Overtourism is a phenomenon characterized by an excessive number of tourists in a particular destination, burdening local infrastructure, degrading environmental quality, and diminishing residents' quality of life.

Originating as a term highlighted in 2018 by the Oxford English Dictionary, overtourism refers to the negative impacts caused when visitor numbers exceed a location's capacity, leading to crowding, environmental degradation, loss of local culture, and inflated living costs .

**Causes of Overtourism:**

Key drivers include the expansion of low-cost airlines and travel platforms (such as Airbnb), the influence of social media concentrating visitors on "Instagrammable" spots, and economic incentives encouraging destinations to maximize tourist numbers without foresight into capacity limits.

Additionally, post-pandemic "retaliatory" travel surges amplify overcrowding.

For example, small tourist-led economies like Venice and the Canary Islands suffer from homogenization of shops, rising property rents due to multinational investments, and limited job quality for locals despite increased employment

[4bd649f2-da29-4279-8605-12dc0f8367d9_38011106; e8218fac-be75-450d-a3c6-ce96b2808e2e_476571446].

**Impacts:** Social consequences of overtourism include increased living costs, displacement of residents through housing market pressures, loss of cultural identity, and nuisances like traffic congestion and noise pollution.

Environmental effects comprise degradation of natural ecosystems, pollution, and strain on resources.

Economically, while tourism generates jobs and revenue, it may foster dependence on a narrow sector, inflate prices, and fail to provide living wages to the general population.

The quality of services for both tourists and locals may decline, especially with worker shortages exacerbated post-COVID-19

[4bd649f2-da29-4279-8605-12dc0f8367d9_38011106; e8218fac-be75-450d-a3c6-ce96b2808e2e_476571446].

**Post-Pandemic Context:**

Overtourism is a phenomenon characterized by an excessive number of tourists in a particular destination, burdening local infrastructure, degrading environmental quality, and diminishing residents' quality of life.

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Content:
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Sedona Film Festival presents ‘Crowded Out’

“Crowded Out” is a powerful short documentary exploring over-tourism, featuring interviews with local residents and global experts. (Image provided by SIFF)

Originally Published: September 14, 2022 8:43 p.m.

The Sedona International Film Festival is proud to present the third film in its four-week Sustainable Tourism Film Series. “Crowded Out: The Story of Overtourism” will show on Thursday, Sept. 22 at the Mary D. Fisher Theatre at 4 p.m. The event will also include a selection of “Sustainable Travel: Where Next?” short films along with a panel discussion.

“Crowded Out” is a powerful short documentary exploring overtourism, featuring interviews with local residents and global experts.

Overtourism occurs when there are too many visitors to a particular destination. When rent prices push out local tenants to make way for holiday rentals, when narrow roads become jammed with tourist vehicles, when tourists cannot view landmarks because of the crowds – these are all signs of overtourism.

And it is the backlash from local residents that has made overtourism news. Cities such as Barcelona, Venice and Dubrovnik, and places once thought of as remote such as Iceland and Skye have suffered firsthand, and the protests by local residents have spread.

There has been decades of virtually uncontrolled growth, and it has crossed a threshold: in many destinations, tourism now demonstrably creates more problems than benefits.

This special event will also include a selection of short films from “Sustainable Travel: Where Next?” This series includes short-form documentary films, featuring insightful stories from the global travel and tourism sector showing how they are driving sustainable travel and protecting these precious destinations.

Following the screenings, there will be a panel discussion with representatives the City of Sedona, the Sedona Chamber of Commerce, Keep Sedona Beautiful and the tourism and hospitality industry here.

“Crowded Out: The Story of Overtourism” will be shown at the Mary D. Fisher Theatre on Thursday, Sept. 22 at 4 p.m. Tickets are $12, or $9 for Film Festival members. For tickets and more information, please call 928-282-1177. Both the theatre and film festival office are located at 2030 W. Hwy. 89A, in West Sedona. For more information, visit: www.SedonaFilmFestival.org.

The final film in the Sustainable Tourism Series is:

Thursday, Sept. 29 at 4 p.m. “Vendemmia”

Originating as a term highlighted in 2018 by the Oxford English Dictionary, overtourism refers to the negative impacts caused when visitor numbers exceed a location's capacity, leading to crowding, environmental degradation, loss of local culture, and inflated living costs .

