Many world languages incorporate English borrowings through media, technology, and globalization.

While English can be seen as a symbol of modernity and internationalization, governments and institutions often view widespread borrowings as a threat to linguistic and cultural identity.

France is exemplary in legal regulation, with the Loi Toubon (1994) mandating that French be used by public authorities and businesses in official communications and commercial signage whenever a French equivalent exists.

Courts have enforced these rules, and advocacy groups proactively challenge Anglicisms in public life, as seen in rulings requiring the replacement of official English names in digital services.

Dubbing foreign media into French was historically required by policy to shield against English influence, though streaming platforms have introduced more original-language options recently, highlighting evolving challenges .

In Russia, regulations codify Russian as the primary state language, banning Anglicisms in official, educational, and business contexts where Russian equivalents are available.

Committees generate dictionaries of permissible words, and regional governments further mandate Russian-only signage for businesses.

These legal measures reflect both linguistic nationalism and resistance to perceived Western encroachment.

Nonetheless, their effectiveness is debated, especially for technical terms and everyday informal speech .

Italy has mulled similar laws, seeking to prohibit English and foreign terminology in official contexts by imposing substantial fines, as part of a nationalist strategy to affirm Italian cultural sovereignty .

Japan and Korea lack strict anti-borrowing laws but actively campaign for language purity.

Japan's language councils and media debates address "Wasei-Eigo" and propose native alternatives, while Korea's National Institute of the Korean Language invents Korean replacements and leads public campaigns.

Many world languages incorporate English borrowings through media, technology, and globalization.

Title:

Content: In Russia, they are determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings
The Russian language is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
© Video: TRK "Zvezda" © Photo: TRK "Zvezda"
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Store, Department, Home and other foreign words in the names of shops, cafes and restaurants in Krasnodar soon will not be.
The Cuban capital decided to abandon all foreign names.
The Cuban authorities obliged entrepreneurs to translate business into Russian.
“A sign in a foreign language or using transliteration or a sign in Russian has a big difference.
In part of the fact that 100% of our population can read, understand the sign in Russian.
And many, by ignorance and age, do not even understand what is written on these signs, ” said the chief architect of Krasnodar Artem Salamatin.
So far, the business has been given time until September 1.
But many entrepreneurs are ready to change now.
“Everything will be in Russian.
We will translate the site into Russian.
We'll change everything.
With pleasure, ” entrepreneur Hovhannes Hovhannisyan shared.
Words borrowed from foreign languages became an integral part of Russian many centuries ago.
Massive in our speech, they appeared in different iconic historical periods.
For example, the Mongol invasion.
And after the Patriotic War of 1812 - there were a lot of gallicisms, that is, French words.
Now in conversations predominate borrowing from English.
“We began to use foreign words very actively in areas where such activity had not been observed before.
First of all, it is the public sphere.
Social sphere.
Where actually came a lot of foreign words ”, – said the Chairman of the Association of teachers of literature and Russian language Lyudmila Dudova.
Russia is now determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings.
President Vladimir Putin recently signed a law “on mandatory observance of the norms of the modern Russian language when using it as a state language. ”
What specific rules are we talking about?
It's not clear yet.
They are compiled by a special government commission.
“The normative dictionary of the Russian language will be a single consistent comprehensive publication, which will be formed on the basis of dictionaries of the Russian language.
Interpretive, spelling, ” explained Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Tatiana Vasilyeva.
Thus, foreign words should disappear as much as possible from all official documents.
In addition, officials should not use anglicisms and other borrowings during public speeches and generally avoid them in their speech.
“There are so many wonderful and beautiful words in the Russian language.
But why then instead of the word mentor we say coach.
Well, it doesn't sound.
It seems to me that we need to get rid of such words that are imposed, ” said Lyudmila Skakovskaya, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Science, Education and Culture.
This law, according to officials, should protect the Russian language from attacks from abroad, where they have long been trying to abolish all Russian.
But now these sentiments have intensified even more.
The Kiev regime has long declared war on our culture and heritage.
Throughout the country, the monument to Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is being demolished, because it is he who is considered the creator of the modern literary Russian language.
And it was the language issue that became one of the main reasons for the bloody confrontation in the East of Ukraine in 2014.
Residents of Donbass then did not agree with the nationalists, they did not refuse the Russian language.
“They use the term underdogs.
All these years, when the Maidan happened, they etched Russian in the Donbass, for them it is a symbol of communication.
The Russian world is hysterical.
What connects the Russian world?
The Russian language, ” said political scientist Yuri Svetov.
The fact that our language and culture need protection is also said by the leaders of other neighboring states.
During the autumn meeting of the heads of the CIS countries in Astana, the President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called on his colleagues to create an organization for the protection of the Russian language.
“Our idea is to create an international organization in the image and likeness of the UN.
Using the positive experience of Francophonie.
The headquarters of which is located in Paris, ” said President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
Rossotrudnichestvo recently conducted its own study abroad, which showed that openly Russophobic sentiments are present only among politicians.
But ordinary people continue to willingly learn our language and culture.
According to the United Nations, Russian is spoken by 258 million people worldwide.
It is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
Abroad, Dostoevsky, Pushkin and other Russian classics are also read.
Expert opinion and analytics
Read more
read below the following news

While English can be seen as a symbol of modernity and internationalization, governments and institutions often view widespread borrowings as a threat to linguistic and cultural identity.

