Ocean acidification affects marine life, including cephalopods like cuttlefish, by altering their physiology and behavior.

High CO2 levels in the ocean can alter fish and possibly cuttlefish by changing their genetic transcription and immune function.

Rapid evolution may help cuttlefish adapt to ocean acidification, similar to some fish.

Ocean acidification can impact marine organisms, including cephalopods.

Ocean acidification in Indonesian waters can affect marine species like cephalopods.

Cephalopods' survival adaptations, like color-changing and ink use, are not well understood in the context of ocean acidification.

Ocean warming can affect octopus vision by reducing proteins that maintain lens transparency and clarity.

An octopus's brain is highly specialized for vision, with 70% dedicated to it.

Ocean acidification and warming can threaten crustacean species that are prey or predators of cephalopods.

Climate change can disrupt environmental signals, affecting cephalopod behavior and survival through ocean acidification.

Temperature changes affect cephalopod distribution and abundance by altering ecosystem energy balance.

Ocean acidification can impact the marine food web by affecting odor tracking in reef fish, sharks, and other species like cephalopods.

Ocean acidification affects cephalopods' survival, behavior, and distribution, impacting the entire marine ecosystem.

Cephalopods' complex behaviors and adaptations are influenced by their environment and vulnerable to ocean acidification.

There is limited information on how ocean acidification affects cuttlefish shell formation and strength.

Ocean acidification affects shell formation of certain sea creatures, like pteropods, but not cuttlefish.

Pteropods and possibly cuttlefish are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to their shell formation processes.

Ocean acidification increases in winter, potentially impacting marine species like cuttlefish.

Larvae are the most vulnerable life stage to ocean acidification, impacting cuttlefish and other marine species' survival and behavior.

Fish and possibly cephalopods can evolve rapidly to cope with ocean acidification, but more research is needed.

Ocean acidification may alter gene transcription, behavior, and potentially affect cuttlefish and other marine species.

High CO2 levels impact fish immune function and circadian clock, affecting marine species like cuttlefish.

Ocean acidification may impact the survival and behavior of fish, cuttlefish, and other marine species.

Kelp may help reduce ocean acidification, benefiting shell-forming organisms like cuttlefish, but more research is needed.

Kelp cultivation may protect bivalves, cuttlefish, and other cephalopods from acidification.

Ocean acidification threatens the survival and behavior of cuttlefish and other cephalopods by impacting mollusk shell formation.

Low alkalinity reduces shell strength in abalone, with potential relevance to ocean acidification's impact on cuttlefish.

Ocean acidification erodes abalone shells, impacting marine species like cuttlefish.

Ocean acidification may contribute to the extinction of cuttlefish and other marine species.

Sensitivity to acidification determines organism survival, with significant implications for cuttlefish and other marine species.

Understanding the impact of ocean acidification on cuttlefish shell formation is crucial for their survival in acidified waters.

Ocean acidification affects shellfish and crustaceans, potentially impacting cuttlefish and other marine species.

The search results lack information on how ocean acidification affects cuttlefish vision and sensory abilities.

Ocean warming reduces vision-related proteins in octopus eyes due to heat stress.

Octopus vision may deteriorate with ocean warming, affecting other cephalopods like cuttlefish.

The search results lack information on how ocean acidification affects cuttlefish vision and sensory abilities.

Ocean acidification affects odor tracking in reef fish and sharks, potentially impacting marine animals' sensory abilities.

Climate change disrupts environmental signals, affecting cuttlefish navigation and prey finding.

Temperature changes may indirectly affect the vision and sensory abilities of cuttlefish.

Climate change may affect the vision and sensory abilities of cuttlefish by impacting their brain development.

The search results lack specific information on ocean acidification's effects on cuttlefish, highlighting the need for further research.

Ocean acidification threatens marine calcifiers, but can be mitigated by adding calcium carbonate shell hash to buffer acidic conditions.

Ocean acidification, caused by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, dissolves calcium carbonate shells and skeletons, and is costly for marine calcifiers.

Research on acidification adaptation is necessary for marine calcifiers.

Ocean acidification threatens pteropods by making shell-building harder for them.

Understanding pteropod life cycles can help predict the impact of ocean acidification.

Population stability is essential for the survival of cephalopod species.

Sea butterflies, a type of cephalopod, are vulnerable to ocean acidification, especially in their larval stage.

L. rangii has a survival advantage over L. retroversa in acidified conditions.

Seagrass meadows can mitigate ocean acidification by increasing pH and providing a refuge for calcifying species.

Seagrass photosynthesis helps mitigate ocean acidification and climate change impacts.

Kelp deployment can mitigate ocean acidification by protecting oyster farms and bivalves.

Kelp cultivation can provide oyster farmers with additional revenue while reducing ocean acidification impacts.

Primary production can offset ocean acidification and should be a conservation focus.

International cooperation is necessary to mitigate ocean acidification's effects on cephalopod populations and develop conservation strategies.

Abalone cultivation can benefit from integrating seaweed to reduce ocean acidification impacts.

Total alkalinity affects abalone growth, and conservation should maintain optimal levels.

Ocean acidification affects organisms with calcium carbonate shells, impacting their growth, survival, and reproduction.

High CO2 levels cause global warming and ocean acidification, harming marine ecosystems and biodiversity.

Climate change may collapse certain crustacean and cephalopod species, highlighting the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Ocean acidification and warming reduce shrimp stocks in the Arabian Gulf, impacting people who depend on them.

Experts measure water temperature and pH levels to study marine life responses and develop conservation strategies.

Ocean acidification threatens marine ecosystems, so conservation strategies should reduce its impacts.

More protected marine areas are needed to reduce the impacts of ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification and warming occur at alarming rates, affecting marine communities' resilience.

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including cephalopods like cuttlefish, by altering their physiology and behavior.

Title:

Content: Carbon Dioxide Makes Ocean Acidification Study Suggests Rapid Evolution Could Make Fish Easier to Deal With
March 03, 2022 17: 00
Eastern Network Television
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Some fish can evolve rapidly to cope with ocean acidification.
(courtesy of Shutterstock)
In addition to causing climate warming, global emissions of large amounts of carbon dioxide will also cause sea water to become acidic, and marine life may be affected.
The study found that volcanic infiltration of high CO2 partial pressure, that is, high concentrations of CO2 dissolved in water, changes in the genetic transcription of fish, predict the response of wild fish to the continuous acidification of the marine environment.
The results show that some fish with faster rates of evolution may be more flexible in coping with ocean acidification, maintaining population size and diversity. One species of fish may be able to acidify the marine environment with its rapid evolution of gene molecular transcription regulation, but the population size and diversity of fish with slower rates of evolution are difficult to maintain in acidified environments.
As carbon dioxide emissions from human activities increase year by year, and the CO2 absorbed by the ocean continues to rise, causing the pH of seawater to decline and become acidic, scientists expect “ocean acidification ” on the surface of the world ’ s oceans, which may affect the physiology, growth and survival of some fish, and change some key behaviors that affect survival chances.
A team led by Celia SCHUNTER from the Faculty of Biosciences of the University of Hong Kong and the Swire Institute of Marine Science, along with foreign researchers, travelled to Papua New Guinea, the Pacific island nation, to extract the brains of six species of coral fish, including five species of finch and one species of celestial bream, from a carbon dioxide spill at the bottom of a volcano and about 500 m nearby coral reef. The organization conducts gene transcription group sequencing to understand the changes in fish gene transcription in the ocean acidification environment.
The results show that high CO2 partial pressure can cause transcription changes in genes related to circadian clock and immune function in several species, demonstrating that fish function is important in coping with acidifying environments, and that the core genes of circadian rhythms determine the 24-hour cycle of most species.
Immune-related regulation has been found in many species of fish in acidified environments, so regulation of the immune response may also be an important response to acidification, especially in nocturnal fish, which exhibit a greater proportion of immune regulation and are modulated in the opposite direction to diurnal fish.
In contrast to the fish body ’ s ability to regulate the pH value of the cells, the researchers found that the brain of the spinosus is used to maintain a large number of changes in potassium, sodium, chlorine and calcium ions that transmit signals in the carbon dioxide ooze. Corresponding changes are needed to cope with the acidification environment, but differences in the expression of related genes disappear when stress is reduced, and genes return to normal levels of expression.
Further research by the team found that this finch has evolved significantly faster than other fish over the past 15 million years, potentially giving it greater potential to adapt to environmental changes.
It is speculated that this species may have evolved molecular mechanisms to cope with future ocean acidification.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

High CO2 levels in the ocean can alter fish and possibly cuttlefish by changing their genetic transcription and immune function.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Rapid evolution may help cuttlefish adapt to ocean acidification, similar to some fish.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification can impact marine organisms, including cephalopods.

Title:

Content: Home of the Day
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In cooperation with the Foundation for the Advancement of Science and the Atomic Energy Agency
« Research » conducted a study on the impact of « acidification » on shrimp
The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), in cooperation with the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), completed a study project to investigate the impact of ocean acidification and ocean surface warming on the growth and abundance of local shrimp.
In turn, the head of the project, researcher Lamia Muslim at the Center for Environmental and Life Sciences Research at the Institute, said that there are many animals that contain in their skeleton or shell calcium carbonate, and changes in the pH of water can negatively affect these organisms, especially in the early stages of their life. The sea and some phytoplankton species, but that does not mean that this is a positive thing because the increased growth of these organisms can disrupt the food chain, biodiversity and ecosystem mechanisms and construction.
She added that the presence of large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to the occurrence of global warming and the rise of the surface of the oceans by between one and three degrees Celsius, and the rise of the water level to an amount ranging from 0.18 to 0.79 meters, which in turn leads to acidification and warming of the surface of the oceans, and therefore to change the chemistry of the ocean and threaten marine ecosystems.
She pointed out that the shrimp mothers were collected from Kuwaiti territorial waters during the breeding season to obtain eggs and shrimp larvae in sufficient numbers to conduct experiments on all stages of shrimp age, as the study experiments were conducted in the laboratories of the Institute in a controlled system simulating the expected climate changes in the future.
The results of the study confirmed that the warming of the surface of the oceans could have a greater impact than ocean acidification on the early life stages of shrimp larvae, as shrimp larvae exposed to high temperatures showed accelerated growth rates to reach the sizes of older shrimp, but with lower survival rates, it is very likely that lower survival and growth rates under future climate scenarios may lead to the emergence of smaller shrimp larvae. These larvae will undergo multiple molting processes over their life cycle making them vulnerable; furthermore, the study results suggest additional effects of combined exposure to ocean surface warming and acidification on egg-hatching success, survival, and shrimp larval development.
Al-Musallam said: “The study is fully consistent across the entire life cycle of the M Nair shrimp, where high mortality of larvae at low pH and high water temperature indicates a possible collapse of this species of crustacean under conditions of increased ocean acidification and future warming of the ocean surface, which also leads to a significant reduction in shrimp stocks in the Arabian Gulf due to overfishing or reduced larval growth due to climate change. ”
For his part, dr.
Dr. Saifuddin Iqbaluddin, from the Center for Environmental and Life Sciences Research, said experts regularly measure water temperature and pH levels and look at how marine life might respond to these changes in the coming decades.
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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification in Indonesian waters can affect marine species like cephalopods.

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Spatial variability of aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in Indonesian coastal waters

Spatial variability of aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in Indonesian coastal waters

Published 15 February 2024 Science Leave a Comment
Tags: chemistry, field, Indian, South Pacific

Highlights

  • Regional disparities reveal lower Ωarag in Pari, Lombok; higher levels in Selayar, Flores.
  • Salinity impact ranges 24.13%–52.92%, showing a negative sea surface temperature-Ωarag correlation.
  • Climate change projections for 2100 predict substantial Ωarag reduction in Indonesian coastal waters.
  • The susceptibility to ocean acidification suggests coral reefs deteriorate by 2100, except for those in the coastal waters of Selayar Island.

Abstract

The effects of Ocean acidification (OA) on the coastal waters of small islands in Indonesia have yet to be extensively studied. This research aims to investigate the process of OA in the coastal waters of small Indonesian islands and examine how land-sea interactions impact carbonate mineral saturation. We collected seawater samples from seven locations on small islands in Indonesia between 2015 and 2021 to analyze the aragonite saturation state. The result shows that most of Indonesia’s coastal waters are accompanied by supersaturation of aragonite saturation state (Ωarag>1). Selayar Island’s waters had the highest aragonite saturation, averaging 4.96 ± 0.48, while Pari Island’s coastal waters had the lowest, averaging 2.49 ± 0.50. Salinity had the greatest effect on Ωarag in all of the sampling sites, ranging from 24.13% to 52.92%, except Aceh Island, where temperature had a greater impact (34.35%) than salinity (26.99%). By the end of this century, Ωarag is predicted to decline based on projections related to climate change. Small island coastal waters are expected to experience a more substantial decline compared to those near the mainland, ranging from 4.71% to 79.58%. The coastal waters of Weh and Selayar Island are probably going to decline the greatest, while the coastal waters of Sorong (mainland) are probably going to decline the least. All seven sampling locations are expected to observe the decrease. This decline will be observed at all seven sampling locations, with Ωarag values ranging from 1.91 to 3.35.

Afdal, Bengen D. G., Wahyudi A. J., Rastina, Prayitno H. B., Hamzah F. & Koropitan A. F., 2024. Spatial variability of aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in Indonesian coastal waters. Marine Environmental Research 195: 106377. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106377. Article (subscription required).

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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Cephalopods' survival adaptations, like color-changing and ink use, are not well understood in the context of ocean acidification.

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Scientists know how octopuses and cuttlefish can disguise themselves as colors of the environment or soil to hide from predators.
But the specialists of the Department of Physics and Biology of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology learned about this ability in squid in early April, who conducted a number of experiments.
“When the oval squid were in the part of the aquarium with clean water, they were light in color, but when they got into the part with algae, they became darker.
Scientists stressed that in addition to opportunities to study the new abilities of squid, the study reveals yet unknown to science adaptations for their survival, ” — reported on the website of the Institute.
According to Dr. Ryuta Nakajima, a visiting researcher, squid usually hover in the open ocean, but scientists were interested in figuring out what happens when they approach a coral reef or if they are chased by a predator on the ocean floor.
"If the ability to mimic is important for squid when encountering a predator, it indicates that increasing or decreasing squid populations is dependent on coral reef health much more than we thought," said Dr. Nakajima.
The ability of squid to change color was discovered by chance.
At the Institute ’ s Marine Science Station, researchers cleaned a tank for marine animals to remove the overgrown algae.
They noticed how the squid changed color while in purified water or hovering over the algae.
A control experiment proved that squid really can change color depending on their environment.
Earlier, researchers at Harvard University said that the increase in the temperature of the oceans increases the concentration of mercury in fish and shellfish.
Mercury is a natural chemical element that is present in air, water and soil.
For the human body, it is toxic, but this element is contained in some types of fish.
Experts have told, the use of which fish can be harmful to health.
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Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean warming can affect octopus vision by reducing proteins that maintain lens transparency and clarity.

Title:

Content: Gazeta.Ru in Telegram
It turned out that the warming of the oceans spoils the vision of octopuses
University of Adelaide: Octopus eyes blurred due to heat stress
Australian biologists from the University of Adelaide found that the heating of the water of the oceans due to climate change negatively affects the vision of octopuses.
The study was published on the official website of the scientific institution.
"We found several proteins important for vision that are affected by heat stress.
One of them is a structural protein, which is found in large quantities in the lenses of the eyes of animals and retains the transparency and optical clarity of the lens, and the other is responsible for the regeneration of visual pigments in the photoreceptors of the eyes.
"Levels of both of these proteins have been significantly reduced in the face of projected ocean warming, suggesting that octopus vision is likely to deteriorate even further," explained Dr Kiaz Hua.
The eyes remain the main sense organ for octopuses.
In these animals, 70% of the brain is responsible for vision, which is 20% than in humans.
Scientists have also found that higher water temperatures accelerate the metabolism of octopuses, make them smaller and change the distribution area of some species of these mollusks.
In addition, the warm ocean has a negative effect on the reproduction of the octopus, reducing the number of eggs that spawn.
In some cases, entire broods remained unhatched, the researchers noted.
Earlier it became known that octopuses are the oldest animals with sex chromosomes.
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An octopus's brain is highly specialized for vision, with 70% dedicated to it.

Ocean acidification and warming can threaten crustacean species that are prey or predators of cephalopods.

Climate change can disrupt environmental signals, affecting cephalopod behavior and survival through ocean acidification.

Title:

Content: 21: 00, November 15, 2023
2 min.
How climate change is changing the brain and behavior of animals
Due to global warming caused by human activities, the habitat on Earth is changing more and more.
This leads to an increase in temperature, rapid changes in rainfall and seasons, and ocean acidification.
How do animals deal with this?
Population Connection
In the response of animals to climate change, their nervous system plays a key role.
Due to its basic functions (sense detection, mental processing of information, behavior control), animals are oriented in the environment, can survive and reproduce.
Because of temperature changes, the energy balance of ecosystems is changing.
It is likely that this will also affect their basic senses, from sight and taste to smell and touch.
Mammals partially perceive temperature with the help of special receptor proteins in their nervous system.
These proteins respond to heat and cold, helping to distinguish between moderate and extreme temperatures.
Due to these proteins, animals can also look for a suitable habitat.
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Climate change disrupts the environmental signals that animals rely on when choosing their habitat, finding food, and partners.
Temperature shifts, for example, change where and when mosquitoes look for hosts, how they transmit diseases.
In addition, seasonal changes in daylight can lead to disconnection between daylight hours and flowering and fruiting of plants, changes in hibernation and migration of animals, when daylight hours no longer predict the availability of resources.
Due to the increase in temperature, the development and functioning of the brain of animals can be
This could also potentially affect their ability to adapt effectively to new habitats.
Scientists have found out how extreme temperatures can change individual neurons at the genetic and structural levels, the structure of the brain as a whole.
For example, in the marine environment, ocean acidification can affect the tracking of odors in reef fish and sharks.
Because of climate change, animals can change their habitat.
These behavioral shifts will change the structure of ecosystems around the world with complex and unpredictable consequences.
It is known that the brain of animals is very flexible and can significantly change even in adults.
However, studies have revealed a strong influence of the environment on the evolution of the brain.
Most likely, the new climatic regimes will eventually form nervous systems, causing them to develop.
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Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Temperature changes affect cephalopod distribution and abundance by altering ecosystem energy balance.

Ocean acidification can impact the marine food web by affecting odor tracking in reef fish, sharks, and other species like cephalopods.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which abilities of sharks and reef fish are impacted by ocean acidification?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification affects cephalopods' survival, behavior, and distribution, impacting the entire marine ecosystem.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will alter their key behaviors
it will affect their survival

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Cephalopods' complex behaviors and adaptations are influenced by their environment and vulnerable to ocean acidification.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

There is limited information on how ocean acidification affects cuttlefish shell formation and strength.

Title:

Content: Newswise — When carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the oceans, it can make the water more acidic, which is called ocean acidification. This can make it harder for some ocean creatures, like pteropods, to build and keep their shells. Pteropods are important for the ocean environment.

Pteropods are small sea creatures, including shelled sea butterflies. Not much is known about them because of their size, and they don't survive well in captivity. A team of marine scientists studied the life cycles, abundance, and seasonal changes of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, where climate change is happening quickly.

Dr Clara Manno, a researcher at the British Antarctic Survey and the corresponding author of the study published in Frontiers in Marine Science, said that the decrease in pteropod populations in the Antarctic Ocean could have significant consequences for the food web and carbon cycle. She also said that understanding the life cycle of this important organism could help to predict the impact of ocean acidification on the Antarctic ecosystem.

Population stability essential for species survival

To study the life cycle, abundance, and seasonal variability of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, a team of marine scientists collected sea butterflies in a sediment trap, a sampling device that was anchored at a depth of 400 meters. Since observing the entire life cycle of sea butterflies in a laboratory setting is impossible, the researchers had to gather information about their spawning, growth rate, and population structure. They were able to reconstruct the sea butterflies' life cycle for a year using the samples from the sediment trap.

The scientists found that the two most commonly collected species, Limacina rangii and Limacina retroversa, have different life cycles and therefore have different levels of vulnerability to changes in the ocean. During the winter months, L. rangii, which is a polar species, can be found as both adults and juveniles, while L. retroversa, a subpolar species, is only found as adults during the winter.

Sea butterflies that exist during the coldest season are more vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification. This is because ocean water is more acidic during this season than during other times of the year due to cooler temperatures that increase CO2 dissolution in the ocean. The researchers explained that the life stages of sea butterflies during this time are more exposed and vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification.

L. rangii has a survival advantage over L. retroversa because both adults and juveniles coexist during winter, which reduces the risk of population instability if one cohort is vulnerable. In contrast, if one cohort is removed from L. retroversa, the entire population could be at risk.

Prolonged exposure is a survival challenge

The researchers pointed out that although the two species are affected differently, both are likely to suffer harm if they are exposed to unfavorable conditions for prolonged periods.

The scientists cautioned that the intensifying and prolonged events of ocean acidification overlap with the spring spawning period, posing a threat to the most vulnerable life stage, the larvae. This could endanger the future populations of sea butterflies.

The research team plans to further study the sea butterflies in the Scotia Sea to see how they would be affected by the increase in the intensity and duration of ocean acidification events. They will study multiyear sediment trap samples to identify potential changes in the life cycle that may occur due to environmental changes. Dr Jessie Gardner of the British Antarctic Survey, lead author of the study, said this will be the next step in their research.

Journal Link: Frontiers in Marine Science

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification affects shell formation of certain sea creatures, like pteropods, but not cuttlefish.

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

Pteropods and possibly cuttlefish are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to their shell formation processes.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification increases in winter, potentially impacting marine species like cuttlefish.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Larvae are the most vulnerable life stage to ocean acidification, impacting cuttlefish and other marine species' survival and behavior.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Fish and possibly cephalopods can evolve rapidly to cope with ocean acidification, but more research is needed.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification may alter gene transcription, behavior, and potentially affect cuttlefish and other marine species.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

High CO2 levels impact fish immune function and circadian clock, affecting marine species like cuttlefish.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification may impact the survival and behavior of fish, cuttlefish, and other marine species.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Kelp may help reduce ocean acidification, benefiting shell-forming organisms like cuttlefish, but more research is needed.

Title:

Content: Newswise — STONY BROOK, NY, May 25, 2022 – While kelp is known as a nutritious food item for sea creatures and humans alike, harvesting kelp may be a new way to help keep bivalves such as clams and oysters – a more common food source and marine industry staple – healthy and more abundant. A new study led by Christopher Gobler, PhD, and a team of scientists at the Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (SoMAS) shows that the presence of kelp significantly reduces ocean acidification, a result of climate change.

Published in Frontiers in Marine Science, the study also demonstrated that the deployment of kelp on an oyster farm nullifies ocean acidification and therefore protects bivalves against acidification. The process may also have additional ecosystem and aquaculture benefits, including the sequestration and extraction of carbon and nitrogen, and protection against harmful algae blooms.

For shellfish, one of the most serious climate change-related threats is ocean acidification. Carbon dioxide or CO2 levels in Earth’s atmosphere continue to rise, infiltrating oceans where it causes chemical reactions that lower pH and cause ocean acidification. For the past two decades, one of the most robust conclusions of ocean climate change research has been that increasing levels of CO2 in surface waters threaten shellfish that rely on higher pH waters to grow and survive. This threat is particularly acute in coastal zones where additional sources of acidity can further reduce pH and slow shell formation in shellfish, especially bivalves. And while many wild populations of bivalves have collapsed, a burgeoning wave of aquaculture in the U.S. and around the World has caused the global production of seafood via aquaculture to grow and now exceed wild capture.

“Despite this wave of aquaculture, the intensification of ocean acidification now threatens bivalve aquaculture and has necessitated a solution,” explains Professor Gobler, the Endowed Chair of Coastal Ecology and Conservation at SoMAS.  “We believe our work is foundational to a solution.”

In the study, titled “Kelp (Saccharina latissima) Mitigates Coastal Ocean Acidification and Increases the Growth of North Atlantic Bivalves in Lab Experiments and on an Oyster Farm,” Professor Gobler and colleagues conducted six experiments to assess the effects of elevated CO2 and presence of kelp (S. latissima) on the growth rates of three different species of bivalves: (Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), and hard clams / Northern quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria).

In each of the experiments, acidification was significantly reduced with the cultivation of kelp. They furthered the research with the ultimate test – a field experiment at the Great Gun oyster farm in Moriches Bay, New York.

They found that during a one-month deployment, oysters that were surrounded by kelp enjoyed higher pH water and grew significantly faster than individual shellfish located further away where the pH of the water was significantly lower.

Professor Gobler and colleagues emphasize that these findings have powerful implications for oyster farming in coastal zones.

“We have been witnessing coastal ocean acidification for years and have documented its ability to slow the growth, and even kill off, shellfish. We began growing kelp on oyster farms to simply expand aquaculture, regionally. After seeing its ability to rapidly take up CO2 and improve low pH conditions, we knew it had the potential to benefit shellfish experiencing acidification. And while showing that in the lab was exciting, being able to improve the growth of oysters on an oyster farm experiencing coastal acidification proves this approach can have very broad applications,” explains Professor Gobler.

Overall, the research clearly shows, according to the authors, that “the cultivation of kelp constitutes an environmentally friendly means of protecting shellfisheries against present and future ocean acidification and other coastal stressors.”

Building on the work, helping the oyster farms

“We’ve helped grow kelp on 10 oyster farms across New York since 2018 and more and more aquaculturists have been hoping to incorporate kelp into their farms,” says Mike Doall, Associate Director of Shellfish Restoration and Aquaculture at Stony Brook University. “In addition to providing crop diversification and additive revenue streams, the ability of kelp to fight ocean acidification gives these oyster farmers one more reason to add kelp as a second crop.”

The recent study builds on other research by the same SoMAS group, which published a study in Harmful Algae in 2021. That study demonstrated that kelp has the ability to deter the intensity of harmful algal blooms, another environmental threat to shellfish aquaculture.

Such scenarios with kelp appear to create a win-win scenario for oyster farmers like Paul McCormick, owner of the Great Gun oyster farm where the current study was performed.

“Kelp looks to be the perfect complement to oysters on my farm,” says McCormick. “It grows during winter and spring, when the oysters need less attention, and there is lots of interest in kelp from restaurants. If it is offering protection to my oysters against poor water quality, well that’s another good reason to add it to my farm.”

Citations:

Young, C. S., Sylvers, L. H., Tomasetti, S. J., Lundstrom, A., Schenone, C., Doall, M. H., & Gobler, C. J. (2022) Kelp (Saccharina latissima) mitigates ocean acidification and increases the growth of North Atlantic bivalves in lab experiments and on an oyster farm. Frontiers in Marine Science, Volume 9 | Article 881254

Sylvers, P. H., & Gobler, C. J. (2021). Mitigation of harmful algal blooms caused by Alexandrium catenella and reduction in saxitoxin accumulation in bivalves using cultivable seaweeds. Harmful Algae, 105, 102056.

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Frontiers in Marine Science

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Kelp cultivation may protect bivalves, cuttlefish, and other cephalopods from acidification.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification threatens the survival and behavior of cuttlefish and other cephalopods by impacting mollusk shell formation.

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Content: There were 1,541 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 466,409 in the last 365 days.

The effect of total alkalinity on growth performance and calcification in juvenile Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai

The effect of total alkalinity on growth performance and calcification in juvenile Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai

Published 5 October 2023 Science Leave a Comment
Tags: biological response, calcification, dissolution, laboratory, mollusks, morphology, North Pacific, physiology

A 45-day trial was conducted to study the effect of seawater total alkalinity (TA) level up- and downregulation on the growth performance and calcification of Haliotis discus hannai Ino, while seawater pH was maintained at pHNBS = 8.1. Although seawater was not acidified, the results showed that TA downregulation caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the somatic tissue growth of juvenile abalone, while TA upregulation significantly increased growth performance (P < 0.05). Similar to the impacts of pH reduction, TA downregulation also induces a decline in CO2 buffering capacity, which may be the reason why somatic tissue growth was reduced, as lowered CO2 buffering capacity was reported to shift the acid-base balancing of abalone. Parts of the periostracum layer weremissing and exposed the inner shell layers of the individuals from the TA-downregulated group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed calcium carbonate densely deposited onto the inner shell in the control and TA-upregulated groups, while sparsely deposited calcium carbonate was observed in the TA-downregulated group. The C: N ratio in the shell of individuals from the TA-downregulated group was significantly lower than that of the other two groups, indicating that less inorganic carbon was added to the shell. As a result, abalone grew lighter and thinner shells in TA-downregulated seawater. Although seawater was not acidified, TA downregulation also caused a reduction in the calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω), which induced the erosion of the surface shell and the interruption of calcium carbonate generation. In conclusion, although seawater pH remained at ambient levels, the lowered CO2 buffering capacity and Ω induced by seawater TA downregulation also showed a detrimental effect on the growth and calcification of Pacific abalone. The impact of ocean acidification on the growth of abalone should not be assessed using only seawater pH and/or pCO2 but rather taking into account all of carbonate chemistry, particularly the CO2 buffering capacity. Abalone cultivation is suggested to be carried out in seawater with a higher level of CO2 buffering capacity and Ω, which can be achieved through integrated culture with seaweed or increasing the seawater TA level.

Zhang M., Li J., Jiao M., Tang Y., Li A., Liu L., Liu L., Xue S. & Mao Y., 2023. The effect of total alkalinity on growth performance and calcification in juvenile Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Marine Environmental Research 192: 106209. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106209. Article (subscription required).

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Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
Three key factors confirmed: deoxygenation, water temperature rise and acidification
March 02, 2022 09: 22 | Source: Science and Technology Daily
Small number
Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, March 1 (Reporter Zhang Mengran) According to the latest issue of "Paleontology" magazine, by analyzing how now-extinct sea creatures once lived, a team of geoscientists at the University of Hamburg in Germany directly linked their extinction to the following climate change: declining oxygen content in water, rising water temperatures and ocean acidification.
The late Permian is characterized by the largest mass extinction event in Earth ’ s history. 252 million years ago, a series of volcanic eruptions in Siberia led to the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases.
Over the next few thousand years, the climate eventually warmed by 10 ° C.
As a result, on land, about 75% of all living things went extinct; in the ocean, the figure was about 90%.
These changes are similar to current trends.
Researchers say the Permian findings cannot be applied one-on-one to modern climate change.
The two climatic systems differ too much, yet they do show which features are essential for survival or extinction under similar conditions.
The team analyzed more than 25,000 records of 1,283 marine fossils from southern China, such as bivalves, snails, sponges, algae and crustaceans, all of which have mineral skeletons or shells.
Their fossil remains can be dated using a special method that provides insight into marine ecosystems millions of years ago.
The team also leveraged a vast database that provided a variety of ecologically relevant information about how these creatures lived.
For each genus, the researchers analyzed 12 of these criteria to identify certain survival-related traits.
With the help of machine learning, all of these factors were analyzed simultaneously, and the team compared the results to determine which organisms existed before, during, and after the mass extinction.
The team ’ s new findings shed light on the four most important factors that make it possible for organisms to survive the end of the Permian: where they live in water, how mineralized their shells are, the diversity of species within their genus, and their sensitivity to acidification.
Using the new game theory approach, the team succeeded in revealing the survival of a variety of organisms: some live in deeper water, where worsening hypoxia poses a risk.
By contrast, animals that live near the surface have to cope with rising water temperatures.
Also, if a creature has only one limited habitat, it has nowhere to go when that particular habitat becomes uninhabitable.
The findings identify which biometrics are "potentially lethal."
The team ultimately confirmed that mass extinctions can be directly attributed — suggesting that these could also be the three main causes of long-term extinctions in future climate crises.
Editor-in-Chief Circle
Declining oxygen levels in the water, rising water temperatures, ocean acidification — scientists have identified the culprits responsible for the extinction of marine life hundreds of millions of years ago.
These three reasons, which are not surprising, are also entirely logical deductions.
Only, it clearly reveals the catastrophic consequences of climate warming.
These three phenomena seem to be unremarkable, and because of this, it is actually very easy to appear.
As the article says, we cannot directly correspond to today ’ s climate in the Permian, nor can we directly regard the Permian mass extinction as today ’ s pessimistic assertion.
However, no matter what geological period, life is equally fragile, and they do not have enough time to adapt to a sudden climate crisis.
(Editor: Wang Zhen, Chen Jian)
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it will affect their physiology and growth

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Content: Thin fish, small catches: can Japan’s sushi culture survive climate crisis?

·5 min read

There is little at Shiogama seafood market to suggest that Japanese consumers could one day be deprived of their favourite seafood – from giant crab’s legs simmering in a winter nabe hotpot to spheres of salmon roe resting on a bed of rice wrapped in nori seaweed.

Stalls heave with huge sides of bluefin tuna, expertly transformed into more manageable portions by knife-wielding workers, while early-morning shoppers pause to inspect boxes of squid, flounder and sea pineapples landed only hours earlier.

Despite the bounty on display in this small port town, a growing body of scientific evidence – backed up by anecdotes from fishermen – points to a bleak future for Japanese cuisine as a result of the climate emergency.

Miki Seino, a Shiogama stallholder, flashes a look of weary recognition when the Observer points at her display of sanma – or Pacific saury – an autumn delicacy in Japan, where it is often served grilled or raw as sushi and sashimi.

“The catches are smaller, and the fish are thinner than they were a few years ago. We have heard about how rising sea temperatures are affecting catches here in Tohoku,” said Seino, referring to the region in north-east Japan. “And they are a lot more expensive now.”

Japan’s fisheries agency has cited changes in the marine environment due to global heating as the cause of smaller catches of saury, as well as squid, salmon and other staples of the Japanese diet.

The emergence of warm water masses in the Kuroshio – a warm north-easterly ocean current off the east coast of Japan – has pushed saury’s spawning migratory path further offshore, where food is less plentiful, resulting in depleted stocks and poorer quality fish.

Dr Aiko Yamauchi, vice-president of Seafood Legacy, a Japan-based consulting firm that supports sustainable seafood businesses and environmental groups, says catches of species venerated by the Japanese have been in steep decline since 2014.

It is possible, Yamauchi said, “that other fish species will experience poor catches similar to or worse than at present. We are very concerned that if this happens, the majority of Japanese fisheries, which supply around half of the country’s seafood, will be exposed to serious damage.”

Hundreds of miles south-west of Shiogama, fishing communities in Kochi prefecture are fretting over large catches of unusually fatty skipjack tuna, a local delicacy often eaten raw.

Kochi’s arc-shaped bay has traditionally been a fertile fishing ground, but bigger fish could be a warning rather than a blessing. The average surface temperature of the bay in winter has risen by 2C over the past four decades – meaning there is more food for the fish. But in the long term, warmer waters could spell disaster, preventing mineral-rich water from rising to the surface, resulting in fewer smaller fish to feed on – and fewer skipjack tuna.

Shin-ichi Ito, a professor at Tokyo University’s Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, said rising sea temperatures meant some species, including yellowtail and Spanish mackerel, were now being found in unusual locations.

“These species are being caught further north than they were 10 years ago, and this could be the result of climate change,” he said, adding that other hardy perennials of Japanese cuisine were under threat, including kelp on the northernmost main island of Hokkaido and, near the mouth of Tokyo Bay, seaweed used to make nori.

Not even sushi’s pungent accompaniment is safe, according to experts. They say the increasing frequency and severity of storms is destroying wasabi farms, while rising temperatures are threatening farmers’ ability to cultivate the delicate vegetable, which can only grow in water kept at a consistent 10-15C throughout the year.

Salmon, another sushi staple, is also at risk, Ito said. “Fish are unable to control their own body temperatures … the only option is for them to migrate northwards.” Simulations of sea temperature changes, he added, suggest that salmon could disappear from the waters around Hokkaido in Japan’s far north in a matter of decades.

“These changes will inevitably affect the Japanese diet as some species disappear, but they also mean we will see more invasive species,” he said.

A future in which crustaceans have disappeared from the menu seems unthinkable, but ocean acidification risks making that a reality. A rise in seawater temperature makes it more difficult for shellfish and crustaceans to form calcium carbonate, adversely affecting the growth of popular seafood such as scallops, clams and oysters, as well as crabs and shrimps.

“Most people can’t grasp how serious these problems are because they feel they will occur far into the future after they are long gone,” Ito said. “What happens in the year 2100 isn’t their problem … but we are at a tipping point now.”

Jun Hoshikawa has witnessed changes to the local catch first-hand from his home on Yakushima island, a Unesco world natural heritage site of natural beauty where he has lived for four decades. He is seeing fewer yellowtail, but bigger numbers of fish that used to be found further south. “The northern shift in habitats is likely to become a wider trend for many marine species as a result of rising sea temperatures”, said Hoshikawa, a former executive director of Greenpeace Japan.

“Unfortunately, most Japanese people haven’t yet noticed the subtle changes in the seafood they’re eating, although I expect that to change in the coming years.”

As mid-morning approaches, Shiogama market is filling up with regular customers and tourists who can mix and match ingredients to create their own kaisen donburi – raw seafood on rice, seasoned with soy sauce and wasabi.

The dish is a celebration of local produce that changes with the passing months. Seino, though, wonders for how long. “We are selling fish in the autumn and winter that we used to have only in the summer,” she said. “It feels like the seasons don’t matter any more.”

Reuters contributed reporting

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Ocean acidification threatens marine calcifiers, but can be mitigated by adding calcium carbonate shell hash to buffer acidic conditions.

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Content: There were 1,862 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 393,697 in the last 365 days.

Utilizing biogeochemical and genetic tools to understand and support clam populations in a changing ocean

Marine bivalves are at risk due to anthropogenic climate change. This poses a threat to commercial aquaculture, and the communities that depend on bivalves for food security. Ocean acidification, the lowering of seawater pH, is of particular concern for marine calcifiers, including bivalves. Ocean acidification occurs as carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere at a rate faster than natural geologic processes can buffer. It is energetically costly for marine calcifiers like clams, mussels, and oysters, to mineralize under acidic conditions, and low pH leads to the dissolution of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons. This problem warrants research on acidification adaptation strategies that will keep coastal populations healthy. Adding calcium carbonate shell hash to coastal sediments may mitigate negative effects of acidification on infaunal shellfish by altering the chemistry of pore fluids, thus providing a potential mitigation strategy for local populations, including species like the Pacific littleneck clam (Leukoma staminea).

Here, I present the first in-depth description of the shell mineralogy, microstructure, body size variability, and geochemical properties of modern L. staminea, a common eastern Pacific, shallow, infaunal bivalve. Additionally, I document the impact of ocean acidification on the shell growth and gene expression of L. staminea, and test whether adding shell hash to its infaunal environement can promote growth under acidified conditions. Juvenile clams were raised in four experimental conditions for 90 days: control seawater, acidified seawater, control seawater with shell hash, and acidified seawater with shell hash. Clam shell weight, soft tissue weight, and new shell growth were measured. The presence of shell hash increased the pH, alkalinity and aragonite saturation state of pore fluids across all treatments, and increased shell growth on average, although growth metrics were variable across and within treatments. Lastly, RNA-sequencing revealed the impacts of experimental acidification on juvenile clam gene expression. Clams grown in the presence of shell hash had gene expression profiles more similar to those grown in control (non-acidified) conditions. In all, this research suggests that adding shell hash to coastal sediments alters the chemistry of pore fluids and buffers against acidic conditions that deleteriously affects clam mineralization.

Kempf H., 2024. Utilizing biogeochemical and genetic tools to understand and support clam populations in a changing ocean. PhD Thesis, University of California, Davis. 33 p. Thesis (restricted access).

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Seagrass meadows can mitigate ocean acidification by increasing pH and providing a refuge for calcifying species.

Title:

Content: There were 1,566 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 464,440 in the last 365 days.

Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae

Higlights

  • Sea urchin larvae were grown at ambient or low pH in tanks with or without plants.
  • Plant photosynthesis increased pH and altered seawater chemistry at both pH levels.
  • Positive effects of plant metabolism on larval development and growth at low pH
  • Seagrass meadows as a tool against climate-driven loss of calcifying species

Abstract

Foundation species have been widely documented to provide suitable habitats for other species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Nonetheless, their role in rescuing stress-sensitive species from adverse conditions due to climate change remains often unexplored. Here, we performed a mesocosm experiment to assess whether the seagrassPosidonia oceanica, through its photosynthetic activity, could mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on larval development and growth of the calcifying sea urchinParacentrotus lividus. Sea urchin larvae at early and late developmental stages that are generally associated to benthic habitats, were grown in aquaria with or without P. oceanica plants, under ambient or low pH conditions predicted by the end of the century under the worst climate scenario (RCP8.5). The percentage of abnormal larvae and their total body length under different experimental conditions were assessed on early- (i.e., pluteus; 72 h post-fertilization) and final-developmental stages (i.e., echinopluteus; 30 days post-fertilization), respectively. The presence of P. oceanica increased mean daily pH values of ∼0.1 and ∼0.15 units at ambient and low pH conditions, respectively, compared with tanks without plants. When grown at low pH in association with P. oceanica, plutei showed a ∼23 % reduction of malformations and echinoplutei a ∼34 % increase in total body length, respectively, compared with larvae developing in tanks without plants. Our results suggest that P. oceanica, by increasing pH and altering seawater carbonate chemistry through its metabolic activity, could buffer the negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms and could, thus, represent a tool against climate-driven loss of biodiversity.

Ravaglioli C., De Marchi L., Giannessi J., Pretti C. & Bulleri F., 2024. Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae. Science of the Total Environment 906: 167465. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167465. Article.

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Content: There were 974 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 451,057 in the last 365 days.

Editorial: the changing carbonate systems in coastal, estuarine, shelf areas and marginal seas

Editorial on the Research Topic
The changing carbonate systems in coastal, estuarine, shelf areas and marginal seas

Global atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from 320 ppm in the 1960s to the present-day value of 420 ppm, primarily due to anthropogenic activities. This increase influences the seawater carbonate system, impacting the marine ecosystem. There are still gaps that need to be resolved for predicting how these marine systems respond to current and future CO2 levels. Any actions to mitigate the change in pH will require adaptive management of multiple stressors across several spatial scales. Combined, these perspectives yield a more comprehensive picture of events during ocean acidification (OA).

This Research Topic brings together articles from different regions, including coastal, estuarine, and shelf areas and marginal seas, all susceptible to changing atmospheric conditions, riverine inputs, air-sea CO2 exchanges, and multiple acid-base reactions that can alter carbonate chemistry. Articles on the long-term trends of CO2 system descriptors and the interactions with calcifying organisms were also sought. The present Research Topic is primarily based on original articles devoted to carbonate systems in the marginal seas, but it is a pity that some interesting papers dealing with freshwater inflows, estuaries, and related coastal areas were not accepted.

Fransson et al. examined the effects of glacial and sea-ice meltwater on ocean acidification in the waters near the 79 North Glacier (79 NG) and the northeast Greenland shelf. The researchers investigated various ocean acidification factors and the influence of freshening, primary production, and air-sea CO2 exchange. One of the key findings was that the biological removal of CO2 through primary production played a crucial role in offsetting the negative impact of freshwater dilution on the aragonite saturation state (ΩAr), which is a measure of ocean acidification. This compensation effect was most pronounced in 2012, especially in the vicinity of the 79 NG front, where there was a significant presence of glacial meltwater and surface stratification. In 2016, a different scenario was observed, with a more homogenized water column due to sea-ice meltwater. In this case, the compensation effect of biological CO2 removal on ΩAr was weaker compared to 2012. The study also suggests that in the future, with ongoing climate and ocean chemistry changes, the increasing influence of meltwater may surpass the mitigating effects of biological CO2 removal. This could lead to unfavorable conditions for organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons. Thus, all the proposed factors need to be closely monitored as they could have significant implications for marine ecosystems and calcifying organisms in the face of ongoing environmental changes.

In a study by You et al., the researchers assessed ocean acidification in the Western Pacific using boron isotopic analysis in a large tropical coral core from Lanyu Islet in Southeast Taiwan. They used a well-preserved coral skeleton (Porites lobata) for detailed major and trace element analysis, including boron (B) and its isotopes (δ11B), as well as stable isotopes of oxygen (O) and carbon (C). Their primary objective was to investigate environmental changes during the period from 1991 to 1997. The coral records revealed a distinct temporal trend in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) based on elemental/calcium ratios on both annual and monthly scales. Notably, the most temperature-sensitive proxy, Mg/Ca-SSTs, indicated a significant warming trend during the study period. The researchers also observed subtle changes in the annual δ11B record, corresponding to a pH decrease of approximately 0.2 units. This change was consistent with other coral records in the Pacific, in-situ measurements of pH and pCO2, and model predictions, highlighting the impact of human-induced ocean acidification. When combined with Mg/Ca-SST data, the intra-annual coral data exhibited a clear seasonal cycle, with higher pH levels during the winter, aligning with surface ocean pCO2 patterns. These chemical and isotopic findings in corals underscore the value of marine biogenic carbonates as informative tools for reconstructing oceanic pH changes.

Rivaro et al. investigated freshwater inflow into the Ross Sea in Antarctica, particularly through the eastern gate and along the Ross Ice Shelf. They conducted a survey during the austral summer of 2019-20 to assess the contribution of Amundsen Sea Water (ASW) to salinity variations. The researchers used data on total alkalinity (AT), pH, temperature, and salinity to analyze the properties of the carbonate system, including total inorganic carbon, pCO2, and the calcium carbonate saturation state of aragonite and calcite (Ω), along with the Revelle factor. They also estimated anthropogenic carbon (Cant) using the TrOCA method to gain insights into the carbon cycle and its impact on ocean acidification due to atmospheric CO2 uptake. The study found that changes in the carbonate chemistry of surface waters were primarily influenced by physical properties. AT and pH were effective indicators of the entry of ASW, demonstrating limited mixing between different water masses in the shelf area. Additionally, shelf waters were enriched in Cant, leading to levels lower than what was estimated for shelf waters generated in the western Ross Sea.

Ingrosso et al. investigated the factors influencing the absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Cant) in the Ross Sea, an area known for its capacity to absorb carbon due to its cold waters, high primary productivity, and unique circulation on the Antarctic continental shelf. The researchers focused on the carbonate system to assess the current levels of anthropogenic carbon and understand how physical and biological processes regulate Cant sequestration along the shelf-slope continuum. They found that the Winter Water mass, formed during convective events, contained high levels of Cant due to the mixing of layers during the cold season. In contrast, the older and less-ventilated Circumpolar Deep Water entering the Ross Sea had minimal anthropogenic carbon contributions. The study also revealed variations in Cant content between different areas, such as polynyas and the shelf break, influenced by their distinct hydrographic and biological characteristics. The intense microbial activity in these regions consumed a significant portion of particulate organic carbon, leading to the release of CO2 into the intermediate and deep layers of the continental shelf zone. The findings underscored the importance of summer biological activity over the Ross Sea shelf in facilitating the transfer of anthropogenic CO2 between organic and inorganic carbon pools. This process contributed to ocean acidification in the upper mesopelagic zone and the long-term sequestration of Cant in the deep ocean.

Hassoun et al. conducted a comprehensive review of ocean acidification (OA) research in the Mediterranean region using data from the United Nations’ International Atomic Energy Agency’s Ocean Acidification International Coordination Center (OA-ICC) database and an extensive survey. Their analysis revealed several important knowledge gaps in understanding OA trends and biological impacts in the semi-enclosed and densely populated Mediterranean Sea. These gaps are attributed to disparities in OA research capabilities among Mediterranean countries and the intricate, long-term interactions among biological, chemical, and physical factors. The study highlighted an uneven distribution of OA research efforts across the region, with the Algero-Provencal and Ionian sub-basins being the least studied areas. Furthermore, the carbonate system in coastal zones remains inadequately quantified, and there is a scarcity of long-term time series data in the Mediterranean, making it challenging to assess OA trends along the coast. While certain groups of organisms, such as autotrophs (algae, phanerogams, phytoplankton), mollusks, and corals, have received considerable attention in research, others, including microbes, small mollusks (particularly pteropods), and sponges, have been relatively understudied. Despite available resources and agreements for enhanced and coordinated OA governance, there is a lack of consistent OA policies in the Mediterranean Sea. To address these challenges, the article offers recommendations based on their literature review and insights from the Mediterranean OA scientific community.

Curbelo-Hernández et al. conducted an analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO2) system, anthropogenic carbon (Cant) inventory, and air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) in the waters surrounding the Macaronesian archipelago. They found that variations in CO2 levels were primarily influenced by temperature changes, biological activity, and advection processes driven by differences in the Canary Upwelling System, mixed layer depth, mesoscale activity, and circulation patterns. Surface CO2 levels (fCO2,sw) were found to be influenced by biological production and the injection of CO2-rich water in tropical waters, while temperature fluctuations played a significant role in subtropical waters. The study also examined the factors that control changes in the total inorganic carbon normalized to a constant salinity (NCT) in the upper ocean. The research revealed an increase in the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon compared to preexisting levels, as calculated using the TrOCA 2007 approach, which served as an upper limit for NCT. The importance of the organic carbon pump diminished in subtropical waters, while the carbonate pump had minimal contribution. Regarding FCO2, the area behaved as a CO2 sink during the winter, but strong outgassing was observed over the Cape Blanc filament. To enhance understanding in this region, the authors compared their data with existing datasets (SOCAT and GLODAP) and provided a new set of equations for calculating fCO2,sw, Cant, and FCO2 in the Macaronesian area.

All these studies emphasize the urgency of addressing ocean acidification and its multifaceted impacts on marine ecosystems. They call for continued monitoring, research, and international cooperation to better understand and mitigate the effects of rising CO2 levels on our oceans and the life they support.

Ogrinc N., Giani M. & Faganeli J., 2023. Editorial: the changing carbonate systems in coastal, estuarine, shelf areas and marginal seas. Frontiers Marine Science 10: 1325363. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1325363. Article.

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International cooperation is necessary to mitigate ocean acidification's effects on cephalopod populations and develop conservation strategies.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Abalone cultivation can benefit from integrating seaweed to reduce ocean acidification impacts.

Total alkalinity affects abalone growth, and conservation should maintain optimal levels.

Ocean acidification affects organisms with calcium carbonate shells, impacting their growth, survival, and reproduction.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

it can kill shellfish
it slows their growth

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

High CO2 levels cause global warming and ocean acidification, harming marine ecosystems and biodiversity.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Climate change may collapse certain crustacean and cephalopod species, highlighting the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification and warming reduce shrimp stocks in the Arabian Gulf, impacting people who depend on them.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Experts measure water temperature and pH levels to study marine life responses and develop conservation strategies.

Ocean acidification threatens marine ecosystems, so conservation strategies should reduce its impacts.

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Content: Sun. Nov 20th, 2022

This is a small proportion in view of conservatively projected $step one

Because the within , more than twenty four mil km2, or 17 %, off seas around national legislation (to two hundred nautical kilometers of shore) have been included in safe areas, over doubling in the the quantity since 2010

On average, one.dos percent regarding federal search finances are spent on water research between 2013 and you can 2017, having amounts anywhere between 0.02 per cent so you’re able to nine.5 %. 5 trillion contribution of the ocean towards the all over the world economy inside 2010.

Of a lot Says enjoys ratified or acceded into United nations Meeting on feeld review Rules of your Ocean (168 events) as well as using plans (150 people toward Agreement regarding the utilization of Area XI of your Us Seminar on the Rules of one’s Water and 91 functions towards United nations Fish Stocks Arrangement). Numerous Claims features followed these products thanks to court, policy and you may institutional buildings, but further advances becomes necessary in a number of developing places, particularly the least set up regions.

Waters and you can fisheries went on to help with the global population’s monetary, public and you can environment means whenever you are distress unsustainable exhaustion, environment destruction and you may carbon dioxide saturation and you may acidification. Current jobs to guard trick marine surroundings and you can quick-measure fishers and you may buy sea technology commonly yet , fulfilling the new immediate need to include that it huge, sensitive capital.

The ocean assimilates up to 23 % of your own yearly pollutants from anthropogenic carbon dioxide toward surroundings, helping to alleviate the impacts regarding weather change on the planet, although not, ultimately causing a bringing down pH and you can acidification of one’s water. A separate water acidification analysis portal suggests an increase in variability into the pH plus the acidity of one’s waters of the 10 to 31 per cent in the period 2015–2019.

The brand new sustainability off globally fishery info continues to decline, regardless if at the a diminished rates, with the ratio regarding fish stocks within biologically alternative account from the 65.8 % when you look at the 2017, down out of 90 per cent when you look at the 1974 and you may 0.8 fee area less than 2015 profile.

The new expansion away from protected elements having marine biodiversity and you can established rules and you may treaties that prompt in control entry to ocean resources are still insufficient to fight new undesireable effects regarding overfishing, increasing ocean acidification due to weather changes and you may worsening seaside eutrophication

Because the within , how many parties to the Arrangement towards Port State Procedures to get rid of, Deter and you can Eliminate Unlawful, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing – the original joining in the world agreement you to particularly needs illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing – risen to 66 (like the Eu) away from 58 in the earlier year, and you will nearly 70 % out of nations stated rating at the top of the fresh implementation thereof.

The share of alternative marine grab fisheries remained steady at around the globe height, with regional adaptation, representing the biggest contribution with the GDP within the Pacific brief isle development States and you will the very least build countries, averaging 1.55 and 1.15 percent, correspondingly, in 2011 to help you 2017.

Once the vast amounts of somebody count on oceans due to their livelihood and you may dinner source as well as on the fresh new transboundary characteristics regarding waters, improved jobs and you can interventions are needed to cut and you can sustainably have fun with water information at all profile.

  • Water acidification is caused by new consumption off atmospheric Carbon-dioxide of the the sea, and this change this new chemical substances constitution of one’s seawater. Long-label observations from ocean acidification for the past thirty years has found the typical increase from acidity regarding 26 per cent given that pre-commercial times, and also at which rates, a rise off a hundred to help you 150 % try predicted from the the termination of the newest century, having really serious effects to possess marine life.
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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

More protected marine areas are needed to reduce the impacts of ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification and warming occur at alarming rates, affecting marine communities' resilience.

Ocean acidification and warming occur at alarming rates, affecting marine communities' resilience.

Ocean acidification and warming occur at alarming rates, affecting marine communities' resilience.