Quantum computing is a rapidly advancing field characterized by intense global competition among countries and leading corporations.

This competition is often described as an “arms race” because of its potential to disrupt industries, ensure national security, and deliver strategic technological advantages.

The major players include the United States, China, Canada, several European countries, and emerging contenders such as India, Japan, and Russia.

The private sector is dominated by corporations like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell, supported by strong government initiatives and significant private and public investment.

Current Leading Countries and Their Approaches

The United States remains at the forefront of quantum computing research and commercialization.

Major companies such as IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell anchor the American ecosystem, pushing innovations in both hardware and software.

The US government has established extensive policies and funding mechanisms to maintain leadership, viewing quantum computing as vital to future economic growth and national security.

The IBM Quantum Network, with over 250 members globally, exemplifies the US strategy of forming broad collaborations and providing cloud-based access, democratizing the technology and spurring diverse applications such as finance, healthcare, logistics, and cybersecurity.

The drive within the US is further motivated by concerns over cybersecurity; significant resources are assigned to developing post-quantum cryptography amidst fears that quantum computers will eventually render current encryption methods obsolete .

China has matched and, in some areas, even surpassed competition through coordinated central planning and investment.

China is responsible for 37% of global quantum information technology patent applications (compared to the US's 28%) and has operationalized increasingly powerful superconducting quantum computers, such as the 'Origin Wukong' (72 qubits) and the 504-qubit 'Xiaohong' chip.

These milestones denote a shift from laboratory research to industrial application.

China's government channels significant funding towards both domestic firms and academic research, supporting public cloud access to advanced quantum systems and a focus on secure, domestic infrastructure.

China was also the third country—after the US and Canada—to deliver a quantum computing system ('Wuyan', 24 qubits) to a customer, evidencing technical maturity and the goal of reducing foreign technology reliance.

Their strategic focus extends to cybersecurity and communications, with investment in quantum-safe cryptography and quantum key distribution .

Europe has established a multi-country strategy emphasizing collaboration, sharing of scientific resources, and targeting diverse quantum technology applications.

Governments, venture capital, and private companies together have invested billions of euros in the past decade.

The European quantum ecosystem supports research into drugs, material design, energy, security, and finance.

The region’s approach features large-scale collaborative research initiatives among major science hubs in the UK, Germany, France, and the Netherlands, facilitated by significant EU funding.

This joint effort allows Europe to maintain competitiveness despite lacking a global corporate giant analogous to IBM or Google .

Canada is recognized as a leader in quantum technology innovation, with government-backed national strategies and substantial investments.

Recent noteworthy developments include over $1 billion invested in quantum research over the past decade, an additional $360 million allocated through Canada’s National Quantum Strategy, and specific projects such as a $40 million fund for Xanadu Quantum Technologies to develop the world’s first photonic-based, fault-tolerant quantum computer.

Canada also became an early provider of delivered quantum computer systems, showing strong commercial capability .

India is advancing rapidly through major government initiatives.

The National Mission on Quantum Technology and Applications (NMQTA) involves a government investment exceeding $1 billion.

India's program emphasizes catching up with leading nations by promoting domestic research infrastructure, addressing funding challenges, and reversing research brain drain.

Major goals include developing quantum computers and secure quantum communications infrastructure .

Japan, South Korea, and Russia similarly invest heavily.

Japan focuses on cross-sector collaboration, with big electronics firms and academic institutions jointly developing both hardware and software solutions.

Russia is undertaking a national quantum computing program with a planned investment of 24 billion rubles, aiming to create domestically controlled quantum computation resources.

Taiwan and the United Arab Emirates have fostered global alliances through scientific conferences and cooperation, recognizing that international partnerships are essential in a field requiring pooled expertise and resources .

Corporate Leadership and Notable Achievements

In the private sector, IBM is the most prominent corporation, offering cloud-accessible quantum computers and partnering with global universities, corporations, and governments.

Google achieved a widely publicized “quantum supremacy” milestone in 2019, demonstrating that a quantum computer could solve a problem faster than any known conventional supercomputer, although the practical significance of this demonstration is debated.

Microsoft, through its Azure Quantum platform, and Honeywell, with novel trapped-ion technology, also vie for dominance.

Startups such as Xanadu, Rigetti, and D-Wave contribute innovations, particularly in alternative hardware approaches like photonics or non-gate-based architectures .

Lessons Learned

Several key lessons have emerged:
1.

No single quantum computing architecture (superconducting qubits, trapped ions, photonics, neutral atoms, etc.) has definitively prevailed.

Most research and commercial roadmaps hedge across multiple approaches, and current quantum computers are limited in both number of qubits and error rates.

Companies and countries thus maintain parallel investments in various technologies to maximize their chances of ultimately achieving a fault-tolerant system .

2. Collaborative approaches—both public-private partnerships within countries and international alliances—have accelerated progress: shared resources, cross-pollination of research, and pooled investments are necessary because the expertise and infrastructure required are highly specialized and expensive.

For example, multi-country conferences organized by Taiwan foster these alliances .

3. Strategic imperatives driven by national security and anticipated cryptographic threats spur massive investments and accelerate regulatory frameworks.

Quantum computing’s potential to break existing encryption standards is a priority concern, leading to policies such as the US Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act and similar laws across Asia and Europe .

Cloud-based quantum computing platforms, pioneered by IBM and joined by others, have democratized access for universities and industries worldwide, fostering broader participation and innovation .

Trends and Market Outlook

The quantum computing market is projected to grow rapidly, with estimates suggesting a global market value of $234 billion by 2032 and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 37%.

Applications in drug discovery, materials science, optimization, and financial modeling receive the most attention due to their direct commercial potential.

The strategic advantage for countries and corporations is clear: achieving quantum advantage or supremacy in these fields may translate into major scientific, economic, and political leverage .

In summary, the quantum computing arms race is defined by heavy public and private investments from the US, China, Europe, Canada, and others, in a context where technical uncertainty, rapid innovation, and national security concerns shape research strategies.

While meaningful, large-scale quantum computers are not yet available for mainstream tasks, the lessons from the ongoing race illustrate the necessity of diversified research, international collaboration, sustained investment, and regulatory foresight in preparing for the transformative disruptions quantum computing promises to deliver.

Quantum computing is a rapidly advancing field characterized by intense global competition among countries and leading corporations.

Title:

Content: Quantum Computing Market was valued at nearly USD 234.06 billion by 2032

Prudour Private Limited

Updated · Mar 06, 2023

Quantum Computing Market Overview

Published Via 11Press: Quantum computing is a rapidly developing market that is revolutionizing how we approach computing and data processing. By employing principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations, quantum computers are capable of solving problems that classical computers may find impossible or impracticable to resolve.

The global quantum computing market size is forecast to reach USD 234.06 billion by 2032 from USD 10.13 billion in 2022, rising at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 36.89% during the forecast period.

At present, the quantum computing market is dominated by a few major players such as IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell. These firms are investing heavily in quantum computing research and development as well as creating quantum computing hardware and software systems.

The quantum computing market is expected to have a profound effect on industries such as healthcare, finance, logistics, and energy. Some key applications of quantum computing include drug discovery, supply chain optimization, financial modeling, and climate modeling.

Though the quantum computing market is promising, it still faces several obstacles such as high costs of hardware, a shortage of skilled experts in this area, and technical difficulties when building large-scale quantum computers. With ongoing research and development efforts, however, these problems should be overcome within the coming years, leading to even greater growth and innovation in this space.

Key Takeaways

  • The global quantum computing market size was valued at USD 234.06 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 36.89% from 2022 to 2032.
  • Quantum computing is capable of solving problems that would be intractable or impossible for classical computers to solve.
  • The quantum computing market is dominated by a few major players, including IBM, Google, Microsoft and Honeywell.
  • The quantum computing market is expected to have a profound effect on numerous industries, such as healthcare, finance, logistics and energy.
  • Quantum computing has many important applications such as drug discovery, supply chain optimization, financial modeling and climate modeling.
  • The quantum computing market remains plagued by several obstacles, such as the high cost of quantum computing hardware, lack of qualified quantum computing experts and technical difficulties in building and running large-scale quantum computing systems.
  • Research and development are expected to overcome these obstacles within the next couple of years, propelling even greater growth and innovation in the quantum computing market.

