Geoffrey Hinton is a cognitive psychologist and computer scientist, known for his significant contributions to the field of artificial intelligence.

He is often referred to as the "godfather of AI" due to his pioneering work in the field.

Hinton, alongside Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun, received the 2018 Turing Award for their contributions to neural networks and deep learning.

He began researching artificial neural networks at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland over 50 years ago.

Hinton's work on backpropagation in the 1980s allowed machines to learn and is used in almost all artificial neural networks today.

He developed a neural network with two recent graduates in the 2010s that demonstrated its power in identifying objects in images and predicting the next letter of a sentence.

One of the students he worked with was Ilya Sutskever, the founder of OpenAI, who led the development of ChatGPT.

Hinton's research on deep learning and neural networks has paved the way for current AI systems, including Google's Bard chatbot and Microsoft's ChatGPT.

He has expressed concerns about the potential dangers of AI development, including the dissemination of false information, loss of employment opportunities, and the use of AI for evil purposes.

Hinton believes that AI chatbots may soon be smarter than humans and has warned that they could become a threat to humanity if not carefully managed.

He has also stated that he regrets his life's work on AI and finds the current state of AI development "scary".

Hinton's concerns about AI have been echoed by other experts, including Elon Musk and Yoshua Bengio, who have signed an open letter calling for a six-month moratorium on AI development.

However, Hinton himself has not signed the petition, citing the fact that countries like China would not stop development regardless.

The European Parliament has called for a summit to discuss how to control the development of advanced AI systems like ChatGPT.

The public should understand that the development of AI is a complex issue that requires careful consideration and management to ensure that its benefits are realized while minimizing its risks.

Hinton's warnings have highlighted the need for a nuanced discussion about the potential risks and benefits of AI and the need for experts, policymakers, and the public to work together to ensure that AI is developed and used responsibly.

The development of AI raises social, ethical, and security challenges, including bias and discrimination in decision-making processes, and there is a need for a unified global policy to regulate AI and ensure its safe and responsible use.

The global regulation of AI will face challenges, including differences in laws and cultures between countries, sovereignty, and international competition.

Experts believe that a global regulatory framework is necessary to define acceptable uses of AI, limit liability in case of harm or abuse, and ensure public awareness and education.

The European Union has a rules-based regulatory approach to AI, emphasizing the protection of personal privacy, data security, and basic human rights.

The EU's 2021 AI bill includes strict requirements for high-risk AI systems, such as rigorous evaluation and transparency disclosure, and lighter regulations for low-risk AI.

The United States has a more relaxed and market-oriented approach to AI regulation, relying on market-driven and self-regulating mechanisms to encourage businesses to develop norms and standards.

The US AI regulatory strategy emphasizes freedom of innovation and concerns that excessive regulation may inhibit technological innovation and economic development.

The EU AI Act is the first comprehensive regulation on AI, aiming to establish a harmonised framework for AI regulation across EU member states.

The EU AI Act takes a risk-based approach to AI governance, with stringent requirements for high-risk AI systems to undergo conformity assessments.

The development of AI systems poses existential risks to humanity, and the regulatory framework should address these risks while balancing competing interests such as innovation and growth.

A moratorium on AI development is unlikely due to the potential for other countries to continue developing AI systems regardless, and the lack of support from major tech companies.

The rapid advancements and unpredictable nature of AI systems have left lawmakers and regulators struggling to keep pace with regulation.

The European Union has been at the forefront of AI regulation efforts, but its lawmakers have been caught off guard by the technology's evolution.

There is a fundamental mismatch between the rapid advancement of AI systems and the ability of governments to regulate them effectively.

Regulating AI is challenging due to rapid advancements, unpredictable nature, lack of expertise within governments, complex bureaucratic processes, and concerns about hindering the benefits of the technology.

Different nations have approached AI regulation differently, with a lack of unified global action.

Governments are working to bridge the knowledge gap by organizing summits, seeking advice from experts, and exploring regulatory frameworks.

The public should be aware of the potential risks and benefits of AI, and should demand that companies and governments prioritize transparency, accountability, and fairness in the development and deployment of AI systems.

Ultimately, the development of effective AI regulatory frameworks and standards will require a sustained effort from governments, industry leaders, and civil society organizations to ensure that AI is used in ways that promote human well-being and respect human rights.

Geoffrey Hinton is a cognitive psychologist and computer scientist, known for his significant contributions to the field of artificial intelligence.

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Content: Yoshua Bengio

1 minute read
By Geoffrey Hinton

Yoshua Bengio is a world leader in AI. Throughout his career, Yoshua’s research has been instrumental in shaping the world’s understanding of AI’s potential—and that same expertise has made his perspective more essential than ever. His pioneering research on deep learning laid the foundations for the current revolution in AI and earned him the 2018 Turing Award—“the Nobel Prize of Computing”—alongside myself and Yann LeCun. Last year, Yoshua received Canada’s highest award for research, the Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal. He is the computer scientist with the greatest number of citations and is ranked third among all disciplines for scientific impact.

Yoshua has been concerned for many years with the social impact of artificial intelligence, contributing to the Montreal Declaration for the Responsible Development of AI. Over the past year, worried by the potential for catastrophic outcomes from future AI, he was vocal in global conversations on AI safety. He advised the U.N. Secretary-General and the U.K. AI Safety Institute, and took part in policy discussions with governments in North America, Asia, and Europe.

Hinton is a cognitive psychologist and computer scientist

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What breakthroughs has Hinton achieved through his 40+ years of work on artificial neural networks?

Breakthroughs that mimic biological brains

He is often referred to as the "godfather of AI" due to his pioneering work in the field.