France is exemplary in legal regulation, with the Loi Toubon (1994) mandating that French be used by public authorities and businesses in official communications and commercial signage whenever a French equivalent exists.

Title:

Content: Advertisement

New Liberal English language critic says he feels the angst in the community

Quebec's political parties are bracing for a fall language debate with the Liberals changing their point person for the English-speaking community. David Birnbaum will replace Greg Kelley in the strategic role.

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QUEBEC — David Birnbaum knows the road ahead will not be an easy one.

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As Quebec braces for a fresh debate about language this fall at the National Assembly — one that the English-speaking community would have preferred to avoid — the veteran Liberal anglophone MNA says he knows all about the mood out there.

“There’s no underestimating the level of concern and anger in the English-speaking community,” Birnbaum said in an interview with the Montreal Gazette. “I hear about it quite constantly.

“It’s my responsibility to make sure that anger is channelled and heard and addressed with transparency, courage and honesty. At the end of the day there are always compromises necessary but those compromises have to be respectful of the two pillars I mentioned.

“Can both play their full role? The promotion and strength of the French language and the continued and legitimate place of the English speaking community and its rights to its services in its language.”

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Birnbaum last week found himself thrust back into the hot seat of minority issues when Liberal leader Dominique Anglade shuffled her shadow cabinet of caucus critics to prepare for the 2022 general election.

Out as the opposition critic for relations with English-speaking Quebecers is Jacques-Cartier Gregory Kelley. In to replace him is Birnbaum, the MNA for D’Arcy-McGee who also retains his role as critic for mental health issues.

Liberal officials said Friday that Kelley was moved so he can spend more time on his other major portfolio: Indigenous affairs.

First elected in 2014, Birnbaum, 65, is no stranger to the themes on the table, from access to services in English to calls for a beefing up of language laws.

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Before being elected the MNA for D’Arcy-McGee, Birnbaum worked 10 years as director-general of the old anglophone lobby group, Alliance Quebec, plus another 10 as director-general of the Quebec English School Boards Association (QESBA).

He steps into the role just as the language debate roars to life. A committee of the legislature will hold hearings into the Coalition Avenir Québec government’s proposed overhaul of the Charter of the French Language, Bill 96.

Those hearings start Sept. 21.

The Liberal opposition critic for the French language is Hélène David. At the hearings she will have the main job of questioning the minister responsible for French, Simon Jolin-Barrette, on the part of the official Liberal opposition, but Birnbaum will have a place at the committee table too.

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The Bill 96 debate puts the Liberals in an awkward position: desperate to defend French to rebuild fences with francophone Quebecers while not irritating its traditional loyal base of English-speaking voters.

The Liberals are trying to play it both ways, presenting in April their own 27-point language reform package which, in some respects, mirrors ideas in the CAQ’s own bill.

On the other hand, the Liberal policy paper also reaches out to English-speaking Quebecers by saying the party will defend their right to services.

“Before (the CAQ) tabled their bill, the Liberal Party put forth detailed and inclusive proposals that balance the two imperatives: the place of our community and our role to secure and promote the French language,” Birnbaum said.

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“The CAQ doesn’t seem to worry about the English-speaking side of that imperative. We do.

“We’ve worked to build bridges. I don’t think the CAQ even has that on its list, to look for that common ground. They get to a bridge and look at destroying it. So our approaches are radically different. The job is really tough but our community has got to be heard.”

Birnbaum described Bill 96 as “deeply flawed,” a view shared by English lobby groups such as the Quebec Community Groups Network. Birnbaum said the Liberals will be seeking “serious and substantive” amendments to the proposed bill as the adoption process unfolds.

Birnbaum said he too has heard complaints from the English community that it is under-represented among the groups presenting briefs to the committee. Of the 52 people and organizations to be heard over the nine days of hearings, only three represent the anglophone community.

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Also excluded is QESBA plus the new language lobby, the Task Force on Linguistic Policy being organized by Cowansville lawyer Colin Standish.

The hearings are expected to become a kind of tug-of-war between groups that think the bill goes too far and those that think it does not go far enough.

Birnbaum said he is disappointed the group is not more diverse but defended his party from hardline anglophone critics who say the Liberals have gone too far down the nationalist path with the CAQ in its zeal to gain francophone support.