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Regional Snapshot

  • North America: North America is currently the leading market for quantum computing, with the United States playing a major role. Major companies such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft are driving this growth through their presence and investment in research and development activities related to quantum computing. This region boasts numerous key players such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft which are driving demand within this region.
  • Europe: Europe is an increasingly important market for quantum computing, with countries such as the UK, Germany, and France investing heavily in research and development. Through partnerships between quantum computing companies and other technology firms as well as the growing adoption of quantum computing across various industries, this region’s market is experiencing rapid expansion.
  • Asia Pacific: The quantum computing market in Asia Pacific is expected to experience significant growth over the coming years due to increased investments in research and development by countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. Furthermore, there have been an increasing number of collaborations between companies using quantum computing with academic institutions as well as its increasing adoption across industries like healthcare and finance – all contributing factors for market expansion within this region.
  • The Rest of the World: Countries such as Brazil, South Africa, and the UAE are expected to experience significant growth in the quantum computing market over the coming years due to increased investments in research and development efforts as well as the growing adoption of quantum computing across various industries. These factors are fueling this region’s meteoric rise in this region.

Drivers

  • Quantum Computing Gaining Adoption in Various Industries: Quantum computing is seeing an uptick in popularity across a range of industries, such as healthcare, finance, logistics, and energy – as companies seek to use their power to solve complex problems and gain an edge in competition.
  • Investments in Quantum Computing Research and Development: Governments, academic institutions, and private companies have made substantial investments in quantum computing research and development, spurring innovation and progress within the field.
  • Growing Number of Partnerships and Collaborations: There has been an uptick in partnerships and collaborations between quantum computing companies and other technology firms, as well as academic institutions and research organizations. This trend is propelling the development of new quantum computing hardware and software systems, as well as its adoption across various industries.
  • Increasing Access to Cloud-Based Quantum Computing Services: The growing availability of cloud-based quantum computing services is making it simpler for companies and researchers to utilize this cutting-edge technology, spurring adoption and innovation within the field.

Restraints

  • Limited Access to Qualified Quantum Computing Experts: Unfortunately, there is currently a shortage of highly experienced quantum computing specialists, making it challenging for companies to construct and sustain quantum computing systems.
  • Technical Challenges in Building and Maintaining Large-Scale Quantum Computing Systems: The development of large-scale quantum computing systems is still in its early stages, so there are numerous technical obstacles that must be overcome, such as noise reduction, error correction, and scalability.
  • Limited Quantum Computing Applications: Although the list of potential applications for quantum computing is growing, the number of practical ones that have been developed and implemented remains limited. This can make it challenging for companies to justify investing in quantum computing technology.
  • Regulatory Challenges: Quantum computing technology may face regulatory restrictions, particularly around data privacy and security. This could create additional obstacles to the adoption and investment in the technology.

Opportunities

  • Growing Number of Partnerships and Collaborations: The growing number of partnerships and collaborations among quantum computing companies, other technology firms, academic institutions, and research organizations is creating opportunities for the development of new quantum computing hardware and software systems as well as its adoption across various industries.
  • Advancements in Quantum Computing Hardware and Software: With the rapid progress being made in the development of quantum computing hardware and software, new opportunities will present themselves for applying this technology across various industries and fields.
  • The growing availability of cloud-based quantum computing services: Cloud-based quantum computing services are making it simpler for companies and researchers to access and utilize quantum computing technology, spurring adoption and innovation within the field.
  • Growth of Quantum Computing as a Service: As more companies and researchers embrace the potential of quantum computing, cloud-based quantum computing services are creating exciting new business opportunities for those offering these solutions.
  • Potential for Breakthroughs in Areas such as Drug Discovery, Finance, and Energy: Quantum computing holds the potential to unravel complex issues in fields like drug discovery, finance, and energy – leading to major breakthroughs and advances. This presents companies with unique opportunities for those who can develop and implement quantum computing solutions in these sectors.

Challenges

  • Technical Challenges in Constructing and Running Large Quantum Computing Systems: As quantum computing systems continue to emerge, numerous technical obstacles must be overcome such as noise reduction, error correction, and scalability. These issues make it challenging for companies to construct and run these massive quantum computers efficiently.
  • Limited Access to Qualified Quantum Computing Experts: There is currently a shortage of highly experienced quantum computing professionals, making it difficult for companies to construct and maintain quantum computing systems. This shortage could potentially restrict the growth of this industry in the coming years.
  • Quantum computing Applications: While quantum computing has many potential uses, the number of practical applications that have been created and implemented remains limited. This could make investing in quantum computing technology and research on practical applications an attractive prospect.

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Recent Developments

  • Google Claims Quantum Supremacy: In 2019, Google claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy by performing a calculation on its quantum computer that even the most powerful supercomputers would take thousands of years to complete. This was seen as an important milestone in the advancement of quantum computing technology.
  • IBM Launches Quantum Computing Program for Students: In 2020, IBM unveiled a quantum computing program specifically tailored towards students that provides them with access to IBM’s resources and tools, as well as a platform for learning and collaboration.
  • Honeywell Achieves Quantum Computer Record Performance: On March 20, 2021, Honeywell revealed its creation of a quantum computer with an astonishing quantum volume of 512. This feat marked an amazing advancement in quantum computing technology and demonstrated how rapidly progress has been made since then.
  • Amazon Web Services Announces Quantum Computing Service: On June 2021, Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced the launch of its own quantum computing service called Amazon Bracket. This offering gives customers access to various vendors’ hardware as well as tools and resources for developing and testing quantum algorithms.

Key Market Segments

Type

  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Services

Application

  • Defense
  • Healthcare & pharmaceuticals
  • Chemicals
  • Banking & Finance
  • Energy & power

Key Market Players

  • D-Wave Systems
  • Google
  • IBM
  • Intel
  • Microsoft
  • 1QB Information Technologies
  • Anyon Systems
  • Cambridge Quantum Computing
  • ID Quantique
  • IonQ
  • QbitLogic
  • QC Ware
  • Quantum Circuits
  • Qubitekk
  • QxBranch
  • Rigetti Computing

Nature Insights

  • Progress is being made in the development of quantum computing hardware: Despite the challenges facing large-scale quantum computing systems, progress is being made on quantum computing hardware. This includes creating quantum processors with increasingly more qubits and creating new materials suitable for use in quantum computers.
  • Quantum computing software is still in its early stages: While progress is being made with quantum computing hardware, software development for quantum computation remains at a standstill. This presents an immense challenge to the industry as developing efficient quantum algorithms is essential to realizing its full potential.
  • Collaboration is essential to the advancement of quantum computing: Collaboration between companies, academic institutions, and research organizations is essential for progress in this industry. This includes joint efforts to develop new hardware and software systems as well as collaborations that promote quantum computing across various industries.

Report Scope

Report Attribute Details
The market size value in 2022 USD 10.13 Bn
Revenue forecast by 2032 USD 234.6 Bn
Growth Rate CAGR Of 36.89%
Regions Covered North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa, and the Rest of the World
Historical Years 2017-2022
Base Year 2022
Estimated Year 2023
Short-Term Projection Year 2028
Long-Term Projected Year 2032

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FAQ.

What is quantum computing?

Quantum computing is a type of processing data using quantum mechanics. It relies on principles such as superposition, entanglement, and interference which enable quantum computers to perform calculations that would be impossible with classical computers.

What are some potential applications of quantum computing?

Quantum computing holds great promise for revolutionizing industries such as drug discovery, finance, energy, and logistics. Potential uses include creating new drugs and materials, optimizing supply chains and logistics networks, and even improving weather forecasting models with greater precision.

What are some of the challenges facing the quantum computing market?

The quantum computing market faces numerous obstacles, such as technical difficulties in building and running large-scale quantum computers, high costs associated with quantum computing hardware, a scarcity of highly qualified quantum experts, and an absence of practical applications developed and deployed.

Who are some of the major players in the quantum computing market?

Major companies operating within this space include IBM, Google, Microsoft, Honeywell, Intel, and Rigetti Computing. These firms are actively developing and commercializing quantum computing hardware and software systems.

What is the outlook for the quantum computing market?

Overall, analysts anticipate a bright future for quantum computing, with continued investment and innovation anticipated in the coming years. Though still in its early stages of development, its potential advantages are immense - leading to rapid industry growth over the coming years.

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This competition is often described as an “arms race” because of its potential to disrupt industries, ensure national security, and deliver strategic technological advantages.