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The White House ordered AI to be evaluated, and the European Union proposed legislation to regulate AI, teach AI to be human or the best solution!
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• Fang Zhanqi
Fang Zhanze
When I was a teenager, I studied Geographic Information System, but unfortunately I didn ’ t learn anything and I graduated with luck.
After adulthood, the accidental hit into the media circle, first and then in the print, electronic, online media to roll, slightly small.
After middle age, he completed a master ’ s degree in information technology and gradually expanded his horizons. He was determined to join a start-up company and explore different fields of technology.
In recent years, he has been actively engaged in data analysis and digital strategies, and has also been involved in the development of Location Intelligence projects. Sometimes, he can also take time to teach, not only to share what he has learned with others, but also to motivate himself to keep learning for life.
Tales of Wisdom City
Generative AI is definitely the hottest topic in the technology world today. After the popularity of ChatGPT, many companies rushed to launch similar products and gradually applied them to various industries.
But more and more people are worried that when AI is fully popularized, it will aggravate the problem of fake information flow, online fraud and other problems; even Sheffield Hinton, who is known as the "godfather of AI", is worried that AI will become too smart, afraid that it will evolve into a killer robot, which may eventually lead to the death of mankind!
How big can the negative impact of AI technology be?
How do governments around the world respond to the potential threat of AI?
Neural network is the foundation technology of ChatGPT
Fifty-one years ago, Geoffrey Hinton, who had not yet been called the “godfather of AI, ” entered the University of Edinburgh in Scotland as a graduate student and began research on artificial neural networks.
The so-called “artificial neural network ” is a mathematical model that mimics the structure and function of biological neural networks, especially the brain, and is able to learn skills by analyzing data.
This is the foundational technology behind OpenAI ChatGPT and Google Bard.
After Hinton resigned from Google, he did not have to worry about the harm his words would bring to Google, so he was interviewed by different media and said his heart: "AI may lead to the death of mankind." (Photo: University of Toronto official website)
In 2012, Hinton and his students, Ilya Sutskever and Alex Krishevsky, created a neural network system that analyzes thousands of photos and learns to recognize common things like flowers, dogs, cars, etc.
Subsequently, Hinton and two students founded DNNresearch, a startup based on this research project.
In 2013, Google acquired DNNresearch for US $44 million (approximately HK $343 million), and Hinton joined Google as Vice President and Engineering Researcher, responsible for some of the research work on Google Brain.
His protégé, Suzkville, left Google to co-found OpenAI with like-minded people, and became chief scientist, leading the research team to successfully develop the GPT model and ChatGPT.
Hinton ’ s top student, Suzkville, gave up his lucrative job at Google in 2015 to co-found OpenAI with Altman and others, and led the development of GPT and DALL-E models. (Image: University of Toronto website)
I regret working my whole life because I am worried about the dangers of AI.
In 2018, Hinton, along with University of Montreal professor Yoshua Bengio and Meta chief AI scientist Yann LeCun, won the A.M. Turing Award in recognition of their great contributions to neural networks and deep learning.
As a result, the three later became known as the “godfathers of AI ” or“ godfathers of deep learning. ”
Around the same time, Google and OpenAI began to build large-scale deep learning systems based on neural networks, which became the basis for future development of Bard and ChatGPT.
From this, it seems that Sinton plays an important role in creating the current glory of generative AI.
However, in the current era of AI, Sinton suddenly left Google in April 2023, shocking the entire AI industry.
Hinton explained that he left Google to talk freely about the potential risks of AI without harming Google.
Speaking about 50 years of research into neural networks, he said, “I ’ m very sorry about my life ’ s work. ”
The Internet will be filled with more and more fake AI-generated text, photos, and even videos, but the average person will not be able to tell the truth, Hinton said.
Moreover, sooner or later, AI technology will completely disrupt the job market, causing more and more jobs to disappear.
What is even more worrying is that at present, users can not only instruct ChatGPT to generate code, but also ask the AI to execute the code; in this way, the AI killer robots that often appear in science fiction movies will one day become a reality.
Is it not impossible for AI to destroy humanity?
Of course, this pessimistic future scenario is only a hypothetical one, but Hinton stressed that what could lead to it is already happening: a global race for AI technology has begun between Microsoft and Google, and even between China and the United States.
Most people think that the future of AI dominating everything is still far away, but he believes that AI may not take 30 to 50 years to control humans, and even find a way to kill humans, which may eventually lead to human extinction.
In the 1980s, Hinton was a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, but because he was not satisfied that the university's AI research was sponsored by the United States Department of Defense, he decided to leave the United States to teach at the University of Toronto's School of Computer Science.
He pointed out that without some kind of global regulatory agreement or regulatory mechanism, the AI arms race will intensify.
For this reason, Hinton believes that the threat posed by AI to humans may be more urgent than climate change, because the solution to climate change is obvious, as long as carbon emissions are reduced or carbon neutrality is achieved, but the current AI crisis does not know how to start. Although AI may pose an existential threat to humans, he does not agree to suspend AI research, because it can never erase the benefits and application value of AI.
Hinton believes it would be better to step up regulation of AI and make everyone aware of its potential harms.
OpenAI co-founder and CEO Sam Altman also acknowledged that ChatGPT has developed some reasoning capabilities that they can ’ t explain, and that it ’ s not entirely impossible for AI to destroy humans.
However, he said that he has installed a kill switch for ChatGPT, and if the development of ChatGPT exceeds human expectations, he will immediately press the switch to stop working.
OpenAI CEO Altman, known as the “father of ChatGPT, ” recently said he was“ a little scared ” about the potential of his children, and even admitted that there is a real possibility that AI will destroy humanity. (Image: Wikipedia)
Altman admits that ChatGPT ’ s influence in elections and the spread of disinformation is a concern, so the 2024 U.S. presidential election will be a focus for OpenAI.
(Image source: Pexels Gallery website)
The Curtain of Ignorance Makes AI Right Values
However, before we press the switch, we can try to instill the right values in AI, such as helping those most in need, not destroying humans. Google ’ s DeepMind paper published in April 2023 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that AI can be taught from the perspective of political philosopher John Rawls.
Rawls has proposed a concept called “The Veil of Ignorance ”, which aims to achieve the most equitable distribution of benefits when group decisions are made.
According to his book, The Debate, if a group of people stand behind a curtain, all of them will instantly lose their memory, become ignorant, and forget their identity and status in the real world.
The political philosopher Ross assumes that people are behind the “curtain of ignorance ” (left) and have no idea of their skills, identities, and status.
In this scenario, people tend to choose the most equitable distribution of rights for all. (Image: Wikipedia)
At this time, these people are asked to vote for a working principle for the society.
Because they do not know where they are in this society, they cannot make decisions in an egoistic way, and they can only judge according to the principle of fairness to all people.
The situation is like, at the birthday party, you are responsible for cutting the cake, because you do not know which piece you will get, so you will try to cut each piece to the same size.
Under the curtain of ignorance, fairness and justice that has nothing to do with personal interests will emerge.
For this reason, DeepMind believes that applying the “curtain of ignorance ” to AI training may help promote fairness in the process of“ aligning ” AI with human values.
By “alignment ”, it means aligning AI ’ s wishes with those of humanity.
If AI shares fair values with humans, AI will not have the intention to destroy humanity.
White House convenes tech giants to discuss AI threats
However, even if AI does not intend to destroy humans, it may still have many negative effects on human society.
The Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Policy (CAIDP), a U.S. technology ethics organization, has complained to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that OpenAI ’ s latest large language model, GPT-4, is biased and deceptive and poses a risk to privacy and public safety.
The CAIDP lists potential threats that may arise from GPT-4, including: helping hackers churn out malicious code to exacerbate cyberattacks; and biased AI training data that may reinforce social stereotypes and make people of all races and genders vulnerable to unfair treatment. The FTC is investigating OpenAI, said FTC Chairman Lina Khan. "They cannot be separated from existing legislation and the Federal Trade Commission will actively enforce them," he said.
In an effort to make GPT-4 more secure, OpenAI hired 50 experts and academics to test GPT-4 against lies, language manipulation, and dangerous scientific common sense.
The OpenAI headquarters is pictured here. (Image: Wikipedia)
In early May 2023, the White House invited Google CEO Sundar Pichai, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, OpenAI founder Altman, and artificial intelligence startup Anthropic founder Dario Amodei to attend a conference to discuss the impact of AI on society.
Government officials at the meeting included Vice President Kamala Harris, Biden Chief of Staff Jeff Zients, National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan, National Economic Council Chairman Lael Brainard, and Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo.
U.S. President Joe Biden also attended the meeting.
EU to pass world ’ s first AI regulatory law
Generative AI, while helping to improve lives, can also pose security, privacy and fraud issues, says Ms Ho.
She noted that AI companies have an ethical and legal responsibility to ensure the safety of their AI products, while at the same time working with governments to protect civil rights and privacy.
She stressed that the White House will work to advance potential new legislation and support new legislation to mitigate the potential harms of AI technology.
In contrast, Europe has taken a step ahead in AI legislation.
On 11 May 2023, the European Parliament ’ s Committee on Civil Liberties and Consumer Protection overwhelmingly approved a position paper calling for restrictions on the use of AI in Europe, a crucial first step towards the adoption of the world ’ s first AI regulation bill.
The draft bill will be submitted to the full European Parliament for a vote in June of the same year, after which representatives of the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission will work out the final terms of the bill in tripartite talks.
The European Parliament has adopted a position paper that strengthens restrictions on biometrics, facial recognition, and the use of AI by police in routine duties.
The parliament believes the move could lead to the world ’ s first AI regulation bill. (Image: Wikipedia)
On the other hand, the White House announced that Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, NVIDIA, Stability AI, Anthropic, and Hugging Face have all committed to participating in DEF CON 31, a computer security conference to be held in August 2023, so that their AI models will be tested and evaluated by hackers and AI experts.
Experts will try to identify errors, failures, and vulnerabilities in AI tools so that AI companies can solve existing problems in their models early on.
However, these AI companies simply agree to a one-time test, rather than a commitment to a continuous evaluation when launching or improving their products, and may therefore not be sufficient to meet the regulatory requirements.
Despite this, DEF CON 31 is still seen as the first step for an AI model to be publicly evaluated.
We hope that after each important first step in legislative regulation and public evaluation, we can put generative AI trains on the right track, so that everyone can safely benefit from technological innovation.
DEF CON is one of the largest computer security conferences in the world. In addition to cybersecurity experts and hackers, participants included staff from the FBI, the Department of Defense, and the Postal Inspection Service.
The conference covered areas such as software security, computer architecture, hardware modifications, and other vulnerable areas of information. (Image: DEF CON official website)
The content of the signed and / or unsigned articles published by Economic Times is the author's personal opinion and does not represent the position of Economic Times, and the role of Economic Times is to provide a free speech platform.
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Hinton, alongside Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun, received the 2018 Turing Award for their contributions to neural networks and deep learning.

Which prestigious award did Hinton receive in 2018 for his work on neural networks?

He began researching artificial neural networks at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland over 50 years ago.

Hinton's work on backpropagation in the 1980s allowed machines to learn and is used in almost all artificial neural networks today.