Birnbaum said the Liberals remain the only party in the legislature defending and balancing the need to protect French and the English-speaking community at the same time.

“They (in the CAQ) are not balancing two priorities,” Birnbaum said. “They should be. They are the government of Quebec.”

pauthier@postmedia.com

twitter.com/philpauthier

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Courts have enforced these rules, and advocacy groups proactively challenge Anglicisms in public life, as seen in rulings requiring the replacement of official English names in digital services.

Title:

Content: French court orders French government not to use English labels
Cairo - Center Gate Monday 24 October 2022, 10: 35 am
The French judiciary banned the government from using the English label "Health data hub" in any communication materials related to the government health data center, and ordered it, following a review by the Association for the Defense of the Francophonie, to use the French synonym.
On October 20, the Paris Administrative Court issued a decision requiring the Ministry of Health to “withdraw the expression Health Data Hub (HDH) from all communication channels aimed at the French public on the national territory by April 20, 2023, ” according to AFP.
Association for the Defense of Francophonie
The Francophonie Avenir submitted a review to the administrative court seeking to prevent the state from using English terms such as “Choose France ”,“ French Tech ” or “French Impact ” in compliance with the 1994 French Language Defense Law.
This law prohibits any public entity from using a “foreign expression or term ” in a trademark or name created by it, once there is a synonym in French.
With regard to the Health Data Center, the Administrative Court of Paris noted that each of the three terms in the English label "Health Data Hub" had "a translation approved by the French Language Enrichment Commission", which was later published in the Official Gazette.
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Dubbing foreign media into French was historically required by policy to shield against English influence, though streaming platforms have introduced more original-language options recently, highlighting evolving challenges .

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Content: Advertisement

Film For Members

Explained: France's passion for dubbing films

The Local France - [email protected]

Historically France has been known for its enthusiastic dubbing of movies, but times are changing and streaming has led to more people watching subtitled original versions - although it might be too early to say adieu to French dubbing stars.

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In amongst the tributes pouring in for the American actor Matthew Perry was one that might have surprised non-French people.

"It is an immense sadness" - the emotion of Emmanuel Curtil, French voice of Matthew Perry.

While hardly a household name, Emmanuel Curtil has a voice familiar to any French fan of Friends - as he dubbed Mathhew Perry's Chandler Bing into French.

You can check out his work here.

In fact, as is common in the dubbing industry, Curtil voiced all of Perry's roles in their French translation.

Likewise when voice actor Patrick Poivey died in 2020, social media overflowed with tributes.

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While those who aren't French might think "Poivey who?", to French audiences he was a superstar - dubbing iconic actors such as Bruce Willis, Mickey Rourke and Kevin Costner.

The reaction might seem peculiar to foreigners, but the dubbing tradition has long been firmly rooted in France's cinema culture.

But as streaming platforms take over more and more of the screen time in France, some fear the curtain will fall over the French dubbing industry as more people get used to watching subtitled versions of films rather than the dubbed VF (version française).

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Dubbing is the norm

France, along with Spain, Italy and Germany, is one of the EU countries that dubs the most of its foreign programmes.

Reader Question: Can you avoid seeing a dubbed film in French cinemas?

With streaming making it easier to watch a show in its original language and sometimes allowing early access to new releases that haven't been translated yet, will it mean the end of the dubbing industry?

"I don't think there is a debate," Anthony Panetto, a dubbing artist and secretary of the ATAA (association of translators/adapters of the audio-visual), told The Local.

"In fact, multi-lingual versions on TV have been available for 15 years in France, and more recently on platforms, and the dubbing industry is still strong."

During the pandemic, Netflix France considered it was important to explain to the French public why dubbed versions of several of its programmes were missing.

In a tweet, the company explained that dubbing companies were closed due to the Covid-19 crisis, and that it chose to offer the possibility to watch the shows and films with subtitles rather "than nothing at all".

"We want you to know that as soon as we'll be able to add the missing VF, we will do it," tweeted the company.

Dubbing does seem popular, yet as of today, there haven't been any official surveys on the number of viewers who choose to watch the dubbed version over the original version.

“We are trying to organise with other bodies to ask for a study with numbers regarding the relation between the original version and the dubbed version,” said Panetto.

“Until recently, it was considered that 90 percent of the population watched a show in French, but that subtitled original versions were becoming more popular,” he said.

And while many actors remain in the shadows, some have been gaining more and more esteem with the ATAA’s Award Ceremony, which acknowledges the work of these behind the scenes translators and voice actors, with Manga or TV show fairs where voice actors can meet the public.

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“With the internet and social media, voice actors are coming into the limelight because the ‘voxophile’ community (voice actor fans) can reach out to them more easily,” said Panetto.

History

If many people in France prefer watching movies in French rather than English today, it is also a product of a deliberate government policy that sought to challenge the United State's post-war cultural hegemony.

