LiveJournal was founded by Brad Fitzpatrick in 1999 as a personal journaling application, which he later transformed into a website that others could use.

The platform's unique features, such as the friends feed and collective blogs, allowed users to share their thoughts and connect with others in a more interactive way.

LiveJournal combined blogging and social networking features, setting it apart from other platforms.

The site was inspired by the WELL, an earlier online community, and was initially used for keeping up with school friends.

LiveJournal allowed users to create online diaries, publish entries, and comment on others' posts, as well as add friends and participate in collective blogs.

The platform also featured a "friends feed" for following users and communities for collective blogging.

LiveJournal's evolution into a social networking site was part of a broader trend in the early 2000s, which saw the rise of sites like Friendster, Myspace, and Facebook.

To transform the journaling application into a website, Brad Fitzpatrick used PHP and JavaScript programming languages.

He also used MySQL databases to store information.

In addition to PHP and JavaScript, Brad Fitzpatrick utilized HTML and CSS web technologies, as well as XML and AJAX technologies.

The technical choices made by LiveJournal's developers, including the use of PHP, Perl, and MySQL, played a significant role in shaping the platform's development and user experience.

However, the platform's inability to scale and adapt to changing user needs ultimately led to its decline.

The key factors that contributed to LiveJournal's decline in popularity include the introduction of censorship, changes in ownership, and failure to adapt to trends.

Censorship led to user migration to other platforms, such as Telegram and Facebook, resulting in a decline in LiveJournal's user base and engagement.

Today, while LiveJournal is still active, its user base has significantly dwindled, and it is no longer the prominent social media platform it once was.

The history of LiveJournal serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of scalability, performance, and innovation in the rapidly evolving world of social media.

LiveJournal was founded by Brad Fitzpatrick in 1999 as a personal journaling application, which he later transformed into a website that others could use.

The platform's unique features, such as the friends feed and collective blogs, allowed users to share their thoughts and connect with others in a more interactive way.

LiveJournal combined blogging and social networking features, setting it apart from other platforms.

Title:

Content: Regulators Seem to Think That Facebook Is the Internet

That’s a problem.

In 1997, SixDegrees.com was the first real attempt at social networking, creating a space where users could upload their information and list their friends. The site peaked at approximately 3.5 million users before it shut down in 1999.

Since then, a series of social networking business models have emerged, each time offering more advanced tools for user interaction. LiveJournal, a site for keeping up with school friends, combined blogging and social networking features inspired by the WELL; Friendster was a social network that allowed for increased interaction and control by users; Myspace had open membership and gave users the freedom to customize their pages. In 2005, it—and its 25 million user base—was sold to News Corp. But within three years, Myspace had been surpassed by Facebook, which launched in 2004 for college students and opened to everyone in 2006.

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As that history shows, in the early days of the internet, disruption was profound and constant: New companies emerged in music, video, e-commerce, publishing, and telephony on an almost yearly basis. The internet appeared to be a space where competition could thrive.

Not anymore.

Today, disruption happens in much smaller ways. The examples are getting fewer because economies of scale have concentrated innovation in the hands of a few players.

More often, disruption comes from regulation—for better or, often, for worse. Current regulation attempts focus on the actions and behavior of some actors—chiefly Facebook—while creating unintended consequences for the internet, particularly fragmentation, or the splintering of the global internet into one that more closely hews territorial borders.

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It’s understandable that both the public and regulators might think that regulating “the internet” means focusing on the biggest players. Much of it has to do with the fact that users are often exposed to various types of illegal behavior and content through some of the most popular services that exist on the internet. Fix misinformation, or extremism, or ideological silos, or security on Facebook, the thinking goes, and you’ve fixed it on the internet as a whole.

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But this is an unhelpful and misguided narrative. First, the internet is not a monolith, so treating it as if it is simply will not work. Second, many of the issues regulators are trying to address are not internet problems; they are societal. Terrorism, child abuse, and mis- and disinformation are not an offspring of the internet; they existed before the internet, and they will continue to exist after it as they are ingrained in human societies. Yet, they are treated as if they are exclusively internet problems. Third, and most importantly, regulators should stop thinking of the internet as Facebook and treating it as such. In the internet regulatory landscape, there is a mixed bag of different issues, and Facebook’s involvement in all of them, direct or indirect, adds to the current complexity. Content moderation, privacy, intermediary liability, competition, encryption—these are all broader issues related to the internet, not just Facebook. Yet, the pattern that has emerged is to treat them as Facebook issues. What this means is that, instead of focusing on trying to address them in ways appropriate for the entire internet ecosystem, they are addressed through the Facebook lens. This has been quite accurately characterized as the “Facebook Derangement Syndrome.”

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The global regulatory agenda is replete with such examples. In the United Kingdom, the Online Safety legislation wants to ban end-to-end encryption because of Facebook’s plan to introduce it as a default setting in its Messenger service. On the other side of the Commonwealth, Australia recently introduced a media bargaining code mainly targeting Facebook. Facebook famously “left” the country before renegotiating a new agreement. Similarly, in what seems to be a coordinated effort, Canada has vowed to work with Australia in an attempt to impose regulatory restrictions on Facebook.

And this trend is not limited to the Commonwealth.

India’s new intermediary guidelines aim at tightening a regulatory grip on Facebook and its partner company WhatsApp while Brazil’s fake news bill, which got approved by the Senate, is focusing on content moderation on Facebook and traceability on WhatsApp. In France, there have been conversations about the introduction of “new rules” for Facebook, while Germany’s Network Enforcement Law—NetzDG—was drafted with the primary focus of taming Facebook. Finally, in the United States, the Trump administration issued an unsuccessful executive order that aimed to regulate Facebook for bias.

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This approach of limiting regulation to Facebook is not entirely unusual. It reflects the principal-agent conundrum that, over the years, has allowed companies like Facebook to  propose policies and deploy tools that can have an impact on the way regulation gets to be enforced. The principal-agent problem is predominantly characterized by conflict of interest and moral hazards. Due to information asymmetries, the agent holds the bargaining power, and this creates a few unknowns: The principal is in no position to know the information the agent holds. Even when she does, she cannot be certain that the agent is acting to her best interest. So, the principal ends up focusing squarely on the agent, disregarding any peripheral issues that might be significant.

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The principal-agent problem may help explain why governments appear ready to introduce regulation targeting Facebook; however, it does not help explain why, in the process of doing so, the main loser is the internet and its users.

Over the past couple of years, Facebook has said, “We support regulation,” and “we want updated internet regulations to set clear guidelines for addressing today’s toughest challenges.” This statement would be significant if it did not come across as self-serving. At this stage, regulation is inescapable and Facebook knows it—as does the rest of big tech. In an effort to adapt to this new reality, companies often take advantage of their dominant position to drive regulatory processes, often at the expense of regulation itself.

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In this context, the question we should be asking is not whether regulation is appropriate, but what are the real implications of regulating in such a manner? There is already an argument that focusing on a few, big players has an impact on the health of innovation and the ability of newcomers to compete. And, then, there is the internet. The internet’s global reach is one of its main strengths. It is a feature, not a bug. Among other things, it allows the maintenance of supply chains all over the world; it allows people to communicate; it lowers costs; and it makes information sharing easier, all the while helping to address societal issues like poverty or climate change.

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To this end, the attempt to regulate based on one—or a handful—of companies can jeopardize this very important goal of the internet. It can create fragmentation, in the sense of not allowing data to flow across borders or networks to interconnect, and this can be very real and have a very big impact. It can impose limits on the way information and data gets to be shared and the way networks may interoperate. These are significant trade-offs, and they must be part of any regulation’s process.

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So where do we go from here?

For sure, the answer cannot be to stop regulating. We must accept, however, that the current approach often generates unintended consequences that only superficially affect those who must be regulated.

In this light, a possible way forward is to experiment with regulation. Experimental regulation is a relatively underused approach, yet it is flexible enough to accommodate dynamic markets, like the internet. Originally associated with the work of John Dewey, this idea is premised on the fact that, in policymaking, the way we approach theories and strategies of justice depends on “the experience of their pursuit; it is these changes that then allow us to consider how best to achieve our objectives.” The advantage of this thinking is that it considers unintended consequences as an opportunity to better define appropriate regulatory frameworks and how to achieve the desired goals.

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Internet regulation does not experiment enough, and when it does, it appears to have the wrong focus. In Australia, for instance, the effort to ensure robust journalism in an age of disinformation in social media platforms led to a “link tax” that undermines the architecture, history, and economics of the internet. This is partly due to the role big tech companies play in the regulatory process. One of the immediate things one can observe with internet regulation is the process some actors deploy: In the beginning, they operate in favor of sustaining existing policies and bureaucracies. The thinking is that longevity brings legitimacy, and as a result, the policy becomes its own cause. Once this strategy is embedded in process, these powerful forces move toward pushing their own regulatory agenda.

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It is for this reason that there is a certain appeal toward flexible regulatory systems that allow different units to experiment with different approaches and make room for assessments that separate the relevant from the nonrelevant and preexisting rules. Although experimentation neither offers a drastic approach nor aims to replace traditional routes of regulation, it can limit the risks of politicization, as politics become more context focused.

One of the first things we need is an internet impact assessment that looks at the different parts of the internet’s infrastructure and the effect that regulation may have. It is no longer just about regulating a few actors. It is about protecting the global infrastructure that we all depend on daily.

The internet has a Facebook problem, but the internet is not Facebook.

This article represents the views of the author and not those of his employer, the Internet Society. Facebook is an organization member of the Internet Society.

Future Tense is a partnership of Slate, New America, and Arizona State University that examines emerging technologies, public policy, and society.

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The site was inspired by the WELL, an earlier online community, and was initially used for keeping up with school friends.

LiveJournal allowed users to create online diaries, publish entries, and comment on others' posts, as well as add friends and participate in collective blogs.

Title:

Content: LiveJournal is back in Kazakhstan
519
Anna VLADIMIROVA
Access to the "Live Journal" was restored after the administration of the LiveJournal blog platform executed the decisions of the judicial authorities of Kazakhstan on the removal of illegal materials posted on the resource.
Representatives of LiveJournal reported on the removal from the blogging platform of materials containing signs of propaganda of terrorism and religious extremism, public calls to commit acts of terrorism and the manufacture of explosive devices.
Earlier, the Saryarka court of Astana issued a decision to close access to the “Live Journal ” from August 20, 2011 due to the distribution of these materials.
As a result, the Committee of Communications, Informatization and Information of the Ministry of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan decided to resume access to the resource on the territory of Kazakhstan from November 11 this year.
LiveJournal also plans to open a representative office in Kazakhstan and develop the Kazakhstan segment of the blogging platform.
For reference: “Live Journal ” is a blogging platform for keeping online diaries (blogs).
Provides the ability to publish your own and comment on other people ’ s records, conduct collective blogs (“communities ”), add other users to friends and follow their records in the“ friends feed ”.
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After Russian users could no longer use foreign social networks, where did they post their blogs?

The platform also featured a "friends feed" for following users and communities for collective blogging.

LiveJournal's evolution into a social networking site was part of a broader trend in the early 2000s, which saw the rise of sites like Friendster, Myspace, and Facebook.

To transform the journaling application into a website, Brad Fitzpatrick used PHP and JavaScript programming languages.

Title:

Content: Education: Higher education
Graduated in 1993.
Chelyabinsk State University.
Specialty – theoretical physics (red diploma)
Work experience:
01.2006 - 08.2006 – Magazine layout, designer, WEB-designer.
Developed an internal information processing system, a web site based on free engines smalnuke, nuke.
And also using the smarty library.
(All with mySQL).
05.2004 – 12.2005 – Photoland – photodesigner.
Concurrently
web programmer.
02.2003г.-04.2004г. – Photocenter - programmer, web-designer, photodesigner,
- Developed, together with other programmers, software technology for the production of "medallions"
- created a website with an updated context based on the database,
- serviced the enterprise computer system (mixed PC and MAC system), about 10 machines,
- responsible for photo printing on large-format digital photo printing machines (Frontierra 370, Durst Epsilon 30, etc.)
- trained employees in the necessary skills in the use of equipment, computer network and graphics programs.
07.2001- 02.2003- SC "Scorpio" - programmer, web-designer, advertising manager, designer
- developed a dynamically updated online store associated with the company 's computer system
- developed, together with the director of the enterprise, a specialized module for the 1C enterprise system.
11.1996-07.2001 - Cherkizovo-Ural LLC - programmer, computer service engineer
- served the implementation of the management computer system of the enterprise
- supported software (the developer was in Moscow), set up user workplaces
- trained employees to work in a computer system
- developed application software for the internal purposes of the enterprise (accounting, commercial department, remote warehouse-store)
Age: 35 years
Additional information: Programming languages – VB, including when
use in the Internet environment.
Specialized for Internet servers: ASP, PHP, SQL, MySql
Design software –
Corel Draw, Photoshop, ImageReady, InDesign, Pagemaker
Technical English.
I have experience in leadership.
About me: We are trained, workable, able to work in a team.
Married, 3 children, no bad habits
Mob.Tel.
89068635549
A house.
Tel 7276715
E _ mail: [email protected]

He also used MySQL databases to store information.

In addition to PHP and JavaScript, Brad Fitzpatrick utilized HTML and CSS web technologies, as well as XML and AJAX technologies.

The technical choices made by LiveJournal's developers, including the use of PHP, Perl, and MySQL, played a significant role in shaping the platform's development and user experience.

Title:

Content: (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) The common set of system software and programming languages used in a Linux-based Web server. Known as a "tech stack" or "software stack," LAMP comprises the Linux operating system, Apache Web server software and MySQL database management system (DBMS). Applications are programmed in PHP, but also in the Perl and Python languages. A LAMP application is a non-Windows environment; however, there is a Windows equivalent: WAMP is Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP. See stack.

MAMP and xAMP

In the Mac world, the Mac operating system replaces Linux, resulting in MAMP: Mac, Apache, MySQL, PHP. The acronym xAMP refers to any and all operating systems used with AMP software: X=cross platform, Apache, MySQL and PHP. See Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl, Python and MEAN.

TRENDING

THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction requires permission.
Copyright © 1981- 2023. The Computer Language Co Inc. All rights reserved.

However, the platform's inability to scale and adapt to changing user needs ultimately led to its decline.

Title:

Content: ChatGPT and Threads are in the blink of an eye?
Reveal the challenges of quickly popularizing products
Author: External Submission
Published: Updated:
ChatGPT ’ s user engagement has recently declined for the first time since its launch in November 2022.
From May to June, engagement fell by 9.7%, with the largest decline in the United States at 10.3%.
On the other hand, Meta ’ s Threads platform also saw a significant drop in the number of users, from more than 49 million on July 7 to 23.6 million active users on July 14.
The average time U.S. users spent using the app over the same time period also dropped to just over 6 minutes from a 21-minute peak in early July.
In the technology world, companies are always scrambling to launch new innovative products in order to gain a “first mover ’ s advantage. ”
This refers to the ability of a business to get ahead of its competitors by being the first to enter a new product category or market.
However, being a pioneer does not guarantee smooth sailing, and while there are some recognized benefits, it also presents a host of challenges.
The recent decline in the number of users of Threads and ChatGPT is a testament to the reality that widespread and rapid acceptance of an application by users does not necessarily lead to long-term success.
Rapid adoption does not necessarily mean success for several reasons, including unsustainable growth, inadequate expansion infrastructure, and a lack of retention strategies.
Unsustainable growth
The concept of unsustainable growth stems from the inability of a platform to maintain or maintain the quality of the user experience while expanding rapidly.
That ’ s the real challenge: how to effectively scale a product or service, which is where the Gartner Hype Cycle meets unsustainable growth.
On February 3, 2023, a computer screen displays an answer generated by ChatGPT to the question “What can artificial intelligence provide humanity? ” (Getty)
The technology maturity curve is a model that shows the stage of application of emerging technologies: from initial hype and exaggerated expectations, to user disillusionment and skepticism, to actual application and productivity after entering the mainstream market.
Threads and ChatGPT both went through a period of hype and expectation, followed by a decline in user interest.
Under unsustainable growth, products like ChatGPT and Threads seem to have reached what is known as the “peak of expectation inflation ”, with over-enthusiastic and unrealistic expectations generated by the promotion of new products.
At this stage, users will quickly adopt the product due to the novelty of the product and driven by the hype.
However, this stage often leads to a “trough of disillusionment ”, where the product fails to meet users ’ unrealistic expectations, leading to a decline in interest in the product.
This suggests that the product may have grown faster than its ability to deliver superior user experience.
If the product is not improved based on user feedback, user engagement will decrease.
This rise and fall underscores the challenges of achieving sustainable growth with rapid adoption.
The initial hype tends to attract a large influx of users, but without a clear, scalable strategy to maintain quality and engagement, the platform quickly loses its appeal.
The image above illustrates how ChatGPT and Threads fit into the Gartner Hype Cycle. (courtesy of the author)
Inadequate infrastructure expansion
When a platform ’ s user base expands rapidly, the question of whether the platform ’ s infrastructure can meet user needs becomes critical.
The sudden influx of users that accompany the successful launch of a product can be a double-edged sword; it helps with data collection, user feedback, and increased revenue on the one hand, but also tests the scalability of the platform ’ s infrastructure.
If the underlying technology, support services, or operational strategy is not scalable, the product may experience issues such as slow loading, frequent crashes, or lack of timely customer support, all of which can hurt the user experience and the long-term success of the product.
For example, OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, had to limit users of ChatGPT-4 to only 25 messages every three hours due to infrastructure restrictions, including for those paying members.
While this helps to reduce the load on the infrastructure, it is a challenge for users.
Users accustomed to unlimited interaction with ChatGPT-3 now pay for limited services.
This can inadvertently reduce user engagement and lead to user churn, highlighting the delicate balance between managing infrastructure and maintaining user satisfaction.
Meta ’ s Threads app logo is placed on a broken Twitter app logo. (Reuters)
Lack of a retention strategy
One reason tech companies struggle to retain users is that they don ’ t prioritize user-centric designs.
If user feedback is not considered in product development, the final product provided by the enterprise may not be able to meet user needs.
In addition, businesses must also provide effective support to users.
Inadequate or unclear user guidance can leave users feeling confused and overwhelmed and abandoning the product.
In the case of ChatGPT, OpenAI provides a basic description of the platform ’ s use, but it ’ s mostly up to users to explore it themselves.
Users try various instructions without understanding and get some meaningless responses, resulting in uncertainty and frustration.
A lack of user guidance could lead to lower engagement rates, as OpenAI has recently seen.
Finally, there are growing concerns about security threats and privacy, raising questions about how new technologies can protect users.
The conflict between the need for more personalized experiences and privacy creates a phenomenon called personalization — the privacy paradox.
As individuals become increasingly uneasy about how their personal information is stored, the lack of proper oversight can lead to a decline in the use of personalized services or technologies.
While quick adoption of a product by users is a good start, it does not guarantee long-term success.
Striking the right balance between growth and infrastructure scalability, adopting a user-centric approach, maintaining user trust, and investing in continuous innovation are the cornerstones of lasting success in a competitive technology space.
This article is reproduced from The Conversation, compiled by Hong Kong 01 authorized, not reproduced without authorization, click to read the original English version

The key factors that contributed to LiveJournal's decline in popularity include the introduction of censorship, changes in ownership, and failure to adapt to trends.

Title:

Content: Opinion: “Consolation ” – in another
18.04.2022, 23: 00, Miscellaneous
Subscribe to Telegram channel
Subscribe to Google News
The previous record was “frozen ” – this time literally an hour after publication.
The speed of censorship in LiveJournal is steadily increasing – it is impossible not to admit.
Really, it makes me unstoppably stupid.
Well, at least something in this country is growing.
And for the rest – there is my Telegram and FB.
Source: Reflections of a Free Sociologist
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Censorship led to user migration to other platforms, such as Telegram and Facebook, resulting in a decline in LiveJournal's user base and engagement.

Today, while LiveJournal is still active, its user base has significantly dwindled, and it is no longer the prominent social media platform it once was.

The history of LiveJournal serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of scalability, performance, and innovation in the rapidly evolving world of social media.


The medication shortage is a growing global concern, affecting countries worldwide, with 323 US drugs in shortage as of 2024, an issue tracked since 2001.

There is a shortage of 32 chemotherapy drugs, particularly central nervous system stimulants.

More than half of treatment shortages last over two years, impacting at least 500,000 patients.

Manufacturing and quality problems, along with supply chain gaps and downtime, cause drug shortages.

The US has a record 323 active drug shortages in 2024, surpassing the 2014 record of 320.

France reported 4925 drug shortages in 2023, affecting 44% of the population by 2024.

The EU announced pharmaceutical industry reforms in 2023 to address medication shortages.

Globally, 28 countries face a penicillin shortage, with the US and Canada lacking amoxicillin, and high energy prices reducing profits for pharmaceutical companies.

A pharmaceutical shortage has been reported in 27 European countries since 2022, affecting Tunisia, Egypt, and Turkey with significant drug losses.

The EU planned a solidarity mechanism and an early warning system to prevent medication shortages.

Three-quarters of countries reported worsening drug shortages in 2022 due to rising demand and supply chain disruptions.

Inflation affected generic drug production, prompting France to encourage reshoring of basic medicine supply.

Medicine shortage has been increasing globally for over 10 years due to economic incentives and low margins.

Big pharmaceuticals' shift to low-wage countries has impacted the global supply chain, prompting a proposed EU-level drug reserve.

99% of hospital pharmacists report shortages of 309 drugs, near an all-time high.

One-third of health systems delay or ration care due to shortages, impacting 10-20% of cancer patients with drug shortages.

The FDA allows import of overseas chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, due to shortages.

Russia, 90% dependent on foreign pharmaceuticals, can face shortages due to sanctions.

The medication shortage is a growing global concern, affecting countries worldwide, with 323 US drugs in shortage as of 2024, an issue tracked since 2001.

Title:

Content: General Supervision
Elham Aboul Fath
Editor-in-Chief
Thank you for your patience.
General Supervision
Elham Aboul Fath
Editor-in-Chief
Thank you for your patience.
An Unexpected Catastrophe in the World ’ s Largest Country: The Complete Story of U.S. Drug Shortages
The deficit is at a record level.
According to data from the American Society of Health System Pharmacists and the University of Utah Drug Information Service, organizations began tracking drug shortages for the first time in 2001. Steady since 2021 – now reaching a record high of 323 drugs in the first three months of 2024.
Paul Abramowitz, CEO of the American Society of Health System Pharmacists, wrote in a blog post on Thursday: “It ’ s been a long time to end drug shortages, ” and wrote:“ All drug classes are vulnerable to shortages, some of the most worrisome shortages include sterile injectable generic drugs, including cancer chemotherapy drugs and emergency drugs stored in hospital vans and procedural areas. It is dangerous for doctors and patients. ”
In addition to the 32 chemotherapy drugs that are deficient, the five categories of drugs with the greatest deficiency include central nervous system stimulants, antimicrobials, hormonal agents, and intravenous fluids. [1] The Drug Deficiency Database maintained by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists and the University of Utah is based on voluntary reports from practitioners, patients, and others that have been confirmed by manufacturers. The U.S. drug is in short supply, because it captures broader effects on service providers and patients.
The crisis has lasted a year and a half.
More than half of the treatment shortages have lasted for more than two years, according to an analysis by health consultancy IQVIA, and the average shortage affects at least half a million patients, many of them elderly, according to the US Office of Health and Human Services under the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, which shared its analysis with Congress in May.
Growing demand can play a role in drug shortages, as with the recent shortage of weight-loss drugs, but often manufacturing and quality problems, such as supply chain gaps and downtime, are the root cause. And varied.
But the American Society of Health System Pharmacists has “serious concerns ” about parts of this proposal, especially financial sanctions imposed on hospitals that lack the resources to comply with the recommendations, Abramowitz wrote:“ We all know that managing shortages is not enough and is not a sustainable solution to the worsening crisis, and there is still a lot of work to be done at the federal level to fix the root causes of drug shortages. ”
Why Shortage Occurs
Shortages can be caused by high demand, as with the recent shortage of weight-loss drugs, but this is not usually the main problem.
The FDA also blames manufacturing and quality problems, supply chain gaps, and downtime, and Dr. Emily Tucker, a drug shortage expert and an assistant professor of industrial engineering at Clemson University, says that when there is an indication of shortages, large health systems often also proactively place large orders, adding to the system ’ s stress.
“I don ’ t blame anyone.
“When I talk to all the stakeholders – whether it ’ s wholesalers, manufacturers, or the government – everyone wants this problem to end, ” she said.
Lack of transparency
Dr. Julie Grallo, chief medical officer and executive vice president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, told the House Committee earlier that the shortage puts providers in a terrible position: “The drug shortage crisis is forcing providers to make impossible choices, and it is also hindering the development of new drugs. Health drugs are purchased only on a price basis, and manufacturers do not have to disclose the source of their acquisition of the ingredients.
The shortage of this generic chemical drug came due to the closure of one factory in India that manufactures the active ingredient after a surprise FDA inspection found “significant quality issues, ” says Jarallo:“ We didn ’ t know, and there was no transparency regarding the company ’ s supply of the majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients to all manufacturers across the board.
Knowing this in advance, we could have responded much faster, ” Dr. Steven Schundlemeyer, director of the PRIME Institute of the University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, which focuses on economic and management issues, told the committee that as with defense contractors in the United States, New Zealand requires manufacturers to disclose their suppliers, and that information is required.
Easily accessible in the database.
Related Topics

There is a shortage of 32 chemotherapy drugs, particularly central nervous system stimulants.

More than half of treatment shortages last over two years, impacting at least 500,000 patients.

Manufacturing and quality problems, along with supply chain gaps and downtime, cause drug shortages.

The US has a record 323 active drug shortages in 2024, surpassing the 2014 record of 320.

Title:

Content: American Pharmacists Association Announces Record Shortages of All Types of Medicines in U.S.
World News
Copy Link https: / / en.rt.com / xcc5
The American Pharmacists Association has expressed concern about the record shortage of all types of drugs in the United States, calling on politicians to take action.
A statement posted on the association ’ s website said: “In the first half of this year, 323 active drug shortages were recorded.
It is a record higher than the previous record of 320 in 2014.
“At the federal level, significant work needs to be done to eliminate the root causes of drug shortages. ”
The statement added that particular concern was raised by the lack of sterile injectable drugs, including chemotherapy drugs for cancer and emergency medicines stored in hospital treatment rooms.
Another serious problem is the ongoing lack of treatment methods for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the country.
Source: Novosti
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France reported 4925 drug shortages in 2023, affecting 44% of the population by 2024.

Title:

Content: French health groups put forward proposals to limit the damage of worsening drug shortages

Medicines such as cough syrup, lozenges and ointment are seen on a table in an apartment in Berlin, Tuesday, December 20, 2022. Copyright Stephanie Pilick/dpa via AP
Copyright Stephanie Pilick/dpa via AP
By Lauren Chadwick
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Pharmaceutical companies’ lack of transparency leads to rising drug prices and less control over public resources, the group of health organisations say.

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A group of French organisations have called for more transparency from pharmaceutical companies as drug shortages increase.

In a joint report, 14 civil society organisations outlined their recommendations to solve a “situation that has only worsened” since 2018.

The French medicines regulator signalled 4,925 drug shortages in 2023, compared to 3,761 in 2022 and 2,160 in 2021.

A 2024 survey from France Assos Santé, which represents patients, found that 44 per cent of people in France said they had faced a drug shortage this year.

One of the pharmacy unions in France has even planned a strike at the end of the month over drug shortages and what they say is worsening access to care.

Each health organisation contributed an article with recommendations for dealing with the drug shortages.

The League Against Cancer urged complete transparency on drug shortages and potential substitutions for health professionals.

They also called for monitoring of medicine stocks and their location in the country to guarantee equal access.

The organisation found in a survey published in February that 78 per cent of health professionals in oncology had been faced with a drug shortage.

Drug shortages or delays have led to anxiety among cancer patients, lost time, and worsening symptoms, the organisation said.

France Assos Santé, meanwhile, wrote that an urgent response should not be to support “the industrial sector which bears serious responsibilities” for abandoning the production of less profitable drugs, relocating drug production, and keeping insufficient medicine stocks.

They would like any cost increases justified by production costs or the risk of withdrawing a drug from the market due to it being unprofitable. They called for cost evaluations to be made public.

Their concerns also range from the use of public money to bring drug production to Europe to new government plans to prevent shortages.

Some changes at the EU level criticised

Last year, the European Commission announced several measures to reform the pharmaceutical industry and address critical drug shortages.

The European Parliament went on to adopt a position on pharmaceutical reform last month, that included “incentives for innovation” and an effort to limit overuse of antibiotics.

The non-profit organisation Prescrire, which focuses on information about medicine, wrote in a chapter they contributed to the report that while some of the European Commission’s measures were welcome, others were concerning.

One of the many measures they rejected included the Commission’s proposal to reduce the number of days of scientific evaluation of drugs from 210 to 180, which they said was necessary time rather than an “administrative obstacle”.

While the NGO welcomed some measures such as government drug shortage prevention plans, it said the Commission should allow EU states to require pharmaceutical companies to have safety stocks of medicine and sanction those that do not respect them.

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French consumer organisation UFC-Que Choisir and the European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) said that they had hoped MEPs would shorten the length of time for “data protection” to allow generic medicines to be marketed more quickly.

Instead, MEPs approved shortening the period to 7.5 years, “which is almost the same duration as the current 8 years [yet] within the framework of the text adopted by Parliament, companies can gain additional months of protection under certain conditions to reach a total of 8.5 years,” UFC-Que Choisir said.

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The EU announced pharmaceutical industry reforms in 2023 to address medication shortages.

Globally, 28 countries face a penicillin shortage, with the US and Canada lacking amoxicillin, and high energy prices reducing profits for pharmaceutical companies.

Title:

Content: Experts have recorded a shortage of antibiotics in the world due to the increase in the number of infectious diseases.
On December 21, writes the Financial Times with reference to the head of the group of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the supply of medicines and ensuring access to them Lisa Hedman, reports Day.Az.
Twenty-eight of the 35 countries for which WHO collects data are deficient in penicillin-type drugs.
In the United States and Canada complained about the lack of amoxicillin.
Less is known about the situation in poor or small countries, according to Hedman.
It is noted that in addition to the difficulties experienced by pharmaceutical manufacturers in the pandemic, the current situation is complicated by high energy prices, and this leads to a decrease in profits of companies.
In addition, countries, according to Hedman, did not expect that in the first year without masks, respiratory infections would hit the population so hard.
In addition to antibiotics, pharmacists also complain about the lack of painkillers, drugs for tuberculosis and drugs for skin infections.

A pharmaceutical shortage has been reported in 27 European countries since 2022, affecting Tunisia, Egypt, and Turkey with significant drug losses.

Title:

Content: Thursday 18-07-2024
Medication crisis in regional markets.
The Jordan Golden Box
The history of the pharmaceutical industry dates back to the Middle Ages, where the first Islamic pharmaceutical store was established in Baghdad in 754, while the Arab pharmaceutical industry dates back to 1938, where the first Arab pharmaceutical industry was established in Egypt, followed by Syria in 1956, Jordan in 1960, Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf countries in 1980.
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In the 19th century, pharmaceutical industries developed in Europe and America, and in the 1950s, the development of industries began to develop a more sophisticated scientific and systematic approach until the introduction of innovative pharmaceutical, biological and biological analogs, including vaccines, in addition to the recent introduction of artificial intelligence in manufacturing, production and marketing and all components of the health system.
Most Arab pharmaceutical industries have not been able to enter this field due to the high cost and lack of infrastructure sometimes and their dependence on the production of sexual and similar products in addition to flooding the markets with similar products by local companies. In the future, most pharmaceutical industries will continue to enter this field as it is the most important element of progress and the gate of scientific and technical investment.
It is worth mentioning that the size of the global pharmaceutical market is about 1.5 trillion dollars, while the size of the Arab pharmaceutical market is about 38 billion dollars, the Gulf is about 18 billion dollars, the Saudi market is the largest with about 9.2 billion dollars and the UAE 4.5 billion dollars, while the size of the Turkish market is 33 billion dollars, the African 100 billion dollars and the Egyptian about 8 billion dollars. Pharmaceuticals from various European and American companies, which account for more than 65% of the global market share, and a quick look at the volume of investment in the pharmaceutical sector in Turkey, where the volume of investment in the pharmaceutical sector is 6 billion dollars through 760 pharmaceutical factories and 11 factories of raw materials.
In Egypt, where the volume of investment in the pharmaceutical sector is 3 billion dollars, there are 191 factories, 799 production lines, hundreds of manufacturers, 81 thousand pharmacies and 1200 pharmaceutical warehouses. In Saudi Arabia, where she leads a major campaign to encourage and localize investments in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries and focuses on research and development. The UAE is also working to promote investment in the pharmaceutical sector inside and outside the country, where the volume of the pharmaceutical market is close to $4 billion.
In the past years, the pharmaceutical authorities in more than 27 European countries reported a shortage and loss of medicines and the crisis has extended since 2022 and worsened in the other two years to reach the neighboring markets in Egypt, Turkey and Lebanon, where more than 500 drugs have been lost in Tunisia, 1000 drugs in the Egyptian market and 2000 drugs in the Turkish market. Supply and demand are dead, or regional instability and refugee flows.
Drug security is an essential component of a country ’ s national security system.
Although some countries have moved to take protective measures to ensure the drug reaches those who deserve it, the series of drug outages has remained a nightmare for their governments and could last for five years.
Locally, the Jordanian pharmaceutical market is about 1.3 billion, and the volume of employment in the pharmaceutical sector is about 35,000, and the volume of foreign investment is modest, not exceeding $100 million.
In Jordan, the most prestigious country in the pharmaceutical industry, which began since 1960 without interruption, and the Jordanian medicine gained consumer confidence and was able to enter more than eighty Arab and international pharmaceutical markets, where there are 23 factories, 61 production lines, 4000 pharmacies and 500 pharmaceutical warehouses.
In spite of the regional circumstances, the Jordanian pharmaceutical market remained stable as a result of the golden box, which is represented by the prudent government procedures in dealing with the refugee file and the Corona pandemic, the stability of the legislative environment, the modernization of the investment environment legislation and the continuous official support for local industries. Keeping pace with global developments and meet attracting more investments and the needs of the local and regional market to ensure the entry of new investments and work to localize them and not to waste available opportunities and expand the umbrella of reference pricing and review profits in the pharmaceutical sector to facilitate the entry of investments to the local market and simplify procedures and encourage the rational use of medicines. The destruction of infrastructure, the collapse of the health system and the displacement of the people of Gaza, and this requires taking the initiative to complete Jordan's leading and preventive role, especially as Jordan has stability in legislation and transparency in the pharmaceutical sector and move towards localizing more investments in the field of innovative medicines and biotechnologies and building local and international partnerships instead of imitating similar industries.
There is nothing to prevent the entry of sovereign investment funds to the state from entering this field, as these funds do in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
It has become a necessary and important step in the golden box to accelerate the establishment of a platform to lead the transformation in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, build strategic partnerships, introduce artificial intelligence system in the pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical sector, and attract investments to enhance national and regional Arab pharmaceutical security before it is too late.

The EU planned a solidarity mechanism and an early warning system to prevent medication shortages.

Title:

Content: Brussels is planning for EU countries to share vital medicines and take emergency measures to avoid a repeat of shortages that hit the bloc a year ago.

The European Commission is proposing a “voluntary solidarity mechanism” requested by France and Germany and an early warning system flagging when drugs become scarce, according to draft proposals seen by the Financial Times. If insufficient donors come forward, EU capitals will be allowed to tap into an EU-funded stockpile set up during the Covid-19 pandemic and take other emergency measures.

In December and January western countries suffered a shortage of antibiotics including penicillin and amoxicillin, and painkillers such as paracetamol, especially in medicines used by children.

Among the emergency measures floated to prevent a repeat of that crisis, the commission could allow the extension of a drug’s shelf life, fast track approvals of alternative suppliers and support production increases.

Brussels will also encourage joint procurement of drugs from 2024 and medicine swaps with countries in the southern hemisphere, where peak winter demand happens at a different time.

The commission will draw up guidance for national stockpiles in 2024 and establish a Critical Medicines Alliance bringing governments, industry and civil society together. The commission declined to comment.

Three-quarters of countries reported a worsening of drug shortages in 2022, according to an industry survey. EU manufacturing is heavily reliant on imported active pharmaceutical ingredients from China and India.

Rising demand and disruption to supply chains have been compounded by inflation hitting the production of generic drugs, which typically sell at much lower prices than branded versions.

France has been actively encouraging the reshoring of basic medicine supply, with a giant paracetamol factory set to open in the country next year.

The EU is discussing whether to provide more funding for domestic production.

The commission’s proposal is scheduled to be approved on October 25 and could still change. Initially non-binding, it could lead to a Critical Medicines Act, with Brussels drawing up a list of vital medicines by year-end.

The commission also urges member states and the European parliament to approve its overhaul of pharmaceutical legislation, put forward in April. It includes plans to take control of drug production in the event of a public health emergency, a requirement for stockholders to inform Brussels of supply levels and for manufacturers to give early warnings of shortages.

An analysis by the European Medicines Agency and the commission found that unless there is unexpected demand the EU should avoid an antibiotics shortage this year.

“The information available today suggests that — if demand in the coming winter season does not differ significantly from the demand of recent years — the supply to the EU of key antibiotics seems to generally match demand,” the analysis said.

“However, this depends strongly on the compliance of industry with their legal obligations to ensure supply and their ability to adapt.”

Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2023. All rights reserved.
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Three-quarters of countries reported worsening drug shortages in 2022 due to rising demand and supply chain disruptions.

Inflation affected generic drug production, prompting France to encourage reshoring of basic medicine supply.

Medicine shortage has been increasing globally for over 10 years due to economic incentives and low margins.

Title:

Content: The Chairman of the World Medical Association (WMA) Frank Ulrich Montgomery, against the background of a shortage of certain types of drugs, called for the creation of a pan-European reserve of medicines.
This opinion he expressed in an interview published on Monday to the media group Funke, reports Day.Az with reference to TASS.
Montgomery noted that the shortage of medicines has been increasing for more than 10 years.
“The reason is misplaced economic incentives for the pharmaceutical industry, ” he said.
“For consumer goods that are not subject to patent protection, margins are estimated to be low, ‘ big pharmaceuticals ’ are no longer interested in these drugs and are shifting production to low-wage countries such as China or India.
If there is a factory burned down, the main substance is lost or there are defects in quality - suddenly the medicine will disappear all over the world, "said the head of the WMA.
A reserve of drugs at EU level as a “commitment to the pharmaceutical industry controlled and managed by the state and the medical community, ” according to Montgomery, should be created immediately.
In addition, politicians should return production sites to Europe with appropriate economic conditions.
Supply chains must be legally secured by several drug manufacturers.
Last week, pediatricians from several European countries wrote a letter to their health ministers condemning the shortage of medicines.
The German Ministry of Health recently officially announced a shortage of juices with antibiotics for children - this means that import rules can be relaxed.
The World Medical Association is an international organization, which includes more than 100 national associations of doctors, including the Russian one.
It is engaged in the development of ethical standards in medical activities, mandatory for doctors of all countries.
The association was established in 1947.

Big pharmaceuticals' shift to low-wage countries has impacted the global supply chain, prompting a proposed EU-level drug reserve.

99% of hospital pharmacists report shortages of 309 drugs, near an all-time high.

Title:

Content: As drug shortage list grows, many hospitals face tough decisions on rationing care

More than half of hospital pharmacists are reporting a critical shortage of chemotherapy drugs and nearly all are reporting overall medicine supply gaps as prescription drug shortages near an all time high, according to a new survey.

Hospital pharmacists said drug shortages have forced 1 in 3 health systems to delay, cancel or ration care or switch to alternate drugs to continue to treat patients. And 99% are reporting some drug supply shortages, an American Society of Health-System Pharmacists survey of more than 1,000 pharmacists released Thursday found.

The organization reported shortages of 309 drugs, near the all-time high of 320 shortages in 2014. The scarcity of key drugs is prompting hospitals to find or substitute drugs and change treatment plans as needed.

“In some cases, there are no alternatives to the affected drugs, which puts patients at risk," ASHP Chief Executive Officer Paul W. Abramowitz said in a statement. "This issue requires quick action from Congress to address the underlying causes of shortages and ensure patients have the medications they need.”

Cancer drug shortages

In June, the Food and Drug Administration said it will temporarily allow overseas drug manufacturers to import some chemotherapy drugs.

The FDA allowed Qilu Pharmaceutical, a drug manufacturer in China, to import the injectable chemotherapy drug cisplatin in 50-milligram vials. Toronto pharmaceutical company Apotex Corp. will distribute the medication in the United States.

More than a dozen cancer drugs have been in shortage in recent months, including cisplatin and carboplatin, used to treat lung, breast, prostate and gynecologic cancers. The National Cancer Institute said cisplatin and similar drugs are prescribed for 10% to 20% of all cancer patients.

In June, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network released a survey of 27 academic cancer centers that found 93% reported shortages of carboplatin and 70% faced shortages of cisplatin.

When cancer hospitals face such shortages, they attempt to make sure there's enough medication for patients to finish the course of treatment, said Mike Ganio, ASHP's senior director of pharmacy practice and quality.

Cancer hospitals facing such shortages might change medications for new patients starting on chemotherapy, said Ganio, a former pharmacy manager at an academic cancer center.

"You try to keep that patient on the same regimen as much as you can, unless they're failing it for some reason, and then you would switch," Ganio said.

Steroids, hormonal drugs also in short supply

More than 1 in 5 hospital pharmacists also reported shortages for steroids, hormonal drugs and oral liquids such as lidocaine, ibuprofen and amoxicillin.

A smaller number of pharmacists said heart medications, emergency prefilled syringes and drugs used for intensive care unit patients were in short supply. Others reported shortages of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicines, antimicrobial drugs and injectable opioids.

In all, about two-thirds of pharmacists said the shortages were "moderately impactful," which means they are managing shortages but patients are affected.

Pharmacists are managing the shortages by offering therapeutic alternatives, buying different vial sizes or concentrations and rationing medicines.

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Survey: Drug shortages are widespread, hospitals ration care

One-third of health systems delay or ration care due to shortages, impacting 10-20% of cancer patients with drug shortages.

The FDA allows import of overseas chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, due to shortages.

Russia, 90% dependent on foreign pharmaceuticals, can face shortages due to sanctions.

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Health Crisis 2024 expert From pharmacies continue to disappear important drugs.
Why Russia has not yet established their production
Important medicines continue to disappear from pharmacies.
Why Russia has not yet established their production
Roszdravnadzor claims that everything is enough with the stock.
However, this is not visible on the shelves.
Recently, important drugs are regularly missing from pharmacies throughout Russia.
In the first days of April, diabetics could not find ultrafast insulin Fiasp on the shelves.
Following him, the vital drug from oncology "Uromitexan" disappeared.
At the same time, Roszdravnadzor assures: medicines continue to be produced in the country, and they are even with a reserve.
But why are they not in pharmacies and what will happen to the assortment next?
These and other questions about the "Schrödinger drugs" MSK1.RU asked experts in the field of pharmaceuticals.
And this is how they explained the disappearance of the drugs.
Failed to collect the needs
Most drugs for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, HIV and similar serious diseases are supplied to pharmacies through government channels.
To do this, the authorities must collect requests from the regions, form a tender purchase and deliver the received medicines to pharmacies.
However, as the expert of the pharmaceutical market Nikola Milevchich told MSK1.RU, in these processes there are often failures.
— If there was no such tender, this procedure does not start.
There have been no tender purchases for a long time, the remains of medicines have been bought out in pharmacies, and we see a shortage of these products in the retail chain, ” he explained.
According to the expert, delays in procurement occur for various reasons.
For example, if the Ministry of Health has not yet collected applications from the regions or they themselves did not have time to provide the necessary information.
In addition, drugs may not be purchased, because pharmacies have stocks from last year, and they are not necessary.
— The first quarter is always quite difficult, because the money is allocated for a year, and while the state will distribute the money, issue a tender, deliver goods — it ’ s a few months, — explained Milevčić in an interview with MSK1.RU. — It happens that the supplies of the fourth quarter are loaded in the first quarter in the account of the previous year.
Moreover, priority areas, products, the list of vital drugs are constantly changing.
They want to raise the price, but they can ’ t.
There are other reasons for the lack of medicines in pharmacies.
One of them is sanctions.
In 2022, many foreign pharmaceutical companies made statements about changes in their work in Russia.
Some have stopped investing, others have suspended clinical research.
Most of them stopped providing medicines.
In some places you can still find the remains of foreign drugs, but they are not endless.
And the production of analogues takes time.
And although the government has already formed a list of priority molecules that are now being actively introduced for production at Russian plants, most of the components for the production of equivalent replacements need to be brought from abroad.
Currently, Russia is 90% dependent on the supply of pharmaceutical substances from abroad.
And logistics in the last couple of years has noticeably become more complicated and, as a result, has risen in price.
Further simple mathematics.
In order not only to recapture costs, but also to earn, it is desirable for manufacturers to raise prices for their product.
But they can't do that.
Especially when it comes to those drugs that are included in the list of vital and essential (VED).
By law, they must be sold at a fixed registered price.
And there's practically no Navara here.
- Manufacturers often refuse to register and leave the market due to the fact that they do not get the opportunity to re-register their price, - said MSK1.RU Nikola Milevchich.
There are no analogues
At the same time, according to one of the sources of MSK1.RU in the field of pharmaceuticals, analogues of some drugs in Russia have not yet learned to produce.
And the original has to be transported from abroad, but through neutral intermediary countries.
- Some production facilities, of course, are localized, however, there is a wide range of drugs included in the list of VED, the production of which, for one reason or another, is impossible within the country, - said our source. - Because of this, we have to reorient the logistics chains and add neutral countries that did not exist before.
If earlier drugs could be directly brought to Russia from Switzerland or France, now neutral countries are added to this chain, which include, for example, India, China and some Asian states.
And this directly affects both the delivery time and the cost of drugs on the market.
Due to the increase in transport costs, those drugs that disappear from pharmacies are returned at much higher prices.
One of the brightest examples is the drug "Zepatir" for the treatment of hepatitis C. Until 2022, it cost up to 10 thousand rubles, and now it is 90 thousand, "the source told MSK1.RU.
Zepatir is manufactured by the American pharmaceutical company MSD.
She notified the Russian Ministry of Health of the termination of deliveries in 2023.
According to pharmacists, there are no analogues of the drug.
By this principle, drugs for ASIT therapy (allergen-specific immunotherapy, when the allergy is injected with small doses of the allergen that is the cause of the disease) - "Staloral birch", "Staloral mites", "Oralair meadow herbs" have soared in price.
Prices for it go up to 9 thousand rubles.
What About Essential Medicines
If the drug included in the list of VED disappears from pharmacies, the Ministry of Health should solve the problem of its shortage as soon as possible.
It can offer an analogue or contact the manufacturer and demand an acceleration of deliveries.
— There are funds, social groups that, with the support and consent of the Ministry of Health, make urgent purchases and supplies for certain patients with a threat to life due to the fact that there is no necessary drug.
This is a kind of force majeure, a way out of the situation, where, of course, the state must find a solution for these patients, ” said Milevcic.
When the Ministry of Health finds an analogue of the missing drug, it adds it to the list of VED.
However, even an analogue must undergo certain research and registration, so it will not work in a short time.
How long it will take, our experts have not been able to clarify.
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