Tanbreez Mining, a Canadian company, has received a mining license to mine rare earths in Greenland, with production expected to begin next year.

The Greenland government confirmed the issuance of a mining license for Tanbreez Mining, which claims the Tanbreez mine contains over half of the world’s rare earth resources.

The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland identified potential for coal, copper, gold, rare earth elements, and zinc in Greenland.

Greenland’s government seeks to diversify its economy through mineral extraction, recognizing the country’s ability to do so.

Tanbreez Mining plans to build a factory in the United States to process rare earths, which could impact the costs and economic feasibility.

The export of Greenland sand is not economically feasible currently, highlighting the challenges of transporting heavy materials like sand.

The environmental impact of mining rare earths is a concern, as the process often involves acidic substances.

Greenland’s government has a strategic goal to attract local and foreign investment in mining projects to bolster its economy.

The economic feasibility of Greenland's rare earth mining operations could be influenced by factors like transportation costs, processing requirements, and global competition.

The Greenland government has issued a mining license to Tanbreez Mining, enabling potential production next year.

Greenland's rare earth resources are estimated at over half of the world's total, valued at significant economic importance.

Dredging operations in Greenland may introduce invasive species via ballast water from international ships.

Expanding sand extraction for export could endanger coastal ecosystems with large-scale dredging.

Environmental consequences of rare earth mining include pollution, habitat disruption, and potential invasive species introduction.

Regulations and environmental impact assessments are crucial to mitigate these effects, as noted by Greenland's Mineral Licence and Safety Authority.

The Greenland government emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluations and monitoring to address environmental concerns.

The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation has also shown interest in supporting Greenland's mineral exploration efforts, providing grants and funding for projects that aim to improve the country's infrastructure and transportation systems.

The Copernicus Satellite Programme, which offers Earth observation data, has been used to support mineral exploration in Greenland, providing valuable insights into the geological composition and potential deposit locations.

Greenland's mining sector is also expected to benefit from the implementation of high environmental, social, and governance standards, which are being promoted by the European Union and other international organizations.

These standards aim to ensure that the extraction of rare earth minerals in Greenland is conducted in a sustainable and responsible manner, minimizing the environmental impact of mining activities.

In conclusion, Greenland's rare earth minerals present a significant economic opportunity, but the development of large-scale mining operations will require substantial investments in infrastructure and transportation systems to overcome the challenges posed by the country's remote location and harsh climate.

With the support of international partners and the implementation of environmentally responsible practices, Greenland has the potential to become a major player in the global mineral market.

Tanbreez Mining, a Canadian company, has received a mining license to mine rare earths in Greenland, with production expected to begin next year.

Title:

Content: A Canadian company has been granted a license to mine rare metals in Greenland.
© AP Photo / David Goldman Greenland ice melt August 3, 2017
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Toronto ’ s New Performance Materials, one of the few rare earth metal processors outside China, has obtained an exploration license in Greenland from Hudson Resources in Vancouver (Canada).
Washington - Sputnik.
“Through a special-purpose entity, NEO plans to explore and develop the Surfertog project to further diversify its global sources of rare earth ore and expand the supply chains that feed the company ’ s rare earth ore separation facility in Estonia, ” it said in a statement.
NEO CEO Constantine Karianopoulos told the New York Times that his goal was to reduce the company ’ s exposure to volatile global crude prices.
NEO buys semi-processed raw materials from Russia, the United States and Australia.
"Collects Rare Minerals"...
China enters the world of "space mining" with the launch of the first robot...
A picture.
The Surftog Carbonatite complex contains mineral deposits rich in neodymium and praseodymium, which are essential components of the rare earth permanent magnet used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, high-efficiency electric motors and pumps that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
NEO also plans to build a new permanent magnet manufacturing plant in Estonia to supply European manufacturers of electric and hybrid vehicles, wind turbines, and energy-efficient electric motors and pumps, the statement said.
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What company has obtained permission to extract Greenland's rare earths?

The Greenland government confirmed the issuance of a mining license for Tanbreez Mining, which claims the Tanbreez mine contains over half of the world’s rare earth resources.

What company has obtained permission to extract Greenland's rare earths?

What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland identified potential for coal, copper, gold, rare earth elements, and zinc in Greenland.

Title:

Content: Advertisement
Economics.
A race between financiers around the world to search for this substance in Greenland.
Interesting details!
10-08-2022 | 00: 49
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CNN reports that some of the world ’ s wealthiest people are funding large treasure hunts using helicopters and signal transmitters on Greenland ’ s west coast.
The climate crisis is causing Greenland ’ s ice to melt at unprecedented rates, ironically creating an opportunity for investors and mining companies looking for a treasure trove of important minerals capable of powering clean energy transitions.
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Search for minerals in Greenland
Many billionaires, including Jeff Bezos, Michael Bloomberg and Bill Gates, are betting that what lies beneath the surface of the hills and valleys of Disco Island and Greenland ’ s Noswak Peninsula are important enough minerals to power millions of electric vehicles.
Speaking to CNN, Kobold Metals CEO Kurt House said: “We are looking for a deposition that will be the largest or second largest nickel and cobalt deposition in the world. ”
The disappearance of Arctic ice – both on land and in the ocean – highlights a unique dichotomy: Greenland is the zero point for the effects of climate change, but it could also be the zero point for the search for the minerals needed to provide solutions to this crisis.
For their part, representatives of Kobold Metals, a California-based mineral exploration company, said the billionaires ’ club is supporting the company financially.
Bezos, Gates and Bloomberg did not respond to requests from CNN for comment on the news, and Kobold Metals is partnering with Bluejay Mining to find precious and rare metals in Greenland, which are essential for building the electric vehicles and huge batteries needed to store renewable energy.
The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland said Greenland could be a hot spot for coal, copper, gold, rare earth elements and zinc.
The Greenland government has conducted several assessments on ice-free land and is aware of the country ’ s “ability to diversify the national economy through mineral extraction, ” the agency said.
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Greenland’s government seeks to diversify its economy through mineral extraction, recognizing the country’s ability to do so.

Tanbreez Mining plans to build a factory in the United States to process rare earths, which could impact the costs and economic feasibility.

The export of Greenland sand is not economically feasible currently, highlighting the challenges of transporting heavy materials like sand.

The environmental impact of mining rare earths is a concern, as the process often involves acidic substances.

Greenland’s government has a strategic goal to attract local and foreign investment in mining projects to bolster its economy.

Title:

Content: Greenland to mine rare earths in 2024 | Economic Horizontal | DW | 30.07.2023
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Greenland to mine rare earths in 2024
According to the German "Economic Weekly" reported that a mining company has obtained permission from the Greenland government to mine rare earths on the island.
The company said production could begin next year.
Tanbreez Mining, a mining company, plans to mine rare earths in Greenland next year, according to the Economic Weekly.
“We can start production next year, ” said Greg Barnes, a geologist and owner of the company. Greenland ’ s deputy minister for minerals confirmed to the journal that a mining licence had been issued.
Barnes said the Tanbreez mine "contains more than half of the world's rare earth resources" and has 19 million tons of rare earth oxides.
Of these, 30% are highly favored heavy rare earth elements.
Rare earth contains a total of 17 kinds of metal elements, the properties of each metal are different.
Each metal has a unique industrial value.
Some of them are irreplaceable.
They are used, for example, in the manufacture of electric vehicles or wind turbines.
Last year, about two-thirds of Germany ’ s rare earths came from China. Mining such as rare earths is difficult and often harmful to the environment, as rare earths are often associated with iron ore, and the chemical process of refining often requires the use of acidic substances.
What is Rare Earth?
Barnes, owner of Tanbreez Mining, told Economic Weekly that to start mining for rare earths in Greenland, a factory would be needed to separate rare earths from heterosexual rocks.
Currently there are only such factories in Russia and China.
But one such plant will be built in the United States in the coming months.
There are also plans to build a factory in Europe.
Thanks to technological advances, the equipment that separates rare earths currently costs only $40 million.
According to Barnes, China paid 1.7 billion U.S. dollars for the equipment 13 years ago.
In January, Swedish state-owned mining company LKAB announced the discovery of Europe ’ s largest rare earth deposit to date.
But the company said it would take 10-15 years for the rare earth mine, located in Kiruna in northern Sweden, to be available to the market.
EU Plans to Diversify Rare Earth Supply Chain
(Agence France-Presse, Economic Weekly)
© 2023 Deutsche Welle Copyright Notice: All content in this article is protected by copyright law and may not be used without special permission from Deutsche Welle.
Any misconduct will lead to recovery and criminal prosecution.
DW.COM

The economic feasibility of Greenland's rare earth mining operations could be influenced by factors like transportation costs, processing requirements, and global competition.

