The traditional craft of glassblowing in Syria has a rich history that dates back over 2,000 years to the time of the Phoenicians, who were the first to invent glass.

The town of Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province, northern Syria, has historically been famous for its skilled glassblowing craftsmen.

Traditional glassblowing in Damascus has a long history that evolved over time and was used to create decorative items such as mishkats and lanterns.

The craft of glassblowing was also practiced in other parts of Syria, including the city of Aleppo, which has been famous for centuries for its traditional glassblowing art.

The war in Syria significantly affected the traditional craft of glassblowing in the region, but after the liberation of the city from terrorism, some artisans have revived the traditional craft of glassblowing.

Glassblowing artisans in Syria use recycled glass, melting it in an oven at high temperatures to create new pieces, and the finished products are decorated and colored to enhance their aesthetics.

The art of glassblowing is considered a type of plastic art, allowing artisans to create a wide range of shapes and designs using their imagination.

The traditional craft of glassblowing is an important part of Syria's intangible heritage and is being preserved and passed down to future generations through exhibitions, seminars, and training programs.

The craft of glassblowing has been influenced by and has entered the cultures of different civilizations, and its history and cultural significance are closely tied to the history and cultural significance of Damascus.

The importance of preserving traditional crafts and cultural heritage in Syria is highlighted by the fact that many young people view traditional costumes and crafts as a representation of their country's history and wear them at weddings and special occasions.

The Syrian government and various organizations are working to preserve and promote traditional crafts, including glassblowing, through financial grants, training programs, and exhibitions.

UNESCO included traditional glassblowing on the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity that needs urgent preservation in December 2023, highlighting the need to safeguard this important part of Syria's cultural heritage.

The reason for UNESCO to list traditional glassblowing as Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding is not explicitly stated in the available documents, but it can be inferred that it is due to the craft's cultural significance and the need to preserve it for future generations.

The cultural significance of traditional glassblowing in Damascus is closely tied to the city's history and cultural heritage, and it is considered an important part of Syria's intangible cultural heritage.

The Levantine rose and its associated practices and traditional crafts, including glassblowing, are important Syrian heritage elements inherited from generation to generation.

The Syrian intangible cultural heritage, including traditional glassblowing, is considered important for preserving national identity and facing the challenges of globalization.

Despite efforts to preserve and promote traditional glassblowing, the current status of the craft in Syria is precarious, with many craftsmen facing financial difficulties and struggling to continue their work due to the economic crisis and lack of support.

The exact number of craftsmen currently practicing traditional glassblowing in Syria is not specified in the available documents.

However, some artisans, such as Yassin Arab and Hussein Najjar, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the traditional craft of glassblowing.

The Syrian Secretariat for Development has contributed to the refinement of its work with Syrian communities to preserve and revive cultural heritage, including traditional glassblowing.

The Directorate of Intangible Cultural Heritage was active in most governorates, focusing on monitoring, studying, and documenting national intangible heritage, including glassblowing, in 2022.

The registration of the Aleppo cod on the UNESCO list is seen as a way to protect and preserve the depth and originality of the Syrian artistic identity.

The Syrian government and institutions are working to preserve the country's intangible heritage in general, but no specific conservation efforts for Syrian traditional glassblowing are mentioned in the documents.

The decline of traditional crafts in Syria is attributed to difficult economic and security conditions, high costs of production inputs, and increased income taxes.

The traditional professions and crafts in Syria have declined by 50% due to these challenging conditions.

The average monthly salary in Syria is around $20, making heritage products a luxury for most Syrians.

There is a lack of awareness about the importance and authenticity of traditional crafts among trade unions and government agencies.

Many young craftsmen have migrated outside the country due to poor working conditions.

Economic and social policies, such as the change in general economic orientation in 2008, have restricted the owners of traditional crafts and excluded them from support.

The cessation of exhibitions and the difficulty of participating in external events have further affected traditional crafts.

Family and social disintegration due to large-scale migration have also contributed to the decline of traditional crafts.

The price of raw materials, such as wood and pistachios, has increased significantly, affecting the production of traditional crafts.

The price of a kilo of Arabic sweets has exceeded 400,000 pounds, making it unaffordable for many Syrians.

Many sweets shops in Damascus have closed or reduced their production due to high operating costs and low profits.

The government's lifting of subsidies on oil derivatives has led to a 150% increase in costs for confectionery craftsmen.

The head of the artisanal association for the confectionery industry estimates that 70% of confectionery workshops have closed due to the economic crisis.

The disappearance of traditional crafts is a severe blow to the Syrian economy, which has relied heavily on these crafts for labor and contribution to the economy.

The crisis of workers in traditional crafts dates back to before 2011, when the regime attempted to pressure owners of traditional crafts to pay taxes and keep them away from city centers.

The gradual demise of traditional crafts will have negative effects on the Syrian economy, including the loss of job opportunities and the decline of private industrial sector investment.

UNESCO's goal is to celebrate and preserve traditions, practices, and skills from extinction, rather than the objects themselves.

The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage aims to preserve intangible cultural heritage and promote cultural diversity.

The Syrian Ministry of Culture views the inscription of traditional glassblowing on the UNESCO list as an additional step to protect and preserve the national identity.

The Syrian government and institutions organized events and exhibitions to showcase Syrian cultural heritage.

Syria collaborated with international organizations and countries to preserve and promote its cultural heritage.

The elements of Syrian intangible cultural heritage include traditions, expressions, arts, social practices, knowledge, and skills related to traditional crafts, including glassblowing.

Intangible heritage contributes to the preservation of identity and personality.

Globalization is trying to eliminate Syrian heritage and culture.

The Syrian Secretariat for Development implemented projects to preserve intangible heritage elements.

Efforts are being made to support and preserve traditional Syrian crafts, including the Levantine rose and glassblowing, through projects and initiatives launched by Syrian institutions and bodies.

However, more needs to be done to preserve and promote traditional glassblowing in Syria, including providing support to artisans and promoting the craft to a wider audience.

The traditional craft of glassblowing in Syria has a rich history that dates back over 2,000 years to the time of the Phoenicians, who were the first to invent glass.

