LiveJournal, founded by Brad Fitzpatrick in 1999 as a personal journaling application, evolved into a social blogging platform that uniquely combined blogging with social networking features inspired by earlier communities like the WELL.

Unlike many early blogging sites, LiveJournal allowed users to maintain "friends lists" enabling selective sharing and interaction, create and join thematic "communities," and utilize flexible privacy controls to manage who could view posts.

At its peak around 2005, LiveJournal had over 2.5 million active accounts, predominantly in the English-speaking world.

Its features fostered close-knit online communities, especially among fandoms and niche interest groups.

The platform changed ownership twice: it was acquired by Six Apart in 2005 and later by the Russian media company SUP Media in 2007.

While English-speaking users gradually declined due to competition from Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr, LiveJournal grew in popularity in Russia and other countries, where it maintains a significant user base today.

LiveJournal’s decline in the Western market is primarily attributed to the rise of more versatile social networks offering richer multimedia capabilities and streamlined user experiences.

The platform’s transition to Russian ownership introduced challenges, including language shifts and political concerns, which further accelerated the decline among its original audience.

Despite diminished global presence, LiveJournal pioneered the integration of social networking mechanisms into blogging, influencing future social media designs.

It remains culturally significant for the communities it nurtured and continues to operate, especially in Russian-speaking regions.

This summary is supported by an overview of social networking evolution and an account of LiveJournal’s characteristics and international regulatory challenges found in the source documents

[53771f36-e205-47fa-9bad-b8de615490f6_945743342; 5e12695f-66fb-42df-b7fd-fc7e30ff8ad5_110015926].

LiveJournal, founded by Brad Fitzpatrick in 1999 as a personal journaling application, evolved into a social blogging platform that uniquely combined blogging with social networking features inspired by earlier communities like the WELL.

Title:

Content: Regulators Seem to Think That Facebook Is the Internet

That’s a problem.

In 1997, SixDegrees.com was the first real attempt at social networking, creating a space where users could upload their information and list their friends. The site peaked at approximately 3.5 million users before it shut down in 1999.

Since then, a series of social networking business models have emerged, each time offering more advanced tools for user interaction. LiveJournal, a site for keeping up with school friends, combined blogging and social networking features inspired by the WELL; Friendster was a social network that allowed for increased interaction and control by users; Myspace had open membership and gave users the freedom to customize their pages. In 2005, it—and its 25 million user base—was sold to News Corp. But within three years, Myspace had been surpassed by Facebook, which launched in 2004 for college students and opened to everyone in 2006.

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As that history shows, in the early days of the internet, disruption was profound and constant: New companies emerged in music, video, e-commerce, publishing, and telephony on an almost yearly basis. The internet appeared to be a space where competition could thrive.

Not anymore.

Today, disruption happens in much smaller ways. The examples are getting fewer because economies of scale have concentrated innovation in the hands of a few players.

More often, disruption comes from regulation—for better or, often, for worse. Current regulation attempts focus on the actions and behavior of some actors—chiefly Facebook—while creating unintended consequences for the internet, particularly fragmentation, or the splintering of the global internet into one that more closely hews territorial borders.

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It’s understandable that both the public and regulators might think that regulating “the internet” means focusing on the biggest players. Much of it has to do with the fact that users are often exposed to various types of illegal behavior and content through some of the most popular services that exist on the internet. Fix misinformation, or extremism, or ideological silos, or security on Facebook, the thinking goes, and you’ve fixed it on the internet as a whole.

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But this is an unhelpful and misguided narrative. First, the internet is not a monolith, so treating it as if it is simply will not work. Second, many of the issues regulators are trying to address are not internet problems; they are societal. Terrorism, child abuse, and mis- and disinformation are not an offspring of the internet; they existed before the internet, and they will continue to exist after it as they are ingrained in human societies. Yet, they are treated as if they are exclusively internet problems. Third, and most importantly, regulators should stop thinking of the internet as Facebook and treating it as such. In the internet regulatory landscape, there is a mixed bag of different issues, and Facebook’s involvement in all of them, direct or indirect, adds to the current complexity. Content moderation, privacy, intermediary liability, competition, encryption—these are all broader issues related to the internet, not just Facebook. Yet, the pattern that has emerged is to treat them as Facebook issues. What this means is that, instead of focusing on trying to address them in ways appropriate for the entire internet ecosystem, they are addressed through the Facebook lens. This has been quite accurately characterized as the “Facebook Derangement Syndrome.”

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The global regulatory agenda is replete with such examples. In the United Kingdom, the Online Safety legislation wants to ban end-to-end encryption because of Facebook’s plan to introduce it as a default setting in its Messenger service. On the other side of the Commonwealth, Australia recently introduced a media bargaining code mainly targeting Facebook. Facebook famously “left” the country before renegotiating a new agreement. Similarly, in what seems to be a coordinated effort, Canada has vowed to work with Australia in an attempt to impose regulatory restrictions on Facebook.

And this trend is not limited to the Commonwealth.

India’s new intermediary guidelines aim at tightening a regulatory grip on Facebook and its partner company WhatsApp while Brazil’s fake news bill, which got approved by the Senate, is focusing on content moderation on Facebook and traceability on WhatsApp. In France, there have been conversations about the introduction of “new rules” for Facebook, while Germany’s Network Enforcement Law—NetzDG—was drafted with the primary focus of taming Facebook. Finally, in the United States, the Trump administration issued an unsuccessful executive order that aimed to regulate Facebook for bias.

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This approach of limiting regulation to Facebook is not entirely unusual. It reflects the principal-agent conundrum that, over the years, has allowed companies like Facebook to  propose policies and deploy tools that can have an impact on the way regulation gets to be enforced. The principal-agent problem is predominantly characterized by conflict of interest and moral hazards. Due to information asymmetries, the agent holds the bargaining power, and this creates a few unknowns: The principal is in no position to know the information the agent holds. Even when she does, she cannot be certain that the agent is acting to her best interest. So, the principal ends up focusing squarely on the agent, disregarding any peripheral issues that might be significant.

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The principal-agent problem may help explain why governments appear ready to introduce regulation targeting Facebook; however, it does not help explain why, in the process of doing so, the main loser is the internet and its users.

Over the past couple of years, Facebook has said, “We support regulation,” and “we want updated internet regulations to set clear guidelines for addressing today’s toughest challenges.” This statement would be significant if it did not come across as self-serving. At this stage, regulation is inescapable and Facebook knows it—as does the rest of big tech. In an effort to adapt to this new reality, companies often take advantage of their dominant position to drive regulatory processes, often at the expense of regulation itself.

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In this context, the question we should be asking is not whether regulation is appropriate, but what are the real implications of regulating in such a manner? There is already an argument that focusing on a few, big players has an impact on the health of innovation and the ability of newcomers to compete. And, then, there is the internet. The internet’s global reach is one of its main strengths. It is a feature, not a bug. Among other things, it allows the maintenance of supply chains all over the world; it allows people to communicate; it lowers costs; and it makes information sharing easier, all the while helping to address societal issues like poverty or climate change.

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To this end, the attempt to regulate based on one—or a handful—of companies can jeopardize this very important goal of the internet. It can create fragmentation, in the sense of not allowing data to flow across borders or networks to interconnect, and this can be very real and have a very big impact. It can impose limits on the way information and data gets to be shared and the way networks may interoperate. These are significant trade-offs, and they must be part of any regulation’s process.

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So where do we go from here?

For sure, the answer cannot be to stop regulating. We must accept, however, that the current approach often generates unintended consequences that only superficially affect those who must be regulated.

In this light, a possible way forward is to experiment with regulation. Experimental regulation is a relatively underused approach, yet it is flexible enough to accommodate dynamic markets, like the internet. Originally associated with the work of John Dewey, this idea is premised on the fact that, in policymaking, the way we approach theories and strategies of justice depends on “the experience of their pursuit; it is these changes that then allow us to consider how best to achieve our objectives.” The advantage of this thinking is that it considers unintended consequences as an opportunity to better define appropriate regulatory frameworks and how to achieve the desired goals.

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Internet regulation does not experiment enough, and when it does, it appears to have the wrong focus. In Australia, for instance, the effort to ensure robust journalism in an age of disinformation in social media platforms led to a “link tax” that undermines the architecture, history, and economics of the internet. This is partly due to the role big tech companies play in the regulatory process. One of the immediate things one can observe with internet regulation is the process some actors deploy: In the beginning, they operate in favor of sustaining existing policies and bureaucracies. The thinking is that longevity brings legitimacy, and as a result, the policy becomes its own cause. Once this strategy is embedded in process, these powerful forces move toward pushing their own regulatory agenda.

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It is for this reason that there is a certain appeal toward flexible regulatory systems that allow different units to experiment with different approaches and make room for assessments that separate the relevant from the nonrelevant and preexisting rules. Although experimentation neither offers a drastic approach nor aims to replace traditional routes of regulation, it can limit the risks of politicization, as politics become more context focused.