The Greenland government has issued a mining license to Tanbreez Mining, enabling potential production next year.

What company has obtained permission to extract Greenland's rare earths?

Greenland's rare earth resources are estimated at over half of the world's total, valued at significant economic importance.

What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

Dredging operations in Greenland may introduce invasive species via ballast water from international ships.

Expanding sand extraction for export could endanger coastal ecosystems with large-scale dredging.

Environmental consequences of rare earth mining include pollution, habitat disruption, and potential invasive species introduction.

Regulations and environmental impact assessments are crucial to mitigate these effects, as noted by Greenland's Mineral Licence and Safety Authority.

Why AEX consider Greenland a favorable mining location?

The Greenland government emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluations and monitoring to address environmental concerns.

The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation has also shown interest in supporting Greenland's mineral exploration efforts, providing grants and funding for projects that aim to improve the country's infrastructure and transportation systems.

The Copernicus Satellite Programme, which offers Earth observation data, has been used to support mineral exploration in Greenland, providing valuable insights into the geological composition and potential deposit locations.

Greenland's mining sector is also expected to benefit from the implementation of high environmental, social, and governance standards, which are being promoted by the European Union and other international organizations.

These standards aim to ensure that the extraction of rare earth minerals in Greenland is conducted in a sustainable and responsible manner, minimizing the environmental impact of mining activities.

In conclusion, Greenland's rare earth minerals present a significant economic opportunity, but the development of large-scale mining operations will require substantial investments in infrastructure and transportation systems to overcome the challenges posed by the country's remote location and harsh climate.

With the support of international partners and the implementation of environmentally responsible practices, Greenland has the potential to become a major player in the global mineral market.


<think>

</think>

India-Russia cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region predates the US's concept, rooted in historical trust.

Russia views the Indo-Pacific as American, opposing its adoption, but previously embraced the Asia-Pacific, signaling a geopolitical shift.

India's Indo-Pacific engagement, framed as "free, open, and inclusive," contrasts with the US's approach, aiming to position Russia as a key player.

India links Russia to initiatives like the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route and Far East investments to counter Chinese dominance and promote a multipolar region.

The US sees India as a China counterbalance, while China-Russia cooperation challenges US interests, shaping India's and Russia's strategic calculations.

China's Arctic ambitions via the Polar Silk Road and Russia's interest in Arctic routes highlight global power dynamics in the Indo-Pacific.

Russia's naval exercises with Myanmar and port visits to Bangladesh signal growing Indian Ocean presence, shifting focus from Europe to the Indo-Pacific.

India's rivalry with China drives collaboration with Russia to counter Chinese assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific and Eurasia.

India and Russia view the Indo-Pacific as multipolar, with Russia seeking to shape the emerging order despite US disagreements.

India's Indian Ocean focus contrasts with the US's Pacific emphasis, reflecting divergent geopolitical priorities.

Russia's Indo-Pacific role is shaped by economic and geopolitical interests, including Far East investments and Chennai-Vladivostok collaborations.

India's growing Pacific naval capabilities are supported by Russia to counter China and strengthen India's regional role.

<think>

<think>

<think>

</think>

</think>

</think>

India-Russia cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region predates the US's concept, rooted in historical trust.

Title:

Content: Reviving Russia ’ s Role in the Indo-Pacific
Raj Kumar Sharma
Fifty years ago, India and the former Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation on 9 August 1971.
In addition to changing the characteristics of South Asian and world politics, the treaty can also be seen as a harbinger of this idea.
From the Indo-Pacific region between India and Russia.
Despite disagreements over this concept these days, it is easy to forget that India-Russia cooperation in the Indo-Pacific and Eurasia preceded India ’ s engagement with most other major powers.
1971 is known for another reason: China decided to abandon its ideological mentor, the Soviet Union, and allied itself with the United States to balance the Soviet Union.
Thus, India faced security threats from Pakistan ’ s allies – the United States and China – during the Indo-Pakistani War in 1971.
However, when the Indo-Pakistani War broke out in December 1971 and US naval forces attempted to threaten India ’ s security, the Soviet Union sent a nuclear-armed fleet from the Pacific Fleet stationed in Vladivostok to support India – this could be considered the beginning of the Indo-Pacific concept between India and Russia.
To silence China, the Soviet Union moved 40 military divisions to the Xinjiang border with China and 7 divisions to the Manchuria border.
These events 50 years ago showed that cooperation between India and Russia (the two Eurasian and Pacific powers) was an important component of the Indo-Pacific region long before the US supported the idea of the Indo-Pacific region.
However, geopolitics has now changed as the US now sees India as a partner in its fight against China.
On the other hand, Beijing has partnered with Moscow to challenge Washington.
Russia has expressed some doubts about the Indo-Pacific region.
First, the Indo-Pacific region is perceived by Russia as American, so Moscow completely rejects it.
However, the Asia-Pacific region that preceded the Indo-Pacific region was also an American construction that Russia adopted.
At the governmental level, Russia continues to oppose the Indo-Pacific region, but academia, think tanks, and even the media are starting to get involved in the idea, debates, discussions, seminars, and conferences on the subject.
From time to time, India assured Russia that New Delhi ’ s rapprochement with Washington would not come at Moscow ’ s expense.
In contrast to the United States ’ understanding of the concept of “free and open ” in the Indo-Pacific region, India has always indicated that it is interested in“ free, open and inclusive ” in the Indo-Pacific region, an understanding that reflects India ’ s desire for Russia.
be an active player in the region.
In fact, India has tried to link Russia with its Indo-Pacific initiatives so that the latter would look like an independent pole outside of China ’ s shadow, which has given the nature of the Indo-Pacific region a multipolarity.
These initiatives include the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route and efforts by India and Japan to invest in Russia ’ s Far East.
These initiatives are part of India ’ s policy in the Far East to reach the Asian part of Russia.
It is important to emphasize here that people-to-people contacts have been a key area of success in India ’ s relationship with the United States.
However, in relations between India and Russia, the situation is different.
As Russia has concerns about Chinese immigration to the Far East, state-facilitated immigration of Indian labor to Russia could bring political and economic benefits to both sides.
The Russian economy is recovering, but the epidemic is not over - Putin - Business and economy
From India ’ s perspective, the Indo-Pacific region is similar to the Great Russian-Eurasian Partnership aimed at avoiding Chinese domination of Eurasia.
This policy contains elements of cooperation as well as competition with China.
Faced with China ’ s advancement through the Silk Road Economic Belt in Russia ’ s sphere of influence in Eurasia, Russia has agreed to align its own initiative, the Eurasian Economic Union, with China ’ s Belt and Road Initiative, though there are more contradictions than similarities in these efforts.
Similarly, the Indo-Pacific region is India ’ s attempt to protect its neighbors from China ’ s assertive behavior.
Russia has the opportunity to cooperate with India in shaping the emerging order in the Indo-Pacific region, which can be done with historical trust between the two sides.
India pays more attention to the Indian Ocean, while the United States and its allies favor the Pacific, highlighting another difference in the Indo-American conceptual understanding of the Indo-Pacific.
India is not yet a major military power in the Pacific, but helping its naval forces achieve this goal will also help Russia meet China ’ s challenge to its dominance in the Arctic.
China defines itself as “close to the Arctic country, ” although it does not have a coastline in the Arctic.
Within the framework of the Polar Silk Road, China ’ s activity in the Arctic will increase in the coming years.
Even Chinese strategists have argued that whoever controls the Arctic sea route will control the global economy, and China should play an active role in this area.
Consequently, the Indo-Pacific region is an idea that can add value to Russian diplomacy in various regions, including the Asia-Pacific region and the Arctic.
After all, the Russian worldview is manifested in the symbol of the coat of arms, where the two-headed eagle looks simultaneously at the West and East.
Traditionally, Russian elites considered their country European, but it also has an Asia-Pacific character.
These elites, based in Moscow, which has been the traditional center of power in Russia, can compete with others who want Russia to be more active in the Pacific through its base in Vladivostok.
The Indo-Pacific region is not just the United States, and Russia ’ s worldview is likely to be incomplete without considering the Indo-Pacific region, where there is a potential risk of making it dependent on China.
Russia proposes new US administration not to publish INF Treaty - Business and economy
The author is a researcher at the Bharat Al Kindi Center.

