China’s J-10 fighter jet, particularly the modern J-10C and its export version J-10CE, has become a focal point in the international fighter market.

As of now, Pakistan is the only confirmed foreign operator, having inducted 25-36 J-10CE aircraft starting in March 2022.

Pakistani officials and military leaders have praised the J-10C for significantly boosting their air force’s combat capability, describing it as a 4.5-generation multirole fighter and an upgrade over platforms like the JF-17.

They credit features such as an advanced active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, improved avionics, compatibility with long-range PL-15 and PL-10 missiles, and strong electronic warfare capabilities with enhancing the country’s aerial defense and maintaining regional power balance.

Turkey has publicly evaluated the J-10C, naming it a practical, cost-effective alternative to the U.S. F-16 due to its advanced systems, reduced maintenance needs, faster delivery timelines, and potential to operate Western munitions.

However, no formal J-10 sales to Turkey or other states have been finalized.

Media and analysts have noted the J-10C’s rapid evolution, highlighting that it is now positioned as a true peer to Western contemporaries in terms of sensors, avionics, networked warfare, and affordability.

While earlier export efforts were hampered by reliability and engine concerns, recent upgrades have addressed these issues, increasing the jet’s credibility and appeal.

The J-10C is consistently cited for its competitive performance, low costs, and growing role as a pillar of China’s export ambitions.

China’s J-10 fighter jet, particularly the modern J-10C and its export version J-10CE, has become a focal point in the international fighter market.

Title:

Content: According to Turkish media reports, after the delay in delivery, Pakistan has decided to cancel its 2018 purchase of 30 T129 attack helicopters from Turkey, and switch to the purchase of Chinese-made Z-10ME armed helicopters, which can be said to be the dividends derived from Pakistan's purchase of Chinese-made J-10 fighters.
"Global Network" quoted the local media "Defense Industry News" reported that the decision to cancel the purchase of Turkish attack helicopters was the head of the Public Relations Department of the Pakistan Armed Forces Babar.
Major General Iftihar announced it at a press conference.
He said Pakistan was "determined to move forward" and confirmed that talks were under way with China on the purchase of the Z-10ME armed helicopters and that the Turkish deal had been abandoned.
The report pointed out that Pakistan and China in 2014 and the procurement of the direct -10 negotiations.
However, in 2018, Turkey ordered 30 T129 attack helicopters worth $1.5 billion from Turkey. Since the LHTEC-T800 engine for the helicopter is made in the United States, it must first obtain the US export license, but the United States has not responded, so Turkey has been unable to execute the order.
Turkey and the United States have been engaged in lengthy negotiations on the implementation of the contract, trying to obtain an export license for the engine.
Now, according to Pakistan, this process, which has been going on for many years, is over.
In an earlier statement, Turkish presidential spokesman Ibrahim Karin said, "The United States has prevented us from providing combat helicopters to Pakistan."
This could lead to the transfer of tenders to China, and the loser would be the United States. ”
According to earlier reports, in sharp contrast to Pakistan ’ s lack of a U.S. export license for its order, Turkey ’ s contract to sell the same attack helicopter to the Philippines was approved by the U.S. government.
Pakistan ’ s military plans to replace 48 old American-made AH-1F attack helicopters with new armed helicopters.
Previously, Pakistan had reached an agreement with the United States to purchase 12 new AH-1Z attack helicopters, but due to the problems of the United States, the agreement could not be implemented.
According to public information, the Chinese-made Z-10ME is an advanced attack helicopter that debuted in 2018, and it is derived from the Z-10 upgrade, including: equipped with active and passive confrontation equipment, replaced with more powerful engines up to 1200 kW, new engine exhaust vents to reduce infrared features, and attached deck to provide defense capabilities.
The report pointed out that the Z-10ME has all-weather combat capabilities, with air-to-air missiles, rockets, artillery and other airborne weapons, which can effectively attack enemy ground fortifications, armored and non-armored moving targets, and aerial targets such as helicopters.
It is understood that Pakistan has purchased at least 25 J-10CE fighters from China, and the country's interior minister recently announced that these fighters will fly over the observation deck in formation at the celebration of Pakistan's Independence Day in March.
This batch of fighters is also the first export of the J-10 series, which is of great significance to the international market prospects of China's defense industry.
Source: Turkish media: Pakistan cancels Turkish order to buy China direct -10ME, the loser will be the United States
# Armed Helicopter # Wu Zhi - 10ME # Turkey # Pakistan # China

What has China said about its J-10C Fighter?

It is the most competitive fighter jet in the international arms market in recent years.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

As of now, Pakistan is the only confirmed foreign operator, having inducted 25-36 J-10CE aircraft starting in March 2022.

Title:

Content: Turkey replaces F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Wednesday 08 March 2023 - 12: 09 GMT
Kagri Erhan, a member of the Security Council and Foreign Policy of the Turkish Presidency, announced that Ankara is expected to abandon its requests for American-made fourth-generation F-16C / D fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative.
World - Turkey
The Turkish official noted that the “$20 billion cost package ” and the availability of more cost-effective options, notably the Chinese J-10C, could make such a rollout a reality.
"Now we have other options such as the Chinese plane that was sold to Pakistan, the Russian planes and also the Eurofighter," he said.
According to Miltary Watch, Pakistan began receiving Chinese J-10C fighters in February 2022.
The Chinese fighter is of the same weight as its American counterpart, the F-16, but it is several decades newer with multiple features and performance advantages, especially in terms of armament, flight and flight performance.
It is a lightweight single-engine fighter with low operating cost and improved fifth-generation avionics.
Chinese aircraft also have similar capabilities and in most respects are superior to their American counterparts, in addition to requiring less maintenance needs and much faster delivery time.
Although Turkey is the largest foreign operator of the US F-16, with about 250 in service, which means the new aircraft can be easily integrated with existing training and logistics systems and weapons, China has in the past modified its fighters to be able to operate US weapons at the request of foreign customers.
One of the main advantages of the Chinese fighter is its very low cost compared to its American counterpart, due to the fact that China manufactures large quantities of them, unlike the American.
Turkey ’ s preference for lightweight fighters makes the Chinese single-engine aircraft an effective and pioneering option.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistani officials and military leaders have praised the J-10C for significantly boosting their air force’s combat capability, describing it as a 4.5-generation multirole fighter and an upgrade over platforms like the JF-17.

Title:

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PAF formally inducts Rafale rival China-made J-10C fighter jets

Web Desk BOL News

11th Mar, 2022. 02:25 pm
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KAMRA: The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) formally inducted a modern Chinese-made J-10C multi-role combat aircraft also known as “vigorous dragon” during a ceremony held at Kamra Airbase on Friday.

Prime Minister Imran Khan attended the induction ceremony of the single-engine fighter jet at the invitation of Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar, along with other federal ministers and the Chinese ambassador.

During the ceremony, The Prime Minister has witnessed a thrilling flypast of various aircraft formations, including the newly inducted J10C, F-16s, JF-17s, and Mirages, which displayed a sophisticated array of avionics and weaponry.