One of the first things we need is an internet impact assessment that looks at the different parts of the internet’s infrastructure and the effect that regulation may have. It is no longer just about regulating a few actors. It is about protecting the global infrastructure that we all depend on daily.

The internet has a Facebook problem, but the internet is not Facebook.

This article represents the views of the author and not those of his employer, the Internet Society. Facebook is an organization member of the Internet Society.

Future Tense is a partnership of Slate, New America, and Arizona State University that examines emerging technologies, public policy, and society.

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Unlike many early blogging sites, LiveJournal allowed users to maintain "friends lists" enabling selective sharing and interaction, create and join thematic "communities," and utilize flexible privacy controls to manage who could view posts.

At its peak around 2005, LiveJournal had over 2.5 million active accounts, predominantly in the English-speaking world.

Its features fostered close-knit online communities, especially among fandoms and niche interest groups.

The platform changed ownership twice: it was acquired by Six Apart in 2005 and later by the Russian media company SUP Media in 2007.

While English-speaking users gradually declined due to competition from Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr, LiveJournal grew in popularity in Russia and other countries, where it maintains a significant user base today.

LiveJournal’s decline in the Western market is primarily attributed to the rise of more versatile social networks offering richer multimedia capabilities and streamlined user experiences.

The platform’s transition to Russian ownership introduced challenges, including language shifts and political concerns, which further accelerated the decline among its original audience.

Title:

Content: NEW YORK: Life magazine, which became famous in the 20th century especially for its images, will be re-launched thanks to model and entrepreneur Carly Kloss, the company Kloss leads announced.
In a statement, Bedford Media announced the return of Life magazine in both print and digital editions, as part of an agreement with publisher Duttash Meredith to reissue Life at a regular pace.
The value of the deal and the date of the magazine ’ s relaunch were not announced.
Kloss said: “We see Life magazine as a voice that inspires and unites us in a chaotic media landscape. ”
“Josh and I are honored to continue Live ’ s legacy, ” she said on Instagram, referring to her husband, investor Joshua Kushner, who will be the magazine ’ s owner.
Kushner is the brother of Donald Trump ’ s son-in-law, Jared Kushner.
Founded in 1883, the magazine was a prominent platform in photojournalism, publishing works by prominent names such as Robert Kappa, Alfred Eisenstedt, and Margaret Burke White.
Life has seen a decline for years and then many changes, issuing monthly from weekly, before being discontinued and then published again.
In the first decade of the 21st century, it was published in a digital version along with its archives.
Duttash Meredith will continue to have full rights to the archive of images and magazine content, which date back to the 1930s.
Deutsche Meredith will also continue to publish special copies stamped with the "Live" logo, which takes red and white as its two colors.

Despite diminished global presence, LiveJournal pioneered the integration of social networking mechanisms into blogging, influencing future social media designs.

It remains culturally significant for the communities it nurtured and continues to operate, especially in Russian-speaking regions.

Title:

Content: 17: 37, 17 December 2023
9 min.
E-school is one step closer to cyberpunk!
How the educational process works in 2023
We all often hear the statement that Russian online services are the best (well, at least one of them) in the modern world.
The use of online banking, public services, Mos.ru and other services has long become an integral part of our lives.
However, these well-known pillars of the Russian information environment is not limited.
Today we will talk about how things are in the field of Russian e-education.
If you remember what is upsetting, demotivators and do not play Roblox, then most likely electronic diaries and online tests as a school homework have passed you by.
With all this informatization, the life of modern schoolchildren has clearly become more complicated.
Now you can ’ t just pull out a sheet with grades or skip so that parents do not instantly know about it through an online alert.
It's a tough setup!
But, firstly, as always, no one asked schoolchildren, we actually have a government strategy in the field of digital transformation of education.
Secondly, the younger generation does not know how it is otherwise, with paper magazines and the use of computers in the curriculum only once a week in computer science classes (oh, this work with Excel!)
Conventionally, this whole topic with the informatization of education is divided into two categories:
• Simplification of organizational moments, less paperwork and automation.
• simplification of the learning process: tasks, tests, preparatory courses.
A little bit of the history of school digitalization in Russia
If it concerns something of state importance (and education is exactly that), then domestic developments are needed.
Or do you want to entrust the training of your children to NATO instructors?
Just do not confuse it all with the platforms of various courses, we are talking about the school, and not about continuous education and eternal learning of English.
Gradually, when at the end of the zero and tenth the Internet began to enter our lives more and more densely, the number of conversations about its implementation in all possible spheres also increased.
This is not the case with the educational segment.
Remember what the official websites of your schools looked like? (you can ’ t look at the website of my school without tears).
The administration of educational institutions was not just to join in all this high-tech movement (as a rule, people who are more than far from modern gadgets work in schools), but it was in those days that global projects began their development, and, we must admit, they developed well.
And changed the wallpaper on the desktop every lesson
Although the transfer to the online took many teachers by surprise, in the time of the pandemic, the platforms that will be discussed today, appeared long before that.
In 2020, the problems were with the lessons.
Many existing services are aimed at organization and support work.
Dnevnik.ru
The first thing that comes to mind is, of course, Diary.
Really old people on this topic.
Development began in 2007.
The founding fathers were Alexander Zubkov and Gavriil Levi.
Already in 2009, after all the tests, they began to actively introduce into schools, and then venture investments arrived (here is another example of a successful Russian startup).
We were able to become a kind of "ecosystem" of an electronic educational environment with functionality for both teachers and students.
In the beginning, not every school was connected to Dnevnika.ru, and parents were able to easily get around the finger (in those bearded days, not all of them were “confident PC users ” and preferred to control the educational process of their children the old-fashioned way).
Later, the situation changed and not in favor of students.
Generations have been updated, and adults have already begun to understand everything themselves without this “son, go turn on the computer and take me a photo on my website. ”
Not everyone has been the victim of soulless progress!
Since 2014, all schools were obliged to use the Diary, and then the service was connected with Public Services.
They call themselves: “a partner of the state in the market of informatization of the educational sector of Russia since 2009 ”.
During all this time, the project has managed to receive many awards and awards, including being recognized as the best in the field of educational technologies at the international competition Edtech x Europe in 2016.
To date, Dnevnik.ru from a risky domestic young IT project has become the hegemon of the electronic educational sector, not without support from above, khm...
The functionality of the site is as follows:
• assessments, schedule, homework
• secure communication
• e-learning
• enrollment in educational organizations
• statistics and reports
• other support services and applications.
Mom, the internet isn't working today!
Elskul
What will happen if the Ministry of Land and Property Relations of Bashkortostan and Uralsib Bank are combined?
If suddenly you have ever wondered this question, then here is the answer for you - you will get an electronic platform "Elskul".
They came together and created a joint project.
Everything is arranged as follows: the student receives a card (and free of charge and at the place of study) and with its help comes and goes from school, and can also pay in school canteens.
Oh, what about fifth graders saving their lunches for donations to the Brawl Stars?
The question remains open, because except for the school, these cards are not accepted anywhere else.
When I haven ’ t eaten cake in a month
Parents and children have their own private offices.
An adult can check at what time the child left and went to school, replenish the balance of the card for nutrition, check the grades in the diary and read the news.
Children can also follow their grades, watch the schedule, and communicate with classmates and teachers (yeah, in the era of messengers, a very necessary function!)
If you are not afraid that the big brother parent is watching you, then the concept of the portal is interesting, and most importantly, the service is regional (and we love to collect successful and useful projects not from the capital).
Of course, there are no joints anywhere.
Schoolchildren complain that the site is constantly hanging and slowing down, and from my own experience I can say that this was and remains a problem.
Ideas, as always, on a level, as opposed to lame execution.
Scarier than the lags of school sites only their design
Uchi.ru
Online educational platform.
It is not so much about reporting and evaluation, but about gaining knowledge.
This site is generally my favorite, simply because against the background of everything else, it looks more decent and modern than the rest (with design in the country, we are also tense).
The creators are graduates from MIPT - Ivan Kolomoets and Evgeny Milyutin.
Founded in 2012, and almost immediately became residents of Skolkovo.
In 2014, we launched the project itself and went further: an increase in the number of students and teachers who actively use the platform, prizes and awards, cooperation with institutions.
On the platform there are training courses in all subjects from grades 1 to 11 in accordance with all federal standards.
Also present and preparation for exams: OGE, USE, VPR and extracurricular classes on the type of online circles.
Everything is designed so that it is intuitive and the child can study independently.
Access for teachers and their students in school is free of charge.
If you are a parent who wants to pay extra for your child ’ s courses, then the price tag is already at the rate.
Fun fact: Uchi.ru during the quarantine not only helped with the organization of distance learning, but also developed courses to improve digital literacy for teachers.
From a business point of view, things have gone well.
In fact, Uchi.ru is now not just some platform with lessons and tests, but a huge educational network, which includes the school of online tutors "Uchi.Dom", the educational portal "Uchi.Otami", a network of offline circles and the portal YaKlass.
It also entered the South Asian market.
Moscow Privileges
Residents of the capital and here could not be different.
It is you, provincial teachers and schoolchildren, who use all-Russian or their regional platforms, and Moscow should be beautiful not only with parks and new tiles, but also in the digital segment.
In short, a portal was created for Moscow schools – MES (Moscow Electronic School).
The stated main goals and objectives of the project are as clear as possible - children to help learn, teachers to help teach, and parents to help control.
It's nothing new, high-tech educational environment and so on.
But the performance is already different in quality and variety.
In 2016, the City Department of Science and Education and the Department of Information Technology developed the MES and tested it in 6 schools.
You can guess that the tests were successful, since since September 2017 all the schools of the city have already been connected, and in November the grants arrived.
The following year, they simplified the registration, made it through mos.ru and rolled out the application (but so far only for children and parents).
Since 2020, the functionality has been expanding exponentially, so you can auto-check tests, integrate with the healthcare platform (to check all releases, even here now poor schoolchildren are pinned down, no more “highly artistic ” references), a portfolio of students, and finally an application for teachers.
Now MASH includes:
• Electronic diary
• Electronic Journal
• MES Library
• Moskvonok (this is just about food and visiting)
• Portfolio
Teachers can engage not only in organizational activities, such as filling out a journal and keeping records, but also arrange remote lessons, upload their educational content, communicate with parents.
The bonus is the "Digital Tutor" for schoolchildren from low-income families from 6th to 8th grade.
MES goes beyond the scope of the online project, and all sorts of high-tech things were added there: a single Wi-Fi network – STUDY.MOS, the program “Every teacher has a laptop ”, as well as monoblocks and interactive panels in classrooms.
The same school you dreamed of sitting in the classroom on chairs with splinters.
What is the main thing?
Yes, just all in one place and super automated and modern.
We can say that such services are an ideal example of school digitalization.
Such a city-wide system without global divisions, you get everything at once at a decent level of technology, which corresponds to 2023.
There you can even set up push notifications in the event of a student ’ s absenteeism!
Nowhere without neural networks
Remember, in the beginning we talked about the government ’ s strategy in the field of digital transformation of education?
If anything, it still works.
Only in 2023, the tasks are no longer as in 2007, platforms and so not a few, we move on in the spirit of new trends.
What are we hearing?
Artificial intelligence!
So, it is necessary to think how to tame it, not only schoolchildren will pass essays with its help.
There are plans to introduce AI to test homework and design educational programs.
Although, probably, teachers would prefer to be unloaded from filling out the documentation in the first place.
So far, everything is being discussed, but the plans are to standardize and provide for all schools.
And you're all afraid!
We remind you that Yandex has entered literally every sphere.
They have their own educational resources such as “Yandex textbooks ” and“ Yandex USE ”.
They also boasted about creating their own AI.
The combination of these two was inevitable.
Create something like a tutor who will help you prepare for the exam.
Not to decide the tests for you, but to build a program, mark weaknesses and train.
Outline
Given all modern trends, it would be unfair to say that with the advent of domestic electronic educational services, the life of schoolchildren has deteriorated so much and has become completely controlled.
Do not forget that the students themselves have changed, in many ways it is more convenient for them to monitor their activities through websites and applications.
Their world has almost all gone online, so what's worse about school?
They can look at their grades themselves, and not approach the class leader with a request to write everything out on a piece of paper and calculate the average score at the end of the quarter.
Do not learn homework from classmates if you forgot to write down (although sometimes this was a great reason to start a dialogue).
After the illness, you do not need to run after teachers with requests to give an additional task or rewrite the test, everything will already be posted on the site.
Teachers do not lag behind and also change.
At the very beginning of the appearance of diaries, not everyone accepted it with delight, someone from scratch at a respectable age had to master all these Satan machines and other computer colliders, and someone just constantly pestered school informatics when filling out an electronic journal.
Now all these services have become an indispensable part of the educational process.
Let ’ s be fair, informatization of the educational environment is one of the strengths of Russian technologies.
First, the very case when they began to move long before sanctions, pandemics and other “delights of life ”.
Time for pumping and introduction has passed a lot, many things managed to become the norm, so neither teachers nor parents enter into stupor.
Secondly, global projects are supported by the government, including financially, although with regional and private cases everything is somewhat more complicated.
All the best for children, as they say, only fix bugs somewhere and all schools sites decently cut down at last!
Partners news
Partners news