Title:

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National Science Council: Promoting international cooperation in quantum technology to make Taiwan an important leader
Wu Cheng-chung, chairman of the National Science Council, said that in addition to actively laying out key technologies for quantum computers and communication, he also hopes to build a global cooperation platform to bring together researchers and industry leaders from all over the world to promote the progress of research and development and technology industrialization.
Quantum computing power has brought new opportunities for technological breakthroughs. Many countries have listed quantum technology as an important national development strategy and are competing for resources. The National Science Council (NSC) held the "Quantum Taiwan 2023" in Taipei today.
Wu Zhengzhong said that Taiwan has actively laid out key technologies for quantum computers and communication soft and hard, and cross-ministerial cooperation to form a quantum national team. However, it is difficult for a single country to have the full set of resources and expertise needed to comprehensively promote the research and development of quantum technology.
Wu Cheng-chung pointed out that the seminar is the first time that Taiwan has actively organized such an event, and it is an important milestone to build a global cooperation platform that brings together experts, researchers and industry leaders from all over the world to promote the progress of quantum research and development and industrialization through exchanges with the global quantum technology elite.
He said that as the number of countries participating in the cooperation and industry continues to increase, the forum platform will gradually be transformed into an international alliance to jointly promote the development of quantum technology.
The National Science Council said that the conference topics include superconducting quantum computers, quantum communication encryption, semiconductors and other cutting-edge fields, and multinational experts will have in-depth discussions on the future trends of quantum technology and share their research results and insights.
In addition to technical exchanges, the National Science Council pointed out that at the same time, the research team of the Quantum National Team, the Taiwan Semiconductor Center of the National Research Institute of the National Academia Sinica and the Industrial Technology Research Institute were arranged to present technical results to the international exhibition of Taiwan's latest progress in the field of quantum technology.
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What fields can quantum computers advance?

The major players include the United States, China, Canada, several European countries, and emerging contenders such as India, Japan, and Russia.

Title:

Content: Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market projected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 35.5% during the forecast period of 2023-2030 - says MarketDigits in its latest study

The Global Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market was valued USD 750 Million in 2023 and projected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 35.5% during the forecast period of 2023-2030

Richmond, Jan. 02, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to a research report "Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market, by Offering (Service, Software), Technology (Trapped Ions, Quantum Annealing, Superconducting Qubits, Other Technologies, Others), Application (Encryption, Optimization, Sampling, Simulation), Industry Vertical (BFSI, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace and Defense, Research and Academia, Manufacturing, Transportation and Logistics, Others), and Region - Global Forecast to 2030.

Global Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market Report Scope:

Report Details
Market size value in 2023 USD 750 Million
Market size value in 2030 USD 6,289.8 Million
CAGR (2023-2030) 35.5%
Forecast Period 2023–2030
Historic Data 2019
Forecast Units Value (USD Million/USD Billion)
Segments Covered Offering, Technology, Application, End User and Region
Geographies Covered North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and RoW

  • Accenture

  • AWS (Amazon Web Services)
Sample of Companies Covered
  • Baidu

  • Cambridge Quantum Computing

  • D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Download the Sample - https://www.marketdigits.com/request/sample/1108

TOC Covers in Depth & Breath on Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market
170 - Market Data Tables
65 - List of Figures
225 – Pages

The report includes Vendor Assessment (Company Profiles, Market Positioning, Strategies, Recent Developments, Capabilities & Product Offerings / Mapping), Technology Assessment (Developments & Economic Impact), Partner & Customer Ecosystem (Product Services, Proposition & Key Features) Competitive Index & Regional FootPrint by MarketDigits.

Market Overview

Cloud-based quantum computing enables remote access to quantum processors and algorithms, revolutionizing computation for diverse applications via online platforms. The cloud-based quantum computing market is experiencing unprecedented growth as organizations seek to harness the immense computational power of quantum processors through convenient and scalable cloud services. This market evolution marks a paradigm shift in computing capabilities, with leading tech companies investing heavily in quantum research and development. Quantum computing leverages the principles of superposition and entanglement to perform complex calculations at speeds unattainable by classical computers. Cloud-based offerings democratize access to quantum resources, allowing businesses to explore and experiment without the need for extensive on-premises infrastructure. As a result, a diverse range of industries, including finance, healthcare, and logistics, are exploring quantum solutions for optimization, simulation, and machine learning applications. The market's trajectory is driven by a convergence of technological advancements, increased investments, and a growing ecosystem of quantum developers and users, positioning cloud-based quantum computing as a transformative force in the future of information processing.

Major Vendors In The Global Cloud-Based Quantum Computing Market:

  • Accenture
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • Baidu
  • Cambridge Quantum Computing
  • D-Wave Quantum Inc.
  • D-Wave Systems
  • Fujitsu
  • Google
  • Honeywell
  • Huawei Technologies Co.
  • IBM
  • 1QBIT
  • Microsoft
  • QC Ware
  • Riverlane
  • Rigetti Computing
  • T-Systems International GmbH
  • Zapata Computing

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Increasing demand for advanced computational capabilities

The escalating demand for advanced computational capabilities stands as a pivotal driver propelling the cloud-based quantum computing market into prominence. As traditional computing architectures face limitations in solving complex problems, organizations across various sectors are turning to quantum computing to address challenges that were once deemed insurmountable. Cloud-based quantum computing offers a scalable and accessible solution, allowing businesses to harness the extraordinary processing power of quantum processors without the need for significant on-premises infrastructure investments. This surge in demand is fueled by the recognition that quantum algorithms have the potential to outperform classical counterparts in areas such as optimization, cryptography, and machine learning. The advent of cloud-based services democratizes access to quantum resources, empowering a diverse range of industries to explore novel solutions and stay at the forefront of technological innovation in the pursuit of solving complex problems more efficiently and effectively.

Market Dynamics

Drivers:

  • Increasing demand for advanced computational capabilities
  • Growing demand for faster data operations, secure data transfer, and communications

Opportunities:

  • Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing
  • Growing adoption of quantum computing solutions across several verticals

Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing

Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing present a significant opportunity for the quantum computing market, opening new frontiers in computation and problem-solving. The integration of cutting-edge technologies into cloud services has enhanced the accessibility and usability of quantum computing resources. Cloud providers are actively investing in infrastructure, algorithms, and developer tools, making quantum computing capabilities more user-friendly and scalable. This progress is fostering a conducive environment for experimentation and innovation, attracting a broader spectrum of users from diverse industries. As cloud-based quantum computing platforms evolve, they offer businesses the chance to explore and harness the potential of quantum algorithms without the need for substantial in-house expertise or infrastructure. This opportunity not only accelerates the adoption of quantum technologies but also democratizes access, empowering organizations to leverage the transformative power of quantum computing to solve complex problems and gain a competitive edge in the rapidly advancing digital landscape.

The market for Cloud-based Quantum Computing is dominated by North America.

North America stands as the dominant force in the Cloud-based Quantum Computing market, with the United States and Canada playing pivotal roles. The region's leadership is attributed to the robust presence of major quantum computing players, significant research and development initiatives, and a burgeoning tech ecosystem. In the United States, companies like IBM, Google, and Rigetti Computing have spearheaded quantum advancements, while Canada boasts prominent players like D-Wave. The strategic collaboration between academia, government, and industry in North America has positioned the region as a global hub for quantum computing innovation, solidifying its preeminence in driving the growth and development of cloud-based quantum computing solutions.

The research and academia Segment is Anticipated to Hold the Largest Market Share During the Forecast Period

Based on Industry Vertical the Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market is segmented into BFSI, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace and Defense, Research and Academia, Manufacturing, Transportation and Logistics, Others. The research and academia segment is poised to maintain its dominance, holding the largest market size in the Cloud-based Quantum Computing sector throughout the forecast period. This prominence can be attributed to the active involvement of research institutions and academic entities in advancing quantum technologies. These stakeholders play a crucial role in driving innovation, developing quantum algorithms, and educating the workforce. Cloud-based platforms offer an accessible environment for researchers and students to experiment with quantum computing, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange. As a result, the research and academia segment continues to lead, shaping the trajectory of Cloud-based Quantum Computing's market growth.

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The private sector is dominated by corporations like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell, supported by strong government initiatives and significant private and public investment.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

Current Leading Countries and Their Approaches

The United States remains at the forefront of quantum computing research and commercialization.

Title:

Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
"Origin Goku" stable operation shows what
May 12, 2024 08: 54 | Source: Economic Daily
Small number
Original title: "The source of Goku" stable operation shows what
As of May 7, China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer "Origin Wukong" has attracted more than 8 million visits worldwide.
Previously, it was successfully connected to three supercomputing centers such as the Yangtze River Delta hub Wuhu cluster computing power public service platform, marking the formal completion of China's "four calculations in one" system of general computing, intelligent computing, supercomputing and measurement.
What does the stable operation of "Origin Goku" show?
"Genyuan Wukong" is China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer, equipped with 72-bit autonomous superconducting quantum chips.
The computer is named "Wukong", which means that it is as powerful as the traditional Chinese mythological figure Sun Wukong and can change 72 times.
"Benyuan Wukong" was independently developed by the Benyuan Quantum team and launched on January 6 this year. Since the launch of the line, the average daily global visit is about 66,700 times, and the average daily completion of nearly 1,500 computing tasks.
Quantum computing is a cutting-edge emerging technology that has great potential in artificial intelligence, biomedicine, financial analysis and other fields.
If the general purpose traditional computer is compared to a bicycle, the quantum computer is like an airplane.
To break down 300 large numbers, it takes 150,000 years to make use of a trillionth of a conventional computer, and 1 second to make use of a trillionth of a quantum computer.
The biggest advantage of quantum computers is their powerful computing power, but compared with traditional computers, the technology is immature, the manufacturing cost is high, and the reliability is not strong.
China's quantum computing technology is in the transition stage from laboratory research and development to industrial application.
"Genyuan Wukong" equipped with hardware, chips, operating systems and application software are autonomous and controllable, and the localization rate is more than 80%, which marks the basic formation of China's superconducting quantum computer industry chain.
In the four months since its launch, "Benyuan Wukong" has successfully completed more than 178,000 computing tasks for users in 120 countries, and countries with quantum computers such as the United States, Japan and Canada have shown great concern for "Benyuan Wukong", among which the frequency of visits by US users is much higher than that of other countries.
In the field of quantum computing, developed countries led by the United States have started early, developed rapidly and have a high degree of industrial maturity, and have gradually established a "quantum computing ecological chain."
For example, in 2017, IBM led the establishment of the Quantum Computing Industry Alliance (IBM Quantum Network), which has more than 250 members from the United States, Japan, South Korea, Germany, Australia and other countries, involving Fortune 500 companies, start-ups and academic institutions.
However, although China started late in the quantum field, it has made rapid progress.
A recent paper on global quantum information technology patents shows that from 2003 to 2022, China's quantum information technology patent applications accounted for 37% of the global total, surpassing the proportion of the United States slightly more than 28%.
"Origin Wukong" is the first large-scale and long-term opening of China's quantum computing power to the world, indicating that China has officially entered the "usable" era of quantum computing power.
Looking forward to the future, let the "Wukong" further play the power of the "source", it will take many efforts.
We should focus on making up for the shortcomings and strength of the weak, so that the key instruments and equipment of quantum computing can be fully replaced in China. We should support the building of the quantum chip industry chain and build a quantum computing power network. To change the situation of shortage of talents in the quantum field.
Computing power is the new quality of productivity in the digital economy era, who has mastered the advanced computing power, who has mastered the "winning chance" of development.
On the international science and technology track of quantum computers, the layout and development of independent industrial chains is an inevitable choice for us to face the forefront of world science and technology, the main battlefield of the economy, and the major needs of the country.
(Editor: Yang Xi, Chen Jian)
Public Number ： People 's Network Finance
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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Major companies such as IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell anchor the American ecosystem, pushing innovations in both hardware and software.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The US government has established extensive policies and funding mechanisms to maintain leadership, viewing quantum computing as vital to future economic growth and national security.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The IBM Quantum Network, with over 250 members globally, exemplifies the US strategy of forming broad collaborations and providing cloud-based access, democratizing the technology and spurring diverse applications such as finance, healthcare, logistics, and cybersecurity.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The drive within the US is further motivated by concerns over cybersecurity; significant resources are assigned to developing post-quantum cryptography amidst fears that quantum computers will eventually render current encryption methods obsolete .

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In 2021, Booz Allen Hamilton analysts surmised that China will surpass Europe and the US in quantum-related research and development and that Chinese hackers could soon target heavily encrypted datasets such as weapon designs or details of undercover intelligence officers with a view to unlocking them at a later date when quantum computing makes decryption possible.

In the report titled “Chinese threats in the quantum era”, BAH said “encrypted data with intelligence longevity, like biometric markers, covert intelligence officer and source identities, social security numbers, and weapons’ designs, may be increasingly stolen under the expectation that they can eventually be decrypted,” the report says. It says “state-aligned cyber threat actors” will start to steal or intercept previously unusable encrypted data. Chinese could hack data for future quantum decryption, report warns | Hacking | The Guardian

In fact, as reported earlier this month by the Financial Times, Chinese researchers are claiming that they have used a quantum computer to break RSA encryption, which if true, would be years ahead of expectations. Though the Chinese claims have yet to be proven (if ever), it underscores that there is a significant amount of work going on quantum research to achieve that goal and that current estimates of when anyone may break RSA encryption may be more hopeful than reality based. *Financial Times January 4, 2023

Recently, Tim Callan, a chief experience officer at cybersecurity company Sectigo, told DailyMail.com that quantum computers — which already exist could one day 'make the encryption we use today no longer fit for purpose'. He noted that “The evolution of quantum computers creates a significant threat to data security, and their immense processing power is capable of breaking encryption at great speed, leaving important data vulnerable, everything from bank account details to medical records to state secrets.” He said that 'this scenario is so alarming that specialists refer to it as the "Quantum Apocalypse.” The Quantum Apocalypse is 'just YEARS away', experts say | Daily Mail Online

The event has also been referred to as Q-Day by quantum researchers where large-scale quantum computers will be able to use Shor's algorithm to break all public key systems that employ integer factorization-based (and other) cryptography.

The urgency of a Q-Day or Quantum Apocalypse was a subject of a lecture of mine for The Economist conference, “A look into Commercialising Quantum 2022 in London”. There is little doubt that quantum computers will be able to perform faster and more precise computations than classical computers and could pose geo-military threats if in the wrong hands. And that the same computing power that allows complex problems to be solved can, in turn, be applied to undermine cybersecurity. This is because current cybersecurity protocols typically use pseudo-random numbers to encrypt sensitive information such as passwords, personal data, and quantum computers can crack the methods traditional computers use to generate random numbers, posing a significant threat to any organization using standard encryption tools.

FtChinese researchers claim to find way to break encryption using quantum computers

This month, the IBM Institute for Business Value issued report titled Security in the Quantum Era” The report examines the reality of quantum risk and the need for “enterprise adoption of quantum-safe capabilities to safeguard the integrity of critical applications and infrastructure as the risk of decryption increases.”

The IBM report states that quantum computing poses an “existential risk” to classical computer encryption protocols, and notes that cybercriminals are potentially already exfiltrating encrypted data with the intention of decrypting it once quantum computers advance as part of “harvest now, decrypt layer attacks.” IBM: Quantum computing poses an ‘existential threat’ to data encryption | VentureBeat

My personal advice, in view of the recognition of the decryption threat, is to get ready now because quantum computing will be here soon enough, and it is time for businesses, organizations and governments to protect their data for that inevitability. The good news is that we do not have to wait for technological solutions to be developed as quantum tech can battle quantum threats and there are already capabilities on the market for defense. Also, for more on quantum technologies, please see my article in FORBES: “The Quantum Era Is Arriving, And It Will Be Transformational! The Quantum Era Is Arriving, And It Will Be Transformational ! (forbes.com)

One company called Quantum Computing Inc. (QCI) (NASDAQ:QUBT), is ahead of the game and operates a full-stack quantum solutions company that is on a mission to accelerate the delivery quantum information processing hardware systems with both performance and cybersecurity benefits. With their existing quantum photonics technology offerings, it is already feasible for the company to replace classical type computing with entropy quantum computing to strengthen key sources for any cryptographic task. About Us | Quantum Computing Inc.

Quantum Computing Inc uses a Quantum Photonic System (QPS) to leverage pure, non-linear, optical properties to create a core quantum photonics technology that can be deployed at room temperature, in ordinary server room type environments. Their QPS methods and systems already have demonstrated the ability to deliver high precision computations in solving complex business optimization problems, powerful single-photon measurements in remote sensing applications such as Lidar and they have demonstrated 3-D quantum imaging capabilities using visible and near infrared, eye-safe radiation.

QCI’s Entropy Quantum Computer (EQC) system is specifically focused in addressing real-world optimization problems at a scale (11,000 Qubits) with full connectivity between variables (high density). Today, this sits in comparison with the more typical small-scale problems using limited connectivity among qubits that alternative quantum systems use to showcase their technologies. Bottom line is that today, the EQC provides results that will allow industries to scale faster as this new quantum photonic technology continues to advance.

Moreover, their entropy quantum computer operates at low power levels (< 80 Watts) and is a small compact design to fit in rack mounted or table-top configurations – offering very low SWAPc specifications (Size, Weight, Power and Cost). no quantum experts to calibrate and keep it running.

The CEO of Quantum Computing Inc , Robert Liscouski says that this same Quantum Photonic technology “can also be leveraged to provide Quantum Encryption + Quantum Authentication on the same platform and is a full solution to replace public-private key cryptography that is vulnerable to evolving quantum threats.” QCI’s patent on Quantum Private Communication methodology addresses the concerns of key distribution approaches with trusted third-party authentication / validation and provides a pure hardware alternative approach involving no mathematics or algorithms or pseudo random numbers. Patented approaches using entangled photons and correlated true quantum random numbers generated from the quantum entropy source are combined in a methodology that ensures ONLY intended recipients of information are properly authenticated in a trustless system approach.

Mr. Liscouski notes that the threat to public key cryptography, if it is broken by Shor’s algorithm, could leave critical infrastructure, financial & banking systems, healthcare, and transportation all vulnerable to attack. With QPS, that threat is mitigated both on current classical or from near-term quantum systems with the company’s existing technologies such as its quantum random number generator, and a new photonic physically unclonable function chip that provides a unique authentication “quantum fingerprint” for the user.