Read more: PAF’s acquisition of J10-C

Following the flypast, the Prime Minister witnessed the landing of five J-10C aircraft, which have been inducted into the 15 Squadron.

The J-10C is larger and can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar than the JF-17 Block 3 uses.

The aircraft can carry fourth-generation air-to-air missiles such as the short-range PL-10 and the beyond-visual-range PL-15.

According to a foreign media report, China will deliver a total of 25 J-10C fighter jets to Pakistan, significantly increasing the country’s military capability to defend airspace.

Read more: J-10C induction ceremony: Pakistan knows how to protect its boundaries, says Imran

After being tested in Chengdu, the first batch of combat aircraft arrived in Pakistan a few days ago.

Images of a Pakistan Air Force (PAF) J-10C fighter jet with the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) markings recently surfaced on social media and were widely circulated by media outlets.

Chinese analysts have praised the latest defence cooperation between China and Pakistan, saying that the move is significant for both countries because it strengthens the Pakistani military’s combat capabilities, promotes China’s aviation equipment, and serves regional security interests.

“The J-10C will significantly improve the Pakistan Air Force’s combat capabilities,” Chinese analysts predicted.

“The J-10C is a 4.5-generation medium-sized fighter jet that is more powerful than the China-Pakistan jointly developed lightweight fighter jet, the JF-17, which is currently in service with the Pakistan Air Force,” Shi Hong, Executive Chief Editor of Shipborne Weapons, told the Global Times.

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An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

They credit features such as an advanced active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, improved avionics, compatibility with long-range PL-15 and PL-10 missiles, and strong electronic warfare capabilities with enhancing the country’s aerial defense and maintaining regional power balance.

Title:

Content: The Pakistan Air Force has just imported a new J-10CE fighter from China, which has attracted the attention of foreign media to China's self-designed and developed 4-generation fighter.
Foreign media also noted a new discovery that has not been reported in the past: this batch of J-11CEs has a similar gold cockpit cover to the US military F-22, its function should be as a low-visibility coating, indicating that the J-10CEs have been fundamentally improved from the basic 4-generation fighter base.
From the first J-10A fighter put into use in 2005, to the appearance of the most advanced variant of the J-10C in the spring of 2018, the performance of this fighter has been fundamentally improved from the relatively basic fourth-generation fighter.
The most significant improvements include new avionics, network-centric warfare capabilities, helmet sights, and electronic warfare countermeasures, and the combination of AESA radars with the Peri-15 and Peri-10 air-to-air missiles. Although not built around stealth capabilities like the fifth-generation fighter, the J-10C ’ s radar cross section has been significantly reduced.
Pakistan ’ s purchase of the J-10CE is considered more likely to take part in combat than China ’ s own fighter jets, due to repeated clashes along the India-Pakistan border over the years.
As a result, the purchase of Pakistan has raised a lot of concern about the future performance of this fighter.
Foreign media pointed out that one feature of the J-10CE has attracted considerable attention, that is, the fighter's golden cockpit cover, which is very rare on the 4th generation fighter, but has been seen on the J-20 and the American F-22 Raptor fighter.
Under certain lighting conditions, the cockpit cover of the J-10CE is golden yellow due to an indium oxide tin conductive film coating between the optical glass layers.
This color coating is mainly used to scatter radio waves from the cockpit to reduce the radar cross-sectional area of the fighter.
This feature is one of several new technologies introduced by Pakistan, which is also the first country in the region to benefit from the technology. With the J-10CE expected to become the elite fighter in the Pakistan Air Force in the next few years, its golden cockpit cover symbolizes the aircraft ’ s status.
Article source: US media: Pakistan J-10CE has F22 style cockpit cover status is not ordinary
# J-10CE # F-22 # Pakistan # China # Fighter

How is J-10C Fighter compared with JF-17, another jet fighter that China exports?

J-10 can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

What specific models of missiles can China's J-10 FIghters carry?

Turkey has publicly evaluated the J-10C, naming it a practical, cost-effective alternative to the U.S. F-16 due to its advanced systems, reduced maintenance needs, faster delivery timelines, and potential to operate Western munitions.

Title:

Content: The American F-16...
Information on the Chinese J-10C fighter
© AFP 2023 / KARIM SAHIBChinese J-10 fighter
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The Chinese J-10 is touted as the best alternative to the US fourth-generation F-16, which has led some countries to consider acquiring it.
China has produced about 350 such aircraft since they entered service in 2005, according to Military Factory.
The aircraft has a single crew and is used by China and Pakistan and is designed for aerial combat missions with a variety of weapons.
Turkey to replace F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Photos & Videos
What are the technical specifications of the J-10?
Length: 15.5 meters.
Distance between wings: 9.7 meters.
Height: 4.7 meters.
Weight of empty aircraft: 9.7 tons.
The total weight of the aircraft is 18.5 tons.
Speed: 2,336 km / h.
Altitude: 20,000 meters.
Range: 1800 kilometers.
What is the arming of the J-10?
The Chinese J-10 has six under-wing and five under-hull external suspension points that allow it to carry a large external payload of weapons, including air-to-air missiles, laser-guided bombs and other types of conventional bombs, as well as a 23 mm internal machine gun.
There are several versions of the aircraft, some with one seat and others with two seats for training tasks, including:
The J-10A is a single-seat multirole fighter.
J-10B: Marine version with twin-engine engines.
J-10C: An upgraded version of the B version with an electronic radar and infrared guidance system for missiles.
© AFP 2023 / WANG ZHAO Chinese J-10 fighter
The Chinese J-10 fighter.
The J-10C is an upgraded export version, which Turkey may acquire as a replacement for the U.S. F-16 fighter jets.
Earlier, a Turkish presidential official said Ankara was expected to abandon the U.S. F-16 fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative in the Chinese J-10 signal.
© SputnikWhat are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
What are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
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What is the price of J-10 Fighter that China exports?

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?

However, no formal J-10 sales to Turkey or other states have been finalized.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Media and analysts have noted the J-10C’s rapid evolution, highlighting that it is now positioned as a true peer to Western contemporaries in terms of sensors, avionics, networked warfare, and affordability.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

While earlier export efforts were hampered by reliability and engine concerns, recent upgrades have addressed these issues, increasing the jet’s credibility and appeal.