After Russian users could no longer use foreign social networks, where did they post their blogs?

This summary is supported by an overview of social networking evolution and an account of LiveJournal’s characteristics and international regulatory challenges found in the source documents

[53771f36-e205-47fa-9bad-b8de615490f6_945743342; 5e12695f-66fb-42df-b7fd-fc7e30ff8ad5_110015926].

Title:

Content: Automatic spray system HD video
Issuing time: 2021-08-29 15: 20: 04
A fire broke out in a building in Dalian, and there are incendiary objects falling in the building.
Nam non auctor tortor.
Maecenas vel leo at purus rhoncus aliquet a et tortor.
Ut quis ipsum eu sem sollicitudin ultracies at in libero.
Validate Beibei & Hengyang.
Someone asked him the same question, why do you climb so many mountains, and he answered very simply because the mountains are there.
A high level of product quality will make consumers happy to choose such goods
And...
Therefore, for shopping women shopping sites or other industries women's favorite sites this color is indispensable to grasp the female psychology.
The new three boards look at the boom after the appropriate callback
The extrusion foam is more in line with the development law of the industry.
I may have been a teacher, but there are a lot of teachers.
But you can talk, you can talk.
It's not much.
And...
I'm tired of playing soon.
All sleeping at home.
Watching TV

And...
On the eve of the Hong Kong listing.
In order to raise funds, the club was also sold to others.
Ji Zhongzhan (Intellectuals): From the point of view of paying for content, I don't like it very much.
The ceiling is extremely low, there are too few users, and too many people want to charge.
And the Orchid Club, which Chang Lan's mother and son had high hopes for,
However, the operating situation is not ideal.
The MiG-29 is grounded in a small flight path, and the pilot is ejected.
Company Name
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Tincidunt ut porttitor sit, 10770
Facilisis vestibulum
Phone: 010-010-0110
Email: [email protected]
The Historical Mission and Values of the Communist Party of China
Congratulations! Guo Lingling won the women's 41kg class title
Heavy rains in western Hunan caused many cars to be washed away, and more than 2,000 local people moved overnight.
On the other hand, some apps that have not been downloaded through the official software of Apple or Android
Without the necessary security, passengers can easily leave opportunities for lawless elements in the process of operation
And...
First, the high traffic required for new media and the large number of orders of magnitude of audience demand an extremely robust and functional system.
Only a fully functional big data support and analysis platform.
In order to ensure normal business operations and reduce the probability of system risks.
This type of shoes, Bisheng's warehouse returned 20,000 pairs, that is, 20 million losses.
Bi Sheng is a man who works extremely hard, and is said to have suffered from a heart attack, and his desk and business travel bag are always packed with quick relief pills, and he is also a man of great execution, and every time he finds a problem, he will try to correct it as soon as possible.
He hasn ’ t been there since he started the business.
It seems that there is always a strange circle: the beginning is always full of expectations.
, problems arose soon after...
Shi Yuzhu once said: "A company pays the biggest cost, the biggest waste is not his actual operation, in fact, the cost of decision-making mistakes is the highest."


LiveJournal, founded by Brad Fitzpatrick in 1999 as a personal journaling application, evolved into a social blogging platform that uniquely combined blogging with social networking features inspired by earlier communities like the WELL.

Unlike many early blogging sites, LiveJournal allowed users to maintain "friends lists" enabling selective sharing and interaction, create and join thematic "communities," and utilize flexible privacy controls to manage who could view posts.

At its peak around 2005, LiveJournal had over 2.5 million active accounts, predominantly in the English-speaking world.

Its features fostered close-knit online communities, especially among fandoms and niche interest groups.

The platform changed ownership twice: it was acquired by Six Apart in 2005 and later by the Russian media company SUP Media in 2007.

While English-speaking users gradually declined due to competition from Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr, LiveJournal grew in popularity in Russia and other countries, where it maintains a significant user base today.

LiveJournal’s decline in the Western market is primarily attributed to the rise of more versatile social networks offering richer multimedia capabilities and streamlined user experiences.

The platform’s transition to Russian ownership introduced challenges, including language shifts and political concerns, which further accelerated the decline among its original audience.

Despite diminished global presence, LiveJournal pioneered the integration of social networking mechanisms into blogging, influencing future social media designs.

It remains culturally significant for the communities it nurtured and continues to operate, especially in Russian-speaking regions.

This summary is supported by an overview of social networking evolution and an account of LiveJournal’s characteristics and international regulatory challenges found in the source documents

[53771f36-e205-47fa-9bad-b8de615490f6_945743342; 5e12695f-66fb-42df-b7fd-fc7e30ff8ad5_110015926].

