This revised report presents a comprehensive analysis of Saharan dust storms and their impacts on San Antonio, Texas, incorporating historical data and specific examples relevant to city planning and public health preparedness.

Saharan dust storms originate from the Sahara Desert's arid regions, where strong winds lift mineral dust into the atmosphere.

These dust plumes regularly cross the Atlantic Ocean, traveling several days before reaching parts of the Americas, including the Caribbean, Gulf Coast, and southern U.S. cities such as San Antonio.

In South Texas, these dust events are most common from late June through mid-August, driven by high-pressure systems that generate a southeasterly airflow, transporting the dust toward the region .

Historical records demonstrate that Saharan dust storms periodically impact air quality and visibility in San Antonio and surrounding areas.

For example, satellite imagery and air quality monitoring during July events frequently show elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations exceeding daily health standards.

While there is no comprehensive database quantifying all such events in San Antonio, research from nearby Houston illustrates significant increases in PM and airborne microbes linked to Saharan dust incursions .

During the July 2018 dust event in Houston, emergency departments reported spikes in respiratory complaints such as asthma exacerbations, reflecting health risks that likely parallel impacts in San Antonio given similar environmental exposure .

Air Quality Index (AQI) values during these events often reach levels classified as "unhealthy for sensitive groups," requiring public advisories.

Although specific power grid outages or traffic accident data directly linked to dust storms in San Antonio are limited, reports from other Gulf Coast cities suggest dust accumulation on electrical components increases the risk of equipment stress-related failures, especially during summer heat periods .

Similarly, visibility reduction from airborne dust can impair traffic safety and complicate emergency service operations .

Meteorologically, the Saharan Air Layer (SAL), a hot, dry, dust-laden air mass, influences San Antonio’s immediate weather during dust events by reducing humidity and suppressing thunderstorm formation, leading to diminished rainfall and sustained warm temperatures .

While quantitative temperature shifts attributable solely to Saharan dust are modest, the dust’s sunlight scattering produces dramatic sky coloration without substantial cooling or heating effects in the short term .

These atmospheric changes can last from several hours to days, with increased haze and decreased visibility as prominent phenomena.

Health impacts of Saharan dust storms in San Antonio include acute and chronic risks.

Immediately, inhalation of fine dust particles and microbes can trigger allergy-like symptoms, including sneezing, eye irritation, and nasal congestion.

Those with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, or cardiovascular diseases are particularly vulnerable to exacerbations during dust events, as particle-laden air inflames airways and reduces lung function .

Recent research from Texas A&M University has identified bacteria and fungi within Saharan dust, including pathogens capable of causing human disease, though the extent of infectivity under environmental exposure remains under study .

Long-term exposure concerns involve potential chronic respiratory issues due to repeated inhalation of particulate matter and deposited pollutants.

Infrastructure concerns are multifaceted.

The accumulation of fine dust on vehicles may degrade exterior surfaces and mechanical components if not promptly cleaned using recommended methods to avoid abrasion and catalyzed corrosion .

For power grids, dust deposits on transformers, insulators, and circuit breakers can elevate operating temperatures and electrical arcing risks, particularly during summer heat, potentially precipitating outages .

Although direct incidents linked to dust in San Antonio’s power system are not well-documented, analogous effects observed in the region warrant preemptive infrastructure inspection.

Dust-induced visibility reduction impacts traffic by increasing accident risk, necessitating coordination between traffic management and emergency response teams during dust events .

Public life in San Antonio is affected as outdoor activities and events may be limited or rescheduled due to air quality advisories.

Schools and workplaces should consider modifications during peak dust periods to protect sensitive individuals.

Local media and health departments have historically issued advisories recommending reduced outdoor exertion and mask usage, protocols that should be formalized for consistent city-wide application .

Positively, Saharan dust plays a crucial role in fertilizing ecosystems outside San Antonio, such as the Amazon rainforest and Caribbean Sea, by depositing minerals critical for soil and marine productivity .

Dust also reflects solar radiation, contributing modestly to surface cooling that partially counterbalances global warming trends.

Conversely, dust deposition can stress marine ecosystems like coral reefs by delivering harmful microbes and metals, and locally degrades air quality and visibility .

To prepare for Saharan dust storms, San Antonio city planners should implement the following detailed recommendations:

Public Health Measures:
- Issue timely air quality alerts and health advisories, focusing on sensitive populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory or cardiovascular illnesses.

- Promote the use of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) masks during dust events, especially outdoors.
- Encourage indoor air quality maintenance, including air purifiers and keeping windows closed during dust episodes.