Title:

Content: Point of view
Lin Chi-yin
Lin Chi-yin: "Traveling Everywhere" and "Over-Travel"
Earlier, the Director of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council, Hsia Baolong, advocated the concept of “travel everywhere ” to fully explore Hong Kong ’ s tourism resources.
To speed up the implementation of the concept, the authorities are planning to set up a "special class" to bring together people inside and outside the Government for in-depth discussions.
In recent days, officials and legislators have expressed their views on the development of "red tourism", exploring new spots in the community, beautifying the streets, and presenting some scenes in the movies.
Simply put, it may be the story behind the attraction, or the accumulated word of mouth on social media, and every tree and grass anywhere can become a tourist attraction.
Of course, the author hopes that the "class" can launch various new ideas; and since the task of the class is to implement the concept of "travel everywhere", then how to implement the concept is the best for Hong Kong, the industry, the community and the public, the class can not ignore.
The University of Hong Kong campus has been forced by tourists, and the school has implemented reservation measures this month.
HKU itself has a complete management structure, and the university can still implement crowd control according to the situation. However, if some scenic spots that go deep into the community or even close to residential buildings are really "red hot", it may not be easy to implement crowd control.
“Everywhere travel ” is a concept, the key to implementation lies in the ability of the authorities to foresee problems. If you rely only on“ see and see ”, it is very likely that good things will turn into bad things.
“Aggressive ” Travel
In 2018, the word “overtourism ” was chosen as the Oxford English Dictionary ’ s word of the year, referring to the negative effects of overloading the area, declining quality of life and environmental damage caused by the influx of tourists to tourist attractions.
For example, Venice, Italy, which has long been affected by “overtourism ”, is not a“ once in a lifetime ” – the local population is only 50,000, and the number of daily tourists has exceeded the local population; during peak season, the number of daily visitors has even doubled.
I have friends who visited the place more than a decade ago, and they all agreed to say that people are crowded and will not go again.
In addition to Venice, some European cities or small islands with a tourism-led economy (such as the Canarias in Spain) also face the problem of job opportunities, high prices, and a homogenization of shops. Multinational companies invest heavily in hotels and holiday cottages, which also lead to higher rents, which locals can ’ t afford.
Even if tourism brings a lot of jobs to the region, it does not mean that the average person can earn a living wage.
People in these places understand the importance of tourism to the local economy, but they do not want the tourism industry to be unlimited, resulting in the resources of the whole place are only for the service of tourists.
"Tourism Hazards" and How to Deal with them
In Japanese society after the epidemic, a similar term, "tourism nuisance", has also appeared to describe problems such as traffic, noise, nuisance, and garbage pollution caused by too many tourists.
This phenomenon, in addition to the popularity of exchange rates, affordable air tickets, and people's desire to travel after the epidemic, social media will also have the effect of focusing on specific hot spots.
In the era of image-led, everyone can follow the picture, some places that were not originally planned as tourist attractions have begun to face sudden overcrowding.
Hong Kong people who love to visit Japan will not be unfamiliar with two “attractions ”: the Daokou near Enojima Electric Railway ’ s Kamakura University Station, and a Lawson convenience store in Kawaguchi-cho.
The former is the "holy place" of the popular manga "When Men are in the bottle". In recent years, the crossing has been congested with traffic due to frequent visits by tourists to "punch", local people can not get on the electric train, and some tourists are dangerous for taking good photos. Lawson is also a "punch" attraction, and the picture is a convenience store with a beautiful view of Mount Fuji. of tourists are constantly crossing the road and parking without permission, causing local residents to feel troubled.
Too many tourists can also lead to a decline in the quality of service, even in Japan, which values the spirit of “work people ”.
When I visited Japan last year, I saw some shops find ways to deal with “tourism hazards ” on their own, such as not allowing diners to take photos in the store, so that after the photos are uploaded to social media, it will cause more people to come and see them; limiting the number of diners to the number of people that the staff can serve, even if the seats are not full.
However, some tourists always find it difficult to understand the intentions behind these arrangements, and I have heard some tourists complain: "Obviously there is still a place, why not let us sit?"
When these conflicts can no longer be handled by businesses and residents themselves, how to strike a balance between “tourism ” and“ public nuisance ” will gradually become a policy issue.
The most extreme way to deal with it is to “eliminate ” popular attractions – coincidentally, the authorities of Kawaguchiko recently erected a 20-meter-long and 2.5-meter-high“ black curtain ” in front of Lawson to drive away tourists who came to take photos.
The reason why the authorities have to take extreme measures is that management alone can not prevent tourists from rushing out of the road, which is actually to "play the spot".
In addition, there are more and more tourist cities and hotspots charging tourists "admission fees" or "admission fees", but this method can not play a large role.
In Venice, for example, the city has been charging a 5 euro entry fee (about HK $42) to “overnight ” travelers since last month.
However, these fees simply cannot curb the huge demand for tourists, and the revenue is mainly used as a financial source to cope with "excessive travel", which can only cure the symptoms, not the root cause.
The Real Meaning of “Travel Everywhere ”
At this point, some people may point out that the above problems will only become problems if we succeed in attracting tourists to Hong Kong; what we have to focus on is how to get more people to come to Hong Kong.
However, how much tourism can bring to a city depends on the management and policies of the city, not on the remedial measures that can be taken.
Although the share of tourism industry in Hong Kong's economy is far less than that of the "tourist city" mentioned above, Hong Kong can't wait to see that other places are looking for countermeasures for the "tourism nuisance", and even start to turn to attack, redefine the tourism industry from the planning level and actively promote tourist education.
In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for example, the government announced last month that it would ban new hotels and limit the number of cruise ships to return the city to a livable and tourism-friendly city. In Kamakura, Japan, people are no longer concentrated at certain points by decentralizing transportation (such as the launch of electric tricycle rental business) and proactively promoting multiple circumnavigation routes (such as the travel routes at 13 locations of Kamakura Shogunate).
The main disadvantage of post-event remediation is that the difficulty and cost of solving the problem are greatly increased, which will also affect the experience of tourists. More than 10 years ago, the North District of Hong Kong also experienced a pharmacy every few steps, and the situation of residents in the North District driving out water consignors on their own, which hurt the feelings of the people of the two places.
In particular, there are many policy issues that can be foreseen in advance, and we do not have to go through them personally before we know what the problem is (for example, the legal problems faced by cleaners under the garbage levy will not be known until the moment of trial).
Since there is a great deal of experience and policy measures in various places to refer to, the “Special Class ” must also strike a balance between tourism and city operations when formulating tourist routes and supporting packages, otherwise the attraction will only lead to losses. After the city of Kamakura solved the problem of overcrowding of tourists, the tourism industry representative of Kanagawa Prefecture (that is, the seat of Kamakura City) pointed out:“ Attraction is not tourism. ” The amount of time it takes to win is certainly not appropriate.
“Travel Everywhere ” is not just about adding tourist attractions, but promoting quality tourism in a more nuanced and proactive way to avoid problems.
The author is a public policy consultant.
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**Causes of Overtourism:**