Title:

Content: Samples of the Damascene Literary Heritage Attend an Exhibition and Seminar in the Culture of Infection
Damascus-Sana
In the exhibition “Heritage Crafts are Inherited by the Fragrance of History ” hosted by the Adawi Cultural Center, the artworks varied between glass decoration, Damascene brocade and various handicrafts.
The exhibition was followed by an introductory seminar on these arts for the Sheikhs of Carr and craftsmen specialized in these professions under the supervision of the handicraft trainer Rowaa Yousef.
Youssef Lassana explained that the exhibition was dedicated to traditional professions in general and handicrafts, especially such as brocade, painting on glass, Islamic motifs and handicrafts to maintain their continuity and importance.
Mohammed Bassam Rayhan Sheikh Al-Karar in painting on glass and decoration spoke in his intervention about the history of this craft, its forms, fields of work and materials used in it, pointing out that the glass, which was the first to be invented by the Phoenicians, evolved in Damascus throughout history and was painted on the mishkat and lanterns using oxides and various materials, thermal colors, acrlik and others.
The Damascene brocade craftsman Mohammed Rankous explained in his intervention that this cloth is made of natural silk and golden reed yarns and attributed to Damascus because it took its character, heritage and environment, such as the painting of Omar Khayyam, the Levantine Rose, grape clusters, the lover and the beloved, and the octagonal geometric drawings, pointing out that this craft entered the cultures of different civilizations.
Nasruddin Mohammed is a graduate of applied arts and a drawing teacher who participated in paintings for his students from children and boys. In his intervention, he explained the history of the Damascene plant decoration, its methods, types and schools such as Andalusian, Persian and Damascene, and its differences in decoration, diggings, mirrors and miniatures, indicating that its history dates back to the Andalusian civilization, which was its main creativity in palaces and buildings.
Mohammed Sabha is a bridal craftsman who participated in a group of decorative glass works for brides and explained that he has completed a model of a waterfall flowing from an electric mountain that is operated by hand from cardboard, wood and cork inspired by his ideas.
Rana Ayoub participated in a group of works of three-dimensional models and miniatures of the Levant environment. She explained that she chose this environment because she grew up and lived in it and adored it. It is necessary to inform future generations of their heritage and history, pointing out that she works with cork, wood, natural materials, gypsum, ceramic paste and others.
Bilal Ahmed

The town of Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province, northern Syria, has historically been famous for its skilled glassblowing craftsmen.

Title:

Content: Art of glassblowing returns again in Aleppo countryside liberated from terrorism

The town of Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province in northern Syria has historically been famous for its skilled glassblowing craftsmen. The war considerably affected this traditional craft inherited from our ancestors, but after the liberation of the city from terrorism, some artisans have brought it back to life. The artisan, Yassin Arab learned the glassblowing craft from his father when he was a child, and after the town was liberated from terrorism, he returned to his small facility, where he worked to restore it and start working again. Arab does not hide his enormous passion for the craft of glassblowing and his belief in the need to preserve this ancient Syrian heritage. Regarding the working mechanism, the artisan explained to SANA that he uses recycled glass, melts it again in the oven at high temperature, and then chooses a specific shape for its manufacture, whether hookah bottles, vases, plates, small jugs, fish houses for decoration, decorated cups and antiques of different sizes. After that, t he piece is blown, rotated and processed by the artisan until it takes its final shape using white and brown colors, and once the manufacturing of the product is finished, it is decorated and colored to give it the required aesthetics. For his part, Hussein Najjar noted that he learned the craft of blowing glass manually since he was young and has been working in this field for 40 years. He added that he is able to make any shape or glass container, using his imagination, and considered that the art of glassblowing is one of the types of plastic arts. Traditional glassblowing is a profession that dates back more than two thousand years (since the time of the Phoenicians) and was included in December 2023 by UNESCO on the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity that needs urgent preservation. Source: Syrian Arab News Agency

Traditional glassblowing in Damascus has a long history that evolved over time and was used to create decorative items such as mishkats and lanterns.

The craft of glassblowing was also practiced in other parts of Syria, including the city of Aleppo, which has been famous for centuries for its traditional glassblowing art.

Title:

Content: “The Aleppo Dowds ” on the UNESCO World Heritage List
Culture and Art
Copy Link https: / / en.rt.com / ryqj
UNESCO today inscribed the Syrian Aleppo cod on the list of human heritage, which the Syrian Ministry of Culture described as an additional step to protect and preserve the national identity.
The ministry announced in a statement that UNESCO has classified the Aleppo cod on its list, during the meeting of the 16th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in France, and said that part of the culture and heritage of the ancient Syrian society has been added to the world human heritage.
The Ministry congratulated Syria and all Syrians on the inclusion of the Aleppo cod on the list of human heritage in UNESCO, and thanked “the sons of Syria who love their Aleppo cod for supporting the registration of these cod on the list of the Syrian heritage. ”
She also thanked the Syrian Secretariat for Development for its great efforts in the preparation of the file and follow-up at UNESCO.
She said that the registration of the borders "is an additional step to protect and preserve the national identity," and that "the Aleppo borders are a mirror of the depth and originality of the Syrian artistic identity."
The city of Aleppo has been famous for centuries for this art, and the most prominent pioneer in the great era was the late artist Sabah Fakhri, who died on November 2 last.
Source: RT
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The war in Syria significantly affected the traditional craft of glassblowing in the region, but after the liberation of the city from terrorism, some artisans have revived the traditional craft of glassblowing.

Glassblowing artisans in Syria use recycled glass, melting it in an oven at high temperatures to create new pieces, and the finished products are decorated and colored to enhance their aesthetics.

The art of glassblowing is considered a type of plastic art, allowing artisans to create a wide range of shapes and designs using their imagination.

The traditional craft of glassblowing is an important part of Syria's intangible heritage and is being preserved and passed down to future generations through exhibitions, seminars, and training programs.

The craft of glassblowing has been influenced by and has entered the cultures of different civilizations, and its history and cultural significance are closely tied to the history and cultural significance of Damascus.