Title:

Content: Geoffrey Hinton: GPT-4 is 100 times more knowledgeable than any human
Author: MIAO Yongqi
Published: Updated:
Computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton, known as the "godfather of artificial intelligence", announced Monday that he has resigned from Google. He has devoted his life to developing artificial intelligence systems, saying he "regrets his life's work" and is wary of the potential dangers of AI development.
In another recent interview, Hinton further talked about why he is afraid of AI development.
Hinton, 75, left Google a few days after the news broke in an interview with MIT Technology Review senior editor Will Douglas Heaven.
Hinton points out that the new generation of AI language models, especially the GPT-4, which came out in March, made him realize that these machines were moving in a direction that was much smarter than he thought, and he was afraid of these developments.
He is best known for a technique he proposed in the 1980s (with two colleagues) called backpropagation.
In short, the algorithms that allow machines to learn support almost all of today ’ s artificial neural networks, from computer vision systems to large language models.
It wasn ’ t until the 2010s that Hinton and his two recent graduates developed a “neural network ” that demonstrated its power, stronger than any computer ’ s ability to identify objects in images, and trained it to predict the next letter of a sentence, a precursor to today ’ s large-scale language patterns.
One of the students was Ilya Sutskever, the founder of OpenAI, who led the development of ChatGPT.
“We first thought it might be great. ”“ But it ’ s going to take a long time to realize that it needs to be done on a large scale to get good results. ”
In the 1980s, the discussion of “neural networks ” was considered a joke.
But Hinton doesn ’ t think so, and is working on this, software that mimics the abstract human brain and uses code as a connection between neurons. For 40 years, Hinton has viewed artificial neural networks as a clumsy attempt to mimic biological neural networks.
Now he thinks things have changed: he thinks there are better results when trying to mimic the behavior of the biological brain.
“It ’ s scary when you see it with your own eyes, ” he said.“ It ’ s a sudden change. ”
So why did ChatGPT surprise Hinton, too? He explained that the human brain has about 100 trillion connections, and “large language models have up to 500 billion, up to a trillion. ”
However, the knowledge of GPT-4 is a hundred times greater than that of any human.
So maybe it actually has a better learning algorithm than we do. "
He also pointed out that apart from the ability to learn, the ability to communicate is another kind of point.
“If you or I learn a new thing and want to teach it to another person, we can ’ t just send them a copy. ”
But artificial neural networks can do it.
It ’ s like there are 10,000 people here, and when one person learns a new thing, the other 9,999 people all learn it at the same time.
Hinton now believes that there are two types of intelligence: animal brains and artificial neural networks.
“It ’ s a completely different kind of intelligence.
“A new, better intelligence. ” Hinton believes that whether superintelligence is good or bad depends largely on whether you ’ re an optimist or a pessimist, and he says,“ mildly depressed, ” “that ’ s why I ’ m afraid. ”
“Whether these things are going to be smarter than us, I suddenly changed my mind. ”
I think they are very close to us now and they will be much smarter than us in the future, ” he said.
“How do we survive? ” he is particularly worried that people will use the tools he has developed to change the trajectory of human life, including elections and wars.
He said that he hopes to continue talking about AI security after leaving office and spend more time on “more philosophical work ”.“ As long as I ’ m still employed at Google, I can ’ t say what I want to say, ” he said. “I have a lot of good things to say about Google, and it would be more convincing if I wasn ’ t at Google. ”
Who is the godfather of AI computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton?
Hinton pioneered the basic technology of AI systems and became interested in artificial neural networks when he was a graduate student at the University of Edinburgh in 1972. In 2018, he and two experts in the field of deep learning were awarded the Turing Award, known as the “Nobel Prize in Computing ”.
What are the main concerns of “AI Godfather ” Geoffrey Hinton about the development of artificial intelligence?
He believes that the most direct impact is to promote the dissemination of false information and the loss of employment opportunities, and also worries about the use of this tool for evil, such as influencing elections and using it in war.

Which 1986 paper by Hinton became foundational for modern neural networks?

He developed a neural network with two recent graduates in the 2010s that demonstrated its power in identifying objects in images and predicting the next letter of a sentence.

One of the students he worked with was Ilya Sutskever, the founder of OpenAI, who led the development of ChatGPT.

Which AI system demonstrates the foundation laid by Hinton's pioneering research in deep learning and neural networks?

Hinton's research on deep learning and neural networks has paved the way for current AI systems, including Google's Bard chatbot and Microsoft's ChatGPT.

Title:

Content: AI ’ s “godfather ” interviewed by the BBC, warning that artificial intelligence may be smarter than humans
AI ’ s “godfather ” interviewed by the BBC, warning that artificial intelligence may be smarter than humans
Geoffrey Hinton, known as the “godfather ” of artificial intelligence (AI), has resigned from Google.
He warned that developments in the field of artificial intelligence pose increasing dangers.
In a statement to The New York Times, Dr. Hinton said he regretted his current job.
Dr. Hinton ’ s pioneering research in neural networks and deep learning paves the way for current AI systems such as Google ’ s Bard chatbot and Microsoft ’ s ChatGPT.
The cognitive psychologist and computer scientist told the BBC that chatbots may soon be smarter than humans.

Which AI system demonstrates the foundation laid by Hinton's pioneering research in deep learning and neural networks?

He has expressed concerns about the potential dangers of AI development, including the dissemination of false information, loss of employment opportunities, and the use of AI for evil purposes.

What did Hinton, the renowned British-Canadian expert reveal about AI that caused widespread concern?

Exposed serious AI risks, shocking the tech world and affecting major company stocks.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

What risks did Hinton associate with AI's rapid advancement?

Hinton believes that AI chatbots may soon be smarter than humans and has warned that they could become a threat to humanity if not carefully managed.

Title:

Content: Hotspot
“The Godfather of AI ” Leaves Google to Talk About AI Risks for Life (13: 25)
AI pioneer Geoffrey Hinton, known as the “godfather of AI, ” confirmed on Monday that he had left Google for 10 years last week.
He said in an interview that the current development of AI chatbots is worrying, thinking that they will soon be smarter than humans, and that Russian President Vladimir Putin "such a bad person" will use AI to do bad things.
Hinton, 75, worked part-time at Google for 10 years, helping with AI development.
He said he left Google in the hope of being free to talk about the risks of AI without regard to the impact of speech on Google, but stressed that Google has taken very responsible action.
“I comfort myself that if I don ’ t do it, there are others who do the same work. ”
He admitted that he regretted his life's work, and said that AI chatbots are very scary, so far they have not been smarter than humans, but "soon it may be."
He also worried that "some people like Putin will use AI to do bad things."
Hinton added that AI is different from human intelligence, and AI learning is like one in 10,000 people learning something, others automatically learn it, so these chatbots gain more knowledge than any human.
Another worry, he said, is that AI will take people to work for humans, and at the same time create a world where “people no longer know what is true or false. ”
(CNN / BBC)
Related Words: United Sky Robotics Artificial Intelligence Editor 's Recommendation Hot HotPICK
Previous / Next News

What did Hinton, the renowned British-Canadian expert reveal about AI that caused widespread concern?

Exposed serious AI risks, shocking the tech world and affecting major company stocks.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

Poses ethical risks
Becomes uncontrollable

What future risk did Hinton warn about AI?

What risks did the global summit report highlight about AI?

Creating malicious software for cyberattacks, potentially posing an existential threat if humans lose control.

He has also stated that he regrets his life's work on AI and finds the current state of AI development "scary".

Hinton's concerns about AI have been echoed by other experts, including Elon Musk and Yoshua Bengio, who have signed an open letter calling for a six-month moratorium on AI development.

Title:

Content: The ‘Godfather of AI’ warns about potential dangers of the technology as he quits Google

British-Canadian computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton admits he has fears for the future of AI

In a Frankenstein-esque tale of maker and master, Geoffrey Hinton, 75, dubbed ‘the godfather of AI’, has left Google with a parting warning over the dangers of artificial intelligence.

In 2012, the British-Canadian computer scientist invented technology with two students at University of Toronto that would become the intellectual foundation for AI systems. Google purchased the rights to this neural network tech to the tune of $44 million, which also propelled Dr Hinton to receive the Turing Award in 2018, considered the Nobel Prize of computing.

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Yet now, Dr Hinton has packed in the day job at Google to join a chorus of anxious experts demanding a rollback of AI research until more robust safety measures are designed and deployed. Dr Hinton told the BBC: ‘Right now, they’re not more intelligent than us, as far as I can tell. But I think they soon may be.’

While many look upon AI as a natural technological development akin to the internet that could lead to exciting breakthroughs for humanity, there are growing fears that AI is a Pandora’s box. Reflecting on the effects of his work, Dr Hinton said: ‘I console myself with the normal excuse: If I hadn’t done it, somebody would have,’ as he admitted, ‘it is hard to see how you can prevent the bad actors from using it for bad things.’

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The scientist went on to warn that AI could be taught to ‘create sub-goals like “I need to get more power”’, and be harnessed by nefarious actors to wreak havoc. With innovation driven forward by the unstoppable competition between behemoths like Google and Microsoft, Dr Hinton warned innovation will only increase exponentially in the coming years.