Key drivers include the expansion of low-cost airlines and travel platforms (such as Airbnb), the influence of social media concentrating visitors on "Instagrammable" spots, and economic incentives encouraging destinations to maximize tourist numbers without foresight into capacity limits.

Additionally, post-pandemic "retaliatory" travel surges amplify overcrowding.

Title:

Content: Travel expert explains how to find ‘room to breathe’ in overcrowded destinations

Some of Europe's most popular destinations have struggled to cope with surging numbers of tourists this summer. Express.co.uk spoke to an expert to find out how British tourists can avoid the crowds.

“There’s more to these places than the box office tourist sites" (Image: Getty)

Whether or , some top destinations have struggled with overcrowding this summer.

As travel restrictions fade into the past, more tourists than ever seem to be heading out to explore. Unfortunately, this means some destinations have become overcrowded.

Express.co.uk spoke to Sarah Faith, senior values writer at Responsible Travel, to find out how British tourists can escape the crowds.

Sarah told Express.co.uk : “Travelling outside of peak times is one of the best ways to avoid the crowds in popular destinations. But you could also get off the beaten track a bit.

“There’s more to these places than the box office tourist sites. Find out what the locals love, explore the surrounding villages or spend time browsing local farmer, artisan and flea markets.”

Tourists have complained of crowds in Rome (Image: Getty)

Although tourists often feel pressure to tick off a destination’s top sites, they could have a more rewarding experience heading to quieter spots.

Sarah added: “You’ll have more room to breathe, and have a more authentic experience too. Plus, you’ll help spread out the weight and benefits of tourism more. A win for everyone.”

However, when it comes to getting off the beaten track, Sarah says there are a few factors tourists should consider before booking a holiday.

She told Express.co.uk: “There are plenty of quieter destinations that offer exceptional culture and landscapes.

"You can make sure your holiday supports local people by choosing locally owned guesthouses" (Image: Getty)

“It’s important though that we don’t just transfer the problems of overtourism to another place. You can make sure your holiday supports local people by choosing locally owned guesthouses rather than Airbnbs run by out of town professional hosts, eating in restaurants that serve locally sourced produce and hiring a local guide to show you around.”

While Airbnbs can be a convenient option, locals in some top destinations have complained the properties price them out of the housing market .

Sarah said: “Places like Barcelona, Venice and Dubrovnik are great to visit, but they’re people’s homes too.

“When tourism takes over, it prices local people out of the housing market, closes local amenities and erodes the local culture and social identity that made us want to visit in the first place.

“Locals might be the first to lose out from overtourism but left unchecked, it kills off the tourist experience too. It’s in everyone’s interest to tackle the problem.”

France recently launched a campaign to encourage tourists to visit some of the country’s hidden gems. Leading attractions such as .