Title:

Content: If the J-20 is China ’ s top and most popular fighter, then the J-10C should be given the most expectations, because the CCP believes it is a more competitive fighter in the international arms market in recent years. Although the J-10 was designed in the 1980s, after many improvements and upgrades, it has spawned at least 11 models, and its export model, the J-10C, has gradually opened up the international market. There was a lot of praise in the beginning.
Foreign military analysts believe that after continuous upgrading, the J-10 fighter will be able to use by the 2040s, becoming the United States F-15's most powerful competitor.
The initial design was a 3rd generation fighter architecture, but the constantly upgraded J-10 series has been included in the 4th generation fighter by many experts, it has more than 11 mounting points under the fuselage and wing, and can carry an astonishing number of weapons, including laser-guided missiles, GPS-guided and glide bombs, as well as general air-to-air and ground attack ammunition.
The J-10 was designed by Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (611) and manufactured by Chengdu Aircraft Company. It was designed in the 1990s, when the PLA developed its own fighter aircraft with a program called the "Destroying Project Plan". It was the No. 10 project, hence the name J-10.
The original concept was to extensively use the technology of the 1980s US F-15 and F-16 fighter aircraft and new fighter manufacturing concepts. The chief designer was Song Wenchong, which first flew in 1998 and entered service in 2003.
With a range of 2,500 kilometers and a payload of 1.9 tons, the J-10 has appeared in at least 11 types of aircraft after years of modification on this basis, making it the largest number of derivative aircraft in China.
According to the British Institute for International Strategic Studies (IISS) estimates, the Chinese air force currently has at least 540 J-10s, which can be assembled on a large scale to deal with super large battles.
The "Global Defense" website has carefully analyzed the latest J-10 upgrade to a phased array radar, which can control multiple modes of fire control radar and track 10 targets at the same time. If it is a semi-active radar, it can attack 2 targets at the same time, and if it is an active radar, it can attack 4 targets at the same time.
Analysis pointed out that the ability to track and attack multiple targets at the same time is very important for modern aircraft, and this ability can also be matched to the AN / APG-63 (V1) radar on the F-15.
Later, Boeing again updated the active phased array radar version of the F-15, allowing the F-15 to follow 14 targets simultaneously and attack six of them simultaneously.
This upgrade is said to maintain a nominal advantage over the J-10 fighter that has replaced the active phased array radar.
The upgrade of the J-10 is also the most noteworthy, including the replacement of its domestic engine WS-10B, and the 2018 Zhuhai Air Show was also the first time that the J-10B was equipped with a thrust vector jet engine for a difficult flight performance, which won the attention of many international media and heated discussion on the Internet.
Since then, the WS-10 engine has gradually replaced the Russian AL-31 engine, and some of the J-20 fighters have been switched to the WS-10.
In addition, military experts also noted that the new version of the J-10 also uses a water drop type cockpit cover, allowing the pilot to have a wider and nearly 360-degree all-round view.
Analysts believe that after the radar, fire control, avionics, cockpit covers and engines have been upgraded, the J-10 has the ability to fly into the 2040s, and in recent years began to complete transactions in the international market, proving that nearly 20 years of continuous upgrading and improvement has achieved considerable results, and will also become a very strong international competitor for the United States F-15 fighter.
However, to compare the F-15 with the J-10, some people may think that it is not fair.
Because the F-15 architecture was determined in the late 1960s, it first flew in the early 1970s; in contrast, the J-10 was determined in the early 1980s, and it first flew in the late 1990s.
The theoretical basis of the original design is more than 10 years apart, and the final design is more than 20 years apart.
From the design background difference analysis, the F-15 is a high thrust ratio, low wing load, low resistance high-speed air superiority fighter designed by the US military according to the experience of the Vietnam War and the failure of the F-4 Phantom fighter. Air and ground attack aircraft.
Therefore, some analysts believe that if we want to compare, J-10 may be more suitable to take the F-16 as the target.
Coupled with the tense situation in the Taiwan Strait in recent years, there are more and more people are more concerned about the comparison of the J-10 and Taiwan's main air force fighter F-16.
Source: Headlines Revealed on Facebook.com
# J-10 # fighter # J-20 # F-15 # Chengdu Aircraft Company

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

The J-10C is consistently cited for its competitive performance, low costs, and growing role as a pillar of China’s export ambitions.

What has China said about its J-10C Fighter?

It is the most competitive fighter jet in the international arms market in recent years.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter


China’s J-10 fighter jet, particularly the modern J-10C and its export version J-10CE, has become a focal point in the international fighter market.

As of now, Pakistan is the only confirmed foreign operator, having inducted 25-36 J-10CE aircraft starting in March 2022.

Pakistani officials and military leaders have praised the J-10C for significantly boosting their air force’s combat capability, describing it as a 4.5-generation multirole fighter and an upgrade over platforms like the JF-17.

They credit features such as an advanced active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, improved avionics, compatibility with long-range PL-15 and PL-10 missiles, and strong electronic warfare capabilities with enhancing the country’s aerial defense and maintaining regional power balance.

Turkey has publicly evaluated the J-10C, naming it a practical, cost-effective alternative to the U.S. F-16 due to its advanced systems, reduced maintenance needs, faster delivery timelines, and potential to operate Western munitions.

However, no formal J-10 sales to Turkey or other states have been finalized.

Media and analysts have noted the J-10C’s rapid evolution, highlighting that it is now positioned as a true peer to Western contemporaries in terms of sensors, avionics, networked warfare, and affordability.

While earlier export efforts were hampered by reliability and engine concerns, recent upgrades have addressed these issues, increasing the jet’s credibility and appeal.

The J-10C is consistently cited for its competitive performance, low costs, and growing role as a pillar of China’s export ambitions.

China’s J-10 fighter jet, particularly the modern J-10C and its export version J-10CE, has become a focal point in the international fighter market.

Title:

Content: According to Turkish media reports, after the delay in delivery, Pakistan has decided to cancel its 2018 purchase of 30 T129 attack helicopters from Turkey, and switch to the purchase of Chinese-made Z-10ME armed helicopters, which can be said to be the dividends derived from Pakistan's purchase of Chinese-made J-10 fighters.
"Global Network" quoted the local media "Defense Industry News" reported that the decision to cancel the purchase of Turkish attack helicopters was the head of the Public Relations Department of the Pakistan Armed Forces Babar.
Major General Iftihar announced it at a press conference.
He said Pakistan was "determined to move forward" and confirmed that talks were under way with China on the purchase of the Z-10ME armed helicopters and that the Turkish deal had been abandoned.
The report pointed out that Pakistan and China in 2014 and the procurement of the direct -10 negotiations.
However, in 2018, Turkey ordered 30 T129 attack helicopters worth $1.5 billion from Turkey. Since the LHTEC-T800 engine for the helicopter is made in the United States, it must first obtain the US export license, but the United States has not responded, so Turkey has been unable to execute the order.
Turkey and the United States have been engaged in lengthy negotiations on the implementation of the contract, trying to obtain an export license for the engine.
Now, according to Pakistan, this process, which has been going on for many years, is over.
In an earlier statement, Turkish presidential spokesman Ibrahim Karin said, "The United States has prevented us from providing combat helicopters to Pakistan."
This could lead to the transfer of tenders to China, and the loser would be the United States. ”
According to earlier reports, in sharp contrast to Pakistan ’ s lack of a U.S. export license for its order, Turkey ’ s contract to sell the same attack helicopter to the Philippines was approved by the U.S. government.
Pakistan ’ s military plans to replace 48 old American-made AH-1F attack helicopters with new armed helicopters.
Previously, Pakistan had reached an agreement with the United States to purchase 12 new AH-1Z attack helicopters, but due to the problems of the United States, the agreement could not be implemented.
According to public information, the Chinese-made Z-10ME is an advanced attack helicopter that debuted in 2018, and it is derived from the Z-10 upgrade, including: equipped with active and passive confrontation equipment, replaced with more powerful engines up to 1200 kW, new engine exhaust vents to reduce infrared features, and attached deck to provide defense capabilities.
The report pointed out that the Z-10ME has all-weather combat capabilities, with air-to-air missiles, rockets, artillery and other airborne weapons, which can effectively attack enemy ground fortifications, armored and non-armored moving targets, and aerial targets such as helicopters.
It is understood that Pakistan has purchased at least 25 J-10CE fighters from China, and the country's interior minister recently announced that these fighters will fly over the observation deck in formation at the celebration of Pakistan's Independence Day in March.
This batch of fighters is also the first export of the J-10 series, which is of great significance to the international market prospects of China's defense industry.
Source: Turkish media: Pakistan cancels Turkish order to buy China direct -10ME, the loser will be the United States
# Armed Helicopter # Wu Zhi - 10ME # Turkey # Pakistan # China