Title:

Content: Culture of Al-Baath Newspaper
Intangible heritage contributions to the protection of national identity
Amina Abbas
Heritage researchers and scholars agree that the Levant region is the most important heritage repository for humanity, as it has the oldest and richest heritage, and this heritage, both material and intangible, was coveted by the colonists since ancient times to destroy culture and identity, there is no identity without heritage based on it, and no heritage without identity, so Syria is keen through its institutions and bodies to emphasize the importance of preserving it.
Hence, the Quneitra branch of the Arab Writers Union, in celebration of World Heritage Day, decided to hold a seminar in the Levant Hall of the National Museum entitled “Contributions of Intangible Heritage to the Protection of National Identity ” with the participation of Dr. Amal Daccak, Professor Ruba Al-Diab, Qas Ghassan Houranieh and Dr. Rima Diab, Head of the Quneitra branch of the Arab Writers Union. It represents not only traditions and the past, but society in all its layers, and links the past to the present and the future, and it is a means for each people to prove its existence in the world and its authenticity, while stressing that the intangible heritage contributes to the preservation of identity and personality. Our identity and our heritage in the era of globalization, which is trying to eliminate our heritage and culture to be part of this lost world.
This was also confirmed by Dr. Dakak in her participation: “The Syrian tangible and intangible heritage is rich in its authenticity and civilization that dates back thousands of years, so it was and still is coveted by the colonists who stole many treasures to be in their world museums, and their war on Syria recently was aimed at destroying culture and identity and stealing antiquities. ” It is an integrated cultural unit formed by man throughout his long history with his creative thinking, observations, reflections and experiences accumulated generation after generation, and it is the social environment occupied by man and the components and pillars produced by previous generations until it reached subsequent generations and has the function of supervising the behavior of the individual and his sociocultural upbringing because it is a reflection of the social, intellectual and cultural life of peoples. As Daccak pointed out, the identity is the set of psychological, social and civilizational features of our nation throughout its long history, and the folklore constitutes the identity of a homeland rich in culture and civilization, calling in the era of globalization to seek to preserve our cultural identity and heritage, which represents this identity to face the challenges of globalization that invade us and want to eliminate our identity and culture. And our originality by drawing different borders in which national identity is absent and killing people in their country.
Because the Levantine rose and its associated practices and traditional crafts are important Syrian heritage elements inherited from generation after generation, and was included by UNESCO in 2019 in the list of intangible human heritage was talked about by Professor Al-Diab, who was crowned queen of roses and became Syrian ambassador to the world: “The Levantine rose was found painted on the wall of a palace on the island of Crete and was introduced to France during wars. As the poet Nizar Qabbani wrote about her,“ I am your Damascene rose, O people of the Levant, and whoever finds me should put me in the first vase, ” referring to the areas of its cultivation in Damascus countryside and Ghubartha. The project was launched by the Syrian Secretariat for Development in 2020 with the support of First Lady Asma al-Assad, affirming that Syrians consider the Levantine Rose an important part of their culture. The Ministry of Tourism has taken it as its slogan, in addition to many medical and cosmetic companies and building a path that is architecturally designed in the form of a Levantine Rose, explaining that the elements of the Syrian intangible cultural heritage include: Traditions and expressions “qaṣīda, mawwāl, ataba, dalaouna, zaghārīd, folk proverbs ” and the arts:“ Aleppo qadūd, coastal dabka, Circassian dance, Syriac church music ” Social practices “preparing and serving bitter coffee ” Knowledge and practices related to nature and the universe:“ cupping, traditional architecture ” Skills related to traditional crafts “wooden mosaic, brocade ” The crafts associated with the Levantine Rose ”, and that the elements of the intangible Syrian heritage included in the lists of human heritage are: falcon hunting, shadow fiction theater, Levantine Rose, Aleppo cod, glass blowing and making sticks and playing on them.
It is noteworthy that the seminar included the presentation of a film prepared by dr.
Amal Daccak spoke about heritage in our contemporary lives and its role in preserving our national identity, and the participation of the storyteller Ghassan Houranieh through a short story titled “The Levantine Rose ”.

The importance of preserving traditional crafts and cultural heritage in Syria is highlighted by the fact that many young people view traditional costumes and crafts as a representation of their country's history and wear them at weddings and special occasions.

Title:

Content: Traditional Damascene costumes.
A legacy struggling to survive.
T + T - normal size
Despite the great development of the fashion industry in the world and its overwhelming presence in many societies, the traditional costumes of a country remain part of its history and the identity of its society.
Traditional Damascene costumes and their makers are struggling to survive in the face of Western fashion, which is now limited to a few elderly people, some social events that require it, or even workers in some restaurants in Old Damascus.
However, these costumes are still characterized by precision in the inscriptions, colors and decorations associated with the Damascene culture, which require the skill of the manufacturer.
The Syrian television drama contributed to the return of these costumes to the forefront, through the works of the Levantine environment, or those that talk about the period of the Ottoman and French occupation, which witnessed a wide spread during the past two decades, which led to the revival of these crafts and interest in them again as heritage pieces, and one of the components of the Syrian intangible heritage.
The craftsman specialized in Damascene fashion, Khaled Misbah al-Saqa, explained in his interview to Al-Bayan that Damascene folk costumes still preserve their privacy for the people of the city, as they reflect their heritage and past.
He said: « The history of folk costumes dates back to the third century BC, and these costumes continued to develop until they reached the stage of perfection, so that they provide comfort, both for men and women, in addition to being a beautiful veil at the same time, and even now worn by peasants during work and occasions, while young people look at them from a heritage perspective, representing the history of their country, and so far wear it at weddings and occasions ».
Al-Sakka, who has been in the profession for 40 years, continued: “From my point of view, the traditional Damascene dress is comfortable for the body, and beautiful at the same time, and consists for the man of the « Sherwal », the striped shirt made of « Damascene », and « Shamla », which is placed on the abdomen and is also made of Damascene cloth, on it is placed dagger decorated with shells and bone. ”
He added: « As for « Hatta », its color is white, and decorated in black, while « Aqal » of black color is stuffed with wool thread, and striped with shiny satin thread, and there is a long thread at the end called « fresh ».
Speaking about the traditional women ’ s dress, Al-Sakka said: “It is a dress decorated with Damascene flowers, as for the shawl that the woman wears on the head, it is made of long cotton hand-embroidered with flowers. ”
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The Syrian government and various organizations are working to preserve and promote traditional crafts, including glassblowing, through financial grants, training programs, and exhibitions.