This quantum photonic platform is welcomed as the West is amid a “Quantum Computing Supremacy Race” especially with China that can exponentially change the geo-political balance of the world.

China has recently announced some eye-opening milestones on their quantum communications capabilities and Chinese researchers announced last year that they set a new quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) world record of 102.2 km (64 miles), smashing the previous mark of 18 km (11 miles). Researchers break world record for quantum-encrypted communications (engadget.com) The Chinese are heavily investing (estimated to be the many $billions) in all areas of quantum research and are demonstrating results.

Investment is also growing in quantum in the US and in Europe and with Asian allies. The Japanese government recently announced that intends to enter the global quantum computing race by putting its first domestically produced quantum computer into service within the current fiscal year ending March 2023. “The government strategy aims to reach 10 million quantum technology users in Japan by 2030 and to create an environment where it can be used in such varied fields as medicine, banking and new materials development.” Tokyo proposes first domestic quantum computer use by March 2023 | The Japan Times

The U.S. Government, including NSA, DOD, DHS, NIST have been preparing for a potential Q-Day by requiring new quantum proof standards for algorithms. “NSA views quantum-resistant (or post-quantum) cryptography as a more cost effective and easily maintained solution than quantum key distribution. For all these reasons, NSA does not support the usage of QKD or QC to protect communications in National Security Systems and does not anticipate certifying or approving any QKD or QC security products for usage by NSS customers. This is a perfect time and opportunity for QCI’s Quantum Private Communication Network and other post quantum technology applications to be to tested and deployed in the Zero-trust environment. National Security Agency/Central Security Service > Cybersecurity > Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Cryptography QC (nsa.gov)

Stopping the threat of adversaries decrypting valuable data extracted from networks, agencies, data centers, and companies, by adversaries has also become a legislative priority. In December of 2022 Congress, passed the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act into law. The legislation, directs the Office of Management and Budget “to prioritize the migration of federal information technology systems to post-quantum cryptography and come up with guidance for the federal assessment of critical systems based on the standards that the National Institute of Standards and Technology will issue for post-quantum cryptography.” This is a great step as it mandates forward thinking about our quantum era and the security implications of not being prepared.

Governments are not the only players. Industry, including Intel, Google, IBM, D-Wave, and others are very active in investments in quantum capabilities and approaches. Academia is also getting more involved in quantum. In an important development, scientists with the Chicago Quantum Exchange (CQE) at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering announced that they’ve connected the city of Chicago and suburban labs with a quantum network. The Chicago network will be opened to academia and industry as one of the nation’s first publicly-available testbeds for quantum security technology. Chicago expands and activates quantum network, taking steps toward a secure quantum internet | Chicago Quantum Exchange

The University of Chicago and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are two leading universities to follow for more on quantum developments. Also, for researchers, The Quantum Security Alliance and IEEE Quantum are two good resources that bring academia, industry, and US government entities together to identify, define, collaborate on quantum computing technology innovations. Welcome to Quantum Security Alliance About - IEEE Quantum

Certainly, quantum technology, especially quantum computing, has amazing potential that could revolutionize everything from communications, real-time data analytics, bio tech, genomic sequencing, and materials sciences. Quantum computing will also accelerate us into the future by impacting the landscape of artificial intelligence and the Metaverse. But with the good, we have to plan and prevent the bad, most critically data which is the lifeblood of economies and commerce. Starting now, a quantum proof cybersecurity path is an important one to follow.

Chuck Brooks is President of Brooks Consulting International, is a globally recognized thought leader and subject matter expert Cybersecurity and Emerging Technologies. Chuck is also an Adjunct Faculty at Georgetown University’s Graduate Applied Intelligence Program and the Graduate Cybersecurity Risk Management Programs. Cyber Express named Chuck “Cybersecurity Person of the Year” for 2022. LinkedIn named Chuck as one of “The Top 5 Tech People to Follow on LinkedIn.” He was named as one of the world’s “10 Best Cyber Security and Technology Experts” by Best Rated. He is also a Cybersecurity Expert for “The Network” at the Washington Post, Visiting Editor at Homeland Security Today, Expert for Executive Mosaic/GovCon, and a Contributor to FORBES.  Chuck has an MA from the University of Chicago, and a BA from DePauw University.

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What are the potential threats of quantum computers?

threatening national security through breaking encryption

What fields can quantum computers advance?

China has matched and, in some areas, even surpassed competition through coordinated central planning and investment.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is responsible for 37% of global quantum information technology patent applications (compared to the US's 28%) and has operationalized increasingly powerful superconducting quantum computers, such as the 'Origin Wukong' (72 qubits) and the 504-qubit 'Xiaohong' chip.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

These milestones denote a shift from laboratory research to industrial application.

What are important areas in quantum research?

China's government channels significant funding towards both domestic firms and academic research, supporting public cloud access to advanced quantum systems and a focus on secure, domestic infrastructure.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

China was also the third country—after the US and Canada—to deliver a quantum computing system ('Wuyan', 24 qubits) to a customer, evidencing technical maturity and the goal of reducing foreign technology reliance.

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Content: Computing

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

China Delivers Its First Practical Quantum Computer System to a Customer

China’s Science Ministry on Monday announced that the country’s first practical quantum computer was delivered to a user, which the agency didn’t identify, a year ago.

The 24-qubit Wuyan system based on superconducting technology was built by Origin Quantum Computing Technology, a company founded in 2017 by two of the country’s leading quantum physicists, Guo Guoping and Guo Guangcan. A qubit in the quantum world performs functions akin to bits in the digital world.

With the on-premises installation of the Wuyan system, China became the third country, after Canada and the United States, to deliver a complete quantum computer system to a customer.

Some skeptics questioned the timing of the announcement.

“Quantum technology has a high priority for national security in China. If this were something very important, I doubt it would be disclosed like this in a transparent way by Chinese authorities,” explained Weifeng Zhong, a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center of George Mason University in Fairfax, Va.

“The fact that it was delayed for a year suggests that they realize now that it’s not important to national security, so they’re trying to use it to build China’s image as a technology leader at a time when they’re trying to open up their economy to the rest of the world,” Zhong told TechNewsWorld.

Important Step

However, Hodan Omaar, a senior AI policy analyst at the Center for Data Innovation, a think tank studying the intersection of data, technology, and public policy, in Washington, D.C., maintained the announcement shows that China has made an important step in its quantum development.

“Overcoming technical challenges on the path toward large-scale quantum computers will depend on the ability to scale the number of qubits in quantum systems, much like modern classical computers have depended on the growth in the number of transistors in superconducting chips,” Omaar told TechNewsWorld.

“Investing in near-term quantum computing applications helps bolster the development of longer-term use cases of the technology, thereby helping to improve competitiveness,” she added.

Skip Sanzeri, co-founder and COO of QuSecure, a maker of quantum-safe security solutions in San Mateo, Calif., called the announcement “formidable” because China is stating that they have a fully functional quantum computer, albeit the qubit count is low.

“Nonetheless, error correction and noise reduction are two significant factors in ensuring that a quantum computer can process data and provide applications that we can rely on,” Sanzeri told TechNewsWorld. “By announcing that they have been able to get to this level shows that China is making progress towards larger quantum computers.”

Bucking a Trend

The Wuyan system appears to be on par with other systems in the market, noted Heather West, a senior research analyst at IDC’, an international market research company.

“The fact that they sold a 24 qubit system to someone isn’t that different from what we’re seeing elsewhere around the world,” West told TechNewsWorld.

Delivering a standalone system like the Wuyan is actually bucking the current trend in the market.

“Most quantum computers that people are accessing today are accessed through the cloud,” explained Doug Finke, an analyst with Global Quantum Intelligence, an international market intelligence firm.

“This Wuyan computer is being delivered to a customer in an on-premise situation,” Finke told TechNewsWorld. “On-premise has a lot of disadvantages. You have to worry about maintenance. You have to worry about spare parts. You have to worry about calibration.”

“In addition,” he continued, “quantum computing innovation is so fast that they become obsolete in about two years. So few people want an on-premise quantum computer. They’re much more comfortable with the cloud.”

Superconducting Challenges

The Wuyan system is built using superconducting chip technology, one of the earliest technologies for quantum computers. Since its introduction, other technologies have been explored. They include photonics, trapped ions, and neutral atoms.

“At the moment, no one knows which technology will be the winner or if there’ll be a combination of technologies that will combine for efficacious quantum applications,” Sanzeri said.

“Superconducting is very difficult,” he explained. “It requires near zero Kelvin refrigeration.”

“The electrons used in superconducting quantum computers are very hard to manage due to very short coherence times,” he continued. “That’s why they must be cooled to such a low temperature.”

