The use of additives in salmon farming is a common practice, with various countries having different regulations governing their use.

Additives such as antibiotics, chemicals, and pigments are used in salmon farming to promote healthy growth, prevent disease, and enhance the appearance of the fish.

The use of these additives can have negative impacts on human health, particularly if farmed salmon is consumed regularly, and can also contribute to environmental pollution.

Farmed salmon has been found to have higher levels of contaminants, such as PCBs and dioxins, than wild salmon, which can increase the risk of cancer and other health problems.

The FDA monitors farmed fish, including salmon, for heavy metals like mercury and lead, and regulates the use of additives in fish feed to ensure water quality and feed safety.

In the United States, the use of additives in salmon farming is regulated by the FDA, which sets limits for dioxin and PCBs in food, including farmed salmon.

The European Union has no indicators to monitor the environmental sustainability of aquaculture, including the use of additives in salmon farming.

Some countries, such as Norway and Scotland, have stricter regulations on the use of additives in salmon farming, while others may have more lenient regulations.

Land-based salmon farming is considered a more humane and sustainable alternative to traditional salmon farming, and can reduce the need for certain additives.

The use of additives in salmon farming can also have implications for the environment, including the potential for water pollution and harm to wild salmon populations.

Consumers can make informed choices about the salmon they eat by choosing wild-caught Alaskan salmon, which has less fat and more essential nutrients.

Consumers should also be aware of the source of the salmon and choose products from companies with good production history.

Diversifying fish product choices is recommended for safety, and consumers should avoid purchasing products of unknown origin.

Vendors should obtain independent inspection reports from suppliers to ensure the quality and safety of the salmon.

There is no specific consumption limit recommended for farmed salmon with additives, but consumers should be aware of the potential health risks associated with consuming farmed salmon.

Farmed salmon can have varying levels of EPA and DHA, and cheaper salmon may have similar omega-3 levels as premium farmed products.

Farmed salmon can be fed fish or vegetable oils, but vegetable oils lack fatty acids found in seafood.

Government agencies monitor farmed fish for heavy metal content, and most farmed fish have heavy metal content lower than 1ppm.

Eating a variety of fish can reduce health risks, and consumers should consider health benefits and production methods when buying salmon.

The US Environmental Defense Fund has studied the risks associated with farmed salmon, and contamination cases have been detected in the US and other countries.

Consumers should choose BPA-free canned salmon packages to minimize risks, and be aware of the potential health risks associated with consuming farmed salmon.

Overall, the use of additives in salmon farming is a complex issue that requires careful regulation and monitoring to ensure the health and sustainability of both humans and the environment.

The standards and regulations governing the additives used in salmon farming vary by country, with some countries having stricter regulations than others.

In Norway, the use of additives in salmon farming is regulated by the government, which has appointed scientists to report on the effects of fish farms on wild salmon.

The regulations governing the use of additives in salmon farming can vary by farm, with some farms using more sustainable and humane practices than others.

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council certifies responsible aquaculture practices, including the use of safe and sustainable feed additives.

The Best Aquaculture Practices certifies environmentally responsible aquaculture, which includes the responsible use of feed additives.

The Global Ocean Convention aims to protect marine ecosystems, which includes ensuring the safety and quality of farmed salmon.

The Marine Stewardship Council certifies sustainable fisheries, which includes ensuring that feed additives used in salmon farming meet strict standards.

The use of additives in salmon farming can have significant impacts on the environment and human health, highlighting the need for sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices.

The use of additives in salmon farming is a common practice, with various countries having different regulations governing their use.

Title:

Content: Alert
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More than 300 people change their name to eat enough … your favorite salmon is abused and pollutes the sea? Netflix "Ocean Conspiracy" exposed to the black screen
In the past, more than 300 people in Taiwan changed their name after turning around the famous sushi restaurant “Sushi Lang ” to launch the“ Free Salmon to Eat ” campaign, setting off a “salmon chaos ” in society, showing the people ’ s love for salmon.
With Netflix ’ s new ecological crisis documentary “Seaspiracy ”, which exposes the problems of antibiotics released by“ sea captive salmon ” and fears of pollution, as well as millions of salmon crammed in underwater cages, mercilessly attacked by fish lice, and violating the nature of wild migration, people can ’ t help but look at the issue of animal persecution. It has been proven to sense pain.
What are the cruelties hidden in the world-famous seafood “farmed salmon ”?
How can fish welfare be improved?
More than 300 people changed their name to "salmon" to eat! The salmon that Taiwanese love to eat is not wild at all.
As with many livestock farms on the land, salmon is of high economic value, so many aquaculture operators around the world use sea box nets to trap and breed salmon in captivity, and regularly feed them to pipelines in order to obtain huge "salmon gold" business opportunities.
If you look at Taiwan from a perspective, according to the statistics of customs imports and exports in 2020, the weight of locally imported “captive salmon ” alone is as high as 18,000 tons, with a total value of about NT $5.15 billion.
On the other hand, even if the world is hit by the epidemic in 2020, Norway, the world ’ s largest exporter of salmon, not only will the production of salmon still reach 1.1 million tons, but the export volume will also reach a record second high.
But with the release of Netflix ’ s new marine crisis documentary “Seaspiracy ” in 2023, the blood-soaked disclosure of the sea farming salmon behind the following three unknown dark sides, finally let the terrible“ salmon hell ” shake the world.
1.
High-density farmed salmon have nowhere to escape! Scales and fins are mercilessly devoured by sea lice parasites
Compared to free wild salmon, captive salmon are likely to be crowded together by the fish, constantly colliding, friction, conflict, and nowhere to hide, resulting in scales, kisses, and fins are broken, infectious anemia, spinal deformities and other symptoms, and are more likely to be parasitized by sea lice.
For example, a survey by the global animal lobby welfare organization Compassion in World Farming found that floating dead fish can be found everywhere in crowded salmon farms, and such a harsh living environment is simply a hotbed for the spread of disease.
What is even more frightening is that once the salmon is entangled in sea lice, the scales, skin tissue, surface mucus and blood on the body will soon become food for the parasites.
As the scales of the salmon gradually disappear, in addition to the pain of the body beginning to erode, the pain of infection in the wound or loss of immunity can also plunge them into the abyss of death.
For example, in the clip of "The Ocean Conspiracy", it directly captures the horror of the salmon being eaten alive by a parasite to the eyes, the limbs, and the body.
2.
Marine farmed salmon put into chemicals, antibiotics! Marine pollution affects ecological food chain
In order to solve the salmon nightmare, farmers have to put a lot of irritating chemicals and antibiotics into the box to remove sea lice and reduce the risk of disease in high-density breeding, or to increase the water temperature and try to kill sea lice.
But the pumps and containers used by the former to transport chemicals have undoubtedly made the salmon's sea cages smaller and tighter, while the temperature of the latter has already exceeded the range that the salmon can adapt to, and each of them has brought great pain to the salmon.
At the same time, antibiotics and pesticides flowing into the sea will of course lead to pollution of the surrounding environment, and the organic waste generated by captive salmon will also seriously affect the entire bottom ecology.
In April 2023, the environmental group Greenpeace accused Chile ’ s salmon farming industry of dumping sewage into the ocean, killing more than 5,000 tons of salmon from oxidation.
3.
Undersea cages violate the migratory nature of wild salmon! Millions of animals are ignored
Not only that, Scotland, the world ’ s third largest Atlantic salmon farming exporter, which supplies about 10% of Taiwan ’ s salmon imports each year, has also been raised by the farm animal protection group Compassion in World Farming (CIWF) at the end of 2020, pointing directly to the 22 farms of the local five largest salmon farming companies, and raising millions of salmon in the sea bottom in one breath, completely depriving them of their migratory nature.
Because the migratory nature of salmon has always been a mystery in the animal world, some studies have suggested that salmon can always find the "origin" by remembering the special smell of their birthplace, or by being guided by the magnetic fields of the Sun and Earth.
Regardless of the truth, the physiological structure of salmon is obviously sensitive to sensing the environment, judging the location, and even evading electric shocks in real time.
Therefore, allowing them to roam aimlessly in the box for many years is a kind of cruelty to the body and spirit, depriving the fish instinct of long-distance migration.
All the unhealthy salmon raised in captivity are eaten by humans!
Food chain security in jeopardy
In other words, the three major concerns of captive salmon at sea have caused more than 25% of Scotland ’ s fish populations to suffer and die before they are slaughtered, resulting in a huge waste of food and a complete disregard for animal welfare.
In addition, countless dead fish have been dumped directly in open barrels by Scottish farmers, allowing wild birds and other wildlife to come into contact for food, potentially endangering the safety of other ecological chains.
Salmon farming on land is more humane to the earth! Salmon business opportunities and marine conservation to create food sustainability
Fortunately, this traditional salmon farming method is expected to gradually come to an end.
Because the international company Atlantic Sapphire has been developing "land salmon farm" for 10 years, and in 2022, it invested nearly 4 billion US dollars (about 112 billion US dollars) to build the world's largest land salmon farm Bluehouse in Florida, the United States.
The biggest feature of the land salmon farm is the use of the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) to effectively control the temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen content of the water body, and effectively eliminate carbon dioxide and filter waste, to ensure that the salmon are free from parasites and diseases, while reducing the possibility of marine pollution.
Johan Andreassen, CEO of Atlantic Sapphire: “Ten years ago no one believed that farming salmon on land was financially viable; now Atlantic Sapphire is finally proving that it works, so the question now is how much competition there will be and how much scale there will be in this industry. ”
In order to prove that land-based salmon farming will eventually become a trend in the marine industry, Atlantic Sapphire CEO Johan Andreassen is also looking further into the future, with an estimated 372,000 square meters of fish tanks on about 650,000 square meters of land by 2031, allowing land-based salmon to meet 41% of the annual salmon consumption in the United States.
Also thanks to Atlantic Sapphire, one of the world ’ s largest salmon producers, Norwegian company Grieg Seafood has entered into a joint venture with Årdal Aqua to build a 5,000-tonne annual land farm there.
Salmon Evolution, also from Norway, joined forces with Dongwon Industries, South Korea ’ s largest seafood company, in 2023 to expand its “salmon footprint ” to South Korea.
At the same time, Benchmark Genetics, an aquaculture company that has always strictly controlled the quality of salmon eggs, now sells up to 10% of its salmon eggs to the land-based farming industry to improve the yield and quality of “land-based captive salmon. ”
People from all walks of life, through their own efforts, hope to work for the welfare of salmon, no longer be poisoned by the lust of human words, even if they reproduce artificially, they can also maintain their physical and mental health, and achieve the true meaning of "sustainable food" on earth.
Extended reading:
Taitung version roasted sushi to eat raw meat? Ami youth innovates traditional cuisine with Japanese soul
24 / 7 APP monitoring of Taiwan 's sea bream! Yunlin' s "0 turtle pond" creates 42 times more than 300 million business opportunities
(This article is from the 2023.07.02 "Vision" website and is prohibited from reproducing without consent.)
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What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

Additives such as antibiotics, chemicals, and pigments are used in salmon farming to promote healthy growth, prevent disease, and enhance the appearance of the fish.

Title:

Content: Salmon Meat Fresh Orange Red VS Dark Red From Flavor Color Fat Determine Salmon Cultured or Wild
Food Safety 13: 09 2023 / 11 / 11
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There are three major differences between wild salmon and farmed salmon.
The average consumer relies on the label on the packaging to confirm whether the salmon is farmed or wild, and the food label is different from country to country.
Stan liked the Japanese way of labelling the fish. Whether it was farmed or wild was clearly written; however, if there were no such labelling elsewhere, how would you know where it came from?
In order to make the meat more beautiful, the fish will be added to the feed to make the meat appear bright orange red, attracting consumers to buy, that is, everyone sees the color of salmon meat on weekdays, because the wild salmon does not have that kind of pigment, the fish will appear dark red, it does not look so beautiful.
If you look carefully, the fish meat of the salmon will have a very obvious white fat line, because the feed is specially added a lot of fat to speed up the weight of the fish, but in fact, the wild salmon in the food eaten in the wild environment, there is not so much fat, so the fat line of the wild salmon is smaller than that of the fish.
In addition, because many pollutants are fat-soluble, too much fat in fish makes pollutants accumulate; in terms of taste, wild salmon does not have as much fat as fish, so it is not so oily when cooking, but its fish meat is more delicious.
Of course, you may be very health-conscious and afraid that wild salmon is too expensive, but there are many other omega-3 rich ingredients to choose from.
Fish, you can eat mackerel, mackerel, tuna, sardines, etc. Plants, you can eat flaxseeds, chia seeds and peach, but note that the Omege-3 of the plant is not directly absorbed, you must undergo physical transformation to obtain, so absorption will be slower; as for supplements, you can choose fish oil or krill oil, these are very good and convenient to choose. And...
HKET App has been fully upgraded, TOPICK offers a range of family, health, entertainment, Hong Kong news and leisure life information and videos for everyone.
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Author: Pilot Stan

What are some of the additives that are added to salmon feeds in salmon farms?