Title:

Content: Exhibition of craft products by Syrian and Russian artists in the public park in Aleppo
Halab-Sana
On the grounds of the public park in the city of Aleppo, the activities of the exhibition of craft products were launched today, with the participation of 20 craftsmen and artists from Syria and the Russian Federation.
The exhibition, organized by the Ministry of Industry in cooperation with the Russian Cultural Center in Damascus, the Federation of Artisans in Aleppo and the Syrian Professional Center Association, includes a collection of heritage and artistic works, paintings of Ajami thread, ornaments and handicrafts of wool, orphans, leather, rugs, carpets, bamboo and silver industry.
According to the President of the Union of Artisans in Aleppo, Mohammed Hossam Hallak, in a statement to SANA correspondent, the exhibition aims to highlight the traditional handicrafts and crafts and folklore professions to revive them by training the younger generations and mastering their industry to preserve them.
Mustafa al-Nu, President of the Syrian Professional Center Association, pointed out that the association worked to attract professionals and handicrafts, and provided them with financial grants to encourage them to continue their work, to preserve these crafts from extinction, in addition to training young people wishing to learn these crafts and develop them to suit the times.
The Russian artist Yuri Lishin, famous for the manufacture of blowing on glass, talked about his professionalism for more than 54 years, and his participation in many exhibitions in the world, indicating that his visit to Syria to learn about the glass industry, and participate in workshops on the manufacture of hand glass in Syria.
A number of participants noted the importance of the exhibition, which allows for the marketing of their products, where Zakaria Sultan, who works in the craft of silver and peat breaking, explained that he participates with silver and copper products and accessories made by hand in various forms for swimming pools, steadfastness, image cadres and chandeliers, in addition to grafting copper on wood, calling for providing the necessary support to maintain this profession.
The craftsman Ayman Saeed presented the results of the drawing on wood, which is called Ajami art, and stated that he learned to make this art and plant motifs and painting in Arabic calligraphy in the association, and became a trainer contributing to the revival of heritage, and that the exhibition is an important opportunity to market his products.
Artist Tala Naravyan participated in watercolor, oil and other paintings painted with pencils and charcoal, talking about the Armenian and Arab heritage and the neighborhoods of Aleppo and its citadel, pointing out that she participates to introduce people to the components of the rich Syrian heritage through painting because it constitutes the language of the world.
Samira Misto, who works in the craft of making the ancient traditional macrame, using colored threads and ropes to decorate the Koran, mirrors, clothes and jewelry, pointed out that she is working to develop this profession by adding beads and tree trunks to revive and preserve it.
Qusay Razzouk
Follow SANA news on Telegram https: / / t.me / SyrianArabNewsAgency
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Aleppo Public Park

UNESCO included traditional glassblowing on the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity that needs urgent preservation in December 2023, highlighting the need to safeguard this important part of Syria's cultural heritage.

The reason for UNESCO to list traditional glassblowing as Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding is not explicitly stated in the available documents, but it can be inferred that it is due to the craft's cultural significance and the need to preserve it for future generations.

The cultural significance of traditional glassblowing in Damascus is closely tied to the city's history and cultural heritage, and it is considered an important part of Syria's intangible cultural heritage.

The Levantine rose and its associated practices and traditional crafts, including glassblowing, are important Syrian heritage elements inherited from generation to generation.

The Syrian intangible cultural heritage, including traditional glassblowing, is considered important for preserving national identity and facing the challenges of globalization.

Despite efforts to preserve and promote traditional glassblowing, the current status of the craft in Syria is precarious, with many craftsmen facing financial difficulties and struggling to continue their work due to the economic crisis and lack of support.

Title:

Content: What is the reality of traditional and traditional professions in Syria?
DAMASCUS – The traditional professions and crafts in Syria were not immune to the repercussions of the war. In light of the difficult economic and security conditions that the country has been witnessing for more than a decade, these professions are suffering from an unprecedented decline related to production and market conditions, which makes them today threatened with extinction.
The head of the Union of Craftsmen in the province of Latakia Jihad Pro, in a recent statement to the local newspaper Al-Watan, the decline of the production of handicrafts and handicrafts of various kinds by 50% within the province, considering the high costs of production inputs and increased income taxes as direct reasons for this decline.
Bassam Qalaji, head of the artisanal association for confectionery in Damascus, told the local newspaper Global last month that more than half of the confectionery craftsmen had stopped producing and switched to other professions due to low demand and insufficient profits.
Successive statements reveal the reality of Syrian traditional and traditional crafts, which are suffering under the weight of the economic decline that the country is suffering from.
This situation has prompted thousands of craftsmen to close their workshops and shops and switch to other jobs, or migrate and move their work abroad, amid the real threat of the disappearance of many traditional traditional traditional professions and handicrafts, which constitute vital sectors of the economic sector in the country and an integral part of its cultural identity.
What are the main reasons for this decline?
How does it affect the economic life of the country?
Lack of support and unequal competition
Anton, a 42-year-old Damascene craftsman and former owner of a mosaic workshop in rural Damascus, says his struggle for years to keep his workshop open, producing and selling enough to pay its workers has been futile.
He adds in an interview with Al Jazeera Net: "I tried hard to maintain the workshop and its workers for as long as possible, but the constant high prices of wood (local and imported) in an inappropriate manner, the long interruption of electricity (16-18 hours a day), and the low demand for mosaic in the domestic and foreign market, all factors forced me to lay off workers, and later to close the workshop after months, during which I received only two orders."
In addition to these factors, Anton attributed the low demand for "original" mosaics and other handicrafts and heritage artifacts (copperware, damask, antika, textiles) to:
The reality of the market at the moment in the absence of tourists.
• The decline of external demand for the commodity as a result of the interruption of trade relations with foreign markets.
• Migration of brokers and traders and thus reduced export.
• Unequal competition.
With heritage products becoming “more than luxury ” for Syrians suffering from poor purchasing power (average monthly salaries of about $20), and the lack of support for craftsmen and awareness of the importance and authenticity of these products by trade unions and government agencies, Syria ’ s craftsmen face major challenges to continue their craft.
Although there are no accurate figures on the number of craftsmen who have been driven by working conditions to emigrate outside the country, the head of the Damascus Craftsmen ’ s Union, Ali Qarmashti, revealed in an interview with the local news website Click News last year that the percentage of Damascene craftsmen migrating has become very high, especially among young people.
Repellent economic and social policies
In addition to the direct economic factors that led to the decline of traditional crafts during the past few years, represented by the high prices of raw materials, the poor reality of services, and the decline of the sale and purchase movement, there were indirect factors that affected these crafts.
Syrian economist Younis Karim believes that the artisan crisis began in 2008 after being subjected to great pressures due to the change of the general economic orientation in the country.
He said in an interview with Al Jazeera Net: "Since 2008, the authorities have put their hands on the spread of these industries due to the importance of their geographical location, and work to change their features in favor of wealthy investors, or provide them as donations to countries that Damascus seeks to establish bilateral relations with."
According to the expert, the reality of the work of traditional crafts after 2011 became more complex and difficult with "the continued adoption of economic and social policies by the regime that restrict the owners of these crafts, exclude them from support, take their places of deployment, in addition to the cessation of exhibitions and the difficulty of participating in external events because of the political positions of the regime.
Karim explains that the family and social disintegration suffered by Syrians as a result of large-scale migration during the last decade was an added reason for the decline of these crafts, which “relied on inheritance between generations of the same family as a tradition followed by Syrian craftsmen long ago. ”
Kilo to Piece and Pieces
It seems that some traditional crafts and crafts are in the same trench with traditional crafts in their war against extinction, where the owners of many traditional crafts are no less original than those of heritage, especially the confectioners from the high costs of raw materials in production, high costs of energy stands, and successive losses due to the reluctance of citizens to buy expensive Arabic sweets.
Suhaib, 55, owner of a sweets shop in the Jazmatiya area of Damascus, told Al Jazeera Net: "Days pass without selling a total of a kilo of various items, and two years ago the stagnation of goods in the shop became a familiar phenomenon to us, and had it not been for the holiday seasons, and some occasions and weddings held here and there, we would have closed long ago."
Al-Halwani Al-Damascene adds in an interview with Al-Jazeera Net: "Our profits, and the profits of most of the shops of Halwanis in Damascus, have decreased by a large percentage since the beginning of the economic crisis in the country."
Al-Halwani pointed out that the price of a kilo of some varieties of Arabic sweets has exceeded 400 thousand pounds recently, adding: "Which is not able for Syrians to buy, so we have become selling methods in which we rely on small quantities, so we sell baklava, crystal, shaped, asian, brominated and other items in ounces, grain (piece) and two grains to keep the sales movement, and do not stop customers from our shop."
As for the reasons why sweets in Damascus stopped working and many of them emigrated outside the country, Al-Halwani said: “Many reasons start from the large annual taxes that are inconsistent with high operating costs and low profits, in addition to the high prices of commercial electricity and fuel needed to operate shops and laboratories, the huge increase in the prices of raw materials, the high wages of workers, and the reluctance of customers to buy these sweets except on occasions. ”
High prices
Prices of food, nuts and other components of Arabic sweets have risen by varying rates recently, as the price of a kilo of animal margarine reached 150 thousand pounds ($equivalent to about 2511 pounds), while the price of a kilo of pistachio love rose to 300 thousand, and the price of a kilo of walnuts to 120 thousand.
The prices of popular sweets such as Al-Barazek and Al-Ma ’ amoul in Damascus markets, by the holy month of Ramadan, were between 100 and 130 thousand pounds per kilo, while the prices of medium and luxury sweets such as “Al-Belouria ”,“ Al-Mashkeel ”, “Kool and Shakour ”,“ Aish Al-Bulbul ” and “Baklava ” ranged between 250 and 500 thousand per kilo, which is equivalent to the salary of a Syrian employee in the public sector.
The head of the artisanal association for confectionery industry, Bassam Qalaji, attributed this rise in confectionery prices to the government lifting subsidies on oil derivatives, which led to a direct increase in costs by 150%, pointing out that raising the price of electricity by 5 times will lead to an increase in the price of about 650 products.
Qalaji said in a statement to the local newspaper Al-Watan last month that the largest number of confectionery craftsmen emigrated, and their first destination was Algeria followed by Germany.
In March last year, the head of the artisanal association for the confectionery industry revealed that 70% of the workshops of the confectionery industry were closed due to the economic crisis and the low demand for sweets and refreshments.
A severe blow to the economy
This gradual disappearance of traditional crafts is a painful blow to the Syrian economy, says economist Younis Karim, “For decades these crafts have been the largest incubator of Syrian labor, and their contribution to the economy before 2011 ranged from 40 to 50%. ”
This is what Matanios Habib, a researcher and former Syrian oil minister, said in a research paper entitled “The private sector in Syria ” (2005), when he pointed out that the private industrial sector in Syria tended to invest in crafts for fear of nationalization policies, whether during the era of Syrian-Egyptian unity (1958-1961) or after the revolution of March 8 (1967).
Karim stresses that the crisis of workers in traditional crafts, such as confectioners and others, dates back to before 2011, specifically to the period between 2007 and 2009, when there was “an attempt by the regime to pressure the owners of traditional crafts and crafts by forcing them to pay taxes, and to keep them away from city centers in favor of large investors. ”
Younis Karim believes that the gradual demise of these crafts will have negative effects on the Syrian economy because of their role in "providing job opportunities beyond those provided by large laboratories and their excellence in ease of operation and achievement, and the ability to spread.
Source: The Island

The exact number of craftsmen currently practicing traditional glassblowing in Syria is not specified in the available documents.

Title:

Content: The news tape.
The aroma of roses reeks in the Arab Cultural Center in Abu Rummaneh
Damascus-Sana
The Directorate of Culture of Damascus, in cooperation with Dummar Central Incubator for Craft Arts, organized today a seminar entitled “Extraction of essential and plant oils and perfume design ” at the Arab Cultural Center in Abu Rummaneh.
The seminar was presented by the trainer Mohammed Mazen Zakour and included an exhibition of various traditional handicraft products within the plan of the Ministry of Culture to support and encourage craftsmen.
The head of the General Union of Craftsmen, Naji al-Hadwa, said in a statement that traditional crafts are a treasure we possess and reflect the quality of the Syrian worker's professionalism through what he produces and the duty of the General Union of Craftsmen to preserve and develop it, including the establishment of such kind of exhibitions and seminars, which may be framed within the productive institutions owned by the General Union or in partnership with other ministries such as the Ministry of Culture.
Al-Hadwa stressed that the General Union is following up within its plan to qualify and train cadres on an ongoing basis to maintain these crafts as well as create promotional and marketing opportunities for them through the establishment of such events.
Amani Frog
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Damascus-SANA With their vision, they mastered the arts of playing, singing, reciting poetry, acting and with their delicate emotions.