There are those who are trying to apply the brakes to this runaway train. In March, an open letter was signed by over 1,000 tech leaders and researchers, including Elon Musk and fellow Turing Award winner Yoshu Bengio, calling for a six-month moratorium on AI development. A few days later, 19 leaders of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence released their own letter on the risks of AI. The signatures included that of Eric Horvitz, chief scientific officer at Microsoft.

The main outcry over AI lies in its ability to create and disseminate false news and images, which the public may find increasingly hard to identify. AI also poses a threat to academia and careers (see: Tatler’s foray into the world of ChatGPT). Dr Hinton believes that AI will fundamentally disrupt the workplace and take over the ‘drudge work’.

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However Google’s chief scientist, Jeff Dean, offered words of comfort, adding: 'We remain committed to a responsible approach to AI. We’re continually learning to understand emerging risks while also innovating boldly.’

However, Hinton himself has not signed the petition, citing the fact that countries like China would not stop development regardless.

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Content: Wednesday, December 13, 2023
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New knowledge merges with old; what you know shapes what you learn. Artificial neural networks have been studied and computer algorithms have been generated to understand how artificial, computer-generated, neurons, would store a concept, and how it would revise that concept if it was flawed.

Geoffrey Hinton, a computer scientist often called ‘the godfather of AI,’ is a leading figure in neural networks; studies inspired by the way neurons are connected in the human brain. A New Yorker magazine piece describes his collaborative work in the 1960s and 1970s developing neural nets that couldn’t do anything better than a child. The technology suddenly improved about a decade ago with the large increase in processing speed and Internet data availability.

According to Google Scholar, Hinton is the second most cited researcher among psychologists and the most cited among computer and cognitive scientists.

Hinton has been worried about the potential of AI to do harm and he often talks about the existential threat that AI might pose to the human species. He has used OpenAI’s ChatGPT and this has made him uneasy. He wrote “Fox News is an oxymoron” asking ChatGPT to explain the joke. (Initial reading of this caused me to ponder – a moron full of oxygen??) The first reply told him that this implied Fox News was fake news. When he called attention to the space between oxy and moron, it explained that Fox News was addictive, like the drug OxyContin. To him, this level of understanding represents a new era in AI.

In nature, wildlife learns how to be intelligent without access to concepts expressed in words. They learn to be smart (survive) through experience. Learning, not knowledge, is the engine of intelligence. There is no use trying to explain complicated ideas that you do not understand. First, you must understand how something works. Otherwise, you just produce nonsense.

Because neural networks are so strange, no one can predict how useful – or dangerous – AI will become. OpenAI’s GPT models involve billions of artificial neurons (data) which are profoundly different than biological brains. They are not alive. Our intuitions tell us that nothing resident in a browser tab could really be thinking in the way we do.

Because a human brain can run on oatmeal, the world can support billions of brains, all different. Each brain can learn continuously, rather than being trained once, then pushed out into the world (ship it!).

If the brain dies, the knowledge dies. If a computer dies, load up another computer. Ten thousand neural nets can learn ten thousand different things at the same time and share what they have learned. This immortality (knowledge perpetuity) and replicability suggest we should be concerned about digital intelligence taking over from biological intelligence.

Current AI technology is talkative and intellectual. The problems of physical intuition will be the challenge of the next decade says Yann LeCun, a French computer scientist. A teenager can learn to drive a car in twenty hours of practice with little supervision. AI systems don’t come close to doing this – except self-driving cars – and they are over-engineered, requiring the mapping of whole cities, hundreds of engineers, and hundreds of thousands of hours of training.

And then there is the problem of what some researchers call AI ‘hallucination’, which Hinton names ‘confabulation.’ AI systems confabulate by making up plausible answers to questions that stump them. In the human mind, there is no boundary between just making it up and telling the truth. Telling the truth is just making it up correctly. ChatGPT’s ability to make things up is a flaw, but also a sign of its humanlike intelligence.

When Hinton began his research, no one thought the technology would succeed. When it started to succeed, no one thought it would succeed so quickly. He expects AI will contribute to many fields, but he fears what will happen when powerful people abuse it. Think autonomous weapons. Hinton warns that even benign autonomous systems could wreak havoc. Yann LeCun has said there is an idea that if a system is intelligent it is going to want to dominate. But the desire to dominate has nothing to do with intelligence – it has to do with testosterone.

Recently, Hinton did not sign a popular petition that called for at least a six-month pause in AI research.

“China is not going to stop development for six months.”

“So what should we do?”

“I don’t know. If this were like climate change where we either must stop burning carbon or find a way to remove carbon from the atmosphere, we know what the solution looks like. Here, with AI, it’s not like that.”

Think of the AI story in which our intuitions about the specialness of the human mind are being dislodged by thinking machines, or, having stolen fire, we risk being burned.

Are we fooling ourselves, being taken in by our own machines and the companies that hope to profit from them? By seeking to re-create the knowledge systems in our heads, have we seized the forbidden apple? Have we risked exile from our charmed world? But who would choose not to know how knowing works?

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The European Parliament has called for a summit to discuss how to control the development of advanced AI systems like ChatGPT.

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Content: AI Godfather Hinton: Artificial intelligence threatens humanity more urgently than climate change
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Geoffrey Hinton, a pioneer in artificial intelligence (AI), said in an interview with Reuters today that the threat posed by AI to humans may be “more urgent ” than climate change.
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Hinton, 75, who is regarded as one of the “godfathers ” of artificial intelligence, recently announced his departure from Alphabet, a 10-year tech company, because he wanted to make the risks of artificial intelligence public without involving employers.
Hinton ’ s research has been recognized as an important contribution to the development of contemporary AI systems. In 1986, he co-authored the influential paper Learning Representations by Back-propagating Errors, which set a milestone in the development of neural networks supporting AI technology. In 2018, he received the Turing Award for his research breakthroughs. And...
Hinton is one of a growing number of technology leaders who are concerned that machine intelligence will surpass humans and ultimately control the planet, and are openly raising concerns about the potential threat posed by AI.
“I ’ m not trying to downplay the importance of climate change, nor am I saying we shouldn ’ t worry about climate change, which is also a big risk, ” Hinton said.
But I think (artificial intelligence) may be more urgent in the end. "
“When it comes to climate change, making recommendations is simple: just stop carbon emissions.
If you do that, things will get better.
And when it comes to (artificial intelligence), there ’ s nothing we can do about it. ”
OpenAI, a U.S. artificial intelligence research lab sponsored by technology company Microsoft, launched ChatGPT, a chatbot that took the first shot at the AI race last November and quickly became the fastest-growing app in history, with 100 million monthly active users in just two months.
In April, thousands of people signed an open letter calling on all AI labs to suspend development of systems more powerful than OpenAI ’ s recently launched GPT-4 for at least six months, including social media CEO Elon Musk, AI pioneers Yoshua Bengio and Stuart Russell.
Hinton shares the concerns of the co-authors, who fear AI could pose an existential threat to humanity, but he disagrees with the suspension of research.
He said, “It ’ s not practical.
I agree that this is an existential risk, and it ’ s close, and it ’ s time to put a lot of effort into understanding what we can do. ”
Following the publication of the joint letter, the 12 members of the European Parliament called on leaders such as U.S. President Joe Biden and European Union Executive Committee Chairman Ursula von der Leyen to convene a summit to discuss how to control the development of advanced artificial intelligence systems such as ChatGPT, which are developing faster than expected.
“Technology leaders know best about [artificial intelligence], and politics must be involved, ” says Hinton.
This matter concerns all of us, so we must all think carefully. ”
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The public should understand that the development of AI is a complex issue that requires careful consideration and management to ensure that its benefits are realized while minimizing its risks.

What did Sam Altman admit about ChatGPT and the potential risks of AI?

Advanced AI could pose an existential risk to humanity.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

What risks did the global summit report highlight about AI?

Creating malicious software for cyberattacks, potentially posing an existential threat if humans lose control.

Hinton's warnings have highlighted the need for a nuanced discussion about the potential risks and benefits of AI and the need for experts, policymakers, and the public to work together to ensure that AI is developed and used responsibly.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

The development of AI raises social, ethical, and security challenges, including bias and discrimination in decision-making processes, and there is a need for a unified global policy to regulate AI and ensure its safe and responsible use.