What are the purposes of adding pigments to the feed in salmon farms?

What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

What are some of the additives that are added to salmon feeds in salmon farms?

What are the purposes of adding pigments to the feed in salmon farms?

What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

The use of these additives can have negative impacts on human health, particularly if farmed salmon is consumed regularly, and can also contribute to environmental pollution.

Title:

Content: Miscellaneous
Publish Date: December 13, 2021 8: 47 GMT
Updated on: December 13, 2021 9: 40 GMT
Study: Eating Too Much ‘ Farm Salmon ’ May Cause Cancer
A medical study published on Monday warned that overeating salmon raised in farm ponds could lead to cancer.
The Daily Newspaper noted.
+ A -A
Source: Erm News
A medical study published on Monday warned that overeating salmon raised in farm ponds could lead to cancer.
The Daily Express newspaper pointed out that "some previous studies found that salmon, jam in ponds, which is widely consumed around the world, doubles the risk of prostate cancer," pointing out that "salmon is a useful food source for health because it contains omega-3 fatty acids."
"While one salmon is caught in open water, like the seas, the other is bred in tight spaces (farms and ponds), which could have implications for human health," the paper said.
Studies have found that PCBs in farm-raised salmon were about 8 times higher than concentrations in wild salmon, adding that PCBs have been banned for commercial use for decades, but their effects can still be found in the environment, which may adversely affect human diet and therefore health.
According to a study by the Environmental Defense Fund, eating salmon raised in farm ponds on a regular basis may increase the risk of cancer after multiple cases of contamination have been detected in the United States and other countries.
"Medical scientific findings, published in the Journal of Medical Sciences, suggest that cheap farmed salmon sold in stores may do more harm than good."
“Risk analysis suggests that consumption of farmed Atlantic salmon may pose health risks that detract from the beneficial effects of fish consumption, ” the study said.
Eating farmed salmon more than once a month may be enough to increase the risk of cancer.
"In multivariate analyses, men with the highest concentrations of PCBs were twice as likely to develop prostate cancer than men with the lowest concentrations."
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What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

Farmed salmon has been found to have higher levels of contaminants, such as PCBs and dioxins, than wild salmon, which can increase the risk of cancer and other health problems.

Title:

Content: Health & Beauty › Know the Health Benefits of Canned Salmon
Canned Salmon
When you need a quick lunch or dinner, eating canned foods is an easy and quick solution, and you can consider buying canned salmon as an alternative.
It is known that fish is a major source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are characterized by their health benefits to reduce the risk of heart disease, and in the next report we explain the benefits and harms, according to the report published in eatthis.
1) Get more omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids are heart-healthy fats known for their anti-inflammatory properties, when consumed regularly, they contribute to normal cholesterol levels, and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and this makes them essential in any balanced diet, and salmon is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids.
2- Rich in protein
If you ’ re struggling to get enough protein in your diet, canned salmon may be an excellent solution, and one can of canned salmon contains about 34 grams of protein, which is 68% of the recommended daily value, according to certified nutritionist Serena Boone.
“Protein is an important nutrient that should make up about 10 to 35 percent of your total diet, and vegetable protein and protein from fish and poultry are best for your health and the environment, ” says Boone.
(c) Obtaining sodium
One disadvantage of eating canned foods is that they are salty, which helps to preserve them because they are already cooked, one can of salmon may contain 30% of your daily sodium needs – more than 650 milligrams.
This may not be a big problem if you are healthy and consume mostly fresh, unprocessed foods, however if you have high blood pressure or kidney problems, eating canned fish often may not be a good idea.
4 Get Calcium:
Although you should pay attention to sodium intake, there is a benefit to eating canned salmon: it is full of minerals, electrolytes, and calcium, as eating 3.5 ounces of canned salmon provides the same amount of calcium as a glass of skim milk.
5. Contains filtered chemicals
Nutrition expert Serena Boone has confirmed that canned foods can run the risk of containing bisphenol A, a known endocrine disruptor linked to cancer, and recommended that canned foods, including canned salmon, should be purchased in BPA-free packages.
6. Contains toxic chemicals:
Many brands of canned salmon contain farmed salmon, which can be a problem and is at greater risk for containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), artificial toxins that can have negative health effects on the immune, nervous and endocrine systems and can be linked to cancer.
Source: eatthis
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What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

The FDA monitors farmed fish, including salmon, for heavy metals like mercury and lead, and regulates the use of additives in fish feed to ensure water quality and feed safety.

Title:

Content: Fish meat has heavy metals, eat not to eat? Doctor: small and medium-sized fish, farmed fish is the safest
Everyday Health - The Health You Can Do Everyday
The issue of heavy metal content in fish is indeed a food safety issue that deserves attention.
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Dr. Ooi Hean, a serious medical doctor, pointed out that the ocean is heavily polluted, and the heavy metals in the fish body are also accumulated and contaminated.
In general, the heavy metals commonly found in fish are arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, etc. These heavy metals may accumulate in the fish through the food chain, causing harm to human health.
Which fish has more heavy metals?
In general, fish that are at a higher level in the biological chain, such as large migratory fish or deep-sea fish, will increase the concentration of heavy metals in the fish with the bioaccumulation effect of feeding processes such as algae and small fish.
For example, sharks, swordfish, tuna, and oily fish are all species that are more likely to contain higher amounts of heavy metals.
The difference in heavy metal content between large and small fish
Because large fish are usually predatory, they eat many smaller fish, so they accumulate more heavy metals in their bodies.
Conversely, small fish are usually herbivorous or omnivorous and eat less heavy metals, so their heavy metal content is relatively low.
Therefore, in terms of consumption, it is recommended to choose small and medium-sized fish, and diversify the intake of different types of fish to reduce the risk.
Differences in Heavy Metals in Freshwater or Deep-Sea Fish
There is no absolute difference in the heavy metal content of freshwater or deep-sea fish, mainly depending on their growing environment and dietary habits.
In general, heavy metal pollution in the freshwater environment may come from industrial wastewater, agricultural water, mining and other human activities, while heavy metal pollution in the deep-sea environment may come from natural phenomena such as natural geology, volcanic eruptions, and submarine microbial metabolism.
Therefore, when selecting freshwater or deep-sea fish, pay attention to whether their origin and quality meet hygiene standards.
How to avoid excessive heavy metal content in fish?
Reduce the frequency of consumption of large deep-sea fish, or avoid consumption.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also revised the principle of "fish taking the index finger," subverting the deeply held beliefs of the general public, suggesting that people should avoid eating large deep-sea fish such as tuna and swordfish, so as not to accumulate the heavy metal "methylmercury" accumulated in the body.
Select qualified farmed fish.
Farmed fish are mainly affected by their water sources and feed.
Therefore, when choosing or operating a farm, make sure that the water source is clean and free of pollution, and regularly test the water quality.
In addition, when selecting or providing feed, ensure that its source is reliable and free of toxins and that it complies with relevant regulations.
Also, avoid using farmed fish that contain large amounts of antibiotics or other chemicals added.
For the monitoring of farmed fish, government agencies will have regular testing, in the natural state, those found in fish mercury, zinc, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium content monitoring, as the basis for environmental pollution assessment of farmed fish.
At present, these monitoring shows that the heavy metal content of farmed fish, most of them are lower than 1ppm, and it can be known that the heavy metal content from farmed fish is relatively small, and the public can eat it with peace of mind.
And British scientists agree that farmed fish are generally safer than wild fish because farmed feed, which has been washed or removed, has many toxic compounds or heavy metals.
Small and medium-sized fish, often changing species.
Experts recommend, for example, eating autumn cuttlefish today, bream tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow, to avoid long-term, high-frequency consumption of the same fish species, which causes a burden on health.
The Food and Drug Administration also reminded that for people who are fond of fish, it is recommended to eat all kinds of fish in a "variety of choices".
In his article, Huang encouraged people to eat fish because eating high-fat fish, including salmon, tuna, sardines and mackerel, can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease because these marine fish contain two of the omega 3 (omega-3) fatty acids, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid).
In addition to Omega3, fish has other beneficial nutrients, including selenium, a microelement that protects cells from damage and infection, iodine, which supports a healthy metabolism, and protein.
Therefore, eating fish can strengthen the brain and reduce the risk of the heart.
He reminded that people who want to fish can follow the Food and Drug Administration's advice to "choose a variety of fish", not only do they prefer to eat a large amount of specific fish, in order to achieve a balanced intake of nutrients provided by different fish, eat healthy and nutritious.
This article was reported by Dr. Ooi Hean on Dr. Huang Xuan ’ s Facebook Powder Page.
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What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

In the United States, the use of additives in salmon farming is regulated by the FDA, which sets limits for dioxin and PCBs in food, including farmed salmon.

Title:

Content: Chinese hairy crabs detected with dioxin over standard food and drug administration suspends import from farm
Journalist Hsu Juo-yin / reporting from Taipei
This (3) afternoon, the Food and Drug Department (FDA) announced that it would suspend the application for import inspection of the farm from China to strengthen source management.
This is an advertisement, please continue reading.
The Food and Drug Department (FEHD) today released a list of food violations for border inspection. Among them, the "live Chinese chestnut crabs" exported from China, commonly known as hairy crabs, are found to be illegal. According to the "Food Containing Dioxin and Polychlorinated Biphenyls", the Dioxin limit is 3.5 pg / g wet weight, and the total amount of Dioxin polychlorinated Biphenyls is 6.5 pg / g wet. However, this batch found that the total content of dioxin 10.4 pg / g wet weight, dioxin and dioxin polychlorinated biphenyls was 10.8 pg / g wet weight, which did not comply with Article 15 of the Food Safety and Health Management Law, and the total weight of 6400 kg was returned or destroyed according to the regulations.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said that considering dioxin pollution as an environmental pollution problem, in order to strengthen the source management of hairy crabs in the mouth, the Dongfangxu Seawater Breeding Farm in Panshan County, registration number: 2100 / AC001, is closed from today.
In addition, the list of violations also see the fresh strawberries exported from Japan, the Food and Drug Administration also mentioned that during the inspection in December 111, Japan's fresh strawberries exported to Taiwan were detected by the border inspection and six batches did not meet Taiwan's "pesticide residue tolerance standards".
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What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

The European Union has no indicators to monitor the environmental sustainability of aquaculture, including the use of additives in salmon farming.

Title:

Content: Ad

The EU must not support intensive fish farming — it's not sustainable

Free Article

The Hungarian presidency of the Council of the European Union, which will run between 1 July and 31 December 2024, has announced in its programme that it will pay particular attention to the development of “sustainable and competitive aquaculture”, arguing that “it is the animal protein production sector with the smallest environmental footprint.”

Beyond a supposedly low carbon footprint, aquaculture is also presented as an alternative to mitigate declining wild fish catches. However, under the term “aquaculture” we find various production models – some of which are more environmentally benign when conducted at appropriate scale, such as the cultivation of mussels, clams, and oysters, and some of which come with significant damaging impacts.

Many European consumers who want to eat fish from sustainable sources believe farmed salmon, trout and seabass are sustainable choices. But the intensive farming of carnivorous fin fish is neither socially nor environmentally sustainable.

The environmental impacts of this industrial production model include an increase in harmful algal blooms, a negative impact on sea grass meadows due to the accumulation of organic matter around farms, mass fish die-offs, the use of the harmful substances such as carcinogenic formaldehyde or antibiotics, and water pollution, creating dead zones on the sea bed underneath the farms. Adding to this, carnivorous farmed fish such as salmon and seabass require high volumes of fishmeal and fish oil from wild-caught fish in their feed.