However, some artisans, such as Yassin Arab and Hussein Najjar, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the traditional craft of glassblowing.

The Syrian Secretariat for Development has contributed to the refinement of its work with Syrian communities to preserve and revive cultural heritage, including traditional glassblowing.

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Content: Successfully registered!
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after their efforts to preserve heritage and identity.
Syrian Trust for Development is a UNESCO accredited organization for another four years
© AP Photo / Jacques BrinonUNESCO
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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has renewed the accreditation of the Syrian Secretariat for Development as a non-governmental organization to play a consultative role for the next four years, for its efforts in preserving heritage and identity and developing and supporting communities bearing it.
In a statement posted on its Facebook page, the secretariat stressed that this role was "over many years of honest work, real experience and wide awareness of responsibility towards society, its culture and history."
The Secretariat also pointed out that its presence as an accredited consultative body in UNESCO, which contributed to the refinement of its work with Syrian communities to preserve and revive cultural heritage and supervise the preparation of nomination files for intangible cultural heritage elements to be registered on the lists of human heritage in the Organization.
Syrian Trust for Development Wins the Status of International Arbitrator in UNESCO
The Secretariat ’ s accumulated experience in the cultural field contributed to its candidacy for the Arab States Group in the UNESCO Evaluation Body, which consists of six non-governmental organizations and six experts in the field of intangible heritage, to evaluate the files nominated by Member States.
It is noteworthy that the Syrian Secretariat for Development plays its role as an accredited expert in the field of preservation and promotion of intangible cultural heritage, in addition to working on the revival and rehabilitation of archaeological sites and tangible archaeological heritage, where the Secretariat explained in its statement that it plays its role directly in seven governorates: Damascus, Rif Dimashq, Aleppo, Homs, Hama, Tartus, Sweida, and Latakia.: In Hasakah, Daraa, Raqqa, Deir ez-Zor and Idlib.
The Aleppo Cats...
A timeless musical tale and the memory of an ancient city
It is noteworthy that the Syrian Trust for Development, a Syrian non-governmental organization, was first accredited to UNESCO in 2012, and renewed in 2017, and recently in 2021, where it preceded its role in registering the Aleppo cod on the Representative List of Human Heritage at UNESCO.
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The Directorate of Intangible Cultural Heritage was active in most governorates, focusing on monitoring, studying, and documenting national intangible heritage, including glassblowing, in 2022.

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Content: A year of hard work to document and preserve the Syrian tangible and intangible heritage locally and internationally
Damascus-Sana
The Syrian heritage, both tangible and intangible, forms an important pillar within the World Heritage system, and is a key factor in strengthening the cultural identity of the Syrian people, building the present and protecting the future.
During 2022, the Ministry of Culture and its concerned institutions, in particular the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums and the Directorate of Intangible Cultural Heritage, focused on organizing a series of events and seminars and signing a series of agreements related to the importance and mechanisms of preserving this heritage in its various components.
Among the most important Syrian activities and works related to tangible and intangible heritage during 2022 are:
During the year, Syria held several discussions on the loan of Syrian artifacts damaged during the terrorist war on Syria for restoration and display in the Sultanate of Oman, and signed a joint statement on cooperation to preserve cultural heritage with the People ’ s Republic of China.
Syria participated in the International Forum of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Russian city of Kazan, and the Scientific Conference on Archaeology in the Hungarian capital, and participated in a virtual lecture within the international conference on the protection of the Syrian cultural heritage after the war.
– The archaeological missions returned to excavations in 2022, including the joint Syrian-Italian archaeological mission, which began its work for the first season at the archaeological site of Amrit, and the discovery of a funerary burial and some archaeological finds and discoveries dating back to the Roman era in Amrit by the joint excavation team between the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums and the Department of Tartus Antiquities.
– The national expertise of the Directorate General of Antiquities worked to expand the work to discover the entire rare archaeological mosaic painting in the city of Rastan, which dates back to the Roman era, and reached a length of 20 meters and a width of 6 meters.
– Completion of the restoration work of the Arc de Triomphe in the ancient city of Palmyra, which was destroyed by terrorist organizations in 2015, and the second phase of the restoration project began with the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Directorate of Antiquities, the Syrian Secretariat and the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Russian Federation.
– Holding a workshop “Restoring Syrian Heritage and Reviving Local Communities ” at Expo 2020 Dubai, in which local, Arab and international bodies specialized in antiquities participated.
– In the National Museum in Damascus and in tribute to the lives and sacrifices of about 27 martyrs who rose during the terrorist war on Syria in defense of the Syrian cultural heritage, an exhibition of recovered archaeological treasures 3 entitled (Salute to the martyrs of the General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums) was opened within the days of Syrian culture.
– The opening of a painting exhibition entitled “Restoration of Syrian Heritage by Theo Vitit ’ s Vision ” at the National Museum in Damascus, which is a painting of restoration and excavation works in Syrian archaeological sites, painted by the Dutch artist and archaeologist Theo Vitit in 2018 and 2021, and was presented in the Netherlands to introduce the Western community to what happened to the Syrian cultural heritage.
In Damascus Castle, the first national screening of the film Siriacus Section, directed by Olivier Bourgeois, was launched in 2022 in cooperation between the Ministry of Culture, the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums, and the Syrian Trust for Development. The film, which won more than 17 international awards, talks about the solidarity of a small group of archaeologists and museum curators with the escalation of the terrorist war on Aleppo in 2015. The National Museum of Aleppo.
The Directorate of Antiquities, in cooperation with the European Center for Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments and the Department of Antiquities at the University of Damascus, organized a digital exhibition on historical mosaics in Syria, entitled “Syria is still the source of arts ”.
– The beginning of the year witnessed the return of five Syrian destructive artifacts to the National Museum in Damascus at the initiative of the management of the Naboo Museum in Beirut, and the pieces are various funerary destructive statues from the collections of the Naboo Museum previously purchased from European auction houses.
The second leg of the Syrian Antiquities Exhibition, entitled “The Wonderful Syria ”, was opened in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, southwest China, which lasted until May. During this period, special scientific seminars and cultural events were held in connection with the exhibition, in which the Department of Antiquities and Museums participated with 195 important artifacts and collections of Syrian museums.
In 2022, the Directorate of Intangible Cultural Heritage has been active in most governorates, focusing on monitoring, studying and documenting the national intangible heritage and preparing the necessary plans to search for, study and inventory the elements of this heritage and include them in the national register, in cooperation with governmental and non-governmental institutions, local communities and international organizations.
The Directorate of Heritage organized a workshop on Syrian intangible cultural heritage at Al-Assad National Library, in preparation for the development of a national strategy for intangible cultural heritage in Syria.
– The project (Windows 5) was organized, whose musical evenings varied between documentation and promotion of Syrian heritage songs, and many heritage festivals were held in the provinces.
– The project of documenting the elements of the Syrian intangible heritage in ancient Homs, implemented by the Ministry of Culture in cooperation with the Syrian Secretariat and civil society, was launched in 2022 to preserve the elements of this heritage, and work continued on the project of documenting the elements of the intangible heritage in Tartus province.
Within the framework of the implementation of the plan to preserve the element of the theater of shadow imagination Karkouz and Aiwaz after registration on the list of urgent conservation of the world humanitarian heritage at UNESCO, the Syrian Secretariat for Development continued the third professional training after Damascus and Suwayda, for youth cadres in the city of Aleppo.
The Syrian Secretariat for Development has developed the “Living Heritage ” program with the local community in Aleppo governorate, the main axes for the preservation of the Aleppo cod, which was registered on the Representative List of Human Heritage at UNESCO by the end of 2021 with the participation of a group of governmental and civil authorities, artists, musicians, researchers and interested in the Arab, musical and art of cod.
At the international level:
Syria has been elected vice-president of the ninth session of the General Assembly of the States Parties to the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity for a two-year term 2022-2024.
Syria participated in the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development, Mondiacult 2022, in Mexico.
– In 2022, a scientific research by the son of the city of Aleppo, Antoine Makdis, related to how to recover from the effects of war through independent cultural production based on intangible cultural heritage won the first place in the competition of the Foundation of Santgrata, specialized in the Italian cultural economy.
– An integrated archaeological project in the Baal Shemin Temple in Palmyra has been shortlisted for the third cycle of ICCROM Sharjah Award for the Conservation and Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Arab Region 2020-2022.
Rasha Mahfoudh and Mays Al-Ani
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The registration of the Aleppo cod on the UNESCO list is seen as a way to protect and preserve the depth and originality of the Syrian artistic identity.

