf of the Western bloc, consisting of ethnic Turkish (and Muslim) majorities and Russian minorities, most of which are governed by pro-Moscow regimes.
Ankara's interest in these republics began after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and former Turkish President Turgut Ozal spoke of the borders of "the Turkish world from the Adriatic to the China Sea".
In 2009, Turkey established the Turkish Council, which brought together the Turkish-speaking countries of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, as well as Hungary as observers.
It is the Council that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced last November to turn into the Organization of Turkish States, which seeks to deepen and develop cooperation in the Turkish world, stressing that its leaders approved the document "Turkish World Vision 2040" as a future perspective of the organization.
In the official positions announced, both Moscow and Ankara support stability in Kazakhstan, call for calm and declare their support for Kazakhstan and their confidence in the return of calm soon, and the formation of a new government as soon as possible, but this does not mean that the position of the two sides is the same.
Moscow is closer to adopting the regime ’ s narrative of “foreign-trained gangs, ”“ terrorist elements, ” and “subversion projects, ” so the statement of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (a Russian-led organization founded in the 1990s that included former Soviet states, including Kazakhstan) mentioned the presence of“ outside hands ” fueling unrest in the country through “foreign-trained gangster formations. ”
On the other hand, Ankara did not show explicit support for the regime or the president, but for Kazakhstan as a state and people, and did not neglect in its official statements to refer to popular demands; Erdogan expressed, during his contact with Tokayev, his hope for the formation of a new government.
End the tension as soon as possible. ”
The statement of the Turkish Foreign Ministry hoped to "ensure the security and well-being of the brotherly Kazakh people," and expressed "confidence in the Kazakh people."
While Turkish presidential spokesman Ibrahim Kalin said his country "will always stand by Kazakhstan," Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu stressed that the member states of the Organization of Turkish States are ready to provide all forms of support "for stability and peace" in the country.
The speaker of the Turkish parliament, Mustafa Şantub, expressed his confidence that “Kazakhstan is a country and a people that will overcome these difficult days by being wise. ”
The reading of Russia ’ s rapid, forceful and effective intervention, under the umbrella of the CSTO, sending thousands of troops in a short period to Kazakhstan as a quick action to prevent the deterioration of events, and pulling the rug from under the United States – is correct but not complete; it also preempts the Turkish role that sought to communicate with the Kazakh president, as well as the newly announced member states of the Organization of Turkish States.
The declaration of a summit of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) one day before the announced summit of the Organization of Turkish States on 11 January is a sufficient indication of this implicit and unspoken dimension.
Thus, the crisis in Kazakhstan is in addition to the contentious or minimally competitive files between Ankara and Moscow, which have recently managed their differences in a game of chess without the need for a direct clash.
The end of the recent military confrontation between Azerbaijan and Armenia was a symbolic gain for Turkey, but Russia has deployed troops on Azerbaijani territory.
Before that, Ankara overturned the equation in Libya by supporting the GNA, but Moscow stopped the latter ’ s forces at Sirte.
Perhaps it is useful to note that Turkish-Russian relations are not at the same level as the previous warmth, the frequency and intimacy of meetings and contacts between Erdogan and Putin in 2021, and the exchange of messages between them recently in the Balkans, and the signs of a new dispute appeared in the Syrian file after the recent Astana meeting, and the US pressure on Turkey regarding the S-400 system continues.
The two countries will not rush into direct or indirect confrontation, according to our reading of the data, they are used to overcome this possibility through several mechanisms, but the contentious files between them are increasing in number, heat and complexity on the sidelines of the Russian-Western tension, which may reflect on some issues with large or small explosions intended or rolling.
Perhaps Syria is the most prominent candidate for this as it has always been, while the most important will be to follow the strategies of each of the two countries in managing the relationship with Nur-Sultan and the state of their competition in Central Asia in general in the long term.

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23.09.2021 17: 20 (Moscow), Moscow, Vladimir Gladkov
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The United States dragged into its alliance strategic partner of the Russian Federation
Washington is preparing two military-political blocs against China.
This was stated on the air of the Internet channel “PolitWera ” by the Russian political observer Maxim Yusin, reports the correspondent of“ PolitNavigator ”.
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“Now two alliances against China are being built absolutely clearly, the first is AUKUS, which caused a scandal, and we will talk about the name of the second one in a few days when the summit takes place.
This alliance is more unpleasant for us, because it includes Australia, the United States, Japan, which is not so pleasant, given that we have territorial contradictions with them.
And what is not good at all is India, which has a special relationship with Russia, ” Yusin said.
“This alliance is against China and only against China, there is no question of Russia.
But nevertheless, the fact that our traditional partner India is drifting there is not very good news, ” the expert said.
In addition, the observer stressed that in allied relations with the United States, India remains a traditional partner of Russia and continues to purchase Russian weapons and other cooperation.
“On the other hand, it is significant that the main Russian security officer, Alexei Patrushev, was recently on a visit to Delhi, and unlike the head of the CIA, who arrived the next day, he was received at the highest level, he was received by Indian Prime Minister Modi, ” Yusin said.
“We will not leave India, and India will not leave us.
I know that India is interested in preserving itself in the Russian direction.
Most importantly, India has defended the Russian S-400 from America.
India, as an ally of the United States, buys S-400 from us, but unlike Turkey, no one makes any noise, because the Indians, when necessary, can clearly say: “This is our area of responsibility, and it is part of the way we see national sovereignty.
“Guys, don ’ t go. ”
The Americans understood this and fell behind, ” concluded the observer.
We will remind, earlier in Australia confirmed the unilateral termination of the contract of the century ”, signed in 2016 by Australia and the French company with state participation “Naval Group ” for the construction of twelve diesel submarines worth about 56 billion euros.
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Content: India, Russia
Indian Foreign Minister's Visit to Moscow Concerned Over Continued Russo-Ukrainian Conflict
Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar arrived in Moscow on Monday for a meeting with his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov.
Indian Foreign Ministry said that during the two-day visit, Sujson will hold discussions on all bilateral issues and exchange views on regional and international situations.
In the context of the ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia, the visit of the Indian foreign minister is of vital importance to Russia, which seeks to maintain a special relationship with New Delhi.
Over the past week, Russian President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly praised India and its leaders.
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According to the Bangalore-based journalist Côte Bastin, the purpose of Sujason ’ s visit was to reaffirm the close relationship between India and Russia, which has been tested in the context of the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and India ’ s refusal to face Russia ’ s invasion of Ukraine at the United Nations, mainly on the basis that New Delhi does not want to offend its traditional partners, while Russia is India ’ s main arms supplier.
But Moody's tone changed when he spoke with Putin on the sidelines of the SCO summit in Samarkand on Sept. 16.
At the time, Modi told Putin that "the present is no longer an era of war, but an era of dialogue."
India also demanded assurances from Russia that it would not be the first to use nuclear weapons.
In the past 10 days, Russian President Vladimir Putin has publicly praised India on various occasions, saying that "the future belongs to India - the world's largest democracy led by patriot Modi" and "Indians are talented and determined."
Russian media also generally echo Putin, emphasizing India's role as a multi-polar power.
For India, the primary purpose of the visit is to discuss strategic business agreements between the two sides, including Russian gas.
The Indian Foreign Ministry declined to comment on the specifics of the talks, but India is likely to reiterate its desire for a peaceful resolution of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis.
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Content: Russia-India coordination, balance, US-India approach?
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Source: Global Times
Author: Wang Shida
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke by telephone with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the 20th to further develop the "special and privileged strategic partnership" between the two countries.
At the beginning of this month, Russia and India held an annual leaders' summit, launched the first "2 + 2" dialogue between foreign ministers and defense ministers, and agreed to strengthen cooperation and coordination on bilateral and multilateral issues, and signed up to 28 cooperation agreements.
In just two weeks, the summit had two interactions, which sent a signal that Russian-Indian relations were more special than before.
From the interaction on the 6th, Putin led a strong delegation to visit India and held the annual Russian-Indian leaders' summit.
This is Putin's second overseas visit since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, highlighting the importance he attaches to the "special and privileged strategic partnership" between the two countries.
During the visit, Russia and India held their first "2 + 2" meeting, which will help deepen mutual understanding and strengthen the special and privileged strategic partnership between the two countries.
The most important of the 28 cooperation agreements signed by Russia and India is the Agreement on Military Technical Cooperation 2021-2031.
The document will provide guidance for Russian-Indian military cooperation in the next 10 years, especially to promote joint development and production of weapons and equipment.
It can be said that the foundation for the next stage of military interaction between Russia and India has been laid.
In addition, Russia and India are also actively discussing the signing of a military logistics agreement similar to the memorandum of understanding on logistics exchange between the two countries to facilitate the use of each other's military bases.
Once signed in the future, the Russian-Indian military relations will take another step forward.
The two leaders discussed how to implement the agreement reached at the December 6 meeting, agreed to maintain regular contact on all aspects covered by the Russian-Indian “special and privileged strategic partnership ”, continue to deepen bilateral cooperation and consultation and coordination in multilateral forums, and exchange views on international stability and security issues, including the situation in the Asia-Pacific region.
Since taking office as US president at the beginning of the year, Biden has inherited and strengthened the Indo-Pacific strategy of his predecessor, Trump, and has courted India as the key to its success.
To this end, Biden has made efforts to promote the upgrading and implementation of the four-nation mechanism.
In March this year, the four-nation mechanism held its first video summit, issued a joint declaration, and established three working groups to implement the summit consensus.
In September, the four-nation mechanism held its first offline summit, reiterating the implementation of cooperation in the fields of vaccines and high-quality infrastructure, and proposing to jointly train scientific and technological talents to create a "closed loop of scientific and technological talents of the four countries".
For example, the United States has continued to deepen the "comprehensive global strategic cooperative partnership" between the United States and India.
On March 19, U.S. Defense Secretary William Austin visited India, calling the U.S.-India relationship "a key pillar of a free and open Indo-Pacific."
Under the continued cozying up of the Biden administration, India's attitude of strategic autonomy has become blurred, and it has clearly moved closer to and tilted toward the United States in implementing its foreign policy of "multi-faceted alliance."
During his visit to the United States in September, Modi said that "the relationship between the United States and India has entered a critical transition period".
In the face of the continuous promotion of the "Indo-Pacific Strategy" by the United States and the drift and deviation of India in the two strategic directions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean and the Eurasian continent, Russia is certainly alert.
As early as the Cold War, Russia and India established a relatively special strategic cooperative partnership, even reaching the level of quasi-allies.
At the end of the Cold War, Russia pushed India to join strategic designs such as the "trilateral dialogue between China, Russia and India" in an attempt to promote the establishment of a fair and multipolar world order.
Russia also sees India as an important partner in the Indian Ocean region and an important contributor to the effects of radiation in the Indian Ocean region.
To this end, Russia has taken a series of actions, Foreign Minister Lavrov and other high-level leaders directly expressed opposition to the United States using the "Indo-Pacific strategy" as a tool to contain China and Russia and create regional division.
This round of Russian-Indian strategic coordination is also the proper meaning of Russia's anti-Indo-Pacific strategy.
In particular, Russia and India signed a major defense cooperation order, began the delivery of S-400 air defense system, and will soon sign a military logistics agreement, which is conducive to consolidating defense and military cooperation between the two countries, hedging the penetration and erosion of the traditional Russian arms market by the United States in the past 10 years, and preventing India from falling into the "Indo-Pacific camp" because of increased dependence on weapons and equipment.
Therefore, Russian-Indian interaction is conducive to maintaining the relative balance between the two camps of the Eurasian continent and the Indo-Pacific Ocean, as well as to global strategic stability and peace.
(The writer is deputy director of the South Asia Institute of the Chinese Institute of Modern International Relations)
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Content: Russia, India Call For UN Security Council Reform To Reflect Contemporary Global Realities