In Europe, industrial aquaculture of carnivorous fish at sea is damaging the environment and displacing traditional activities such as coastal small-scale fisheries.

On the island of Poros, Greece, for example, the plan is to increase the area dedicated to open net pen carnivorous fish farms by 28 times. Yet, underwater video depicts that marine ecosystem near the current small-scale pens is completely dead from the waste and pollution of the farms, and local professional fishermen attest to a loss of wild fish since the influx of fish farms.

Beyond Europe, the production of fishmeal and fish oil necessary to feed carnivorous farmed fish is depleting wild fish stocks. This is the case in West Africa where the overfishing of small pelagics such as sardines and mackerel for industrial fish farms in Europe is undermining food security and the livelihoods of small-scale fishers and women fish-processors. Fish is taken away from people in low-income countries to feed the farmed fish which will be consumed in wealthy nations.

The UN special rapporteur on the right to food acknowledged this in his report to the Human Rights Council in early 2024: “Many farmed fish are carnivorous species that require feed products harvested from wild fish stock, thereby creating another source of pressure on wild fish stocks and disrupting ecosystems.

Moreover, global feed companies are exacerbating food insecurity in some communities. For example, over half a million tons of pelagic fish that could feed over 33 million people in the region are instead extracted from the ocean along the coast of West Africa and converted to fishmeal and fish oil, primarily in order to feed farmed fish and livestock, mostly in Asia and Europe.”

The current EU strategy for aquaculture does not respond to the social and environmental challenges posed by this sector and fails to clearly define what “sustainable” aquaculture is. In fact, in a special report on aquaculture, the European Court of Auditors (ECA) found that the European Union has been pouring funds into the development of aquaculture with little proof that this has contributed to the sector’s “environmental and social sustainability or its competitiveness.” The ECA report further highlights that “there are currently no indicators available to monitor the environmental sustainability of EU aquaculture.”

Under the agriculture and fisheries agenda, Hungary has reaffirmed its wish to support farmers, and fish farmers, through a “farmer-friendly European food system.” Rather they should support low impact small-scale fishers as primary food producers.

Under the Hungarian presidency, the EU should discontinue support for industrial aquaculture of carnivorous species and instead promote more sustainable small-scale aquaculture options that can co-exist instead of negatively affecting small-scale fisheries in Europe and beyond. If Europe wants to be a model in sustainable ocean governance, it must place small-scale, low-impact fisheries and aquaculture at the heart of its food policy.

This is an open letter signed by the following organisations from Africa and Europe: African Confederation of Artisanal Fisheries Organisations (CAOPA), Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA), Feedback Europe, Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE), Compassion in World Farming and the Rauch Foundation.

Disclaimer

This article is sponsored by a third party. All opinions in this article reflect the views of the author and not of EUobserver.

Author Bio

The Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements is a platform of European and African organisations that raises awareness about the impacts of the EU-Africa fisheries agreements on artisanal fishing communities.

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The Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements is a platform of European and African organisations that raises awareness about the impacts of the EU-Africa fisheries agreements on artisanal fishing communities.

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Some countries, such as Norway and Scotland, have stricter regulations on the use of additives in salmon farming, while others may have more lenient regulations.

Title:

Content: Lawmakers in Maine -- home to aquaculture producer Cooke and land-based yellowtail farmer Kingfish --are continuing to call for stricter regulations when it comes to current and future aquaculture leases.

The latest set of proposals come from Maine Democratic Sen. Nicole Grohoski, who has two bills in the works aimed at regulating the industry.

The first proposal from Grohoski would ask the state's Commissioner of Marine Resources to not issue a lease for marine finfish aquaculture if the stocking density exceeds 22 kilograms per cubic meter or if the biomass exceeds 780 metric tons. The measure would also apply to current leases under the current version of the bill.

That bill is scheduled to have a public hearing on Thursday.

"Arbitrarily changing stocking limits through legislation may simply restrict a producer’s ability to introduce new technologies and innovative equipment which otherwise enables aquaculture farms to operate even more sustainably," Joel Richardson, Cooke's vice president of public relations, told IntraFish.

If passed, he added, any existing or future fish farming companies in Maine would be impacted by the legislation.

While Richardson did not comment on the stocking densities at Cooke's salmon aquaculture facilities in Maine, the state's Department of Marine Resources lists the company as having 24 licenses active aquaculture leases in the state.

"The salmon farms of today have improved significantly from the farms of decades ago," Richardson said. "In our experience, some legislative changes can be counterproductive and do not typically keep up with the rapid pace of technological advancement in the aquaculture sector.

"One of the key reasons why Maine has been successful in aquaculture growth is that the state, academia, industry and communities work collaboratively to establish the associated regulatory policy and legislation."

The lawmaker's other active bill would direct the state's Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to review state laws and rules regulating the licensing of waste discharges from proposed finfish aquaculture facilities, including any waste discharge modeling requirements or standards.

“On-water finfish farming is not what it was decades ago," the senator said of the legislation in a statement, adding she was working to protect both the state's coast and the livelihoods of its lobstermen.

"Nor are our coastal marine environments as healthy as they once were. This bill will move Maine in the right direction as we ensure our regulations are up to date with modern practices, so we can protect the health of our cold, clean waters.”

That bill received a divided committee report, with nine members in favor and four against, reported the local news site Mount Deseret Islander. A majority vote is needed to move the bill out of committee for House and Senate review, the news site said.

The latest of many

This is not the first time this year that strict measures have been proposed by Maine legislators for aquaculture. In March, a measure brought forward by a different Maine senator sought to place strict new regulations on land-based aquaculture facilities in the state.

While that proposal died in committee following significant industry outcry, the state's aquaculture industry remains on edge, with local opposition from residents and lawmakers having the ability to significantly hinder projects.

"As with many bills you see proposed, while it may not directly impact all aquaculture producers, they can set a precedent for unreasonable regulations in future," Megan Sorby, an operations manager for Maine's land-based yellowtail producer The Kingfish Company, told IntraFish of legislation such as Sen. Grohoski's.

She pointed to the senator's proposal to limit stocking densities as being in conflict with the current regulatory decisions, which are "driven by the unique environmental conditions at each farm site and the sites’ ability to process the nutrients coming out of the farm."

"Each site is different and Maine’s environmental monitoring regime is designed to help the farmer determine the appropriate biomass that will not exceed the sites carrying capacity and harm the environment," she said.

"This is trying to impose a 'one size fits all' approach, which would eliminate the existing robust analysis that is currently part of the regulatory framework."

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Title:

Content: ‘It will be death knell for all Connemara rivers’: fish farm plan sparks concerns

Angling: Covid-19 regulations fail to dampen spirits at Annamoe Fishery event

Tipperary angler Pat Noonan (centre), winner of the post-Christmas outing at Annamoe Trout Fisheries, with six rainbow trout. On left, Stuart McGrane, organiser of the day and Brian Nally, proprietor

The report in Angling Notes in November last focused on alerting readers of the application by MOWI (formally Marine Harvest) for a proposed new 22-cage fish farm in Ballinakill Bay, Connemara. The Department of Marine has recently announced that the application is now being processed.

Numerous correspondence of grave concern have been sent to Minister for the Marine Charlie McConalogue and Minister for the Environment Eamon Ryan in relation to the proposed licence application.

Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) has submitted its reasons for objecting to the licence as have Salmon Watch Ireland, Galway Bay Against Salmon Cages and many environmental groups and angling clubs throughout the country.

Commenting on behalf of the Drowes Fishery, Seamus O’Neill said: “If this licence is granted it will be the death knell for all of the Connemara rivers, especially the Kylemore river, which enters the sea at Ballinakill Bay. The decision by IFI to publish its submission in the new year is unusual and most welcome,” he said.

New scientific evidence of the detrimental effects fish farms are having on the environment is coming to light on a regular basis. In MOWI’s home country, the Norwegian government appointed 13 scientists to report on the effects fish farms are having on the wild salmon population returning to rivers.

The report by the Norwegian Scientific Advisory Committee for Atlantic Salmon is most terrifying. Of particular interest are the sections on the detrimental effects salmon farm lice and escapees are having on wild salmon populations.

In 2019, 1,393,000 metric tons of farmed Atlantic salmon were produced in Norway. It was reported that 43,000 escaped from fish farms in 2020. The mean annual number of escapees reported during the last 10 years was 168,000 salmon.

The actual numbers were two to four times higher than reported, according to the Institute of Marine Research during 2005-2011.

Studies have also shown there is widespread genetic introgression of escaped farmed salmon in wild salmon. The gene flow from escaped farmed salmon has altered the life history of wild Atlantic salmon in Norwegian rivers. Individuals with high levels of introgression from farmed fish have altered age and size at maturation.

Salmon returning to rivers each year has also diminished due to the impacts of salmon lice. This reduction threatens salmon populations in the most impacted areas and has significantly reduced the harvestable surplus for angling and marine fisheries over large parts of the country.

In 2010-2014, the report estimated that 50,000 fewer salmon returned from the ocean each year due to the impacts of salmon lice. For 2018, it was estimated there was a reduction of 29,000 salmon due to salmon lice, and for 2019 a reduction of 39,000 salmon.

The full report can be viewed at Status of Wild Atlantic Salmon in Norway 2021.

Covid fails to dampen spirits at Annamoe Fishery

Covid regulations were to the fore at the post-Christmas fly fishing outing to Annamoe Fishery in Roundwood, Co Wicklow, last Tuesday.

All the usual protocols associated with competitions were set aside for the 15 competitors. No gatherings, no cross-checking size limits, 5m distance between anglers and the fishery lodge remained closed. It was a case of bring your own sandwiches and tea and stay outside at your peg.

That said, the day was a huge success. “It was like a summer’s day” was a comment overheard. Mild temperatures, sunshine and slack winds. And the fish responded in good numbers too. A total of 34 trout were landed (and returned), with Templemore angler Pat Noonan taking the honours with six fish. Craig Sheridan caught a beauty of 3.5lb.

Annamoe Trout Fisheries is open most days. Contact Brian for fly-casting lessons and further details at 0404-45470.

*If you have an angling story to share, please send to me at angling@irishtimes.com.

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What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

Land-based salmon farming is considered a more humane and sustainable alternative to traditional salmon farming, and can reduce the need for certain additives.

The use of additives in salmon farming can also have implications for the environment, including the potential for water pollution and harm to wild salmon populations.

Title:

Content: What Is A Salmon Sperm Facial? The Dark Side To The Beauty Trend

People are having DNA derived from salmon sperm injected into their faces to make them look younger

By

5 Minutes Read

Salmon sperm facials made the news last year after Jennifer Aniston told the Wall Street Journal she had tried one. Now the anti-ageing treatment is tipped to become a big beauty trend of 2024.

Injecting sperm into your face sounds gross – though it isn’t actually sperm that’s used. But the bigger problem is the industry behind the trend: salmon farming and fishing.

Here we delve into the dark side of the salmon sperm facial and the problem with using animal products in cosmetics.

What is a salmon sperm facial?

The “sperm” in the facials is actually DNA derived from the sperm of salmon. It’s technical name is Polydeoxyribonucleotide, or PDRN, which is how the ingredient may be labelled on cosmetics products. PDRN refers to several bioactive molecules derived from purified and sterilized DNA taken from salmon sperm.

A treatment involves having PDRN injected into your face using a small needle. It is supposed to stimulate collagen production and help cell renewal. Several sessions are recommended across several months to see results. PDRN is also found in some luxury skincare products like lotions and supplements. The fad originated in South Korea, the home of skincare regimes that have become a global phenomenon known as K-beauty.

There is some research showing that PDRN can help wounds to heal, discovered through animal experimentation. But there have been few human trials to test it’s efficacy for cosmetic or medical purposes.

Where does the sperm come from?

According to Metro, the salmon-derived ingredient in the treatment is a by-product of seafood production. “[R]ather than it being tossed away when wild Alaskan salmon is prepared, instead the beauty industry snaps it up.”

It’s not clear whether the PDRN used by beauty companies comes exclusively from wild Alaskan salmon, or whether some is obtained from farmed salmon. Either way, both industries are deeply problematic, and the use of their by-products by the beauty industry is not as harmless as it sounds.

Taking fishes from the wild

Populations of wild Atlantic Salmon are declining globally, with some communities in crisis. For example, in UK rivers – a breeding ground for the species – populations hit a record low in 2022.