LiveJournal, founded by Brad Fitzpatrick in 1999 as a personal journaling application, evolved into a social blogging platform that uniquely combined blogging with social networking features inspired by earlier communities like the WELL.

Title:

Content: Regulators Seem to Think That Facebook Is the Internet

That’s a problem.

In 1997, SixDegrees.com was the first real attempt at social networking, creating a space where users could upload their information and list their friends. The site peaked at approximately 3.5 million users before it shut down in 1999.

Since then, a series of social networking business models have emerged, each time offering more advanced tools for user interaction. LiveJournal, a site for keeping up with school friends, combined blogging and social networking features inspired by the WELL; Friendster was a social network that allowed for increased interaction and control by users; Myspace had open membership and gave users the freedom to customize their pages. In 2005, it—and its 25 million user base—was sold to News Corp. But within three years, Myspace had been surpassed by Facebook, which launched in 2004 for college students and opened to everyone in 2006.

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As that history shows, in the early days of the internet, disruption was profound and constant: New companies emerged in music, video, e-commerce, publishing, and telephony on an almost yearly basis. The internet appeared to be a space where competition could thrive.

Not anymore.

Today, disruption happens in much smaller ways. The examples are getting fewer because economies of scale have concentrated innovation in the hands of a few players.

More often, disruption comes from regulation—for better or, often, for worse. Current regulation attempts focus on the actions and behavior of some actors—chiefly Facebook—while creating unintended consequences for the internet, particularly fragmentation, or the splintering of the global internet into one that more closely hews territorial borders.

Advertisement

It’s understandable that both the public and regulators might think that regulating “the internet” means focusing on the biggest players. Much of it has to do with the fact that users are often exposed to various types of illegal behavior and content through some of the most popular services that exist on the internet. Fix misinformation, or extremism, or ideological silos, or security on Facebook, the thinking goes, and you’ve fixed it on the internet as a whole.

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But this is an unhelpful and misguided narrative. First, the internet is not a monolith, so treating it as if it is simply will not work. Second, many of the issues regulators are trying to address are not internet problems; they are societal. Terrorism, child abuse, and mis- and disinformation are not an offspring of the internet; they existed before the internet, and they will continue to exist after it as they are ingrained in human societies. Yet, they are treated as if they are exclusively internet problems. Third, and most importantly, regulators should stop thinking of the internet as Facebook and treating it as such. In the internet regulatory landscape, there is a mixed bag of different issues, and Facebook’s involvement in all of them, direct or indirect, adds to the current complexity. Content moderation, privacy, intermediary liability, competition, encryption—these are all broader issues related to the internet, not just Facebook. Yet, the pattern that has emerged is to treat them as Facebook issues. What this means is that, instead of focusing on trying to address them in ways appropriate for the entire internet ecosystem, they are addressed through the Facebook lens. This has been quite accurately characterized as the “Facebook Derangement Syndrome.”

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The global regulatory agenda is replete with such examples. In the United Kingdom, the Online Safety legislation wants to ban end-to-end encryption because of Facebook’s plan to introduce it as a default setting in its Messenger service. On the other side of the Commonwealth, Australia recently introduced a media bargaining code mainly targeting Facebook. Facebook famously “left” the country before renegotiating a new agreement. Similarly, in what seems to be a coordinated effort, Canada has vowed to work with Australia in an attempt to impose regulatory restrictions on Facebook.

And this trend is not limited to the Commonwealth.

India’s new intermediary guidelines aim at tightening a regulatory grip on Facebook and its partner company WhatsApp while Brazil’s fake news bill, which got approved by the Senate, is focusing on content moderation on Facebook and traceability on WhatsApp. In France, there have been conversations about the introduction of “new rules” for Facebook, while Germany’s Network Enforcement Law—NetzDG—was drafted with the primary focus of taming Facebook. Finally, in the United States, the Trump administration issued an unsuccessful executive order that aimed to regulate Facebook for bias.

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This approach of limiting regulation to Facebook is not entirely unusual. It reflects the principal-agent conundrum that, over the years, has allowed companies like Facebook to  propose policies and deploy tools that can have an impact on the way regulation gets to be enforced. The principal-agent problem is predominantly characterized by conflict of interest and moral hazards. Due to information asymmetries, the agent holds the bargaining power, and this creates a few unknowns: The principal is in no position to know the information the agent holds. Even when she does, she cannot be certain that the agent is acting to her best interest. So, the principal ends up focusing squarely on the agent, disregarding any peripheral issues that might be significant.

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The principal-agent problem may help explain why governments appear ready to introduce regulation targeting Facebook; however, it does not help explain why, in the process of doing so, the main loser is the internet and its users.

Over the past couple of years, Facebook has said, “We support regulation,” and “we want updated internet regulations to set clear guidelines for addressing today’s toughest challenges.” This statement would be significant if it did not come across as self-serving. At this stage, regulation is inescapable and Facebook knows it—as does the rest of big tech. In an effort to adapt to this new reality, companies often take advantage of their dominant position to drive regulatory processes, often at the expense of regulation itself.

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In this context, the question we should be asking is not whether regulation is appropriate, but what are the real implications of regulating in such a manner? There is already an argument that focusing on a few, big players has an impact on the health of innovation and the ability of newcomers to compete. And, then, there is the internet. The internet’s global reach is one of its main strengths. It is a feature, not a bug. Among other things, it allows the maintenance of supply chains all over the world; it allows people to communicate; it lowers costs; and it makes information sharing easier, all the while helping to address societal issues like poverty or climate change.

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To this end, the attempt to regulate based on one—or a handful—of companies can jeopardize this very important goal of the internet. It can create fragmentation, in the sense of not allowing data to flow across borders or networks to interconnect, and this can be very real and have a very big impact. It can impose limits on the way information and data gets to be shared and the way networks may interoperate. These are significant trade-offs, and they must be part of any regulation’s process.

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So where do we go from here?

For sure, the answer cannot be to stop regulating. We must accept, however, that the current approach often generates unintended consequences that only superficially affect those who must be regulated.

In this light, a possible way forward is to experiment with regulation. Experimental regulation is a relatively underused approach, yet it is flexible enough to accommodate dynamic markets, like the internet. Originally associated with the work of John Dewey, this idea is premised on the fact that, in policymaking, the way we approach theories and strategies of justice depends on “the experience of their pursuit; it is these changes that then allow us to consider how best to achieve our objectives.” The advantage of this thinking is that it considers unintended consequences as an opportunity to better define appropriate regulatory frameworks and how to achieve the desired goals.

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Internet regulation does not experiment enough, and when it does, it appears to have the wrong focus. In Australia, for instance, the effort to ensure robust journalism in an age of disinformation in social media platforms led to a “link tax” that undermines the architecture, history, and economics of the internet. This is partly due to the role big tech companies play in the regulatory process. One of the immediate things one can observe with internet regulation is the process some actors deploy: In the beginning, they operate in favor of sustaining existing policies and bureaucracies. The thinking is that longevity brings legitimacy, and as a result, the policy becomes its own cause. Once this strategy is embedded in process, these powerful forces move toward pushing their own regulatory agenda.

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It is for this reason that there is a certain appeal toward flexible regulatory systems that allow different units to experiment with different approaches and make room for assessments that separate the relevant from the nonrelevant and preexisting rules. Although experimentation neither offers a drastic approach nor aims to replace traditional routes of regulation, it can limit the risks of politicization, as politics become more context focused.

One of the first things we need is an internet impact assessment that looks at the different parts of the internet’s infrastructure and the effect that regulation may have. It is no longer just about regulating a few actors. It is about protecting the global infrastructure that we all depend on daily.

The internet has a Facebook problem, but the internet is not Facebook.

This article represents the views of the author and not those of his employer, the Internet Society. Facebook is an organization member of the Internet Society.

Future Tense is a partnership of Slate, New America, and Arizona State University that examines emerging technologies, public policy, and society.

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Unlike many early blogging sites, LiveJournal allowed users to maintain "friends lists" enabling selective sharing and interaction, create and join thematic "communities," and utilize flexible privacy controls to manage who could view posts.

At its peak around 2005, LiveJournal had over 2.5 million active accounts, predominantly in the English-speaking world.

Its features fostered close-knit online communities, especially among fandoms and niche interest groups.

The platform changed ownership twice: it was acquired by Six Apart in 2005 and later by the Russian media company SUP Media in 2007.

While English-speaking users gradually declined due to competition from Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr, LiveJournal grew in popularity in Russia and other countries, where it maintains a significant user base today.

LiveJournal’s decline in the Western market is primarily attributed to the rise of more versatile social networks offering richer multimedia capabilities and streamlined user experiences.

The platform’s transition to Russian ownership introduced challenges, including language shifts and political concerns, which further accelerated the decline among its original audience.