(@ChaudhryMAli88)

Russia and India call for a comprehensive reform of the UN Security Council to reflect contemporary global realities, according to a joint statement by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi following the 21st Russian-Indian summit

MOSCOW (UrduPoint News / Sputnik - 06th December, 2021) Russia and India call for a comprehensive reform of the UN Security Council to reflect contemporary global realities, according to a joint statement by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi following the 21st Russian-Indian summit.

"The parties called for a comprehensive reform of the UN Security Council to reflect contemporary global realities and make it more representative, effective and efficient in addressing issues of international peace and security," the statement says.

Putin congratulated India on the successful chairmanship of the council in August and confirmed his support for India's candidacy for permanent members of the reformed and expanded UN Security Council. It is noted that Modi thanked Putin for participating in the high-level debate on maritime security, which he chaired on August 9 as part of India's chairmanship of the UN Security Council.

Title:

Content:   • News
  • India News
  • US calls on India to use ties with Russia, urge Putin to end 'illegal war' in Ukraine

US calls on India to use ties with Russia, urge Putin to end 'illegal war' in Ukraine

NEW DELHI: The United States has once again called upon India to leverage its long-standing ties with Russia to persuade Russian President Putin to cease his "illegal war" in Ukraine.
During a press briefing, US state department spokesperson Matthew Miller said, "India has a longstanding relationship with Russia, that is well known. Speaking for the United States, we have encouraged India to use that longstanding relationship with Russia and the unique position they have to urge President Putin to end his illegal war and to find a just peace, lasting peace to this conflict, to tell Vladimir Putin to respect the UN Charter and Ukraine's territorial integrity and sovereignty."
Miller further acknowledged India as an important partner for the United States when it comes to dealing with Russia.

This statement comes in the wake of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's recent two-day visit to Moscow, marking his first trip to Russia since the country's invasion of Ukraine more than two years ago.
During his meeting with President Putin, PM Modi expressed concerns about the impact of the conflict on the Global South and conveyed his hope for peace, inspired by Putin's "frank" views on the matter. PM Modi also assured both Russia and the international community of India's unwavering support for any peace effort.
Prior to the talks between Modi and Putin, the United States had communicated its concerns to India regarding the Russia-India relationship and expressed its desire for PM Modi to urge Putin to respect Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity.
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Title:

Content: Putin in Beijing: alliance of necessity and long-term partnership
Books / Mezher Jabr Al-Saadi …
Certainly, the relations and partnerships between the countries of the world, including the great and the great and the middle powers, whether economic, military or political; governed and controlled by the economy, but to say otherwise, is nothing but a word that does not exist on the ground of actual reality.
That is, these relations are governed by interests in the first and last, and nothing other than interests.
And also that these relations or interests; the ruler of them; is the principle of the mecha-phili (the end justifies the means), and the saying about the principles of international law and morality, to which the great powers, and indeed all the great powers, are bound by their obligations; what is only, or its purpose; is to beautify the faces of these great powers, and provide ample space in the media; to market this cheating discourse.
In recent days, in light of the escalating tension between NATO and America on the one hand and Russia on the other, some Russian analysts, or one of the Russian analysts, have suggested that the situation is ripe for the establishment of a military and economic alliance between Beijing and Moscow to confront NATO and America, and this supposed alliance could include other countries, North Korea, Iran, Belarus, Pakistan and Syria; to be parallel in force. Military and economic, for NATO, as was the case when the Warsaw Pact existed during the Cold War, it is going to be larger than NATO, and more morally and morally influential.
The talk here is still for Russian analysts; to complement one of them what will lead to, this alliance of changes and transformations in the reality of the struggle for leadership and influence in the world, indicating; this Russian-Chinese alliance comes, at the end, or ends the plans of NATO, that is, America to dominate the world.
From my humble point of view, I do not think that this alliance will see the light of day, or that China is in the process of entering into any alliance with Russia, that is, this assumption, has no chance of having a presence at present or in the future.
Russia also needs this partnership for reasons related to trade, economy, and most importantly in energy, in addition to other reasons, no less important than the above, and the most important of these reasons; economic, commercial, financial, political, diplomatic, and military cooperation, as one axis in the face of the US encroachment.
As for entering into a military and economic alliance, this is another form completely different from this partnership, as China, as I have indicated above, is not in the interest of entering into such an alliance with Russia.
But why?
Because, this alliance imposes military obligations on both sides of the alliance, when one side of the ally is attacked, or goes to war with the other, the United States and behind it NATO, in a more precise and clear sense; China will be forced to enter, at present, or at any time later; a war with America and NATO, when there is a war between America and NATO on one side and Russia on the other.
This does not exist in the thinking of the Chinese mind, the decision-maker, and in Chinese planning for the future, under any circumstances, except when China is exposed to blows from NATO and America, which is impossible at present, and even in the foreseeable future.
China does not want to enter into any conflict; neither now nor in the foreseeable future, even in the medium term, unless it is forced to do so, and this is also unlikely under the current conditions of conflict, in which the economy, trade, finance and business occupy a large area of this conflict, if not; it is all the space in terms of tools and means, rules and standards of labor governing the conflict; in obtaining the desired results from the two adversaries of the US and China. its next development.
America ’ s use of Taiwan, human rights, jealousy, Tibet and others, such as its encirclement of China by alliances, are only elements of pressure and depletion of the Chinese economy; to limit the development of this economy, and not to engage in military confrontation or threat of it, at least for the time being and in the foreseeable future.
As for the conflict between Russia and America, it is not in the economy, trade, finance and business, but in the trimming of Russia's arms, or the cutting of its military lists, so that these lists are unable to move in the spaces of what was known at the time, the Soviet Union, and its vital area in Eastern Europe.
Until it is suffocated within the limits of its geography, while pushing it into an arms race, which drains it economically as was the situation in the former Soviet Union, which was one of the most important factors in its collapse; the arms race, and the financial cost of this race; leading with the progress of time to shake its internal entity and disrupt the foundations of its pillars.
China, unlike Russia, is able to provide all the elements and requirements of this race, without negatively reflecting on its internal situation; this is what America is working to reduce these capabilities.
China ’ s conflict with the United States is very different from Russia ’ s conflict with the United States.
In addition, China simply wants to devote itself to consolidating and strengthening its strike force, that is, to have a deterrent force parallel to America and Russia.
Its entry into an alliance with Russia makes or undermines and reduces its room for maneuver in this direction.
It also affects its extensive and expanding economic relations with EU countries.
It will also affect its economic, trade and investment relations with other countries in the corners of the globe, from those with which America has a relationship of partnership, alliance, friendships or other forms of relations, the latter is the most in number, capacity and spread, and also in broad areas and levels.
This impact will be very large, if not completely less in obtaining undiminished total results; under pressure and influence from the American side; leading to the removal of China in terms of economy, investment and trade, and many more, from countries loyal to America, or that, these countries that move in the American spaces.
The other important thing, which is no less important than what I mentioned above, but is in a reciprocal relationship with him; is that any Chinese alliance, or any Chinese alliance with Russia, will affect its plan in the Belt and Road; that is, raise or remove neutrality, in other words, more clearly; reduce the space of its movement, that is, be with specific countries, some of them may not fall on the path of this geographical route, as explained....
The second aspect, which is the entry of some countries into this supposed alliance, is nothing but dreams that do not exist in reality on the ground, or there are no realistic and objective factors that favor this assumption in terms of turning it into reality.
Because the third world countries, in most of them, and what I mean; are free countries in their decisions and the policy of determining their interests, and they are certainly few compared to other countries that have, in one way or another, relations with America and the West, these countries, although few; do not prefer or do not want to enter into military and economic alliances; because it makes them an instrument in a conflict, in most respects, not in their interests. I did not say all his fields, or that he does not serve them or serve their interests, but rather that he makes them a victim of this conflict, especially when it turns into a military confrontation.
The conflict of great powers such as China, Russia and America, the basis of which, starting, planning and action; is to control and obtain the benefits, in the vital areas that are created through this conflict.
Therefore, most countries in the world, especially the third world countries, have no interest in entering into these alliances or this supposed Sino-Russian alliance, or that Russian analysts assume.
The Russian president, speaking from Beijing, which he is visiting to attend the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in the Chinese capital Beijing, said that Russian-Chinese relations or strategic partnership, as described by Putin, are greater than any alliance.
The Russian president did not ignore the fact, but he has revealed this fact: the Russian-Chinese strategic partnership imposed on them by the circumstances of the conflict with the American adversary; it remains a strategic partnership, which does not rise, or is not converted into an alliance between the two partners.
This statement in itself provides the answer to the question: Will this strategic partnership ever become an alliance, or sometime in the future?
Of that partnership; it is unlikely to turn into an alliance, as we have shown above.
If the situation between the two partners was not the same as it was highlighted above, the issue of establishing an alliance between them would have been discussed not so long ago, which is an important issue for Russia, contrary to the Chinese desire and decision; in light of the tensions, clashes and conflicts between America and the West in general, although the latter to a lesser extent and with low ceilings, and between the Russian-Chinese axis.
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Title:

Content: Putin Expresses Hope To Expand Cooperation With India In Republic Day Greetings

MOSCOW (UrduPoint News / Sputnik - 26th January, 2023) Russian President Vladimir Putin sent India Republic Day greetings to Indian President Droupadi Murmu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday, voicing his confidence that Moscow and New Delhi's bilateral cooperation would expand in different areas.

India celebrates the Republic Day on January 26 to honor the adoption of its constitution 73 years ago.

"We set a high value on the relations of privileged strategic partnership between our states. I am confident that by working together we can ensure the continued growth of mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation in all areas.

This undoubtedly meets the fundamental interests of the friendly peoples of Russia and India," Putin said in a congratulatory telegram, published by the Kremlin.

The Russian president also outlined India's achievements reached in economic, social, research and technology and other areas, saying that India is making "substantial contribution" to ensuring international stability and security as well as addressing "vital" regional and international issues.

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Content: PM Narendra Modi, Vladimir Putin to meet today; spotlight on India-Russia 'Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership'

This will be the first face-to-face meeting between the two leaders after their rendezvous on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit in Brasilia in 2019.

File Photo

New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday (December 6, 2021) will host Russian President Vladimir Putin for the 21st India-Russia Annual Summit in New Delhi.

This is the first face-to-face meeting between the two leaders after their rendezvous on the side-lines of the BRICS Summit in Brasilia in November 2019.

During the meeting which is likely to take place at 5:30 pm at the Hyderabad House in the national capital, the two leaders will review the state and prospects of bilateral relations and discuss ways to further strengthen the strategic partnership between the two countries.

The Summit is also likely to see Modi and Putin exchange views on regional, multilateral and international issues of mutual interest.

"The visit is in continuation of the tradition of Annual Summits alternately in India and Russia. The visit will provide further impetus to the India-Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership," New Delhi had said while officially announcing Putin's visit to the country.

The last India-Russia Annual Summit was held in September 2019 during the visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Vladivostok (Russia). The Annual Summit in 2020 could not take place due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation.

Putin's trip to India will mark his second international trip after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and comes amid the emergence of a new Omicron variant which has affected the schedule of several bilateral and international summits.

Meanwhile, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov arrived in New Delhi on Sunday ahead of the inaugural meeting of the 2 + 2 dialogue mechanism at the level of the foreign and defence ministers.

India's Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesperson Arindam Bagchi had confirmed last month that the agenda for the dialogue will cover political and defence issues of mutual interest.

"The establishment of this new mechanism of two plus two dialogue is expected to further strengthen the strategic partnership between the two countries," he had said.

(With agency inputs)

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Title:

Content: When China ’ s top leader, Xi Jinping, and Russian President Vladimir Putin declared a “never-ending ” partnership 10 months ago, the two men demonstrated a belief in power that directly challenged the United States and the West.
When the two leaders met again via video on Friday, they found themselves in a vulnerable position, with their authoritarian informal alliance dragged down by geopolitical and economic threats.
Both now have little room for manoeuvre, which makes their relationship more important, but also more complex
Since Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine last February, Putin has been isolated and highly dependent on China for ostensible diplomatic and financial stability.
The war has killed thousands of civilians and left Russia ’ s economy vulnerable, and Putin ’ s need for Sino-Russian relations has intensified in recent months as the Kremlin has suffered setbacks on the battlefield.
Last month, Xi saw the collapse of his much-heralded “zeroing ” strategy, as the COVID-19 pandemic ravaged China and damaged his image as the leader of a more superior political system to present himself to the world.
In the current crisis, he can neither fully support Putin, thereby risking sanctions, nor abandon Putin, thereby risking the loss of a key geopolitical ally in the confrontation with the West.
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The two men showed little sign of a shaky relationship during a video meeting on Friday, pointing to growing bilateral trade and military cooperation in public statements.
According to Chinese state media, Xi acknowledged the “changing and intertwined international situation ” during the meeting, but said that China has remained unchanged in“ strengthening strategic cooperation ” with Russia, which seems to be an acknowledgement of the current pressure.
“As long as China and Russia view the United States as a common threat, their interests will converge more than they diverge, ” said Sun Yun, director of the China Program at the Stimson Center, a Washington-based research institute.
According to the Kremlin's description of the meeting, Putin used Friday's video meeting to reaffirm Russian-Chinese relations, calling them "a model of great power cooperation in the 21st century."
He invited Xi to visit Moscow this spring and hinted that the two countries could work together to overcome an “unfavorable external situation. ”
"In the face of unprecedented pressure and provocation from the West, we share the same view of the causes, processes and logic of the ongoing shift in the global geopolitical landscape," Putin said.
In its existential showdown with the West, Russia sees China as its most important partner.
Each of Xi ’ s words of support has been amplified, proving that Putin is far from alone in taking on Europe and the United States.
An opinion piece published on Thursday by the Russian state news agency RIA Novosti showed that the Kremlin, while highly praising the partnership between the two countries, tried to lower expectations of how much support China would provide.
The article claims that China is working to help Russia circumvent sanctions, but gives no evidence.
The article said that although the help "is not as quick or direct as Russia would like", "it is important in itself."
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According to Elena Ribakova, deputy chief economist at the Institute of International Finance in Washington, China accounted for more than 25% of Russia ’ s total imports in the first nine months of last year, compared with less than 15% in the same period last year, indicating that Moscow is becoming increasingly dependent on China.
According to Russian state media last month, among the new car brands still sold in the Russian market, cars produced in China (a total of 11) are the only ones from foreign countries.
As Europe struggles to move away from its dependence on Russian fossil fuels, China has become an important customer of Russian energy.
Russian energy giant Gazprom announced in December that it had broken the single-day record for delivering gas to China on three occasions.
The two leaders solemnly announced on Friday that they would deepen their relationship.
Xi called on China and Russia to “increase mutual support on issues involving each other ’ s core interests, ” while Putin aimed to“ strengthen military cooperation between Russia and China. ”
"Military and military-technical cooperation occupies a special position in our relations," Putin said.
"This cooperation enhances the national security of our two countries and supports stability in key regions," he said.
Western officials say that because China is reluctant to violate sanctions, Russia has turned to two other friendly countries - Iran and North Korea - seeking to sign an emergency deal to try to address a shortage of weapons and ammunition.
But Russia ’ s partnership with China has broader symbolic significance for Moscow, and one of Putin ’ s key propagandists is claiming that Russia is helping to lead an anti-Western front, which he regularly attacks as a “golden billion ” that the West seeks to dominate and exploit the rest of the world.
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“The West is trying to exert all pressure on the leaders of Beijing and the People ’ s Republic of China to stay away from Moscow and Putin, ” Vesti Nedeli, a prominent weekly news program on Russian state television, claimed on Sunday.
"But Beijing's position has not changed," he said.
Chinese and Russian propaganda on Ukraine tends to go hand in hand, mocking the United States for pushing Russia into war and directing criticism at NATO's hardline stance.
“The United States is doing everything it can to fuel Ukraine so that it can continue its conflict with Russia, ” China ’ s state-run Global Times wrote in a recent commentary.
Washington wants this war to crush Moscow once and for all, including by depriving the latter of its moral place in the international community.
Chinese scholars also stressed that most countries in the world have not agreed to join sanctions against Russia, challenging claims that Moscow is isolated outside the West and its allies.
"The United States and the European Union do not represent the world," said Xu Poling, an expert on Russia at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Although Russia ’ s invasion of Ukraine has complicated Xi ’ s situation, China still supports Russia.
Beijing has been strengthening economic ties with Western Europe, but the Russian-Ukrainian war has brought Europe closer to U.S. efforts to weaken China.
The Russian invasion has also raised concerns about China ’ s threat to reclaim Taiwan by force.
The damage to Europe's economy from soaring energy prices has disrupted one of China's biggest export markets.
There are signs that Xi ’ s anxiety about the war is growing.
When Xi met with former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in Beijing on December 21 last year, he told Putin ’ s close ally that he “hopes the parties concerned will exercise rational restraint. ”
Putin acknowledged that Chinese leaders had expressed "doubts and concerns" about the Russian-Ukrainian war at a summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Uzbekistan last September, the latest face-to-face meeting between the two leaders.
Western leaders have urged Xi to do more to persuade Putin to stop the war.
But according to two officials with knowledge of the discussions, Chinese leaders told European officials that they overestimated his role as a mediator.
The officials also said that the leaders of China and Russia have deep personal ties, and Xi said he trusts Putin.
While that may be true, Xi cannot afford to abandon Putin or watch the Russian leader ’ s ambitions collapse in Ukraine, analysts say.
Doing so would severely weaken a key geopolitical ally and allow China to compete on its own with the United States at a time when its leaders face increasing domestic and foreign challenges.
The most important of these challenges is that the coronavirus epidemic is rising sharply in China, threatening to plunge the country into chaos, and many Chinese have been pushed to the limit by years of containment, centralized isolation and economic stagnation.
The epidemic crisis, which plays out daily in hospitals and funeral parlors across the country, has undermined the narrative of the ruling Communist Party, which has portrayed Xi as a leader adept at dealing with the coronavirus pandemic, especially as the death toll in China is far lower than in the West.
Mr. Xi has also been stung by rising pressure from the United States.
There is no greater impact than the legislation passed by the United States in early October last year to restrict the export of semiconductor technology to China, which could set China's high-tech industry back by several years.
“Xi Jinping is still obsessed with Putin ’ s war mentality because China would gain a lot of geopolitical benefits from Russia ’ s victory, but could lose much more from Russia ’ s defeat, ” said Craig Singleton, senior fellow for China at the nonpartisan Foundation for the Defense of Democracy.
“In other words, despite Russia ’ s setbacks on the battlefield, this is why Xi ’ s casual relationship with Putin will continue. ”
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Because Xi has yet to pay too high a price for his measured support for Russia, it may embolden him even more.
Far from being isolated diplomatically, Xi has reengaged in the past three months with world leaders, many of whom are eager to meet face-to-face with the leaders of the world ’ s second-largest economy.
After Xi met with President Biden on the sidelines of the G-20 summit in Bali, Indonesia, China has seen its relationship with the United States stabilise to some extent.
Chinese leaders also had productive meetings with European leaders, including German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and French President Emmanuel Macron.
On Friday, Chinese Ambassador to the United States Qin Gang was appointed as the new foreign minister, which may indicate that Beijing is increasingly attaching importance to its relations with Washington.
“A renewed show of unity between China and Russia may force the West to reluctantly reassess their collective willingness to pressure China to reduce its support for Russia, ” Singleton said.

Title:

Content: China / Russia
Xi Jinping said: willing to gallop internationally with Putin as a strong country
Chinese President Xi Jinping assured his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin in Uzbekistan on Thursday that China is willing to play the international game with its neighbor, Russia, as a great power.
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Chinese President Xi Jinping today assured Putin in Uzbekistan that China is ready to join Russia in playing the role of a "great power" internationally.
"China is willing to work with Russia to assume the responsibilities of a great power and play a leading role in injecting stability and positive energy into this chaotic world," Xi said on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit, according to AFP.
It was Xi ’ s first meeting with Putin since Russia began its invasion of Ukraine.
This is also Xi ’ s first foreign visit since the start of the coronavirus pandemic.
The SCO acts as a counterweight to Western influence, including China, Russia, four Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan), as well as India and Pakistan.
Relations between Beijing and Moscow were tumultuous during the Cold War, but in recent decades the two countries have greatly strengthened, forming a common front against American influence.
Since Russia launched its war of aggression against Ukraine on February 24, China has consistently refused to use the term "invasion" to blame Moscow for its aggressive actions in Ukraine.
The Chinese government has never condemned the Russian invasion and blamed the Ukraine war conflict on the United States and NATO, AFP said.
Three weeks before the start of the war, the Chinese president hosted Putin in Beijing on the occasion of the opening of the 2022 Winter Olympics.
They declared “unlimited friendship ” between China and Russia and signed many agreements, especially in the field of natural gas.
China is Russia ’ s main economic partner.
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Content: Why does Russia have an alliance with India?
Russian defense and foreign ministers Sergei Shoigu and Sergei Lavrov arrived in India this morning, followed by President Vladimir Putin.
Why do Moscow need these visits and an alliance with New Delhi in general?
Before independence, India was a British colony.
After World War II, when the Cold War broke out between the USSR and the United States, India opted for neutrality.
Along with Egypt and Cuba, it joined the Non-Aligned Movement.
At the same time, relations with the USSR among the Hindus were quite close.
Suffice it to say that the Soviet Union provided significant military assistance to India under Khrushchev during the Indo-Chinese conflict – despite the fact that China was a communist country and Moscow ’ s ally in the Cold War.
In the same 60s, Moscow supported New Delhi in a dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir.
Moreover, it was with the participation of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Kosygin that the Second Indo-Pakistani War was stopped.
On January 10, 1966, the declaration on the cessation of hostilities was signed in Tashkent.
Today, India is trying to follow the same course of non-alignment.
However, as then, geopolitical realities – the ongoing rivalry with China and Pakistan – are forcing Hindus to look for strong allies.
In this sense, India has a small choice: the United States, the European Union and Russia.
Europe could be a support, but traditionally tries not to get involved in the battle of the Titans.
Even in the U.S.-Russia standoff, Europeans are calling for a lessening of passions, and by the way, they recently challenged U.S. intelligence findings about an alleged Russian invasion.
The EU has close economic ties with China, plus the EU is a very heterogeneous structure.
France is now resentful of the Anglo-Saxons because of the anti-Chinese AUKUS, and Germany is very modest in foreign policy.
As for the US itself, this would be a very convenient option for India.
The United States is now actively opposing China, both economically and through military alliances.
India participates in the QUAD alliance and, together with the United States, Japan and Australia, conducts naval exercises in the Indian Ocean.
The last of them, in October, became the largest in 40 years.
Only the whole snag of the alliance with Washington for New Delhi is that the Americans demand complete submission.
The United States literally forbids India to buy S-400 air defense systems from Russia, threatens it with sanctions, as it was with Turkey.
In such a situation, Russia is, if not the only, then at least a unique partner for India.
Yes, unlike the United States, it will not oppose China, but at the same time, Russia sells India weapons that help maintain the balance of power in Asia.
We are also taking steps to reduce escalation.
For example, it is thanks to Russian efforts that India and China are now full members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
Is it possible to imagine joint military exercises between the Hindus and the Chinese under the auspices of the Pentagon?
Of course not.
But almost such exercises took place this year: in September, 200 Indian military personnel, as well as Chinese and Pakistani observers, participated in the Russian-Belarusian Zapad-2021 maneuvers.
In addition, Russia is trying to bring China and India closer economically.
Within the framework of the BRICS format, there is a joint pool of reserve currencies that helps strengthen the financial sovereignty of the five countries.
In short, Russia is strengthening India ’ s defenses and working to reduce its conflict with China.
Separately, it is also worth mentioning the North-South project, which leads from Russia to India and vice versa, which will strengthen trade opportunities and macro-regional importance of both countries.
Thus, today ’ s visit of Putin, Lavrov and Shoigu to India is extremely important.
Relations with India need to be strengthened.
This increases our role in Asia, strengthens our cards to the United States and, in the good sense of the word, allows us to balance a growing China.
After all, an alliance with India is good money.
For 30 years on the supply of aircraft, tanks and "Kalashnikovs" the Russian budget was replenished by $60 billion.
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Content: Tuesday 16 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444 AH - 4 July 2023 |
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Shanghai Cooperation Organization seeks to strengthen ties and expand
Leaders of China, India, Russia and Pakistan on Tuesday sought to strengthen ties and cooperation within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as part of efforts to expand the organization and counter Western influence in the region.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping, Pakistani Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif and leaders of four Central Asian countries participated in the online summit.
Beijing and Moscow established the political and security organization in 2001.
Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi attended the meeting, with Tehran due to join as the ninth member of the organization on Tuesday, and Belarus will sign a memorandum of commitments in preparation for its accession at a later date.
Acceptance of the two countries, which enjoy observer status and have close ties with Moscow, would expand the Western flank of the organization in both Europe and Asia.
Chinese state media reported that Xi, in a speech from Beijing at the summit, called for enhanced cooperation and exchange of experiences among SCO members, and efforts to safeguard regional peace and ensure common security.
He also urged the group to focus on practical cooperation to accelerate economic recovery, to move in the right direction and to strengthen solidarity and mutual trust.
In his speech, Putin, in his first appearance at an international forum since last month ’ s brief rebellion, reassured leaders of Russia ’ s stability and unity.
Putin said Moscow intended to strengthen ties with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and support a shift to the use of local currencies in commercial transactions.
He also warned of the growing potential for conflict and the risk of a global economic crisis.
Putin thanked the SCO members, who he said had expressed support for his efforts to “protect the constitutional order and the lives and security of citizens. ”
He told them Russia would stand up to Western pressure, sanctions and "provocations" over what Moscow calls a "special military operation" in Ukraine.
Russia views countries such as China, India and Iran, the newest member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as key partners in countering the United States and resisting what it says are U.S. attempts to control the world order.
The summit came just two weeks after US President Joe Biden hosted Modi on an official visit, with the two countries describing themselves as “one of the closest partners in the world. ”
Addressing the opening of the SCO summit, Modi, whose country holds the SCO presidency as well as the G20 this year, urged SCO leaders to join hands to fight terrorism, help Afghanistan and tackle global challenges such as food, fuel and fertilizer shortages.
The conflicts, tensions and repercussions of the epidemic, and the global food, fuel and fertilizer crises posed great challenges for all countries.
"We need to think together to figure out whether we, as a group, have the capacity to meet the expectations and aspirations of our peoples, whether we are able to meet the modern challenges, whether the SCO has become a fully prepared group for the future," he said.
The Pakistani prime minister said the international community was at a standstill over Afghanistan and that the crucial support Kabul needed to prevent a humanitarian crisis had been withheld.
Sherif said, “This policy needs urgent reconsideration. ”
No country, including Pakistan, has officially recognized the Taliban administration since it seized power in Afghanistan in 2021.
Cuts in development aid by foreign donors and sanctions on Afghanistan ’ s banking sector have severely crippled the economy.
Source:
• Reuters

Title:

Content: To rely on a security role for Russia and China is a fantasy!
To rely on a security role for Russia and China is a fantasy!
Despite US and Western intelligence agencies and think tanks asserting that the priority of the US and Western strategy is to contain China and Russia and to turn from the priorities of the "permanent wars" and confrontations in the Middle East during the past two decades in the post-Cold War era, al-Qaeda attacks in New York and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. The survival of America until it became its Achilles ’ heel, with America ’ s permanent wars, the Arab-Israeli conflict, Iran ’ s nuclear program, America ’ s wars on terrorist organizations in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Somalia, and dealing with the repercussions of the Arab Spring in the Arab republics.
Today, despite the confused withdrawal from Afghanistan – and Russia ’ s war on Ukraine in its sixth month – the Biden administration has realized that there is no escape from its survival and its return to repeat its commitments and stay in the region.
President Biden ’ s speech at the Jeddah Summit on Security and Development criticized the American retreat from the Arab Gulf region without military withdrawal, especially after the American military withdrawal from Afghanistan last summer, which deepened the crisis of distrust of the American ally from the Gulf allies.
Some non-specialists who promote mirage claim that China and Russia can fill some of the vacuum of American retreat, and they point to Russia ’ s return to the Middle East through Syria in September 2015 – its contribution to its destructive war by keeping the Assad regime in power over the remains and blood of Syrians, especially in Aleppo, Idlib and elsewhere – the reformist alliance with Iran and futile attempts through strategic dialogue with the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Fifth Joint Ministerial Meeting of the Strategic Dialogue between the GCC and the Russian Federation » at the headquarters of the General Secretariat in Riyadh on June 1, 2022.
Russia ’ s introduction of an energy security initiative in the Persian Gulf did not achieve any breakthrough or acceptance.
But even before its war on Ukraine, Russia succeeded in intervening and playing into strategic vacuums in Syria, Iran and the Gulf, increasing the sale of arms deals to Egypt, the UAE, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, with which it signed a military cooperation agreement last summer, as well as cooperation with Saudi Arabia in the field of energy within the group.
Opec Plus to stabilize oil prices.
But Russia ’ s war on Ukraine has put the Gulf states and America ’ s allies in the region, especially Israel and Turkey, in an embarrassing position – for not condemning the war. The modest performance of Russian forces, the inability of their military to resolve the war, the human losses of Russian and Ukrainian forces, and the high cost to civilians after six months raise questions about miscalculation, efficiency and harsh sanctions on Russia. Russia seeks to fill the strategic vacuum left by the American retreat in the region, which weakens Russia ’ s position and role in the Middle East, where it seems confused and at a high cost to those who cooperate with Moscow and punish from the West.
The modest performance of the Russian forces, the inability of its military machine to resolve the war, the casualties of Russian and Ukrainian forces, and the high cost to civilians after six months raise many questions about miscalculation, miscalculation, and the efficiency of the Russian forces.
This is true of China, which is more interested in securing the adjacent territory and the shoreline of its borders and areas of influence in Taiwan and the South China Sea.
In the phone call between President Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping a few days ago, it was striking that the positions differed – and the Chinese President warned President Biden: “Those who play with fire will burn with it.
I hope the Americans understand that! ”
In a warning to America not to interfere in Taiwan, China regards it as a rebellious territory — and President Biden ’ s insistence on sticking to the US position on Taiwan on one China — not to recognize Taiwan ’ s independence or establish relations with Taiwan and encourage its independence.
This followed statements and fiery threats from China to push US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi from visiting Taiwan in August, to cancel her visit.
China stands out more than Russia in the American strategy as a major source of challenge and competition for the United States at various political, military, economic and even technological levels, so the United States formed many alliances of countries in the region of the so-called "Indo-Pacific", including Japan, South Korea, Australia and India.
In May 2022, US Secretary of State Blinken launched the US strategy towards China, describing China as the only country capable of influencing and changing the composition and reality of the world order.
So China stands out as the biggest challenge to the United States.
But China, which signed a quarter-century $400 billion agreement with Iran in 2021 — China ’ s investment was expected to exceed $16 billion a year over 25 years, but in fact it did not exceed $4.7 billion between 2005 and 2020!
China ’ s presence in Iran and the region remains limited despite the doubling of arms sales to countries in the region in recent years, but China does not have the capacity of military expansion, military capabilities, military bases, or military presence despite its gigantic “One Belt and One Road ” project – at least partially, as some expect or hope – to compensate for the US military retreat.
China has only one orphan military base in the region since 2007 in Djibouti in the Horn of Africa.
Despite its significant investments in the Belt and Road in Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Oman.
The US also intervened, according to the Wall Street Journal, to stop the construction of a Chinese military base at Khalifa Port in Abu Dhabi and the construction of a Chinese missile assembly complex in Saudi Arabia.
But China refuses to take a clear and decisive position on many issues and crises in the region, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict or on human rights issues and other issues.
One of the motivations for President Biden ’ s visit to Saudi Arabia and the region and participation in the Jeddah Summit for Security and Development, as well as reassuring Gulf allies, Egypt, Iraq and Jordan that America remains and will not withdraw from the region, was his assertion and repetition that his administration will not allow China, Russia and even Iran to fill any vacuum.
Despite not being convinced by these claims, however, relying on a security role for Russia and China in the region remains a fantasy.
Arab Jerusalem