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Russia views the Indo-Pacific as American, opposing its adoption, but previously embraced the Asia-Pacific, signaling a geopolitical shift.

India's Indo-Pacific engagement, framed as "free, open, and inclusive," contrasts with the US's approach, aiming to position Russia as a key player.

India links Russia to initiatives like the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route and Far East investments to counter Chinese dominance and promote a multipolar region.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

investment infrastructure transportation commerce

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

What vision of global dynamics do India and Russia share?

polycentric system of international relations

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

The US sees India as a China counterbalance, while China-Russia cooperation challenges US interests, shaping India's and Russia's strategic calculations.

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

China's Arctic ambitions via the Polar Silk Road and Russia's interest in Arctic routes highlight global power dynamics in the Indo-Pacific.

Russia's naval exercises with Myanmar and port visits to Bangladesh signal growing Indian Ocean presence, shifting focus from Europe to the Indo-Pacific.

Title:

Content: Indian Navy stealth destroyer and Japan Navy frigate during exercise JIMEX in the Arabian Sea

by Sankalp Gurjar

Three latest developments indicate the growing interest of major global powers in the Indian Ocean geopolitics, despite the crises in Europe and West Asia. First, India hosted the 2+2 dialogue with the foreign and defence ministers of the United States in Delhi in which several dimensions of the Indian Ocean rim figured in the discussions. Second, the Chinese navy exercised with the Pakistani navy in the Arabian Sea.

Finally, Russian naval warships exercised with the Burmese navy and paid a visit to the port of Chattogram in Bangladesh. Of the three developments, two are indicative of broader strategic trends that have already been set in motion: deepening of Indo-US ties and reinforcing the China- Pakistan quasi-alliance. Russia’s growing interest in Indian Ocean geopolitics is a new development. However, taken together, these developments indicate the growing interest of major global powers in the Indian Ocean.

India-US 2+2: Maritime Dimensions

India-US 2+2 dialogue has emerged as the premier forum for top officials from India and the US to discuss possible areas of cooperation and manage the diverging viewpoints about global affairs. As per the joint statement issued after the dialogue, India and the US agreed to collaborate to share maritime technologies and also co-operate for managing the undersea domain. In the last few years, Indian shipyards are emerging as trusted partners for the US navy to maintain, repair and overhaul their ships, specifically the aircraft carriers.

Augmenting this collaboration and attracting the US investments in this sector is also on the cards. It will help in building Indian capabilities, further familiarize India and the US navies with each other including in the domain of technologies as well as deepen the interoperability between the two navies. This will be a key development for the Indian Ocean geopolitics.

Moreover, India has joined the US-led maritime security initiative known as Combined Maritime Force (CMF) which is based in Bahrain. Under the aegis of CMF, there are four task forces that undertake maritime security related functions, primarily in the Persian Gulf, Western Indian Ocean and in the Red Sea region. The Indo-US collaborative effort of the India-Middle East-Europe corridor (IMEC) will also be a gamechanger in the geopolitics of the northern Indian Ocean rim and will re-orient the trade and investment flows. Given the US’ steadily growing interest in the Indian Ocean and India’s expanding maritime engagements, Indo-US partnership in the Indian Ocean will attain increasing strategic importance.

China-Pakistan Naval Exercises

The naval drills between China and Pakistan are an annual affair. However, this time the exercises were the largest ever. These naval drills are as much about naval cooperation as they are about political signalling. Both countries seek to balance India’s growing power in the Indian Ocean. In the last 15 years, China has sought to expand its naval presence in the Indian Ocean whereas for Pakistan, China is a key partner in military modernization.

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a seemingly signature project in the Belt and Road Initiative and as per the Chinese officials, the naval exercises were aimed at safeguarding the CPEC. The drills obviously indicate the growing naval dimension of China- Pakistan strategic partnership. For the exercises, China had sent an advanced destroyer and a submarine.

Apart from the exercises with South African, Iranian, and Russian navies in the Indian Ocean, China-Pakistan maritime security drills contribute to the strengthening of Chinese naval presence in the region. As China seeks to establish more military bases in the Indian Ocean, including in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, such exercises familiarize the Chinese navy with the Indian Ocean and regularize their presence in Indian Ocean waters.

There are reports of Chinese interest in acquiring a military base in Oman which will support and complement the military base in Djibouti. For India and the Indian Ocean, the naval dimensions of China-Pakistan quasi-alliance is a serious challenge.

Russia In Bay of Bengal

In addition to the US and China, Russia is also taking steady steps to expand its presence in the Indian Ocean. So far, it has been more focused on the Western Indian Ocean. However, it is gradually expanding its presence in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Russia’s naval exercises with Myanmar and port visit to Bangladesh have to be seen in this context.

Russia is a close strategic partner of Myanmar and is deepening strategic cooperation with Bangladesh. The expanding Russian presence in the Indian Ocean raises questions about the nature of activities and collaborations. Will Moscow, working in tandem with Beijing, be more aggressive in the Indian Ocean like it has been in the Western Pacific? How do regional powers look at the Russian naval expansion? What is the role of, and implications for, India in the evolving geopolitics? Although it is too soon to consider Russian presence as a development that will shape regional geopolitics, Moscow’s growing presence and interest cannot be overlooked.

To be sure, the Indian Ocean has been attaining centre-stage in global geopolitics in the last two decades. However, developments in other parts of the world such as the war in Ukraine, Israel-Palestine crisis tend to push the Indian Ocean to the periphery. For India, what happens in the Indian Ocean matters directly for its national security and foreign policy interests. In this context, the growing presence and strategic interest of China and Russia in the Indian Ocean region needs to be watched carefully.

Sankalp Gurjar is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Geopolitics and International Relations, Manipal Academy of Higher Education

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

India's rivalry with China drives collaboration with Russia to counter Chinese assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific and Eurasia.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

India and Russia view the Indo-Pacific as multipolar, with Russia seeking to shape the emerging order despite US disagreements.

What vision of global dynamics do India and Russia share?

polycentric system of international relations

India's Indian Ocean focus contrasts with the US's Pacific emphasis, reflecting divergent geopolitical priorities.

Russia's Indo-Pacific role is shaped by economic and geopolitical interests, including Far East investments and Chennai-Vladivostok collaborations.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

India's growing Pacific naval capabilities are supported by Russia to counter China and strengthen India's regional role.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?


India-Russia cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region predates the US's concept, with historical trust between the two sides forming a key basis for their strategic calculations.

Russia perceives the Indo-Pacific region as American, opposing its adoption, but previously adopted the Asia-Pacific region, reflecting a shift in its geopolitical stance.

India and Russia's cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region began with the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, when the Soviet Union supported India with a nuclear-armed fleet, a move that aligned with India's interests in the region.

India's engagement with the Indo-Pacific region is characterized by its "free, open, and inclusive" vision, contrasting with the US's "free and open" approach, and aims to position Russia as an active player in the region.

India has tried to link Russia with its Indo-Pacific initiatives, such as the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route and investments in Russia's Far East, to counter Chinese dominance and create a multipolar Indo-Pacific region.

The US sees India as a partner in its fight against China, while China and Russia form a strategic partnership to challenge US interests, influencing India's and Russia's strategic calculations in the Indo-Pacific region.

China's expanding presence in the Arctic through the Polar Silk Road and Russia's interest in the Arctic sea routes highlight the role of global powers in shaping the Indo-Pacific region.

