Ocean acidification affects marine life, including cephalopods and octopuses, by altering their physiology and behavior.

The pH level decreased from 8.3 to 7.9 between the 1980s and 2019, impacting marine ecosystems by reducing shellfish populations and shell size.

Cephalopods, like octopuses, are vulnerable to ocean changes, including warming, which affects their vision, metabolism, and reproduction.

Ocean acidification can affect the nervous systems and behavior of marine animals, including cephalopods.

Ocean acidification has increased by 26% since pre-industrial times, with the ocean absorbing 23% of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

Reducing pollution, promoting seagrass and kelp growth, and implementing place-based actions can help mitigate ocean acidification.

Raising awareness and promoting sustainable practices can help mitigate ocean acidification's effects.

Ocean acidification's effects on cephalopods are not well-studied, but ocean warming is known to affect octopus vision.

Heat stress reduces vision-related proteins in octopus eyes.

Warmer waters accelerate octopus metabolism and reduce their size, potentially impacting their ecological role.

Ocean warming alters octopus distribution and reproduction, reducing egg spawn numbers and causing unhatched broods.

Ocean acidification affects pteropods, which are crucial for the ocean environment and the food web.

The ocean contributes $5 trillion to the global economy, with 65.8% of fish stocks at sustainable levels, but has acidified by 26% since pre-industrial times.

High school climate justice clubs can raise awareness about ocean acidification and inspire action to reduce carbon emissions.

Integrating UN Sustainable Development Goals into the curriculum can raise awareness about ocean acidification and its impacts on marine life.

Ocean acidification is a complex issue requiring a comprehensive approach to address its impacts on marine ecosystems and coastal economies.

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including cephalopods and octopuses, by altering their physiology and behavior.

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Content: Carbon Dioxide Makes Ocean Acidification Study Suggests Rapid Evolution Could Make Fish Easier to Deal With
March 03, 2022 17: 00
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Some fish can evolve rapidly to cope with ocean acidification.
(courtesy of Shutterstock)
In addition to causing climate warming, global emissions of large amounts of carbon dioxide will also cause sea water to become acidic, and marine life may be affected.
The study found that volcanic infiltration of high CO2 partial pressure, that is, high concentrations of CO2 dissolved in water, changes in the genetic transcription of fish, predict the response of wild fish to the continuous acidification of the marine environment.
The results show that some fish with faster rates of evolution may be more flexible in coping with ocean acidification, maintaining population size and diversity. One species of fish may be able to acidify the marine environment with its rapid evolution of gene molecular transcription regulation, but the population size and diversity of fish with slower rates of evolution are difficult to maintain in acidified environments.
As carbon dioxide emissions from human activities increase year by year, and the CO2 absorbed by the ocean continues to rise, causing the pH of seawater to decline and become acidic, scientists expect “ocean acidification ” on the surface of the world ’ s oceans, which may affect the physiology, growth and survival of some fish, and change some key behaviors that affect survival chances.
A team led by Celia SCHUNTER from the Faculty of Biosciences of the University of Hong Kong and the Swire Institute of Marine Science, along with foreign researchers, travelled to Papua New Guinea, the Pacific island nation, to extract the brains of six species of coral fish, including five species of finch and one species of celestial bream, from a carbon dioxide spill at the bottom of a volcano and about 500 m nearby coral reef. The organization conducts gene transcription group sequencing to understand the changes in fish gene transcription in the ocean acidification environment.
The results show that high CO2 partial pressure can cause transcription changes in genes related to circadian clock and immune function in several species, demonstrating that fish function is important in coping with acidifying environments, and that the core genes of circadian rhythms determine the 24-hour cycle of most species.
Immune-related regulation has been found in many species of fish in acidified environments, so regulation of the immune response may also be an important response to acidification, especially in nocturnal fish, which exhibit a greater proportion of immune regulation and are modulated in the opposite direction to diurnal fish.
In contrast to the fish body ’ s ability to regulate the pH value of the cells, the researchers found that the brain of the spinosus is used to maintain a large number of changes in potassium, sodium, chlorine and calcium ions that transmit signals in the carbon dioxide ooze. Corresponding changes are needed to cope with the acidification environment, but differences in the expression of related genes disappear when stress is reduced, and genes return to normal levels of expression.
Further research by the team found that this finch has evolved significantly faster than other fish over the past 15 million years, potentially giving it greater potential to adapt to environmental changes.
It is speculated that this species may have evolved molecular mechanisms to cope with future ocean acidification.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

The pH level decreased from 8.3 to 7.9 between the 1980s and 2019, impacting marine ecosystems by reducing shellfish populations and shell size.

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Rise In CO2 Levels In Air Is Wounding Sundarbans' Marine Life: Scientists

This has been analysed by a team of marine scientists working in the Sunderbans, who said ocean acidification is a part of global warming and climate change. The experts found the pH level of water dropping from around 8.3 in the early 1980s to approximately 7.9 in 2019.

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A continuous increase in the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the air is harming the marine life of the Sunderbans estuary in West Bengal by turning it acidic. Animals, especially with shells such as oysters, clams, crabs, and lobsters, are prone to danger.

This has been analysed by a team of marine scientists working in the Sunderbans, who said ocean acidification is a part of global warming and climate change, Hindustan Times reported. The experts found the pH level of water dropping from around 8.3 in the early 1980s to approximately 7.9 in 2019.

Speaking to the media, Abhijit Mitra, former head of the marine science department (Calcutta University), informed that the western part of Sunderban, close to the urban area, had observed a massive drop in its pH level, while the central part is declining slowly.

Mitra said the decline affects the population of shelled organisms and their shell size as well, which has become thinner and smaller. Fishermen said that several fish and other animals have gotten smaller, and they hardly get big ones.

Their population has also fallen by 35-40 per cent in the western area.

"The size of Saccostrea cucullata, a species of edible oyster around Kakdwip and Namkhana fishing harbour, has dropped by over 40 per cent. In the central Sunderbans, the size of the species has dropped by around 20 percent," the media quoted him as saying.

Asst. Professor of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Punyasloke Bhadury, explained that water contains calcium and carbonate ions, which the shelled animals need to develop and corals to build the reef. But the acidity reduces these components in the water, affecting the shell size and slowing down the growth of reefs.

Experts said the decline in the pH level is alarming. Just as the slightest drop in the pH level of a human body (pH 7.35 to 7.45) can make them sick, the same takes a heavy toll on marine animals.

The scientists said the decline is not just in Sunderbans but other estuaries as well.

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How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Cephalopods, like octopuses, are vulnerable to ocean changes, including warming, which affects their vision, metabolism, and reproduction.

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Content: Gazeta.Ru in Telegram
It turned out that the warming of the oceans spoils the vision of octopuses
University of Adelaide: Octopus eyes blurred due to heat stress
Australian biologists from the University of Adelaide found that the heating of the water of the oceans due to climate change negatively affects the vision of octopuses.
The study was published on the official website of the scientific institution.
"We found several proteins important for vision that are affected by heat stress.
One of them is a structural protein, which is found in large quantities in the lenses of the eyes of animals and retains the transparency and optical clarity of the lens, and the other is responsible for the regeneration of visual pigments in the photoreceptors of the eyes.
"Levels of both of these proteins have been significantly reduced in the face of projected ocean warming, suggesting that octopus vision is likely to deteriorate even further," explained Dr Kiaz Hua.
The eyes remain the main sense organ for octopuses.
In these animals, 70% of the brain is responsible for vision, which is 20% than in humans.
Scientists have also found that higher water temperatures accelerate the metabolism of octopuses, make them smaller and change the distribution area of some species of these mollusks.
In addition, the warm ocean has a negative effect on the reproduction of the octopus, reducing the number of eggs that spawn.
In some cases, entire broods remained unhatched, the researchers noted.
Earlier it became known that octopuses are the oldest animals with sex chromosomes.
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Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification can affect the nervous systems and behavior of marine animals, including cephalopods.

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Content: 21: 00, November 15, 2023
2 min.
How climate change is changing the brain and behavior of animals
Due to global warming caused by human activities, the habitat on Earth is changing more and more.
This leads to an increase in temperature, rapid changes in rainfall and seasons, and ocean acidification.
How do animals deal with this?
Population Connection
In the response of animals to climate change, their nervous system plays a key role.
Due to its basic functions (sense detection, mental processing of information, behavior control), animals are oriented in the environment, can survive and reproduce.
Because of temperature changes, the energy balance of ecosystems is changing.
It is likely that this will also affect their basic senses, from sight and taste to smell and touch.
Mammals partially perceive temperature with the help of special receptor proteins in their nervous system.
These proteins respond to heat and cold, helping to distinguish between moderate and extreme temperatures.
Due to these proteins, animals can also look for a suitable habitat.
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Climate change disrupts the environmental signals that animals rely on when choosing their habitat, finding food, and partners.
Temperature shifts, for example, change where and when mosquitoes look for hosts, how they transmit diseases.
In addition, seasonal changes in daylight can lead to disconnection between daylight hours and flowering and fruiting of plants, changes in hibernation and migration of animals, when daylight hours no longer predict the availability of resources.
Due to the increase in temperature, the development and functioning of the brain of animals can be
This could also potentially affect their ability to adapt effectively to new habitats.
Scientists have found out how extreme temperatures can change individual neurons at the genetic and structural levels, the structure of the brain as a whole.
For example, in the marine environment, ocean acidification can affect the tracking of odors in reef fish and sharks.
Because of climate change, animals can change their habitat.
These behavioral shifts will change the structure of ecosystems around the world with complex and unpredictable consequences.
It is known that the brain of animals is very flexible and can significantly change even in adults.
However, studies have revealed a strong influence of the environment on the evolution of the brain.
Most likely, the new climatic regimes will eventually form nervous systems, causing them to develop.
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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification has increased by 26% since pre-industrial times, with the ocean absorbing 23% of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

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Content: Sun. Nov 20th, 2022

This is a small proportion in view of conservatively projected $step one

Because the within , more than twenty four mil km2, or 17 %, off seas around national legislation (to two hundred nautical kilometers of shore) have been included in safe areas, over doubling in the the quantity since 2010

On average, one.dos percent regarding federal search finances are spent on water research between 2013 and you can 2017, having amounts anywhere between 0.02 per cent so you’re able to nine.5 %. 5 trillion contribution of the ocean towards the all over the world economy inside 2010.

Of a lot Says enjoys ratified or acceded into United nations Meeting on feeld review Rules of your Ocean (168 events) as well as using plans (150 people toward Agreement regarding the utilization of Area XI of your Us Seminar on the Rules of one’s Water and 91 functions towards United nations Fish Stocks Arrangement). Numerous Claims features followed these products thanks to court, policy and you may institutional buildings, but further advances becomes necessary in a number of developing places, particularly the least set up regions.

Waters and you can fisheries went on to help with the global population’s monetary, public and you can environment means whenever you are distress unsustainable exhaustion, environment destruction and you may carbon dioxide saturation and you may acidification. Current jobs to guard trick marine surroundings and you can quick-measure fishers and you may buy sea technology commonly yet , fulfilling the new immediate need to include that it huge, sensitive capital.

The ocean assimilates up to 23 % of your own yearly pollutants from anthropogenic carbon dioxide toward surroundings, helping to alleviate the impacts regarding weather change on the planet, although not, ultimately causing a bringing down pH and you can acidification of one’s water. A separate water acidification analysis portal suggests an increase in variability into the pH plus the acidity of one’s waters of the 10 to 31 per cent in the period 2015–2019.

The brand new sustainability off globally fishery info continues to decline, regardless if at the a diminished rates, with the ratio regarding fish stocks within biologically alternative account from the 65.8 % when you look at the 2017, down out of 90 per cent when you look at the 1974 and you may 0.8 fee area less than 2015 profile.

The new expansion away from protected elements having marine biodiversity and you can established rules and you may treaties that prompt in control entry to ocean resources are still insufficient to fight new undesireable effects regarding overfishing, increasing ocean acidification due to weather changes and you may worsening seaside eutrophication

Because the within , how many parties to the Arrangement towards Port State Procedures to get rid of, Deter and you can Eliminate Unlawful, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing – the original joining in the world agreement you to particularly needs illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing – risen to 66 (like the Eu) away from 58 in the earlier year, and you will nearly 70 % out of nations stated rating at the top of the fresh implementation thereof.

The share of alternative marine grab fisheries remained steady at around the globe height, with regional adaptation, representing the biggest contribution with the GDP within the Pacific brief isle development States and you will the very least build countries, averaging 1.55 and 1.15 percent, correspondingly, in 2011 to help you 2017.

Once the vast amounts of somebody count on oceans due to their livelihood and you may dinner source as well as on the fresh new transboundary characteristics regarding waters, improved jobs and you can interventions are needed to cut and you can sustainably have fun with water information at all profile.

  • Water acidification is caused by new consumption off atmospheric Carbon-dioxide of the the sea, and this change this new chemical substances constitution of one’s seawater. Long-label observations from ocean acidification for the past thirty years has found the typical increase from acidity regarding 26 per cent given that pre-commercial times, and also at which rates, a rise off a hundred to help you 150 % try predicted from the the termination of the newest century, having really serious effects to possess marine life.
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What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Reducing pollution, promoting seagrass and kelp growth, and implementing place-based actions can help mitigate ocean acidification.

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Content: There were 1,357 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 396,480 in the last 365 days.

Integrated actions across multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) can help address coastal ocean acidification

Integrated actions across multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) can help address coastal ocean acidification

Published 17 June 2024 Science Leave a Comment
Tags: policy, review

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015 constitute a set of 17 global goals established as a blueprint for achieving a more sustainable and equitable world for humanity. As part of the SDGs, target 14.3 is focuses on minimizing and addressing the impacts of Ocean Acidification (OA). We argue that moving forward in meeting the targets related to pH levels in the coastal ocean can be facilitated through accounting for various drivers of pH change, which are associated with advancing a suite of SDG goals. Addressing ‘coastal acidification’ via a suite of linked SDGs may help avoid inaction through connecting global phenomena with local impacts and drivers. This in turn can provide opportunities for designing novel place-based actions or partnerships that can aid and provide synergies for the joint implementation of programs and policies that tackle a suite of SDGs and the specific targets related to coastal ocean pH.

Vargas C. A. & Gelcich S., 2024. Integrated actions across multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) can help address coastal ocean acidification. Communications Earth & Environment 5: 319. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01485-6. Article.

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Content: Tourism and summer resorts of Alexandria: climate changes led to melting ice and affected 45% of marine mammals - Sunrise Gate
Saturday 27 January 2024 2: 09 PM Cairo Cairo 24 °
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Alexandria Tourism and Resorts: Climate changes led to melting ice and affected 45% of marine mammals
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Published on: Saturday 27 January 2024 - 1: 57 PM | Last updated on Saturday 27 January 2024 - 1: 57 PM
Dr. Mohamed Abdel Razek, head of the Central Department of Tourism and Resorts in Alexandria, said that the climate changes caused the melting of snow as a result of thermal emissions, which caused the rise of sea waves in the seas and oceans to about one meter and two centimeters, which increased the speed of sea currents and the occurrence of shorelines.
On Saturday, during the meeting of the National Environment Day at the National Museum of Alexandria, Abdel Razek said that to reduce these effects by scientific methods, submersible barriers of 25-30 centimeters should be placed inside the sea to reduce the strength and height of the waves and break their intensity, as well as by feeding the beaches with sand.
He pointed out that marine pollution negatively affected 45% of marine mammals and 21% of seabirds, and caused the extinction of some marine organisms, including sea turtles, which were feeding on jellyfish, and thus resulted in the spread of jellyfish on the beach.
He stressed that environmental pollution of sea water is all that harms marine life, explaining the types of pollution, including plastic pollution that occurs as a result of the presence of plastic bags and bottles, pointing out that once it drifts to the sea, fish feed on it, which is an important food source for humans.
He continued, there is also marine light pollution and the occurrence of artificial light and search and exploration, which affected fish living in the dark, and caused their migration, as well as the audio pollution that occurs as a result of boat engines and submarines, which affected whales living on sound waves.
He added that pollution can be reduced through awareness campaigns to change the behavior of beachgoers, separating rain pipes from sewage pipes, not draining the latter into the sea, not leaking oil materials transported through ships, and reducing the dumping of hazardous materials and ship waste.
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Content: There were 1,566 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 464,440 in the last 365 days.

Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae

Higlights

  • Sea urchin larvae were grown at ambient or low pH in tanks with or without plants.
  • Plant photosynthesis increased pH and altered seawater chemistry at both pH levels.
  • Positive effects of plant metabolism on larval development and growth at low pH
  • Seagrass meadows as a tool against climate-driven loss of calcifying species

Abstract

Foundation species have been widely documented to provide suitable habitats for other species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Nonetheless, their role in rescuing stress-sensitive species from adverse conditions due to climate change remains often unexplored. Here, we performed a mesocosm experiment to assess whether the seagrassPosidonia oceanica, through its photosynthetic activity, could mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on larval development and growth of the calcifying sea urchinParacentrotus lividus. Sea urchin larvae at early and late developmental stages that are generally associated to benthic habitats, were grown in aquaria with or without P. oceanica plants, under ambient or low pH conditions predicted by the end of the century under the worst climate scenario (RCP8.5). The percentage of abnormal larvae and their total body length under different experimental conditions were assessed on early- (i.e., pluteus; 72 h post-fertilization) and final-developmental stages (i.e., echinopluteus; 30 days post-fertilization), respectively. The presence of P. oceanica increased mean daily pH values of ∼0.1 and ∼0.15 units at ambient and low pH conditions, respectively, compared with tanks without plants. When grown at low pH in association with P. oceanica, plutei showed a ∼23 % reduction of malformations and echinoplutei a ∼34 % increase in total body length, respectively, compared with larvae developing in tanks without plants. Our results suggest that P. oceanica, by increasing pH and altering seawater carbonate chemistry through its metabolic activity, could buffer the negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms and could, thus, represent a tool against climate-driven loss of biodiversity.

Ravaglioli C., De Marchi L., Giannessi J., Pretti C. & Bulleri F., 2024. Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae. Science of the Total Environment 906: 167465. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167465. Article.

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Content: Newswise — STONY BROOK, NY, May 25, 2022 – While kelp is known as a nutritious food item for sea creatures and humans alike, harvesting kelp may be a new way to help keep bivalves such as clams and oysters – a more common food source and marine industry staple – healthy and more abundant. A new study led by Christopher Gobler, PhD, and a team of scientists at the Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (SoMAS) shows that the presence of kelp significantly reduces ocean acidification, a result of climate change.

Published in Frontiers in Marine Science, the study also demonstrated that the deployment of kelp on an oyster farm nullifies ocean acidification and therefore protects bivalves against acidification. The process may also have additional ecosystem and aquaculture benefits, including the sequestration and extraction of carbon and nitrogen, and protection against harmful algae blooms.

For shellfish, one of the most serious climate change-related threats is ocean acidification. Carbon dioxide or CO2 levels in Earth’s atmosphere continue to rise, infiltrating oceans where it causes chemical reactions that lower pH and cause ocean acidification. For the past two decades, one of the most robust conclusions of ocean climate change research has been that increasing levels of CO2 in surface waters threaten shellfish that rely on higher pH waters to grow and survive. This threat is particularly acute in coastal zones where additional sources of acidity can further reduce pH and slow shell formation in shellfish, especially bivalves. And while many wild populations of bivalves have collapsed, a burgeoning wave of aquaculture in the U.S. and around the World has caused the global production of seafood via aquaculture to grow and now exceed wild capture.

“Despite this wave of aquaculture, the intensification of ocean acidification now threatens bivalve aquaculture and has necessitated a solution,” explains Professor Gobler, the Endowed Chair of Coastal Ecology and Conservation at SoMAS.  “We believe our work is foundational to a solution.”

In the study, titled “Kelp (Saccharina latissima) Mitigates Coastal Ocean Acidification and Increases the Growth of North Atlantic Bivalves in Lab Experiments and on an Oyster Farm,” Professor Gobler and colleagues conducted six experiments to assess the effects of elevated CO2 and presence of kelp (S. latissima) on the growth rates of three different species of bivalves: (Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), and hard clams / Northern quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria).

In each of the experiments, acidification was significantly reduced with the cultivation of kelp. They furthered the research with the ultimate test – a field experiment at the Great Gun oyster farm in Moriches Bay, New York.

They found that during a one-month deployment, oysters that were surrounded by kelp enjoyed higher pH water and grew significantly faster than individual shellfish located further away where the pH of the water was significantly lower.

Professor Gobler and colleagues emphasize that these findings have powerful implications for oyster farming in coastal zones.

“We have been witnessing coastal ocean acidification for years and have documented its ability to slow the growth, and even kill off, shellfish. We began growing kelp on oyster farms to simply expand aquaculture, regionally. After seeing its ability to rapidly take up CO2 and improve low pH conditions, we knew it had the potential to benefit shellfish experiencing acidification. And while showing that in the lab was exciting, being able to improve the growth of oysters on an oyster farm experiencing coastal acidification proves this approach can have very broad applications,” explains Professor Gobler.

Overall, the research clearly shows, according to the authors, that “the cultivation of kelp constitutes an environmentally friendly means of protecting shellfisheries against present and future ocean acidification and other coastal stressors.”

Building on the work, helping the oyster farms

“We’ve helped grow kelp on 10 oyster farms across New York since 2018 and more and more aquaculturists have been hoping to incorporate kelp into their farms,” says Mike Doall, Associate Director of Shellfish Restoration and Aquaculture at Stony Brook University. “In addition to providing crop diversification and additive revenue streams, the ability of kelp to fight ocean acidification gives these oyster farmers one more reason to add kelp as a second crop.”

The recent study builds on other research by the same SoMAS group, which published a study in Harmful Algae in 2021. That study demonstrated that kelp has the ability to deter the intensity of harmful algal blooms, another environmental threat to shellfish aquaculture.

Such scenarios with kelp appear to create a win-win scenario for oyster farmers like Paul McCormick, owner of the Great Gun oyster farm where the current study was performed.

“Kelp looks to be the perfect complement to oysters on my farm,” says McCormick. “It grows during winter and spring, when the oysters need less attention, and there is lots of interest in kelp from restaurants. If it is offering protection to my oysters against poor water quality, well that’s another good reason to add it to my farm.”

Citations:

Young, C. S., Sylvers, L. H., Tomasetti, S. J., Lundstrom, A., Schenone, C., Doall, M. H., & Gobler, C. J. (2022) Kelp (Saccharina latissima) mitigates ocean acidification and increases the growth of North Atlantic bivalves in lab experiments and on an oyster farm. Frontiers in Marine Science, Volume 9 | Article 881254

Sylvers, P. H., & Gobler, C. J. (2021). Mitigation of harmful algal blooms caused by Alexandrium catenella and reduction in saxitoxin accumulation in bivalves using cultivable seaweeds. Harmful Algae, 105, 102056.

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Raising awareness and promoting sustainable practices can help mitigate ocean acidification's effects.

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Join us at the immersed in change conference!

Join us at the immersed in change conference!

Published 31 May 2024 Events Leave a Comment

EVENT AGENDA

The world is waking up to the threat that ocean acidification (OA) poses to marine ecosystems and to the coastal economies that depend on them. OA is a rise in the acidity of seawater caused by an excess of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) being absorbed by the ocean.

 To implement SDG 14.3 “to minimize and address ocean acidification”, OA must become a cross cutting issue embedded across climate, ocean, and marine policies.

 Advancing national OA actions will inform better decision making for achieving domestic mitigation, adaptation, and resilience goals.

 Come learn about the National OA Action Planning Leadership Circle, where invited governments are finding their unique approach to OA Actions across 2024-2025, leading to national implementation of UN SDG 14.3 “to minimize and address OA” by the 3rd UN Ocean Conference in 2025.

OA Alliance. Event.

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Ocean acidification's effects on cephalopods are not well-studied, but ocean warming is known to affect octopus vision.

Heat stress reduces vision-related proteins in octopus eyes.

Warmer waters accelerate octopus metabolism and reduce their size, potentially impacting their ecological role.

Ocean warming alters octopus distribution and reproduction, reducing egg spawn numbers and causing unhatched broods.

Ocean acidification affects pteropods, which are crucial for the ocean environment and the food web.

Title:

Content: Newswise — When carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the oceans, it can make the water more acidic, which is called ocean acidification. This can make it harder for some ocean creatures, like pteropods, to build and keep their shells. Pteropods are important for the ocean environment.

Pteropods are small sea creatures, including shelled sea butterflies. Not much is known about them because of their size, and they don't survive well in captivity. A team of marine scientists studied the life cycles, abundance, and seasonal changes of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, where climate change is happening quickly.

Dr Clara Manno, a researcher at the British Antarctic Survey and the corresponding author of the study published in Frontiers in Marine Science, said that the decrease in pteropod populations in the Antarctic Ocean could have significant consequences for the food web and carbon cycle. She also said that understanding the life cycle of this important organism could help to predict the impact of ocean acidification on the Antarctic ecosystem.

Population stability essential for species survival

To study the life cycle, abundance, and seasonal variability of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, a team of marine scientists collected sea butterflies in a sediment trap, a sampling device that was anchored at a depth of 400 meters. Since observing the entire life cycle of sea butterflies in a laboratory setting is impossible, the researchers had to gather information about their spawning, growth rate, and population structure. They were able to reconstruct the sea butterflies' life cycle for a year using the samples from the sediment trap.

The scientists found that the two most commonly collected species, Limacina rangii and Limacina retroversa, have different life cycles and therefore have different levels of vulnerability to changes in the ocean. During the winter months, L. rangii, which is a polar species, can be found as both adults and juveniles, while L. retroversa, a subpolar species, is only found as adults during the winter.

Sea butterflies that exist during the coldest season are more vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification. This is because ocean water is more acidic during this season than during other times of the year due to cooler temperatures that increase CO2 dissolution in the ocean. The researchers explained that the life stages of sea butterflies during this time are more exposed and vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification.

L. rangii has a survival advantage over L. retroversa because both adults and juveniles coexist during winter, which reduces the risk of population instability if one cohort is vulnerable. In contrast, if one cohort is removed from L. retroversa, the entire population could be at risk.

Prolonged exposure is a survival challenge

The researchers pointed out that although the two species are affected differently, both are likely to suffer harm if they are exposed to unfavorable conditions for prolonged periods.

The scientists cautioned that the intensifying and prolonged events of ocean acidification overlap with the spring spawning period, posing a threat to the most vulnerable life stage, the larvae. This could endanger the future populations of sea butterflies.

The research team plans to further study the sea butterflies in the Scotia Sea to see how they would be affected by the increase in the intensity and duration of ocean acidification events. They will study multiyear sediment trap samples to identify potential changes in the life cycle that may occur due to environmental changes. Dr Jessie Gardner of the British Antarctic Survey, lead author of the study, said this will be the next step in their research.

Journal Link: Frontiers in Marine Science

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

The ocean contributes $5 trillion to the global economy, with 65.8% of fish stocks at sustainable levels, but has acidified by 26% since pre-industrial times.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

High school climate justice clubs can raise awareness about ocean acidification and inspire action to reduce carbon emissions.

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Content: In order to be close to the ocean and realize the conservation of the ocean and marine resources, Chenggong Junior High School held a beach clean-up event on the 29th in Crescent Bay, Zhubei City, to turn the service of caring for the community into a driving force, and to lead students to understand and reflect on the ocean and understand the importance of harmonious development of people and the ocean.
The event began with teachers explaining the marine environment and ecology, and then spent two hours in groups cleaning the beach, and finally cleaned up dozens of kilograms of marine garbage, which was handled by the cleaning team of the Zhubei Municipal Office.
We attach importance to the values and concepts of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and try to integrate them into our curriculum and school activities.
Before the beach clean-up, the school applied to the Seeing Zeppelin Foundation to see the Taiwan School Public Broadcasting Program. From the video broadcast and the instructor ’ s explanation, students can see the beauty and sadness of Taiwan ’ s coast, and then lead students to the ocean to understand the impact of their hometown ’ s coast, and turn it into action to promote change.
On the 29th, Zhuang Li, a teacher of the math class, explained the marine environment and ecology, allowing students to actually understand the ecology of shallow water areas such as coastal mangroves, ocean tides and the use and regeneration of marine resources.
Next, all students will be divided into 6 groups, respectively to pick up the beach and coastal debris debris, and return to the original appearance of the coast.
After two hours of efforts to clean up the beach, teachers and students cleaned up a lot of marine waste. According to statistics, the most common is daily life plastic products, including PET bottles, plastic bags, straws, glass bottles, plastic bottles, paper lunch boxes, spoons, cigarette butts and aluminum foil bags.
The other part is fishing waste, such as Polarilon buoyancy gear, waste fishing nets, floating balls, etc.
After sorting and sorting, a total of more than 10 bags full of garbage, a total of nearly tens of kilograms of marine waste was cleaned, and the cleaning team of the Zhubei Municipal Office assisted in the removal and removal.
The school said that through the beach cleaning activities, understanding the importance of marine ecological sustainability, and allowing students to have social responsibility and care for service, love the living environment and land, and establish action to practice social service concept.
# Ocean # Success Middle School # Beach Cleanup # Beach Cleanup # Student

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