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For example, small tourist-led economies like Venice and the Canary Islands suffer from homogenization of shops, rising property rents due to multinational investments, and limited job quality for locals despite increased employment

[4bd649f2-da29-4279-8605-12dc0f8367d9_38011106; e8218fac-be75-450d-a3c6-ce96b2808e2e_476571446].

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The city and the world: whether preferential loans will help tourist projects
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Rosturizm approved the first projects that will receive preferential loans in the amount of 140 billion rubles at a rate of 3-5% for the construction and reconstruction of hotels.
Details - in the material "News".
14,000 new numbers
The decision to provide preferential loans for the construction and reconstruction of hotels makes it possible to create a real platform for investing in tourist infrastructure, without delaying the beginning of this process for 3-5 years, said Alexander Osaulenko, director of the Association "Tourpomich".
In addition, it will help to diversify the tourist product and launch start-ups in the domestic market.
According to the secretariat of Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko, the volume of investments in the first 38 approved projects will be about 200 billion rubles, of which 140 billion rubles will be attracted in the form of soft loans.
This will allow in the next 2-3 years to create about 14 thousand new modern rooms of various categories of stars.
At the same time, the first reconstruction projects will be ready next year.
— Loans to investors will be provided for a period of up to 15 years, and the state will subsidize banks the amount in the amount of the refinancing rate, — said Dmitry Chernyshenko. — The list of projects approved by the Federal Tourism Agency, according to the rules, was agreed by the subcommission of the government commission on tourism.
Photo: Izvestia / Pavel Bednyakov
Such preferential lending is a completely new measure of support for the industry, which is being implemented for the first time in the framework of the national project “Tourism and Hospitality Industry ”.
Projects for selection, in accordance with the rules, are provided to Rosturizm by authorized banks, after which they must be approved by the subcommission of the government commission on tourism.
In total, until 2024, almost 19 billion rubles are planned to be allocated for subsidizing the interest rate by banks within the framework of the national project.
- 75% of the approved projects will be managed by large federal and international hotel operators, - said the general director of the corporation "Turism.RF" Sergey Sukhanov. - Their presence guarantees the quality of services provided, a high level of service and safety, and also creates a competitive environment in the industry.
We have tried to support projects in resort areas – where the most acute lack of high-quality year-round tourist infrastructure.
It is expected that more than half of the supported number of rooms (about 9 thousand rooms) will be created in the Republic of Crimea, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, Kaliningrad, Yaroslavl and Tver regions (Zavidovo), Karachay-Cherkessia (Arkhyz).
About 1,000 more numbers were supported in Siberia and the Far East - in Sheregesh, Baikal, Primorsky Krai and the Sakhalin Region.
Support measures for recovery
The new support measure will have a beneficial effect on the restoration and development of the tourism industry, but it is only part of a set of measures to support the tourism industry by the state.
“Business can cope with some modern challenges on its own, but it needs to correctly and gradually distribute forces and means, which, unfortunately, are not so much today, ” says Oleksandr Osaulenko.
So, in his opinion, it is necessary to prolong the government resolution of July 20 last year in terms of the further planned and gradual return to citizens of the funds contributed to the travel companies in 2019 and 2020.
The document was designed to quickly restore the market, up to a maximum of a year.
“But today, after more than a year and a half, it is clear that for the most part the international tourist market is still closed.
The main part of the funds is with partners abroad and can not be in demand, ” the expert notes.
In this regard, professional public associations have already appealed to the government with a request to extend the validity of last year's resolution.
Now this issue is being worked out by the Federal Agency for Tourism in conjunction with the business community.
Photo: Izvestia / Alexander Polegenko
According to Evgeny Plisetsky, Deputy Director of the Institute for Regional Studies and Urban Planning at the Higher School of Economics, the new measure is one of the components of a whole range of measures aimed at systematic and comprehensive support for the development of the tourism industry.
The allocated funds will be used to create new accommodation facilities to cover the shortage of demand in the domestic market in the context of the pandemic, the expert emphasizes.
— Questions arise from the point of view of efficiency and control over the development of allocated funds and compliance with the terms of construction of the declared objects, — says Eugene Plisetsky. — On the other hand, at the same time with the introduction of objects should be organized and infrastructure preparation of the territory around them — we are talking about convenient transport schemes, quality improvement of public places, the organization of additional activities for tourists.
At the same time, in his opinion, it is important to pay attention not only to the reconstruction and creation of a new modern infrastructure, but also to the quality of service - training of hotel staff, guides and tour guides, certification of accommodation places.
What ’ s left outside the box
“It is clear that 38 projects will not make the weather in the entire tourism and hospitality industry, but the appearance of these projects and the allocation of 140 billion rubles for the construction of accommodation facilities for various categories with a total number of about 14 thousand rooms is already a big step forward in supporting domestic tourism, ” said Natalia Zaitseva, Professor of the Department of Hospitality, Tourism and Sports at Plekhanov Russian University.
The expert believes that among other priority areas of investment in the development of domestic tourism can now be called infrastructure - roads, beaches, utilities (light, gas) - accommodation and tourist display facilities, the creation of places for sanitary and hygienic parking and other facilities that make the tourist destination attractive.
When planning investments in the hotel business, it is necessary to take into account the practices of building hotels in countries specializing in the development of tourism.
Investing in long-term projects, it is necessary to understand how consumer behavior will change in 5-10 years, - says the professor.
However, the president of the Association of Gastronomic Tourism of Russia Andrei Paramonov believes that "such investments still will give little."
- This is a process for the sake of the process, - says Andrei Paramonov. - Because the tourism industry is a systemic crisis.
Not the first year the state invests in the development of accommodation facilities.
The big question is, who will work?
At the state level, the training and education of the same chefs and waiters is completely ignored.
Waiter is no longer a profession, but a part-time job for students.
And what to feed the guests of these hotels?
Photo: Izvestia / Pavel Bednyakov
The expert emphasizes that the influx of holidaymakers at domestic resorts is not a “victory for Russian tourism ”.
- This is only a temporary phenomenon associated with the hopelessness of the closure of foreign destinations, - said Andrei Paramonov. - Now our tourism suffers not so much from the lack of rooms, as from the lack of quality services, quality food and quality service.
And the pumping of hotels does not occur where it is required.
Crimea, Kaliningrad, the resorts of the Krasnodar Territory are already quite overheated destinations.
In these regions, a lot of sanatoriums, hotels and private guest houses.
What new ones are there to build, would put in order the existing ones.
The expert notes that “in general without normal means of accommodation are Myshkin, Kasimov and many other ancient and valuable for tourists cities ”.
Summing up, it should be recognized that now before tourism in Russia there are two key problems - infrastructure and service.
Others are related to the provision of food for accommodation facilities, the formation of distribution networks of supplies, the optimization of transport routes, and so on.
The effectiveness of the tourism industry directly depends on the clarity and coherence of the applied support measures - from simplifying the procedures for obtaining and ending with the monitoring of the implementation of funded initiatives.
The effect of the first tranche of support can be expected in 2-3 years after the launch of the first ready-made projects, the HSE experts summarize.
Read also