Title:

Content: Industry tracking / global AI regulatory test enterprise resilience
The development and application of AI technology is rapidly changing the way people live and work, and it also raises a number of social, ethical and security challenges. In particular, AI systems may be biased and discriminated in the decision-making process, resulting in issues of individual rights and social justice.
Examples include inequality and ethics in AI applications such as hiring, credit approval, healthcare, and justice.
In critical infrastructure and critical industry applications, AI systems need to handle large amounts of personal and sensitive data, and data security and privacy protection issues are becoming increasingly prominent.
How to protect data from unauthorized access and abuse is a pressing issue.
The establishment of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks to guide the development and application of AI has become a focus of international attention.
Regulatory approaches to AI vary from country to country. For example, the European Union and the United States are two big players in creating a safe and reliable environment for AI development, but there are differences in regulatory approaches and priorities.
The EU ’ s regulatory approach is rules-based, emphasizing that laws and regulations guide the development of AI, highlighting the importance of protecting personal privacy, data security, and basic human rights. The 2021 AI bill includes strict requirements for high-risk AI systems, such as AI technology for public monitoring, scoring systems, and other areas, requiring rigorous evaluation and transparency disclosure, as well as light regulations for low-risk AI.
The United States has adopted a more relaxed and market-oriented approach to gradually strengthen its attention and supervision of AI technology, such as the comprehensive planning and supervision blueprint of the executive order of US President Joe Biden in 2023, and promoting enforcement practices at the federal level.
The U.S. AI regulatory strategy relies on market-driven and self-regulating mechanisms to encourage businesses and industry organizations to develop norms and standards that influence the direction of AI technology through government guidance documents and policy recommendations.
The strategic direction of the United States reflects an emphasis on freedom of innovation and concerns that excessive regulation may inhibit technological innovation and economic development.
The United States also has targeted regulatory measures in specific areas, such as driverless cars and medical care, implemented through existing industry regulators and legal frameworks rather than creating new rules.
In the future, Taiwanese companies should fully understand and comply with local regulations when entering these markets, and adjust their products and services according to different regulatory requirements to ensure smooth entry and sustainable development in the market.
Responding to the needs of AI regulation is not only a legal and compliance challenge, but also a strategic opportunity for businesses.
Strict regulatory requirements Although it may increase business operating costs and pressures in the short term, in the long run, companies that meet regulatory requirements are more likely to gain market recognition and preferences.
AI technology can be applied to the use of internal human resources assessment and management. In the AI regulatory discussion, the related basic human rights protection is a risk issue that the United States and Europe attach importance to.
The use of biometric AI is widely used, and it has also become a blue sea market for AI products and services, but it is easy to generate privacy problems.
The EU has expressed concern about systems involving mood recognition and remote biometrics, which should be classified as high or unacceptable risk.
Privacy and data security are important issues in AI regulation, and in the context of new technology applications, data security has a new breach, and enterprises must establish a strict data management system in the collection, storage, processing and transmission of data, and at the same time plan to comply with the law and regulations for the purpose of record keeping mechanism, in order to effectively reduce regulatory costs.
AI system evaluation In addition to ensuring the quality of security and protection, it is also necessary to assess whether the tested product meets the ethical value and avoid bias and discrimination.
However, there are many application areas of the tested products, and it is difficult for the external inspection team of the enterprise to determine whether it meets the ethical needs of the field. For example, OpenAI ’ s AI Red Team members are not only security professionals, but also experts in various fields to complete the evaluation.
Therefore, it is necessary for the company to have a certain understanding of the evaluation needs of its products, in order to produce complete and effective evaluation results together with the external professional evaluation team.
Enterprises need to be fully prepared for global AI regulatory challenges in multiple dimensions: strategy, management, technology, and communication.
Actively understand business market monitoring trends and implement effective risk management measures, strengthen data protection, and build your own AI product evaluation awareness.
Companies can avoid potential legal risks and remain competitive in the global market. (The author is a senior industry analyst at MIC, the Institute for Information Technology)
【 Do not reprint and use for other purposes without the permission of MIC 】
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What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

The global regulation of AI will face challenges, including differences in laws and cultures between countries, sovereignty, and international competition.

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Artificial intelligence is worrying the world.
G7 leaders face complex choices
20-05-2023 | 09: 00
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Artificial intelligence raises international concerns that have prompted G7 leaders to raise the issue at their summit that began Friday in Japan, where leaders discuss complex options to fine tune this advanced technology that scientists expect will make a difference in human societies and pose a challenge to the security of countries.
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In recent months, the dangers of generative artificial intelligence (AI) capable of creating text, images and videos have caught the attention of many countries and even tech workers who have spoken of the urgent need for “global regulation ” of the industry.
Despite the talk of some countries and regulatory bodies about their orientation to regulate artificial intelligence, the development of this technology exceeds everyone, especially in light of the feverish competition between the giants of technology.
A report in the National Interest magazine warned that “AI regulation ” would not be a priority on the agenda of G7 leaders, arguing that it could mean“ a missed opportunity to address rapid innovation in this area that will have inevitable social implications. ”
Relations between the United States and China, enhanced cooperation in the Pacific, and the Ukraine conflict may steal the limelight at the summit, but leaders of these countries should agree to develop "an agreement or treaty prohibiting the development of dangerous AI systems" and set regulatory standards that ensure competition between companies and not stifle innovation, but keep it within the framework of maximizing benefits to humanity.
If G7 leaders do not do so, "humanity could reap serious consequences", the report said, noting that it is important to control the rollout of "advanced AI models, allowing legislators" to counter any surprises, noting that we may see a race to develop this technology between the United States and China.
Professor of artificial intelligence, Ashraf al-Najjar, believes that there is an urgent need for a unified global policy to regulate artificial intelligence to ensure the safe and responsible use of this new technology, noting that this technology is not limited by geographical boundaries and its applications and effects can reach all countries.
Al-Najjar believes that “the global framing of artificial intelligence will undoubtedly contribute to unifying the standards and rules governing the use of its technologies, which will help reduce harmful or unethical uses. ”
Economist specialized in the communications and information technology sector, Wasfi Safadi, said that the world is in a state of "panic about this, and despite the emergence of many technologies during the past years, but artificial intelligence has raised interest similar to dealing with the file of international nuclear armament, everyone wants to put red lines so that developers do not cross them."
He stresses that there are fears "of advanced artificial intelligence systems and their impact in general, while some also warn of the possibility of developing these systems for themselves, as if they become a separate mind that cannot be controlled by humans, in a simulation similar to what we see in science fiction films."
Apart from the development of artificial intelligence for itself, its current capabilities are enormous and sophisticated, which if used in the "dark side" may be "disastrous results," so the leaders of the Group of Seven countries, and even the rest of the countries, should develop a "unified global policy to regulate artificial intelligence" to maximize its benefits and minimize its disadvantages, according to Safadi.
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman stressed to the U.S. Senate on Tuesday the need for regulatory frameworks for artificial intelligence.
At a hearing on the impact of artificial intelligence, he urged Congress to impose new rules on big tech companies, despite sharp political divisions that have for years hampered legislation aimed at regulating the internet sector.
“We believe regulatory intervention by governments will be necessary to mitigate the risks of increasingly powerful models, ” Altman said, citing challenges such as misinformation and job cuts.
One day you may pass through one of the world's airports, the distance between one gate and another may take 15 minutes.
In this short time you enjoy looking left and right, but your privacy may have been compromised, and you don ’ t know.
ChatGBT has sparked widespread interest in generative AI in the world, but posting false images on social media, more realistic than real images, created from apps like MedJourney, has warned of the dangers of manipulating public opinion.
“OpenAI was founded on the belief that artificial intelligence has the potential to improve almost every aspect of our lives, but it also creates serious risks. ”
But Altman stressed that OpenAI ’ s artificial intelligence would be able to address “some of the biggest challenges facing humanity, such as climate change and cancer recovery. ”
Al-Najjar explains that the global regulation of AI will face many challenges, especially "in the implementation of global policy, in light of differences in laws and cultures between different countries, not to mention issues related to sovereignty and international competition."
He added that starting the international dialogue on artificial intelligence and working to develop a global regulatory framework that respects human values and rights in ways that maintain security, stability and justice globally is an urgent necessity, which requires joint action and international cooperation to develop common laws and standards applicable in different countries to ensure that the application is consistent and fair.
Al-Najjar points out that any legal framework has to define "acceptable uses of AI, and limit liability in case of harm or abuse, which is why it is important to make efforts in public awareness and education to ensure access to safe and responsible use of various AI applications."
American tech giants are demanding that its use be framed as they announce new AI services every week.
Christina Montgomery, IBM ’ s vice president of trust and privacy, called for regulation of the industry without hindering innovation.
“Life-changing technology ” or“ disruptive technology ” may be revealing new developments in our world, but these developments will not be without a tax that may affect different users and communities.
In April, Google President Sundar Pichai said that “in the long term it will be necessary to develop a global regulation ” but that“ we are still at the beginning. ”
At the end of March, more than 1,000 figures demanded that research on artificial intelligence be halted for six months, including Elon Musk, who is also developing an artificial intelligence company, and Yoval Noa Harari, a thinker convinced that artificial intelligence could destroy humanity.
Tristan Harris, Google ’ s former chief ethics officer, said: “We don ’ t want a world where five companies put humanity on the AI plane without thinking about the future we want. ”
Samer al-Moubayed, a technology expert specializing in robotics and artificial intelligence, said it would be difficult to "reach consensus in strategies between different countries regarding artificial intelligence, and despite talk of the need to organize it, there is a global race currently underway in which everyone seeks to gain a competitive advantage and even a monopoly on technology."
Al-Moubayed, CEO of Farhat Robotics, a company specialized in manufacturing artificial intelligence robots, explains to Al-Hurra that "the countries that will adopt artificial intelligence systems will see progress in the coming period faster than the rest of the countries, and this may create a kind of gap between the developed countries themselves and the countries that do not have this technology."
He identified three things related to artificial intelligence that need to be regulated at a global level, which include:
Making technology available to everyone
Ensure the existence of international platforms and institutions that facilitate easy access to AI technology for all countries, and maximize its benefits in developing countries rather than in developed countries, especially in the areas of education and health care.
Making the truth available to all
Provide global tools in which AI developers collaborate with countries or international institutions in order to ensure the distinction between what is “real and what is made by AI ”, by reducing the spread of false news and misinformation.
Intellectual Property Guarantees
Create a global standard for defining intellectual property rights, distinguishing those ideas developed by humans from those generated by generative AI systems, especially with the capabilities provided by applications to create new designs and systems for technical problems.
In Europe, the alarm is being sounded above all by researchers, experts and regulators, and anti-AI rhetoric has multiplied in recent weeks.
Meanwhile, the EU is making progress on its “artificial intelligence law ”.
Last week, the European Parliament approved a framework that must be voted on in June.
But it will take years before it is put into practice.
The text will force generative AI systems such as ChatGT to have prior permission and transparency of their algorithms and data.
Without specifying the reasons, Google this week announced the deployment of ChatGPT ’ s rival Bard software in 180 countries.
But not in the European Union.
Artificial intelligence does not only raise the concerns of users and countries, as the leaders of companies giants of technology have also become afraid of its applications, according to an expert in cybersecurity and digital transformation, Roland Abi Najm, confirmed to the site "Alhurra".
"But companies continue to develop AI systems and compete to excel," he said, noting that some applications have the ability to "think or plan in a human-like way to make decisions based on more logical considerations."
"The leaders of the countries in the G7 and even the rest of the countries around the world, must reach the formula of an international agreement that regulates the general principles of dealing with artificial intelligence, which will determine the scope of work for companies to ensure the reduction of the misuse of this technology."
He pointed out that "everyone is waiting for such an international agreement, but the greatest reliance remains on the mechanisms of its implementation and implementation," noting that "there are differences and differences in the treatment of countries currently with this file, where there are differences between the general principles spoken by European countries and the United States, compared to what is talked about in China or Russia."
With technological advances, artificial intelligence (AI) has become one of its fastest advances.
The idea of a machine that learns and makes independent decisions may seem very interesting, but how exactly does it work?
“Since the advent of the Internet, websites and social networks until now, the world has not been able to reach a unified policy to deal with these developments, will countries be able to develop a global public policy for artificial intelligence? ”
In early May, the White House alerted the CEOs of US tech giants to their “moral ” responsibility to protect users from the potential social risks of artificial intelligence.
US Vice President Kamala Harris has invited the heads of Google, Microsoft, OpenAI and Anthropica to a meeting at a time when regulation of critical artificial intelligence still rests with the companies themselves.
Harris relayed to them the concern of the administration of President Joe Biden that these companies are racing to develop technology that could lead to serious harm to society.
Harris said in a statement: “As I have shared with the CEOs of companies that are at the forefront of American innovation in artificial intelligence, the private sector has an ethical, moral and legal responsibility to ensure the safety and security of their products. ”
She noted that artificial intelligence is capable of “improving people ’ s lives and addressing the biggest challenges that society faces ”, but it is also capable of“ at the same time. ”
“It dramatically increases security and safety risks, violates civil rights and privacy, and undermines public trust and faith in democracy. ”
Companies must “comply with existing laws to protect the American people ” and ensure the security of their products.
Biden has previously urged Congress to pass laws that would place stricter restrictions on the tech sector, but he is unlikely to see such efforts go too far amid the political divide in the United States.
The White House has urged new steps to “promote responsible American AI innovation, ” including a $140 million fund to expand AI research and a rating system to work with big companies to“ correct ” some of the AI controversies.
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Experts believe that a global regulatory framework is necessary to define acceptable uses of AI, limit liability in case of harm or abuse, and ensure public awareness and education.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