Other methods are managing longer coherence times and a faster path to the desired goal of 1,000 error-corrected qubits, he added.

“The million-dollar question is what technology will win the race to the fault-tolerant quantum computer,” West said. “There might not be one winner. There might not be one system that comes out on top. It might be that certain kinds of systems are better than others at solving certain kinds of problems.”

Long View

Omaar countered that superconducting chips have a number of advantages over competing technologies.

“First, superconducting qubits are solid-state electrical circuits that are easier to control because they are manipulated using microwaves,” she said. “Scientists can therefore use easily accessible commercial microwave devices and equipment in superconducting quantum computing applications.”

“Second,” she continued, “because preparing superconducting circuits is based on the existing method for fabricating semiconductor chips, the development of high-quality devices can leverage advanced chip-making technologies, which is good for manufacturing and scalability.”

Despite developments like China’s Wuyan system, the arrival of a quantum computer that can tackle problems beyond the capacity of silicon computers appears to be years away.

“What quantum computers are going to be best for is solving complex, intractable problems beyond the scope of classical compute technology,” West said. “Those problems are years away from a quantum computer solving.”

“To get to that, we need at least a million qubits,” she continued. “That’s going to take a lot of work in scaling and stabilizing the qubits. Qubits are very sensitive to outside noise. As a result, the error rates are high in the technology we have.”

Despite the exuberance exhibited by many, we’re still in the early days of quantum computing, added Richard Stiennon, founder and chief research analyst at IT-Harvest, a cybersecurity industry analyst firm in Birmingham, Mich.

“There are many physical constraints on quantum computing that require precision in length of pathways — we are talking microns — and resistance to forces — footsteps can interfere with it. Supercooled chips just add to the complexity,” Stiennon told TechNewsWorld.

“I put it in the same realm as developing usable nuclear fusion as an energy source,” he said. “Hundreds of billions of dollars and decades to show a glimmer of progress.”

John P. Mello Jr. has been an ECT News Network reporter since 2003. His areas of focus include cybersecurity, IT issues, privacy, e-commerce, social media, artificial intelligence, big data and consumer electronics. He has written and edited for numerous publications, including the Boston Business Journal, the Boston Phoenix, Megapixel.Net and Government Security News. Email John.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Their strategic focus extends to cybersecurity and communications, with investment in quantum-safe cryptography and quantum key distribution .

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Europe has established a multi-country strategy emphasizing collaboration, sharing of scientific resources, and targeting diverse quantum technology applications.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Governments, venture capital, and private companies together have invested billions of euros in the past decade.

Title:

Content: Satyam Priyadarshy

Rajesh Mehta

Governments, venture capitalists, and private companies have invested billions of dollars in quantum computing in the last 10 years. Recently, at the Puzzle X conference held in Barcelona, it was evident that Europe is preparing to take on the leadership role to push the boundaries of quantum computing ecosystem. So, what is quantum computing?

Bits to Qubits

In simple words, quantum computing combines the fields of quantum mechanics and computer science. It moves us beyond Bits to Qubits. In traditional computer science, the information is stored and manipulated using bits that have two discrete states, 0 and 1, while in the quantum computing world, Qubits can represent both states at the same time, thus allowing for a high degree of parallelism, enabling by phenomena of “interference, superposition, and entanglement.”

Such parallelism allows quantum computers to tackle computational challenges that become a limiting factor for traditional computers.

Wide applications

Many companies in the quantum computing field are engaged in solving complex problems that could significantly impact the fields of drug development, material design, energy transition, finance, security, and defense.

All nations must address various aspects of the quantum computing ecosystem sooner than later due to China’s quantum computing activities.

The National Quantum Mission (NQM) was approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on April 19, 2023.

With a budget of ₹6,003 crore over eight years, it aims to create, develop, and nurture the quantum technology ecosystem in the country.

The goal of the mission is to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1,000 physical qubits in various platforms like superconducting and photonic technology. Satellite-based secure quantum communications between ground stations over a range of 2,000 km within India, long-distance secure quantum communications with other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution over 2,000 km, as well as multi-node quantum networks with quantum memories, are among the other deliverables. The technology is expected to break ground in communications, cryptography, intelligence, fossil fuel exploration, space research, and drug design.

As we step into 2024, an increased set of activities to solve complex challenges will be addressed by combining the tools of Artificial Intelligence and Quantum computing.

Priyadarshy is a pioneer in the fields of Quantum Mechanics, Data Science, Big Data and Emerging Technologies; Mehta is an International Consultant in the field of Market Entry, Innovation and Public Policy

COMMENT NOW

The European quantum ecosystem supports research into drugs, material design, energy, security, and finance.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The region’s approach features large-scale collaborative research initiatives among major science hubs in the UK, Germany, France, and the Netherlands, facilitated by significant EU funding.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

This joint effort allows Europe to maintain competitiveness despite lacking a global corporate giant analogous to IBM or Google .

Canada is recognized as a leader in quantum technology innovation, with government-backed national strategies and substantial investments.

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Content: There were 1,711 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 342,181 in the last 365 days.

Supporting Canada's leadership in quantum computing to grow the economy and create jobs

TORONTO, Jan. 23, 2023 /CNW/ - Quantum technologies are at the leading edge of science and innovation. As Canadian researchers, workers and businesses continue to demonstrate leadership on the world stage in innovating and developing quantum technologies, we have the potential to transform how we work and live in Canada and around the world – in areas from fighting climate change to making advancements in health care. The Government of Canada will continue to support Canadian companies to help them keep growing and staying competitive, while driving economic growth and creating highly skilled and well-paying jobs for Canadians.

The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, today announced a new federal investment of $40 million to enable the Toronto-based Canadian quantum computing company Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc. to build and commercialize the world's first photonic-based, fault-tolerant quantum computer. Once developed, this computer will have the potential to provide world leading capabilities to help solve complex data problems and could be used in a variety of sectors such as finance, transportation, environmental modelling, and health.

Supported through the government's Strategic Innovation Fund, this $177.8 million project is expected to create 530 new highly skilled positions in the high-tech and quantum computing fields.

Home to some of the world's largest quantum tech hubs, Canada is well positioned to become a global leader in the developing quantum sector, which will create new opportunities for Canadians and Canadian businesses. The Government of Canada will continue to invest in innovative companies to grow the economy and create highly skilled and well-paying jobs for Canadians.

Quotes

"Quantum technology is changing the world as we know it. With the potential to solve difficult problems in key areas such as health care, finance, and climate sciences, this sector expands the realm of possibility. Today's announcement is great news for Canadian workers and businesses. This investment will bring good jobs, spur economic growth, boost innovation, and solidify Canada as a world leader in quantum technology."

— The Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada

"Quantum technologies will set the course of the future and thanks to companies like Xanadu, Canada is at the forefront ready to lead. With today's announcement, our government is strengthening Canada's position in quantum technology and helping to create more economic growth and good jobs for Canadians. We'll continue to build this sector through our National Quantum Strategy and support made-in-Canada technology so Canada remains a world leader for decades to come."

— The Hon. François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry

"The government's continued investment in quantum technologies has been invaluable to our success. We are proud to be a Canadian company and, with this investment, are excited to enter the next phase in our mission to build quantum computers that are useful and available to people everywhere."

— Christian Weedbrook, Founder and CEO, Xanadu

Quick Facts

  • Since the birth of quantum science more than 100 years ago, quantum technologies have been the source of many game-changing innovations such as semiconductors and the laser.
  • Quantum science is the study, manipulation, and control of systems at the atomic and subatomic level.
  • It is estimated that by 2045, the Canadian quantum industry will be a $139 billion industry, including all economic effects, and account for over 200,000 jobs, according to a study commissioned by the National Research Council in 2020.
  • Earlier this month, the Government of Canada launched its National Quantum Strategy, which invests an additional $360 million to help solidify Canada as a global leader in quantum technologies.
  • Over the past 10 years, the Government of Canada has invested more than $1 billion in quantum research and science.
  • Additionally, the government has invested in bringing new quantum technologies to the Canadian and global markets, including investments through Canada's regional development agencies, the Strategic Innovation Fund, and the National Research Council of Canada's Industrial Research Assistance Program.
  • Xanadu is a notable contributor to Canada's innovation ecosystem and has committed to continuing to support innovation, growth, and Canada's research and development sector.
  • Founded in 2016, Xanadu is a Toronto-based Canadian quantum computing company with the mission to build quantum computers that are useful and available to people everywhere. Xanadu has become one of the world's leading quantum hardware and software companies and leads the development of PennyLane, an open-source software library for quantum computing and application development.