**Impacts:** Social consequences of overtourism include increased living costs, displacement of residents through housing market pressures, loss of cultural identity, and nuisances like traffic congestion and noise pollution.

Title:

Content: According to the statistics of the Tourism Bureau, the number of tourists visiting scenic spots last year was about 211 million, a decline of 35.2% compared with the previous year. Based on the recession, the annual domestic tourism output value of about 400 billion yuan was only about 270 billion yuan last year. "We need to put more effort into reimagining tourist attractions, adjusting tourism products, and building a new style," says Cheng.
After the outbreak of the epidemic, some of the lack of competition in the tourism industry is facing a tidal wave, and the market has a mechanism for exiting. For example, in terms of the frequency of travel and the level of consumption, it is likely that there will be further improvements, which will be positive factors for boosting domestic tourism as a whole after the epidemic.
In the case that the road ahead is still full of uncertainty, operators can still regard this crisis as an opportunity to adjust their physical fitness, modify the existing business direction model, and review the customer service needs.
For example, in Taitung, for example, Taitung has the advantage of abundant natural and ecological resources. However, due to its location on the border, the long-term transportation difficulties of railways and highways, expensive air tickets, and the inconvenience of overseas transportation, enterprises' investment in Taitung's tourism industry is mostly discouraged due to transportation costs, and the tourism development of Taitung County has been limited for a long time. The lack of uniqueness reduces the incentive for tourists to be willing to stop.
However, in recent years, Taitung has successfully turned hot air balloons, tourism related industries have flourished, and the surrounding livelihood industries have also risen along with the tide. How to create a reason for tourists to "come to Taitung" from the advantages of Taitung, Taitung has made hot air balloons a sustainable tourism industry, revitalizing Taitung's economy and creating real tourism value.
In the medium and long term, increasing the demand for experiential products is the most inevitable, in order to transform through a long time, the off-season will flourish.
In addition, by classifying consumption and travel product demand, emphasizing the experience culture and improving quality, you can increase the price and increase satisfaction.
In addition, for the medium and remote passenger flow, it is necessary to extend the number of days of travel, make differentiated and customized content, and optimize the development of exquisite travel.
Cheng Yuet-tsai also points out that "perfect itinerary planning can make tourists experience the beauty of the place", because tourism can not only be natural scenery, but also must be accompanied by tourism activities to complement each other. Not only can it bring tourists a deeper travel experience, but it can also achieve the goals of cultural inheritance, education and lifelong learning.
Zheng Yuecai also pointed out that many tourist hotels in China claim to be five-star, but many actually do not participate in the government's star rating, but in the media, advertising confusion, there is a suspicion of deceiving consumers, for the law-abiding investment of tourist hotels business is very unfair.
Due to the current shortage of labor in domestic hotels, the government should reward enterprises that have passed the five-star evaluation and introduce tourism migrant workers to help enterprises solve the manpower dilemma, which can indirectly promote five-star hotels to solve the labor manpower problem and pay attention to improving service quality to achieve a win-win situation.
However, it is worth considering that this phenomenon of "retaliatory travel" has caused the tourists to overload the load of tourist attractions, and the people not only do not get the tourism quality that they deserve, but also cause a serious impact on the local social, cultural and ecological environment. And...
Zheng Yuetai also with many years of experience in the operation of tourist resorts put forward suggestions, scenic spots next to do an important work is to attract domestic tourists, first of all to the domestic young ethnic tourists, and then the urban population, foreign long-distance passenger flow gradually back to the border.
He believes that counties and cities need to strengthen the marketing of tourist attractions, change the image of the reshaping attractions, establish a new image of health and vitality, and also re-establish the confidence of tourists to travel, and promote the government to help the outside world to establish a message of health and safety of domestic tourism.
At the same time, counties and cities affected by the epidemic will have more psychological sympathy after the recovery of the epidemic.
Zheng Yucai believes that whether the tourism industry can recover quickly at the end of the year, in addition to whether the government can put forward favorable policies, the most important thing for the industry is to "self-help". In addition to understanding customer needs, it should also establish its own brand value and establish a deep connection with customers.
When the tourism industry can grasp and properly express the fundamental values that are of great significance to consumers, it will ultimately create deep customer loyalty and create momentum for the sustainable growth of tourism.
Zheng Yucai also said that he hopes that the domestic tourism industry can turn the crisis into a turning point in the post-epidemic era and create new tourism peaks.
# Travel # Zheng Yue Cai # Businessman # Taitung # Tourists