This is despite efforts to conserve Atlantic salmon numbers through fishing exclusion zones being established since the 1980s. The global decline is likely due to illegal and unregulated fishing activity, according to one study. Dammed rivers, warming waters due to the climate crisis, and sea lice proliferating at salmon farms attaching to wild fishes may also impacting the health of wild salmon populations.

Salmon farming

Farming salmon is supposed to help alleviate pressure on wild populations. Most of the salmon sold in supermarkets in the UK come from Scottish farms. Indeed, globally more fishes killed for food now come from farms than from the wild. This makes it seem more likely that the PDRN in cosmetics is currently, or will in future be, derived from farmed salmon (though we don’t know its origins for sure).

Salmon farming has many negative impacts on the fishes and the marine environment. Undercover investigations have shown how farmed salmon suffer from predation, sea lice infestations, and disease outbreaks. Mortality rates on farms have also been rising due to warming waters – a problem only set to get worse in future.

The sea lice infestations on farms are bleeding into wild salmon who swim past the pens of their captive kin. In Scotland, there are plans to establish protection zones for wild salmon to keep them safe from the sea lice outbreaks on farms.

Pollution including waste and pesticides from farms has been rising and wreaking havoc on surrounding ecosystems.

By-products aren’t harmless

Using by-products from the meat, fishing, and farmed fish industries – known as rendering – does not simply reduce waste from those industries. It financially supports them by adding value to their products.

Slaughtering animals for food produces a lot of waste, such as blood, bones, skin or scales, hoofs, intestines, and fish swim bladders. Treating and disposing of it in an environmentally safe way is expensive, which is why animal industries would rather sell it. Development in technology are increasingly enabling them to extract materials from waste and monetize it.

The value that rendering adds to animal industries can lead to the products derived from waste becoming a driver of destructive practices.

For example, bovine collagen, used like PDNR as an anti-ageing treatment, has become extremely popular. In 2023, an investigation by several news organizations uncovered links between collagen supply chains and Amazon deforestation. The booming collagen industry means that, along with leather, collagen makes up an increasing portion of the profit made from cows raised in the Amazon who are killed for beef.

Marine collagen, derived from the skin of fishes, is also becoming popular. It could potentially provide a new revenue stream for seafood companies. Collagen, salmon sperm, and other fish waste products that can be rendered could thus become more of a reason in themselves for slaughtering fishes.

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What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

Consumers can make informed choices about the salmon they eat by choosing wild-caught Alaskan salmon, which has less fat and more essential nutrients.

Title:

Content: 7 Types of Fish to Eat and 7 to Avoid
Fish has a high nutritional value; it contains many important elements such as omega-3 acids and unsaturated fats, which help in the prevention of many diseases.
Despite these benefits, experts recommend avoiding some fish species because of their potential harm to human health or because their catch is inconsistent with environmental fishing standards.
In a report published in Health Digest, author Allie Arcuri lists the best nutritionally available fish and other species to avoid.
First, fish that you are advised to avoid
Farmed salmon (farmed salmon)
Experts often recommend avoiding farmed salmon, as it feeds very differently from sea salmon.
Farmed salmon contain 3 times more fat per 4 grams than sea salmon, because the farmed feeds on high-fat diets in order to double its size.
Worse still, most of those fats come from omega-6 fatty acids, the type recommended for moderation.
Farmed salmon also have higher levels of contaminants, as they live in enclosed spaces.
2. Tilapia
Tilapia live in fresh water, and although it is a favorite meal for many, it carries some health risks depending on the country in which it originates.
Compared to other fish, tilapia does not provide a high nutritional value, due to its high content of omega-6 and very low percentage of omega-3 fatty acids, which help control cholesterol and heart disease.
Atlantic flatfish (Atlantic flatfish)
Much of the flounder caught today has been proven to contain contaminants.
In the 1980s, research showed that about 75 percent of fish caught in Boston had signs of liver disease and cancerous tissue.
The larger the fish, the more heavy metals they contain, taking years to fully mature and absorbing more mercury than other fish.
Caviar (caviar)
Caviar are eggs extracted from the butterflies of some types of fish, such as sturgeon, but did you know that fishermen extract these fish to cut their butterflies, and then throw them to die in the sea?
Such fishing contravenes established environmental standards.
The Shark (Shark)
Because sharks are predators at the top of the food chain, they eat whatever harmful fish and plastics they encounter, so sharks are usually full of toxins, including mercury, arsenic and lead.
Shark fishing is also devastating to the environment, killing 100 million sharks each year, according to National Geographic.
6. Orange roughy
Orange ruby fish contains a high amount of mercury, its constant intake can lead to dysfunction of the nervous system, and its consumption can harm the pregnant woman.
Regardless of the health risk posed by eating these fish, overfishing can harm the food chain.
The Eel (Eel)
The Monterey Bay Seafood Control Center explains that eels (known as eels) are on the seafood list to avoid due to sustainability issues related to their catch.
Several environmental organizations are working to find sustainable ways to raise these fish, under the threat of extinction of species of eel.
Most eels are classified as high mercury fish, according to the Environmental Defense Fund.
Second: The fish that you are advised to eat
Wild Caught Alaskan Salmon (Wild Caught Alaskan Salmon)
This type of salmon is the best choice, as it contains less fat than farmed salmon, and provides plenty of minerals and other essential nutrients, including iron and calcium.
Some studies have shown that wild salmon has a healthy omega-3 and omega-6 content, partly due to the lower amount of fat in this fish overall.
2) Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout is a healthy and sustainable marine food; from a nutritional point of view, this type of fish is rich in omega-3 acids, as well as containing selenium, potassium, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6, in addition to containing a high percentage of proteins.
Atlantic mackerel (Atlantic mackerel)
Atlantic mackerel is a healthy and environmentally friendly choice; it contains very little mercury.
The equipment used to catch mackerel is less harmful to the environment, helping to maintain the reproduction and sustainable consumption of these fish.
According to Eating Well, every 3 ounces of Atlantic mackerel contains about 20 grams of lean protein, with a high content of omega-3 fatty acids.
The same serving provides nearly three times the recommended daily intake of vitamin B12.
The herring (herring)
Herring contains vitamin D and selenium (a rare mineral that promotes fertility and cognitive function), as well as lean proteins, and low amounts of mercury.
Pregnant women are recommended to eat these fish, as research has revealed that omega-3 acids help in the development of the brain of the fetus.
Sable fish (sablefish)
Sable is a nutritious and delicious oily fish that has many health benefits.
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, American sable fish is a good choice in the seafood world because its catch is regulated.
Sable fish contains more omega-3 than other low-fat fish.
Catfish (Catfish)
In addition to the nutritional benefits, these fish absorb less pollutants and heavy metals than other large, long-lived fish.
According to the Food and Drug Administration, swordfish, for example, contain 40 times as much mercury as catfish.
About 3.5 ounces of catfish contain about 3 grams of fat and 18 grams of protein.
The catfish also contains selenium, phosphorus, potassium, thiamine and vitamin B12.
Pacific wild-caught sardines
Pacific sardines are one of the best fish to eat, as they are small fish that reproduce quickly.
Because their life cycle is relatively short, they do not contain a high content of heavy metals compared to other fish.
In terms of its nutritional value, Pacific sardines contain an abundant amount of vitamin D, as well as omega-3, and a high percentage of calcium.
Source: Websites
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What are the consequences of adding omega-6 (vegetable oil) to feeds in salmon farming?

Result in every 4 grams of farmed salmon containing 3 times more fat than wild salmon

Consumers should also be aware of the source of the salmon and choose products from companies with good production history.

Title:

Content: Heavy Metals and Prohibited Drugs Found in Seafood! Luk Fook Courtyard All Day Flat Crab, Nanmen Market Yellow Fish Dart
Reporter Lam Kwan-sei / General Report
In order to protect the safety of edible aquatic products, the Taipei City Health Bureau recently carried out the first round of sampling of fresh aquatic products in April of this year (2024). A total of 30 samples were tested in aquatic stores, restaurants and markets. Exceeding the standard: 0.5mg / kg, and 0.6ppb of the banned drug "rehydrated crystal purple" found in "Yellow Fish" in Nanmen Market. The standard is not to be detected. The seller has been requested to remove the shelf and the health bureau of the source of the product has been requested to handle it in accordance with its authority.
This is an advertisement, please continue reading.
The Taipei City Health Bureau pointed out that a total of 30 fresh water products were sampled, including 5 deep-sea fish, 10 farmed fish, 5 shellfish, 5 shellfish, 5 crustaceans, and 5 cephalopods.
Test results 1 piece of "flat crab" detected heavy metal cadmium 0.6 mg / kg (standard: 0.5 mg / kg), does not comply with the "food contaminants and toxins hygiene standards" provisions, in violation of article 17 of the Food Safety and Health Management Law, in accordance with article 52, paragraph 1, paragraph 2 of the same law should be confiscated and destroyed, in accordance with article 48, paragraph 8 of the deadline for correction, the new punishment. A fine of less than $3 million was imposed.
The other one was found to be leucocrystal violet (LCV) 0.6 ppb (standard: not to be detected), which did not meet the "animal drug residue standard", violated the provisions of Article 15, paragraph 1, paragraph 5 of the Food Safety and Health Management Act, and was fined between NT $60,000 and NT $200 million in accordance with Article 44, paragraph 1, paragraph 2 of the Act. Article 52, paragraph 1, of the Act stipulates that the product shall be confiscated and destroyed.
In view of the heavy metal content of the food was found to exceed the standard, Courtyard by Marriott Liufu Hotel issued a statement that this frozen flat crab was sent to the Ministry of Health and Welfare certification unit for inspection and approval, and will then communicate with the Health Bureau to clarify.
According to the Taipei City Health Bureau, heavy metals can enter the human body through food, dust inhalation, skin contact and drinking water. The source of heavy metals in aquatic products is mainly due to the growth of contaminated water. The risk.
As for the "leucocrystal violet (LCV)" detected by yellow fish, although it can prevent aquatic products from being infected by mold and microorganisms, it is carcinogenic to the human body, so it is not allowed to be used in edible aquatic products, and it is an animal medicine that cannot be detected.
The Taipei City Health Bureau reminds that the legal use of approved drugs in the breeding industry, in addition to the animal object, age, dosage, etc., must also comply with the drug suspension period, so as to ensure the safety and health of the product.
The Taipei City Health Bureau recommends that vendors obtain independent inspection reports from large plates or suppliers, and urges consumers to choose companies with good production history or reputation for aquatic products, avoid purchasing products of unknown origin, and diversify their choice of fish products.
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Diversifying fish product choices is recommended for safety, and consumers should avoid purchasing products of unknown origin.

Vendors should obtain independent inspection reports from suppliers to ensure the quality and safety of the salmon.

There is no specific consumption limit recommended for farmed salmon with additives, but consumers should be aware of the potential health risks associated with consuming farmed salmon.

Farmed salmon can have varying levels of EPA and DHA, and cheaper salmon may have similar omega-3 levels as premium farmed products.

Title:

Content: Cheaper salmon is 'as good as premium farmed products when it comes to Omega 3', study shows

  • Fish-eaters benefit from two Omega 3 fatty acids – EPA and DHA – which can boost heart health and thinking skills
  • Researchers analysed packs of farmed Scottish and Norwegian salmon from 10 UK supermarkets
  • The best provided 67% of the recommended weekly Omega 3 but the worst only offered 26%
  • Fillets from two stores did not contain significantly more Omega 3 than non-premium products

Premium farmed salmon may be no healthier than value brands when it comes to Omega 3, a study has shown.

Fish-eaters benefit from two Omega 3 fatty acids – EPA and DHA – which can boost heart health and thinking skills.

Researchers analysed packs of farmed Scottish and Norwegian salmon from 10 UK supermarkets.

The best provided 67 per cent of the recommended weekly Omega 3 but the worst only offered 26 per cent.

Fillets from two stores did not contain significantly more Omega 3 than non-premium products.

Premium farmed salmon may be no healthier than value brands when it comes to Omega 3, a study has shown. Fish-eaters benefit from two Omega 3 fatty acids – EPA and DHA – which can boost heart health and thinking skills. (File image)

Farmed salmon tend to be fed a mixture of fish and vegetable oils but the latter lack the fatty acids found in seafood.

Study leader Dr Matthew Sprague, from Stirling University, said: 'The amount of EPA and DHA can vary based on the cut of salmon, as well as what it was fed, but farmed salmon is still high in nutrients.'

Salmon not only contains Omega 3 but selenium and phosphorus, which are also important for health.

Andrew Opie, director of food and sustainability at the British Retail Consortium, said: 'Consumers take various factors into consideration when buying salmon, including its health benefits and the way it is produced, and they will weigh these up when choosing what to purchase in a supermarket.'

Salmon not only contains Omega 3 but selenium and phosphorus, which are also important for health

Phil Brooke, from Compassion in World Farming, said: 'Intensive fish farming is bad for fish welfare and the product only contains Omega 3 due to the wasteful consumption of feed containing fish oil.'

Wild salmon consume only fish oil, which they get from algae and smaller fish, but lose fatty acids from that fish oil, as they become leaner during the migration back from the sea to the river to spawn.

This means farmed fish, which are kept confined in cages within the sea, can contain more Omega 3 than the wild variety.

But vegetable oil is more accessible, sustainable, and also cheaper than fish oil for the expanding fish farming industry.

So more of this can be used, which substantially reduces the amount of Omega 3 in farmed salmon.

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Cheaper salmon is 'as good as premium farmed products when it comes to Omega 3', study shows

No comments have so far been submitted. Why not be the first to send us your thoughts, or debate this issue live on our message boards.

Farmed salmon can be fed fish or vegetable oils, but vegetable oils lack fatty acids found in seafood.

Government agencies monitor farmed fish for heavy metal content, and most farmed fish have heavy metal content lower than 1ppm.

Eating a variety of fish can reduce health risks, and consumers should consider health benefits and production methods when buying salmon.

The US Environmental Defense Fund has studied the risks associated with farmed salmon, and contamination cases have been detected in the US and other countries.

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Eating too much “farm salmon ” can cause cancer
© Fotolia / Deyan GeorgievFresh salmon in store
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A new medical study has revealed the risks of overeating salmon raised in farm ponds, confirming that it can lead to cancer.
According to a study by the US Environmental Defense Fund, eating salmon raised in farm ponds on a regular basis may increase the risk of cancer after multiple cases of contamination have been detected in the US and other countries.
"Risk analysis suggests that consumption of farmed Atlantic salmon may pose health risks that detract from the beneficial effects of fish consumption," the study said.
"Medical scientific findings, published in the Journal of Medical Sciences, suggest that cheap farmed salmon sold in stores may do more harm than good."
Eating farmed salmon more than once a month may be enough to increase the risk of cancer.
"In multivariate analyses, men with the highest concentrations of PCBs were twice as likely to develop prostate cancer than men with the lowest concentrations."
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Consumers should choose BPA-free canned salmon packages to minimize risks, and be aware of the potential health risks associated with consuming farmed salmon.

Overall, the use of additives in salmon farming is a complex issue that requires careful regulation and monitoring to ensure the health and sustainability of both humans and the environment.

The standards and regulations governing the additives used in salmon farming vary by country, with some countries having stricter regulations than others.

In Norway, the use of additives in salmon farming is regulated by the government, which has appointed scientists to report on the effects of fish farms on wild salmon.

What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

The regulations governing the use of additives in salmon farming can vary by farm, with some farms using more sustainable and humane practices than others.

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council certifies responsible aquaculture practices, including the use of safe and sustainable feed additives.

Title:

Content: ASC, Fortune Fish & Gourmet and Coastal Seafoods to Host Scary Good Certified Seafood Celebration

MINNEAPOLIS — October is known for two things: Halloween and National Seafood Month. To celebrate, the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), Fortune Fish & Gourmet and their Coastal Seafoods retail locations in Minneapolis have partnered to bring it all together, hosting the first-ever “Scary Good Certified Seafood Celebration” next week. The event aims to inspire and inform area culinary influencers on the benefits of responsibly raised, ASC-certified seafood.

The Oct. 26 invite-only reception will feature 50+ area media, seafood producers, distributors, retailers and social media personalities attending to taste and experience responsible aquaculture. Guests will learn more about the three organizations’ efforts to promote quality farm-raised seafood in the Twin Cities and nationwide, while enjoying an evening soirée mere days from All Hallow’s Eve. In true Halloween fashion, seafood-themed costumes and attire are strongly encouraged.

At the gathering, Coastal Seafoods’ chefs will serve up a selection of “ghoulishly good” Seared Aqua Grouper with Japanese Dressing, “spookily succulent” Del Pacifico Shrimp Ceviche and “frighteningly flavorful” Seared Verlasso Salmon with Toasted Corn Relish and Lime Crema. All seafood served is ASC certified and part of a larger promotion Fortune Fish is conducting from Oct. 15 – Nov. 15.

Gathering Brings ASC’s 2022 Local Market Tour Full Circle

The Scary Good Certified Seafood Celebration event will be the culmination of a series of activations ASC is conducting nationwide in 2022 – with emphasis in Miami, Minneapolis and Philadelphia – reinforcing how ASC’s leading global standards and sea green label help to ensure transparency and environmental and social responsibility, from farm to plate.

“Our 2022 local market event tour began in the Twin Cities last May, alongside Coastal Seafoods and Fortune Fish, where we served up over 4,000 certified shrimp tacos at the popular annual GrillFest. It’s only appropriate that our 2022 event tour comes full circle back in Minneapolis with the Coastal and Fortune teams during National Seafood Month,” said Athena Davis, ASC marketing manager, U.S. “We’re equally delighted to partner together on a variety of in-store and online promotions of fresh, responsibly raised and certified seafood for shoppers leading up to the holidays.”

Fortune, Coastal and ASC Partner for Customer Promotions

With two retail locations in the Twin Cities, Coastal Seafoods is part of Fortune Fish & Gourmet, the Midwest’s premier fresh and frozen seafood processor and specialty food distributor servicing Michelin star restaurants, James Beard Award winning chefs, hotels, country clubs and grocers.

The Coastal gathering also celebrates an Oct. 15 – Nov. 15 cross promotion ASC, Coastal and Fortune are conducting to showcase responsibly raised seafood for National Seafood Month and into the holiday season. Activities will include:

  • Special ASC-certified seafood items at Coastal Seafoods’ Minneapolis location.
  • Exciting offers and promotions on ASC-certified Fortune Fish & Gourmet products for Fortune customers.
  • Digital and in-person activations from all three organizations promoting the benefits of responsibly raised seafood.

“Working with an organization like ASC is important to what we do and who we are at both the Coastal stores and Fortune Fish,” says Chris Blankenbaker, director of retail for Fortune Fish & Gourmet. “Focusing on the future of sustainably farmed seafood and the producers who are doing things right is something we’re very proud of and want to share with our local communities. And it’s even better that we can have some fun with it along the way!”

About the Aquaculture Stewardship Council

Since 2010, ASC has been creating and enforcing the world’s strictest combinations of standards for:

  • Improving farmed seafood quality and safety.
  • Ensuring supply chain integrity from the farm to the store.
  • Providing the most comprehensive transparency through public disclosure.
  • Protecting the environment, workers and communities.

It’s the best way to ensure the seafood you’re buying is what it claims to be. For more information, visit https://asc-aqua.org/.

The Best Aquaculture Practices certifies environmentally responsible aquaculture, which includes the responsible use of feed additives.

Title:

Content: Black caviar from Neftchala became the first in the world: a historical achievement from Azerbaijan Fish Farm LLC photo
Azerbaijan Fish Farm LLC (AFF) is proud to announce a historic achievement: the company has become the world ’ s first sturgeon farm specializing in the production of black caviar, which has received the prestigious Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) certificate from the Global Seafood Alliance.
This prestigious certificate confirms AFF ’ s commitment to best practices in sustainable development in four key areas of responsible seafood production: environmental protection, social responsibility, food safety, and animal health and well-being.
In addition, it strengthens its position as the world ’ s first caviar producer to receive a BAP certificate.
As the world ’ s population continues to grow, the need for sustainable and responsible approaches to food production is becoming increasingly important.
Aquaculture, or fish farming, has become a vital solution to complement wild fishing that has reached its limits.
BAP is a leading seafood certification program that verifies every step of the production process, from hatcheries to processing plants, ensuring the delivery of safe and reliable farmed seafood.
Since its establishment in 2017, AFF has been at the forefront of innovative and sustainable fish farming and caviar production in Azerbaijan.
About Azerbaijan Fish Farm LLC
In 1954, one of the world ’ s first experimental aquaculture farms was established in the Neftchala region, which marked the beginning of sturgeon breeding in the region.
In 2017, the farm was privatized by AFF.
AFF ’ s approach to sustainable aquaculture seamlessly combines traditional and modern breeding methods, exemplified by the use of a recycling aquaculture system (RAS), a cage farming model, and modern coastal tanks.
The RAS system ensures optimal water and feed quality during incubation and in the early stages of fish life, creating an environment conducive to stress-free growth.
Distinctive capabilities of AFF are the use of both fresh water from the Kura River and salt water from the Caspian Sea.
This unique combination mimics the natural habitat of sturgeon fish and plays a key role in ensuring premium caviar quality.
The AFF also stands out for its commitment to environmentally friendly practices and efforts to preserve the environment.
The company organizes fish production activities, releasing 10 sturgeon fish for each caviar jar sold, contributing to the conservation of endangered sturgeon populations endemic to the Caspian Sea.
This demonstrates AFF ’ s commitment to the ecosystem and confirms the brand ’ s promises.
Currently, Azerbaijan Fish Farm LLC exports premium caviar to reputable markets including USA, UAE, Singapore, Hong Kong and others.
Having obtained BAP certification as evidence of its sustainable development efforts, AFF reaffirms its commitment to responsible caviar production, creating an industry precedent and strengthening Azerbaijan ’ s outstanding position in the global aquaculture arena.
About BAP Certification
The Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) certification is an internationally recognized program that evaluates and certifies responsible seafood production practices.
BAP adheres to environmental, social, food safety and animal welfare standards throughout the aquaculture production chain, providing consumers worldwide with safe and sustainable farmed seafood.
Azerbaijan Fish Farm: Marketing Manager Gunel Ismayilova
Contact number: + 99451 250 54 91
Email: [email protected].

The Global Ocean Convention aims to protect marine ecosystems, which includes ensuring the safety and quality of farmed salmon.

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Content: Is fish oil a marine killer?
Do the right thing to protect your health and the planet!
This Newsletter
In addition to celebrating World Water Day, March marks the first anniversary of the signing of the Global Ocean Convention by the United Nations for many years.
The ocean is one of the most important resources on the planet and has a direct impact on food, energy and the economy.
The objective of the Convention is to protect marine ecosystems and ensure the sustainable use of marine resources.
In recent years, because of Omega3 and the respected fish oil, because it is taken from the deep sea, it is often thought that it may be the accomplice of destroying the ocean. But if you can correctly choose the manufacturer with sustainable standards, pay attention to the three conditions including "place of origin", "mark", "certification" and so on, consumers can also contribute to global warming.
Fish oil mainly comes from deep sea fish, such as mackerel, cuttlefish, salmon and cod, etc. In order to obtain better quality deep sea fish, offshore fishing has become a necessary means for manufacturers.
Global warming awareness is high. After years of promotion of sustainability awareness, GOED, an organization that promotes EPA and DHA, established a sustainability committee, the United Nations Global Ocean Products Sustainable Supply Chain Program, and passed the Global Ocean Convention last year.
Last year, because of the introduction of four sustainable environmental certification of fish oil, the male health brand 95 Dan, which was discussed at the forum, pointed out that the focus on sustainability is not only the patent of large enterprises, in terms of fish oil, health food in addition to transparent ingredients, but also need to pay attention to whether the raw material manufacturers have met international sustainable norms, quality indirectly reflected in the annual SGS certification of heavy metals and other tests.
Choosing countries that are signatories to the Global Ocean Convention, such as Norway and Germany, is only the first step in selecting raw materials.
Today, to ensure that the process of products from raw materials to finished products can meet the concept of sustainability, a number of organizations have introduced certification marks, which can also be used as a standard for selecting sustainable products.
Such as the “Friends of the Sea ” logo certified by the World Sustainable Organization, which uses standard certification to screen consumers for reliable and sustainable suppliers; IFFO _ RS launched by the United Nations GMC; and the five-star IFOS certification that consumers are familiar with.
In addition to identifying labels, you can be smarter as a consumer! In addition to paying attention to the packaging or the official label when purchasing health products, the most important thing is to trace whether the product is a member of the United Nations Global Compact, the "GOED" organization, and whether the product has the original authorized logo of the raw material manufacturer. It is healthier to eat and safer to choose.
Protect marine ecosystems, safeguard fisheries resources, and mitigate the effects of climate change by choosing fish oil brands that are sourced from reliable sources and meet sustainable standards.
This is an advertisement, please continue reading.
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The Marine Stewardship Council certifies sustainable fisheries, which includes ensuring that feed additives used in salmon farming meet strict standards.

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Content: For a Model in Sustainable Sushi, Look No Further Than Oregon

From albacore to unagi, here’s how to spot responsibly sourced seafood on menus.

Normally, a casual night out for sushi doesn’t require much thought. The allure is being able to grab whatever salmon nigiri glides your way on the conveyor belt or trusting the omakase menu to guide you toward your next roll loaded with freshly sliced fish.

But in Oregon, every step of the seafood process has been meticulously thought out, from policy to plate, ensuring the most sustainable seafood option ends up on your table.

This can all be traced back to Portland Mayor Vera Katz, who drafted and adopted a first-in-the-nation set of urban sustainability principles nearly 30 years ago. The Sustainable City Principles continue to shape the city’s environmental policies to this day and, yes, make an impact on what’s inside your unagi and crab roll.

Her guidelines met the moment globally—adopted at a time when world governments first mobilized to respond to the threat of climate change—but also served as the guiding blueprint for the city’s efforts to mitigate harm on local wildlife and, in turn, permeated its sprawling food and bar scene.

Seafood, of course, has become increasingly vulnerable to climate change and overfishing, according to the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). And, as one of the greenest cities in America, Portland is a mecca for the sustainable seafood movement—from being the starting grounds for restaurants like Bamboo Sushi, the world’s first MSC-certified sushi restaurant, to pioneering local programs like the Endangered Species Act Program. What began as local policy has transformed a so-called “parochial backwater” into an all encompassing, globally known food culture that lives and dies by the mantra “local, organic, and sustainable.”

“Portland really blew me away,” says Top Chef star and James Beard nominee Gregory Gourdet, who moved from New York City to head Portland’s Departure Restaurant + Lounge more than a decade ago. “I was amazed with the produce, from the bounty of berries, hazelnuts, mushrooms, and seafood. We are so directly connected to the people who grow our food here. It makes a difference when you know who your farmer is and you’re having honest conversations about what they’re growing or can’t grow because of the heat waves or a snowstorm.”

For Gourdet—who’s opening his own restaurant, Kann, this summer in Portland—the decades-long push for more sustainable seafood, from its sourcing to transportation, is responding to the larger, urgent global issue of overfishing.

According to the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization, more than 35 percent of global fisheries are fishing at unsustainable levels, leading to rapidly depleting populations of seafood mainstays like bluefin tuna and salmon across the world.

With the global demand for seafood at historic highs, and with a growing number of fish populations on the brink of extinction, Gourdet says that both chefs and diners have a responsibility to heed the call to save our ocean’s ecosystems. “As chefs, there is an extra level of responsibility we all should have to help inform our guests,” he says. “It’s our responsibility as stewards of the land to offer options that are good for you and the planet.”

Hardly anywhere is this more evident than Portland’s own Bamboo Sushi, which now has expanded to nearly 10 locations in Seattle, Denver, and California. “It’s a finite resource, but we’re treating it like it’s an infinite resource,” says Bamboo chef Jin Soo Yang “We’re going to have to wake up to the day that this is not going to be ok.”

What does sustainable seafood actually mean?

While the term “sustainable” has become a nebulous marketing term, slapped on everything from laptops to fast fashion, Yang is clear-eyed about what it means for seafood. “It’s become too marketable. Now, everybody’s ‘sustainable.’” he says. “I want to stop using the word ‘sustainability.’ Let’s talk purpose. Let’s talk about the actions that we’re taking.”

At Bamboo Sushi, he’s crafted a research-heavy process to source ingredients for his chefs’ sushi creations, one that involves independent research, personal outreach to fishers on the scene, and cross-referencing certifications and endangered fish species from the Monterey Bay Aquarium (MBA), Asian Seafood Improvement Collaborative, and MSC.

The process is so intensive that Yang has created a supply chain and sustainability director position within the company, someone who directly communicates with fisheries and fishers to make sure that Bamboo Sushi is serving “the most sustainable product at the best price.”

“Let’s discuss different life cycles of fish, how long does it take for them to rebound, how long does it take for them to get to sexual maturity,” Yang explains. “Let’s look into the fisheries—who’s managing their fishery appropriately? Even if it’s scary or expensive, it’s a mission right? We’re here for a purpose.”

Gourdet says that he also deploys a similarly all-encompassing vetting process that utilizes resources like MSC and MBA, and considers the sustainability of the whole of the process, from the sourcing to the packaging to the carbon emissions generated from the transportation. “Oftentimes, I question shipping fish from all over the world, even if it is the most sustainable,” he says. “Do I really need to fly in salmon from New Zealand and what’s the impact of that on the environment even through it’s ‘sustainable seafood?’”

But, even research has its limits. When it comes to imported seafood from fisheries abroad, particularly Japan, Yang says there’s a frustrating lack of public information available on supply chain traceability and farming standards.

Take, for example, unagi or eel, which has been broadly deemed unsustainable because of opaque farming standards abroad and its rapidly depleting populations both in the U.S. and Japan. Yang says he’s been working for years to find sustainable sources of eel to serve at Bamboo Sushi—efforts that went unanswered until last year with the opening of American Unagi, the nation’s first glass eel farm. (The product is used in Bamboo’s Zig Zag Roll.)

“You’d be amazed at how much of a lack of information there is out there, depending on what fisheries in different countries feel comfortable telling us,” Yang says.

For both Gourdet and Yang, sourcing their ingredients locally from fishers and farmers is an integral part of their approaches to sustainability. Part of it is practical—it’s easier to vet fishing or farming practices when you directly know and interact with the fisher. Plus, there are lower carbon emissions involved with local transport and processing.

The menu at Bamboo Sushi heavily features albacore from Oregon—whether diners opt to drape it atop the popular Green Machine Roll or have it gently seared as nigiri. Other popular items include kampachi from Hawaii served with yuzu juice and truffle sauce and coho salmon from Alaska rolled alongside avocado and crispy kaiso. All told, Yang estimates that about 80% of the seafood served at the restaurant is domestic.

Sustainability beyond the menu

The other part of the sustainability ethos is philosophical. Both Yang and Gourdet believe that a true sustainability effort starts locally, and, true to Katz’s principles, is defined by how they support their local community, from their workers to the residents.

“We are a smaller community and we have direct relationships with so many of the people who grow food here,” Gourdet says. “It’s been extremely important to me that I am connected with the people who helped organize all of our great resources. Local is definitely the best choice when we talk about the bigger picture of sustainability.”

Yangs says that sustainability, for him, is also defined by how Bamboo Sushi treats its workers. While the nuts and bolts of sustainability as it relates to seafood matter, Yang says that he approaches the term “holistically” within his company. The restaurant offers one fully-paid eight-hour shift for employees to volunteer in the local community, whether that be at a soup kitchen or a trash pickup.

“Sustainability for us is not a gimmick, it’s an ethos,” Yang explains. “Our sustainability is the way we treat our people. We want to make sure that people understand that our sustainability is not just for the product we serve to our guests.”

It’s an ethos that Gourdet says that he hopes to create at Kann, his ode to Haitian cuisine (“The most delicious food in the world.”) and the bounty of Oregon. “Sustainability just means creating systems where everyone can thrive for a long time,” Gourdet says. “That means team mental health and having an equitable workplace. That’s a big part of it, too.”

How to prioritize sustainable seafood as a consumer

Both Gourdet and Yang recommend using the Marine Stewardship Council as a resource for vetting sustainable fish and fisheries, and for good reason.

Founded in 1997 following the collapse of the Grand Banks cod fishery in Canada, the MSC has spearheaded global efforts to curb overfishing through its sustainability standards and fishery certification program.

According to Dan Averill, MSC’s senior fisheries manager, the certification process is multi-pronged and intensive, taking place over a 12-month span and conducted by a third-party assessor. Averill says that a MSC-certified fishery must meet three requirements: it must fish from sustainable populations that can remain productive and healthy into the future, minimize its impacts on marine ecosystems, and maintain effective, adaptable fishery management that meets local, state, and federal fishing regulations.

Fisheries that meet the MSC’s certification standards can earn the nonprofit’s blue fish product label—a sign that a seafood product is ecological, from the fishery to the grocery store.

“The fishery must also undergo annual audits and re-certification every five years,” Averill says. “Fisheries are resilient and dynamic, so a fishery whose populations are struggling one year can be flourishing the next. So, that’s why there are checks and balances in the MSC program to make sure that fisheries are under regular surveillance for changing conditions.”

Beyond looking for the blue seal, if you’re at a restaurant and unsure of whether or not you’re engaging in sustainable consumption, Gourdet recommends using apps like Seafood Watch to see what fish populations are endangered and directly asking restaurants where they source their seafood.

“It’s important to not be afraid to ask your servers where your fish is from and whether it’s sustainable,” says Gourdet. “I think that’s a fair question and we as people who operate in hospitality should have those answers for you. It’s also important that people know what they’re putting in their bodies and where it comes from.”

The impulse to invest and participate in sustainable forms of consumption is natural. After all, Yang says, “our dollar is our vote,” but he implores consumers to directly engage with policymakers in charge of local, state, and federal policies, and to vote based on their convictions. After all, Portland’s sustainability culture didn’t just come out of nowhere: it was born from city policy crafted by Katz back in 1994, and built on by successive administrations.

“People always joke, ‘Write your local representative,’ but it works! They work for us,” Yang says. “If you want change, you have to be involved. You can’t let other people change it for you.”

Want more Thrillist? Follow us on InstagramTwitterPinterestYouTubeTikTok, and Snapchat.

Anthony Berteaux is a Japanese and American writer based in Los Angeles.

The use of additives in salmon farming can have significant impacts on the environment and human health, highlighting the need for sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices.

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Anticipating obsolescence: The next step to enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture

With growing concerns about the environmental toll of single species fish farms, a research project has been looking at the feasibility of introducing a more sustainable and potentially more profitable method of fish farming, using three complementary species.

Much as native American people planted squash, maize and climbing beans together to benefit each other, (often called the "three sisters"), farming finned-fish, shellfish and seaweeds together could benefit each other and reduce any environmental effects of fish farming. Small scale integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), as the system is called, has traditionally been used at a small domestic scale in Asia, providing the farmer with more than one product to sell or use.

The feasibility study conducted by Bangor University and published in Ecological Modelling has identified the locations around the Atlantic coast which would be most suitable for IMTA, based on farming salmon, and Oarweed, a type of kelp seaweed commonly found in temperate Atlantic coasts. The research considered the natural distribution of the three species, whether suitable locations clashed with busy shipping lanes or marine protected areas and whether there was close access to sizeable ports in order to reach markets.

The western coast of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland; Lough Swilly in County Donegal, Ireland, and the western coast of Brittany, northwest France were found to be the best locations to further develop IMTA based aquaculture.

As Conchúr Hughes of Bangor University's School of Ocean Sciences explained, "One of the problems with the type of single species aquaculture practiced in Europe is that excess food and feces can lead to deterioration of local ecology, while density can mean that aquaculture companies need to use antibiotics and other additives to maintain a healthy fish-stock.

"Mussels are filter feeders, they can be responsible for removing up to 54% of salmon waste materials from the , using it as energy to grow, while the oarweed removes soluble nutrients from the water column. Oarweed can then be farmed to use in a variety of products, from food supplements for human consumption or for fish farms, as a fertilizer or as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals.

"Each of these species complements the other and mitigates against problems."

IMTA-based aquaculture

Both salmon and mussels are important food sources in Europe, and while oarweed is not as yet, this is a sector that is expected to experience a rapid increase in demand in the coming years- and can provide an alternative sustainable source of fertilizer and other products.

Seaweed cultivation can also provide environmental benefits. The seaweed in the water acts as a buffer against as it approaches the shore, reducing the energy as it passes through the seaweed, much as trees act as a buffer against strong winds, which can help reduce erosion. It also elevates the pH and oxygenates the water.

More information: Conchúr Hughes et al, Habitat suitability modelling for an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system along Europe's Atlantic coast, Ecological Modelling (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110459

Provided by Bangor University

Citation: Anticipating obsolescence: The next step to enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture (2023, September 27) retrieved 27 September 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-09-obsolescence-sustainability-aquaculture.html
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Drug-resistant sea lice an increasing problem for B.C. fish farms, new study finds

By Melanie Nagy

Click here for updates on this story

    May 14, 2022 (CTV Network) — Every spring, endangered juvenile wild salmon migrate from B.C.’s rivers to the Pacific Ocean, but their numbers are dwindling and some fear sea lice parasites are increasingly to blame. Sea lice are tiny, oval shaped crustaceans that can cling to the backs of wild salmon, feeding on their skin, muscle tissue and blood. Adult fish are generally not harmed when a few lice attach themselves, but juveniles with underdeveloped scales can be harmed or killed when heavily infested. While the parasite occurs naturally in the waters off B.C.’s coast, there’s long been concern over outbreaks on aquaculture farms where open-net pens make it possible for lice to move from farmed fish to young migrating salmon. “Salmon farms act as this year-round reservoir for sea lice, potentially providing sea lice to wild juvenile salmon when they wouldn’t normally get them,” conservation biologist Sean Godwin said. Godwin is the lead author in a recent study that looked at the state of sea lice in the Pacific Ocean. Along with his fellow researchers, he found the parasite is increasingly becoming resistant to one of the main tools the industry relies on to combat the problem. “Our paper found that this tool, which is a pesticide known [as] SLICE, or emamectin benzoate, is becoming less effective and that sea lice are developing resistance to it on farms here,” Godwin said. To assess parasite resistance, “bioassay, treatment and salmon-louse count data from 2010 to 2021” were analyzed. During that time, the researchers found a notable decrease in the effectiveness of SLICE. “It is going to be more difficult for salmon farms to control sea lice outbreaks on their farms,” said Godwin. In the province’s stunning Clayoquot Sound, Bonny Glambeck routinely uses a fine-mesh net and a sample cup to test the waters near fish farms. Glambeck heads the Tofino-based conservation society known as Clayoquot Action and every year she monitors industry lice counts and tracks wild salmon infestations. “The control of sea lice on fish farms is something I do not believe the industry has ever been able to crack,” she said. “Parasites like these sea lice proliferate on these farms and then they can pass them on to wild salmon. With that, we feel that every year that goes by and these farms are allowed to pollute the waters with these infestations, they are just wiping out another generation of wild salmon.” Fisheries and Oceans Canada requires all fish farms in Canadian coastal waters to have a sea lice management plan. The federal department also places a limit of three lice per salmon during the spring when young salmon are out-migrating and are most vulnerable. In addition to that, the industry publicly reports lice counts on individual company websites every month. “The worry is that those lice levels might accumulate and then be released back to affect wild migratory salmon. The science doesn’t support that, but the concern exists so the industry responds to that,” said Brian Kingzett. Kingzett is the science and policy director with the BC Salmon Farmers Association. He says the industry has warned the federal government for years about the waning efficacy of SLICE, and has long called on Ottawa to approve new pesticide options. “There are other anti-parasite agents that have been approved in other areas of the world and we would certainly like to add that to our toolbox.” While SLICE is the only approved pesticide in Canada, it is not the only option for a fish farm struggling with a lice infestation. Kingzett says other environmentally friendly methods include the use of specialized delousing boats. One readily used vessel can suck fish from ocean-based pens into tanks where pressurized water is used to forcibly remove any attached lice. According to the industry, any dislodged bugs are collected by filters for disposal so they are not reintroduced to the marine environment. “During the last five years, the industry has spent about $100 million on importing new technologies,” Kingzett said. “Fish farming is an important industry in B.C. because we are facing a global seafood shortage and the farming sector is looking to provide sustainable, high-quality product.” The industry, however, is controversial and there’s been an ongoing battle to have all fish farms in the province removed. Earlier this month, there was a large protest in Tofino involving Indigenous leaders, conservationists and environmentalists. The group took to the waters near a local fish farm to voice their opposition to the industry and call on Ottawa to evict them. “It is a do-or-die moment for the salmon farming industry,” said Alexandra Morton, who is an independent biologist and longtime wild salmon activist. “We need to do whatever we can to save wild salmon populations because they are sadly on the verge of extinction.” In response, those in support of fish farms argue they are not a direct threat to wild salmon and are a vital industry. According to the BC Salmon Farmers Association, there are nearly 5,000 jobs linked to fish farms and at least $1 billion “in economic activity” is generated annually. Despite that, Ottawa has previously announced that it’s committed to phasing out open-net salmon farms in B.C. by 2025. In addition, it’s uncertain if 79 federal fish farm licenses expiring in June will be renewed.

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China Works to Get Wild-Caught Fish Out of its Aquaculture Feed

[By Zhang Chun]

A 2021 Chinese government initiative to stop aquaculture feed being made from only young or low-value fish and to instead start producing “compound feed” – mixed with ingredients harvested from the land – is opening up a greener future for the sector.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, in a series of trials last year, the sole use of low-value “feed-grade” fish as aquaculture feed was reduced by 77 percent, and by as much as 94 percent in farming of largemouth bass. Experts say the switch to compound feed could see overall use of feed-grade fish slashed by half for farming of certain species.

What is compound feed?

Compound feed normally contains a mixture of animal- and plant-based ingredients, and added nutrients such as vitamins. For aquaculture feeds containing fishmeal and fish oil, common additives include soy proteins, wheat gluten and corn gluten meal.

Feed-grade fish are those in a catch that are small, low in commercial value, or unsuitable for human consumption. They are sent to be processed into fishmeal and fish oil, or fed directly to farmed fish. But a significant proportion of feed-grade fish consists of juveniles of commercially important species. Once caught they can no longer grow into adult fish and breed, or be caught and sold on the market. Their removal damages ocean food chains and ecosystem stability.

The last decade and more has seen increased calls for China to tackle the use of feed-grade fish in aquaculture, but the current round of trials is the first organised by the Ministry of Agriculture. It focuses on species such as the yellow croaker, Japanese sea bass and largemouth bass, which tend to be fed more feed-grade fish. While those species don’t account for much of China’s fed aquaculture output, they do require much more protein than others to put on the same amount of weight. Compound feed cuts down on the use of fish by substituting vegetable alternatives, and is cheaper.

In the long term, sustained reductions in the use of fishmeal and fish oil in feed will be necessary to protect wild fisheries.

Aquaculture driving feed-grade fish catch

Fishers never used to set out to catch feed-grade fish; it was bycatch, with no economic value. Then in the 1980s, global aquaculture took off. “There was a lot of need for fishmeal and oil,” Rashid Sumalia, a fisheries researcher at the University of British Columbia, told China Dialogue. People started going out “purposely to catch them at distance, because there was a market”, he added.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) 2020 global fisheries and aquaculture report, the use of fish for reduction to fishmeal and fish oil peaked in 1994 at 30 million tonnes, and stood at 18 million tonnes by 2018. Another 4 million tonnes were used elsewhere, including directly in feed for aquaculture, livestock and fur animals.

It wasn’t until the mid and late 1990s that aquaculture took off in China. The FAO’s 1998 fisheries and aquaculture report describes how rare it was for fish catches in Asia to go unused or be used as aquaculture feed. But in Asia, particularly in China and Vietnam, aquaculture has expanded rapidly and the region now accounts for almost 90 percent of global output. In China, output tripled between 1998 and 2020, to represent 60 percent of the global total.

Although many of the species farmed in China need little or no feed, fed fish and crustacean aquaculture accounts for half of output and requires millions of tonnes of feed-grade fish from Chinese waters alone. China does not currently have statistics on its feed-grade fish catch or use in fed aquaculture. One study calculated that in 2016 4.6 million tonnes of feed-grade fish were caught, 35 percent of the total recorded catch in China’s waters, and most was used directly as feed.

“The state is certainly aware of the problem,” said Fang Qing, China general manager for the Aquaculture Stewardship Council, adding that the difficulty in banning some harmful types of fishing gear in China is due to the ongoing market for the feed-grade fish it brings in. Since 2018, China has put minimum size limits in place for 15 commercial fish species, and ruled that feed-grade fish catch would drop to below 20% by 2020. There is no data available indicating whether this target was met.

This it isn’t just a Chinese problem. According to a 2017 study by the University of British Columbia, many countries, including the US and Norway, use feed-grade fish directly as feed. But the practice increased significantly in Asia between the 1990s and 2010, with feed-grade fish coming to account for a high percentage of landed catches.

Replacing feed-grade fish

In early 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture announced it would work to make Chinese aquaculture more environmentally friendly, and proposed the use of compound feed instead of purely fish-based feed. In April 2021, several provinces started trials of compound feed as part of more concrete action plans.

Compound feed for aquaculture is usually a mix of fishmeal, fish oil, wheat flour, soybean meal, vegetable oil and other land-grown ingredients. The amount of fishmeal and fish oil needed depends on the type of fish to be fed, and its stage of growth. According to Fang Qing, carnivorous fish such as the yellow croaker need huge quantities of meat protein at certain stages in their growth, and the relationship between particular nutrients and the growth and physiology of the fish can be complex. Hence, producing appropriate compound feed involves a lot of research and development.

To quantify how efficiently a species is farmed, the aquaculture industry uses a ratio called Fish in:Fish out (FIFO). The closer the FIFO is to 1, the more fish meat is produced per unit of input; a score of 1 means an extra kilogram of fish used as feed results in an extra kilogram of fish to harvest.

A study published in 2020 shows a FIFO of almost 1 for salmon and trout, thanks to the use of compound feeds which require less fishmeal and fish oil. If only fish were used to feed those species, the FIFO figure would be similar to that of the yellow croaker – over 6, according to an upcoming paper co-authored by Zhang Wenbo, an assistant professor in the College of Fisheries and Life Science at Shanghai Ocean University. His research into conventional yellow croaker aquaculture in China found that the direct use of feed-grade fish is still the best option for the yellow croaker farmers. But Fang Qing told China Dialogue that a lot of feed-grade fish fed to yellow croaker goes uneaten, and ends up sinking to the seabed or rotting, causing pollution and increasing the risk of disease.

More compound feed use would help reduce FIFO numbers in two ways: by cutting use of feed-grade fish, and by increasing conversion ratios – that is, generating more fish growth per unit of feed.

Zhejiang is taking the lead in both those areas. Since 2016, the province has been shutting fishmeal factories during the closed season and restricting the percentage of feed-grade fish in the overall catch. This, combined with the use of compound feed, saw Zhejiang cut the use of feed-grade fish by 835,000 tonnes across 710,000 mu (474 square kilometres) of aquaculture farms during the 13th FYP period (2016-2020). “Previously, feed-grade fish were the primary feed for largemouth bass in Zhejiang. These last two years that’s almost all been replaced with compound feed.” The FIFO ratio for farmed largemouth bass in Zhejiang could come down to 1.5, half the national average for this species, according to 2016 calculations Zhang Wenbo contributed to.

But cutting back on feed-grade fish use in China won’t be easy. Fishers catch a wide range of fish with a wide range of gear. At the local level there is a lack of fisher associations that can impose rules on the sector, making management tricky. Zhejiang’s success can be ascribed to strong local regulations. “There are no successful [international] examples that China can apply,” said Fang Qing. Alongside legislation to bolster oversight of the feed-grade fish catch, he also suggests developing feeds which will be more palatable to fish, and labelling products according to their use of feed-grade fish or compound feed, so consumers can make an informed choice.

Increasing the efficiency of fish inputs

The use of compound feed isn’t the end of the story. At least for now, fishmeal and fish oil are essential ingredients in those feeds. And while the global supply of fishmeal and fish oil has fallen from its peak in 2000 to a fairly stable level, the demand for aquaculture feeds has been increasing. That requires the development of feeds containing less meal and oil.

Plans announced by Norway to boost salmon farming have led to concerns about the supply of fishmeal and fish oil as well as vegetable ingredients. The country has started researching the use of mesopelagic fish (which inhabit the middle depths of the ocean), algae and farmed insects to meet that need and make feed more efficient. A more complete solution would be to develop entirely vegetarian feeds, with no fishmeal at all. However, as things stand that would only be suitable for a few species.

“Fishmeal is the most expensive of the ingredients found in bulk feeds. Reducing the amount in those feeds is the best way to make them cheaper,” Zhang Wenbo points out. A tonne of fishmeal costs around 10,000 yuan (US$1,500), compared to 1,000–4,000 yuan for bran or soybean meal, he added. “Feed conversion ratios are also affected by the type of aquaculture, the make-up of the feed, and genetic selection – the breeding of strains more suited to compound feeds,” he said. This is more difficult in China, with its wide range of farmed species, than in Norway, where salmon dominates. But progress is still being made, and associated targets have been set in the 14th Five Year Plan (2021–25).

Increasing the efficiency of fishmeal and fish oil use in China will also ease global pressures on the supply and help protect juvenile fish. China is the world’s biggest consumer of fishmeal, with the largest part being used in aquaculture, and the second largest being fed to pigs. But the country only produces 400,000–700,000 tonnes of fishmeal a year – not even close to meeting domestic demand. Fishmeal imports have held steady since 2017, at about 1.4 million tonnes, but jumped to 1.82 million tonnes in 2021, with experts ascribing the change to the recovery in pig farming. The extra fishmeal came from the Americas and elsewhere in Asia.

Zhang Wenbo explains that China’s fishmeal and fish oil imports come from forage fish, caught specifically to be turned into fishmeal, and Peru is the main supplier. Relatively little of China’s fishmeal is made from feed-grade fish. “Imports of by-product processed fishmeal from Vietnam and Thailand have been increasing in recent years,” he said.

Minimizing the feed-grade fish catch

Cutting back on the use of feed-grade fish is good for the sustainable development of both wild fishing and aquaculture. It will also help protect already vulnerable ocean ecosystems. In 1959, fishing vessels in China’s Bohai Sea caught 420 kg of fish per net for every hour they worked. By 1993, that had fallen to 30 kg, and only 8 kg between 1998 and 2011. The above-mentioned research into China’s feed-grade fish catch found that a long-term stable total catch has masked trends including falling biomass and changes in end use.

The losses to biodiversity and ecological services cannot be measured in financial terms, and the fishing industry needs more than simply output. Wang Songlin, president and founder of the Qingdao Marine Conservation Society, believes the industry needs to work towards a balance of ecological, economic and social benefits. He told China Dialogue that even if total catch may still be the same by volume, the underlying destruction to the integrity of ecosystems and the environment should not be ignored.

Management of the sector in China has acquired a new ecological focus. Alongside the use of compound feeds, some provinces are providing fishery stewardship subsidies for the protection of rare and endangered species and for keeping down feed-grade fish catch volumes.

Protecting juvenile fish isn’t just a matter for China – it’s crucial for ocean ecosystems around the world. Rashid Sumalia said: “If you look at the economies and the ecology at the higher level, you don’t want to [catch feed-grade fish] because the losses are too high” to be sustainable. Sumalia acknowledges that many people rely on that fishing for their livelihoods but says: “We need to take it down as far as we can.”

Zhang Chun is a senior researcher at China Dialogue. This article appears courtesy of China Dialogue Ocean and may be found in its original form here

The opinions expressed herein are the author's and not necessarily those of The Maritime Executive.

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Content: Peacock Green, a carcinogen found in Pingtung ’ s noonfish! Professor: “3 reasons ” fishermen should be prescribed drugs for violating regulations
Journalist Yip Shing-yiu / General Report
The Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (8) announced on the previous day that 0.0024 ppm of cancer-causing substance "Peacock Green" was detected in domestic fish farmed with seafood, which cannot be detected in accordance with the provisions of the Animal Medicines Management Law, and the company "Jiechun Aquatic Products Co., Ltd." is the first violation, so Pingtung County has fined 60,000 yuan.
Professor Yang Zhaojing, a former dean of the College of Culinary Arts at Kaohsiung Hospitality University, said that the fish has always been loved by Taiwanese and has a higher economic value than other fish, but it is not easy to take care of it, so it has been heard of this illegal incident for many years.
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Lin Jinfu, deputy director of the Food and Drug Administration, said that the Food and Drug Administration conducted a sample of seafood products from January to February, and found that a domestic fish product raised in Taiwan detected peacock green 0.0024 ppm. The drug is mainly used to treat external skin infections caused by collisions or bites in water. Used to watch fish.
The FDA added that Peacock Green is the main metabolite of Peacock Green, a synthetic dye with antibacterial effects, and animal experiments have shown that the substance can cause weight loss and anemia in experimental animals, and also cause gene mutations in mice.
The economic value of this fish is higher than that of other fish species.
Professor Yang Chao-ching, a former dean of the College of Culinary Arts at Kaohsiung Hospitality University who now runs his own restaurant, "The Idea of Culture Kitchen," says that the illegal use of peacock green by lunchfish has been heard of for many years. This has also made more fishermen willing to join the ranks of fish farmers.
Lunchfish are highly regarded by Taiwanese people.
The larvae usually come ashore to lay their eggs before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, and are easy to catch at this time, hence the name.
In Taiwan, there are also legends such as "one afternoon, two red shirts, three mii, four chia", "one afternoon, three mii, three mii, four magga", etc., which can explain that many devotees believe that their status is higher than that of other species such as pennados and red shirts. Its delicious, in the Japanese Izakaya can eat lunch fish overnight dry, wine and rice are very suitable, so lunch fish is very popular with Taiwanese.
Lunchfish are fragile and not easy to care for
Because of their sensitive nature and difficulty in taking care of them, early fishermen were accustomed to high-density farming, and because of their fragile nature, they were vulnerable to collision and injury.
However, after all, Peacock Green is a carcinogenic substance, which should not be used according to the Animal Drug Administration Law, and in recent years, the government has also tried to strengthen the promotion of drug education and strengthen the sampling test, but unfortunately, there are occasional reports of children being tested for improper drugs.
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Content: [People Interview] Star Makeup Artist Dedicated to Fishery Business Conscience + Health Culture Law to Bring High Quality Seafood to Hong Kong People
Financial Intelligence 12: 37 2023 / 08 / 26
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Hong Kong has a lot of expensive goods and high wages, and the traditional farming industry is also facing many challenges.
Alex (Lin Zilong), the head of the “local culture ” fishery, is a well-known cosmetics and stylist. Every time he takes a bride ’ s makeup job, he“ leisurely ” bags 20,000 yuan; but 10 years ago he suddenly switched to the “fisherman ” ranks and almost devoted himself to the fishing business.
His original aim was to use "conscience" and "sustainable" farming methods to enable the public to buy local seafood at a fair price, and to revitalize the local fishing industry.
All four of them support you.
Dressed in a trendy, "bronze" Alex, 47 years old this year, has been fishing for nearly 14 years.
Originally a well-paid professional job, but resolutely turned to the profession, and engaged in the sunset industry in the eyes of the public, he admitted that it was "God's arrangement."
He loves waterskiing and has always had a passion for Banyan Tree in Sai Kung.
Coincidentally, an uncle who runs a fish steak near a water skiing school sold the fish steak because of his old age, and he decided to take over.
Having no knowledge of fish farming, he actively studied after becoming a fisherman. In addition to being in regular contact with fishermen and AFCD, he also took classes in the AFCD ’ s fish hatching classes and developed his own fish culture skills.
When he came into contact with more and more knowledge of the fishing industry, he discovered an important fact, that Hong Kong people actually have no choice in eating fish. "Although there are many seafood stalls in Hong Kong, there are many different kinds of seafood, but they basically have something in common, that is, they are not healthy."
[iM Interview] Conscientious fisherman aims to bring high quality seafood to Hong Kong people with health care culture method.
After many years of research, he came to the conclusion that "the harm comes from the mouth". "At present, the aquaculture industry uses many chemicals, such as pork has contraceptives, lean meat essence, and many vegetables and fruits are also added with preservatives. It is because we eat too much vegetable oil that causes us to develop chronic inflammation."
Click the image to enlarge
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Therefore, in recent years, Alex has worked hard to study the topic of health. In addition to shooting videos on social media from time to time to promote different health-related information, such as the safety of food and ingredients, he will also often organize tours for different communities such as the elderly and students with autism, regardless of cost, and hope to expose them to health information.
He is also physically active and uses a natural approach to fish farming, with no chemicals added throughout the process.
He pointed out that many new elements have been put into fish farming technology, such as starting in 2018 and until now, his fish have never used any chemicals to help them heal.
“I believe in nature, so the food I feed fish comes from natural feed, such as natural Chinese medicine, probiotics, compound nutrition, fruit vinegar, onion garlic and watercress. ”
When the fish are sick, they are placed in a bag filled with fresh water to help them recover with water with high oxygen capacity.
He also developed a machine called OzGen, one of the functions of which is to pump oxygen into fish ponds to produce pure oxygen, which won him a gold medal at the International Exhibition of Inventions in Geneva.
How powerful is this machine? Most fishermen fear the appearance of "dead current" and "stagnant tide", and the oxygen content in the water will drop, which will cause a large number of fish to die. Alex can measure the oxygen content of the fish raft at any time after using the pure oxygen machine developed by him. Oxygen is injected into the water to prevent the fish from starving to death.
He pointed out that the above equipment can greatly reduce the mortality rate. For example, fishermen who do not use an aerator, a cage of 1,000 fish, a "dead stream" appears, and may "die" about 400 fish, and the loss is heavy, so the survival rate of fish in Hong Kong is only about 60%.
And the fish in his farm, the survival rate in the past few years is more than 90%, "I will constantly increase oxygen in the water, so the cross infection rate of fish when sick, and the infection rate of parasites is much lower, but also because of the above technology, my fish do not have much chance of getting sick, so I do not need to use drugs." 」
From 24 / 8, Japan ’ s Shihto Prefecture has banned the import of aquatic products from Tokyo, including all live, frozen, refrigerated and dried aquatic products, see [Next]
Hematopoietic Subdivision Fish
At the same time, he insisted on adopting the "conscience" culture method, and subdivided fish were also adopted the "nerve blood method", which advocates humanitarianism, and live fish died in a painless, comfortable and relaxed state.
"The uncle we saw in the Hong Kong market subdivided fish, directly with a knife to beat the fish, the body of the fish is like a banana bent, bought home on the plate, it is also bent, even if the fish is very beautiful, its meat is also hard, because its muscles have been tense."
The advantage of using the "nerve blood method" is that the muscles of fish can be completely relaxed, the fish blood is clear, and the taste, taste and appearance are best preserved.
All locally raised fish are also stored at a low temperature of minus 40 degrees and then sent to major merchants for sale. The reason Alex insists on never selling live fish is to maintain the quality of the product, he admits: “Because I don ’ t believe in the water in the market! ”
At present, there are 5 types of locally raised fish, namely Huang Likang, Shikang, Perch, Fish and Fish. Among them, the price of Huang Likang may be cheaper than the price of mainland Huang Likang, which is sold in the market. There is an important responsibility behind it, "Why do I do this?"
Because my original intention of raising fish is that everyone can afford it.
I hope to sell healthy fish to the public at a low price, and everyone will have the opportunity to try it.
At the same time, we will also donate more than 100 Huang Lichang to the church every month, with the goal of hoping that more people can eat healthy fish.
【 Discount Offer 】 7-Eleven Limited Dola A Dream x Japan SOU ・ SOU Redeem Glass + Ceramic Plate with Stamp or yuu Points, See 【 Next 】
Many people think that fish farming in Hong Kong is a sunset industry, but Alex believes that the local fish industry “definitely has something to do ”.
“It is impossible to do the food business, especially with our emphasis on self-sufficiency and Made in Hong Kong.
His ultimate goal is to provide 10% of Hong Kong ’ s food fish supply.
“At the peak of 2021, I raised 300,000 fish in my entire fish farm. When there are 7.5 million people in Hong Kong, it is still a long way from 10%, so in addition to thinking about increasing the cultivation area, I also hope to educate more students to fish together, so there will be more supply. ”
The above content is excerpted from the cover story of iMoney Focus Issue 821.
Please click here for details.
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