Infrastructure and Power Grid Preparedness:
- Conduct preemptive inspections and cleaning of power grid equipment to remove accumulated dust and reduce overheating/arcing risks.
- Verify and test backup power generation capacity ahead of dust seasons.

- Develop contingency plans for rapid repair in case of dust-related outages.

Traffic and Emergency Services Management:
- Enhance roadway safety through increased warning signage and variable message signs during poor visibility.

- Coordinate with emergency response agencies to anticipate increased respiratory distress incidents and traffic accidents.
- Consider temporary speed reductions or travel advisories on affected roads.

Vehicle Care:
- Advise residents on proper vehicle cleaning techniques post-dust events to prevent surface damage.

- Disseminate information on mechanical checks to ensure dust does not impair vehicle functions.

Communication Strategy:
- Use multiple channels (social media, local news, community alerts) to inform the public about dust storm timing, expected impacts, and protective measures.

- Collaborate with health providers and schools on coordinated messaging.

A summary table outlining these mitigation actions, responsible agencies (public health, utilities, transportation departments), timelines (pre-season, during event, post-event), and trigger indicators (dust concentration thresholds, forecast advisories) would assist operational planning.

In summary, while Saharan dust storms present complex challenges to San Antonio’s environment, public health, and infrastructure, informed and coordinated preparedness can effectively mitigate their adverse effects.

Ongoing monitoring of air quality, emergency department visits, and infrastructure status during dust events will refine response strategies.

The anticipated increase in dust storm frequency and intensity under climate change further underscores the need to integrate these measures into San Antonio’s comprehensive urban resilience planning.

This report’s findings and recommendations are supported by multiple studies and observational records including those from Texas A&M University, NASA satellite imagery, and regional air quality agencies .

Further research is recommended to quantify dust storm impacts specific to San Antonio’s urban systems and refine adaptive strategies.

Overall, San Antonio city planners are advised to regard Saharan dust storms as predictable seasonal hazards requiring dedicated preparation across health, infrastructure, and public communication domains to safeguard citizens and maintain city functionality.

This revised report presents a comprehensive analysis of Saharan dust storms and their impacts on San Antonio, Texas, incorporating historical data and specific examples relevant to city planning and public health preparedness.

Title:

Content: 03-27-2024

Sahara desert dust storms carry harmful bacteria and fungi around the globe

We often dismiss springtime allergies as reactions to local pollen. Yet, something else might cause our sniffles and sneezes: a massive dust storms that originate thousands of miles away in Africa’s Sahara region.

These gargantuan dust plumes travel the globe every summer, carrying a cocktail of pollutants and potential pathogens across continents.

Dr. Shankar Chellam, a Texas A&M University professor is leading the charge to understand the biological hitchhikers within dust storms.

He and his team are working to determine what microbes, specifically bacteria and fungi, migrate with the dust and explore their potential impact on human health.

Hidden passengers in Sahara dust

“We all get allergies and potentially other more severe health effects when we breathe in dust, and it’s not fully known as to what causes those allergies,” said Dr. Chellam.

“Some people may think it is just the sand or clay minerals in the dust. Others think it is the metals or organics in the dust, and then some think it’s the bacteria and fungi.”

The Saharan dust cloud carries vast amounts of sand particles that transport bacteria and fungi.

Dr. Chellam’s research uniquely addresses how Saharan dust storms introduce these microbes into North America.

What the dust storm from Sahara tells us

Dr. Chellam and his team analyzed samples from a Saharan dust event that reached Houston in 2018. They measured metals, bacteria, and fungi to investigate any connections.

Fascinatingly, their findings revealed strong links between the biodiversity of the microbes and specific elements, especially calcium.

While these elements occur naturally in the Sahara, they also exist in our local environments. Pinpointing the exact origin of the dust and its cargo remains a challenge that scientists continue to tackle.

Our air – Not as empty as we think

Perhaps the most startling discovery is that even seemingly lifeless clouds of dust brim with biological activity.

“A key takeaway from this study is that a lot of biodiversity is not scientifically described. It doesn’t have a name, it can’t be cultured, and because it can’t be cultured, it’s difficult to study,” explained Dr. Daniel Spalink, assistant professor at Texas A&M.

The team’s high-tech DNA analysis allowed them to create an inventory of bacteria and fungi, even if the microbes themselves weren’t active.

Surprisingly, they found traces of several pathogens known to cause disease in humans, as listed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

“It doesn’t tell us if they are going to be able to infect us and make us sick,” Spalink cautions, “But at least the DNA of several pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified in the African dust.”

Impact of climate change on Sahara dust

Climate change is altering weather patterns globally. This transformation affects dust storm behavior, leading to variations in their frequency and intensity.