Environmental effects comprise degradation of natural ecosystems, pollution, and strain on resources.

Economically, while tourism generates jobs and revenue, it may foster dependence on a narrow sector, inflate prices, and fail to provide living wages to the general population.

The quality of services for both tourists and locals may decline, especially with worker shortages exacerbated post-COVID-19

**Post-Pandemic Context:**

Title:

Content: African Tourism Board Associations Country | Region Government News Jamaica News Rwanda Tourism Trending

Commonwealth is a 54-Country Strong Tourism Opportunity

Jamaica presented the idea of Commonwealth tourism cooperation at the 54 member meeting in Rwanda.

Rwanda is the newest country in the 54-member Commonwealth and the host of this year’s meeting. The East African nation’s president, Paul Kagame, said his country became a member of the union to benefit from its unity and development.

Leaders of 54 countries in the British Commonwealth are meeting in Rwanda to discuss trade, food security, health issues, climate change, and also tourism.

Commonwealth member states are meeting for the first time in four years to discuss ways to strengthen relations and tackle global problems ranging from health care and conflict to climate change and food security.

Speaking in Rwanda’s capital of Kigali and representing Queen Elizabeth, Britain’s Prince Charles said such a political union is still needed to overcome the world’s challenges.

Among the dignitaries attending is the King of Eswatini, His Majesty Mswati III, the host country of the African Tourism Board.

Tourism is showing face, with African Tourism Board Chairman Cuthbert Ncube attending.

Jamaica’s tourism minister Edmund Bartlett was wearing his hat as a global travel and tourism leader. He presented the idea and concept for a post covid tourism led framework for promoting economic convergence among commonwealth countries. Commonwealth Tourism at the Rwanda Forum.

Addressing a session on Sustainable Tourism & Travel during the Commonwealth Business Forum Jamaica’s Minister of Tourism Edmund Bartlett argued that the tourism industry holds significant potential to boost economic convergence among Commonwealth economies.

The Commonwealth Tourism Organization was active 10-15 years ago and had discussions in Abuja, Nigeria, and Kuala Lumpur Malaysia on tourism cooperation between Commonwealth Countries.

Here is the transcript of the presentation on a post covid tourism-led framework by Minster Bartlett presented to the Commonwealth Business Forum in Rwanda.

Background

The ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic has produced a severe adverse socio-economic impact on the 54 countries of the Commonwealth stretching across the regions of Africa, Asia, The Americas, Europe, and the Pacific.

The Commonwealth is especially vulnerable to long-term economic shocks because it comprises 32 of the world’s 42 small states, each with a population of 1.5 million people or less (Commonwealth.Org, 2022).

Most of these economies are undiversified and heavily depend on primary industries, external trade, foreign direct investment, and tourism- which have all been severely impacted by the global economic downturn.