Title:

Content: Russian President Vladimir Putin to visit India on December 6, Know Key Details

The visit of Russian President Putin coincides with the delivery of the first batch of the S400 air defence systems to India. Know key agendas during Putin’s visit to India.

Created On: Nov 15, 2021 10:25 IST
PM Modi, Russian President Putin, Source: Reuters

Putin visit to India 2021: Russian President Vladimir Putin is expected to visit India on December 6, 2021, for the Annual Summit with PM Narendra Modi. During Putin’s visit to India, a number of pacts in the field of economy, defence, science and technology, trade are expected to be signed. The visit of Russian President Putin coincides with the delivery of the first batch of the S400 air defence systems to India by the end of 2021. Putin’s visit will be preceded by the first 2+2 dialogue of the foreign and defence ministers meeting and a joint military commission.

Russian President Vladimir Putin’s visit to India on December 6: Key Agendas

During Putin’s visit to India on December 6, 2021, a number of pacts in the field of economy, defence, science and technology, trade are expected to be signed. The Summit will also witness the renewal of a framework for military-technical cooperation for the next decade (2021-31). A joint commission on technology and science is also likely to be announced.

India and Russia are at the stage of finalizing negotiations for the Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) which is likely to be signed during the Summit or the first 2+2 dialogue of the foreign and defence ministers meeting.

The situation and developments in Afghanistan since the Taliban take over are also expected to be taken up during 2+2 ministerial dialogue and the Summit. In August 2021, PM Modi and Russian President Putin had announced to create a permanent channel between India’s National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and Russian counterpart Nikolay Patrushev for discussions relating to Afghanistan.

The visit of the Russian President coincides with the delivery of the first batch of the S400 air defence systems to India by the end of 2021. India and Russia had signed the contract for S400 air defence systems in October 2018.

Besides strategic areas of discussion, the COVID-19 crisis and overall health sector will also be discussed. India is a major production hub for Russian Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine.

Also read: India likely to be first buyer of Russia’s S-500 anti-aircraft missile system

Russian President Vladimir Putin last visit to India

Last, Russian President Putin visited India in 2018 for the Annual Summit during which the contract for S400 system was signed between India and Russia. The last edition of the Summit between India-Russia in 2020 was postponed due to COVID-19.

List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin in 2021

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the visit to India on December 6 will be Putin’s second foreign visit in 2021.

The first foreign visit of Putin in 2021 was to Geneva for a summit-level meeting with US President Joe Biden. Putin had joined the G20 Summit virtually amid COVID-19 crisis in Russia.

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Toward the end of March, an unusual sequence of diplomatic visitors passed through India’s capital.

First came Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, Austrian Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg and U.S. Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Victoria Nuland. They were followed by Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias, Omani Foreign Minister Sayyid Badr Albusaidi and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi.

The parade continued. Next to arrive were Gabriele Visentin, the European Union’s special envoy for the Indo-Pacific; Marcelo Ebrard, Mexico’s foreign minister; Jens Plotner, foreign and security policy adviser to German Chancellor Olaf Scholz; and Geoffrey van Leeuwen, foreign affairs and defense adviser to Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte. Last and by no means least were U.S. deputy national security adviser Daleep Singh, U.K. Foreign Secretary Liz Truss and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. There was also an online Indo-Australian summit.

The Ukraine war has exposed India’s strategic vulnerabilities in a tough neighborhood as arguably nothing else could, raising fundamental questions about the country’s global position and regional security. But, paradoxically — as the slew of recent high-profile visits confirms — the conflict has increased India’s strategic importance and, in the short term, widened its options.

Has Prime Minister Narendra Modi used this room for maneuver well? The West, even as it seeks to line up India on its side vis-a-vis Ukraine, has signaled its understanding of India’s dependence on Russia for vital defense equipment and long history of close diplomatic relations with the Kremlin.

China has been somewhat surprised to find itself on the same page as India regarding the war. Both countries abstained in a series of United Nations votes condemning the Russian invasion and have maintained their communication channels with the Kremlin despite Western sanctions. China has been asking for restoration of “normal” bilateral relations with India, which have been in a deep freeze since violent border clashes in June 2020 killed 20 Indian soldiers. “The world will listen when China and India speak with one voice,” Wang reportedly stated on his recent visit to Delhi.

Russia, no doubt eager to thank India for “understanding” the Kremlin’s position, has offered the country economic incentives — notably, discounted oil and gas and affordable fertilizer — to dissuade it from changing its stance.

While India’s long-standing focus on “strategic autonomy” has kept it out of formal alliances, its broad geopolitical orientation has been veering toward a special partnership with the United States, notably in the Indo-Pacific. India is a member of the U.S.-led “Quad,” an informal grouping also including Japan and Australia that is widely seen as a way to check China’s regional ambitions.

India has also significantly increased its defense purchases from the West in recent years, and, with the U.S., is seeking to modernize its manufacturing base for military equipment. This process is likely to be accelerated by India’s current realization that its dependence on Russian supplies imposes significant constraints, particularly in the event of a future border crisis with China.

Singh, the U.S. deputy national security adviser, pointedly warned of “consequences” should India breach the Western-led sanctions on Russia, and he urged India to recognize the diminishing value of its close relationship with the Kremlin. “The more Russia becomes China’s junior partner, the more leverage China gains over Russia, the less and less favorable that is for India’s strategic posture,” he told an Indian TV channel. “Does anyone think that if China breaches the Line of Actual Control, that Russia would now come to India’s defense? I don’t.”

China has been pushing the BRICS grouping (of which it is a member, along with Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as models of non-Western collaboration that can ensure a multipolar world order. But Chinese blandishments toward India are unlikely to succeed if China’s leaders are not willing to reverse their military gains from unprovoked Himalayan incursions in the spring of 2020. India will accept nothing less than a return to the status quo ante of April 2020 as the price for normalizing bilateral relations. But whether it can leverage China’s overtures to achieve results on the ground remains to be seen.

Russia, meanwhile, is aware that India’s refusal to condemn its assault on Ukraine does not imply support. India has at no stage endorsed the Russian military campaign and its language has notably hardened as the war has dragged on. Indian statements now pointedly refer to the inviolability of borders, respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states and the inadmissibility of resorting to force to resolve political disputes, even while calling on “both sides” to pursue diplomatic negotiations.

India has also been quick to provide humanitarian assistance to Ukraine, sending 90 tons of relief materials. As the destruction has become more intense, its aid is likely to continue. India will gladly purchase essential supplies of fuel and fertilizer from Russia at discounted rates in rubles. But its diplomatic stance and decreasing reliance on Russian defense equipment mean that it is not completely in Russia’s camp.