What has China said about its J-10C Fighter?

It is the most competitive fighter jet in the international arms market in recent years.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

As of now, Pakistan is the only confirmed foreign operator, having inducted 25-36 J-10CE aircraft starting in March 2022.

Title:

Content: Turkey replaces F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Wednesday 08 March 2023 - 12: 09 GMT
Kagri Erhan, a member of the Security Council and Foreign Policy of the Turkish Presidency, announced that Ankara is expected to abandon its requests for American-made fourth-generation F-16C / D fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative.
World - Turkey
The Turkish official noted that the “$20 billion cost package ” and the availability of more cost-effective options, notably the Chinese J-10C, could make such a rollout a reality.
"Now we have other options such as the Chinese plane that was sold to Pakistan, the Russian planes and also the Eurofighter," he said.
According to Miltary Watch, Pakistan began receiving Chinese J-10C fighters in February 2022.
The Chinese fighter is of the same weight as its American counterpart, the F-16, but it is several decades newer with multiple features and performance advantages, especially in terms of armament, flight and flight performance.
It is a lightweight single-engine fighter with low operating cost and improved fifth-generation avionics.
Chinese aircraft also have similar capabilities and in most respects are superior to their American counterparts, in addition to requiring less maintenance needs and much faster delivery time.
Although Turkey is the largest foreign operator of the US F-16, with about 250 in service, which means the new aircraft can be easily integrated with existing training and logistics systems and weapons, China has in the past modified its fighters to be able to operate US weapons at the request of foreign customers.
One of the main advantages of the Chinese fighter is its very low cost compared to its American counterpart, due to the fact that China manufactures large quantities of them, unlike the American.
Turkey ’ s preference for lightweight fighters makes the Chinese single-engine aircraft an effective and pioneering option.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistani officials and military leaders have praised the J-10C for significantly boosting their air force’s combat capability, describing it as a 4.5-generation multirole fighter and an upgrade over platforms like the JF-17.

Title:

Content: Adsence Ads 300X250
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PAF formally inducts Rafale rival China-made J-10C fighter jets

Web Desk BOL News

11th Mar, 2022. 02:25 pm
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KAMRA: The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) formally inducted a modern Chinese-made J-10C multi-role combat aircraft also known as “vigorous dragon” during a ceremony held at Kamra Airbase on Friday.

Prime Minister Imran Khan attended the induction ceremony of the single-engine fighter jet at the invitation of Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar, along with other federal ministers and the Chinese ambassador.

During the ceremony, The Prime Minister has witnessed a thrilling flypast of various aircraft formations, including the newly inducted J10C, F-16s, JF-17s, and Mirages, which displayed a sophisticated array of avionics and weaponry.

Read more: PAF’s acquisition of J10-C

Following the flypast, the Prime Minister witnessed the landing of five J-10C aircraft, which have been inducted into the 15 Squadron.

The J-10C is larger and can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar than the JF-17 Block 3 uses.

The aircraft can carry fourth-generation air-to-air missiles such as the short-range PL-10 and the beyond-visual-range PL-15.

According to a foreign media report, China will deliver a total of 25 J-10C fighter jets to Pakistan, significantly increasing the country’s military capability to defend airspace.

Read more: J-10C induction ceremony: Pakistan knows how to protect its boundaries, says Imran

After being tested in Chengdu, the first batch of combat aircraft arrived in Pakistan a few days ago.

Images of a Pakistan Air Force (PAF) J-10C fighter jet with the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) markings recently surfaced on social media and were widely circulated by media outlets.

Chinese analysts have praised the latest defence cooperation between China and Pakistan, saying that the move is significant for both countries because it strengthens the Pakistani military’s combat capabilities, promotes China’s aviation equipment, and serves regional security interests.

“The J-10C will significantly improve the Pakistan Air Force’s combat capabilities,” Chinese analysts predicted.

“The J-10C is a 4.5-generation medium-sized fighter jet that is more powerful than the China-Pakistan jointly developed lightweight fighter jet, the JF-17, which is currently in service with the Pakistan Air Force,” Shi Hong, Executive Chief Editor of Shipborne Weapons, told the Global Times.

Download BOL News App for latest news

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

They credit features such as an advanced active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, improved avionics, compatibility with long-range PL-15 and PL-10 missiles, and strong electronic warfare capabilities with enhancing the country’s aerial defense and maintaining regional power balance.

Title:

Content: The Pakistan Air Force has just imported a new J-10CE fighter from China, which has attracted the attention of foreign media to China's self-designed and developed 4-generation fighter.
Foreign media also noted a new discovery that has not been reported in the past: this batch of J-11CEs has a similar gold cockpit cover to the US military F-22, its function should be as a low-visibility coating, indicating that the J-10CEs have been fundamentally improved from the basic 4-generation fighter base.
From the first J-10A fighter put into use in 2005, to the appearance of the most advanced variant of the J-10C in the spring of 2018, the performance of this fighter has been fundamentally improved from the relatively basic fourth-generation fighter.
The most significant improvements include new avionics, network-centric warfare capabilities, helmet sights, and electronic warfare countermeasures, and the combination of AESA radars with the Peri-15 and Peri-10 air-to-air missiles. Although not built around stealth capabilities like the fifth-generation fighter, the J-10C ’ s radar cross section has been significantly reduced.
Pakistan ’ s purchase of the J-10CE is considered more likely to take part in combat than China ’ s own fighter jets, due to repeated clashes along the India-Pakistan border over the years.
As a result, the purchase of Pakistan has raised a lot of concern about the future performance of this fighter.
Foreign media pointed out that one feature of the J-10CE has attracted considerable attention, that is, the fighter's golden cockpit cover, which is very rare on the 4th generation fighter, but has been seen on the J-20 and the American F-22 Raptor fighter.
Under certain lighting conditions, the cockpit cover of the J-10CE is golden yellow due to an indium oxide tin conductive film coating between the optical glass layers.
This color coating is mainly used to scatter radio waves from the cockpit to reduce the radar cross-sectional area of the fighter.
This feature is one of several new technologies introduced by Pakistan, which is also the first country in the region to benefit from the technology. With the J-10CE expected to become the elite fighter in the Pakistan Air Force in the next few years, its golden cockpit cover symbolizes the aircraft ’ s status.
Article source: US media: Pakistan J-10CE has F22 style cockpit cover status is not ordinary
# J-10CE # F-22 # Pakistan # China # Fighter

How is J-10C Fighter compared with JF-17, another jet fighter that China exports?