Russia's naval exercises with Myanmar and port visits to Bangladesh reflect its growing presence in the Indian Ocean, a development that may signal a shift in its focus from Europe to the Indo-Pacific region.

Japan's role in the Indo-Pacific region is significant, with potential to join the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing group, a move that could destabilize bilateral relations with China.

India's rivalry with China influences its strategic calculations, prompting collaboration with Russia to counterbalance Chinese assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific and Eurasian regions.

The Indo-Pacific region is viewed by India and Russia as a multipolar space, where Russia can play an active role in shaping the emerging order, despite disagreements with the US over the concept.

India's focus on the Indian Ocean contrasts with the US's emphasis on the Pacific, highlighting differing perspectives on the Indo-Pacific region's geopolitical significance.

Russia's cooperation with India in the Indo-Pacific region is driven by a shared goal of weakening US influence, a common challenge that aligns their strategic interests.

China's Belt and Road Initiative and Russia's Eurasian Economic Union are seen as contrasting efforts, with Russia seeking to align with China's initiative to counter US influence in Eurasia.

India's and Russia's strategic calculations in the Indo-Pacific region are influenced by regional powers' actions, including US-China tensions, China-Russia cooperation, and Japan's potential role in the region.

Russia's role in the Indo-Pacific region is being shaped by its evolving economic and geopolitical interests, including investments in India's Far East and collaborations with India on the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route.

India's growing naval capabilities in the Pacific are being supported by Russia, aiming to counter China's influence and strengthen India's strategic role in the region.

India-Russia cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region predates the US's concept, with historical trust between the two sides forming a key basis for their strategic calculations.

Title:

Content: Reviving Russia ’ s Role in the Indo-Pacific
Raj Kumar Sharma
Fifty years ago, India and the former Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation on 9 August 1971.
In addition to changing the characteristics of South Asian and world politics, the treaty can also be seen as a harbinger of this idea.
From the Indo-Pacific region between India and Russia.
Despite disagreements over this concept these days, it is easy to forget that India-Russia cooperation in the Indo-Pacific and Eurasia preceded India ’ s engagement with most other major powers.
1971 is known for another reason: China decided to abandon its ideological mentor, the Soviet Union, and allied itself with the United States to balance the Soviet Union.
Thus, India faced security threats from Pakistan ’ s allies – the United States and China – during the Indo-Pakistani War in 1971.
However, when the Indo-Pakistani War broke out in December 1971 and US naval forces attempted to threaten India ’ s security, the Soviet Union sent a nuclear-armed fleet from the Pacific Fleet stationed in Vladivostok to support India – this could be considered the beginning of the Indo-Pacific concept between India and Russia.
To silence China, the Soviet Union moved 40 military divisions to the Xinjiang border with China and 7 divisions to the Manchuria border.
These events 50 years ago showed that cooperation between India and Russia (the two Eurasian and Pacific powers) was an important component of the Indo-Pacific region long before the US supported the idea of the Indo-Pacific region.
However, geopolitics has now changed as the US now sees India as a partner in its fight against China.
On the other hand, Beijing has partnered with Moscow to challenge Washington.
Russia has expressed some doubts about the Indo-Pacific region.
First, the Indo-Pacific region is perceived by Russia as American, so Moscow completely rejects it.
However, the Asia-Pacific region that preceded the Indo-Pacific region was also an American construction that Russia adopted.
At the governmental level, Russia continues to oppose the Indo-Pacific region, but academia, think tanks, and even the media are starting to get involved in the idea, debates, discussions, seminars, and conferences on the subject.
From time to time, India assured Russia that New Delhi ’ s rapprochement with Washington would not come at Moscow ’ s expense.
In contrast to the United States ’ understanding of the concept of “free and open ” in the Indo-Pacific region, India has always indicated that it is interested in“ free, open and inclusive ” in the Indo-Pacific region, an understanding that reflects India ’ s desire for Russia.
be an active player in the region.
In fact, India has tried to link Russia with its Indo-Pacific initiatives so that the latter would look like an independent pole outside of China ’ s shadow, which has given the nature of the Indo-Pacific region a multipolarity.
These initiatives include the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route and efforts by India and Japan to invest in Russia ’ s Far East.
These initiatives are part of India ’ s policy in the Far East to reach the Asian part of Russia.
It is important to emphasize here that people-to-people contacts have been a key area of success in India ’ s relationship with the United States.
However, in relations between India and Russia, the situation is different.
As Russia has concerns about Chinese immigration to the Far East, state-facilitated immigration of Indian labor to Russia could bring political and economic benefits to both sides.
The Russian economy is recovering, but the epidemic is not over - Putin - Business and economy
From India ’ s perspective, the Indo-Pacific region is similar to the Great Russian-Eurasian Partnership aimed at avoiding Chinese domination of Eurasia.
This policy contains elements of cooperation as well as competition with China.
Faced with China ’ s advancement through the Silk Road Economic Belt in Russia ’ s sphere of influence in Eurasia, Russia has agreed to align its own initiative, the Eurasian Economic Union, with China ’ s Belt and Road Initiative, though there are more contradictions than similarities in these efforts.
Similarly, the Indo-Pacific region is India ’ s attempt to protect its neighbors from China ’ s assertive behavior.
Russia has the opportunity to cooperate with India in shaping the emerging order in the Indo-Pacific region, which can be done with historical trust between the two sides.
India pays more attention to the Indian Ocean, while the United States and its allies favor the Pacific, highlighting another difference in the Indo-American conceptual understanding of the Indo-Pacific.
India is not yet a major military power in the Pacific, but helping its naval forces achieve this goal will also help Russia meet China ’ s challenge to its dominance in the Arctic.
China defines itself as “close to the Arctic country, ” although it does not have a coastline in the Arctic.
Within the framework of the Polar Silk Road, China ’ s activity in the Arctic will increase in the coming years.
Even Chinese strategists have argued that whoever controls the Arctic sea route will control the global economy, and China should play an active role in this area.
Consequently, the Indo-Pacific region is an idea that can add value to Russian diplomacy in various regions, including the Asia-Pacific region and the Arctic.
After all, the Russian worldview is manifested in the symbol of the coat of arms, where the two-headed eagle looks simultaneously at the West and East.
Traditionally, Russian elites considered their country European, but it also has an Asia-Pacific character.
These elites, based in Moscow, which has been the traditional center of power in Russia, can compete with others who want Russia to be more active in the Pacific through its base in Vladivostok.
The Indo-Pacific region is not just the United States, and Russia ’ s worldview is likely to be incomplete without considering the Indo-Pacific region, where there is a potential risk of making it dependent on China.
Russia proposes new US administration not to publish INF Treaty - Business and economy
The author is a researcher at the Bharat Al Kindi Center.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Russia perceives the Indo-Pacific region as American, opposing its adoption, but previously adopted the Asia-Pacific region, reflecting a shift in its geopolitical stance.

India and Russia's cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region began with the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, when the Soviet Union supported India with a nuclear-armed fleet, a move that aligned with India's interests in the region.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

India's engagement with the Indo-Pacific region is characterized by its "free, open, and inclusive" vision, contrasting with the US's "free and open" approach, and aims to position Russia as an active player in the region.

India has tried to link Russia with its Indo-Pacific initiatives, such as the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route and investments in Russia's Far East, to counter Chinese dominance and create a multipolar Indo-Pacific region.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

investment infrastructure transportation commerce

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

What vision of global dynamics do India and Russia share?

polycentric system of international relations

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

The US sees India as a partner in its fight against China, while China and Russia form a strategic partnership to challenge US interests, influencing India's and Russia's strategic calculations in the Indo-Pacific region.

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

Russia's growing closeness to China
India's growing closeness to the U.S.

China's expanding presence in the Arctic through the Polar Silk Road and Russia's interest in the Arctic sea routes highlight the role of global powers in shaping the Indo-Pacific region.

Russia's naval exercises with Myanmar and port visits to Bangladesh reflect its growing presence in the Indian Ocean, a development that may signal a shift in its focus from Europe to the Indo-Pacific region.