"In 1949, to face Hollywood’s power and to boost its movie industry, France implemented a law which required a foreign movie to be dubbed in studios located in France in order to be released,” wrote filmmaker Thierry Le Nouvel in the book Le Doublage et ses métiers (Dubbing and its jobs) in 2007.

For decades, watching a movie in its original language was impossible in France.

“Over the years, our country became an expert with a unique savoir-faire, with the use of the rhythm band, which can be considered as ‘the expression of a real cultural exception’,” Le Nouvel wrote.

English skills at fault?

One reason the French still prefer dubbing today is linked to France's relatively weak English skills. According to the EF English Proficiency Index, France ranked 23rd out of the 33 European countries included in 2019.

Charlotte, 31, who used to watch her movies in French, recently decided to switch to original versions. “I realised that I was missing the emotions and that I wasn’t getting as much into the movie with the French versions,” she told The Local.

“I always watch a foreign programme in French and when it hasn’t been dubbed I watch it with subtitles,” Melina, 25, told The Local.

"I am not fluent enough in English to watch shows exclusively in English and it may be lame, but we don’t all have the chance to speak fluent English," she said.

A 2007 study showed that a programme aired with subtitles could result in a 30 percent decrease in audience numbers.

But even if someone's English is good enough, many French people still prefer to watch programmes in their mother tongue rather than in the original language.

“Some watch a programme in the original language because they think it’s cooler, but honestly watching it in French allows me to really look at the images instead of watching the subtitles, and to better immerse myself in the movie’s atmosphere,” Raphaël, 35, told The Local.

Paris vs. Regions

For years now, there has been a strong divide in France between those promoting movies in their original language and others promoting films dubbed in French.

In fact, people who watch a film dubbed in French are often considered as being lazy because they don’t want to read the subtitles or listen to a foreign language, while people who prefer movies in their original language consider subtitles or dubbing as being un-artistic.

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“In the 1930s, it was really difficult to watch subtitled movies outside of Paris, because of an official regulation which drastically limited the number of movie theatres that could show subtitled versions,” according to French audiovisual translator Jean-François Cornu in La Revue des médias.

“This is why films dubbed in French have long been associated with the regional public, while films in their original language are supposedly meant for people living in Paris or in important French cities,” wrote Cornu.

Today this situation still lives on with a clear predominance of films in their original language in Paris, while the split between those in favour and against the French language versions remains strong.

“People who say watching a movie dubbed in French is cheesy are snobs,” said Panetto. "This amounts to trashing any foreign art that is translated.

“People think reading a text on a rhythm band is easy but in fact voice artists are real actors, who often play in theatres or do voice over,” he added.

“Some people are really attached to the voices, there is an intimate relationship with the voice,” Panetto told The Local.

By Olivia Sorrel Dejerine

French vocab

If you want to know whether the film at the cinema will be dubbed or subtitled, it's all in the acronyms.

If you're watching a foreign film, its listing will include either VF, VSOT or VO.

VF - Version française - this film will be dubbed into French

VSOT - Version Originale Sous-Titrée - the screening has the original soundtrack and (French) subtitles.

VO - Version Originale - in its original language with no French subtitles

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In Russia, regulations codify Russian as the primary state language, banning Anglicisms in official, educational, and business contexts where Russian equivalents are available.

Title:

Content: The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language - what should be feared - RIA Novosti Crimea, 16.02.2023
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Radio "Sputnik in Crimea"
The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language – what should be feared
Philologists: in the fight against foreign borrowings in the language, it is important to prevent excesses
© Fotolia / daria rizaDictionary of the Russian language.
Archive photo
Read in
SIMFEROPOL, Feb 16 – RIA Novosti Crimea, Alexey Goncharov.
The main risk of the law adopted by the State Duma on the restriction of the use of foreign words is the excesses that can be allowed in the struggle for the purity of the Russian language.
This opinion was expressed by the interviewed website RIA Novosti Crimea and radio "Sputnik in Crimea" experts.
Chancellery is no less an enemy
On Thursday, the State Duma in the second and third reading adopted amendments to the federal law "On the state language of the Russian Federation".
The law, in particular, prohibits the use of foreign words at the state level, with the exception of those that do not have common Russian-language analogues.
Deputies also approved a list of areas where Russian is mandatory for use.
These include information for consumers of goods, works and services, as well as the education sector, state and municipal information systems.
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Philology of the Crimean Federal University.
Vernadsky Vladimir Orekhov believes this law is correct and necessary, since the Russian language needs protection.
However, the main problem is how this document will work in practice.
"Indeed, there can be excesses, and on the part of officials, who in many cases are themselves a source of stupid borrowing.
It is this category that often distorts the Russian language with stationery and borrowings, inventing some new formulas.
To make a beautiful project or report, you need to call the old with new words, preferably foreign, and, passing the old for new, somehow raise your prestige.
And then it already diverges, ” the expert explained in comments to RIA Novosti Crimea.
Orekhov also does not believe that young people are the main source of borrowing in the language.
According to him, youth slang is changing so quickly that such loanwords rarely take root for a long time.
At the same time, what is recorded in official documents, already, as they say in a well-known saying, "you can not cut down with an axe."
Down with the Chancellery: Officials Were Requested to Speak Human > >
“Most of the borrowings that this law is designed to save us from are in official documents of different levels.
This also applies to the capital institutions, but to a greater extent provincial.
This is a kind of fashion – to show your knowledge using incomprehensible foreign words.
How to deal with it, I have no recipe.
On the other hand, this law in itself can change this fashion in the administrative environment.
In this case, he by the very fact of his existence will correct the situation, ” the philologist suggested.
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
According to Orekhov, the mechanisms that will be able to effectively implement the norms of this law should be developed through a wide public discussion, with the involvement of school teachers, university teachers, cultural figures and all those who are involved in the development of the Russian language.
Define clear criteria
Director of the Crimean Republican Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Doctor of Philology, Professor Alexander Rudyakov is also sure that the law adopted by the State Duma and the protection of the Russian language in general is a good thing.
But the question arises: where is the criterion that distinguishes foreign words from non-foreign ones.
After all, in our language there are many Russian words that are originally borrowed from other languages.
"My wife is a German, we often argue with her.
She believes that the word "barrier" is a German word.
And I, a simple Russian, I am convinced that this is a Russian word.
Therefore, it is important that there are clear criteria for all this.
That's what we're talking about.
The law is excellent, but it is important how it will be applied and what criteria will be there, ” the expert said on the radio “Sputnik in Crimea ”.
Another important fact to pay special attention to is professional universal terminology, said Rudyakov.
“In many branches of knowledge, say, in the banking sector, there are words that are, in principle, international.
It is probably not very smart to isolate yourself from the terminology that is inherent in this area.
Another thing is not to drag it into our public vocabulary.
This is also very important to understand and comply with, ” explained the philologist.
"Adapt and switch to Russian": how the schools of Kherson region work > >
At the same time, the professor agreed that today in a number of areas, including administrative and media, there is an excessive use of foreign words, which can be easily and simply replaced by Russian-language analogues.
"When you hear 'communicate', 'collaboration' - the hand reaches for the gun.
Somewhere I read the information that a "Children's Collaboration House" was built in Vladivostok.
That's what's scary, you know.
These are obvious excesses, ” said the doctor of science.
Rudyakov, who is also a member of the Council on the Russian language under the President of Russia, assured that he will raise questions regarding the new law at the next meeting of the organization on March 2.
Read also on RIA Novosti Crimea:
Quoting the classics: how and why great writers quarreled
Than English-language words interfere in advertising – the opinion of senators from the Crimea
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
Leave the “barn ” and“ dog ” alone: a linguist about the law on the protection of language
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Committees generate dictionaries of permissible words, and regional governments further mandate Russian-only signage for businesses.

Title:

Content: MOSCOW, 22 feb — PRIME.
The Federation Council approved a law providing for the restriction of the use of foreign words in the Russian language with some exceptions.
It is noted that the document will fix in the Law "On the state language" the status of Russian as the language of the state-forming people, and also introduce the concept of the norm of the modern literary language.
The law proposes to establish a list of areas with strict observance of these norms, including in education and the media.
It is emphasized that officials, state and municipal information systems will be allowed to use borrowings in the absence of Russian-language analogues.

These legal measures reflect both linguistic nationalism and resistance to perceived Western encroachment.

Title:

Content: city news Yelets, news Yelets, Yelets news, Yelets newspaper, Red banner
Better than any passport.
0 0
The Russian government has submitted to the state Duma a bill to protect the Russian language from excessive use of foreign words.
The document implies control over the observance by officials and citizens of the norms of the Russian literary language and the inadmissibility of the use of foreign words, with the exception of those that do not have common analogues in the Russian language.
"Wet feet"
by "toptalische"
Fighters for the purity of the native language waited, because the discussion about it among linguists, writers, scientists goes on constantly, then quiet, then flaring up with renewed vigor.
The initiative of the Government of Russia, which decided to wedge itself into the disputes of professionals, is quite understandable and understandable.
Today, when the United States and the entire Western world are in a rush to destroy, eradicate, wipe out all Russian, the frequent use of Anglicisms in everyday life is at least unpatriotic.
In fairness, it should be noted that borrowing from other languages is a constant process.
Lenin also proposed "to declare war on the use of foreign words unnecessarily", and the intricacies of relations and mutual accusations of Slavophiles and Westerners entered the textbooks, as well as the textbook proposals to replace other people's "galoshes" with their "wet feet", and "sidewalks" - with "toptalisches".
In the 1940s, a new wave: the struggle against cosmopolitanism suggested “for everything Russian against foreign ”, including in the language.
A printer is a printer?
Meanwhile, all – both supporters and opponents – agree that there are concepts in their native language that came after the phenomena, realities created in other countries, and therefore the words denoting them, well, not ours, but they can not do without them.
A striking example is the computer, IT technologies and everything related to them.
The word “printer ” cannot be replaced by a Russian translation from English, since“ printer ” does not mean a device for printing, but a person engaged in this process.
By the way, this phenomenon is not new: even under Peter I, who “cut through the window to Europe ”, dozens of Dutch and German words for technologies and mechanisms poured into Russia.
And in opera, many terms are borrowed from Italian and have long been part of the Russian language.
And we calmly use such words as “federation ”,“ sphere ”, “national ”,“ commission ” and many others that came from foreign languages, but are firmly entrenched in our own.
How to be
in one bow
Meanwhile, one cannot but agree with the authors of the bill: recently, the speech of deputies of different ranks, officials, political and economic experts, heads of federal and regional, and sometimes local authorities is simply replete with foreign words that have simple and understandable analogues in their native language.
And if we are almost reconciled with merchandisers (commodity scientists in our own way), then what do you think of the expression from the fashion world “in one bow ”?
The well-known vegetable has nothing to do with it: in English look - look, therefore, in Russian it is an image, appearance, look, etc. In texts related to business, "marketplace" (literally from the English place of trade), as well as "startup" (start, start, take the first steps) or "webinar" (training video conference live).
In the field of education, they like to talk about “bullying prevention ”: this word means ridicule, bullying of children at school by peers.
Increasingly, “campus ” sounds, while the translation from Latin is a familiar campus for many of us, or“ coach ” instead of the usual “coach ”,“ mentor ”.
Abilympics
with WorldSkills
I will also swing at my favorite “quest ” recently: again with the English“ game, search ”.
I do not like the sequestered budget, because it is “cut ”, but transparent is more to my liking, because it is“ open ”, “transparent ”.
And who will prove to me that “exchange of practices ” is better than the usual“ exchange of experience ”?
Or for days on TV reported about the participation of Russians in the championship "Abilympics".
You will break the language by pronouncing, although this is only a competition in professional skills among the disabled, in another way they are also called the “Olympics of opportunities ”.
From the same series, the widely distributed “WorldSkills ” (WorldSkills) is also a competition, but students studying a particular profession.
We have such competitions took place in the times of the USSR, then they were safely forgotten, and now they are back again, only in a Western manner.
And here is another illustrative example: the all-Russian social project “Agrofoodsharing ”.
We divide abracadabra into parts: agro - of course, something related to agriculture.
In English, food – food, share – share.
As a result, we get a movement of agricultural producers who want to share with other people the surplus of their crops.
The idea, of course, is good, right, but why break the language?
And finally from the sore: "solving cases." Brilliant!
In English, the word “case ” has two meanings: a briefcase, a suitcase and the second – circumstances.
Therefore, in Russian literally "the decision of circumstances" or, as the know-it-all Internet interprets, "the study of the situation and the choice of a suitable solution."
They will leave themselves
on your own?
Most likely, the desire to cleanse the language by introducing a law at the state level is an attempt to distance oneself from the West, its influence, to isolate oneself from someone else ’ s and alien mentality, lifestyle and dubious values.
However, it is not very clear what it will look like in practice: will there be lists of prohibited words and expressions or just recommendations, and addressed to high-ranking officials and other “persons in the TV ” – after all, it is with their filing that all sorts of newfangled borrowings from foreign languages often go“ to people ”.
However, a few decades ago, our teachers at the Yelets Pedagogical Institute hammered us, students, that the language is a self-cleaning system, and all harmful, fake after a while will simply disappear.
It has always been so, and I want to believe it will be so.
KSTATI:
I assume that all borrowings are from our haste, eternal saving of time even on pronunciation and writing of words.
We usually write in sms a short, indifferent “OK ”.
While in the native language for this almost a dozen words: “good ”,“ okay ”, “agree ”,“ give ”, “let ”,“ good ”, etc. No wonder there is a catch phrase: “Speech is better than any passport ”...
Tatyana SHCHERBATYKH
VRF News

Nonetheless, their effectiveness is debated, especially for technical terms and everyday informal speech .