Still, India’s calls for peace in Ukraine would have been more credible had it taken steps to bring about that outcome. Whereas countries like Turkey and Israel have been actively engaged in peace diplomacy, India has made no effort to play a mediating role, despite at one point sending four cabinet ministers to Europe to supervise the evacuation of Indian citizens from Ukraine. Even Lavrov suggested in Delhi that India could help “support” a mediation process.

India could have used the diplomatic attention it has been getting over Ukraine to carve out a role worthy of its aspirations for a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council. Sadly, its ambitions seem to have been too modest.

India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, observed in 1946 that “India, constituted as she is, cannot play a secondary part in the world. She will either count for a great deal or not count at all.” Ukraine is a test case — and the jury remains out. Will today’s India count at all?

Shashi Tharoor, a former U.N. under-secretary-general and former Indian minister of state for external affairs and minister of state for human resource development, is an MP for the Indian National Congress. © Project Syndicate, 2022

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Content: India-Russia strategic partnership growing stronger: Russian Envoy Alipov

Russian Ambassador to India Denis Alipov said that the 'special Russia-India strategic partnership' has shown strength and is 'growing stronger as ever''

ANI Asia

2 min read Last Updated : Jun 08 2023 | 1:10 AM IST

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Russian Ambassador to India Denis Alipov said that the 'special Russia-India strategic partnership' has shown strength and is 'growing stronger as ever''.

"There have been lies about Russia on a daily basis and on a global scale. Efforts are being made to disrupt Russia - India relations," Envoy Alipov said during the state reception hosted in the national capital that was dedicated to the National Day of the Russian Federation.

Lauding the 'special Russia - India strategic partnership', the envoy said, "The indispensable truth however is- the special Russia-India strategic partnership has shown strength and we keep growing stronger than ever".

From the Indian side, Minister of State for Ministry of External Affairs and Education Rajkumar Ranjan Singh attended the event along with other senior officials of the government of India.

Ambassadors and military attaches of other countries were also present on the occasion. During the celebrations, Ratheesh Nair, Honorary Consul of Russia in Trivandrum was awarded the 'Order of Friendship' in recognition of his exceptional work in the promotion of Russia-India bilateral ties.

Ambassador Alipov also underscored the commitment to "enriching achievements of the Russian-Indian special and privileged strategic partnership" while also highlighting Nair's considerable contribution to the promotion of bilateral ties.

The Moscow Cossack Choir's performance with Russian folk songs and rousing dances, supported by the Government of Moscow, became a bright decoration of the evening that ended with festive fireworks.

Topics :India RussiaRussia

First Published: Jun 08 2023 | 7:11 AM IST

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Content: Financial Times: Kuleba asks India to reconsider its relations with Russia
The Minister of foreign Affairs of Ukraine Dmitry Kuleba arrived in India, where he immediately said that its relations with Russia are based only on the “Soviet heritage ”, which allegedly will not be able to“ preserve for centuries ”.
The Ukrainian diplomat advised New Delhi to take a closer look at the developing relations between Moscow and Beijing, writes the Financial Times.
• AP
• © Efrem Lukatsky
“Cooperation between India and Russia is largely based on the Soviet legacy.
But this is not a legacy that will be preserved for centuries; this heritage is evaporating, ” Kuleba said.
The British newspaper, in light of the visit of the Ukrainian minister to this country, writes that Kiev is struggling to win the sympathy of India and many other countries of the Global South.
Thus, Kuleba made a statement that India, as the most populous country in the world, “will benefit a lot from expanding trade and technological ties with Ukraine. ”
In particular, he invited Indian companies to take part in the post-war reconstruction of the country.
“Ukraine is likely to become the largest construction site in the world, and Indian companies can take part in the reconstruction, ” the minister said.
The speaker of the ruling party in India, Jaivir Shergill, noted that the country does not need any permits or prescriptions from the West regarding relations with Russia.
According to him, Russia occupies a “very, very important place in India ’ s foreign policy. ”
The Kremlin recalled that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has an invitation to visit Russia.
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What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

While the partnership faces new challenges from India's growing ties with the West and its complex rivalry with China, both nations continue to prioritize their bilateral cooperation in defense, energy, and regional security matters.

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In today ’ s world, everyone needs relations with China and America, and overconfidence in either side will not be a strategic requirement for many countries, but balanced and cautious trust is the next criterion for international relations with both, because the competition between America and China is a natural competition controlled by economic factors and military power. But that does not mean that the two systems do not feel threatened by one another.
Although military issues and geopolitical sharing are important topics and circulated between the officials of the two countries politically and in the media, it is beyond that picture because America and China at this stage, especially during the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, are like competitors in an Olympic swimming pool separated by clear paths that determine the area of   each and their path from beginning to end. Therefore, we do not hear or see China building any form of alliances because the Chinese strategy depends on partnerships, and China does not give any of its partners security guarantees, and at the same time, the American history is based on alliances and the relationship with Washington is always defined from security grounds.
China and America will fight each other but without getting into a fight, which means that the appropriate term to describe what is going on between China and America is competition, which means that the tools used are far from militarizing, but they will tend to strengthen competition from within. Even American interests and alliances became more easily seen during the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, and the American media could not undermine the Russian image in its war as it did in the days of the Soviet Union.
China, on the other hand, is looking in the same direction, but in its own way, China promotes the philosophy of the Chinese way and style in all its domestic and international issues, it is willing to promote the Chinese way in rights, ideas and governance.
The Chinese approach was shown in its direct form in the call last Friday between the US and Chinese presidents, the Chinese president made it clear that he uses the same playing cards that America used in such crises, by focusing on stopping the war and protecting civilians.
America is looking for help in controlling Chinese influence in many areas of the world, perhaps the most important of these areas is the Middle East, where major international crises and at the same time this region has major international solutions in energy issues and geopolitical issues important to both China and America. The American diplomatic fatigue, which seeks to reach a quick agreement with Iran, sets the rhythm of the region and facilitates American movement among the Middle East countries, while a Russian and Chinese hand extends in the subtleties of this agreement.
America and China are entering a difficult and important experience during the Russo-European war, but they are effective in determining international trends, especially after the two parties entered the delicate competition in the Russian-Ukrainian issue, and it is clear that China does not carry political burdens such as that carried by America, which appears in its image. Political trouble, even if America tries to threaten it with trade sanctions, because at a sudden moment when the rules of the game in war change, America will not be able to talk about sanctions that are distributed heavily without a future awareness.