Title:

Content: Indian Navy stealth destroyer and Japan Navy frigate during exercise JIMEX in the Arabian Sea

by Sankalp Gurjar

Three latest developments indicate the growing interest of major global powers in the Indian Ocean geopolitics, despite the crises in Europe and West Asia. First, India hosted the 2+2 dialogue with the foreign and defence ministers of the United States in Delhi in which several dimensions of the Indian Ocean rim figured in the discussions. Second, the Chinese navy exercised with the Pakistani navy in the Arabian Sea.

Finally, Russian naval warships exercised with the Burmese navy and paid a visit to the port of Chattogram in Bangladesh. Of the three developments, two are indicative of broader strategic trends that have already been set in motion: deepening of Indo-US ties and reinforcing the China- Pakistan quasi-alliance. Russia’s growing interest in Indian Ocean geopolitics is a new development. However, taken together, these developments indicate the growing interest of major global powers in the Indian Ocean.

India-US 2+2: Maritime Dimensions

India-US 2+2 dialogue has emerged as the premier forum for top officials from India and the US to discuss possible areas of cooperation and manage the diverging viewpoints about global affairs. As per the joint statement issued after the dialogue, India and the US agreed to collaborate to share maritime technologies and also co-operate for managing the undersea domain. In the last few years, Indian shipyards are emerging as trusted partners for the US navy to maintain, repair and overhaul their ships, specifically the aircraft carriers.

Augmenting this collaboration and attracting the US investments in this sector is also on the cards. It will help in building Indian capabilities, further familiarize India and the US navies with each other including in the domain of technologies as well as deepen the interoperability between the two navies. This will be a key development for the Indian Ocean geopolitics.

Moreover, India has joined the US-led maritime security initiative known as Combined Maritime Force (CMF) which is based in Bahrain. Under the aegis of CMF, there are four task forces that undertake maritime security related functions, primarily in the Persian Gulf, Western Indian Ocean and in the Red Sea region. The Indo-US collaborative effort of the India-Middle East-Europe corridor (IMEC) will also be a gamechanger in the geopolitics of the northern Indian Ocean rim and will re-orient the trade and investment flows. Given the US’ steadily growing interest in the Indian Ocean and India’s expanding maritime engagements, Indo-US partnership in the Indian Ocean will attain increasing strategic importance.

China-Pakistan Naval Exercises

The naval drills between China and Pakistan are an annual affair. However, this time the exercises were the largest ever. These naval drills are as much about naval cooperation as they are about political signalling. Both countries seek to balance India’s growing power in the Indian Ocean. In the last 15 years, China has sought to expand its naval presence in the Indian Ocean whereas for Pakistan, China is a key partner in military modernization.

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a seemingly signature project in the Belt and Road Initiative and as per the Chinese officials, the naval exercises were aimed at safeguarding the CPEC. The drills obviously indicate the growing naval dimension of China- Pakistan strategic partnership. For the exercises, China had sent an advanced destroyer and a submarine.

Apart from the exercises with South African, Iranian, and Russian navies in the Indian Ocean, China-Pakistan maritime security drills contribute to the strengthening of Chinese naval presence in the region. As China seeks to establish more military bases in the Indian Ocean, including in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, such exercises familiarize the Chinese navy with the Indian Ocean and regularize their presence in Indian Ocean waters.

There are reports of Chinese interest in acquiring a military base in Oman which will support and complement the military base in Djibouti. For India and the Indian Ocean, the naval dimensions of China-Pakistan quasi-alliance is a serious challenge.

Russia In Bay of Bengal

In addition to the US and China, Russia is also taking steady steps to expand its presence in the Indian Ocean. So far, it has been more focused on the Western Indian Ocean. However, it is gradually expanding its presence in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Russia’s naval exercises with Myanmar and port visit to Bangladesh have to be seen in this context.

Russia is a close strategic partner of Myanmar and is deepening strategic cooperation with Bangladesh. The expanding Russian presence in the Indian Ocean raises questions about the nature of activities and collaborations. Will Moscow, working in tandem with Beijing, be more aggressive in the Indian Ocean like it has been in the Western Pacific? How do regional powers look at the Russian naval expansion? What is the role of, and implications for, India in the evolving geopolitics? Although it is too soon to consider Russian presence as a development that will shape regional geopolitics, Moscow’s growing presence and interest cannot be overlooked.

To be sure, the Indian Ocean has been attaining centre-stage in global geopolitics in the last two decades. However, developments in other parts of the world such as the war in Ukraine, Israel-Palestine crisis tend to push the Indian Ocean to the periphery. For India, what happens in the Indian Ocean matters directly for its national security and foreign policy interests. In this context, the growing presence and strategic interest of China and Russia in the Indian Ocean region needs to be watched carefully.

Sankalp Gurjar is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Geopolitics and International Relations, Manipal Academy of Higher Education

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Japan's role in the Indo-Pacific region is significant, with potential to join the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing group, a move that could destabilize bilateral relations with China.

Title:

Content: Directions
Why is Japan against Russia?
Naser Al Tamimi
Writer and Researcher - International Relations and Gulf-China Affairs
+ A -A
Published: 04 Apr 2022 9: 37 GMT
In remarkable remarks during his recent meeting with his Ukrainian counterpart, Dmytro Koliba, in the Polish capital Warsaw, Japanese Foreign Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi said his country is ready.
In a remarkable statement during his recent meeting with his Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Koliba in the Polish capital Warsaw, Japanese Foreign Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi said his country is ready to receive Ukrainian refugees, stressing that Tokyo intends to intensify sanctions against Russia.
The question immediately comes to mind, why does the Japanese leadership take such a hard line against Moscow, even though Ukraine is thousands of miles away from Japan and does not represent any strategic importance to it?
Japan ’ s decision to maintain unity with its G7 partners and other Asian countries (South Korea, Australia and Singapore) in punishing Russia for its invasion of Ukraine is based on two main factors.
First, Russia ’ s unprovoked aggression against another country could destabilize the international order led by the United States of America.
Second, Japanese officials are concerned that a weak or absent international response to this aggression may encourage other countries to try to change the status quo through the use of force.
There is particular Japanese concern about the security situation surrounding the Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands in the East China Sea, which are controlled by Japan but claimed by China as occupied islands.
Economically, the deterioration in Japan ’ s relations with Russia is expected to have a direct impact on Japan ’ s economy through secondary rather than primary channels, such as trade and investment.
Russia is not among Japan ’ s top 15 trading partners, and Japan ’ s exports and investments in Russia are mainly focused on automobiles.
However, Japan imports more than 90% of its energy consumption and is vulnerable to rising global energy prices in the wake of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis.
At the same time, Russia is also an important exporter of palladium, an important metal for manufacturing automotive exhaust converters.
In this context, last year, Japan imported (according to Japanese official data) about 9% of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) and almost 4% of its crude oil from Russia, much of which is generated from the Sakhalin-2 oil and gas project supported by major Japanese multinational companies, such as Mitsubishi and Mitsui.
Japanese companies may not currently consider amending these contracts or supplying liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Russia, and energy-strapped Japan is unlikely to press for a ban or restriction on Russia ’ s energy sector.
But Japan is expected to step up efforts to diversify its energy and goods imports away from Russia.
In the long run, this will accelerate Japan ’ s attempts to shift its energy use away from fossil fuels towards wind, solar, hydrogen and nuclear power.
If successful, this shift will have repercussions not only for Russia, but also for many parts of the world, including the Middle East.
Geopolitically, Japan is likely to seek closer defense cooperation with regional allies in response to a stronger Sino-Russian alignment, and Tokyo may imagine that one of the worrisome consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, and Russia ’ s isolation, is a deepening alliance between Moscow and Beijing.
According to Japanese perceptions, the growing security coordination and cooperation between China and Russia, especially in the Indo-Pacific region, is focused on a common goal: weakening the presence of the United States and its network of alliances in the region.
These perceptions may prompt Japan to seek a more active security alliance with strategic partners focused on their security alliance with the United States, and the Quartet (an informal diplomatic group between the United States, Japan, Australia, and India).
Japan may apply to join the intelligence-sharing group Five Eyes, which currently includes the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and Canada.
Such a move would increase Japan ’ s strategic role in the region, but if it does, it is sure to raise China ’ s suspicions, potentially destabilizing bilateral relations.
Perhaps most worrying for Tokyo is the possibility that the United States ’ ability to focus on the Indo-Pacific region will be affected by new tensions in the Middle East if the nuclear deal with Iran fails, and / or the Russian war in Ukraine, especially if it escalates and deepens the involvement of some NATO countries in the conflict.
In the near term, the distraction of the United States may provide some political benefits for China in its Asian neighborhood, where its growing influence will be subject to less focus or conflict.
Economically, the absence of the United States would give more room for China to shape the region ’ s trade and investment rules, as it has been trying to do through its support for huge regional trade deals.
In contrast, China ’ s strategic benefits in Asia are not settled or clear-cut.
Russia ’ s invasion of a small, independent neighbor may reaffirm the concerns of many in Asia about Chinese intentions in the region, especially if China abandons its ambiguous stance on the crisis to align decisively with Russia.
Many could seek stronger ties with the United States to balance against China, and increase their defense spending.
U.S. allies such as Japan and South Korea may push for access to U.S. missile and nuclear technology, as Australia has, and signal a stronger willingness to help defend Taiwan.
As political and economic tensions between China and the United States widen, we may see in the Pacific a more polarized, complex and divided geopolitical environment, and an increase in defense spending, a situation that is uncomfortable for the world and may cast a dark shadow over the Middle East.
This article expresses the opinion of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the point of view of Eram News Network
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India's rivalry with China influences its strategic calculations, prompting collaboration with Russia to counterbalance Chinese assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific and Eurasian regions.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