In 2021, the World Bank estimated that the Small States contracted by 7.1 percent compared to 1.7 percent for all emerging markets and developing economies (The World Bank, 2021). Small states also face fairly- fixed development challenges related to their narrow resource bases, small domestic markets, geographical remoteness, and vulnerability to environmental disasters (The World Bank, 2021).

The prolonged global economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has, however, offered an opportunity for hard-hit small states of the Commonwealth to re-calibrate their economic relationship with each other and the larger Commonwealth states.

Recalibrating economic relationship among Commonwealth Countries

Historically, trade levels among Commonwealth countries have remained very low. While the Commonwealth boasts the fastest growing countries in the world, with growth over the past two decades doubling that of the European Union, intra-Commonwealth trade amounts to only 17 % of Commonwealth members’ global trade with services trade enjoying a much smaller share, estimated at one-quarter of the total intra-Commonwealth trade (Commonwealth. Org, 2017).

Most Commonwealth countries are exporting mainly to countries located within their immediate geographical zones and with larger economies such as China, The United States, The UK, The Eurozone, India, Australia, and New Zealand.

Given this context, a part of accelerating the economic development of the Commonwealth may lie in fostering greater economic convergences among Commonwealth Countries.

Indeed, the Commonwealth collectively constitutes a sizeable market of 2.6 billion out of the world’s population of 7.9 billion that can be leveraged to promote more robust and sustained macroeconomic growth, especially in the area of export trade.

Tourism as a catalyst for promoting economic convergences among Commonwealth Countries

One industry that holds significant potential to boost economic convergences among Commonwealth economies is Tourism.

In 2019, tourism was the third-largest export category of the global economy, after fuels and chemicals, accounting for 7% of global trade (UNWTO, 2019).

Of the twenty countries in the world where tourism is the largest contributor to exports, thirteen are Commonwealth member states (Commonwealth Innovation, 2020).

Currently, Tourism is the lifeline of Commonwealth economies located in the world’s most tourism-dependent regions such as the Caribbean, The Pacific, the Mediterranean, and the Indian Ocean.

Unfortunately, the major source markets for tourist arrivals as well as for supplying inputs, such as goods and services, to the tourism industry in the Commonwealth are the developed economies of North America, East Asia (especially China), and Western Europe.

Consequently, the phenomenal pace of tourism growth and expansion over the years has delivered insufficient benefits to Commonwealth economies, due in large part, to the low levels of tourism trade among these countries which has prevented these countries from retaining much of the revenue generated from the industry

Strategies for boosting economic convergences among Commonwealth Countries through Tourism

The formulation of post-Covid-19 economic recovery and growth strategies for Commonwealth countries requires that these countries urgently rethink the existing frameworks of economic partnerships with the goal of realigning the boundaries of international trade in their favor.

This requires more synergies, collaborations, and partnerships that will foster economic complementarities and convergences among Commonwealth economies.

This will contribute to more value-added economic exchanges between smaller countries and with larger countries of the Commonwealth that will enhance intra-regional capacity to generate economic surpluses and retain more of the benefits derived from macroeconomic development.

The tourism industry can be a catalyst for fostering economic complementarities and convergences through the following strategies:

The promotion of labor mobility within the Commonwealth:

The Commonwealth is home to some of the world’s most appealing tourist destinations attracting high levels of foreign direct investment and poised for continued growth.

Tourism also happens to be one of the most labor-intensive segments of the global economy.

Both can be exploited to promote increased labor mobility across the Commonwealth, especially, since the pandemic has produced a crisis of labor shortage for many destinations and there is also generally a need for more high-skilled workers in the tourism sector, (hotels, attractions, cruises, etc.).

This will require new arrangements that will facilitate the seamless movement of skilled tourism workers across the Commonwealth region and sub-region.

Increasing goods and services trade:

The goal is to facilitate mutual trading arrangements that will enable more of the goods and services that are regularly used in the tourism industry to be manufactured and supplied by entities based in other Commonwealth countries. This will promote greater intra-regional participation in tourism and strengthen the benefits to local economies derived from tourism.

The development of aggressive marketing strategies to tap into larger Commonwealth markets:

Currently, tourist arrivals to Commonwealth Countries rely on traditional source markets such as North America, Western Europe, and now East Asia (especially China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan).

Nonetheless, as Commonwealth countries position themselves to be less volatile to shocks and grow their market shares, finding ways to tap into the lucrative and emerging tourism markets of other Commonwealth countries, especially those in Asia, should urgently form part of their focus.

India, in particular, has a population of 1.35 billion people and is the fastest-growing of the world’s major economies, and is currently the world’s fifth-largest economy.