Title:

Content: NEW YORK: Life magazine, which became famous in the 20th century especially for its images, will be re-launched thanks to model and entrepreneur Carly Kloss, the company Kloss leads announced.
In a statement, Bedford Media announced the return of Life magazine in both print and digital editions, as part of an agreement with publisher Duttash Meredith to reissue Life at a regular pace.
The value of the deal and the date of the magazine ’ s relaunch were not announced.
Kloss said: “We see Life magazine as a voice that inspires and unites us in a chaotic media landscape. ”
“Josh and I are honored to continue Live ’ s legacy, ” she said on Instagram, referring to her husband, investor Joshua Kushner, who will be the magazine ’ s owner.
Kushner is the brother of Donald Trump ’ s son-in-law, Jared Kushner.
Founded in 1883, the magazine was a prominent platform in photojournalism, publishing works by prominent names such as Robert Kappa, Alfred Eisenstedt, and Margaret Burke White.
Life has seen a decline for years and then many changes, issuing monthly from weekly, before being discontinued and then published again.
In the first decade of the 21st century, it was published in a digital version along with its archives.
Duttash Meredith will continue to have full rights to the archive of images and magazine content, which date back to the 1930s.
Deutsche Meredith will also continue to publish special copies stamped with the "Live" logo, which takes red and white as its two colors.

Despite diminished global presence, LiveJournal pioneered the integration of social networking mechanisms into blogging, influencing future social media designs.

It remains culturally significant for the communities it nurtured and continues to operate, especially in Russian-speaking regions.

Title:

Content: 17: 37, 17 December 2023
9 min.
E-school is one step closer to cyberpunk!
How the educational process works in 2023
We all often hear the statement that Russian online services are the best (well, at least one of them) in the modern world.
The use of online banking, public services, Mos.ru and other services has long become an integral part of our lives.
However, these well-known pillars of the Russian information environment is not limited.
Today we will talk about how things are in the field of Russian e-education.
If you remember what is upsetting, demotivators and do not play Roblox, then most likely electronic diaries and online tests as a school homework have passed you by.
With all this informatization, the life of modern schoolchildren has clearly become more complicated.
Now you can ’ t just pull out a sheet with grades or skip so that parents do not instantly know about it through an online alert.
It's a tough setup!
But, firstly, as always, no one asked schoolchildren, we actually have a government strategy in the field of digital transformation of education.
Secondly, the younger generation does not know how it is otherwise, with paper magazines and the use of computers in the curriculum only once a week in computer science classes (oh, this work with Excel!)
Conventionally, this whole topic with the informatization of education is divided into two categories:
• Simplification of organizational moments, less paperwork and automation.
• simplification of the learning process: tasks, tests, preparatory courses.
A little bit of the history of school digitalization in Russia
If it concerns something of state importance (and education is exactly that), then domestic developments are needed.
Or do you want to entrust the training of your children to NATO instructors?
Just do not confuse it all with the platforms of various courses, we are talking about the school, and not about continuous education and eternal learning of English.
Gradually, when at the end of the zero and tenth the Internet began to enter our lives more and more densely, the number of conversations about its implementation in all possible spheres also increased.
This is not the case with the educational segment.
Remember what the official websites of your schools looked like? (you can ’ t look at the website of my school without tears).
The administration of educational institutions was not just to join in all this high-tech movement (as a rule, people who are more than far from modern gadgets work in schools), but it was in those days that global projects began their development, and, we must admit, they developed well.
And changed the wallpaper on the desktop every lesson
Although the transfer to the online took many teachers by surprise, in the time of the pandemic, the platforms that will be discussed today, appeared long before that.
In 2020, the problems were with the lessons.
Many existing services are aimed at organization and support work.
Dnevnik.ru
The first thing that comes to mind is, of course, Diary.
Really old people on this topic.
Development began in 2007.
The founding fathers were Alexander Zubkov and Gavriil Levi.
Already in 2009, after all the tests, they began to actively introduce into schools, and then venture investments arrived (here is another example of a successful Russian startup).
We were able to become a kind of "ecosystem" of an electronic educational environment with functionality for both teachers and students.
In the beginning, not every school was connected to Dnevnika.ru, and parents were able to easily get around the finger (in those bearded days, not all of them were “confident PC users ” and preferred to control the educational process of their children the old-fashioned way).
Later, the situation changed and not in favor of students.
Generations have been updated, and adults have already begun to understand everything themselves without this “son, go turn on the computer and take me a photo on my website. ”
Not everyone has been the victim of soulless progress!
Since 2014, all schools were obliged to use the Diary, and then the service was connected with Public Services.
They call themselves: “a partner of the state in the market of informatization of the educational sector of Russia since 2009 ”.
During all this time, the project has managed to receive many awards and awards, including being recognized as the best in the field of educational technologies at the international competition Edtech x Europe in 2016.
To date, Dnevnik.ru from a risky domestic young IT project has become the hegemon of the electronic educational sector, not without support from above, khm...
The functionality of the site is as follows:
• assessments, schedule, homework
• secure communication
• e-learning
• enrollment in educational organizations
• statistics and reports
• other support services and applications.
Mom, the internet isn't working today!
Elskul
What will happen if the Ministry of Land and Property Relations of Bashkortostan and Uralsib Bank are combined?
If suddenly you have ever wondered this question, then here is the answer for you - you will get an electronic platform "Elskul".
They came together and created a joint project.
Everything is arranged as follows: the student receives a card (and free of charge and at the place of study) and with its help comes and goes from school, and can also pay in school canteens.
Oh, what about fifth graders saving their lunches for donations to the Brawl Stars?
The question remains open, because except for the school, these cards are not accepted anywhere else.
When I haven ’ t eaten cake in a month
Parents and children have their own private offices.
An adult can check at what time the child left and went to school, replenish the balance of the card for nutrition, check the grades in the diary and read the news.
Children can also follow their grades, watch the schedule, and communicate with classmates and teachers (yeah, in the era of messengers, a very necessary function!)
If you are not afraid that the big brother parent is watching you, then the concept of the portal is interesting, and most importantly, the service is regional (and we love to collect successful and useful projects not from the capital).
Of course, there are no joints anywhere.
Schoolchildren complain that the site is constantly hanging and slowing down, and from my own experience I can say that this was and remains a problem.
Ideas, as always, on a level, as opposed to lame execution.
Scarier than the lags of school sites only their design
Uchi.ru
Online educational platform.
It is not so much about reporting and evaluation, but about gaining knowledge.
This site is generally my favorite, simply because against the background of everything else, it looks more decent and modern than the rest (with design in the country, we are also tense).
The creators are graduates from MIPT - Ivan Kolomoets and Evgeny Milyutin.
Founded in 2012, and almost immediately became residents of Skolkovo.
In 2014, we launched the project itself and went further: an increase in the number of students and teachers who actively use the platform, prizes and awards, cooperation with institutions.
On the platform there are training courses in all subjects from grades 1 to 11 in accordance with all federal standards.
Also present and preparation for exams: OGE, USE, VPR and extracurricular classes on the type of online circles.
Everything is designed so that it is intuitive and the child can study independently.
Access for teachers and their students in school is free of charge.
If you are a parent who wants to pay extra for your child ’ s courses, then the price tag is already at the rate.
Fun fact: Uchi.ru during the quarantine not only helped with the organization of distance learning, but also developed courses to improve digital literacy for teachers.
From a business point of view, things have gone well.
In fact, Uchi.ru is now not just some platform with lessons and tests, but a huge educational network, which includes the school of online tutors "Uchi.Dom", the educational portal "Uchi.Otami", a network of offline circles and the portal YaKlass.
It also entered the South Asian market.
Moscow Privileges
Residents of the capital and here could not be different.
It is you, provincial teachers and schoolchildren, who use all-Russian or their regional platforms, and Moscow should be beautiful not only with parks and new tiles, but also in the digital segment.
In short, a portal was created for Moscow schools – MES (Moscow Electronic School).
The stated main goals and objectives of the project are as clear as possible - children to help learn, teachers to help teach, and parents to help control.
It's nothing new, high-tech educational environment and so on.
But the performance is already different in quality and variety.
In 2016, the City Department of Science and Education and the Department of Information Technology developed the MES and tested it in 6 schools.
You can guess that the tests were successful, since since September 2017 all the schools of the city have already been connected, and in November the grants arrived.
The following year, they simplified the registration, made it through mos.ru and rolled out the application (but so far only for children and parents).
Since 2020, the functionality has been expanding exponentially, so you can auto-check tests, integrate with the healthcare platform (to check all releases, even here now poor schoolchildren are pinned down, no more “highly artistic ” references), a portfolio of students, and finally an application for teachers.
Now MASH includes:
• Electronic diary
• Electronic Journal
• MES Library
• Moskvonok (this is just about food and visiting)
• Portfolio
Teachers can engage not only in organizational activities, such as filling out a journal and keeping records, but also arrange remote lessons, upload their educational content, communicate with parents.
The bonus is the "Digital Tutor" for schoolchildren from low-income families from 6th to 8th grade.
MES goes beyond the scope of the online project, and all sorts of high-tech things were added there: a single Wi-Fi network – STUDY.MOS, the program “Every teacher has a laptop ”, as well as monoblocks and interactive panels in classrooms.
The same school you dreamed of sitting in the classroom on chairs with splinters.
What is the main thing?
Yes, just all in one place and super automated and modern.
We can say that such services are an ideal example of school digitalization.
Such a city-wide system without global divisions, you get everything at once at a decent level of technology, which corresponds to 2023.
There you can even set up push notifications in the event of a student ’ s absenteeism!
Nowhere without neural networks
Remember, in the beginning we talked about the government ’ s strategy in the field of digital transformation of education?
If anything, it still works.
Only in 2023, the tasks are no longer as in 2007, platforms and so not a few, we move on in the spirit of new trends.
What are we hearing?
Artificial intelligence!
So, it is necessary to think how to tame it, not only schoolchildren will pass essays with its help.
There are plans to introduce AI to test homework and design educational programs.
Although, probably, teachers would prefer to be unloaded from filling out the documentation in the first place.
So far, everything is being discussed, but the plans are to standardize and provide for all schools.
And you're all afraid!
We remind you that Yandex has entered literally every sphere.
They have their own educational resources such as “Yandex textbooks ” and“ Yandex USE ”.
They also boasted about creating their own AI.
The combination of these two was inevitable.
Create something like a tutor who will help you prepare for the exam.
Not to decide the tests for you, but to build a program, mark weaknesses and train.
Outline
Given all modern trends, it would be unfair to say that with the advent of domestic electronic educational services, the life of schoolchildren has deteriorated so much and has become completely controlled.
Do not forget that the students themselves have changed, in many ways it is more convenient for them to monitor their activities through websites and applications.
Their world has almost all gone online, so what's worse about school?
They can look at their grades themselves, and not approach the class leader with a request to write everything out on a piece of paper and calculate the average score at the end of the quarter.
Do not learn homework from classmates if you forgot to write down (although sometimes this was a great reason to start a dialogue).
After the illness, you do not need to run after teachers with requests to give an additional task or rewrite the test, everything will already be posted on the site.
Teachers do not lag behind and also change.
At the very beginning of the appearance of diaries, not everyone accepted it with delight, someone from scratch at a respectable age had to master all these Satan machines and other computer colliders, and someone just constantly pestered school informatics when filling out an electronic journal.
Now all these services have become an indispensable part of the educational process.
Let ’ s be fair, informatization of the educational environment is one of the strengths of Russian technologies.
First, the very case when they began to move long before sanctions, pandemics and other “delights of life ”.
Time for pumping and introduction has passed a lot, many things managed to become the norm, so neither teachers nor parents enter into stupor.
Secondly, global projects are supported by the government, including financially, although with regional and private cases everything is somewhat more complicated.
All the best for children, as they say, only fix bugs somewhere and all schools sites decently cut down at last!
Partners news
Partners news