The Indo-Pacific region is viewed by India and Russia as a multipolar space, where Russia can play an active role in shaping the emerging order, despite disagreements with the US over the concept.

What vision of global dynamics do India and Russia share?

polycentric system of international relations

India's focus on the Indian Ocean contrasts with the US's emphasis on the Pacific, highlighting differing perspectives on the Indo-Pacific region's geopolitical significance.

Russia's cooperation with India in the Indo-Pacific region is driven by a shared goal of weakening US influence, a common challenge that aligns their strategic interests.

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

China's Belt and Road Initiative and Russia's Eurasian Economic Union are seen as contrasting efforts, with Russia seeking to align with China's initiative to counter US influence in Eurasia.

India's and Russia's strategic calculations in the Indo-Pacific region are influenced by regional powers' actions, including US-China tensions, China-Russia cooperation, and Japan's potential role in the region.

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Russia's role in the Indo-Pacific region is being shaped by its evolving economic and geopolitical interests, including investments in India's Far East and collaborations with India on the Chennai-Vladivostok sea route.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

investment infrastructure transportation commerce

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

India's growing naval capabilities in the Pacific are being supported by Russia, aiming to counter China's influence and strengthen India's strategic role in the region.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

In what regions do India and Russia have common strategic interests?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?


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Okay, let me start by understanding the user's request. They need a concise report under 400 words, preserving all original facts and citations. The original report is 440 words, so I need to cut 40 words.

First, I'll go through each sentence and check for duplicates or redundant information. For example, the original mentions Belgium's 91% participation and the EU's ranking. Maybe I can combine those into a single sentence to save space.

Next, looking at Shanghai's 2019 ordinance and 1995 system. The original has two separate sentences about Shanghai. I can merge them into one to avoid repetition.

South Korea's system and Seoul's success are mentioned separately. Combining them into one sentence would help.

Singapore's recycling rate and the three enterprises can be combined as well.

Taiwan's early levy policies and the 1997 program can be merged.

Hong Kong's fragmented system and the government's struggles are in separate sentences. Combining those would save words.

Korea's model and Seoul's levy can be combined.

Singapore's centralized system and Shanghai's potential model can be merged.

The government roles and policies section has a few sentences that can be condensed.

Comparisons and conclusion can be shortened.

I need to ensure each sentence is separate, citations are exact, and no new information is added. Let me check the word count again to make sure it's under 400.

I think that's all. Now, I'll structure the revised report accordingly.

</think>

Belgium leads in waste sorting, with 91% of its population participating.

The EU leads in packaging recycling, followed by Middle Eastern, African, Latin American, Canadian, Southeast Asian, and former USSR countries.

Shanghai implemented the Municipal Domestic Waste Management Ordinance in 2019, building on its 1995 system.

South Korea’s system, with Seoul as the most effective city, is a model for other regions.

Singapore’s recycling rate reached 51.7% in 2020, managed by three licensed enterprises.

Taiwan improved waste man

<think>

<think>

<think>

Okay, let me start by understanding the user's request. They need a concise report under 400 words, preserving all original facts and citations. The original report is 440 words, so I need to cut 40 words.

First, I'll go through each sentence and check for duplicates or redundant information. For example, the original mentions Belgium's 91% participation and the EU's ranking. Maybe I can combine those into a single sentence to save space.

Next, looking at Shanghai's 2019 ordinance and 1995 system. The original has two separate sentences about Shanghai. I can merge them into one to avoid repetition.

South Korea's system and Seoul's success are mentioned separately. Combining them into one sentence would help.

Singapore's recycling rate and the three enterprises can be combined as well.

Taiwan's early levy policies and the 1997 program can be merged.

Hong Kong's fragmented system and the government's struggles are in separate sentences. Combining those would save words.

Korea's model and Seoul's levy can be combined.

Singapore's centralized system and Shanghai's potential model can be merged.

The government roles and policies section has a few sentences that can be condensed.

Comparisons and conclusion can be shortened.

I need to ensure each sentence is separate, citations are exact, and no new information is added. Let me check the word count again to make sure it's under 400.

I think that's all. Now, I'll structure the revised report accordingly.

</think>

</think>

</think>

Belgium leads in waste sorting, with 91% of its population participating.

Title:

Content: Hong Kong ’ s slow progress in environmental governance – why not look at the Greater Bay Area and the world?
Author: Liu Mengting
Published: Updated:
In 2005, the SAR Government proposed to develop a recycling economy, that is, to reduce the environmental burden by repairing, recycling and extending the service life of materials, to find a way out for recycling recyclable materials, and to promote the development of related industries and promote economic diversification.
However, more than a decade later, Hong Kong ’ s circular economy has not made much progress.
In this regard, some scholars suggest leveraging the advantages of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
At the same time, Hong Kong ’ s waste management policy is not yet climate, and we must match the experience of “top students ” such as Korea, Taiwan and Singapore.
Circular Economy Enemies the Greater Bay Area
Professor Patrick Poon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, has been developing a patented technology for converting waste glass into environmentally friendly bricks since the 1990s, with a view to improving the recycling efficiency of waste glass.
Green brick is a kind of concrete brick, can effectively use construction waste and waste glass, the third generation of green brick has been put into the market as paving brick.
For more than 20 years, the technology has been optimized by scholars to the fifth generation, but it is still “technology without market ”.
In an interview with "Hong Kong 01" recently, Poon mentioned the two main reasons why the development of the local green brick industry is hindered, which is also the dilemma faced by Hong Kong's circular economy.
Pan Chih-sheng says that the research on green bricks has been successful, but the price is not competitive. (photo by O'Cara)
One of the main reasons is that local manufacturing has caused the high enterprise products to lose market advantage. Poon analysis, because the whole production process of environmentally friendly bricks produced in Hong Kong is completed in Hong Kong, and the land price and labor in Hong Kong are very high, and the price has also risen with the water. It is necessary to open up the market to achieve maximum trade liberalization, so the possibility of contractors choosing Hong Kong materials for profit considerations is very low.
On the other hand, the Hong Kong government has not introduced relevant policies to require the actual use of environmentally friendly materials, in the absence of just the premise, the market share of environmentally friendly bricks is unstable, and the current use of the third generation of environmentally friendly bricks is about 20% more expensive than natural sand bricks, so the project side may not consider the use of environmentally friendly bricks.
Another major obstacle is that the government did not help. Pan Zhisheng pointed out that environmental protection bricks are made of recycled materials, although the quality and performance of the bricks are not lost to natural sand and stone, but the quality difference is greater.
However, according to the existing government regulations, the two are regarded as the same, that is, the quality of environmentally friendly materials is too high, but it may still be regarded as unqualified due to the degree of quality difference. This single regulation is a constraint for the application of environmentally friendly bricks. If the outlook does not improve, it will be more difficult to attract investors.
Under such a vicious cycle, the government has no intention to invest or give support, and the environmental protection brick industry chain has become a dead end.
The recycling rate of local waste in Hong Kong is low, and exports are facing many restrictions.
In an interview with Hong Kong 01, Wong Woon-chung, director of the Johan Centre for Applied Forestry Research in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), Hong Kong Baptist University, pointed out that the land resources in Hong Kong are tight, such as the opening of a recycling plant for recycled materials will double the cost.
Mr Wong stressed that the circular economy requires complementary advantages from different regions. There is no way out if the development vision is limited to Hong Kong. (photo by Mr Cheng Tze-feng)
Waste management in Hong Kong is inefficient and should be seen around the world
South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan implemented waste levies in 1995, 1996 and 2000 respectively. Since then, they have gradually developed comprehensive and mature environmental policies with local characteristics.
Hong Kong's waste management system has been fragmented for many years, and it is time to look at the world and learn from advanced experience and thinking.
Hong Kong ’ s waste management policy has not been good for many years, and the climate should be on par with other regions. (Photo by Tsai Cheng-pong)
Korea has introduced waste utilization measures in a multi-pronged manner to achieve long-term management, so the Korean waste management system is at the forefront of Asia.
For example, the city of Seoul, which has achieved the most remarkable results, introduced a series of supporting measures in a few years to change the entire waste treatment model, public perception of waste and living habits after the implementation of the garbage levy system in 1995.
In contrast, the Hong Kong Government is always "discussing" with the industry and "considering" the initiatives of environmental protection groups.
Taiwan is also a leader in waste management in Asia.
The Taiwan government sent a special cleaning team to collect household waste from residents using two types of recycling trucks – yellow garbage trucks are used to collect general waste from residents using official garbage bags, and white garbage trucks are used to collect raw and cooked food waste, plastic and other recyclable resources.
As early as 1997, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency launched the "Resource Recovery 4-in-1 Program", which fully mobilized the role of the government, manufacturers, consumers and licensed recycling enterprises in waste management, not only to skillfully distribute the financial costs, but also to reflect the principle of impartiality.
Singapore has a small population, similar to Hong Kong, but the waste recycling work is more professional and centralized.
In Singapore, three waste management enterprises are licensed by the National Environment Agency (NEA) to provide waste collection and recycling services to residents in different parts of the country. The waste is meticulously classified into paper, plastic, glass and metal, and the garden waste is collected separately.
In the recycling process, incineration plants reduce the volume of waste by 90%, and then use 3% of non-incineration and non-recyclable waste to landfill to reduce the environmental burden.
According to statistics, Singapore ’ s solid waste recycling rate reached 51.7% in 2020, a model that Hong Kong can learn from.
As for the administrative efficiency of the Mainland, it is also worth reflecting on the Hong Kong government. In July 2019, Shanghai implemented what has been described as the “world ’ s most stringent ” waste separation measure.
First of all, its domestic waste is strictly divided into four categories, namely recyclables, hazardous waste, wet waste and dry waste; secondly, if individuals or units do not dispose of garbage in accordance with the classification, they will be punished with severe high fines.
Under the mandatory implementation of the government, Shanghai residents have achieved good environmental protection results after experiencing "pain".
The Garbage Levy Ordinance has already been introduced, but the Government must not be complacent about it, but must think about how to tie in with the Ordinance in the next step, and adopt a systematic and comprehensive thinking to achieve long-term waste management.
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The EU leads in packaging recycling, followed by Middle Eastern, African, Latin American, Canadian, Southeast Asian, and former USSR countries.

Shanghai implemented the Municipal Domestic Waste Management Ordinance in 2019, building on its 1995 system.

South Korea’s system, with Seoul as the most effective city, is a model for other regions.

Singapore’s recycling rate reached 51.7% in 2020, managed by three licensed enterprises.

Taiwan improved waste man


Belgium leads in waste sorting and recycling systems, with 91% of its population sorting garbage.

The European Union ranks first in the recycling system for packaging, followed by Middle Eastern, African, Latin American, Canadian, Southeast Asian, and former USSR countries.

Shanghai implemented the Shanghai Municipal Domestic Waste Management Ordinance in 2019 to improve waste management.

South Korea’s waste management system is at the forefront of Asia, with Seoul being the most effective.

The Shanghai government launched a comprehensive recycling system in 2019, despite initial challenges.

Singapore’s waste recycling rate reached 51.7% in 2020, showcasing a highly efficient system.

Taiwan improved its waste management system through early introduction of waste levy policies, formulated a complex and effective waste management system.

Singapore has three licensed waste management enterprises, responsible for waste collection and recycling services to residents in different parts of the country.

Waste is meticulously classified into paper, plastic, glass, and metal, with garden waste collected separately.

Incineration plants reduce the volume of waste by 90%, and non-incineration and non-recyclable waste is landfill to reduce environmental burden.

The Taiwan government introduced the "Resource Recovery 4-in-1 Program" in 1997, mobilizing the role of government, manufacturers, consumers, and recycling enterprises in waste management.

Hong Kong's waste management policy has been fragmented for many years, contrasting with Singapore and Taiwan's efficient systems.

Shanghai’s waste management system has been described as complicated but effective since its implementation in 1995.

Hong Kong's waste management system has been criticized for inefficiency, with the government being "discussing" initiatives instead of taking decisive action.

Korea's waste management system is considered a model for other regions, achieving long-term management through multi-pronged measures.

Seoul's waste management system became a notable success after the implementation of the garbage levy system in 1995.

The Hong Kong government has struggled to develop comprehensive and mature environmental policies, unlike Singapore and Taiwan.

Taiwan's waste management policy has been more successful due to early introduction of waste levy policies, resulting in a complex and effective system.

Singapore’s waste management system is characterized by administrative efficiency and centralized waste management, making it a model for other countries.

The Shanghai government’s efforts in waste management have been praised as a potential model for other Chinese cities.

Shanghai's waste sorting and recycling system aims to improve environmental protection and reduce waste.

The report highlights the role of the government in implementing effective waste management policies and systems, as seen in countries like Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea.

The success of waste sorting and recycling systems in these countries demonstrates the importance of government support and regulation.

The implementation of waste levy policies has been crucial in improving waste management systems, as seen in Singapore and Taiwan.

The Shanghai municipal domestic waste management ordinance is an example of a government initiative to improve waste management.

The report emphasizes the need for governments to take decisive action and avoid indecision in waste management policies, as seen in Hong Kong.

The comparison between Hong Kong's waste management system and that of Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea highlights the importance of effective policies and implementation.

The successful waste management systems in these countries have been achieved through a combination of government initiatives, effective policies, and community participation.

The Shanghai government’s efforts in waste management have been successful, with the city being praised for its efforts.

The report concludes that effective waste sorting and recycling systems require government support, effective policies, and community participation, as seen in countries like Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea.

Belgium leads in waste sorting and recycling systems, with 91% of its population sorting garbage.