The Syrian government and institutions are working to preserve the country's intangible heritage in general, but no specific conservation efforts for Syrian traditional glassblowing are mentioned in the documents.

The decline of traditional crafts in Syria is attributed to difficult economic and security conditions, high costs of production inputs, and increased income taxes.

The traditional professions and crafts in Syria have declined by 50% due to these challenging conditions.

The average monthly salary in Syria is around $20, making heritage products a luxury for most Syrians.

There is a lack of awareness about the importance and authenticity of traditional crafts among trade unions and government agencies.

Many young craftsmen have migrated outside the country due to poor working conditions.

Economic and social policies, such as the change in general economic orientation in 2008, have restricted the owners of traditional crafts and excluded them from support.

The cessation of exhibitions and the difficulty of participating in external events have further affected traditional crafts.

Family and social disintegration due to large-scale migration have also contributed to the decline of traditional crafts.

The price of raw materials, such as wood and pistachios, has increased significantly, affecting the production of traditional crafts.

The price of a kilo of Arabic sweets has exceeded 400,000 pounds, making it unaffordable for many Syrians.

Many sweets shops in Damascus have closed or reduced their production due to high operating costs and low profits.

The government's lifting of subsidies on oil derivatives has led to a 150% increase in costs for confectionery craftsmen.

The head of the artisanal association for the confectionery industry estimates that 70% of confectionery workshops have closed due to the economic crisis.

The disappearance of traditional crafts is a severe blow to the Syrian economy, which has relied heavily on these crafts for labor and contribution to the economy.

The crisis of workers in traditional crafts dates back to before 2011, when the regime attempted to pressure owners of traditional crafts to pay taxes and keep them away from city centers.

The gradual demise of traditional crafts will have negative effects on the Syrian economy, including the loss of job opportunities and the decline of private industrial sector investment.

UNESCO's goal is to celebrate and preserve traditions, practices, and skills from extinction, rather than the objects themselves.

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Content: UNESCO considers Arab and international nominations for inscription on the Intangible Heritage List
UNESCO is considering new nominations from several countries to inscribe intangible cultural arts on the World Heritage List at the 17th meeting of the UNESCO Committee, which opened Monday in Rabat.
The list includes 56 files, four of which require urgent measures to protect them from extinction, such as the porcelain art of the Cham nationality in Vietnam, according to the organization.
It also includes several nominations from Arab countries such as the Algerian Rai music, the Tunisian Harissa hot sauce, the Omani dagger and the heritage sites of the “Journey of the Holy Family ” in Egypt.
Iran and Syria have submitted a joint dossier on “the art of making and playing sticks. ”
The files that are accepted will be announced from Tuesday to Saturday, at UNESCO ’ s Twitter account.
To avoid creating any confusion, the organization emphasizes that the goal is primarily to celebrate and preserve traditions, practices and skills from extinction.
She explained, for example, that the fact that a baguette is an intangible world heritage does not mean that the baguette itself is the object of preservation, “but rather the traditional skills and culture surrounding its manufacture. ”
The same is true of Cuban rum, which will be celebrated for its manufacture and not for the drink itself.
The list includes cultural elements from around the world such as Azerbaijani / Turkish tea traditions and techniques of distilling selvowitz from peach alcohol in Serbia.
UNESCO Deputy Director-General for Culture Ernesto Otton told AFP that “this is a living heritage represented by the communities concerned with its preservation, as opposed to the material heritage, ” and can be found in more than one country.
The organization has already registered cultural arts of this kind, such as the famous couscous dish in the Maghreb, after the joint nomination of Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia in 2020.
Morocco ’ s ambassador to UNESCO, Samir Dahar, who is chairing the session, said in a press statement on Monday that “we would have hoped to present a joint file on the art of Algerian opinion, which is also present in Morocco, ” had it not been for the diplomatic break between the two countries.
“We hope from God that we will present common files when conditions improve one day, ” he said, stressing that the philosophy of the UN Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Heritage is“ to bring people and cultures closer together. ”
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The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage aims to preserve intangible cultural heritage and promote cultural diversity.