After Russian users could no longer use foreign social networks, where did they post their blogs?

This summary is supported by an overview of social networking evolution and an account of LiveJournal’s characteristics and international regulatory challenges found in the source documents

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Title:

Content: Automatic spray system HD video
Issuing time: 2021-08-29 15: 20: 04
A fire broke out in a building in Dalian, and there are incendiary objects falling in the building.
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Ut quis ipsum eu sem sollicitudin ultracies at in libero.
Validate Beibei & Hengyang.
Someone asked him the same question, why do you climb so many mountains, and he answered very simply because the mountains are there.
A high level of product quality will make consumers happy to choose such goods
And...
Therefore, for shopping women shopping sites or other industries women's favorite sites this color is indispensable to grasp the female psychology.
The new three boards look at the boom after the appropriate callback
The extrusion foam is more in line with the development law of the industry.
I may have been a teacher, but there are a lot of teachers.
But you can talk, you can talk.
It's not much.
And...
I'm tired of playing soon.
All sleeping at home.
Watching TV

And...
On the eve of the Hong Kong listing.
In order to raise funds, the club was also sold to others.
Ji Zhongzhan (Intellectuals): From the point of view of paying for content, I don't like it very much.
The ceiling is extremely low, there are too few users, and too many people want to charge.
And the Orchid Club, which Chang Lan's mother and son had high hopes for,
However, the operating situation is not ideal.
The MiG-29 is grounded in a small flight path, and the pilot is ejected.
Company Name
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Phone: 010-010-0110
Email: [email protected]
The Historical Mission and Values of the Communist Party of China
Congratulations! Guo Lingling won the women's 41kg class title
Heavy rains in western Hunan caused many cars to be washed away, and more than 2,000 local people moved overnight.
On the other hand, some apps that have not been downloaded through the official software of Apple or Android
Without the necessary security, passengers can easily leave opportunities for lawless elements in the process of operation
And...
First, the high traffic required for new media and the large number of orders of magnitude of audience demand an extremely robust and functional system.
Only a fully functional big data support and analysis platform.
In order to ensure normal business operations and reduce the probability of system risks.
This type of shoes, Bisheng's warehouse returned 20,000 pairs, that is, 20 million losses.
Bi Sheng is a man who works extremely hard, and is said to have suffered from a heart attack, and his desk and business travel bag are always packed with quick relief pills, and he is also a man of great execution, and every time he finds a problem, he will try to correct it as soon as possible.
He hasn ’ t been there since he started the business.
It seems that there is always a strange circle: the beginning is always full of expectations.
, problems arose soon after...
Shi Yuzhu once said: "A company pays the biggest cost, the biggest waste is not his actual operation, in fact, the cost of decision-making mistakes is the highest."


Global medication shortages from 2021 to 2024 have intensified and present a widespread challenge affecting both developing and developed nations.

In the United States, the shortage crisis reached unprecedented levels with 323 drugs reported as in short supply in early 2024, surpassing previous records since tracking began in 2001.

This shortage includes critical categories such as sterile injectable generic drugs, cancer chemotherapy agents, emergency drugs, central nervous system stimulants, antimicrobials, hormonal agents, and intravenous fluids.

Notably, shortages of popular medications like chemotherapy drugs, ADHD treatments such as Adderall, diabetes medications including Ozempic and Mounjaro, as well as common antibiotics like amoxicillin are ongoing concerns [039b72ee-9139-416e-9f1b-92b866fc03b0_1066817968, 5ce83679-158d-4b58-b20f-9f406ab7e58b_193716476, 5274aed3-746d-4d71-baa6-8aa39b97b0ce_945400587].

The underlying causes of these shortages are multifactorial.

They include manufacturing and quality control problems, supply chain disruptions, raw material shortages, increased demand often triggered by pandemics and epidemics, and economic factors like inflation and increased raw material costs.

A significant portion of U.S. drug manufacturing relies on extended supply chains in countries such as India and China.

Unexpected closures of manufacturing sites due to regulatory actions or quality issues, like an FDA inspection leading to the shutdown of an Indian factory producing active pharmaceutical ingredients, have critically impacted supply.

Moreover, supply outages are exacerbated by the opacity of supply chains: manufacturers are not always required to disclose the origin and status of ingredient suppliers, limiting the ability to respond promptly to shortages.

In other regions like Egypt and China, raw material scarcity driven by foreign currency constraints and logistics difficulties compounds drug shortages.

Global medication shortages from 2021 to 2024 have intensified and present a widespread challenge affecting both developing and developed nations.

Title:

Content: Ireland has been suffering a paracetamol shortage as cases of Covid-19 and the winter flu in the country soared over the festive and new year period.

The revelation was made by Health Minister Stephen Donnelly after his department received notification of a supply issue from the Health Products Regulatory Authority.

It is understood the shortage impacted some prescription paracetamol products.

Read More:Irish people complain of ‘worst ever’ winter bug sweeping country that feels like Covid but isn’t

Two suppliers affected have stated that resupply will be sometime in January 2023.

However, there are other prescription paracetamol suppliers with some stock available on the shelves.

Paracetamol is one of the medicines used most often in Ireland and especially for the flu, aches and pain.

But Mr Donnelly pointed out that there are multiple forms of the drug with different strengths and brands available from various sources.

He said: "In the event that there are some supply issues for individual medicines, alternative options such as alternative strengths and brands, generic medicines will usually be available to ensure continuity of treatment.

"In some cases where the medicine initially prescribed for the patient is unavailable, patients may be switched to a suitable therapeutic alternative following appropriate consultation with a healthcare professional."

The Health Minister said medicine shortages have been increasingly prevalent worldwide over the past decade. The causes of such shortages are multifactorial including shortage of raw materials, manufacturing difficulties and industry consolidations.

He stated: "Medicine shortages can originate at any point in the supply chain. They can involve and impact many stakeholders in different ways as the supply models and clinical use of therapies can vary across national health systems.