J-10 can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

What specific models of missiles can China's J-10 FIghters carry?

Turkey has publicly evaluated the J-10C, naming it a practical, cost-effective alternative to the U.S. F-16 due to its advanced systems, reduced maintenance needs, faster delivery timelines, and potential to operate Western munitions.

Title:

Content: The American F-16...
Information on the Chinese J-10C fighter
© AFP 2023 / KARIM SAHIBChinese J-10 fighter
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The Chinese J-10 is touted as the best alternative to the US fourth-generation F-16, which has led some countries to consider acquiring it.
China has produced about 350 such aircraft since they entered service in 2005, according to Military Factory.
The aircraft has a single crew and is used by China and Pakistan and is designed for aerial combat missions with a variety of weapons.
Turkey to replace F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Photos & Videos
What are the technical specifications of the J-10?
Length: 15.5 meters.
Distance between wings: 9.7 meters.
Height: 4.7 meters.
Weight of empty aircraft: 9.7 tons.
The total weight of the aircraft is 18.5 tons.
Speed: 2,336 km / h.
Altitude: 20,000 meters.
Range: 1800 kilometers.
What is the arming of the J-10?
The Chinese J-10 has six under-wing and five under-hull external suspension points that allow it to carry a large external payload of weapons, including air-to-air missiles, laser-guided bombs and other types of conventional bombs, as well as a 23 mm internal machine gun.
There are several versions of the aircraft, some with one seat and others with two seats for training tasks, including:
The J-10A is a single-seat multirole fighter.
J-10B: Marine version with twin-engine engines.
J-10C: An upgraded version of the B version with an electronic radar and infrared guidance system for missiles.
© AFP 2023 / WANG ZHAO Chinese J-10 fighter
The Chinese J-10 fighter.
The J-10C is an upgraded export version, which Turkey may acquire as a replacement for the U.S. F-16 fighter jets.
Earlier, a Turkish presidential official said Ankara was expected to abandon the U.S. F-16 fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative in the Chinese J-10 signal.
© SputnikWhat are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
What are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
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What is the price of J-10 Fighter that China exports?

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?

However, no formal J-10 sales to Turkey or other states have been finalized.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Media and analysts have noted the J-10C’s rapid evolution, highlighting that it is now positioned as a true peer to Western contemporaries in terms of sensors, avionics, networked warfare, and affordability.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

While earlier export efforts were hampered by reliability and engine concerns, recent upgrades have addressed these issues, increasing the jet’s credibility and appeal.

Title:

Content: If the J-20 is China ’ s top and most popular fighter, then the J-10C should be given the most expectations, because the CCP believes it is a more competitive fighter in the international arms market in recent years. Although the J-10 was designed in the 1980s, after many improvements and upgrades, it has spawned at least 11 models, and its export model, the J-10C, has gradually opened up the international market. There was a lot of praise in the beginning.
Foreign military analysts believe that after continuous upgrading, the J-10 fighter will be able to use by the 2040s, becoming the United States F-15's most powerful competitor.
The initial design was a 3rd generation fighter architecture, but the constantly upgraded J-10 series has been included in the 4th generation fighter by many experts, it has more than 11 mounting points under the fuselage and wing, and can carry an astonishing number of weapons, including laser-guided missiles, GPS-guided and glide bombs, as well as general air-to-air and ground attack ammunition.
The J-10 was designed by Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (611) and manufactured by Chengdu Aircraft Company. It was designed in the 1990s, when the PLA developed its own fighter aircraft with a program called the "Destroying Project Plan". It was the No. 10 project, hence the name J-10.
The original concept was to extensively use the technology of the 1980s US F-15 and F-16 fighter aircraft and new fighter manufacturing concepts. The chief designer was Song Wenchong, which first flew in 1998 and entered service in 2003.
With a range of 2,500 kilometers and a payload of 1.9 tons, the J-10 has appeared in at least 11 types of aircraft after years of modification on this basis, making it the largest number of derivative aircraft in China.
According to the British Institute for International Strategic Studies (IISS) estimates, the Chinese air force currently has at least 540 J-10s, which can be assembled on a large scale to deal with super large battles.
The "Global Defense" website has carefully analyzed the latest J-10 upgrade to a phased array radar, which can control multiple modes of fire control radar and track 10 targets at the same time. If it is a semi-active radar, it can attack 2 targets at the same time, and if it is an active radar, it can attack 4 targets at the same time.
Analysis pointed out that the ability to track and attack multiple targets at the same time is very important for modern aircraft, and this ability can also be matched to the AN / APG-63 (V1) radar on the F-15.
Later, Boeing again updated the active phased array radar version of the F-15, allowing the F-15 to follow 14 targets simultaneously and attack six of them simultaneously.
This upgrade is said to maintain a nominal advantage over the J-10 fighter that has replaced the active phased array radar.
The upgrade of the J-10 is also the most noteworthy, including the replacement of its domestic engine WS-10B, and the 2018 Zhuhai Air Show was also the first time that the J-10B was equipped with a thrust vector jet engine for a difficult flight performance, which won the attention of many international media and heated discussion on the Internet.
Since then, the WS-10 engine has gradually replaced the Russian AL-31 engine, and some of the J-20 fighters have been switched to the WS-10.
In addition, military experts also noted that the new version of the J-10 also uses a water drop type cockpit cover, allowing the pilot to have a wider and nearly 360-degree all-round view.
Analysts believe that after the radar, fire control, avionics, cockpit covers and engines have been upgraded, the J-10 has the ability to fly into the 2040s, and in recent years began to complete transactions in the international market, proving that nearly 20 years of continuous upgrading and improvement has achieved considerable results, and will also become a very strong international competitor for the United States F-15 fighter.
However, to compare the F-15 with the J-10, some people may think that it is not fair.
Because the F-15 architecture was determined in the late 1960s, it first flew in the early 1970s; in contrast, the J-10 was determined in the early 1980s, and it first flew in the late 1990s.
The theoretical basis of the original design is more than 10 years apart, and the final design is more than 20 years apart.
From the design background difference analysis, the F-15 is a high thrust ratio, low wing load, low resistance high-speed air superiority fighter designed by the US military according to the experience of the Vietnam War and the failure of the F-4 Phantom fighter. Air and ground attack aircraft.
Therefore, some analysts believe that if we want to compare, J-10 may be more suitable to take the F-16 as the target.
Coupled with the tense situation in the Taiwan Strait in recent years, there are more and more people are more concerned about the comparison of the J-10 and Taiwan's main air force fighter F-16.
Source: Headlines Revealed on Facebook.com
# J-10 # fighter # J-20 # F-15 # Chengdu Aircraft Company

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

The J-10C is consistently cited for its competitive performance, low costs, and growing role as a pillar of China’s export ambitions.