In 2020, the United States experienced the most massive Saharan dust storm ever recorded, which experts named “Godzilla.”

This event highlighted the potential for increasing occurrences of such dust invasions. “The whole dynamics of the Saharan dust coming to Houston is primarily driven by atmospheric processes,” said Dr. Sourav Das, a former student of Dr. Chellam.

Global connection of Sahara dust

Sahara dust storm travels far beyond the borders of North America, affecting global environmental systems in profound ways.

This dust, originating from the vast Sahara Desert, embarks on transcontinental journeys that influence climate, ocean biology, and ecosystems far removed from its source.

The Saharan dust plays a critical role in climate regulation. As it travels across oceans and continents, it reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth’s surface.

This natural phenomenon acts as a counterbalance to the warming effects of greenhouse gases, showcasing how desert dust can influence global temperatures.

However, the dust also carries microorganisms and nutrients, such as phosphorus, that fertilize remote ecosystems, from the Amazon rainforest to the Caribbean Sea, demonstrating nature’s complex nutrient cycles.

Benefits to oceans

Ocean biology benefits from the nutrient-rich dust as well. When Saharan dust settles on ocean waters, it delivers essential minerals that stimulate the growth of phytoplankton.

These microscopic plants form the foundation of the oceanic food chain, supporting a diverse array of marine life.

The influx of nutrients from the Sahara can thus boost marine productivity, affecting fish populations and the global fishing industry.

Disadvantages

The impact of Saharan dust is not universally beneficial. In ecosystems unaccustomed to the influx of foreign particles and nutrients, the dust can disrupt local environments.

For example, excessive dust deposition can smother coral reefs, blocking sunlight and hindering photosynthesis. This can stress coral ecosystems, leading to bleaching events and loss of biodiversity.

Moreover, the health implications of Saharan dust extend across continents. The dust carries not only nutrients but also pollutants and pathogens that can affect air quality and public health.

Communities in the path of these dust plumes may experience increased respiratory issues, allergies, and diseases, highlighting the need for global health monitoring and preparedness.

Study insights

It’s crucial to gather data across multiple dust events, spanning many years, to get a clearer picture of these airborne microbial communities and how they might transform over time.

While a lot remains unknown, research like this shines a spotlight on the hidden travelers swirling in the air we breathe — travelers who might be affecting our health in surprising ways.

The next time you catch a glimpse of a dust storm rolling in, remember the globe-trotting microbes it carries!

The findings of the study are published in Environmental Science & Technology.

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What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Saharan dust storms originate from the Sahara Desert's arid regions, where strong winds lift mineral dust into the atmosphere.

Title:

Content: Dust storm from Sahara to hit Türkiye

Dust storm from Sahara to hit Türkiye

İZMİR

A massive dust storm from the Sahara Desert is expected to shroud the country, with experts warning citizens, especially those with respiratory disorders, to take precautions.

Professor Dr. Doğan Yaşar, a climate scientist, cautioned that a period of intense dust transport will begin on March 25.

"Red-colored desert dust laden with iron particles will arrive in large quantities," he explained.

"While this dust fertilizes the soil and benefits agriculture, it can also trigger allergy symptoms like dry cough and sneezing, especially for people with asthma or other lung conditions,” he said.

Yaşar emphasized the importance of wearing masks during this period. "People with lung diseases should wear a particle-retaining mask for three weeks, if possible," he advised. "Regular masks can offer some protection as well."

"A single pine tree produces 12 billion pollen. Thus, during this period, pollen multiplies very intensively in the air. When we inhale this, we experience discomfort. It is especially dangerous for people with lung diseases such as asthma," he added.

The dust storm is a natural phenomenon that occurs annually, transporting around two billion tons of dust from the Sahara to various parts of the world. The professor highlighted the ecological benefits of this dust, which acts as a natural fertilizer. However, he cautions that the concentrated dust can irritate airways and exacerbate allergies.

While the dust storm may cause temporary inconveniences, Yaşar reassured citizens that there's no need for alarm.

"The dust benefits agriculture, but it's important to be aware of the potential health risks, especially for those with respiratory problems," he concluded.

dust storms, Türkiye,

These dust plumes regularly cross the Atlantic Ocean, traveling several days before reaching parts of the Americas, including the Caribbean, Gulf Coast, and southern U.S. cities such as San Antonio.

Title:

Content: Breaking News
More () »

San Antonians may want to stay indoors next week. Here's why.

A noticeable change in the air will arrive to the Alamo City next week.

SAN ANTONIO — San Antonio skies could look quite different next week but not in the way we're hoping for.

As San Antonians eagerly wait for rain to break our triple-digit temperatures another common occurrence will pick-up next week known as Saharan dust.

The dust is a combination of sand and dust traveling from North Africa across the Atlantic that peaking in late June through mid-August.

Light amounts of Saharan dust have arrived to the Alamo City this past week but will become more noticeable. Therefore, if you have asthma, COPD or any other type of respiratory illness you will want to stay indoors as much as possible during this time.

Timing of Saharan dust:

Monday - Little changes will be in the forecast as heavier amounts of dust remain over the gulf coast.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

Tuesday - A large moderate level of Saharan dust will move into South Texas and San Antonio by late afternoon. San Antonians may notice hazy skies and trouble breathing if you're more sensitive to dusty air. But the dust doesn't stop here.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

Wednesday - By mid-week Saharan dust ramps up continuing to build and push farther north stretching to the Dallas area. The continuing flow of the dust is partly due to a high pressure bringing a southeasterly flow to help pump the dust toward South Texas.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

Thursday - As the week progresses dust levels continue to rise and could affect air quality levels. For those with any respiratory illnesses they should avoid outdoor activity including vigorous exercise. Also try to keep windows and doors closed. We will continue to monitor this development next week.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

As dust increases across the area, San Antonians will notice more vibrant sunrises and sunsets. However, during the afternoons the sky appears a more milky white color.

Before You Leave, Check This Out

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

In South Texas, these dust events are most common from late June through mid-August, driven by high-pressure systems that generate a southeasterly airflow, transporting the dust toward the region .

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Historical records demonstrate that Saharan dust storms periodically impact air quality and visibility in San Antonio and surrounding areas.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

For example, satellite imagery and air quality monitoring during July events frequently show elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations exceeding daily health standards.

Title:

Content: Motorists are being warned of a potential threat to vehicles as weather maps indicate that a sizzling 'Saharan Plume' is approaching. The UK has so far experienced a week of wet and windy conditions, but hope is in sight for those seeking sunnier spells, as the temperatures are forecast to rise in the coming days.

Despite a week plagued by unpredictable weather, characterised by muggy temperatures and frequent rainfall, next week's forecasts hint at an upturn. From Sunday May 19 to Tuesday May 21, it's predicted we'll see a return of balmy temperatures and plenty of sunshine, making way for a potentially splendid half term break.

Predictions suggest the best of the weather will shine on the Midlands, Northeast England and Yorkshire, where certain regions are anticipated to bask in highs of around 23C.

Things are set to heat up even further come May 26, with London, the southeast and the south coast potentially seeing mercury levels touch a sweltering 24C. Meanwhile, the rest of the country is expected to stay comfortably above 20C.

Netweather reports that most of England can look forward to temperatures hovering between 22C and 24C. While a bit cooler, Wales will still have some spots surpassing 20C, with Northern Ireland showing a similar trend, reports the Mirror.

Adding their input, the Met Office has issued its own forecast for the upcoming week. Their prognosis for May 19 to May 28 is characterised as "changeable", with temperatures predicted to be "generally around or just above average."

The current forecast indicates: "Temperatures will be generally around or just a little above average. With winds tending to be light, it will feel warm in sunnier areas. As we head further into the following week, confidence lowers into the following week. On balance, a continuation of the showers in the south seems most likely, with the north continuing to see the best of any drier weather. Temperatures will probably remain a little above average."

There's growing speculation about another Saharan plume potentially warming up the UK soon. While the prospect of warmer weather might be welcome, it's important to note that such conditions can also pose risks to both people and vehicles.

One significant hazard associated with a Saharan plume is the dust it carries, which recently wreaked havoc across mainland Europe last month. This natural occurrence enchanted many with its hazy skies and vibrant sunsets, yet it also escalated air pollution levels, surpassing some of the European Union's safety thresholds in various regions, including popular vacation destination Spain.

In southern and eastern parts of the country, residents experienced air quality that was four times over the healthy limit for PM10 particle contamination, posing a particular threat to individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma.

The Saharan dust also poses a risk to vehicles, as the thin layer of dust that typically settles on cars after desert weather can scratch paintwork and windows if not properly removed. To safely clean off the dust without causing damage, motorists are advised not to rub or wipe the dust away, but to thoroughly rinse their vehicle first, ideally using a pre-wash, followed by a snow foam soak and a thorough rinse.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

While there is no comprehensive database quantifying all such events in San Antonio, research from nearby Houston illustrates significant increases in PM and airborne microbes linked to Saharan dust incursions .

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

During the July 2018 dust event in Houston, emergency departments reported spikes in respiratory complaints such as asthma exacerbations, reflecting health risks that likely parallel impacts in San Antonio given similar environmental exposure .

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Air Quality Index (AQI) values during these events often reach levels classified as "unhealthy for sensitive groups," requiring public advisories.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

Although specific power grid outages or traffic accident data directly linked to dust storms in San Antonio are limited, reports from other Gulf Coast cities suggest dust accumulation on electrical components increases the risk of equipment stress-related failures, especially during summer heat periods .

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Similarly, visibility reduction from airborne dust can impair traffic safety and complicate emergency service operations .

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Meteorologically, the Saharan Air Layer (SAL), a hot, dry, dust-laden air mass, influences San Antonio’s immediate weather during dust events by reducing humidity and suppressing thunderstorm formation, leading to diminished rainfall and sustained warm temperatures .

Title:

Content: Hurricane Killer? Here are some things you may not know about Saharan dust

Dust from Africa moves across the Atlantic every year from late spring to early fall

It’s a common visitor in the summer months: dust from the Saharan Desert. Hazy skies and occasional allergies are common issues caused by the dust. But did you know that this layer of dust is more interesting than it appears? Here are some things you may not know about Saharan dust:

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Millions of tons of dust are transported across the Atlantic every year
  • Nutrient-rich Saharan dust plays a crucial role in the global ecosystem
  • Dust suppresses hurricane development

WHOLE LOTTA DUST!

Every year, from late spring to early fall, trade winds transport 180 million tons of dust from the Saharan Desert across the Atlantic Ocean. Impressively, that’s as much as 4.5 million 18-wheelers full of dust!

NATURE’S BEST FRIEND

Saharan dust is often rich in nutrients like iron and phosphorus. As the dust settles over the ocean, it fertilizes algae and plankton, allowing them to grow and flourish in an otherwise barren environment. These organisms are vital sources of food for ocean life.

Similarly, as the dust settles over land, areas like the Amazon rainforest benefit from the extra nutrients.

HURRICANE EXTINGUISHER

The African dust that moves across the Atlantic Ocean is also called the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). The SAL occurs in waves at the same time as Atlantic hurricane season, from June through November.

It’s known that the SAL limits hurricane development and strength. This is because tropical storms like hurricanes need deep, rich moisture from the surface to the top of the atmosphere to survive. Since the air carrying Saharan dust is usually dry, it can prevent storms from forming and suppress existing storms from growing and strengthening.

DUST’S IMPACT ON TEXAS

While a dense plume of dust sometimes causes minor allergy-like symptoms for some, the most noticeable impact is on Texas skies. A haze often forms on the horizon, giving an ordinarily clear, blue sky a milky hue during the day.

At sunrise and sunset, the horizon can appear brilliantly orange because, with dust in the air, sunlight has more particles to bounce off.

About the Author

Sarah Spivey is a San Antonio native who grew up watching KSAT. She has been a proud member of the KSAT Weather Authority Team since 2017. Sarah is a Clark High School and Texas A&M University graduate. She previously worked at KTEN News. When Sarah is not busy forecasting, she enjoys hanging out with her husband and cat, and playing music.

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How does dust from the Sahara Desert affect solar energy?
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Research shows that dust storms coming from the Sahara Desert can severely damage solar energy production.
So, what can be done to better manage this problem?
Climate Now reports from Andalusia on efforts to beat the dust.
Announcement
On this month ’ s episode of Climate Now, we set out to southern Spain to report on the growing problem of Sahara dust, which has a significant impact on solar power generation.
Our visit to southern Spain comes as the Copernicus Climate Change Authority announced that we have seen the highest ever recorded temperature for May 2024, registering a temperature rise of 0.65 ° C above the 1991-2020 average.
This is the 12th consecutive month with the highest recorded temperature for the month in question.
In May 2024, we witnessed extreme weather conditions in many areas.
Floods in Brazil have displaced more than half a million people, temperatures in the Delhi region of India hit 49.9 degrees Celsius, its highest recorded to date, and Finland issued a heatwave warning of temperatures rising to more than 27 degrees Celsius.
In Europe, heavy rains led to flooding in southwestern Germany, Belgium, and northern Italy.
Massive losses in solar power generation due to Sahara dust
The dust of the Sahara Desert in Europe is famous for turning its skies orange, which reduces air quality and leaves a fine layer of dust on the roofs of homes and cars.
On the other hand, it causes another growing problem known as “dirty ” solar cells.
At Gianni University in Andalusia, we met with Dr. Eduardo Fernández and Professor Florencia Almonacid, who were among the authors of a recent paper that found that the severe dirt on the panels in March 2022 reduced solar capacity by up to 80 percent.
Dr Fernandez told Euronews: “It felt like we were on Mars where everything turned red. ”
March 2022 saw extreme weather, but even small amounts of dust could reduce the amount of sunlight reaching solar cells by 15%, and with the rapid growth of solar energy in Europe, losses from dirt could account for billions of euros a year.
Therefore, the research team at Jian University is using photovoltaic laboratories to find solutions.
Some scientists focus on developing dust-resistant layers, while others look at how dust accumulates with different weather conditions, such as high and low temperatures, and low rainfall.
There are many variables that need to be taken into account.
For example, dust grains may be of different sizes or colors, and can affect how well solar panel installations perform.
Even design elements make a difference, such as whether a painting is frameless or has a solid lip around its tip.
Professor Almonacid says that Sahara dust is particularly problematic: "Sahara dust particles are very fine.
It ’ s especially hard to clean. ”
The Cost and Benefit Dilemma of Solar Panel Cleaning
Renewable energy company Sonnedix faces the grime challenge every day, monitoring production from each solar power generation site and carefully calculating when cleaning PV panels is commercially feasible.
The cost of cleaning is considerable – around €400-500 per megawatt – so there are difficult choices to make depending on how the power plant is priced.
Joanne Fernandez, chief operating officer of the company, told Euronews: “As you generate electricity, every kilowatt-hour is important for the plant ’ s revenue, so this dust weather has a big impact. ”
He is now working with meteorologists to help plan cleaning sessions according to dirt weather conditions, and the amount of rainfall, as light spray may increase the soiling of the panels, and heavy rain may wash them away for free.
“Severe dust storms coming from the Sahara desert could actually lead to a significant reduction in production within the network, and this could cause a significant problem for the network operator, ” he explains.
“So forecasting, forecasting, and the ability to proactively manage the network is the most important, ” he says.
Announcement
Have dust storms from the Sahara increased due to climate change?
The recent increase in dust storms coming from the Sahara desert could be the result of natural climate variability, or it could be caused by something else.
A spokesman for the Copernicus Meteorological Authority told Euronews: “Although the arrival of dust plumes from the Sahara to Europe is not unusual, there has been an increase in the intensity and frequency of such weather conditions in recent years, and may be attributed to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. ”
There is some speculation that these changes in atmospheric air circulation patterns are linked to climate change.
Dust expert Dr. Eduardo Fernandez says: “Scientists are always cautious about drawing conclusions, and that should be the case, right? ”
“But what we ’ re seeing is that there ’ s been a dramatic increase in extreme weather conditions, not just in terms of slabs getting dirty, but also in terms of rainfall and wind blowing.
“We are recording more dust storms coming from the Sahara, and they are increasingly penetrating into larger areas in northern Europe, and there is, of course, suspicion that global warming is the cause, ” he concludes.
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These atmospheric changes can last from several hours to days, with increased haze and decreased visibility as prominent phenomena.

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Content: Dust storms from the Sahara desert spread invisible allergens around the world
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Many blame pollen when the allergy season begins, but there are “invisible travelers ” coming from the Sahara and Sahel region, who may be the cause of this allergy.
The huge dust plumes, which originate thousands of miles away in sub-Saharan Africa, travel by dust storms around the world every summer, carrying a mix of pollutants and potential pathogens across continents.
Dr. Shankar Chilam, a professor at Texas A & M University, led the task of understanding the biological movers within dust storms.
He and his team are working to identify microbes, specifically bacteria and fungi, that migrate with dust and explore their potential impact on human health.
Dr. Chillam ’ s research uniquely addresses how desert dust storms introduced these microbes into North America.
Dr Chillam and his team analysed samples of desert dust that arrived in Houston in 2018, measuring minerals, bacteria and fungi to check for any links.
Surprisingly, their findings revealed strong links between microbial biodiversity and specific elements, especially calcium.
While these elements occur naturally in the Sahara Desert, they are also found in local North American environments.
Identifying the exact source and payload of the dust remains a challenge that scientists continue to face.
Perhaps the most surprising discovery is that even seemingly lifeless dust clouds are full of biological activity.
High-tech DNA analysis allowed the team to create a reservoir of bacteria and fungi, even if the microbes themselves were not active.
Surprisingly, they found traces of several pathogens known to cause disease in humans, according to the World Health Organization.
Dr Daniel Spalink, an assistant professor at Texas A & M University, warns: “This doesn ’ t tell us whether they will be able to infect us and make us sick, but at least the DNA of many pathogenic bacteria and fungi has been identified in African dust. ”
Climate change is changing weather patterns globally.
This shift affects the behavior of dust storms, leading to differences in their frequency and severity.
The dust storm in the Sahara travels far beyond the borders of North America, affecting global ecosystems in profound ways.
The dust, which originates from the vast Sahara desert, is released on transcontinental journeys that affect climate, ocean biology and ecosystems far from its source.
As it travels across oceans and continents, desert dust reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth ’ s surface.
This natural phenomenon acts as a counterbalance to the greenhouse effects of greenhouse gases, illustrating how desert dust can affect global temperatures.
Dust also carries microorganisms and nutrients, such as phosphorus, which fertilises remote ecosystems, from the Amazon rainforest to the Caribbean Sea, demonstrating complex nutrient cycles in nature.
Ocean biology also benefits from nutrient-rich dust.
When desert dust settles on ocean waters, it provides essential minerals that stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that form the basis of the oceanic food chain and support a variety of marine life.
Thus, the flow of food from the Sahara could boost marine productivity, affecting fish populations and the global fishing industry.
But the effect of desert dust is not always beneficial, and in ecosystems unusual for the flow of foreign particles and nutrients, the dust can disrupt local environments.For example, excessive dust deposition can strangle corals, block sunlight and hinder photosynthesis.
Moreover, the health effects of desert dust extend across continents, where dust not only carries nutrients but also contaminants and pathogens that can affect air quality and public health.
Communities in the path of these dust plumes may face increased respiratory problems, allergies and diseases, highlighting the need for surveillance and global health preparedness.
Source: earth.com
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How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Health impacts of Saharan dust storms in San Antonio include acute and chronic risks.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Immediately, inhalation of fine dust particles and microbes can trigger allergy-like symptoms, including sneezing, eye irritation, and nasal congestion.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Those with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, or cardiovascular diseases are particularly vulnerable to exacerbations during dust events, as particle-laden air inflames airways and reduces lung function .

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Recent research from Texas A&M University has identified bacteria and fungi within Saharan dust, including pathogens capable of causing human disease, though the extent of infectivity under environmental exposure remains under study .

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Long-term exposure concerns involve potential chronic respiratory issues due to repeated inhalation of particulate matter and deposited pollutants.

Title:

Content: An Unexpected Reason It'll Be Harder to Breathe as Earth Warms

If you think it's just human-made pollution that'll be clogging our lungs, think again.

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As global temperatures and emissions rise, it’s going to become harder to breathe. Air quality issues won’t just come from human activity, though—the natural world could also release more pollution in a rapidly warming world.

A recent study published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment found that a warming planet means more particles in the atmosphere, including dust and organic aerosols from plants. While we usually think of plants for their benefits to the environment, in certain circumstances they can actually release compounds that aren’t great for our respiratory systems.

Researchers at the University of California Riverside examined how air quality could change over time as temperatures and carbon dioxide increase. They looked at data from 13 models that participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, which compares climate data outcomes. Results from the models showed that increases in CO2 and hotter temperatures will create more global average concentrations of fine particulate matter, or PM2.5. The two largest contributors will come from dust and organic aerosols from plants. PM2.5 is particularly bad for humans: Long-term exposure is linked to lung problems, heart disease, and premature death.

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If global temperatures increase by 4 degrees Celsius, then dust and plant emissions are predicted to increase as much as 14%, according to the study. But if the world manages to stay within 2 degrees Celsius of warming, that increase in PM2.5 is about 7%. “The more we increase CO2, the more PM2.5 we see being put into the atmosphere, and the inverse is also true. The more we reduce, the better the air quality gets,” James Gomez, UC Riverside doctoral student and lead author of the study, said in a press release.

All plants produce chemicals that are called biogenic volatile organic compounds, or BVOCs (if you’ve ever smelled a freshly mown lawn, you’ve experienced these compounds). The BVOCs oxidize in the atmosphere and form organic aerosols; an increase in BVOCs could create public health issues. “Really anybody that has respiratory issues could be negatively impacted by air pollution,” Gomez told Earther. “Even an average healthy person who breathes in excessive amounts of air pollution could be negatively affected and develop respiratory issues.”

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The second largest contributor to the increase in naturally occurring air pollution would come from the Sahara Desert in Africa. Results from the models showed that a warmer world means changes in wind patterns. Remember the large dust cloud from the Sahara that traveled across the Atlantic Ocean and hovered over the southern U.S. and the Caribbean in 2020? Now imagine a bigger dust cloud. “We looked at the magnitude of the change,” Gomez said. “The dust events that do occur will be more likely to be stronger…The ones that happen would probably be larger.”

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The study did not consider other forms of air pollution caused by the natural world, like wildfire smoke, because that’s harder to place into climate models, according to Gomez. Because of that omission, he thinks the results are underestimating how bad PM2.5 pollution could become if emissions and global warming aren’t reigned in.

And that’s not even talking about human-caused pollution. Gomez pointed out that, even though human pollution was not calculated for here, human activity has led carbon dioxide to increase in our atmosphere. “Indirectly, we are causing these changes in the natural system,” Gomez said. “Nature is making the air pollution worse, as a result of our net actions.”

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Infrastructure concerns are multifaceted.

The accumulation of fine dust on vehicles may degrade exterior surfaces and mechanical components if not promptly cleaned using recommended methods to avoid abrasion and catalyzed corrosion .

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

For power grids, dust deposits on transformers, insulators, and circuit breakers can elevate operating temperatures and electrical arcing risks, particularly during summer heat, potentially precipitating outages .

Although direct incidents linked to dust in San Antonio’s power system are not well-documented, analogous effects observed in the region warrant preemptive infrastructure inspection.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Dust-induced visibility reduction impacts traffic by increasing accident risk, necessitating coordination between traffic management and emergency response teams during dust events .

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Public life in San Antonio is affected as outdoor activities and events may be limited or rescheduled due to air quality advisories.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Schools and workplaces should consider modifications during peak dust periods to protect sensitive individuals.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

Local media and health departments have historically issued advisories recommending reduced outdoor exertion and mask usage, protocols that should be formalized for consistent city-wide application .

How can people protect their health during Saharan dust storms?

What can people do to prepare for dust storms?

Positively, Saharan dust plays a crucial role in fertilizing ecosystems outside San Antonio, such as the Amazon rainforest and Caribbean Sea, by depositing minerals critical for soil and marine productivity .

What are the positive effects of Saharan dust on the environment?

carries microorganisms and nutrients that act as fertilizer

delivers essential minerals for phytoplankton

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Dust also reflects solar radiation, contributing modestly to surface cooling that partially counterbalances global warming trends.

What are the positive effects of Saharan dust on the environment?

reflects sunlight back into space
cools the Earth's atmosphere

Conversely, dust deposition can stress marine ecosystems like coral reefs by delivering harmful microbes and metals, and locally degrades air quality and visibility .

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

To prepare for Saharan dust storms, San Antonio city planners should implement the following detailed recommendations:

Public Health Measures:
- Issue timely air quality alerts and health advisories, focusing on sensitive populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory or cardiovascular illnesses.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

public awareness & education
implement a warning system

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

respiratory issues
cardiovascular diseases

- Promote the use of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) masks during dust events, especially outdoors.
- Encourage indoor air quality maintenance, including air purifiers and keeping windows closed during dust episodes.

How can people protect their health during Saharan dust storms?

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

Infrastructure and Power Grid Preparedness:
- Conduct preemptive inspections and cleaning of power grid equipment to remove accumulated dust and reduce overheating/arcing risks.
- Verify and test backup power generation capacity ahead of dust seasons.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

- Develop contingency plans for rapid repair in case of dust-related outages.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Traffic and Emergency Services Management:
- Enhance roadway safety through increased warning signage and variable message signs during poor visibility.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

- Coordinate with emergency response agencies to anticipate increased respiratory distress incidents and traffic accidents.
- Consider temporary speed reductions or travel advisories on affected roads.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Vehicle Care:
- Advise residents on proper vehicle cleaning techniques post-dust events to prevent surface damage.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

- Disseminate information on mechanical checks to ensure dust does not impair vehicle functions.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Communication Strategy:
- Use multiple channels (social media, local news, community alerts) to inform the public about dust storm timing, expected impacts, and protective measures.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

public awareness & education
implement a warning system

- Collaborate with health providers and schools on coordinated messaging.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

A summary table outlining these mitigation actions, responsible agencies (public health, utilities, transportation departments), timelines (pre-season, during event, post-event), and trigger indicators (dust concentration thresholds, forecast advisories) would assist operational planning.

In summary, while Saharan dust storms present complex challenges to San Antonio’s environment, public health, and infrastructure, informed and coordinated preparedness can effectively mitigate their adverse effects.

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Ongoing monitoring of air quality, emergency department visits, and infrastructure status during dust events will refine response strategies.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

The anticipated increase in dust storm frequency and intensity under climate change further underscores the need to integrate these measures into San Antonio’s comprehensive urban resilience planning.

This report’s findings and recommendations are supported by multiple studies and observational records including those from Texas A&M University, NASA satellite imagery, and regional air quality agencies .

Further research is recommended to quantify dust storm impacts specific to San Antonio’s urban systems and refine adaptive strategies.

Overall, San Antonio city planners are advised to regard Saharan dust storms as predictable seasonal hazards requiring dedicated preparation across health, infrastructure, and public communication domains to safeguard citizens and maintain city functionality.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

public awareness & education
health facilities readiness