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Content: Moscow maintains close ties with Tehran ’ s regional rivals
“Obstacles. ”
Strategic cooperation between Iran and Russia
Iran and Russia have recently sought rapprochement, mainly motivated by the economic interest of both sides, although there are other goals, especially for Tehran.
But amid this rapprochement there are some obstacles, which may prevent it from continuing in the beneficial manner desired by both parties.
Arash Topchingad, a researcher and analyst, said that during their first personal meeting on January 19, 2022, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, demonstrated their commitment to stronger bilateral relations.
In addition to the two presidents ’ contacts, Iran ’ s oil minister said Tehran and Moscow had made strides in trade deals across the energy, transport and banking sectors.
However, the highlight of Raisi ’ s visit to Moscow was his presentation of a draft 20-year cooperation agreement between Iran and Russia.
The agreement, which aims to update an earlier economic cooperation agreement from 2001, proposes increased cooperation in security initiatives, transport and trade between Tehran and Moscow.
The deal is still under negotiation, and the Iranian government says its contents must first be announced and approved by parliament.
The 20-year cooperation agreement has been under consideration since last year, and while Iran has managed to gauge Putin ’ s interest in reaching an agreement, it may not materialize in the near future.
But in the meantime, the deal is valuable because it signals the convictions of both Tehran and Moscow in their negotiations with the West.
A crossroads.
Tupchingad believes that Iran and Russia are at a crossroads in terms of their geostrategic positions at the regional level.
On Feb. 8, Iran ’ s delegation returned to Vienna for the eighth, and possibly last, round of talks to negotiate the revival of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
Unlike conventional agreements, the deal has been viewed in terms of mutual mistrust, and Iran is desperately seeking assurances that Washington will not back down from its commitments as it did in 2018.
Iran also remains adamant that all sanctions be lifted in exchange for nuclear compliance, a demand that European officials seem to regard as excessive.
As one of the constructive signatories to the nuclear deal, some see Russia as Iran ’ s “lawyer ” in the renegotiation process.
The Vienna talks will resume as Russia enters its own negotiations with the West through French President Emmanuel Macron.
Russia is currently embroiled in a confrontation against NATO and Ukraine.
With more than 100,000 Russian troops surrounding Ukraine ’ s border, Putin has expressed concerns about what he sees as a NATO encroachment on Russia ’ s western flank.
In the coming days, Tehran and Moscow ’ s diplomatic approaches to the United States and its European counterparts will significantly affect the likelihood of easing tensions in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
However, the two countries remain committed to pursuing their best interests, and a 20-year cooperation agreement could have significant implications in this process.
Economic benefits
According to Tupchingad, the Iranian government has focused on publicizing the economic and security benefits that may accrue from the Iran-Russia deal.
Russia currently accounts for 4% and 2% of Iran ’ s imports and exports, respectively.
Tehran plans to increase its trade with Russia to $25 billion.
That goal may sound very ambitious, but in 2007, Iran envisioned its trade with Russia to reach $200 billion within a decade.
However, bilateral trade peaked at just over $3.5 billion in 2021.
By comparison, Russia ’ s annual trade with Turkey is between $20 billion and $25 billion.
U.S. sanctions act as a major impediment, limiting Tehran ’ s trade prospects and complicating any long-term commitments by its trading partners.
In addition to its direct trade interests with Russia, Iran is also seeking to secure broader economic commitments to the Eurasian Economic Union.
In their face-to-face meeting, Putin expressed support for Raisi for a free trade zone between Iran and the economic union.
Raisi looks forward to such broad financial steps with hopeful eyes, amid doubts about sanctions relief.
In addition to its economic potential, Iran sees the 20-year agreement as a way to strengthen its security cooperation with Russia and secure new arms deals.
After Iran held trilateral naval exercises with the Russian and Chinese navies on Jan. 21, Tehran favors increased military cooperation to show a semblance of defensive solidarity with its foreign backers.
Tehran is reportedly seeking to buy Russian-made Su-35 fighter jets to bolster Iran ’ s air force.
Raisi ’ s administration is also interested in purchasing the S-400 missile defense system.
While a U.N. Security Council embargo on Iran and an arms embargo ended in late 2020, Russia has refrained from offering Iran any deals.
One motive is that Tehran may not have the funds for such deals.
Since the withdrawal of former US President Donald Trump from the nuclear deal, Iran ’ s foreign currency and gold reserves have fallen dramatically.
Iran had planned to acquire $10 billion worth of Russian weapons, but its dire financial situation has convinced some analysts that any defense contracts with the Kremlin could be as high as $2 billion.
The cooperation agreement could enable Iran to achieve favorable terms on its oil and gas sectors in exchange for deeper cuts in Russian arms.
But the cost is not just financial, as Russia maintains close ties with Iran ’ s regional rivals, including Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Putin will not risk an imbalance in his relations with the most powerful powers in the Middle East.
Not everyone in the Kremlin sees a direct security benefit from a long-term deal with Tehran.
As one of the constructive signatories to the nuclear deal, some see Russia as Iran ’ s “lawyer ” in the renegotiation process.
In the coming days, Tehran and Moscow ’ s diplomatic approaches to the United States and its European counterparts will significantly affect the likelihood of easing tensions in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
However, the two countries remain committed to pursuing their best interests, and a 20-year cooperation agreement could have significant implications in this process.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

## Historical Context and Foundation

Russia's relationship with India dates back to the Soviet era, when India chose non-alignment during the Cold War while maintaining close ties with Moscow.

The Soviet Union provided crucial military assistance to India during the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict and supported India in its disputes with Pakistan, including helping to broker the Tashkent Declaration in 1966 that ended the second Indo-Pakistani war.

Title:

Content: News from Egypt.
President Sisi appreciates relations with Russia culminating in the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement
Monday ، 15 November 2021 06: 00 PM
President Abdel Fattah El Sisi
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Over the past hours, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi has published a number of important news and reports, most notably, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi praised the extended partnership relations with Russia, which culminated in the conclusion of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement between the two friendly countries, which opened new horizons for bilateral cooperation in many fields and joint projects, in addition to those being implemented.
This came during the phone call that President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi received today from President Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation.
Putin: President Sisi ’ s efforts have strengthened political tracks to resolve crises in the region
President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi received a phone call today from President Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation.
The Russian President expressed his appreciation for the personal efforts of President Sisi in this regard, which strengthened the political tracks to settle the crises in the region, which consolidated Egypt ’ s role as a center of gravity for maintaining peace and security in its regional environment, stressing Russia ’ s keenness to continue cooperation and intensive coordination between the two countries.
The House of Representatives approves the unified finance law in total
The House of Representatives approved during its plenary session today under the chairmanship of Counselor Ahmed Saad, First Undersecretary of the Council, the draft unified finance law submitted by the government.
Tomorrow's weather.
Rain on the northern coast extends to Cairo in the evening and minor in the capital 18 degrees
The Meteorological Authority expects to witness tomorrow, Tuesday, the continuation of autumn weather on all parts, where low temperatures prevail to moderate weather on Greater Cairo and the sea face and the northern coasts and northern Upper Egypt, inclined to heat on South Sinai, hot on the south of Upper Egypt.
Light to moderate rain will fall on areas of the north-western coasts of Salloum, Matrouh and Alexandria, and light rain tomorrow evening and until Wednesday morning on scattered areas of Greater Cairo and the sea face intermittently.
World Youth Forum announces the opening of registration for participation in the fourth edition starting today
Sarah Badr, spokesman for the World Youth Forum, announced the opening of registration to participate in the fourth edition of the forum starting today, for young people from inside and outside Egypt, on the forum's website.
She added: "We have prepared a solid plan to ensure the safety of all participants and requires those wishing to participate to obtain the Corona vaccine, we have developed a preventive plan throughout the period of the forum."
President Sisi directs to expand the use of the latest technologies to double the capabilities of the digital information infrastructure
President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi directed to expand the use of the latest technologies to double the capabilities of the digital information infrastructure of the state, and to enhance the efforts of digital transformation, in parallel with training human cadres on digital skills to support government performance and provide the latest digital services to citizens and the business sector nationwide.
Pyramids for the seventh day: We will not stand in the way of the professionalism of Ramadan Subhi by the end of the season
An official source at Pyramids Club confirmed that no external offer has arrived to include Ramadan Sobhi, the team's playmaker, during the winter transfer period in January.
The source added in statements for the seventh day that the technical staff of the Pyramids team, led by Ihab Jalal, asked not to leave Ramadan Sobhi in the next January transfers, and to maintain the basic strength of the team at this time, stressing at the same time that Pyramids will not stand in the way of the player's return to professionalism at the end of this season if he receives an attractive offer and Ramadan wishes to repeat the experience.
British police declare Liverpool incident a terrorist and confirm: the motive is not yet known
British police have confirmed that the Liverpool taxi explosion was a terrorist incident, but the motive "is not yet understood," according to ITV.
A fourth person was also arrested as part of the investigation into the explosion.
EGYPTIAN-EUROPEAN AGREEMENT TO STRENGTHEN COOPERATION
Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry received on Monday the European Union Commissioner for Internal Affairs, Elva Johansson, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to discuss cooperation between Egypt and the European Union in the field of migration, especially in light of the importance Egypt has as a destination, transit and source of migration.
The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation to create legal migration routes in light of the need of the European market for skilled Egyptian workers.
Minister of Finance: 1.108 trillion pounds total revenues in the final account of the budget 20 / 21
Minister of Finance Mohamed Maait revealed that the total revenues in the final account of the state budget for the fiscal year 2020 / 2021 are one trillion and 108.6 billion pounds.
The Grand Egyptian Museum receives 52 monumental artifacts and 16 pieces of King Tut ’ s treasures.
A picture.
Major General Atef Muftah, general supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and the surrounding area, said that the museum received 68 antique cats, including 16 pieces of the treasures of the golden king Tutankhamun.
It consists of a distinct set of alabaster pots that are now installed inside its two walls in the King Tutankhamun Hall, according to the pre-planned display scenario.
Marriage by letter.
A British woman marries an American online without ever meeting him.
Ace, 26, met her husband Darren, 24, online during the epidemic.
The two began talking to each other as friends in July 2020, but soon their relationship turned into love, and on May 21, 2021, Darren surprised Ace by proposing to her.
The couple made the decision to marry during their meeting via Zoom and held a legal ceremony in Utah on August 19 this year, where Ace and Darren officially became a couple, supported by a small number of friends and family via video call.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

This historical foundation has proven resilient, with India continuing its policy of non-alignment while seeking