What has China said about its J-10C Fighter?

It is the most competitive fighter jet in the international arms market in recent years.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter


Saharan dust storms, recurring atmospheric events, significantly influence weather, air quality, and daily life in the southern United States, including San Antonio, Texas.

These storms transport millions of tons of mineral-rich dust annually from the Sahara Desert across the Atlantic, regularly affecting Texas and neighboring regions, especially during late spring through early fall.

The dust manifests as persistent haze, frequently resulting in diminished visibility and a milky appearance in the sky.

It can also intensify the coloring of sunrises and sunsets, while reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the ground.

In terms of local temperature, the dust sometimes provides a temporary cooling effect by reflecting sunlight back into space, although this is accompanied by a general decrease in solar radiation at the surface .

From a public health perspective, Saharan dust events regularly elevate airborne particulate matter (PM10), leading to increased allergies and respiratory issues, particularly among sensitive populations such as asthmatics and the elderly.

The dust can carry metals and microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, though there is uncertainty about their infectious potential after long-distance transit.

Health authorities frequently observe spikes in allergy and asthma complaints during these events, and air quality can decline to thresholds that pose risks for at-risk groups .

Beyond its negative impacts, Saharan dust delivers nutrients such as iron and phosphorus, benefitting distant ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest and supporting marine food webs through fertilization of ocean plankton .

It can also suppress hurricane and thunderstorm formation over the Atlantic by reducing atmospheric moisture, sometimes leading to quieter hurricane seasons .

In rare, severe episodes, air intake systems and electrical infrastructure could be compromised by particulate buildup.

Saharan dust storms, recurring atmospheric events, significantly influence weather, air quality, and daily life in the southern United States, including San Antonio, Texas.

Title:

Content: Dust storms.
sources and danger.
|
At the beginning of this year's spring season, the incidence of dust storms increased significantly.
Their frequency varies from year to year, but generally increases in the transitional periods between seasons, especially spring and autumn, for many reasons, some natural and others of a human nature, that is, by man.
Dust storms are fast winds that transport dust and plankton, causing a lack of visibility at short distances.
Despite the great controversy over the causes of dust or dust storms and the fact that the camel bears full responsibility for their occurrence, as stated in one of the videos circulated on social media, the reasons are not limited to the poor camel alone, even if it is one of the reasons!
The causes of dust storms are many, including: (1) Desertification as a result of drought resulting from low rainfall.
(2) Desertification due to human activities associated with overgrazing as a result of increasing numbers of camels and sheep on pasture capacity.
(3) Extensive agricultural activities, especially ploughing the land and leaving it exposed for long periods.
(4) Soil movement as a result of development and military actions and absurd car tracks in deserts that led to the breaking and dismantling of the soil and the destruction of vegetation cover.
(5) The reduction of the surface groundwater table, which led to the drying of the soil and thus the impact on the vegetation cover.
Globally, sub-Saharan Africa is the main contributor to Earth ’ s dust storms, which travel to the Americas via the Atlantic Ocean via tropical east winds.
But the Fertile Crescent has also become a source of dust, due to the halving of agricultural production as a result of climate change.
Iraq is one of the sources of dust storms as a result of the decline of the level of rivers, which led to the drought of the marshes and lakes in Iraq and Iran, and add to the list of sources open deserts of the Kingdom, which suffer environmental degradation as a result of human tampering of unfair grazing and wood and the like.
Dust storms are one of the factors responsible for increased allergic reactions, asthma attacks and chronic breathing problems, as well as blood vessels and heart disease.
Dust storms are also carriers of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, germs and viruses that cause certain diseases.
Besides, dust storms have economic effects, they adversely affect agricultural production by transporting agricultural pests, reducing photosynthetic activity, destroying crops, as well as affecting infrastructure, by reducing visibility, disrupting energy and air and road transport systems, burying railways, as well as contributing to the deterioration of the performance of solar panels, as well as damaging residential property.
There is no doubt that dust storms and their increased frequency are a warning sign that requires a rapid response through a review of environmental regulations, the need to raise the environmental awareness of the population, the organization of grazing seasons based on the identification of the pastoral capacity of each region, as well as innovative solutions to mitigate desertification that benefit from tremendous technical progress.
Finally, it follows from the above that the problem is not country-specific, but a regional problem that requires concerted efforts.
The Green Middle East initiative by Prince Mohammed bin Salman is designed to design innovative solutions to address climate change and promote environmental sustainability through a number of projects, including: planting 50 billion trees across the Middle East region and reclaiming 200 million hectares of degraded land through afforestation, which contributes to a 2.5 per cent reduction in global carbon emissions.
Publish it.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

These storms transport millions of tons of mineral-rich dust annually from the Sahara Desert across the Atlantic, regularly affecting Texas and neighboring regions, especially during late spring through early fall.

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

The dust manifests as persistent haze, frequently resulting in diminished visibility and a milky appearance in the sky.

Title:

Content: Hurricane Killer? Here are some things you may not know about Saharan dust

Dust from Africa moves across the Atlantic every year from late spring to early fall

It’s a common visitor in the summer months: dust from the Saharan Desert. Hazy skies and occasional allergies are common issues caused by the dust. But did you know that this layer of dust is more interesting than it appears? Here are some things you may not know about Saharan dust:

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Millions of tons of dust are transported across the Atlantic every year
  • Nutrient-rich Saharan dust plays a crucial role in the global ecosystem
  • Dust suppresses hurricane development

WHOLE LOTTA DUST!

Every year, from late spring to early fall, trade winds transport 180 million tons of dust from the Saharan Desert across the Atlantic Ocean. Impressively, that’s as much as 4.5 million 18-wheelers full of dust!

NATURE’S BEST FRIEND

Saharan dust is often rich in nutrients like iron and phosphorus. As the dust settles over the ocean, it fertilizes algae and plankton, allowing them to grow and flourish in an otherwise barren environment. These organisms are vital sources of food for ocean life.

Similarly, as the dust settles over land, areas like the Amazon rainforest benefit from the extra nutrients.

HURRICANE EXTINGUISHER

The African dust that moves across the Atlantic Ocean is also called the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). The SAL occurs in waves at the same time as Atlantic hurricane season, from June through November.

It’s known that the SAL limits hurricane development and strength. This is because tropical storms like hurricanes need deep, rich moisture from the surface to the top of the atmosphere to survive. Since the air carrying Saharan dust is usually dry, it can prevent storms from forming and suppress existing storms from growing and strengthening.

DUST’S IMPACT ON TEXAS

While a dense plume of dust sometimes causes minor allergy-like symptoms for some, the most noticeable impact is on Texas skies. A haze often forms on the horizon, giving an ordinarily clear, blue sky a milky hue during the day.

At sunrise and sunset, the horizon can appear brilliantly orange because, with dust in the air, sunlight has more particles to bounce off.