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Content: General Supervision
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Archaeological: Egypt has 15 world heritage properties after recording the "art of engraving on metals"
Minister of Culture Dr. Nevine El-Kilani announced the success of the ministry ’ s efforts in cooperation with 10 other Arab countries, namely Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, Iraq, Palestine, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Yemen and Mauritania, in registering “arts and skills related to engraving copper, silver and gold ” in the representative lists of the intangible cultural heritage of UNESCO, according to the meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee. The organization will take place on 5 December 2023 at its eighteenth session, which is currently being held in the Republic of Botswana.
In light of this, archaeologist Dr. Abdel Rahim Rayhan, member of the Supreme Council of Culture, the Committee of History and Antiquities, and head of the Campaign for the Defense of Egyptian Civilization, confirms that Egypt, after registering "arts and skills associated with engraving on metals", has 15 UNESCO World Heritage properties classified as follows:
Six cultural heritage properties, one natural heritage property, five intangible cultural heritage properties and three shared intangible cultural heritage properties.
The cultural heritage includes six properties registered as World Heritage in 1979, namely Memphis and its tomb Pyramids area from Giza to Dahshur, Thebes area and its tomb (Luxor), Nubian landmarks from Abu Simbel to Philae, Abu Mina area west of Alexandria, Islamic Cairo, and the property registered in 2002 is the city of St. Catherine
The natural heritage includes one site, the Whale Valley listed in 2005, the intangible cultural heritage includes five properties: the crescent biography listed in 2008, the game of wood listed in 2016, the ragoose listed in 2018, the Egyptian handweaving listed in 2020, and celebrations associated with the Holy Family 30 November 2022.
With regard to the common intangible cultural heritage, the Palm includes as a common intangible cultural heritage registered in 2019 with 14 countries: Egypt, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Yemen, Tunisia, Morocco, Mauritania, Sudan, and Arabic calligraphy registered in 2021 with 16 countries: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine. Lebanon, Yemen, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Sudan.
"The arts and skills associated with engraving on metals...
Copper, silver and gold "was listed on December 5, 2023 in cooperation with 10 Arab countries: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, Iraq, Palestine, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Yemen and Mauritania. Intangible practices, perceptions, forms of expression, knowledge, skills, and associated machines, pieces, artifacts, and cultural places that groups, groups, and sometimes individuals consider to be part of their heritage.
The Convention aims to preserve intangible cultural heritage in a manner not previously experienced by communities, governments or institutions, and constitutes an important development in international policies aimed at promoting cultural diversity, ensuring the sustainable development of heritage, promoting and raising awareness of its importance, supporting practitioners, monitoring threats to its sustainability, and promoting it locally and internationally.
Dr. Rehan noted that intangible heritage is an important pillar in the preservation of cultural diversity in the era of globalization, and therefore has become one of the priorities of UNESCO and concerned organizations as an area of   extinction, including but not limited to traditional festivals, customs and traditions, epics, lifestyles, traditional knowledge, skills and crafts, songs, dances, tales, folklore, social rituals, and others. Cultural practices and expressions of local communities.
Dr. Rehan points out that the Convention has allowed States parties to nominate elements of their intangible cultural heritage for inclusion in one of two main lists, the Representative List and the Urgent Safeguarding List. While the Representative List aims to highlight intangible cultural heritage and raise awareness of its importance, the Urgent Safeguarding List aims to promote conservation measures for items in danger of extinction. It allows the States concerned to benefit from international cooperation in the field of conservation and to confront the threats to which the listed elements are exposed, giving priority to requests from developing countries.
The Convention also sets out a third list of best practices for safeguarding, through which programmes, projects and activities aimed at safeguarding intangible cultural heritage are disseminated in States Parties.
In accordance with Article 13 of the agreement, Dr. Rehan calls for the establishment of a body under the Ministry of Culture for intangible heritage to develop a plan for the investment of intangible heritage already registered and prepare other files to register intangible heritage properties because Egypt has a unique diversity in the heritage arts that deserve registration such as Nubia and Sinai. Kalat associated with the environment and the Egyptian people such as rare types of bread such as the solar life in Upper Egypt and the Mahrah in the Delta and unleavened bread in the Delta has been famous Menoufia and is known since the era of ancient Egypt and was composed of several layers on top of each other, and the name (Mecht – Mist) appeared in the modern state, and found on some inscriptions found in the tomb (Richmeera) Menhotep II then changed the name from Meshet after the integration of Malthut to Meshlet, and in the era of the Fatimid state and Mamluk state appeared some names for types of unleavened bread, including what is known as Hilali, which inspired France after that the idea of   the work (croissant) and (pate).
Egypt is also characterized by certain foods such as koshra, tameya and special foods in Ramadan such as Kunafa, Um Ali, Alqtayef and special drinks are keen on foreign visitors with Egyptians and all Arabs in the Ramadan tent, namely Arg Sous, dates and carob.

The Syrian Ministry of Culture views the inscription of traditional glassblowing on the UNESCO list as an additional step to protect and preserve the national identity.

The Syrian government and institutions organized events and exhibitions to showcase Syrian cultural heritage.

Syria collaborated with international organizations and countries to preserve and promote its cultural heritage.

The elements of Syrian intangible cultural heritage include traditions, expressions, arts, social practices, knowledge, and skills related to traditional crafts, including glassblowing.

Intangible heritage contributes to the preservation of identity and personality.

Globalization is trying to eliminate Syrian heritage and culture.

The Syrian Secretariat for Development implemented projects to preserve intangible heritage elements.

Efforts are being made to support and preserve traditional Syrian crafts, including the Levantine rose and glassblowing, through projects and initiatives launched by Syrian institutions and bodies.

However, more needs to be done to preserve and promote traditional glassblowing in Syria, including providing support to artisans and promoting the craft to a wider audience.