Associated Links

This document is also available at https://pm.gc.ca

SOURCE Prime Minister's Office

View original content: http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/January2023/23/c3179.html

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Recent noteworthy developments include over $1 billion invested in quantum research over the past decade, an additional $360 million allocated through Canada’s National Quantum Strategy, and specific projects such as a $40 million fund for Xanadu Quantum Technologies to develop the world’s first photonic-based, fault-tolerant quantum computer.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Canada also became an early provider of delivered quantum computer systems, showing strong commercial capability .

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

India is advancing rapidly through major government initiatives.

The National Mission on Quantum Technology and Applications (NMQTA) involves a government investment exceeding $1 billion.

India's program emphasizes catching up with leading nations by promoting domestic research infrastructure, addressing funding challenges, and reversing research brain drain.

Major goals include developing quantum computers and secure quantum communications infrastructure .

What are important areas in quantum research?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Japan, South Korea, and Russia similarly invest heavily.

Japan focuses on cross-sector collaboration, with big electronics firms and academic institutions jointly developing both hardware and software solutions.

Russia is undertaking a national quantum computing program with a planned investment of 24 billion rubles, aiming to create domestically controlled quantum computation resources.

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Content: China gives users cloud access to 504 qubit quantum computer
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China Telecom Quantum Group and QuantumCTek will develop a quantum computer based on a new 504-qubit chip.
Qubits are the basic unit of information in quantum processors and quantum computing.
According to Xinhua, the quantum computer will become the most productive in China, and its computing power will be available via the cloud to a wide range of users around the world.
The superconducting chip, called Xiaohong, developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences ’ Innovative Research Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, will become the most powerful in China, capable of performing kilocopit measurements, the agency said.
The developer team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences said the chip's technical specifications will compete with international advanced developments in quantum computers.
China Telecom Quantum Group deputy general manager Fan Zhang said the chip will enable users in various fields to conduct research on problems and algorithms of practical importance and accelerate the implementation of quantum computing in practice.
He added that his company will develop on the basis of the new chip the local quantum computer and through its own cloud platform will provide foreign users with access to its computing power.
In November 2019, Rosatom announced the launch of a project to develop a local quantum computer.
The cost of the project is estimated at 24 billion rubles.
In order to realize the project, the National Quantum Laboratory was established in 2020, which included JV Kvant, the Russian Quantum Center and 19 leading universities in the country.
Source: TASS
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Taiwan and the United Arab Emirates have fostered global alliances through scientific conferences and cooperation, recognizing that international partnerships are essential in a field requiring pooled expertise and resources .

Corporate Leadership and Notable Achievements

In the private sector, IBM is the most prominent corporation, offering cloud-accessible quantum computers and partnering with global universities, corporations, and governments.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

IBM's world's first integrated quantum computing system, IBM Quantum System One

Google achieved a widely publicized “quantum supremacy” milestone in 2019, demonstrating that a quantum computer could solve a problem faster than any known conventional supercomputer, although the practical significance of this demonstration is debated.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

Microsoft, through its Azure Quantum platform, and Honeywell, with novel trapped-ion technology, also vie for dominance.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Startups such as Xanadu, Rigetti, and D-Wave contribute innovations, particularly in alternative hardware approaches like photonics or non-gate-based architectures .

What are important areas in quantum research?

Lessons Learned

Several key lessons have emerged:
1.

No single quantum computing architecture (superconducting qubits, trapped ions, photonics, neutral atoms, etc.) has definitively prevailed.

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India is not too late in quantum computing: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research's Rajamani Vijayaraghavan

Investment in quantum tech has crossed $36 billion globally. It is billed to be the next big thing in tech after semiconductors and artificial intelligence. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) scientist says India is lagging, but can catch up

April 06, 2023 / 11:23 AM IST

Professor Rajamani Vijayaraghavan

When Professor Rajamani Vijayaraghavan was not present at a quantum tech conference in New Delhi last week, he was missed by his peers.

As scientists, bureaucrats, military officers and startup executives gathered for a conversation on the way forward for India’s quantum technology ambitions, the general feeling was that Vijayaraghavan should have been there.

Quantum computing taps the unique behaviour of quantum physics to solve certain problems that are too complex for traditional computing.

If semiconductor technology was the first giant leap in computing and Artificial Intelligence is the current disruptor, it is probably going to be quantum technology next. Quantum computing, conceived by Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman in the early 1980s, was mostly studied in university labs in the US and Europe until the turn of the millennium.

As advances took place, tech behemoths like Google, International Business Machines (IBM) and Intel threw their hat in the ring with billions of dollars in investment. According to an estimate, China has invested $15 billion even as global funding in the technology has topped $36 billion.

At the New Delhi conclave last week, a senior defence official said the wars of the future will be fought on the quantum front. While sizeable quantum computers do not yet exist, the fear among governments and industry is that it will be a Y2K moment once the technology comes to life.

Apart from strategic affairs, quantum tech is also expected to play a central role in areas like drug discovery, financial modelling, weather forecasting and fighting climate change.

Moneycontrol spoke with Professor Vijayaraghavan, a quantum computing scientist at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) who returned to the country a decade ago after studying at the universities of Cambridge, Yale and Berkeley, to take stock of India’s progress in the area.

Edited excerpts:

At the quantum tech conclave in Delhi last week, it seemed as though most Indian quantum start-ups are working on secure communications rather than quantum computing. Why so?

See, in terms of the technology required for doing quantum key distribution (for secure communications), or associated areas like quantum random number generators, it is now fairly well developed internationally. Also, the essential tools and core pieces of hardware and things you need are relatively low-cost and easily available, compared to quantum computing.

If you shift to quantum computing, even if you just take a very basic estimate, it needs about a million dollars just to set up a very basic lab. This was the kind of funding that was given to me when I started in TIFR about 10 years ago, just to have a very basic setup and do simple experiments.

I'm not even talking about the resources you need to develop prototypes and technology. And even this $1 million is an underestimate, because there are other facilities, which were already existing in the institute for device fabrication, clean rooms, and other tools. If I count all of those, then you are talking about a couple of million dollars, at the very least, to get started.

Now, of course, a company could hire these resources from other places. But such facilities don't exist in India, and as of now, even internationally, they are limited, where a company with no infrastructure of their own, but just the idea and expertise could go to a place and say, hey, you know, here is my design, manufacture this for me, and we will put it together.

Experts say that India first missed the bus in taking a lead in semiconductor technology and now even in artificial intelligence. They say it is now or never if we want to be leaders in quantum computing. What is your take?

I broadly agree with it, but let me expand on that. Before something becomes close to technology, there is decades of basic research where they are not even thinking about technology. I started my PhD in the year 2001, i.e. over 22 years back. And that was a turning point when the field of quantum computing was taking off. That was on the back of basic research in quantum computing from the 1980s.

It is absolutely true that if you want to do this, you have to do it now. And with this particular technology, we are not so far behind. Barring a few areas where things have sort of more or less been figured out, we still need several breakthroughs. Even though it looks like IBM has reached so many qubits (a qubit is the basic unit of information in quantum computing) and Google that many, they still don't have a useful quantum computer today. None of these quantum computers that exist anywhere in the world are really useful in the sense that they can replace something to do the work much better.

At how many qubits do you think we can solve real world problems better than existing supercomputers?

It really depends on what you mean by qubits. So there is this notion of physical qubits and logical qubits. The difference is that physical qubits are unstable. Unlike conventional bits in our regular computers, which are extremely stable, and you don't have to worry about them at all, these things are not stable. They actually randomly change their state and give rise to errors. And this happens over a certain timescale, which can be as short as 10s of microseconds or a few milliseconds.

Today’s quantum computers are essentially limited in how long you can use them, or essentially, what is the longest calculation you can run before you can't trust the results of what the computer is outputting. This is a fundamental problem across all quantum computing platforms today. There are some clear paths to solve this, but it is not clear which particular method would win.

And this is where I want to go back to my earlier point that India is not too late. If we invest now, we could create those breakthroughs that can make this technology useful. If enough people start working, and it's not just one or two people in the entire country, then you can hope that these breakthroughs can happen here. And then that will allow us to take a lead in some areas.

In your estimate, how many people are working on quantum computing in India vis-a-vis the US or other countries?

For superconducting qubit research, as of now, there are four people in India. I was the first one who started about 10 years ago, and then two others started maybe about six and four years ago, and one has just joined.

In the US, there are at least 20 or more academic labs, in addition to Google, IBM, or national labs like Fermilab, and I'm not even counting theoretical groups. Many of them have been working for over 20 years or so. And you know, similarly, in Europe, there will be at least 10 to 15 labs just in superconducting quantum computing.

If you look into some of the other subfields like trapped ion quantum computing, it's even smaller.

One of the major issues in advanced research is brain drain. Many of our best researchers still tend to settle abroad. Is more funding alone going to solve this to an extent? What tipped the scales for you to return?