The European Union has a rules-based regulatory approach to AI, emphasizing the protection of personal privacy, data security, and basic human rights.

The EU's 2021 AI bill includes strict requirements for high-risk AI systems, such as rigorous evaluation and transparency disclosure, and lighter regulations for low-risk AI.

The United States has a more relaxed and market-oriented approach to AI regulation, relying on market-driven and self-regulating mechanisms to encourage businesses to develop norms and standards.

The US AI regulatory strategy emphasizes freedom of innovation and concerns that excessive regulation may inhibit technological innovation and economic development.

The EU AI Act is the first comprehensive regulation on AI, aiming to establish a harmonised framework for AI regulation across EU member states.

Title:

Content: EU AI Regulations

AI REGULATION IN THE EU

The EU AI Act (COM/2021/206) is hailed as the first comprehensive regulation on AI. It represents a significant milestone in AI governance via legislation. It aims to establish a harmonised framework for AI regulation across EU member states.

The Act's key provisions include a risk-based approach to AI governance. Specifically, with stringent requirements for high-risk AI systems to undergo conformity assessments. These assessments are conducted by notified bodies accredited by EU member states, instilling accountability and oversight in the development and deployment of high-risk AI applications.

Additionally, the Act imposes strict prohibitions on certain AI applications deemed unacceptable. Social scoring systems and real-time biometric identification in public spaces are a good example of this. By delineating clear boundaries on permissible AI applications, the EU aims to safeguard fundamental rights, including privacy, non-discrimination, and autonomy, while fostering public trust in AI technologies.

To facilitate effective implementation and enforcement of the AI Act, the legislation establishes the European Artificial Intelligence Board (EAIB). Comprising representatives from EU member states, the EAIB is tasked with providing guidance, monitoring compliance, and fostering international cooperation on AI governance. Furthermore, the Act empowers national competent authorities to enforce regulatory requirements and impose sanctions for non-compliance, ensuring robust enforcement mechanisms across the EU.

The EU AI Act (COM/2021/206) is hailed as the first comprehensive regulation on AI. It represents a significant milestone in AI governance via legislation. It aims to establish a harmonised framework for AI regulation across EU member states.

The Act's key provisions include a risk-based approach to AI governance. Specifically, with stringent requirements for high-risk AI systems to undergo conformity assessments. These assessments are conducted by notified bodies accredited by EU member states, instilling accountability and oversight in the development and deployment of high-risk AI applications.

Additionally, the Act imposes strict prohibitions on certain AI applications deemed unacceptable. Social scoring systems and real-time biometric identification in public spaces are a good example of this. By delineating clear boundaries on permissible AI applications, the EU aims to safeguard fundamental rights, including privacy, non-discrimination, and autonomy, while fostering public trust in AI technologies.

To facilitate effective implementation and enforcement of the AI Act, the legislation establishes the European Artificial Intelligence Board (EAIB). Comprising representatives from EU member states, the EAIB is tasked with providing guidance, monitoring compliance, and fostering international cooperation on AI governance. Furthermore, the Act empowers national competent authorities to enforce regulatory requirements and impose sanctions for non-compliance, ensuring robust enforcement mechanisms across the EU.

US AI Regulations

In contrast, the AI regulatory landscape in the US is characterised by a patchwork of laws and guidelines. As usual, reflecting a more decentralised and sector-specific approach. Federal agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have issued guidelines and regulations addressing specific aspects of AI, such as consumer protection and autonomous vehicles. However, comprehensive federal legislation on AI remains elusive, with regulatory efforts primarily focused on addressing sector-specific challenges.

The Department of Defence (DoD) is actively engaged in regulating AI technologies. In particular, within the context of national security and defence applications. The DoD has issued guidelines and policies for the ethical development and use of AI in military operations, including principles for AI governance, human-AI collaboration, and risk management. It also collaborates with industry partners and academia to advance AI research while ensuring national security interests are upheld.