"Management of medicines shortages necessitates a multi-faceted, multi stakeholder response to ensure patient safety , continuity of care and protection of public health.

"Patients or their carers who have any concerns in relation to temporary alternative products provided because of medical shortages are advised to speak with their pharmacist or other healthcare [professionals] involved in their care."

Mr Donnelly was responding to a number of written Dail questions on the shortage of medicines.

READ NEXT:

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In the United States, the shortage crisis reached unprecedented levels with 323 drugs reported as in short supply in early 2024, surpassing previous records since tracking began in 2001.

Title:

Content: Meitu
The first quarter of the United States serious drug shortage 323 drugs urgent cancer patients also have to be diverted and rationed!
CHU HENG NETWORK NEWS CENTER 2024-04-16 10: 42
According to the latest data from the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) and the Utah Center for Drug Information Services, a total of 323 drugs in the United States were in severe shortages in the first quarter of this year, surpassing the record of 320 in 2014.
Among the drugs affected are the widely used diabetes drugs Ozempic and Mounjaro, the allergy treatment drug adrenaline, the common antibiotic amoxicillin for children, chemotherapy drugs and injections commonly used in hospitals in intensive care.
ASHP CEO Paul Abramowitz said in a statement that almost all categories of drugs are facing shortages, with non-patented sterile injectable drugs, including cancer chemotherapy drugs, and emergency drugs stored in hospital emergency vans and operating areas, the shortage of such drugs is the most worrying.
According to the American Cancer Society, chemotherapy is one of the top five drugs most affected by the shortage, which threatens to have a devastating impact on patients, and some hospitals and clinics say doctors have had to divert patients to ration their medications because of a shortage of some chemotherapy drugs.
In addition, ASHP noted that the continued nationwide shortage of ADHD drugs is “a problem for clinicians and patients. ”
The shortage of popular drugs is even more acute, with Mounjaro, the diabetes drug known as the “slimming pill ”, already in dire straits.
In response, Lilly said that the “unprecedented surge in demand ” for Mounjaro and its similar drug Zepbound has led to a shortage in the market, which the company is struggling to cope with.
Lilly is ramping up investments to boost production at Mounjaro and Zepbound in the second half of 2024.
The company said it expects intermittent supply disruptions in the near term due to unprecedented demand.
How to cure the drug shortage
The last major “drug shortage ” in U.S. history occurred in 2014, and it has only been alleviated in the years since.
Since 2021, the drug shortage situation seems to be increasing, and scholars in the field of medical health and economics in the United States believe that the reason for most drug shortages in the United States is the fragmentation of the drug supply chain.
The White House this month proposed spending between $3.26 billion and $5.11 billion over the next decade to help address the nation ’ s drug shortage.
The bill requires approval and funding from the U.S. Congress.
U.S. researchers and policymakers believe that a complete solution to the “drug shortage ” may require changes to the business model of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, including measures to increase the price of generic drugs to attract more drug manufacturers.
Policymakers recommend giving the FDA more power to access more information about drug shortages and impending shortages.
Currently, the FDA relies primarily on phone calls to manufacturers asking if they can increase their supply to understand the situation.
The American Society of Health System Pharmacists said it is working with the federal government to advise the government on measures to address the drug shortage, including that Congress should require manufacturers to be more transparent on any supply chain issues and encourage more diversity in supply chains.
According to Abramowitz, “The federal government still has a lot of work to do to fundamentally address drug shortages, and the American Society of Health System Pharmacists will continue to engage regularly with policymakers to guide them in drafting and passing new legislation to address drug shortages and continue to advocate vigorously for proven solutions on behalf of our members. ”

This shortage includes critical categories such as sterile injectable generic drugs, cancer chemotherapy agents, emergency drugs, central nervous system stimulants, antimicrobials, hormonal agents, and intravenous fluids.

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The shortage of 323 medical drugs is the worst since 2001.
According to the American Society of Health-System Pharmacis (ASHP), 323 medical drugs are currently in short supply, breaking the previous record of 320 shortages in 2014 and the most severe since tracking drug shortages began in 2001.
ASHP ’ s collaborative survey with the Utah Drug Information Service found that drug shortages in the United States are increasing and show no signs of improvement.
The institute said that all kinds of drugs are at risk of being out of stock, and the most worrying is the lack of even general injection disinfection drugs, including cancer chemotherapy drugs, and emergency medicine stores in hospitals and surgery departments.
Adderall, which is used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy, is one of the most difficult drugs to track and has been in short supply since October 2022. The Drug Enforcement Administration said last fall that more than a dozen pharmaceutical companies said they intended to increase adderall production, but ASHP noted that the problem persists to this day.
Members of the Society of Pharmacists say there is a national shortage of drugs to treat ADHD, which is still causing problems for medical personnel and patients.
Adderall will be short of loans, one of the reasons is that during the Covid-19 period, the use of large, delayed production by major manufacturers, and other manufacturers can not meet production targets.
In its quarterly report, ASHP noted that most pharmaceutical companies are reluctant to disclose the cause of the drug supply shortage.
Experts believe that the rapid increase in demand, supply is too late, pharmaceutical companies are limited, and the supply chain of pharmaceutical materials is blocked.
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Notably, shortages of popular medications like chemotherapy drugs, ADHD treatments such as Adderall, diabetes medications including Ozempic and Mounjaro, as well as common antibiotics like amoxicillin are ongoing concerns [039b72ee-9139-416e-9f1b-92b866fc03b0_1066817968, 5ce83679-158d-4b58-b20f-9f406ab7e58b_193716476, 5274aed3-746d-4d71-baa6-8aa39b97b0ce_945400587].

The underlying causes of these shortages are multifactorial.

They include manufacturing and quality control problems, supply chain disruptions, raw material shortages, increased demand often triggered by pandemics and epidemics, and economic factors like inflation and increased raw material costs.

A significant portion of U.S. drug manufacturing relies on extended supply chains in countries such as India and China.

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Content: FDA gave instructions to pharmaceutical manufacturers to prevent the risk of defects
The FDA has released a draft guideline that will allow pharmaceutical manufacturers to more accurately report disruptions to the production of drugs and APIs.
In particular, it specifies who should contact the regulator in case of a failure in production and on which products it is necessary to transmit information.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued draft guidelines to pharmaceutical manufacturers to prevent the risk of flaw.
According to the instructions, they will notify the agency of changes in the manufacturing process of drugs, biological products or active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).
In the United States, FD & C. It requires manufacturers to notify the agency of interruptions in the supply of products or APIs.
The FDA ’ s new guidelines provide clarifications.
Manufacturers must submit a notice to the FDA at least six months before stopping drug production, which could lead to their shortages on the market.
If it is not possible to notify the agency six months in advance, it should be done “as soon as possible ”.
If interruptions in production may affect the supply situation, the manufacturer should assess the situation only on the basis of its capabilities.
It should not take into account the capacity of other manufacturers, the amount of product on the market or market demand.
The guidelines also state what specific product or API information manufacturers should report when informing the FDA.
CBS, citing a report from the US Senate, writes that by the end of 2022, the shortage of drugs in the US had reached a five-year peak and affected almost 300 pharmaceutical products.
This is due to the fact that the United States moved production to China, India and other countries.
According to the American Society of Health System Pharmacists, products such as sodium chloride solution, the antibiotic amoxicillin and albuterol inhalation solution are now in short supply.
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Unexpected closures of manufacturing sites due to regulatory actions or quality issues, like an FDA inspection leading to the shutdown of an Indian factory producing active pharmaceutical ingredients, have critically impacted supply.