Title:

Content: In the list of prohibited borrowed words were “meter ” and“ liter ”
23.02.2023, 17: 33, Misc
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After the adoption of amendments to the law “On the state language ”, the relevant committees of the state Duma are developing dictionaries that will contain banned words and their domestic synonyms.
In the future, these lists will be combined and published for public information.
One of these dictionaries mentions the words "meter" (borrowing from ancient Greek), "liter" (borrowing from French, Latin), "volt" (the name for the Italian physicist) and many other units of measurement.
But if the distance measures can be replaced by the most appropriate Old Russian (“versta ”,“ arshin ”, “elbow ”) without changing the value (for example,“ kilometer ” can be replaced by “versta ”, and“ centimeter ” by “vershok ”), then in other cases everything is much more complicated – especially if we talk about rare and composite units of measurement, for example,“ picofarad ” or “tera“ electronvolt. "
One way or another, the authorities set the task of “import substitution ” for all foreign words, which means that starting from the new academic year, classes in schools and universities will be held using new units of measurement.
Their use in private and business correspondence, as well as in oral conversations and thoughts is not yet necessary.
Unreliable source: IA “Panorama ”
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Italy has mulled similar laws, seeking to prohibit English and foreign terminology in official contexts by imposing substantial fines, as part of a nationalist strategy to affirm Italian cultural sovereignty .

Title:

Content: Italian govt drafts bill that seeks to ban English language

RomeEdited By: C KrishnasaiUpdated: Apr 01, 2023, 03:15 PM IST

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency. Photograph:(Reuters)

Story highlights

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s party has proposed legislation that seeks to prohibit public and private bodies in the country from using foreign terms, especially English, in official communications.

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule.

In order to become a law, the bill has to be approved by both houses of parliament. But there was no indication of when this might happen.

“It is not just a matter of fashion, as fashions pass, but Anglomania (has) repercussions for society as a whole,” said the text of the draft bill.

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency.

The draft also specifies that all job related applications, including names and acronyms, should be spelt out in Italian, with foreign words allowed only if they are impossible to translate.

The bill said the widespread use of English in Europe was “even more negative and paradoxical” given that Britain had quit the European Union.

The draft bill comes at a time when the incumbent far-right government takes measures to what it calls preserving the local culture.

Recently, it banned the use of laboratory-produced food to safeguard the country’s agri-food heritage.

When the Brothers of Italy party took office last October, it added the English term “Made in Italy” to the name of the industry minister, while Meloni occasionally drops foreign words into her speeches.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Japan and Korea lack strict anti-borrowing laws but actively campaign for language purity.

Japan's language councils and media debates address "Wasei-Eigo" and propose native alternatives, while Korea's National Institute of the Korean Language invents Korean replacements and leads public campaigns.

Title:

Content: Women in Japanese Colonization: Did the sacrifice of female workers create male members of the family, or did it help change family roles or status?
Photo Credit: Shutterstock
What we want you to know is
In addition to official records, related publications, photographs, advertisements, reports, etc., Professor YU Chan-ming has a direct dialogue with women pioneers in the workplace.
The author interviewed nearly 100 professional women who walked through the Japanese era, and presented in plain words how they were torn between tradition and modernity, race and gender; the achievements and bitterness of the school, training, job search, and employment process; the evolution of interpersonal relations, and the impact on the family and society.
Through their workplace stories, see the most authentic history of Japanese women in Taiwan.
Text: YU Kam-ming
Chapter 6: Women Workers Who Help Others
Fourth, the role of women workers and their impact
The Role of Women Workers in the Home and the Factory
A survey found that only one of the eight or 90 women workers in the Tainan and Chun Weaving Fabric Factory had to work because of difficulties in household finances. The Jidong Tuocheng Tea Club also said that most of the women workers in the factory came from families with a decent environment.
Therefore, this article believes that although there are female workers from ordinary families, but the poor still account for the majority, many female workers into the factory work is forced by the environment.
And once they have an income, it is not used as a household, or to help other siblings to study, such as Qiu Li Aye, who I visited, who is Qiu's child daughter-in-law and has not been educated, but her income supports the sister-in-law and uncle to complete public school education.
This situation in which female workers earn money for their younger siblings to study, in order to subsidize the male majority, under the influence of the concept of male preference, many poor families do not hesitate to sacrifice female workers to create male members of the family, so they sacrifice their childhood, give up their studies and even marry late or not.
As for whether the sacrifice of female workers helps to change the role or status of the family?
I've been working in a liquor store.
Soon, I married my adoptive father ’ s eldest son and went on to produce. Due to the fixed working hours in the factory, the work of cooking or caring for the children had to be left to my mother-in-law.
In order to sympathize with me, the holiday mother-in-law does not force me to do housework, and sometimes even my own clothes are also taken care of by my mother-in-law.
As can be seen from the example of Qiu Li Aye, she not only became a full-time professional woman, but also gained a more respected family status, which is very difficult for women as child brides.
In addition, as mentioned above, the sacrifices made to improve family life are also respected by the family.
However, there are also many women workers who have never changed their family status. Many women workers need help with household chores before they go to work in factories. Women in rural areas are also given farm work, so when they become factory workers, rural work is certainly reduced and not completely exempted.
Chen Cheng Si-mei, who once worked at the Pineapple Club in Nantou, said that because her husband is a farmer, she also wants to help on the farm.
Although it is impossible to see her family status from the example of Chen Cheng Si-mei, it is clear that her role in both work and housework has not changed, although this is common to most working women, but it is particularly common among women workers.
Other female workers leave the factory after marriage, they take the factory work home to carry out, and become OEM women, continue to play a dual role.
In the face of this role, the attitude of female workers is not very consistent, some are regarded as labor, and some are as sweet.
Compared with the family status of female workers, the status of female workers in the factory is even lower.
In addition to the fact that the wages are not comparable to other workers, the nature of the work requires them to rely on the nose and listen to the command of the factory supervision, coupled with the lack of family background and academic qualifications, female workers are not easy to obtain a higher social status.
In fact, women workers work in factories for the purpose of making money, and most women workers do not care about the status of the factory.
However, sexual harassment due to low status has plagued women workers, and newspapers have exposed such incidents and railed against them.
In 1929, the Taiwan People's Daily published a scandal in which Japanese supervisors forced female workers to take up positions, and it was reported that the supervisor often used his power to harass beautiful female workers and ordered them to leave their jobs if they disobeyed. In places such as Hsinchu and Tainan, it is reported that many of these women workers are in oppressed positions.
In view of the low status of women workers, people with knowledge have made appeals on behalf of women workers, and they have reported on the situation of women workers in newspapers and magazines, such as the author of "Red", who pointed out in an article entitled "International Day of Proletarian Women":
At this time, ordinary workers, farmers, small urban women,... now have no leisure to consider what is the "male and female unmarried", "male and female" Mr. Kong's high education, leaping out of the factory for female workers, or for low-grade monthly living.
In the workshop of capitalist society, they are subjected to the same abuse and abuse by capitalists as male workers.
Despite the fact that many of these statements are propagandists of the labour movement, there is no doubt that the unequal status of women workers is a cause for concern.
In fact, not all women workers are living in miserable conditions, there are still women workers are highly valued, such as promotion from female workers to chief workers and technical guidance and other positions, and senior or full-time women workers have the opportunity to be rewarded, which is an affirmation of the role of women workers.
However, most of this situation comes from large factories, and ordinary small factories are rare.
Second, the impact of a female worker ’ s job on the individual, family and society
And regardless of the status of female workers, what impact does a female worker ’ s job have on her personal, family, or Taiwan ’ s economy? As far as female workers are concerned, workers are divided into educated and uneducated.
Take the Shulin distillery as an example, because most of the factory ’ s women workers are educated in public schools, the factory ’ s women will read magazines in groups every time they take breaks. Although they read the magazine of a retired woman, they can get some new knowledge of women from the magazine.
In addition, the factory had sent a special person to teach women to knit sweaters in the early days, although it will no longer be held in the future, but under the mutual teaching, every break time, the factory women almost have a line of hands, and the women's family or friends also have the opportunity to wear warm sweaters, which was quite fashionable at that time.
With the transfer of knowledge, various ideas were introduced, including the idea of anti-factory unreasonable system, which caused some factories to tremble in the 1920s and 1930s. As mentioned above, some women workers joined the strike, although the majority of the strike movement was defeated, many women workers returned to their families, and under the forced repression of the colonial government, these ideas only affected workers in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Undeniably, the strike movement has changed the minds of some women workers.
However, on the whole, what had a greater impact on the thinking of women workers was the Japanese policy of assimilation, especially since the 1930s, which had been reinforced by the colonial government.
As part of the policy of the colonial government, in addition to requiring female workers to accept Japanese language instruction, the factory also adopted a half-coercive and half-encouraging method to allow employees to participate in social education groups or related activities that foster the Japanese national spirit. For example, in November 1928, the Taiwan Anesthesia Club asked more than 40 men and women workers to dress up as indigenous people to participate in the celebration and procession on Fengyuan Street. He fell ill because of the cold rain.
In other words, remember:
Before I joined the factory, I was a member of the Young Women ’ s League. After I joined the factory, I still took part in the activities of the group on holidays.
Sometimes the time of the event and the working hours conflict, the factory not only did not prohibit me, but allowed me to take time off to participate in the event.
This situation was not allowed until the activities of the Youth League were too frequent, and the factory itself began to strengthen the national spirit training, so I was not allowed to take a leave of absence.
At the same time, the factory also rewards female workers for participating in Japanese language seminars or seminars. For example, in 1934, Lin Hao, a female worker at the Chinese Language Seminar, participated in the lecture on the topic "Help from the Workshop", and in 1931, Chen Po-yu, a female worker at the Hsu Te-ding Socks Factory, wrote "Our Work". Question, with members of the stone maiden club to participate in the radio recording performance.
Understandably, regardless of whether the female workers undergo indoctrination activities are autonomous or passive, these activities have enabled many uneducated female workers to gain new knowledge and broaden their knowledge; some female workers have been molded into the mother of the kingdom or the daughter of the kingdom.
As is shown, this factory-led thought transformation activity has an unnegligible impact.