Beyond the FTC, NHTSA, and DoD, several other federal agencies are involved in regulating AI technologies within their respective domains. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees the regulation of AI-driven medical devices and diagnostic tools, ensuring safety, efficacy, and accuracy standards are met. Similarly, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) addresses AI-related cybersecurity threats, while the Department of Justice (DOJ) focuses on legal and ethical considerations in AI applications, such as predictive policing and criminal justice reform.

Challenges and Disparities

AI REGULATION

The result is a heterogeneous system of laws and regulations. Against this backdrop, businesses, developers, and policymakers face the challenge of navigating a complex and evolving regulatory landscape. While the EU AI Act provides a comprehensive framework for AI governance in the EU, the regulatory environment in the UnS remains fragmented, with varying approaches across states and sectors. This disparity poses challenges for multinational companies operating in both jurisdictions, as they must reconcile conflicting regulatory requirements and ensure compliance with evolving standards.

UK AI Regulations

AI REGULATION in the UK

The AI Sector Deal is the UK government's strategic initiative to grow their AI legislative scope. It represents a concerted effort to position the UK as a global leader in AI innovation, research, and development. It was released in 2018 as part of the Industrial Strategy, aiming to leverage the transformative potential of AI technologies to drive economic growth, improve public services, and address societal challenges.

Key components of the Deal include substantial public and private sector investments, primarily in AI research, initiatives to foster AI talent development, and measures to promote ethical and responsible uses of AI technologies. Furthermore, the deal emphasises collaboration between industry, academia, and government to accelerate AI innovation and adoption across various sectors.

This outlines the UK's commitment to invest in AI research and innovation. In fact, the government pledged to invest £603 million in AI-related initiatives; with an additional £342 million in private sector investment, totalling £945 million. This underscores the government's recognition of AI as a strategic priority for economic growth and improving societal outcomes.

Moreover, the Deal places a strong emphasis on skills development and education. This aims to ramp up the UK workforce, giving them the necessary tools to thrive in an AI-driven economy.

Initiatives such as the AI Skills and Talent Package aim to support a wide-range development of AI skills. In fact various educational levels are included, from primary schools to universities; promoting diversity and inclusivity in the AI workforce.

In addition to fostering innovation and talent development, the AI Sector Deal underscores the importance of ethical and responsible AI development and deployment. It includes provisions for establishing an AI Council to provide guidance on AI policy and ethics, as well as initiatives to develop standards and best practices for AI governance and regulation.

Navigating the AI Frontier: Conclusion

AI REGULATION

While western governments are starting to take AI seriously, diverging legislations in a globalised world pose a daunting challenge. As businesses, developers, and policymakers navigate the complex and evolving regulatory landscape, they must reconcile differing approaches and ensure compliance with evolving standards. Multinational companies operating across jurisdictions face challenges in navigating regulatory disparities. However, initiatives such as the EU AI Act and the UK's AI Sector Deal provide guiding frameworks for responsible AI governance, fostering innovation while safeguarding societal interests.

The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.

The EU AI Act takes a risk-based approach to AI governance, with stringent requirements for high-risk AI systems to undergo conformity assessments.

The development of AI systems poses existential risks to humanity, and the regulatory framework should address these risks while balancing competing interests such as innovation and growth.

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The AI conversation has been building significant momentum over the past five or so years, but will we look back on March 2023 as the moment that interest in this area really broke through into the mainstream consciousness from its previous specialised domains of technology, academia, legal policy, and sci-fi interest? Max Tegmark might have something to say about this, but in my view the release of GPT-4 on 14th March has lifted the AI conversation to a whole new plane.

Public awareness and interest in AI have been cresting since the launch of OpenAI’s chatbot, ChatGPT, in November 2022, but the release of GPT-4, the multimodal large language model that underpins the bot, has caused unprecedented reactions that in turn have captured worldwide press and media attention.

I am referring to two reactions in particular.

Musk and FOLI call for AI moratorium

First, on 22nd March the Future of Life Institute (“FOLI”) published an open letter calling for all AI labs “to immediately pause for at least 6 months the training of AI systems more powerful than GT-4”. The backdrop to this demand is, according to the signatories, that “recent months have seen AI labs locked in an out-of-control race to develop and deploy ever more powerful digital minds that no one – not even their creators – can understand, predict, or reliably control”. This is sobering, seeing that the signatories observe that “AI systems with human-competitive intelligence can pose profound risks to society and humanity”. And in justifying their call for a moratorium, the signatures replay the words of OpenAI themselves:

“OpenAI's recent statement regarding artificial general intelligence, states that "At some point, it may be important to get independent review before starting to train future systems, and for the most advanced efforts to agree to limit the rate of growth of compute used for creating new models." We agree. That point is now.”

In the era of “Cancel Culture”, it would be surprising if there wasn’t a backlash against AI seeing how much attention ChatGPT has been receiving, but the newsworthiness of FOLI’s letter derives not simply from its contents, but from the identities of the signatories. Of course, Elon Musk and Steve Wozniak were bound to attract the most interest, due to their fame and pioneering roles in the world of technology, but a quick look at the list shows that many leading thinkers in the AI space share the points of view. Many serious thinkers in the AI field are expressing very serious views.

But for balance it’s worth noting that the letter has not been universally embraced in the AI leadership community and, as others have noted, FOLI is funded by the Musk Foundation. Also, Mr Musk was a co-founder of OpenAI, but he left that organisation in 2018 due to a “conflict of interest”.

Italy data protection regulator bans ChatGPT's use of Italian data

Second, on 31st March the GPDP, the Italian data protection regulator, imposed a temporary ban on ChatGPT's processing of Italian users' data. The GPDP seems to be on an anti-AI mission at the moment, as this is the second AI ban that it has imposed this year, following one imposed on another chatbot in February.

The English language report on the GPDP’s website is not comprehensive and the translation might not do justice to the reasoning applied, but the key issues are these:

  1. On 20th March a data breach was reported, which affected the conversations of ChatGPT users and information on subscriber payments. Presumably this is a reference to a personal data breach within the meaning of Article 4.12 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation.
  2. No information is provided to users and data subjects whose data are collected by OpenAI. Presumably this is a reference to the GDPR transparency rules in Articles 12, 13 and 14.
  3. There appears to be no legal basis underpinning “the massive collection and processing of personal data to ‘train’ the algorithms on which the platform relies”. This must be a reference to the rules on the legitimacy of data processing in Articles 6 to 9.
  4. “The information made available by ChatGPT does not always match factual circumstances, so that inaccurate personal data are processed”. This must be a reference to the accuracy principle in Article 5.1.d.
  5. There isn’t an age verification mechanism for use of the platform by children. This must be a reference to Article 8.2, but the GPDP also expresses concern about the appropriateness of the chatbot’s responses received by children.

On the face of the English translation, strictly speaking it seems that the GPDP isn't banning ChatGPT. Instead, the ban relates to OpenAI's use of Italian users' personal data. This probably means that the GPDP intends that OpenAI should not use the personal data of persons who are protected by the Italian implementation of the GDPR for Machine Learning purposes, nor should it process the personal data of any users of the chatbot who are similarly protected, which in either situation will mean more than Italian nationals. However, in the later situation - that is, use of the chatbot itself - the personal data of chatbot users is likely to be very limited in scope, i.e., limited to subscriber data (unless the user has been conducting vanity searches about themselves).

But to all intents and purposes, the GPDP's order constitutes a de facto ban on the use of ChatGPT in Italy, if it truly does extend to prohibiting the processing of users' personal data, as there's no way of using the system without logging in, which requires the submission of an email address (unless the user selects the OAuth log in options provided by Google and Microsoft), which is likely to be personal data in many cases. Moreover, it might be impossible for OpenAI to separate out training data that is covered by Italy data protection law from its model (or it might not be willing to do so for strategic reasons, to protect its legal position).

Thus, until the situation is resolved, ChatGPT is essentially banned in Italy. It may not be a ban de jure, but a de facto ban can achieve the same results: technology is stopped in its tracks.

What should the regulatory framework look like?

These two developments shine a spotlight on the epicentre of issues that the AI stakeholder community need to get to grips with. Essentially, they are concerned with the nature of the regulatory framework that should apply and the extent of independent oversight that the developers of AI should accept as part of a licence to operate.

Plainly, if the risks are as high as FOLI suggests, it would be wholly unacceptable for the technology industry to self-regulate its approach to AI, or to allow power to concentrate in the hands of a small group of companies.

EU proposed approached to regulating AI

The EU is already grappling with these questions and proposes an AI Regulation that will tier AI systems by reference to their risk levels, with everything overseen by a new pan-EU Artificial Intelligence Board and a system of national regulators. If this risk framework was to be applied to ChatGPT in its function as a chatbot, it would be regarded as a limited risk system.