Decisions about moving back to India can be very complicated, you know. There are all kinds of personal and professional reasons, but the point is very simple. You cannot attract someone to come to India to work in a field that requires a certain level of investment by telling them that we will not give it to you.

For me, I always wanted to come back to India and do something if it is possible. And once I finished my PhD, I started looking around and realised that there are lots of labs, which are fairly high-tech and at the cutting edge. Funding seemed to have improved in the previous few years or decade. It was important that I would be able to do the kind of research I was interested in doing rather than compromise. If that had not happened, I would have taken up a job abroad.

Has the funding scenario gotten better since then?

It's now becoming better, at least among the bigger institutes, but it's still quite a challenge. There is no real guarantee that you will get the kind of funding needed for experimental quantum research, and we are trying to solve this problem with the new funding programmes.

There is a reluctance to invest so much money in a new person. The idea of a startup grant is very clear in the West – your offer letter clearly says that you will get $1 million and you have to spend it in the next four to five years… everything is spelt out. We are not able to do that.  You have to keep your fingers crossed and hope for the best.

This actually does pose a barrier to entry because it's not competitive. If I have offers from an Indian institute, where everything is ambiguous, and some other foreign Institute, where everything is clearly spelt out, then it is very difficult to make a decision in favour of the former. Unless, of course, there are personal reasons to be in the country.

It should be a much more streamlined process for the government to disburse funds now as many new advanced research and academic institutes have come up. What are we missing here?

Oh, no. It is not easy at all. The bigger institutes have some advantages in terms of flexibility of using their funds, but it is not easy to get big grants. Currently, the amount that you can get for a standard Department of Science and Technology (DST) project is Rs 10 lakh-50 lakh. That’s the typical range. Special programmes can provide bigger funding but they are rare.

Usually, it is easier to get big funding when a new institute is being built to set up new facilities. From thereon, things get tougher as you reach a steady state. Look, you need investment if you want to work in quantum tech. Of course, one can make a call that ‘Okay, we cannot afford this research, so we will not do it.’ But if you want to, there is no other option, you have to find ways to support this.

A few years back, the DST started a programme called QUEST (Quantum Enabled Science and Technology) where 50 scientists got funded with a combined funding of about Rs 200 crores. It was the first major effort in funding quantum tech research where an individual group could have hoped to get something of the order of Rs. 5 to 10 crore, which is the minimum you need to set up a lab working in quantum tech.

Was this part of the Rs 8,000 crore quantum national mission announced in the 2020 budget?

No, this was a different programme where the first discussions started in 2017 and the money started coming in  2019-2020. Unfortunately, it was right in the middle of the pandemic, when you know, things were shut, and we couldn't spend the money. On top of that, as part of the pandemic-related things, the government made it very difficult to import things.

The National Mission on Quantum Technology and Applications (NMQTA) with a proposed budget of Rs 8,000 crore is expected to launch sometime soon. Probably, you know, in the next few months. We have been working on it.

Can you tell us more about the import policy?

It was introduced in the summer of 2020. This was not a science policy. This was a government procurement policy. You know, on the face of it, it seems like a good idea. They wanted to encourage Indian industry and push for self-reliance. On paper, it sounds great. And it might even work for certain types of government procurement.

They're basically saying that if you're supported by government funds, you have to prioritise Indian-manufactured goods. And the way they implemented it is by saying that if something costs more than Rs 5 lakh and you want to import it, you have to go through a new procedure and get a waiver before you can even float a global tender.

In the beginning, we were surprised, and we said, okay, maybe they just didn't think about scientific procurement. So, in a few months, they will fix it but it didn't happen. It took about six to seven months before some exception was given. But there is no blanket exception given for scientific procurement.

They reduced the number of signatures required by one and made some exceptions. Unfortunately, even there, because of a lack of clarity, every institute has interpreted the rules differently. And we are definitely facing a lot of problems still. In the best-case scenario, we are still wasting about three months just to get approval to import an item.

Does most scientific procurement happen from abroad?

The problem is to assume that there is an Indian option and we are actively choosing not to use it. That is not the case for 99 percent or even more. It is a well-known fact that for scientific high-tech equipment, there is no manufacturing happening in India… there are no companies which exist. But, we have to now prove it with paperwork to get the waiver. Even if we invest Rs 8,000 crore, it won’t work if these kinds of policies are not fixed. We are wasting a bulk of the time just doing this paperwork, and not actually doing research.

It might be more fruitful if you create opportunities in the nation for companies to come together and manufacture at least some of the things in India. But, when you have not had a manufacturing base in a certain technology for decades, how can you start doing that overnight? And in many cases, it might not even make economic sense for a company because it's a niche market.

Is it possible for India to build an indigenous quantum computer?

In today's globalised world, nothing is going to be fully indigenous. For superconducting qubits, you can innovate the design of the chip and make it here, but the lithographic machines and dilution refrigerators have to come from outside.

There is a section which says we can just use quantum computing on the cloud that foreign tech companies provide. Isn’t there a possibility that the use cases of quantum on the cloud will be limited?

As I said earlier, none of the available quantum computers are doing anything useful better than classical computers at present. When it happens in the future, and it will, you might be able to use cloud-based systems for many applications. On one hand, we can continue to be just a leader in the software layer. One could decide that we will develop the best quantum software in the world, but we will never develop any hardware.

The problem really comes when you start talking about strategic applications – whether the cloud company will provide you with the best systems they have access to. That's the fundamental question we have to ask ourselves.

We don’t have a quantum computer, but startups are providing a solution called quantum key distribution (QKD) for secure communications. How do we know it is really secure if they have not been tested against a quantum computing hack?

QKD fundamentally relies on the fact that if somebody tries to interfere, you will know. And the trick in any secret communication is that if two parties can exchange a key without anybody else knowing, then the information you transmit using encoding based on that key is secure. Quantum key distribution is a method where the laws of physics guarantee that the key you have exchanged has not been intercepted by anybody else. Because the moment somebody intercepts, you will know and you will discard that key. It cannot be broken by even a quantum computer. So you don't need to test it against a quantum computer.

A bureaucrat was saying that enterprises are concerned that they might be sold classical computing solutions in the garb of quantum tech. So the government is trying to bring a quantum certification programme. Would it have the bandwidth to do such accreditation?

You have to look at this slightly differently. There are things in quantum which are impossible in classical. So if whatever you're purchasing is actually carrying out that task, it cannot do it the classical way. And if there are applications where both classical and quantum can do that, then it is unclear why you would bother unless there is a cost advantage or a performance advantage for the quantum solution.

As a business or an enterprise that wants some problem solved, you will put the problem statement, and the quantum company will say this is the solution. So, why do you care what is inside? The bureaucrat was probably referring to quantum communication systems where you want some central body to verify that the system is really secure and meets certain standards. I believe the government is setting up such bodies for various quantum technologies.

Deepsekhar Choudhury Deepsekhar covers tech and startups at Moneycontrol. Tweets at @deepsekharc

Most research and commercial roadmaps hedge across multiple approaches, and current quantum computers are limited in both number of qubits and error rates.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

high error rates
only small quantum computers available

Companies and countries thus maintain parallel investments in various technologies to maximize their chances of ultimately achieving a fault-tolerant system .

2. Collaborative approaches—both public-private partnerships within countries and international alliances—have accelerated progress: shared resources, cross-pollination of research, and pooled investments are necessary because the expertise and infrastructure required are highly specialized and expensive.

For example, multi-country conferences organized by Taiwan foster these alliances .

3. Strategic imperatives driven by national security and anticipated cryptographic threats spur massive investments and accelerate regulatory frameworks.

What are the potential threats of quantum computers?

threatening national security through breaking encryption

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing’s potential to break existing encryption standards is a priority concern, leading to policies such as the US Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act and similar laws across Asia and Europe .

What are the potential threats of quantum computers?

threatening national security through breaking encryption

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Cloud-based quantum computing platforms, pioneered by IBM and joined by others, have democratized access for universities and industries worldwide, fostering broader participation and innovation .

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

Trends and Market Outlook

The quantum computing market is projected to grow rapidly, with estimates suggesting a global market value of $234 billion by 2032 and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 37%.

Applications in drug discovery, materials science, optimization, and financial modeling receive the most attention due to their direct commercial potential.

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The strategic advantage for countries and corporations is clear: achieving quantum advantage or supremacy in these fields may translate into major scientific, economic, and political leverage .

In summary, the quantum computing arms race is defined by heavy public and private investments from the US, China, Europe, Canada, and others, in a context where technical uncertainty, rapid innovation, and national security concerns shape research strategies.

What fields can quantum computers advance?

While meaningful, large-scale quantum computers are not yet available for mainstream tasks, the lessons from the ongoing race illustrate the necessity of diversified research, international collaboration, sustained investment, and regulatory foresight in preparing for the transformative disruptions quantum computing promises to deliver.

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?