The Mozart Effect refers to the idea that listening to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major can temporarily enhance cognitive abilities, particularly spatial reasoning.

Recent research provides a nuanced perspective on this claim.

A 2023 study found no universal improvement or impairment in memory and learning from listening to classical music including Mozart among individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Instead, cognitive benefits were mostly seen in those who commonly use music for emotional regulation, indicating individual variation in the effect.

More broadly, classical music by Mozart, Bach, and Beethoven is recognized for supporting concentration and mental performance, likely due to moderate arousal and complexity, which improve attention and motivation rather than any unique property of Mozart’s works.

In infants, Mozart's lullabies have been shown to reduce pain and distress during medical procedures, demonstrating calming effects without direct cognitive enhancement.

Long-term active musical training, as opposed to passive listening, is associated with increased brain plasticity and slower cognitive decline, highlighting sustained engagement as crucial for lasting cognitive benefits.

Together, these findings suggest the Mozart Effect is not a universal cognitive enhancer but may support learning indirectly by improving mood and attention.

Playing Mozart during elementary school breaks might foster a relaxed and focused environment beneficial to some students but should be viewed as a complementary tool, not a core strategy.

Ongoing neuroimaging studies seek to identify which individuals and contexts maximize benefits.

In conclusion, while Mozart’s music can enhance classroom atmosphere and focus, current evidence suggests cautious optimism about its direct cognitive impact on all students.

The Mozart Effect refers to the idea that listening to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major can temporarily enhance cognitive abilities, particularly spatial reasoning.

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The Sound of Success: Ideas in Music for Concentration and Productivity

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Does music help you concentrate? Since we spend a lot of time in front of computers trying to finish our work, wouldn’t it be nice to listen to some of music to help concentrate? Well, music lovers, it seems like Mozart and Beethoven could actually help you with your productivity. Beethoven once said: «Music is where the spirit lives, thinks and invents.»

This relationship between music and the brain is an area that has been intensively explored in research. Many studies point to the ability of music to help employees be more productive and help children in their learning process more effectively. University research in France found that students who listened to music for an hour while reading, scored significantly higher on a questionnaire compared to a group of students who read without music.

Your attention span is better when listening to music

It seems that music for concentration puts students in a heightened emotional state, so that they can be more receptive to information. «It is possible that music causes a change in the learning environment and influenced students’ motivation to stay focused while reading, which led to better performance on a multiple-choice questionnaire,» concluded the french research team in a recent article.

But before you start playing any type, you have to find the music that works better for the type of work you are trying to carry do. For example, the classic from the Baroque period is said to do wonders for brain activity when you are studying or writing. But not all classical music is created equal, so dramatic changes and complicated fugue changes may not be as conducive as a smooth piano piece. So if you have to choose a composer, we would say Mozart. There seems to be evidence that Mozart’s improves mental performance: it is called «The Mozart Effect”.

Build a harmonious space

If you don’t like classical, the discreet sound found in ambient music may work well for you instead. What is the purpose of this if you are not at the airport, you ask? Well, for creative purposes, it’s better than emptiness and silence. According to one of its pioneers, musician Brian Eno: “Background music must be able to accommodate many levels of attention when listening, without forcing one in particular. It must be as ignorable as it is interesting ”.

In fact, researchers have shown that a moderate level of noise, such as that found in the environment, can actually get creative juices flowing. Music with especially low-lows or especially high-highs should be avoided. Certain types of jazz instrumental melodies can also get your brain working.

Music without lyrics

In general, if you are doing work that requires writing, you should avoid listening to music with lyrics as the words in a song are especially destructive to your concentration. Since hearing words activates the brain’s language center, attempting to perform tasks related to another language would be like trying to have a conversation while someone else is speaking to you. But, if you are a cartoonist, and you don’t deal with sentence construction, hearing letters may not have the same effect.

Finally, studies show that listening to music you’re already familiar with may be better if you really need to focus. New songs take you into the unknown and your brain will want to listen closely to see what comes next. With the music you are familiar with you know what to expect, so it doesn’t distract you from your work. And if you like the tune you’re listening to try not to whistle it while you work, as that will only distract you.

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Recent research provides a nuanced perspective on this claim.

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Content: 13 April 2022, 20: 25
Musician from Karelia played on the washing board on the show “Talent ”
Vladimir Ryokhov is convinced that amateurish music is a good thing!
Text: Helga Belyantseva
Petrozavodsk resident Vladimir Ryokhov took part in the show "Talent" on the channel "Friday".
The issue, in which the 30-year-old musician “lit up ”, was released on April 8.
In the show, he was presented as a "musical inventor".
Vladimir demonstrated the game on unusual tools - a washing board, a suitcase and a bagpipe made of rubber gloves.
Members of the jury – Olga Buzova, Karina Cross and Vladimir Marconi – appreciated the performance of the Karelian nugget.
Vladimir received two votes out of three and was allowed to vote for the audience (see the video below).
At the show, the musician performed under his real name - Natalchuk, but he is better known under the pseudonym Ryokhov.
In Petrozavodsk, Vladimir was a member of two musical groups: Tin Hills and Koromyslo.
And thanks to the game on the washing board, the records of which he posted on the Internet, he was recognized far beyond Karelia.
“Since childhood, I loved to whistle, squeak and extract various sounds from various objects, ” Vladimir said during the broadcast. – Whistle on birch bark, blades of grass, made firecrackers.
And the more non-standard the subject, the more interesting I was...
I love all kinds of experiments.
I came to the show to show that music is not just Bach and Stravinsky, it's ordinary people like you and me, and that music is everywhere.
Three notes is music. ”
About his attitude to music, passion for unusual musical instruments, as well as participation in the show “Talent ” Vladimir Ryokhov told the portal“ Petrozavodsk says ”.
— I am an ethnomusicologist, graduated from the Petrozavodsk Conservatory, studied Finno-Ugric music.
In music school I studied to play the accordion, now sometimes I take it in my hands, played in a band on a mandolin, I have a little bit of a harmonica.
I also play various flutes, Irish whistle.
“Recently, I tried myself as a music teacher in one of the Petrozavodsk schools, and realized that this is not mine at all.
I just can ’ t give what I don ’ t volunteer. ”
I ’ m currently working on robotics for kids.
This is a very useful activity not only for the guys, but also for me.
Based on the constructor, we create first non-programmable, and then programmable models.
And the rudiments of programming are a very important skill in our time.
I myself delve more and more into this topic – and how interesting it is, so many creative opportunities!
I also make folk instruments, different pipes, flutes, sell to musicians.
Why are you called a “musical inventor ”?
I don ’ t invent anything myself.
There is a common image of the instrument, and I recreate it.
Take, for example, a bagpipe from a glove.
I looked at how our torpias work (Torpias – Karelian, Finnish and Estonian instrument, a kind of bagpipe. – Ed.), and made something similar from a rubber glove.
In fact, all the inventions that are now being made are combined from what already exists.
Rubber glove bagpipes have existed before, but they are usually either bulky or don ’ t sound good.
For my bagpipes, I made sticks of balloons.
I don't think anyone's ever done that before.
And these cakes turned out in the image and likeness of Finno-Ugric bagpipes, which are different from the Scottish and Irish ones.
How did you come up with the idea of playing on the washing board?
A long time ago I read in a book about the Beatles that they had a washing board in the early members of The Quarrymen, until John Lennon smashed it against the head of one of the band members.
And when I saw the cool blues musician Washboard Chaz playing it, I was so impressed that I decided to try it myself.
And this has led to the fact that my creativity, at least at the local level, became interested.
Thanks to the social network TikTok, which is now, unfortunately, closed to us, there were connections with musicians from other countries.
“This is a very special environment – there people who are interested in the same topic can find each other.
For example, some musician placed his composition on the banjo, I played him on the washing board, and then someone played me and so on. "
What did you do on the talent show?
- I was asked to show all the most interesting things that can be combined into one number.
I took a kalyuk (overtone flute) of my own making, a washing board, a suitcase and a bagpipe from a rubber glove.
Played on everything in turn.
How did you get on the show?
- When I posted a video with a bagpipe made of rubber gloves in TikTok, a girl from the Friday channel wrote to me in the comments and invited me to participate in the program.
So I decided to go for an interest.
That was back in November last year.
And in February-March there was a shooting.
— And the results when it became clear — during the filming or after the release of the program?
- Who was allowed to participate in the audience vote, we learned already during the filming, when we spoke before the jury.
They let me in.
But I immediately decided that I would not fight for votes.
There were numbers more worthy of attention.
What was the cost of a pole dance performed by a woman of 68 years!
And it was just amazing.
I was sorry that the guy who made the cotton candy figurines didn't turn out very well.
The conditions in the studio were not perfect.
There were still interesting people who participated in other releases - an ensemble of drummers, for example.
What emotions did you get from participating in the show?
Was there excitement?
Of course I had to worry.
I never took a bagpipe out of the house before.
And so, at the rehearsal before shooting, I unpack the suitcase, collect all the accessories, inflate the bagpipe, go to the shooting pavilion - and she plays incomprehensible.
I tell the director: “I warned you that the instrument is unstable.
I ’ ll fix it tomorrow. ”
Then I was sitting in the dressing room with a knife for an hour or a half, cutting something out, plucking.
And it turned out that the glove itself just stretched out, lost its elasticity, because I brought it into the room from the frost and began to inflate immediately.
Good thing I got a second spare bagpipe.
Did you make any special sense in your performance at the competition?
What were you trying to convey to the audience?
“I went to the competition with the message that music is easy.
I think anyone can be a musician.
When you can even play music a little, you can hear it much better.
It is transformed from just aesthetic pleasure into mathematical - not one hemisphere works, but both at once.
This is confirmed by research. ”
Do you think that this theory fits the idea that listening to music can affect mental development?
For example, it is recommended to give listening to Mozart to young children.
- Maybe...
But it seems to me that Mozart is too much extolled.
They underestimate other music.
Now in the school music textbook it is written that pop music is bad, that amateurs filled everything.
In another technique, Dr. Bloch is quoted as saying that rock music destroys the brain, affects the genetic code...
It's all rubbish.
Dilettante music is good!

A 2023 study found no universal improvement or impairment in memory and learning from listening to classical music including Mozart among individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Title:

Content: 4/25/23 · Research

The beneficial effects of music on memory may depend on how it is listened to

The initial results of the study of the 'Mozart effect' on neurodegeneration show that listening to classical music in the background has no benefits for learning
The research has been carried out with people experiencing mild cognitive impairment, and it did find individual differences when listening to 'high-arousal' music

Listening to 'high-arousal' music could have a positive effect on memory for people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator (Image: Clem Onojeghuo, Unsplash)

Given the lack of effective treatments to counteract cognitive impairment, background music has traditionally been proposed as a possible therapeutic alternative for improving memory-related tasks. Its effect has long been the focus of debate, but this relationship has now been found to be possibly determined by new interindividual parameters, which means that it may be more complex than was previously thought. This is shown by research led by Marco Calabria, a researcher in the Cognitive Neurolab group of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), who is now considering new experiments.

The initial results of the Mozart effect and memory in patients with cognitive impairment (MEM-COG) study, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, suggest that listening to background classical music while performing memory tasks neither improves nor impairs learning levels among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, listening to more 'high-arousal' music was found to have a possible positive effect on people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator in their everyday lives, which suggests there is potential for further hypotheses and research.

The study, which has been published as open access in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, was carried out with patients at the neuropsychology unit of Barcelona's Hospital de Sant Pau, and involved researchers at the hospital, Montreal's Concordia University and Madrid's Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute.

There is no universal effect

"We found no general impact concerning the effect of music in terms of whether it had positive or negative effects on learning in cases of MCI, but we did find that it would be modulated for each individual. If people regularly use music as an emotional regulator in their daily life, such as to help them remain calm or for company, they will find it easier to obtain further benefits from music when they have to learn something new," explained Calabria, who has a PhD in Psychobiology.

The subjects of the study were people with mild amnestic cognitive impairment, i.e. they have memory problems as a result of an onset of neurodegeneration that is more specific in the parts of the brain dealing with aspects of learning and memory. The experiments consisted of observing 24 photographs of human faces. Participants were instructed to memorize them, and 10 minutes later, they were asked to look at a new series containing the previous 24 images and 24 new ones, in order to attempt to identify the ones that they had already seen.

A classical choice

The first test was performed with the subjects listening to classical music in the information consolidation phase but not in the recovery phase, while in the second exercise it was repeated with the auditory stimulus during both phases. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of results.

Classical music was used in these exercises because "it's a type of music that falls between relaxing and arousing, and has proven to be the most effective for enhancing memory". Furthermore, the fact that it is instrumental reduces the interference (that can come from lyrics) with the content that the participants have to learn in the memory task.

A ray of light

However, Calabria's team wanted to carry out a third experiment using popular music which was considered arousing rather than relaxing, and after a preliminary study, they used an instrumental version of Un rayo de sol (A ray of light), by the group Los Diablos. In that experiment, according to Calabria, the results suggested that "the use of music as a strategy for mood regulation is associated with better performance in memory tasks."

Ongoing research

This finding opens up the possibility of further research to continue exploring the role of interindividual preferences and attitudes towards music among patients with MCI. The group plans to continue the project until late 2024.

During this time, it will investigate whether background music could be more useful in other cognitive domains, such as in attention and concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease. The experiments will also involve the use of a new infrared spectroscopy device in the Neuro Lab, one of the recently opened new laboratories at the UOC, which will show the activation at the cerebral level while cognitive processes are taking place. This will help to determine whether or not there are any alterations in the brain's modulation, in which areas this takes place, and whether it depends on the type of person studied, regardless of the level of response to music.

In overall terms, this will help to find a type of marker which determines the people most likely to benefit from music in cognitive tasks. "The more we know about how background music shapes cognitive processes, the better the use we can make of music as a therapeutic tool in cognitive stimulation," concluded Calabria, an expert in the study of cognitive processes and a member of teaching staff on the UOC's Master's Degree in Neuropsychology.

This research project receives funding from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain, and contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 3, Good health and well-being.

Reference article:

Calabria, Marco et al. 'Background Music and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Interindividual Differences'. 1 Jan. 2023: 815 – 829. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-221051

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+34 619 413 823

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The UOC's research and innovation (R&I) is helping overcome pressing challenges faced by global societies in the 21st century by studying interactions between technology and human & social sciences with a specific focus on the network society, e-learning and e-health.

Over 500 researchers and more than 50 research groups work in the UOC's seven faculties, its eLearning Research programme and its two research centres: the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and the eHealth Center (eHC).

The university also develops online learning innovations at its eLearning Innovation Center (eLinC), as well as UOC community entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer via the Hubbik platform.

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Instead, cognitive benefits were mostly seen in those who commonly use music for emotional regulation, indicating individual variation in the effect.

More broadly, classical music by Mozart, Bach, and Beethoven is recognized for supporting concentration and mental performance, likely due to moderate arousal and complexity, which improve attention and motivation rather than any unique property of Mozart’s works.

In infants, Mozart's lullabies have been shown to reduce pain and distress during medical procedures, demonstrating calming effects without direct cognitive enhancement.

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Scientists have found out what music can serve as pain relievers
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American scientists have discovered that Mozart ’ s music can have a pain-relieving effect.
This was found out during the experiment on newborns, reports Zakon.kz.
According to The Telegraph, from April 2019 to February 2020, researchers studied the effect of music on the sensation of pain in infants.
The experiment involved 100 newborns who took mandatory blood tests.
54 out of 100 children listened to Mozart's lullabies for 20 minutes before the medical procedure and for five minutes after it.
The rest of the children did not play music.
All children were tested under the same conditions.
The level of pain was assessed on a scale from zero to seven points on the intensity of crying, breathing, facial expression and other criteria.
It turned out that the newborns, who put Mozart, more easily transferred the collection of blood for tests and generally behaved more calmly.
They stopped feeling pain a minute after the procedure, while babies who did not listen to music felt pain two minutes later.
"Music recordings, in addition to sucrose, effectively reduce pain in newborns.
Music can be considered a simple, easily reproducible and inexpensive means of relieving pain from minor medical procedures for healthy and full-term babies, ” the researchers concluded.
Researchers have yet to find out whether babies have the same effect as their parents' recorded voices.
In addition, there is no certainty that Mozart will work as a painkiller for adults.
Earlier, scientists at New York University have proved that listening to music, drinking coffee and other everyday pleasures are good for the brain.
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Long-term active musical training, as opposed to passive listening, is associated with increased brain plasticity and slower cognitive decline, highlighting sustained engagement as crucial for lasting cognitive benefits.

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The doctor ’ s words / When the mentally retarded person meets the familiar sound
In 2023, an estimated 6.7 million Americans aged 65 and older have Alzheimer ’ s disease.
Dementia in the elderly is an incurable disease. It is easy for patients to become isolated, because they will feel isolated and helpless about their own uselessness, and they are used to being alone in order to avoid embarrassment.
In the latter stages, they often lose the ability to communicate with people around them.
It is very painful for the patients themselves and the caregivers and family members who care for them.
In recent years, it has been found that music therapy can intervene and make up for this lack of progress.
It also increases the patient ’ s engagement with the surrounding environment and reduces many neurological symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and unexplained tantrums.
In other words, when people with dementia are unable to connect with their loved ones, that is, when they are unable to speak their language, music is the last bridge to interact with each other.
Q1: Do people with dementia have special feelings about music?
A1: According to nearly a decade of research by the Department of Neurology at Northwestern University, it has been found that even though people with dementia lose language and other memories, memories related to music often remain in the brain.
This is because areas of the brain involved in musical memory (e.g., the cerebellum) are not affected until late in the disease process.
Familiar music can help people with dementia recover certain aspects of their memory, make them feel calm, and greatly improve their mood.
Q2: Why do people with dementia remember their favorite songs?
A2: Although suffering from severe dementia, it means that a person has very little memory of their past.
Even if you can ’ t remember your son ’ s name, familiar songs that you ’ ve heard and sung will always come to mind.
Q3: In addition to music, is listening to the radio good for elderly people with dementia?
A3: In fact, the radio can not only provide good music, but also play emotional dialogue, which can truly relieve the loneliness of the dementia patient and bring comfort and peace.
Q4: How do people with dementia react to music?
A4: According to the research of clinical psychiatrists, it is found that people with dementia who are generally slow to respond to music, especially to their favorite music.
Hearing a familiar concert naturally shows a pleasant response, such as smiling or moving your body or even starting to dance.
And it seems to produce a unique and powerful stimulus response to familiar music that awakens the patient ’ s past personal and social connections.
In theory, if music can evoke memories, it may also help patients evoke other memories or related memories of that period.
In several studies, it has been consistently found that music tends to evoke more positive and positive memories from life than other clues.
Q5: Can music also prevent cognitive decline?
A5: Playing and listening to music can help slow the decline of cognitive function in older adults, according to a new study in Medical Journal Today.
Active note vibrations increase gray matter in certain areas of the brain and increase the plasticity of brain cells. Although music does not reverse or prevent brain cell shrinkage due to aging, it can slow cognitive decline.
Q6: What kind of music is most helpful?
A6: Studies have proved that classical music is the best choice.
The International Institute of Science calls this phenomenon the "Mozart effect."
It is recommended to listen to classical music such as Mozart, Bach, Beethoven and other famous composers.
Classical music seems to move the brain more easily than other music, is best suited for concentration, and is more able to produce substantial effects in absorbing new information.
Q7: Do musicians suffer from dementia?
A7: According to the International Institute of Science, a study of twins reported that musicians have a 64% lower risk of developing mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
The analysis of two other studies found that musicians had an average 59% lower risk of dementia.
Training and performance, which can be attributed to music, stimulates the brain and improves its ability to respond to the outside world.
Q8: Which organ is most stimulated by music?
A8: Although most activities such as visual art, computing, and language are mainly only half of the brain.
But music is one of the few that can pass through the auditory nerve and stimulate neurons on both sides of the brain at the same time.
Q9: How does music react in the brain?
A9: Music can promote the production of hormones dopamine and serotonin in the brain.
These are neurotransmitters that increase the sense of pleasure and ease.
There is also the so-called love hormone - oxytocin.
At the same time, research evidence shows that music can help reduce levels of the stress hormone cortisol, instantly relieving feelings of anxiety and depression.
Q10: How long does the music last?
A10: It ’ s a concern that in people with dementia, music can improve mood, behavior, and in some cases cognitive function, which, according to the Clinical Psychiatric Society, lasts for hours or even days after the music stops.
Q11: Can people without dementia benefit from music?
A11: A recent study suggests that playing an instrument and actively listening to music can help slow cognitive decline in people aged 62-78.
This study once again determined that musical activity increases the gray matter in many areas of the brain. Gray matter is an essential nerve tissue in the brain and spinal cord.
In particular, it plays an important role in psychology, memory, mood and movement. The increase in gray matter also increases the plasticity of the brain ’ s nerves – the brain ’ s ability to reconnect itself, which is important for learning cognition and memory preservation.
In addition to actively playing music, the 2023 study also showed that long-term music training, regardless of the age of the participants, can bring potential functional benefits to the brain and help keep the brain young and slow down aging.
(The author is a practicing physician in the Greater Washington area)
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Together, these findings suggest the Mozart Effect is not a universal cognitive enhancer but may support learning indirectly by improving mood and attention.

Playing Mozart during elementary school breaks might foster a relaxed and focused environment beneficial to some students but should be viewed as a complementary tool, not a core strategy.

Ongoing neuroimaging studies seek to identify which individuals and contexts maximize benefits.

In conclusion, while Mozart’s music can enhance classroom atmosphere and focus, current evidence suggests cautious optimism about its direct cognitive impact on all students.


The Mozart Effect refers to the hypothesis that listening to Mozart’s music, especially his Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major (K. 448), can temporarily enhance cognitive performance, particularly spatial-temporal reasoning abilities.

Originating from a 1993 study by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky, this concept attracted widespread attention due to findings that college students who listened to this Mozart piece showed short-term improvements in spatial reasoning tasks compared to those who listened to relaxation instructions or silence.

The effect was characterized by a brief enhancement, lasting about 10 to 15 minutes .

Research into the Mozart Effect has since clarified that the effect is specific to particular cognitive domains, notably spatial-temporal tasks, rather than general intelligence or learning capacity.

Furthermore, not all classical or complex music produces these effects; Mozart’s compositions are thought to have an optimal balance of arousal and rhythmic structure that engages brain regions responsible for attention and memory.

However, the effect is neither robust nor consistent across all individuals .

Recent studies provide a more nuanced view of the Mozart Effect.

For example, a 2016 study found only small and transient improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning in children after listening to Mozart, with familiarity and emotional engagement modifying outcomes.

Another 2023 study on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) reported that background classical music did not consistently enhance memory performance; benefits appeared mainly among those who habitually use music to regulate emotions, indicating significant individual differences.

These findings suggest the Mozart Effect may not be a universal phenomenon but rather moderated by subjective factors such as personal preference and emotional state .

Evidence focusing on children, particularly those in the elementary school age range, shows similarly mixed results.

Data-driven studies reveal only slight and often short-lived gains in spatial-temporal reasoning after exposure to Mozart’s music.

Researchers highlight that emotional responses and familiarity with the music heavily influence outcomes, reducing the predictability of cognitive enhancement.

A 2014 experimental study emphasized that while music can enhance mood and motivation in classroom settings, direct effects on cognitive function, including spatial tasks, remain minimal.

These insights suggest Mozart’s music is better viewed as a motivational or mood-regulating tool rather than as a direct cognitive enhancer for elementary students .

Critiques of the Mozart Effect underscore several limitations and controversies.

Meta-analyses conducted in the past decade repeatedly caution about difficulties in replicating the original findings, with some researchers arguing that the boost in task performance after music listening more likely stems from increased arousal or improved mood rather than any unique properties of Mozart's compositions.

One meta-analysis concluded that the cognitive improvements were comparable to those following other enjoyable auditory stimuli, such as popular music or audiobooks, thereby questioning the specificity of the Mozart Effect.

These critiques highlight the importance of cautious interpretation, particularly regarding educational claims, and reinforce that the effect should not be construed as a direct enhancement of intelligence .

Beyond cognition, research has documented broader emotional and physiological benefits of music, including Mozart’s works.

For example, music therapy has been effective in improving engagement, mood, and cognitive responsiveness among individuals with dementia and other cognitive impairments.

Similarly, animal studies demonstrate that exposure to Mozart’s music can modulate stress and improve physiological outcomes through complex emotional and biological pathways.

These effects suggest that music's primary role may lie in emotional and motivational stimulation, creating an environment conducive to learning rather than directly augmenting cognitive capacity .

In summary, the Mozart Effect reflects a temporary, modest improvement in specific cognitive tasks linked to listening to Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major.

While some evidence supports short-term spatial reasoning boosts after listening to Mozart, the effect is small, variable, and influenced by individual factors such as emotional regulation and music familiarity.

Critiques emphasize that these benefits may not be unique to Mozart’s music and often result from generalized arousal or mood improvement.

For elementary school teachers, using Mozart’s music during breaks could serve effectively as a motivational or mood-enhancing tool rather than a definitive method to improve cognitive performance.

Incorporating music in this way can contribute positively to the classroom environment by promoting engagement and emotional well-being but should not be relied upon as a standalone cognitive enhancement strategy .

Practical recommendations for classroom use include selecting music based on student preferences to maximize emotional engagement and arousal, thereby enhancing motivation and attention.

Playing Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major during breaks or transitional periods can create a soothing yet stimulating atmosphere, which may indirectly support cognitive tasks by improving mood and focus.

Teachers may also consider incorporating active music-related activities, such as simple rhythm exercises or movement to music, to increase engagement.

It is advisable to observe individual student responses and adjust music selections accordingly, as some students might find certain types of music distracting rather than helpful.

Research underscores the importance of using music as part of a holistic strategy, complementing other effective educational practices that promote learning, attention, and well-being .

Examples include pairing music with mindfulness breaks or relaxation exercises to optimize classroom climate and student readiness to learn.

In conclusion, while listening to Mozart’s music does not guarantee direct cognitive improvements, strategic use in the classroom can serve as a valuable environmental enhancer.

This aligns with contemporary evidence favoring music’s role in emotional modulation, fostering an engaging and positive learning atmosphere conducive to student success.

The Mozart Effect refers to the hypothesis that listening to Mozart’s music, especially his Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major (K. 448), can temporarily enhance cognitive performance, particularly spatial-temporal reasoning abilities.

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The Sound of Success: Ideas in Music for Concentration and Productivity

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Does music help you concentrate? Since we spend a lot of time in front of computers trying to finish our work, wouldn’t it be nice to listen to some of music to help concentrate? Well, music lovers, it seems like Mozart and Beethoven could actually help you with your productivity. Beethoven once said: «Music is where the spirit lives, thinks and invents.»

This relationship between music and the brain is an area that has been intensively explored in research. Many studies point to the ability of music to help employees be more productive and help children in their learning process more effectively. University research in France found that students who listened to music for an hour while reading, scored significantly higher on a questionnaire compared to a group of students who read without music.

Your attention span is better when listening to music

It seems that music for concentration puts students in a heightened emotional state, so that they can be more receptive to information. «It is possible that music causes a change in the learning environment and influenced students’ motivation to stay focused while reading, which led to better performance on a multiple-choice questionnaire,» concluded the french research team in a recent article.

But before you start playing any type, you have to find the music that works better for the type of work you are trying to carry do. For example, the classic from the Baroque period is said to do wonders for brain activity when you are studying or writing. But not all classical music is created equal, so dramatic changes and complicated fugue changes may not be as conducive as a smooth piano piece. So if you have to choose a composer, we would say Mozart. There seems to be evidence that Mozart’s improves mental performance: it is called «The Mozart Effect”.

Build a harmonious space

If you don’t like classical, the discreet sound found in ambient music may work well for you instead. What is the purpose of this if you are not at the airport, you ask? Well, for creative purposes, it’s better than emptiness and silence. According to one of its pioneers, musician Brian Eno: “Background music must be able to accommodate many levels of attention when listening, without forcing one in particular. It must be as ignorable as it is interesting ”.

In fact, researchers have shown that a moderate level of noise, such as that found in the environment, can actually get creative juices flowing. Music with especially low-lows or especially high-highs should be avoided. Certain types of jazz instrumental melodies can also get your brain working.

Music without lyrics

In general, if you are doing work that requires writing, you should avoid listening to music with lyrics as the words in a song are especially destructive to your concentration. Since hearing words activates the brain’s language center, attempting to perform tasks related to another language would be like trying to have a conversation while someone else is speaking to you. But, if you are a cartoonist, and you don’t deal with sentence construction, hearing letters may not have the same effect.

Finally, studies show that listening to music you’re already familiar with may be better if you really need to focus. New songs take you into the unknown and your brain will want to listen closely to see what comes next. With the music you are familiar with you know what to expect, so it doesn’t distract you from your work. And if you like the tune you’re listening to try not to whistle it while you work, as that will only distract you.

The post The Sound of Success: Ideas in Music for Concentration and Productivity appeared first on Mundo Hispanico

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Originating from a 1993 study by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky, this concept attracted widespread attention due to findings that college students who listened to this Mozart piece showed short-term improvements in spatial reasoning tasks compared to those who listened to relaxation instructions or silence.

The effect was characterized by a brief enhancement, lasting about 10 to 15 minutes .

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Content: The opera "Tea Blossom Girl" can improve the survival rate of heart-changing mice: An interview with Teikyo University Medical Department lecturer Yasuhisa Uchiyama
Science Education Medical Health
What would be the impact of letting a mouse with a heart transplant listen to an opera? Ten years ago, a team of researchers at Teikyo University came up with this idea and later published experimental results, winning the “Medicine Prize ” of the Ig Nobel Prize.
Masao Uchiyama (41), a member of the research team and a lecturer in the university ’ s medical department, said the honor convinced him that “the value of uniqueness lies. ”
At present, he also works tirelessly to teach students to “pursue uniqueness. ”
Dressed as a mouse puppet at the awards ceremony.
In September 2013, Tatsuya Uchiyama, dressed in a mouse cloth doll, smiled on the stage of the Saunders Theater at Harvard University in Boston.
The idea of wearing a cloth doll on stage was put forward by Uchiyama, "I think that's going to be fun."
The reason was that he saw the popular role of the funny group "Funny Problem" in the TV show, and he bought a cloth doll at the $100 store and brought it to the awards ceremony.
He and another assistant, Kim Sang-won, put on a mouse puppet costume and stood at the side of the (then) Shin Sei-june, an associate professor in the Department of Medicine at Teikyo University, who led the team, singing the opera “Camellia ” in high notes, causing laughter from the audience.
He recalled, "We were probably the most popular among the winners of the year, and the group photo time after the ceremony was the most sought-after," and his face was full of pride.
A special issue of Annals of Improbable Research, the magazine that organizes the Ig Nobel Prize. In 2013, Uchiyama and his party were also selected as the cover of the magazine.
Leaflet for a speech at MIT the next day.
Although Uchiyama showed a childlike side at the award presentation ceremony, Uchiyama ’ s research goal is to explore the field of transplantation immunology. After all, Uchiyama ’ s paper has even included a well-known surgeon, a special professor in Shuntian University ’ s medical department, who was famous for performing coronary artery bypass surgery. The name of the boss.
Let the mice after the heart transplant immerse themselves in music, and the result...
In addition to the original heart, another heart was implanted in the abdomen of the mouse.
After the operation, the mouse will do nothing, it will trigger an immune rejection reaction, and the transplanted heart will stop working for an average of 8 days.
However, most of the mice who also received heart transplants continued to listen to the opera “Camellia ”, and the average survival days were greatly increased to 40 days, and the longest lived mice were even as many as 90 days.
On the other hand, the average time to listen to Mozart ’ s music is 20 days, and the Irish singer Enya ’ s voice is 11 days.
To further confirm the validity of the results, let mice with ruptured eardrums listen to “Camellia ”.
Sure enough, as expected, the "effect" disappeared, and the transplant heart stopped beating about a week or so.
In other words, this experiment proved that allowing mice after heart transplantation to listen to the opera “Camellia ” or classical music can effectively improve their immunity.
Uchiyama is taking a closer look at the rat after the heart transplant.
The study began with the discovery of a young man who, while studying at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, gave a variety of drugs to most mice undergoing heart transplants and compared the prognosis, noticed a difference between the prognosis of mice placed in human cages and those placed in quiet cages around them.
After returning home, he suggested to an assistant in his personal research office, "Let the mice listen to music and see what happens?"
It also plays the sound of the construction site and the monotone sound.
The study was restarted about 10 years later.
At that time, Uchiyama was still a graduate student in cardio-vascular surgery in the Department of Medicine at Shun Heaven University, and came to Teikyo University to study organ transplantation.
Uchiyama heard his assistant speak of the past of "letting the mice after the heart transplant listen to the opera", and intuitively thought that "if you continue to experiment, you may get interesting results".
First, let most of the mice after the heart transplant listen to the opera "Camellia Girl", Mozart music, and the album of Enya, a very favorite singer Uchiyama at the time.
They also listen to the sounds of the construction site, English listening exercises and monotonic sounds.
As a result, as mentioned earlier, the survival period was extended in the order of opera, Mozart, and Enya, compared to rats that listened to nothing.
Incidentally, the reason why I chose "Camellia Girl" is because Shinkai is a fanatic who loves opera, and this opera is his most recommended.
Although Uchiyama and opera have no connection, but as a part of the research, I heard that she is listening to "Camellia Girl" all day long.
"To be honest, it's only pain for me," he said with a laugh.
Professor Amano also thought the experiment was interesting, but the paper was closed.
In this way, after Uchiyama has worked hard to collect experimental data that can be written into the paper, the next step is the beginning of the real test.
At the time, Professor Amano, who was the head of the medical department of Shun Tian University, said bluntly: “Although the experiment seems interesting, it should be difficult to write a paper. ”
As predicted, even though Uchiyama threw a lot of academic journals, they were returned without review and ate a closed door. In March 12, 2012, the British academic journal “Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery (JCTS) ” finally entered the review stage.
The paper was presented in the autumn of the previous year, and it has actually been 1 1 / 2 years before the review began.
Uchiyama said: "Because this experiment is very dependent on environmental factors."
To differentiate the sound of Camellia, Mozart, Enya, and the construction site, it is impossible to use scientific and objective evidence to show it, which increases the difficulty of examination.
A month after the award ceremony, it was presented at the Japanese Pulse Society (October 2013).
No matter what happens, people will be blessed by God ’ s grace.
The year after the publication of the paper in JCTS, the research team received a notification of the winner of the Ig Nobel Prize. Like many researchers, both novices and Uchiyama, at first thought that “this is a prank ” and did not think it, until they gathered the relevant information to know that everything seemed to be true.
“‘ Your idea is unique and admirable ’ and it makes me happy to be recognized by a third person who doesn ’ t know me. ”
The mountain says so.
This award benefited him a lot, and he realized that “you have to be confident in the results of your research that you believe in. ”
"Hope and vitality, as well as family support, are very important, and the results are interlinked," Shin said in a post-award interview.
In the clinical scene, patients who are thought to have only a few months of life have lived for many years. On the contrary, patients who are thought to have lived for many more years have died suddenly and suddenly, and often encounter these conditions.
However, through this research, we can be sure that “something ” that cannot be fully described in Western medicine is actually affecting the immune system through the brain.
In clinical settings, when patients know about the award, they sometimes ask, “If I want to recover early, what kind of music will help? ”
Uchiyama ’ s answer is to suggest that you first seek Western medical treatment, followed by “As long as it is music you like, listen to anything. ”
3 research topics recommended for the next generation
However, to say that Uchiyama is unique from a young age, in fact, it is not.
He said: “My personality is shy, and I have blushing phobia, and I am afraid to stand in front of everyone.
However, in high school, he realized that "if we continue like this, we will not be able to survive in society", and after working in college, he chose to be a tutor, forcing himself to endure and successfully overcome his fear.
Once a teenager with blushing phobia, now he has turned into an adult dressed as a mouse puppet standing on the stage of Harvard University singing dramatic music, human beings, really have unlimited potential.
On the contrary, Uchiyama has a strong belief from a very early age.
Both parents are teachers, under their advice, from junior high school into the affiliated senior secondary school of Ritsumeikan University, but the university did not choose to "direct admission", but decided to participate in the entrance examination of the medical department.
More than 90% of students in the upper middle school choose to go straight to the university, and it is not easy to concentrate on preparing for the exam in such an environment.
As a result, he communicated directly with the teacher, and continued to participate in extra-curricular tutoring in biology and English after school. On the contrary, the courses he considered “unnecessary ” were almost absent.
"At that time, people around me said he was a 'strange guy'," he said.
In 2017, he attended a dinner at the University of Cambridge.
Uchiyama told his graduate students, “Be prepared for three research topics at any time. ”
First, it is easy to write a paper of orthodox research; second, if the goal of life is to become a researcher, to think of research that can be invested in a lifetime; finally, "no one is doing unique research."
For Uchiyama, the experiment of heart transplant mice belongs to the third.
When he was further asked about the purpose of recommending the "unique study", he gave the example of "mountain climbing" to answer: "First, the first is to climb a mountain at a moderate altitude when the weather is clear; the second is to climb Mount Everest, which is like the highest peak in the world, although it is a high altitude and long distance mountain, but you can see the top; the third is because you do not know how high and what climbing paths there are." Ready to climb the mountain equipment on the start, all the way exclaimed: "No? Is the whole me?", can only rely on the emergency response to move forward, and arriving at the end will produce the kind of "Wow!"
It's really funny.
"I'm so impressed."
In other words, it is precisely those who have mastered their basic skills in the study of "orthodoxy" that have found a way to explore a landscape that no one has ever seen.
“With all the obstacles that arise in the course of research, how can we use theoretical and constructive attitudes to achieve our goals? This is an important training for researchers, and personal abilities will eventually bear fruit. ” Even if one person is better, I hope more people can embark on the journey to find the beauty that has not been discovered.
Such a heartfelt expectation.
Interview and arrangement: Nami Hamada, Editorial Department of POWER NEWS
All of the above photos are provided by Uchiyama.
Photo taken in March 2023 at Teikyo University Medical Department Hospital in Itabashi, Tokyo.
Nobel Prize for Research in Medicine

Research into the Mozart Effect has since clarified that the effect is specific to particular cognitive domains, notably spatial-temporal tasks, rather than general intelligence or learning capacity.

Furthermore, not all classical or complex music produces these effects; Mozart’s compositions are thought to have an optimal balance of arousal and rhythmic structure that engages brain regions responsible for attention and memory.

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Content: 4/25/23 · Research

The beneficial effects of music on memory may depend on how it is listened to

The initial results of the study of the 'Mozart effect' on neurodegeneration show that listening to classical music in the background has no benefits for learning
The research has been carried out with people experiencing mild cognitive impairment, and it did find individual differences when listening to 'high-arousal' music

Listening to 'high-arousal' music could have a positive effect on memory for people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator (Image: Clem Onojeghuo, Unsplash)

Given the lack of effective treatments to counteract cognitive impairment, background music has traditionally been proposed as a possible therapeutic alternative for improving memory-related tasks. Its effect has long been the focus of debate, but this relationship has now been found to be possibly determined by new interindividual parameters, which means that it may be more complex than was previously thought. This is shown by research led by Marco Calabria, a researcher in the Cognitive Neurolab group of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), who is now considering new experiments.

The initial results of the Mozart effect and memory in patients with cognitive impairment (MEM-COG) study, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, suggest that listening to background classical music while performing memory tasks neither improves nor impairs learning levels among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, listening to more 'high-arousal' music was found to have a possible positive effect on people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator in their everyday lives, which suggests there is potential for further hypotheses and research.

The study, which has been published as open access in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, was carried out with patients at the neuropsychology unit of Barcelona's Hospital de Sant Pau, and involved researchers at the hospital, Montreal's Concordia University and Madrid's Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute.

There is no universal effect

"We found no general impact concerning the effect of music in terms of whether it had positive or negative effects on learning in cases of MCI, but we did find that it would be modulated for each individual. If people regularly use music as an emotional regulator in their daily life, such as to help them remain calm or for company, they will find it easier to obtain further benefits from music when they have to learn something new," explained Calabria, who has a PhD in Psychobiology.

The subjects of the study were people with mild amnestic cognitive impairment, i.e. they have memory problems as a result of an onset of neurodegeneration that is more specific in the parts of the brain dealing with aspects of learning and memory. The experiments consisted of observing 24 photographs of human faces. Participants were instructed to memorize them, and 10 minutes later, they were asked to look at a new series containing the previous 24 images and 24 new ones, in order to attempt to identify the ones that they had already seen.

A classical choice

The first test was performed with the subjects listening to classical music in the information consolidation phase but not in the recovery phase, while in the second exercise it was repeated with the auditory stimulus during both phases. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of results.

Classical music was used in these exercises because "it's a type of music that falls between relaxing and arousing, and has proven to be the most effective for enhancing memory". Furthermore, the fact that it is instrumental reduces the interference (that can come from lyrics) with the content that the participants have to learn in the memory task.

A ray of light

However, Calabria's team wanted to carry out a third experiment using popular music which was considered arousing rather than relaxing, and after a preliminary study, they used an instrumental version of Un rayo de sol (A ray of light), by the group Los Diablos. In that experiment, according to Calabria, the results suggested that "the use of music as a strategy for mood regulation is associated with better performance in memory tasks."

Ongoing research

This finding opens up the possibility of further research to continue exploring the role of interindividual preferences and attitudes towards music among patients with MCI. The group plans to continue the project until late 2024.

During this time, it will investigate whether background music could be more useful in other cognitive domains, such as in attention and concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease. The experiments will also involve the use of a new infrared spectroscopy device in the Neuro Lab, one of the recently opened new laboratories at the UOC, which will show the activation at the cerebral level while cognitive processes are taking place. This will help to determine whether or not there are any alterations in the brain's modulation, in which areas this takes place, and whether it depends on the type of person studied, regardless of the level of response to music.

In overall terms, this will help to find a type of marker which determines the people most likely to benefit from music in cognitive tasks. "The more we know about how background music shapes cognitive processes, the better the use we can make of music as a therapeutic tool in cognitive stimulation," concluded Calabria, an expert in the study of cognitive processes and a member of teaching staff on the UOC's Master's Degree in Neuropsychology.

This research project receives funding from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain, and contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 3, Good health and well-being.

Reference article:

Calabria, Marco et al. 'Background Music and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Interindividual Differences'. 1 Jan. 2023: 815 – 829. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-221051

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The UOC's research and innovation (R&I) is helping overcome pressing challenges faced by global societies in the 21st century by studying interactions between technology and human & social sciences with a specific focus on the network society, e-learning and e-health.

Over 500 researchers and more than 50 research groups work in the UOC's seven faculties, its eLearning Research programme and its two research centres: the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and the eHealth Center (eHC).

The university also develops online learning innovations at its eLearning Innovation Center (eLinC), as well as UOC community entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer via the Hubbik platform.

Open knowledge and the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development serve as strategic pillars for the UOC's teaching, research and innovation. More information: research.uoc.edu.

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However, the effect is neither robust nor consistent across all individuals .

Recent studies provide a more nuanced view of the Mozart Effect.

For example, a 2016 study found only small and transient improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning in children after listening to Mozart, with familiarity and emotional engagement modifying outcomes.

Another 2023 study on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) reported that background classical music did not consistently enhance memory performance; benefits appeared mainly among those who habitually use music to regulate emotions, indicating significant individual differences.

These findings suggest the Mozart Effect may not be a universal phenomenon but rather moderated by subjective factors such as personal preference and emotional state .

Evidence focusing on children, particularly those in the elementary school age range, shows similarly mixed results.

Data-driven studies reveal only slight and often short-lived gains in spatial-temporal reasoning after exposure to Mozart’s music.

Researchers highlight that emotional responses and familiarity with the music heavily influence outcomes, reducing the predictability of cognitive enhancement.

A 2014 experimental study emphasized that while music can enhance mood and motivation in classroom settings, direct effects on cognitive function, including spatial tasks, remain minimal.

These insights suggest Mozart’s music is better viewed as a motivational or mood-regulating tool rather than as a direct cognitive enhancer for elementary students .

Critiques of the Mozart Effect underscore several limitations and controversies.

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Content: A while ago, brother Bassam Merhi wrote on his Facebook page about the frustration felt by one of them after the meeting and direct conversation with an artist who admired his voice and singing, and added to it a valuable thought about the contradiction between the creator and his creations, that is, between his concepts and what he does in public life, which is somehow part of the dialectic of negative reflections received by some when meeting with writers, artists and poets. respectable or dignified before them.
It is a general problem, controversial and controversial, in which many wrote and from various aspects, hurt most of the creators, especially in the fields of thought, art and science.
In fact, the problem is not in the creators when they fall from their towers that people put them in, and remove from them the aura and prestige that they drew around them before meeting them, which is an interesting dialectic is not born of this age, but is steeped in old, what is said today is the same as what was said yesterday, and we often hear sarcasm on the talk of a creator in a gathering, Making fun of him and his creations.
I remember one of them criticizing on his Facebook page a Kurdish writer for his prolific output, and said that he did not see it because he saw him as a human being almost impossible to produce this prolific as an ordinary man, without the attacker realizing that the creator carries a miraculous genetic mutation in this field; he has no ability to know its faculties.
This treatment and its contradictions have been the same with the creators and great throughout history, such as Socrates, Xenon, Seneca, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Kant, Spinoza, Van Gogh, Beethoven, Mozart, or even the prophets and the so-called great in history, especially politicians, army leaders and others, most of whom have excelled through what we have come from their products and concepts. Without the high school of their daily relationships.
Some of our thinkers and writers include Kurds, artists, poets, and other creators, who are in fact simple when they are isolated from the queen of creativity and where the intellectual genetic mutation dominates their daily work, without which they eat and drink and go to the open house and have sex like other people.
The loss of appreciation, or the change of perception, is the result of the unwisdom of the people who, upon meeting them, expected to meet with the deities, not members of society.
The assessment of creators in absolute totality, denotes unawareness and fatal error, they are human beings who carry all the human qualities, negative and positive, such as shyness or tampering with life, anger and dream, happiness and sadness, or weakness of the queen of smooth talk, stinginess or generosity, cowardice or reckless courage, health and disease, activity and laziness, and other traits that are born with man.
We must not forget what is important and most important, to deal with the characteristic that they appear as individual personalities and different from others, which is a genetic mutation developed, they excel at others in society, and on its doorsteps appear their perceptions that fascinate us and their creations that we enjoy, laugh and grieve us, distract and cover us, push us to struggle with life with stronger determination.
When people meet or talk with them, they should look for that distinctive leap, and not get out of its geography, and where their queens are high, then they will not lose their previous evaluation of them, and will not be disappointed, but the meeting with them will maintain his appreciation for them.
People will only see them, and they will see them, and they will see them, and they will see them.
We may agree to some extent with Brother Bassam ’ s statement that “perhaps keeping a beautiful picture is better than the surprises that such meetings may bring. ”
It is wrong to treat them as superhuman or semi-divine perfectionists; without the distinctive genetic mutation they have many imperfections, without which the evaluation is incomplete in the consciousness of the client and not in the creators.
Kurdish creators with whom we talk on social networking pages, or meet them in the halls of some conferences or social gatherings, we see them dressed like others and speak perhaps less influential than some speakers of people, and perhaps their ideas outside the field of their creativity is simple and do not attract attention, people forget the queen of creativity they have, and what excel, so their judgments come out as the wife of Socrates when she saw him as a failed human, As the street treated Van Gogh as a homeless man unable to provide the most basic necessities of life, he lived on his brother, and as a Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry for his shyness, he could not give a word of thanks before the committee and the attendees, or as the assessment of Napoleon ’ s servant who used to say a stranger about the world, and they magnified this man I see naked every day, eating, drinking and sleeping like other human being. Napoleon was in his presence, and did not find him different from other people around him, he was shaking the thrones of Europe, and what Socrates was saying was shaking the sages and leaders of Athens, and what Van Gogh painted and did not evaluate the society that lived with him and saw him ragged clothes in the streets, sold today billions, and what he left of the legacy of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Beethoven, Beethoven, Mozart, Tolstoy and others built on it We do not exclude that our creators on this day are the leaders of the enlightenment movement of our Kurdish people.
We must therefore appreciate our creative thinkers, writers, artists and poets, the bearers of the evolving genetic mutation, who harness their products for their people and often forget about themselves and their families.
We should appreciate them when we meet them, like before we meet them, in their lives and not after they are gone.

Meta-analyses conducted in the past decade repeatedly caution about difficulties in replicating the original findings, with some researchers arguing that the boost in task performance after music listening more likely stems from increased arousal or improved mood rather than any unique properties of Mozart's compositions.

One meta-analysis concluded that the cognitive improvements were comparable to those following other enjoyable auditory stimuli, such as popular music or audiobooks, thereby questioning the specificity of the Mozart Effect.

These critiques highlight the importance of cautious interpretation, particularly regarding educational claims, and reinforce that the effect should not be construed as a direct enhancement of intelligence .

Beyond cognition, research has documented broader emotional and physiological benefits of music, including Mozart’s works.

For example, music therapy has been effective in improving engagement, mood, and cognitive responsiveness among individuals with dementia and other cognitive impairments.

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The doctor ’ s words / When the mentally retarded person meets the familiar sound
In 2023, an estimated 6.7 million Americans aged 65 and older have Alzheimer ’ s disease.
Dementia in the elderly is an incurable disease. It is easy for patients to become isolated, because they will feel isolated and helpless about their own uselessness, and they are used to being alone in order to avoid embarrassment.
In the latter stages, they often lose the ability to communicate with people around them.
It is very painful for the patients themselves and the caregivers and family members who care for them.
In recent years, it has been found that music therapy can intervene and make up for this lack of progress.
It also increases the patient ’ s engagement with the surrounding environment and reduces many neurological symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and unexplained tantrums.
In other words, when people with dementia are unable to connect with their loved ones, that is, when they are unable to speak their language, music is the last bridge to interact with each other.
Q1: Do people with dementia have special feelings about music?
A1: According to nearly a decade of research by the Department of Neurology at Northwestern University, it has been found that even though people with dementia lose language and other memories, memories related to music often remain in the brain.
This is because areas of the brain involved in musical memory (e.g., the cerebellum) are not affected until late in the disease process.
Familiar music can help people with dementia recover certain aspects of their memory, make them feel calm, and greatly improve their mood.
Q2: Why do people with dementia remember their favorite songs?
A2: Although suffering from severe dementia, it means that a person has very little memory of their past.
Even if you can ’ t remember your son ’ s name, familiar songs that you ’ ve heard and sung will always come to mind.
Q3: In addition to music, is listening to the radio good for elderly people with dementia?
A3: In fact, the radio can not only provide good music, but also play emotional dialogue, which can truly relieve the loneliness of the dementia patient and bring comfort and peace.
Q4: How do people with dementia react to music?
A4: According to the research of clinical psychiatrists, it is found that people with dementia who are generally slow to respond to music, especially to their favorite music.
Hearing a familiar concert naturally shows a pleasant response, such as smiling or moving your body or even starting to dance.
And it seems to produce a unique and powerful stimulus response to familiar music that awakens the patient ’ s past personal and social connections.
In theory, if music can evoke memories, it may also help patients evoke other memories or related memories of that period.
In several studies, it has been consistently found that music tends to evoke more positive and positive memories from life than other clues.
Q5: Can music also prevent cognitive decline?
A5: Playing and listening to music can help slow the decline of cognitive function in older adults, according to a new study in Medical Journal Today.
Active note vibrations increase gray matter in certain areas of the brain and increase the plasticity of brain cells. Although music does not reverse or prevent brain cell shrinkage due to aging, it can slow cognitive decline.
Q6: What kind of music is most helpful?
A6: Studies have proved that classical music is the best choice.
The International Institute of Science calls this phenomenon the "Mozart effect."
It is recommended to listen to classical music such as Mozart, Bach, Beethoven and other famous composers.
Classical music seems to move the brain more easily than other music, is best suited for concentration, and is more able to produce substantial effects in absorbing new information.
Q7: Do musicians suffer from dementia?
A7: According to the International Institute of Science, a study of twins reported that musicians have a 64% lower risk of developing mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
The analysis of two other studies found that musicians had an average 59% lower risk of dementia.
Training and performance, which can be attributed to music, stimulates the brain and improves its ability to respond to the outside world.
Q8: Which organ is most stimulated by music?
A8: Although most activities such as visual art, computing, and language are mainly only half of the brain.
But music is one of the few that can pass through the auditory nerve and stimulate neurons on both sides of the brain at the same time.
Q9: How does music react in the brain?
A9: Music can promote the production of hormones dopamine and serotonin in the brain.
These are neurotransmitters that increase the sense of pleasure and ease.
There is also the so-called love hormone - oxytocin.
At the same time, research evidence shows that music can help reduce levels of the stress hormone cortisol, instantly relieving feelings of anxiety and depression.
Q10: How long does the music last?
A10: It ’ s a concern that in people with dementia, music can improve mood, behavior, and in some cases cognitive function, which, according to the Clinical Psychiatric Society, lasts for hours or even days after the music stops.
Q11: Can people without dementia benefit from music?
A11: A recent study suggests that playing an instrument and actively listening to music can help slow cognitive decline in people aged 62-78.
This study once again determined that musical activity increases the gray matter in many areas of the brain. Gray matter is an essential nerve tissue in the brain and spinal cord.
In particular, it plays an important role in psychology, memory, mood and movement. The increase in gray matter also increases the plasticity of the brain ’ s nerves – the brain ’ s ability to reconnect itself, which is important for learning cognition and memory preservation.
In addition to actively playing music, the 2023 study also showed that long-term music training, regardless of the age of the participants, can bring potential functional benefits to the brain and help keep the brain young and slow down aging.
(The author is a practicing physician in the Greater Washington area)
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Similarly, animal studies demonstrate that exposure to Mozart’s music can modulate stress and improve physiological outcomes through complex emotional and biological pathways.

These effects suggest that music's primary role may lie in emotional and motivational stimulation, creating an environment conducive to learning rather than directly augmenting cognitive capacity .

In summary, the Mozart Effect reflects a temporary, modest improvement in specific cognitive tasks linked to listening to Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major.

While some evidence supports short-term spatial reasoning boosts after listening to Mozart, the effect is small, variable, and influenced by individual factors such as emotional regulation and music familiarity.

Critiques emphasize that these benefits may not be unique to Mozart’s music and often result from generalized arousal or mood improvement.

For elementary school teachers, using Mozart’s music during breaks could serve effectively as a motivational or mood-enhancing tool rather than a definitive method to improve cognitive performance.

Incorporating music in this way can contribute positively to the classroom environment by promoting engagement and emotional well-being but should not be relied upon as a standalone cognitive enhancement strategy .

Practical recommendations for classroom use include selecting music based on student preferences to maximize emotional engagement and arousal, thereby enhancing motivation and attention.

Playing Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major during breaks or transitional periods can create a soothing yet stimulating atmosphere, which may indirectly support cognitive tasks by improving mood and focus.

Teachers may also consider incorporating active music-related activities, such as simple rhythm exercises or movement to music, to increase engagement.

It is advisable to observe individual student responses and adjust music selections accordingly, as some students might find certain types of music distracting rather than helpful.

Research underscores the importance of using music as part of a holistic strategy, complementing other effective educational practices that promote learning, attention, and well-being .

Examples include pairing music with mindfulness breaks or relaxation exercises to optimize classroom climate and student readiness to learn.

In conclusion, while listening to Mozart’s music does not guarantee direct cognitive improvements, strategic use in the classroom can serve as a valuable environmental enhancer.

This aligns with contemporary evidence favoring music’s role in emotional modulation, fostering an engaging and positive learning atmosphere conducive to student success.


In ancient Egypt, cats held an exceptionally high status both spiritually and culturally, reflecting their profound importance in Egyptian life.

Cats were revered as sacred animals closely linked to the goddess Bastet, one of the most widely venerated deities.

Bastet, often depicted as a lioness or a woman with a cat's head, symbolized protection, fertility, joy, and domestic well-being.

Initially a goddess of war, Bastet evolved into a guardian of the family and home, embodying warmth and nurturing qualities.

This divine connection endowed cats with spiritual significance as protectors against evil spirits and as symbols of grace and life’s cyclical nature.

The Egyptians celebrated festivals in Bastet’s honor, such as the widely attended “Festival of Bubastis,” which featured music, dancing, and offerings at temples, indicating her deep cultural and religious influence.

Many households maintained small shrines to Bastet, reflecting cats’ integral role in family worship and daily spiritual practice.

The cultural value of cats extended beyond spirituality to everyday life.

Cats were practical guardians of the home, protecting valuable grain stores by controlling rodent populations.

Their remarkable ability to see in the dark strengthened their mythological role as protectors and linked them symbolically to mystery and the unseen.

Egypt granted legal protections to cats; harming or killing a cat, even accidentally, was often met with severe penalties, demonstrating the high regard in which they were held.

Cats were so cherished that they were frequently mummified and buried with elaborate ceremonies, signifying beliefs in their eternal life and elevated status beyond death.

The emotional bond between Egyptians and their cats was profound and sacred.

This is illustrated by the mourning customs observed when a cat died: Egyptians would shave their eyebrows as a visible sign of grief, a ritual mourning practice paralleling that for human family members.

In ancient Egypt, cats held an exceptionally high status both spiritually and culturally, reflecting their profound importance in Egyptian life.

Title:

Content: The world 's first Shanghai Museum to hold the first exhibition with cats
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SHANGHAI (Reuters) - The People's Square Pavilion of the Shanghai Museum held its first exhibition with pet cats on Saturday (July 27), and 200 pet cats entered the museum that night under the leadership of their owners, setting a precedent for comprehensive museums in the world, reflecting the strong demand for Chinese people to travel with pets.
Comprehensive surging news network, Oriental network and other reports, with the top of the pyramid: ancient Egyptian civilization exhibition held, the Shanghai Museum since Saturday regularly launched a total of 10 museum strange night activities, inviting visitors to bring pet cats to watch the exhibition.
After the event tickets went on sale, the first 200 tickets sold out in one second, and all tickets for a total of 10 events sold out in one hour.
Many members of the public with pet cats arrived at the Shanghai Museum at 5: 30 p.m. on Saturday to wait in line, and the kittens in attendance attracted many passersby to stop and take photos.
Many relics on display are related to cats, including cat mummies.
In ancient Egypt, the cat god Bastet was regarded as a symbol of guardianship and spirituality; the ancient Egyptians worshiped the cat god, which coincided with the current people's love for "meow".
According to reports, pet visitors must go to the regular pet hospital in advance to issue a cat immunization certificate and present it when entering the museum.
Only certain areas in the museum exhibition hall allow pet cats to be photographed, but they must use their own traction rope and chest back; other areas need to be placed in their own cat bags and cat carts.
The event also invites pet doctors, pet emergency vehicles, pet management teams and other on-site personnel to deal with emergency situations.
Staff at the museum also receive professional training on pet cats.
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1 million pet dogs and more than 1.2 million pet cats in Shanghai.
As more and more pets enter the public space, many public places have successively joined the ranks of pet friendliness, and higher requirements have been put forward for fine urban management.
Chu Xiaobo, director of the Shanghai Museum, said that the demand for pet owners to travel with pets is strong, and on the premise of ensuring safety and order, it is hoped that the museum can be opened in different ways to allow the audience to have a more diverse experience.
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Cats were revered as sacred animals closely linked to the goddess Bastet, one of the most widely venerated deities.

Title:

Content: As before, cats were used to ward off evil spirits: try it yourself
Where did the idea that cats ward off evil spirits come from?
1: 39
Since ancient times, cats have been famous for their mystery and special abilities.
In the world of folklore and legends, they often act as protectors against evil spirits and evil forces.
In antiquity and the Middle Ages it was believed that cats have a special sacred gift that helps them protect their homes and their owners from unfavorable energies.
In Egyptian mythology, cats were considered sacred animals associated with the goddess Bastet.
They were depicted as defenders of the home, as well as patrons of the family.
In medieval Europe, cats were often associated with magic and witchcraft, leading to their persecution during the Inquisition.
However, among the peoples of Scandinavia and Great Britain, cats were often seen as a symbol of protection from evil spirits.
In Scandinavian mythology, cats were considered companions of warriors and guides of souls of the dead on Asgard.
They were also supposed to be able to see hidden worlds and predict the future.
In the English folklore tradition, the black cat was considered a symbol of good luck and protection from evil spirits.
In medieval England, it was even believed that the owners of black cats have a special charm and protection from misfortune.
In Scotland, it was believed that if a black cat visits a house, it brings good luck and well-being to the family.
Traditions and legends about the protective power of cats are preserved in the modern world.
Many people still consider their furry friends not only faithful companions, but also mystical guardians, able to scare away evil spirits and bring harmony to the house.
Author Ilya Panferov
Ilya Panferov — freelance correspondent of Pravda.Ru

Bastet, often depicted as a lioness or a woman with a cat's head, symbolized protection, fertility, joy, and domestic well-being.

Title:

Content: The cat becomes the goddess Baxter! 2 Meow to look: Are you also suffering?
Editorial Center / General Report
2022-09-02 13: 35: 40
In Egyptian mythology, Bastet is the goddess of the head of the cat, also known as the goddess of the cat, the goddess of pregnancy and childbirth, who was once a goddess of war, and slowly transformed into the guardian of the family, symbolizing the warmth and joy of the family.
And the Japanese master uses "simple one thing", so that their two black cats into the goddess Bastet, they look at each other high and low, as if to comfort each other: "It seems that you can not escape the master's claws ah ~".
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On the 1st, the Lord posted a message saying that he put a fruit net on his cat ’ s head to make it look noble and cute, and his wife laughed and said that he was like the Egyptian goddess Bastet. Soon after he ate the marrow and made another cat change, and two black cats forced to become goddesses, one standing on a higher cupboard, with the door as the center. They look down at each other, and they look at each other with a thousand words in their eyes.
Netizens reply "My cat also has imitation haha", "round eyes are so cute", "Sorry, I did the same thing to my parents' cat" XDD "," My dog has been played by my wife before, but it looks good (laughs) ".
(Editor: Li Huiting)
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Initially a goddess of war, Bastet evolved into a guardian of the family and home, embodying warmth and nurturing qualities.

This divine connection endowed cats with spiritual significance as protectors against evil spirits and as symbols of grace and life’s cyclical nature.

The Egyptians celebrated festivals in Bastet’s honor, such as the widely attended “Festival of Bubastis,” which featured music, dancing, and offerings at temples, indicating her deep cultural and religious influence.

Many households maintained small shrines to Bastet, reflecting cats’ integral role in family worship and daily spiritual practice.

The cultural value of cats extended beyond spirituality to everyday life.

Cats were practical guardians of the home, protecting valuable grain stores by controlling rodent populations.

Title:

Content: The mummy of a pet: why and why did the ancient Egyptians do this?
1: 43
The Egyptians showed special respect for their pets, their love was so great that they wanted these animals to have eternal life.
After death, pets were mummified and went through a complex burial process.
In ancient Egyptian worldview, four-legged and feathered creatures were considered sacred, divine and influencing their destinies.
They occupied an honorable place in the pantheon, and the gods were often depicted with animal heads.
Mummification was an integral part of this religious practice, emphasizing the special status of these creatures in the eyes of the Egyptians.
The Egyptians mummified various animals, believing that their gods could take different forms.
For example, the goddess Bast, the daughter of Ra, was depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat ’ s head.
This goddess symbolized well-being, joy, love and fertility.
The Egyptians especially revered cats for their ability to exterminate rodents, which was critical for preserving grain stocks, then considered valuable as gold.
Cats have also earned the nickname “sunny eye ” due to their ability to see in the dark.
This property made them important symbols in Egyptian mythology.
Archaeological studies conducted at the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa have uncovered the burial of crocodiles, one of which has been preserved in the form of a practically whole mummy, providing a unique look at the ancient rites and veneration of animals in this culture.
Author Petr Deryabin
Petr Deryabin – journalist, correspondent of Pravda.Ru news service

Their remarkable ability to see in the dark strengthened their mythological role as protectors and linked them symbolically to mystery and the unseen.

Egypt granted legal protections to cats; harming or killing a cat, even accidentally, was often met with severe penalties, demonstrating the high regard in which they were held.

Cats were so cherished that they were frequently mummified and buried with elaborate ceremonies, signifying beliefs in their eternal life and elevated status beyond death.

The emotional bond between Egyptians and their cats was profound and sacred.

This is illustrated by the mourning customs observed when a cat died: Egyptians would shave their eyebrows as a visible sign of grief, a ritual mourning practice paralleling that for human family members.

Title:

Content: Experts told where the expression “the cat cried ” came from
2022-11-12 13: 53
Language is unthinkable without phraseology.
Surely many of us have heard the expression “horse in apples ”,“ dog in the hay ”, “stupid as a goose ”.
The origin of the expression is easy to understand: cats were tamed thousands of years ago and lived next to people even more than other livestock.
The cat could also personify the gods: in Egypt, the goddess Bastet had the head of a cat, and in the Slavs, the god Veles could take the form of a cat.
Cats were always kept close to home, like mousetraps and amulets: the cat, according to legend, could negotiate with the spirits living in the places where they built a dwelling.
This is how the tradition of launching a cat first on a housewarming party was born.
From there, perhaps, and so close attention to these animals.
Of course, no one has ever seen tears in the eyes of cats.
Abundant secretion of eye fluid occurs only when the animal is sick.
At the same time, a similar phenomenon in cats is observed hardly more often than in other domestic animals, and why it was the cat who was honored to “cry ” about an acute deficiency, one can only guess.
However, there is another version, quite exotic.
It is associated with the so-called “difficulties of translation ”.
Here is a direct analogy with the "Jolly Roger", which was born as a result of the hearing of the English.
Perhaps the same was true of the Slavs.
In Arabic, there is the expression “qat nailaq, ” which literally means“ not enough money. ”
Probably, the Eastern peoples, which sharply ran out of the source of material goods, compared themselves with weeping animals.
This was as unthinkable as a sharp decline in income.
However, this version was not widely distributed.
Nevertheless, she has a right to life, especially since the crying cat and "kat nailak" have approximately the same meaning.
With the only difference that a crying cat symbolizes the lack of not only money, but also other things.
Posted by: Angelina Krent