UK approach to regulating AI

The UK is taking a different approach. Rather than creating a new regulatory system, the current system of regulators will be required to consider AI issues within their day-to-day regulatory functions, guided by five new regulatory principles that will eventually be codified in legislation. The current UK government’s overriding concern is to promote innovation and growth, to secure the country a global leadership role as an AI powerhouse. The EU wants that too, so the real issue will be how to balance growth against competing interests, such as data protection and other rights and interests.

The problem posed by FOLI’s letter is that for all the talk about growth, innovation and balancing of rights, we might not be addressing the most existential issue of them all, which is that AI might pose a threat to humankind itself. In that sense, as Mr Tegmark has informed us, we could be at the cusp of developing a new lifeform, Life 3.0. If that is true, then perhaps the enormity of the issues has not been fully realised within the debates that are shaping the regulatory frameworks. Like with the scientific developments that led to the development of nuclear weaponry, are we ignoring the risk that we might be taking the pathway of technological progression that can ultimately threaten our existence and which we are unable to unwind?

Moratorium unlikely?

But even if we are aware of the enormity of the choice we face, what will we do about it in a world where humankind seems destined to threaten its own interests even when all conceivable alarm bells have been sounded? Is our progression towards an AI dystopian future inevitable, in the same way that a progression to a climate catastrophe seems impossible to avoid? Perhaps the argument that will most likely prevent an AI moratorium in the West will be that China, Russia, India etc., will carry on regardless. Moreover, we do not need to look to the West's rivals to identify barriers to an AI moratorium: it is not at all surprising that the CEOs of Microsoft and Google have not added their signatures to FOLI’s letter.

Yet, none of these arguments by themselves render the GPDP’s position on ChatGPT unassailable. Looking at the list of issues that have been highlighted, at least one of them seems suspect following a modicum of analysis: that is, using personal data for Machine Learning purposes can have a legal basis within the legitimate interest criterion of GDPR Article 6, or within the manifestly public information criterion of Article 9, insofar as special categories of personal data are concerned. Indeed, the presence of a legitimate interest for mass processing of personal data by technology companies was implicitly recognised by the Court of Justice of the EU in the right to be forgotten case involving Google.

It may also be possible that the GPDP has stretched the rules on parental consent beyond their elasticity, by extending the statutory purpose to the quality and content of information that a child may receive through a chatbot, in contrast to how a chatbot processes that child’s personal data. The transparency rules and accuracy rules also have limitations if the wording of the EU GDPR is taken at face value. Finally, there is the question of the exercise of the regulatory discretion: if a chatbot would be regarded as a low risk under the proposed EU AI Regulation, does it really amount to a fair exercise of discretion to ban it under the GDPR?

Should privacy be the only voice in the room?

The issues raised by the GPDP will presumably result in a referral of the case to the Court of Justice and we will learn the answers in the fullness of time, but the GPDP has – whether intentionally or unintentionally – shone a much needed spotlight on the issue of primacy of stakeholders (as has FOLI). If a system is low risk when viewed through the lens of specialist AI legislation and if AI can be a power for good, then why should a data protection regulator have primacy over the issue of a chatbot’s accessibility and use and be able to implement a ban on its own volition?

Of course, data protection is a massively important issue, but it is not the only issue that AI engages. Perhaps, given the state of the regulatory framework, there is no other voice in the room with effective regulatory power, but if data protection is the only area that currently has real regulatory skin in the game, that would seem to be a great shame.

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What did Hinton, the renowned British-Canadian expert reveal about AI that caused widespread concern?

Exposed serious AI risks, shocking the tech world and affecting major company stocks.

What did Sam Altman admit about ChatGPT and the potential risks of AI?

Advanced AI could pose an existential risk to humanity.

What future risk did Hinton warn about AI?

What risks did the global summit report highlight about AI?

Creating malicious software for cyberattacks, potentially posing an existential threat if humans lose control.

A moratorium on AI development is unlikely due to the potential for other countries to continue developing AI systems regardless, and the lack of support from major tech companies.

The rapid advancements and unpredictable nature of AI systems have left lawmakers and regulators struggling to keep pace with regulation.

Title:

Content: Addressing the Challenges of Regulating Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (A.I.) has emerged as a transformative technology that holds immense potential as well as risks. Nations worldwide have recognized the urgent need to regulate A.I., but the task is proving to be a significant challenge. The rapid advancements and unpredictable nature of A.I. systems have left lawmakers and regulators struggling to keep pace.

The European Union (E.U.) has been at the forefront of A.I. regulation efforts, but even its lawmakers have been caught off guard by the technology’s evolution. When they introduced a draft law to regulate A.I. in April 2021, they hailed it as a global model for handling the technology. However, the emergence of humanlike chatbots such as ChatGPT, which was not mentioned in the draft law, blindsided E.U. policymakers. This unexpected development sent lawmakers scrambling to address the gap in their regulations.

Similar challenges have been observed in other nations. Lawmakers in the United States openly admit that they barely understand how A.I. works, while in Japan, nonbinding guidelines are being drafted to regulate the technology. China has imposed restrictions on certain types of A.I., and the United Kingdom believes that existing laws are sufficient for regulation. Meanwhile, countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are investing heavily in A.I. research.

At the heart of these fragmented responses is a fundamental mismatch between the rapid advancement of A.I. systems and the ability of governments to regulate them effectively. Lawmakers and regulators simply cannot keep up with the pace of technological progress. This challenge is further compounded by a lack of A.I. expertise within governments, complex bureaucratic processes, and concerns that excessive regulations may hamper the technology’s benefits.

Even in Europe, which boasts some of the most aggressive tech regulators, policymakers find themselves grappling with the complexities of A.I. regulation. The E.U.’s A.I. Act, despite its disputes and compromises, aims to enforce restrictions on risky A.I. uses and increase transparency regarding the underlying systems. However, even if the law is passed, it will take a significant amount of time to come into effect, potentially rendering it outdated in the face of rapidly evolving A.I. capabilities.

The absence of comprehensive regulations has created a void, leaving tech giants like Google, Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI to self-regulate as they strive to capitalize on advanced A.I. systems. Many companies prefer nonbinding codes of conduct that offer flexibility in accelerating A.I. development and are pushing for softer regulations. This situation has led to tensions between governments and industry players.

Without unified and timely action, governments risk falling even further behind A.I. developers and the potential risks associated with the technology. The creators of these systems themselves are uncertain of their capabilities and potential consequences, highlighting the urgent need for governments to equip themselves with the necessary tools and knowledge to address and mitigate these risks effectively.

In conclusion, the regulation of artificial intelligence is proving to be a complex and challenging task for nations worldwide. As A.I. systems continue to advance at a rapid pace, lawmakers and regulators must grapple with the inherent unpredictability and speed of technological progress. Striking a balance between regulation and fostering innovation remains a delicate endeavor. However, it is imperative that governments address these challenges promptly to ensure responsible and effective governance of this transformative technology.

FAQ

Q: What is artificial intelligence (A.I.)?
A: Artificial intelligence refers to systems or machines that possess the ability to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and language understanding.

Q: Why is regulating A.I. challenging?
A: Regulating artificial intelligence is challenging due to rapid advancements, unpredictable nature, lack of expertise within governments, complex bureaucratic processes, and concerns about hindering the benefits of the technology.

Q: What are some responses to A.I. regulation?
A: Different nations have approached A.I. regulation differently. Some have issued executive orders, drafted guidelines, imposed restrictions, or relied on existing laws. There is a lack of unified global action on A.I. regulation.

Q: How are governments responding to the challenges?
A: Governments are working to bridge the knowledge gap by organizing summits, seeking advice from experts, and exploring regulatory frameworks. However, there is a pressing need for timely action to address the risks associated with A.I.

Sources:
– The New York Times: [www.nytimes.com](https://www.nytimes.com)

The European Union has been at the forefront of AI regulation efforts, but its lawmakers have been caught off guard by the technology's evolution.

There is a fundamental mismatch between the rapid advancement of AI systems and the ability of governments to regulate them effectively.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

Poses ethical risks
Becomes uncontrollable

Regulating AI is challenging due to rapid advancements, unpredictable nature, lack of expertise within governments, complex bureaucratic processes, and concerns about hindering the benefits of the technology.

Different nations have approached AI regulation differently, with a lack of unified global action.

The public should be aware of the potential risks and benefits of AI, and should demand that companies and governments prioritize transparency, accountability, and fairness in the development and deployment of AI systems.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?

Ultimately, the development of effective AI regulatory frameworks and standards will require a sustained effort from governments, industry leaders, and civil society organizations to ensure that AI is used in ways that promote human well-being and respect human rights.

What does Hinton warn could happen to AI if companies and regulators fail to implement effective rules and controls?