About the Author

Sarah Spivey is a San Antonio native who grew up watching KSAT. She has been a proud member of the KSAT Weather Authority Team since 2017. Sarah is a Clark High School and Texas A&M University graduate. She previously worked at KTEN News. When Sarah is not busy forecasting, she enjoys hanging out with her husband and cat, and playing music.

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How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

It can also intensify the coloring of sunrises and sunsets, while reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the ground.

Title:

Content: News

Heat relief heading for NY — other parts of US aren’t as lucky

After soaring temperatures baked the Big Apple this week, New Yorkers will see some relief in the coming days while other parts of the country won’t be so lucky.

“After a couple of toasty days up here in the Northeast that I am glad are behind us, we’re back to about average,” Fox Weather meteorologist Christopher Tate told The Post Saturday.

The thermometer was in the mid-80s Saturday afternoon, though high humidity helped the “real feel” temp reach as high as 99 degrees in some parts of the city.

Temps should stay in the 80s for the next few days, flirting with 90 degrees later in the week in the five boroughs, Tate said.

But summer thunderstorms will provide some relief.

Central Park should see a couple of heavy thunderstorms overnight and on Sunday. A flash flood alert is in effect for the Northeast due to rainfall forecast from Sunday through Tuesday.

Around New York City, the greatest risk of flooding will be from Sunday evening to early Monday, according to AccuWeather.

“I wouldn’t be surprised if we see an occasional report here or there of some standing water causing some issues or maybe some drains getting backed up but it shouldn’t be anything major,” said Tate.

Monday should be clearer, but Tate couldn’t promise there won’t be some thunder.

The southeastern United States, which experienced a blistering heat wave this week, will also get some relief, but at the expense of severe storm threats and a cold front rolling through.

The deadly heat throughout the Desert Southwest, however, will drag on, with 110-plus degree heat stretching past two weeks.

“They’re setting up for what could be one of the longest stretches of 110-degree or higher high temperatures, potentially even on record,” said Tate. “That would get them into territory where they would rival past heat waves, even by Southwest standards.”

Hot air is less dense than cold air, Tate explained, which could impact air travel in the area because it is harder to lift planes.

“Southwestern airports, notably including Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport may have difficulties getting especially large aircraft off the ground,” he said.

And while it might feel like the Sahara in parts of the country, Florida is actually getting a piece of the African desert. A layer of Saharan dust is settling on the state, caused by strong winds that carry small sand particles from the Saharan Desert far across the Atlantic Ocean, the Miami Herald reported.

While it can make for colorful sunsets, it can be harmful to people with asthma and other respiratory issues.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

In terms of local temperature, the dust sometimes provides a temporary cooling effect by reflecting sunlight back into space, although this is accompanied by a general decrease in solar radiation at the surface .

Title:

Content: Dust storms from the Sahara desert spread invisible allergens around the world
Science and Technology
Copy Link https: / / en.rt.com / x903
Many blame pollen when the allergy season begins, but there are “invisible travelers ” coming from the Sahara and Sahel region, who may be the cause of this allergy.
The huge dust plumes, which originate thousands of miles away in sub-Saharan Africa, travel by dust storms around the world every summer, carrying a mix of pollutants and potential pathogens across continents.
Dr. Shankar Chilam, a professor at Texas A & M University, led the task of understanding the biological movers within dust storms.
He and his team are working to identify microbes, specifically bacteria and fungi, that migrate with dust and explore their potential impact on human health.
Dr. Chillam ’ s research uniquely addresses how desert dust storms introduced these microbes into North America.
Dr Chillam and his team analysed samples of desert dust that arrived in Houston in 2018, measuring minerals, bacteria and fungi to check for any links.
Surprisingly, their findings revealed strong links between microbial biodiversity and specific elements, especially calcium.
While these elements occur naturally in the Sahara Desert, they are also found in local North American environments.
Identifying the exact source and payload of the dust remains a challenge that scientists continue to face.
Perhaps the most surprising discovery is that even seemingly lifeless dust clouds are full of biological activity.
High-tech DNA analysis allowed the team to create a reservoir of bacteria and fungi, even if the microbes themselves were not active.
Surprisingly, they found traces of several pathogens known to cause disease in humans, according to the World Health Organization.
Dr Daniel Spalink, an assistant professor at Texas A & M University, warns: “This doesn ’ t tell us whether they will be able to infect us and make us sick, but at least the DNA of many pathogenic bacteria and fungi has been identified in African dust. ”
Climate change is changing weather patterns globally.
This shift affects the behavior of dust storms, leading to differences in their frequency and severity.
The dust storm in the Sahara travels far beyond the borders of North America, affecting global ecosystems in profound ways.
The dust, which originates from the vast Sahara desert, is released on transcontinental journeys that affect climate, ocean biology and ecosystems far from its source.
As it travels across oceans and continents, desert dust reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth ’ s surface.
This natural phenomenon acts as a counterbalance to the greenhouse effects of greenhouse gases, illustrating how desert dust can affect global temperatures.
Dust also carries microorganisms and nutrients, such as phosphorus, which fertilises remote ecosystems, from the Amazon rainforest to the Caribbean Sea, demonstrating complex nutrient cycles in nature.
Ocean biology also benefits from nutrient-rich dust.
When desert dust settles on ocean waters, it provides essential minerals that stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that form the basis of the oceanic food chain and support a variety of marine life.
Thus, the flow of food from the Sahara could boost marine productivity, affecting fish populations and the global fishing industry.
But the effect of desert dust is not always beneficial, and in ecosystems unusual for the flow of foreign particles and nutrients, the dust can disrupt local environments.For example, excessive dust deposition can strangle corals, block sunlight and hinder photosynthesis.
Moreover, the health effects of desert dust extend across continents, where dust not only carries nutrients but also contaminants and pathogens that can affect air quality and public health.
Communities in the path of these dust plumes may face increased respiratory problems, allergies and diseases, highlighting the need for surveillance and global health preparedness.
Source: earth.com
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What are the positive effects of Saharan dust on the environment?

reflects sunlight back into space
cools the Earth's atmosphere

From a public health perspective, Saharan dust events regularly elevate airborne particulate matter (PM10), leading to increased allergies and respiratory issues, particularly among sensitive populations such as asthmatics and the elderly.

Title:

Content: 03-27-2024

Sahara desert dust storms carry harmful bacteria and fungi around the globe

We often dismiss springtime allergies as reactions to local pollen. Yet, something else might cause our sniffles and sneezes: a massive dust storms that originate thousands of miles away in Africa’s Sahara region.

These gargantuan dust plumes travel the globe every summer, carrying a cocktail of pollutants and potential pathogens across continents.

Dr. Shankar Chellam, a Texas A&M University professor is leading the charge to understand the biological hitchhikers within dust storms.

He and his team are working to determine what microbes, specifically bacteria and fungi, migrate with the dust and explore their potential impact on human health.