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An Unexpected Catastrophe in the World ’ s Largest Country: The Complete Story of U.S. Drug Shortages
The deficit is at a record level.
According to data from the American Society of Health System Pharmacists and the University of Utah Drug Information Service, organizations began tracking drug shortages for the first time in 2001. Steady since 2021 – now reaching a record high of 323 drugs in the first three months of 2024.
Paul Abramowitz, CEO of the American Society of Health System Pharmacists, wrote in a blog post on Thursday: “It ’ s been a long time to end drug shortages, ” and wrote:“ All drug classes are vulnerable to shortages, some of the most worrisome shortages include sterile injectable generic drugs, including cancer chemotherapy drugs and emergency drugs stored in hospital vans and procedural areas. It is dangerous for doctors and patients. ”
In addition to the 32 chemotherapy drugs that are deficient, the five categories of drugs with the greatest deficiency include central nervous system stimulants, antimicrobials, hormonal agents, and intravenous fluids. [1] The Drug Deficiency Database maintained by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists and the University of Utah is based on voluntary reports from practitioners, patients, and others that have been confirmed by manufacturers. The U.S. drug is in short supply, because it captures broader effects on service providers and patients.
The crisis has lasted a year and a half.
More than half of the treatment shortages have lasted for more than two years, according to an analysis by health consultancy IQVIA, and the average shortage affects at least half a million patients, many of them elderly, according to the US Office of Health and Human Services under the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, which shared its analysis with Congress in May.
Growing demand can play a role in drug shortages, as with the recent shortage of weight-loss drugs, but often manufacturing and quality problems, such as supply chain gaps and downtime, are the root cause. And varied.
But the American Society of Health System Pharmacists has “serious concerns ” about parts of this proposal, especially financial sanctions imposed on hospitals that lack the resources to comply with the recommendations, Abramowitz wrote:“ We all know that managing shortages is not enough and is not a sustainable solution to the worsening crisis, and there is still a lot of work to be done at the federal level to fix the root causes of drug shortages. ”
Why Shortage Occurs
Shortages can be caused by high demand, as with the recent shortage of weight-loss drugs, but this is not usually the main problem.
The FDA also blames manufacturing and quality problems, supply chain gaps, and downtime, and Dr. Emily Tucker, a drug shortage expert and an assistant professor of industrial engineering at Clemson University, says that when there is an indication of shortages, large health systems often also proactively place large orders, adding to the system ’ s stress.
“I don ’ t blame anyone.
“When I talk to all the stakeholders – whether it ’ s wholesalers, manufacturers, or the government – everyone wants this problem to end, ” she said.
Lack of transparency
Dr. Julie Grallo, chief medical officer and executive vice president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, told the House Committee earlier that the shortage puts providers in a terrible position: “The drug shortage crisis is forcing providers to make impossible choices, and it is also hindering the development of new drugs. Health drugs are purchased only on a price basis, and manufacturers do not have to disclose the source of their acquisition of the ingredients.
The shortage of this generic chemical drug came due to the closure of one factory in India that manufactures the active ingredient after a surprise FDA inspection found “significant quality issues, ” says Jarallo:“ We didn ’ t know, and there was no transparency regarding the company ’ s supply of the majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients to all manufacturers across the board.
Knowing this in advance, we could have responded much faster, ” Dr. Steven Schundlemeyer, director of the PRIME Institute of the University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, which focuses on economic and management issues, told the committee that as with defense contractors in the United States, New Zealand requires manufacturers to disclose their suppliers, and that information is required.
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Moreover, supply outages are exacerbated by the opacity of supply chains: manufacturers are not always required to disclose the origin and status of ingredient suppliers, limiting the ability to respond promptly to shortages.

In other regions like Egypt and China, raw material scarcity driven by foreign currency constraints and logistics difficulties compounds drug shortages.

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Smuggling burns drug stability
Libya and Sudan are the main destinations.
And the profits are huge.
Deficiencies include stents, heart medications, diabetes, pressure, and tumors.
It is an undeniable fact that the Egyptian pharmaceutical market is experiencing a crisis of shortage of some vital items on which citizens depend mainly, and at all levels, which exacerbated the suffering of patients in public hospitals affiliated to the government, which receive subsidized medicines at low prices, so that the so-called alternative class becomes a citizen ’ s refuge, to get the necessary dose of medicine, to alleviate his health suffering or save his life.
At a time when it is assumed that more than 90% of medicines are manufactured in Egypt, citizens' complaints about the lack of many medicines and medical supplies in the markets and hospitals are escalating to the extent that deputies submitted a number of requests for briefing through the deputies, stressing that the crisis lies in the raw material itself and imported in dollars.
And the pressure.
Thyroid and sugar.
The main reasons lie in the importation of 95% of raw materials in addition to the presence of “smuggling brokers ” whose mission is to smuggle Egyptian medicine to neighboring conflict countries, especially Libya and Sudan, in order to sell it abroad at exorbitant prices, and to reap huge profits, according to some pharmacists and specialists. In addition to Sudan ’ s import of Egyptian medicine in hard currency, especially with the licenses of Egyptian medicine compared to others and the stopping of factories in neighboring countries because of their conflicts.
According to Ali Abdullah, head of the Egyptian Society for Pharmaceutical Studies (an NGO), the lack of medicines and their disappearance from the local market is a real crisis in case of smuggling, such as insulin, tumors, anesthesia, surgical supplies, serums and vaccines.
The shortage of hard currency in Egypt is also one of the reasons for the disappearance of medicines.
Mahfouz Ramzi, head of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Committee at the Cairo Pharmacists Syndicate, pointed out that there are organized gangs that smuggle medicine to countries of conflicts and wars, explaining that “most operations are conducted through land border roads, and the Egyptian Drug Authority is responsible for inspecting companies, factories and any pharmaceutical institution, to ensure that medicines produced in Egypt are in the normal sequence until they reach pharmacies. ”“ Some smuggling professionals deal with drug stores, where they buy large quantities of medicines, take advantage of discounts on them, and then smuggle them abroad to take advantage of the price difference. ”
The Executive Director of the Egyptian Center for the Right to Medicine, Mahmoud Fouad, confirmed that "the drug stores have turned into an illegal business and a back gate for drug smuggling and expired drug trade, as most of them are not licensed and sold without invoices, and are not subject to the umbrella of the Ministry of Health, in addition to the lack of health standards required to practice the profession of pharmacy, after some stores are run from apartments away from the eyes of the Ministry of the control bodies. 90% of its owners are not pharmacists. ”
“Are these stores registered with the Ministry of Health?
And are they subject to pharmaceutical inspection or from the Drug Control and Research Authority? ”, stressing that most of the small pharmacies in the villages “do not have the ability to buy medicine from distribution companies, which makes them resort to buying from stores after agreeing on specific facilities and periods for payment, ” pointing out that“ popular medicines in Egypt are the most smuggled abroad. ” From 250 pounds ($8 at the official exchange rate).
According to Dr. Ashraf Hatem, Chairman of the Health Committee in Parliament, it is a social responsibility, and priorities must be set, and all parties sitting together may help to solve the crisis, in light of the apparent shortage of a number of medical drugs, and his demand that the Drug Authority publish periodically and daily alternatives to the missing medicines in the absence of the original medicine. In addition, the pharmaceutical industry continues to operate and produce.
For all this and for the continuation of the crisis of drug shortage it was necessary to search and investigate the causes and solutions!
During the meeting of Gamal al-Laith, Chairman of the Chamber of Pharmaceutical Industry at the Federation of Industries, in the presence of Minister of Health Dr. Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, the Governor of the Central Bank, Hassan Abdullah, and others, he sent letters of reassurance to the Egyptian people about the existence of a solution to pump the needs of the market of foreign currency to end the shortage of medicines. Or psychologically for the patient.
He said: « The medicines that suffer from the shortage, some of them are sugar drugs and other drugs tumors and drugs of the glands and heart, drugs related to chronic diseases, which is now being secured, and we as factories work with a stock of raw materials enough for 4-6 months, and this stock reached only weeks, and therefore we are now in the stage of risk, and therefore the government began to move ».
He added that the health sector is supported by the provision of foreign exchange resources to provide all needs according to a plan to deal with such circumstances, stressing the importance of full coordination between the unified purchasing authority and the pharmaceutical industry room as well as pharmaceutical companies to face any problems related to the shortage of supplies, medicines and medical consumables.
As well as a detailed presentation on the commitments implemented and not implemented in the period from June 2023 to January 2024, with regard to the provision of (medicines, medical supplies, laboratory supplies, devices, raw materials and packing materials), and the Minister was briefed on the results of the mechanisms established with the Central Bank of Egypt to pay the obligations in foreign currency to meet the demands of the health care sector.
In the end, the official spokesman stressed that the shortage of drugs does not exceed 15% and the drugs directed to tumors are at the forefront of the shortcomings because of their close link to the currency and what faces the supply chains, otherwise all drugs and within them are compatible... The complaints are due in their entirety to the lack of knowledge of citizens with the trade names of medicines.
In addition to the above, a severe shortage of anesthetic drugs, dental pening drugs, nephrology and recovery drugs, which will cause a real disaster that threatens the conduct of surgical operations for patients, and thus increase the waiting lists in hospitals and the occurrence of complications for patients that may result in loss of their lives.
The head of the medicine division of the Federation of Chambers of Commerce, Ali Ouf, revealed that a request will be submitted to the Egyptian Drug Authority early next week to move the prices of 1,500 items in light of what he described as developments in the situation and rising costs.
He pointed out that « the need to raise the wages of workers in the pharmaceutical sector to compensate them for the cost of living and therefore must raise salaries so that they can live in the current conditions and the sector will bear the increase of salaries at the expense of cost and raise the minimum insurance ».
On the shortage of medicines, Amin al-Dabraki, one of the dealers in the pharmaceutical market, said that the main reason for the crisis is the lack of active substances imported by companies.
This is mainly due to the dollar crisis, in addition to the withdrawal of some financial companies from the Egyptian pharmaceutical market.
On the inability of the Ministry of Health to move the prices of medicines with the movement of the exchange rate, he said that the solutions are the intervention of the state by providing a fixed customs dollar for pharmaceutical companies, while moving the prices of medicines, in addition to starting factories to produce active substances inside Egypt.