The increase in disposable incomes and acquisition of substantial personal wealth in India provides a valuable opportunity for greater tourism linkages to be forged between smaller Commonwealth economies and India

Skill development, education, and training:

In the context of the growth of knowledge-based economies, the provision of knowledge has become a key driver of economic growth.

As the growth of the tourism industry continues to accelerate, there will be a growing demand for program and curriculum development to prepare the workforce for the jobs that will be generated across the tourism industry and that will help to raise the standards and prestige of tourism jobs.

This provides an opportunity for regional universities and other accredited centers and institutes based in Commonwealth Countries to offer formal training and certification targeting the citizens of other Commonwealth Countries who are interested in professional development as tourism workers.

Multi-destination arrangements:

The multi-destination strategy is one of three legacy outcomes from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in 2017.

A multi-destination arrangement is based on joint partnerships involving governments airlines, hotels, tour operators, and attractions that will enable visitors to seamlessly travel to two, three, or more geographically proximate nations and stays over in each destination.

Its promotion is consistent with the emerging view by tourism experts that the future fortunes of tourism in specific regions region may lie in economic convergence between complementary economies rather than stand-alone approaches.

This also constitutes a rational approach to economic integration that will allow the benefits of tourism to be spread across more economies in a region, thereby generating more economic opportunities for a greater number of people.

Indeed, successful multi-destination arrangements can increase tourist flows and promote mutual benefits for more destinations in the region.

The role of the Global Tourism Resilience and Crisis Management Centre (GTRCMC)

The Global Tourism Resilience Centre was established at the University of the West Indies Mona Campus in Kingston, Jamaica in 2018 as a global think tank that focuses exclusively on building resilience, disaster preparedness, and managing disruptions to the tourism industry, especially in the Global South.

The Centre has been called to operate in a global context that is characterized by not only new challenges but also new opportunities for tourism to improve the tourism product as well as to ensure the sustainability of tourism globally.

The GTRCMC stands ready to lead a future plan of action by the Commonwealth Secretary to deepen economic complementarities and convergences among Commonwealth countries to greater ensure that tourism development serves the long-term interest of Commonwealth regions and sub-regions.

Tourism in the Commonwealth

Tourism is central to many economies in the Commonwealth and growing industry in most. It contributes 2.7% to the total GDP of the Commonwealth, averaging 6.7% of GDP per country, and employs 34 million people overall. The smaller the economy, population, or country, it has been noted, the greater the significance of the sector to the economy. The highest contributions of the sector for instance are in the Maldives (28% of GDP), Seychelles (24%), Vanuatu (20%), and Antigua and Barbuda (17.4%) – all small island developing states.

In Commonwealth Europe heritage and culture are big draws for visitors; the countries are also wealthy and can extensively deliver top-end tourism. Cyprus has been successful also at drawing tourists from all types of markets from the UK to its beaches in the summer months.

Tourism is, directly and indirectly, central to the economies of the Caribbean; the smaller economies depend on it the most. Geography and climate are major attractions. The Caribbean is a major top-end tourism market and has a growing second home market.

In Commonwealth Asia, Malaysia and the Maldives have been relatively the most successful countries. Malaysia is the second most popular destination in the Commonwealth after the UK with 24 million people visiting the country in 2009, mostly from Asia.

With the exception of Fiji, Pacific island member states with their idyllic natural attractions have had limited success in tourism because of their remoteness and lack of infrastructure, although potential, as experts say, remains. Most of the arrivals are from Australia and New Zealand. Experts argue that regardless of remoteness Commonwealth Pacific islands can do much better given the success of mass tourism seen in Pacific island territories of the USA and France such as Hawaii and French Polynesia, respectively.

Australia and New Zealand attract all types of visitors from businesspeople to backpackers. Tourism Australia, the nationally funded tourism board, largely aims its marketing in Western Europe and North America at the experience seeker.

In Commonwealth Africa, wildlife, climate, and geography are major attractions. It is in wildlife that Commonwealth Africa has worldwide prominence with its extensive and popular game reserves such as the Serengeti (Tanzania), Kruger (South Africa), Masai Mara (Kenya), and Chobe (Botswana). Indeed, it is the national parks in the Commonwealth part of Africa that almost exclusively feature in most travel guides. Some countries such as Mauritius, South Africa, and Seychelles are top-end tourism destinations.

Canada is a major tourist destination. Cultural themes in its four major cities Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Ottawa are major draws for visitors. Canada is world-renowned for the quality and variety of its ski resorts which no other Commonwealth country can match.

Current Commonwealth Countries

AFRICA:

Asia

Caribbean and Americas

Europe

Pacific

About the author

Juergen T Steinmetz

Juergen Thomas Steinmetz has continuously worked in the travel and tourism industry since he was a teenager in Germany (1977).
He founded eTurboNews in 1999 as the first online newsletter for the global travel tourism industry.