Hidden passengers in Sahara dust

“We all get allergies and potentially other more severe health effects when we breathe in dust, and it’s not fully known as to what causes those allergies,” said Dr. Chellam.

“Some people may think it is just the sand or clay minerals in the dust. Others think it is the metals or organics in the dust, and then some think it’s the bacteria and fungi.”

The Saharan dust cloud carries vast amounts of sand particles that transport bacteria and fungi.

Dr. Chellam’s research uniquely addresses how Saharan dust storms introduce these microbes into North America.

What the dust storm from Sahara tells us

Dr. Chellam and his team analyzed samples from a Saharan dust event that reached Houston in 2018. They measured metals, bacteria, and fungi to investigate any connections.

Fascinatingly, their findings revealed strong links between the biodiversity of the microbes and specific elements, especially calcium.

While these elements occur naturally in the Sahara, they also exist in our local environments. Pinpointing the exact origin of the dust and its cargo remains a challenge that scientists continue to tackle.

Our air – Not as empty as we think

Perhaps the most startling discovery is that even seemingly lifeless clouds of dust brim with biological activity.

“A key takeaway from this study is that a lot of biodiversity is not scientifically described. It doesn’t have a name, it can’t be cultured, and because it can’t be cultured, it’s difficult to study,” explained Dr. Daniel Spalink, assistant professor at Texas A&M.

The team’s high-tech DNA analysis allowed them to create an inventory of bacteria and fungi, even if the microbes themselves weren’t active.

Surprisingly, they found traces of several pathogens known to cause disease in humans, as listed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

“It doesn’t tell us if they are going to be able to infect us and make us sick,” Spalink cautions, “But at least the DNA of several pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified in the African dust.”

Impact of climate change on Sahara dust

Climate change is altering weather patterns globally. This transformation affects dust storm behavior, leading to variations in their frequency and intensity.

In 2020, the United States experienced the most massive Saharan dust storm ever recorded, which experts named “Godzilla.”

This event highlighted the potential for increasing occurrences of such dust invasions. “The whole dynamics of the Saharan dust coming to Houston is primarily driven by atmospheric processes,” said Dr. Sourav Das, a former student of Dr. Chellam.

Global connection of Sahara dust

Sahara dust storm travels far beyond the borders of North America, affecting global environmental systems in profound ways.

This dust, originating from the vast Sahara Desert, embarks on transcontinental journeys that influence climate, ocean biology, and ecosystems far removed from its source.

The Saharan dust plays a critical role in climate regulation. As it travels across oceans and continents, it reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth’s surface.

This natural phenomenon acts as a counterbalance to the warming effects of greenhouse gases, showcasing how desert dust can influence global temperatures.

However, the dust also carries microorganisms and nutrients, such as phosphorus, that fertilize remote ecosystems, from the Amazon rainforest to the Caribbean Sea, demonstrating nature’s complex nutrient cycles.

Benefits to oceans

Ocean biology benefits from the nutrient-rich dust as well. When Saharan dust settles on ocean waters, it delivers essential minerals that stimulate the growth of phytoplankton.

These microscopic plants form the foundation of the oceanic food chain, supporting a diverse array of marine life.

The influx of nutrients from the Sahara can thus boost marine productivity, affecting fish populations and the global fishing industry.

Disadvantages

The impact of Saharan dust is not universally beneficial. In ecosystems unaccustomed to the influx of foreign particles and nutrients, the dust can disrupt local environments.

For example, excessive dust deposition can smother coral reefs, blocking sunlight and hindering photosynthesis. This can stress coral ecosystems, leading to bleaching events and loss of biodiversity.

Moreover, the health implications of Saharan dust extend across continents. The dust carries not only nutrients but also pollutants and pathogens that can affect air quality and public health.

Communities in the path of these dust plumes may experience increased respiratory issues, allergies, and diseases, highlighting the need for global health monitoring and preparedness.

Study insights

It’s crucial to gather data across multiple dust events, spanning many years, to get a clearer picture of these airborne microbial communities and how they might transform over time.

While a lot remains unknown, research like this shines a spotlight on the hidden travelers swirling in the air we breathe — travelers who might be affecting our health in surprising ways.

The next time you catch a glimpse of a dust storm rolling in, remember the globe-trotting microbes it carries!

The findings of the study are published in Environmental Science & Technology.

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How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

The dust can carry metals and microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, though there is uncertainty about their infectious potential after long-distance transit.

Health authorities frequently observe spikes in allergy and asthma complaints during these events, and air quality can decline to thresholds that pose risks for at-risk groups .

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Beyond its negative impacts, Saharan dust delivers nutrients such as iron and phosphorus, benefitting distant ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest and supporting marine food webs through fertilization of ocean plankton .

What are the positive effects of Saharan dust on the environment?

delivers essential minerals for phytoplankton

carries microorganisms and nutrients that act as fertilizer

It can also suppress hurricane and thunderstorm formation over the Atlantic by reducing atmospheric moisture, sometimes leading to quieter hurricane seasons .

Title:

Content: Hurricane center begins tracking a system in the Caribbean

·2 min read

ORLANDO, Fla. — The National Hurricane Center has been jumping around the last few days tracking short-lived systems with the potential to form into a tropical depression or storm. Late Monday, the NHC began looking at the Caribbean Sea.

As of the NHC’s 8 p.m. Eastern time tropical update, a tropical wave located in the central Caribbean is forecast to move across Central America and emerge over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico where it could develop into the season’s next named system.

“Some gradual development of this system is possible thereafter as it moves slowly to the northwest or north-northwest over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico by this weekend,” said NHC hurricane specialist Philippe Papin.

The NHC gives the system a 20% chance of formation in the next five days.

The Caribbean system follows the NHC keeping track of a broad trough of low pressure in the mid-Atlantic late Sunday, but its chances of formation dropped to 0% by Monday morning. Over the weekend, the NHC tracked a system in the Gulf of Mexico, but it failed to form into more than a spate of showers and thunderstorms that drenched southeastern Texas. Before that, a system off the African coast showed some signs of development before environmental factors snuffed its chances.

Part of the reason for what prevents tropical storm development is the dry conditions in the Atlantic. A large migration of African dust, the Saharan Air Layer, or SAL, is the main reason tropical moisture isn’t at the ideal level for development. Large dust plumes are still pushing west of Africa and into the Caribbean, preventing the Atlantic basin from becoming a hurricane nursery, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s SAL forecast shows.

Hurricane season is approaching its peak, which runs from mid-August to mid-October, with Sept. 10 recorded as the statistically most productive day of storms in the tropics.

So far, the 2022 season has seen three named storms: Alex, Bonnie and Colin. Based on historical averages, the fourth named storm of the year typically appears by Aug. 15. If a system were to emerge, it would receive the name Danielle.

Last week, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reaffirmed its preseason prediction of an above-average hurricane season with a range of 14 to 21 named storms. The NOAA expects most of those storms to emerge at the peak of the season.

Hurricane season ends on Nov. 30.

———

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

In rare, severe episodes, air intake systems and electrical infrastructure could be compromised by particulate buildup.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?