Title:

Content: Hong Kong ’ s slow progress in environmental governance – why not look at the Greater Bay Area and the world?
Author: Liu Mengting
Published: Updated:
In 2005, the SAR Government proposed to develop a recycling economy, that is, to reduce the environmental burden by repairing, recycling and extending the service life of materials, to find a way out for recycling recyclable materials, and to promote the development of related industries and promote economic diversification.
However, more than a decade later, Hong Kong ’ s circular economy has not made much progress.
In this regard, some scholars suggest leveraging the advantages of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
At the same time, Hong Kong ’ s waste management policy is not yet climate, and we must match the experience of “top students ” such as Korea, Taiwan and Singapore.
Circular Economy Enemies the Greater Bay Area
Professor Patrick Poon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, has been developing a patented technology for converting waste glass into environmentally friendly bricks since the 1990s, with a view to improving the recycling efficiency of waste glass.
Green brick is a kind of concrete brick, can effectively use construction waste and waste glass, the third generation of green brick has been put into the market as paving brick.
For more than 20 years, the technology has been optimized by scholars to the fifth generation, but it is still “technology without market ”.
In an interview with "Hong Kong 01" recently, Poon mentioned the two main reasons why the development of the local green brick industry is hindered, which is also the dilemma faced by Hong Kong's circular economy.
Pan Chih-sheng says that the research on green bricks has been successful, but the price is not competitive. (photo by O'Cara)
One of the main reasons is that local manufacturing has caused the high enterprise products to lose market advantage. Poon analysis, because the whole production process of environmentally friendly bricks produced in Hong Kong is completed in Hong Kong, and the land price and labor in Hong Kong are very high, and the price has also risen with the water. It is necessary to open up the market to achieve maximum trade liberalization, so the possibility of contractors choosing Hong Kong materials for profit considerations is very low.
On the other hand, the Hong Kong government has not introduced relevant policies to require the actual use of environmentally friendly materials, in the absence of just the premise, the market share of environmentally friendly bricks is unstable, and the current use of the third generation of environmentally friendly bricks is about 20% more expensive than natural sand bricks, so the project side may not consider the use of environmentally friendly bricks.
Another major obstacle is that the government did not help. Pan Zhisheng pointed out that environmental protection bricks are made of recycled materials, although the quality and performance of the bricks are not lost to natural sand and stone, but the quality difference is greater.
However, according to the existing government regulations, the two are regarded as the same, that is, the quality of environmentally friendly materials is too high, but it may still be regarded as unqualified due to the degree of quality difference. This single regulation is a constraint for the application of environmentally friendly bricks. If the outlook does not improve, it will be more difficult to attract investors.
Under such a vicious cycle, the government has no intention to invest or give support, and the environmental protection brick industry chain has become a dead end.
The recycling rate of local waste in Hong Kong is low, and exports are facing many restrictions.
In an interview with Hong Kong 01, Wong Woon-chung, director of the Johan Centre for Applied Forestry Research in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), Hong Kong Baptist University, pointed out that the land resources in Hong Kong are tight, such as the opening of a recycling plant for recycled materials will double the cost.
Mr Wong stressed that the circular economy requires complementary advantages from different regions. There is no way out if the development vision is limited to Hong Kong. (photo by Mr Cheng Tze-feng)
Waste management in Hong Kong is inefficient and should be seen around the world
South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan implemented waste levies in 1995, 1996 and 2000 respectively. Since then, they have gradually developed comprehensive and mature environmental policies with local characteristics.
Hong Kong's waste management system has been fragmented for many years, and it is time to look at the world and learn from advanced experience and thinking.
Hong Kong ’ s waste management policy has not been good for many years, and the climate should be on par with other regions. (Photo by Tsai Cheng-pong)
Korea has introduced waste utilization measures in a multi-pronged manner to achieve long-term management, so the Korean waste management system is at the forefront of Asia.
For example, the city of Seoul, which has achieved the most remarkable results, introduced a series of supporting measures in a few years to change the entire waste treatment model, public perception of waste and living habits after the implementation of the garbage levy system in 1995.
In contrast, the Hong Kong Government is always "discussing" with the industry and "considering" the initiatives of environmental protection groups.
Taiwan is also a leader in waste management in Asia.
The Taiwan government sent a special cleaning team to collect household waste from residents using two types of recycling trucks – yellow garbage trucks are used to collect general waste from residents using official garbage bags, and white garbage trucks are used to collect raw and cooked food waste, plastic and other recyclable resources.
As early as 1997, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency launched the "Resource Recovery 4-in-1 Program", which fully mobilized the role of the government, manufacturers, consumers and licensed recycling enterprises in waste management, not only to skillfully distribute the financial costs, but also to reflect the principle of impartiality.
Singapore has a small population, similar to Hong Kong, but the waste recycling work is more professional and centralized.
In Singapore, three waste management enterprises are licensed by the National Environment Agency (NEA) to provide waste collection and recycling services to residents in different parts of the country. The waste is meticulously classified into paper, plastic, glass and metal, and the garden waste is collected separately.
In the recycling process, incineration plants reduce the volume of waste by 90%, and then use 3% of non-incineration and non-recyclable waste to landfill to reduce the environmental burden.
According to statistics, Singapore ’ s solid waste recycling rate reached 51.7% in 2020, a model that Hong Kong can learn from.
As for the administrative efficiency of the Mainland, it is also worth reflecting on the Hong Kong government. In July 2019, Shanghai implemented what has been described as the “world ’ s most stringent ” waste separation measure.
First of all, its domestic waste is strictly divided into four categories, namely recyclables, hazardous waste, wet waste and dry waste; secondly, if individuals or units do not dispose of garbage in accordance with the classification, they will be punished with severe high fines.
Under the mandatory implementation of the government, Shanghai residents have achieved good environmental protection results after experiencing "pain".
The Garbage Levy Ordinance has already been introduced, but the Government must not be complacent about it, but must think about how to tie in with the Ordinance in the next step, and adopt a systematic and comprehensive thinking to achieve long-term waste management.
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The European Union ranks first in the recycling system for packaging, followed by Middle Eastern, African, Latin American, Canadian, Southeast Asian, and former USSR countries.

Shanghai implemented the Shanghai Municipal Domestic Waste Management Ordinance in 2019 to improve waste management.

South Korea’s waste management system is at the forefront of Asia, with Seoul being the most effective.

The Shanghai government launched a comprehensive recycling system in 2019, despite initial challenges.

Singapore’s waste recycling rate reached 51.7% in 2020, showcasing a highly efficient system.

Taiwan improved its waste management system through early introduction of waste levy policies, formulated a complex and effective waste management system.

Singapore has three licensed waste management enterprises, responsible for waste collection and recycling services to residents in different parts of the country.

Waste is meticulously classified into paper, plastic, glass, and metal, with garden waste collected separately.

Incineration plants reduce the volume of waste by 90%, and non-incineration and non-recyclable waste is landfill to reduce environmental burden.

The Taiwan government introduced the "Resource Recovery 4-in-1 Program" in 1997, mobilizing the role of government, manufacturers, consumers, and recycling enterprises in waste management.

Hong Kong's waste management policy has been fragmented for many years, contrasting with Singapore and Taiwan's efficient systems.

Shanghai’s waste management system has been described as complicated but effective since its implementation in 1995.

Hong Kong's waste management system has been criticized for inefficiency, with the government being "discussing" initiatives instead of taking decisive action.

Korea's waste management system is considered a model for other regions, achieving long-term management through multi-pronged measures.

Seoul's waste management system became a notable success after the implementation of the garbage levy system in 1995.

The Hong Kong government has struggled to develop comprehensive and mature environmental policies, unlike Singapore and Taiwan.

Taiwan's waste management policy has been more successful due to early introduction of waste levy policies, resulting in a complex and effective system.

Singapore’s waste management system is characterized by administrative efficiency and centralized waste management, making it a model for other countries.

The Shanghai government’s efforts in waste management have been praised as a potential model for other Chinese cities.

Shanghai's waste sorting and recycling system aims to improve environmental protection and reduce waste.

The report highlights the role of the government in implementing effective waste management policies and systems, as seen in countries like Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea.

The success of waste sorting and recycling systems in these countries demonstrates the importance of government support and regulation.

The implementation of waste levy policies has been crucial in improving waste management systems, as seen in Singapore and Taiwan.

The Shanghai municipal domestic waste management ordinance is an example of a government initiative to improve waste management.

The report emphasizes the need for governments to take decisive action and avoid indecision in waste management policies, as seen in Hong Kong.

The comparison between Hong Kong's waste management system and that of Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea highlights the importance of effective policies and implementation.

The successful waste management systems in these countries have been achieved through a combination of government initiatives, effective policies, and community participation.

The Shanghai government’s efforts in waste management have been successful, with the city being praised for its efforts.

The report concludes that effective waste sorting and recycling systems require government support, effective policies, and community participation, as seen in countries like Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea.