Quantum computing is a rapidly developing field with the potential to solve complex problems beyond classical computers' capabilities.

China has developed a third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer with 198 qubits, including 72 working qubits.

IBM, Google, and Taiwan are key players in quantum technology, with significant advancements in quantum computing.

Countries like Taiwan and Russia are investing heavily in quantum computing, with Russia developing a four-qubit quantum ion computer prototype and qudits.

Quantum error correction, crucial for practical quantum computers, has seen significant progress, including the development of codes like Shor and Bacon-Shor.

Google and IBM have achieved quantum supremacy using their Sycamore and Eagle processors, respectively.

China achieved quantum supremacy with the Zuchongzhi processor, featuring superconducting qubits with 99% accuracy.

Quantum computing, which could revolutionize fields like medicine and finance, is being heavily invested in by countries such as the US, China, and Germany.

Quantum computing differs from traditional devices and requires optimal methods to aid AI algorithm development.

The current quantum computing landscape is limited, requiring specialized skills and training.

Quantum computing integrates with AI and machine learning, and has applications in communication and coding systems.

Quantum computing may revolutionize industries like finance, pharmaceuticals, and automotive.

Quantum computers can solve problems faster and simulate complex reactions accurately, but require near absolute zero temperature.

Researchers and companies, including Keysight and Q-CTRL, are integrating quantum computing with AI, machine learning, and IoT to accelerate quantum processor development.

Quantum computing is a rapidly evolving field expected to significantly impact various industries.

Quantum computing is a rapidly developing field with the potential to solve complex problems beyond classical computers' capabilities.

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Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
China 's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer online
Dai Wei
01 / 07 / 2024 09: 09 | Source: Xinhua Network
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Original title: China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer online
The reporter learned from the Anhui Quantum Computing Engineering Research Center and the Anhui Key Laboratory of Quantum Computing Chip on the 6th that China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer "The Source Wukong" was launched at 9: 00 on the same day in the Source Quantum Computing Technology (Hefei) Co., Ltd.
It is understood that the quantum computer is equipped with 72 independent superconducting quantum chips "Wukong core", which is currently an advanced programmable, deliverable superconducting quantum computer.
The superconducting quantum computer is a quantum computer based on a superconducting circuit quantum chip.
Internationally, IBM and Google quantum computers are using superconducting technology routes.
According to Dr. Kong Weicheng, deputy director of Anhui Quantum Computing Engineering Research Center, “Benyuan Wukong ” matches Benyuan ’ s third-generation quantum computing measurement and control system“ Benyuan Sky Machine ”, which truly landed the batch automated test of quantum chips, and the overall operation efficiency of quantum computers has been greatly improved.
According to Dr. Jia Zhilong, deputy director of the Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory, "Wukong" is equipped with a 72-bit superconducting quantum chip "Wukong Core", with a total of 198 qubits, including 72 working qubits and 126 coupler qubits.
It is understood that the superconducting quantum computer released this time is named "Wukong", derived from the mythological figure in Chinese traditional culture, Sun Wukong, which means "72 changes" like Sun Wukong.
(Editor: Shen Jiaping, Yang Di)
Public Number ： People 's Network Finance
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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

China has developed a third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer with 198 qubits, including 72 working qubits.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

IBM, Google, and Taiwan are key players in quantum technology, with significant advancements in quantum computing.

Title:

Content: Go to main content
First Quantum Computer in Taiwan
Academia Sinica has spent more than two years successfully developing 5-bit computers, and President Tsai Ing-wen affirms that "the world will see Taiwan's scientific and technological strength"
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Taiwan ’ s first “5-bit superconducting quantum computer ” has been launched! Academia Sinica President Liao Junzhi said that he will organize a national team of quantum technology to shorten the time for the industrialization of quantum technology by taking advantage of Taiwan ’ s semiconductor advantages and high-tech manufacturing strengths.
President Tsai Ing-wen also said that quantum computers will become the next generation of technology industries after chip manufacturing, and let the world see Taiwan's strong technological strength.
Academia Sinica held a quantum computer project center research and development results released on the 29th, Tsai Ing-wen said during an inspection, Academia Sinica can independently develop a 5-bit quantum computer in just more than two years, it is not easy.
Academia Sinica ’ s Quantum Technology Research Base, located in the southern campus, will develop a quantum chip manufacturing process and a quantum computer system architecture by the end of this year, and seek to cooperate in the development of real estate research and development, and jointly gain an opportunity for Taiwan ’ s quantum development.
It is understood that quantum computers are different from today's bit computers, characterized by amazing computing speed, can handle supercomputers can not solve complex computing, the future once the actual application, will subvert, biochemical pharmaceutical, artificial intelligence, network and financial technology and other fields.
Looking at the world, only the United States, China, Japan, the Netherlands, Finland, the industry is leading by IBM and Google.
In contrast, quantum chips are the core key components of quantum computers. Superconducting quantum chips have their special process conditions and requirements, and Taiwan has completed a 5-bit prototype product.
Chen Chi-tung, a special research fellow at Academia Sinica's Institute of Physics and Applied Science Research Center, points out that the world's largest gate for quantum technology research and development is a chip, and there are still fundamental problems that need to be solved, such as removing the atomic molecular impurities that interfere with the quantum bit signal, and not directly applying current semiconductor technology.
However, semiconductor, IC design, and advanced technology manufacturing are Taiwan's biggest advantages in the development of quantum computers, coupled with the design of quantum chips and the control system of quantum bits, Taiwan is also the most advantageous in the world.
Chen also says that the development process of 5-bit superconducting quantum computers can establish a domestic quantum computer ecosystem, and the control system of quantum bits is a high-speed digital electronic instrument that can be provided to domestic companies for testing and development, and the close integration of quantum computers and high-performance computers will improve the overall computing performance.
Wu Cheng-chung, chairman of the National Science Council, said that Academia Sinica's self-made superconducting quantum technology into 8-inch wafers represents Taiwan's opening to the industrialization of quantum technology, and Taiwan has talent and commercialization experience, and future cooperation with the National Science Council will also create Taiwan's international bright spots.
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Countries like Taiwan and Russia are investing heavily in quantum computing, with Russia developing a four-qubit quantum ion computer prototype and qudits.

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Content: Sections
Digitalization of IT in the public sector Import independence
Russian scientists have figured out how to dramatically increase the performance of a quantum computer
Scientists from Russia have found a way to increase the performance of a quantum computer.
To do this, they used qudits, which allow you to significantly reduce not only the number, but also the time of calculations.
And this, in turn, will allow you to run more complex and complex quantum algorithms.
A new approach
Russian scientists have figured out how to increase the performance of a quantum processor.
This CNews told representatives of the National Research Technological University MISIS.
Scientists from MISIS and the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) have proposed a new approach for launching quantum algorithms using additional levels of the quantum system.
The method improved the final quality of quantum algorithms.
This article was published in the scientific journal Entropy.
Qubits and Qudits
Now most of the research on quantum operations is focused on qubits - all operations that apply to a quantum system are represented in the form of one- and two-qubit quantum gates that convert the input states of qubits at the weekend according to a certain law, the representatives of MISIS note.
Photo: MISIS
Head of the Laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies MISIS Alexey Fedorov
The main way to improve the performance of quantum processors is to increase the number of their qubits (the smallest unit of information in a quantum computer).
At the same time, ions or atoms, which often act as qubits, have more than two levels and can work not only as qubits, but also as qubits (an expanded version of a qubit).
There are three (three), four (four), five (five), and four (four).
These states allow for denser encoding of data in physical media.
And allow you to run more complex and complex quantum algorithms.
Thus, the power of the quantum processor increases and operations can be performed much faster.
What is the novelty
Scientists of MISIS and RCC considered one of the ways of using kukvintov (five-level kudites) and presented an effective model of decomposition of the generalized Toffoli valve.
As an example, Grover's quantum algorithm for searching through a disordered database is considered.
Using only this valve, you can build any reversible classical logic scheme, for example, an arithmetic device or a classical processor.
The advantage of qubits is that their space can be considered as the space of two qubits with a common additional level, explained the head of the laboratory of quantum information technologies MISIS Alexei Fedorov.
This helps to simultaneously reduce the number of physical media, and use the additional layer as an auxiliary state to simplify the decomposition of multi-qubit valves (complex logical operations with qubits) or reduce their number.
This improves the quality of the algorithms.
The results obtained by the scientists apply to quantum processors based on various physical platforms, such as ions, neutral atoms, superconducting circuits and others.
Quantum computers in Russia
In December 2021, Russia created a prototype of a quantum ion computer of four qubits.
The prototype was created within the framework of the “road map ” on quantum computing, carried out by Rosatom.
On its basis, by the end of 2024, they are going to build a universal quantum computer with cloud access.
In 2021, the state corporation allocated more than 6 billion rubles for the development of quantum technologies and the creation of the necessary research infrastructure.
By 2024, more than 23 billion rubles will be allocated for the creation of a quantum computer.
In 2022, physicists increased the power of a quantum computer to five qubits.
On April 5, 2023, remote access to an ion computer was opened in Russia for the first time.
Kristina Kholupova

What are important areas in quantum research?

new types of qubits
implementations of quantum processors

Quantum error correction, crucial for practical quantum computers, has seen significant progress, including the development of codes like Shor and Bacon-Shor.

Title:

Content: The Extra Complexity of Quantum Mechanics: How Quantum Computers Will Correct Errors in the Future
2021 / 11 / 29 10: 31: 12 Source: Sina Technology Author: Ren Tianren Editor: Gucheng
Beijing time November 29 news, according to foreign media reports, the topic of quantum error correction is far less than "quantum hegemony", for the application of quantum computers, quantum error correction is far more important than quantum hegemony.
So, what kind of error correction will a practical quantum computer take? Recently, researchers demonstrated on a real machine.
The state of a single qubit needs to be changed to 9 qubits for error correction.
In 1994, Peter Shore, a mathematician at Bell Labs in New Jersey, proved that quantum computers could solve some problems much faster than classical machines, even exponentially.
The question is, can we build a quantum computer?
Skeptics argue that the quantum state is so fragile that the environment will inevitably confuse the information in a quantum computer so that it is not a quantum state at all.
A year later, Peter Shore responded.
The classic error correction scheme is to correct errors by measuring a single bit, but this method is not suitable for qubits, because any measurement will destroy the quantum state and thus interfere with quantum computing.
Shure found a way to detect if an error occurred without measuring the state of the qubit itself.
This approach marks the beginning of the field of quantum error correction.
As the field flourished, most physicists began to see Shur ’ s algorithm as the only way to build practical quantum computers.
Without this approach, there is no way to improve the performance of quantum computers so that they can solve really difficult problems.
As with normal quantum computing, developing error correction code is one thing, and implementing it in a working machine is another.
However, in early October 2021, a research team led by University of Maryland physicist Chris Monroe reported that they successfully demonstrated multiple elements necessary for Shur ’ s error correction circuit to operate.
So, how did Peter Shore solve this problem?
In short, he took advantage of the extra complexity of quantum mechanics.
Repeated comparison
Peter Shore modeled the code for classical repeaters when designing error correction codes, which involved copying each bit of information and then periodically checking those copies.
If one of these bits is different from the other, the computer can correct the error and proceed with the calculation.
In the quantum error-correcting coding designed by Shure, he used three separate “physical ” qubits to encode a single qubit of information, namely“ logical ” qubits.
Of course, his quantum relay encoding cannot be exactly the same as the classical version.
The advantage of quantum computing essentially comes from the fact that qubits can exist in a “superposition ” of 0 and 1 at the same time.
Since measuring the quantum state disrupts this superposition, there is no direct way to check if an error has occurred.
The classic error correction scheme is to correct errors by measuring a single bit, but this method is not suitable for qubits, because any measurement will destroy the quantum state and thus interfere with quantum computing.
In order to solve this problem, quantum error correction coding needs to find another way to detect the state of the qubit.
Instead, Shure found a way to tell if the three physical qubits were in the same state.
If one of the qubits is different, it indicates that an error has occurred.
Checking whether a qubit has gone wrong is not much different from solving a simple logic puzzle.
If you were given three balls that looked exactly the same, but one of them might have different weights; and if you were given a simple balance, what measure would you use to determine if there were balls of different quality? If so, which ball?
The answer is, first pick out the two balls and compare their weights, then replace one of them with the remaining balls, and check again.
If the balance is balanced twice, then all the balls are the same weight; if the balance is balanced only once, then the ball being replaced or the ball being replaced is of different weight; if the balance is not balanced twice, then the ball that is still is of different quality.
The Shur code replaces the balance with two additional "auxiliary" qubits.
First, compare the first auxiliary qubit with the first and second physical qubits; then, compare the other auxiliary qubit with the second and third physical qubits.
By measuring the state of these auxiliary qubits, it is possible to know whether they are in the same state without interfering with the three physical qubits containing information.
This code prevents what ’ s called a “bit flip ” — the only error that can occur in classical computing.
However, qubits have another potential source of error.
Superposition is the key to quantum computing, but what matters is not just the value of the qubits, but the relative “phases ” between the qubits are also important.
You can imagine the phase as a wave, which describes the position of the crest and trough of the wave.
When two waves are in phase, their ripples are synchronized.
If two waves collide, they will produce constructively interfere, merging into a wave twice as large; but if two waves are inverse, then when one wave is at its peak and the other at its lowest, they will cancel each other out, that is, destructive interference.
The quantum algorithm uses the phase relationship between qubits to set a situation in which the correct result of the calculation is interfered for a long time, thereby being amplified, and the wrong result is eliminated by the cancellation interference.
However, if an error causes a phase reversal, the cancelling interference becomes a phase long interference, and the quantum computer begins to amplify the wrong result.
Peter Shure discovered that he could correct phase errors using a principle similar to that of bit-flipping.
Each logical qubit is encoded into three qubits, and the auxiliary qubit checks if one of the phases is flipped.
Shure then combined the two codes to obtain a code that could convert a logical qubit into nine physical qubits, correcting bit flips and phase errors.
fault-tolerant
Shur's coding can, in principle, protect a single logical qubit from error.
But what if the error measurement itself is wrong?
In this case, when you try to correct an error that doesn ’ t exist, there may be a bit flip that unknowingly introduces a real error.
In some cases, this can cause an error cascade to propagate into the code.
Shur ’ s coding also didn ’ t consider how to operate a quantum computer built from logical qubits.
In 1996, after three years of pioneering research, Peter Shore proposed the concept of fault tolerance.
Fault-tolerant coding can handle errors introduced by the environment, errors introduced by imperfect manipulation of these qubits, and even errors introduced by the error correction step itself – provided that these errors occur less frequently than a certain threshold.
Just in October 2021, a team of researchers announced that they had successfully used the Bacon-Shor code — a fail-safe version of the Shor code — to demonstrate almost all the tools needed for a fully fault-tolerant quantum computer.
They encoded a logical qubit into a quantum state of nine ions and then used four auxiliary qubits to demonstrate that all the single-qubit operations required for quantum computing can be performed under fault-tolerant conditions.
The results show that fault-tolerant quantum computers are feasible.
However, this is still a long way off, and we will only see the advantages of error correction when the quantum computer reaches about 100 logical qubits.
Such a machine requires about 1,300 physical qubits, because each logical qubit requires nine physical qubits plus four auxiliary qubits (the largest quantum processor at the moment is IBM ’ s newly released Eagle, which has 127 physical qubits), and only then can we start building a qubit factory and then introduce error correction coding.
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What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

Google and IBM have achieved quantum supremacy using their Sycamore and Eagle processors, respectively.

Title:

Content: Google, IBM and China have already achieved quantum supremacy. Now they face another challenge: the correction of errors

Quantum supremacy is no longer at the center of the debate. It was at the end of 2019 because it came to light that the Google team led by John Martinis had managed to achieve it using its Sycamore quantum processor, and no one had done it until that moment. The noise that this news caused when it broke was justified.

But a year later, in December 2020, the group of Chinese researchers led by Jian-Wei Pan published an article in Science showing that I had also reached using its Zuchongzhi superconducting processor. And a year later, in November 2021, IBM followed suit and announced that it had reached this milestone using its 127-qubit Eagle quantum processor.

At this point no one doubts that quantum computers have come a long way. And, furthermore, they have done it in a real record time if we bear in mind that the first solid theoretical proposals arrived in the mid-1990s. And they are already capable of solving a few problems (very few still). in much less time than the most advanced supercomputers we currently have.

In fact, this is what quantum supremacy consists of: in solving in a short period of time, a few minutes or a few hours, a problem in which a classical supercomputer would spend many years. Even several centuries. Or millennia. Right now it is not too important whether these problems have practical applications or not. Whether or not they are relevant. We are still establishing the foundations of quantum computing, and the important thing is to face the challenges that are around the corner.

In search of higher quality qubits

One of the biggest challenges facing researchers involved in the development of quantum computing is delaying the onset of quantum decoherence. This phenomenon occurs when the necessary conditions for a system that is in an entangled quantum state to be maintained disappear.

Perhaps a slightly simpler way of describing it is to see it as a system that stops behaving as dictated by the rules of quantum mechanics when certain conditions are met, beginning to behave from that moment on as dictated by the rules of classical physics. . When does quantum decoherence appear? quantum effects disappear. And, therefore, also the advantages that they bring in the context of quantum computing.

The time it takes for quantum decoherence to appear is closely linked to the quality of the qubits

This phenomenon is very important because it helps us understand why many macroscopic physical systems do not exhibit quantum effects. Or, what is the same, why in our daily environment we cannot observe the counterintuitive effects of quantum mechanics. In any case, what is really relevant is that as the the quality of the qubits of a quantum processor, the longer it takes for quantum decoherence to appear. And, for this reason, we have more time available to carry out operations with it.

The two qubit fabrication technologies that are currently giving us the best results are superconducting qubits, which benefit greatly from recent advances in silicon lithography, and ion traps. However, some research groups also have other very promising technologies on the table that are worth pursuing, such as neutral atoms or the ions implanted in macromolecules.

IBM already has a 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor, and by the end of 2023 it plans to have Condor ready, a promising quantum chip with no less than 1,121 qubits.

We already brush the correction of errors with the tips of our fingers

The other big challenge facing quantum computing right now is error correction. Quantum computers make errors when carrying out some operations, and when this happens, the results they return to us are not correct, of course. The problem is that implementing a quantum error correction protocol it’s not trivial. And furthermore, if they abound, it is essentially impossible to correct them and simultaneously prevent the quantum processor’s efficiency from sinking.

Fortunately, we have good news. As we told you a few days ago, three independent research groups have managed to perfect superconducting qubits that have an accuracy greater than 99%. This simply means that they make mistakes very infrequently, and the good news is that when they are so infrequent it is easier to correct them. Much easier.

When the incidence of errors is less than 1%, it is much easier for quantum fault-correction protocols to carry out their task

In fact, these research groups ensure that when the incidence of errors is less than 1% quantum fault-correction protocols find it much easier to do their job. At the moment they are working with only one or two qubits, and these quantum processors are too simple to solve significant problems, but if they manage to scale this technology to many more qubits, quantum computers could leave behind one of the biggest challenges they currently face. .

As we have just seen, quantum computing is advancing at a breakneck pace. The entry of private companies in this sector you are greatly accelerating your progress, but before we get carried away with enthusiasm, it is important that we keep in mind that there are other challenges that are also crucial to solve.

Two of the most substantial are the need to control qubits more precisely, and also the importance of implementing new quantum algorithms that they are able to help us tackle the problems that we cannot solve with the most powerful classical supercomputers that we have today. Still, the future for quantum computing is hopeful. And, above all, very promising.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

China achieved quantum supremacy with the Zuchongzhi processor, featuring superconducting qubits with 99% accuracy.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

China's "Zu Chongzhi-2" quantum supremacy experiment

Quantum computing, which could revolutionize fields like medicine and finance, is being heavily invested in by countries such as the US, China, and Germany.

Title:

Content: After Japan's Fujitsu announced the commercialization of quantum computers in the next year, the mainland network giant Baidu also announced that it will promote industrial superconducting quantum computers.
Baidu Chief Technology Officer Wang Haifeng released his industrial-grade quantum computer “Qianshi ” at the 2022 Quantum Developers Conference, promoting the world ’ s first full-platform quantum computing software and hardware integration program,“ Volume Xi ”, so that quantum technology from the laboratory to industrialization.
According to the "Sina network" reported, Baidu said, "Qianshi" is a set of quantum hardware, software platform, quantum applications of industrial superconducting quantum computer, "volume xi" is the platform quantum software and hardware integrated solution.
This series of achievements and integrated innovation marks Baidu to open the entire chain from hardware, platform to application, to achieve the transformation of quantum chips to quantum applications, so that quantum from the laboratory to industrialization.
Baidu said that "Qianshi" can be used on a variety of platforms to reduce the threshold of application in the quantum industry.
The computer can use quantum computing to solve the problems that typical computers cannot handle, improve the digital economic productivity, and obtain a large amount of sub-computing power through cloud services on the software platform, providing industrial-grade quantum computing real-time services that everyone can quantum; and in artificial intelligence, quantum classification algorithms can be used to accelerate the classification of classic data and improve the accuracy of classification.
The report pointed out that since its establishment in March 2018, Baidu Quantum has released the Cloud-Based Quantum Pulse System, the Cloud-Based Quantum Machine Learning Platform, the Cloud-Based Quantum Computing Platform, and the Quantum Learning Knowledge Base, which integrates teaching materials, videos, courses and programming.
Japan ’ s Fujitsu Corporation has announced that it will work with the Institute of Physical and Chemical Sciences to promote the practical use of quantum computers, which is expected to be available to enterprises in 2023 (April 2023-March 2024).
This ground-breaking product is expected to be used for financial market forecasting, new materials and drug development.
This achievement will strengthen Japan ’ s position as the world ’ s No. 3 in quantum computing and lead to new technologies in Japan ’ s economic industry and defense and security.
According to the survey report released by IDC, the industrialization of quantum computing is entering an explosive growth stage, and the global quantum computing market will grow from $412 million in 2020 to $8.6 billion in 2027, with a six-year compound annual growth rate of more than 50%.
Article source: Baidu released the self-developed superconducting quantum computer "Qianshi"
Article source: Baidu rose more than 8% in a month to promote the industrial superconducting quantum computer "dry start" and promote quantum technology to industrialization
# Quantum # Computers # Baidu # Quantum Computing

Title:

Content: Investments in quantum computing startups reached $2.35 billion in 2022
Quantum technologies have great potential for both science and business, and attract large investments in different countries of the world, including Russia.
This is stated in the analytical report "Quantum Computing: Prospects for Business", which was prepared jointly with the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "VNIIA named after N.L. Dukhov" and the Institute of Artificial Intelligence AIRI.
“Increasing attention in the world is paid to supporting start-ups in the field of quantum technologies.
In 2022, venture investors around the world invested $2.35 billion in them.
Also last year, almost 1,600 patents were issued and published in all subfields of quantum computing: from physical implementations of quantum equipment and error correction to AI [artificial intelligence] and machine learning.
Video of the day
Leading countries, realizing the breakthrough potential of this direction, include quantum technologies in national programs and allocate increasing budgets for research.
The leader is China with $15.3 billion in government funding.
Development programs have the leading technological corporations of the world.
So, which has made a quantum processor for 433 qubits [qubit or quantum bit - the main unit of information in quantum processors and quantum computing], plans this year to increase the number of qubits to 1121, and intends to show a device for a thousand qubits after 2025.
The intention to develop a full stack of technologies for quantum computing announced and has already released to the market quantum chips on spin qubits.
In Russia, work on quantum computing is underway on four key physical platforms: superconducting qubits, photonic circuits, neutral atoms, and trapped ions.
The Russian Federation has also formed a pool of organizations, including companies, scientific institutions and universities that conduct research and development, study the applicability of quantum computing to practical tasks.
“Quantum computing can give the world an impetus to the development of new industries based on the processing of big data.
In addition, they can improve the performance and efficiency of artificial intelligence algorithms, the accuracy of models and simulations of complex systems (such as molecules of new drugs, chemical reactions or physical processes), as well as provide a new level of calculations in finance and logistics, new solutions to climate problems and cryptographic algorithms that will provide a higher level of security.
The authors of the report come to the conclusion that although no one in the world has been able to demonstrate practical quantum superiority, nevertheless, companies should plan today what will happen after its achievement.
Quantum computing is able to integrate seamlessly into data processing workflows, using adaptation tools for popular programming languages and interfaces.

Title:

Content: Artificial intelligence - a global race on quantum computing | Science and technology | Latest discoveries and studies from DW Arabia | DW | 04.09.2021
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Artificial Intelligence: A Global Race for Quantum Computing
Germany is in the midst of a frantic global race for artificial intelligence technologies through quantum computers.
The Quantum Valley Lower Saxony project will make this state a leading center for the development of quantum computing in Germany, attracting 400 researchers.
The possession of quantum computer technology has become one of the most important bets of the future for which the world powers are engaged in a feverish race to harness all the scientific and financial possibilities.
The technology is far more powerful than today ’ s best computers, employing the incredible physical properties of tiny particles.
Instead of the data storage unit (BIT) on which traditional computing operates with values of 0 and 1, the quantum scientist uses a unit (Qbits) that allows multiple values at the same time, theoretically enabling parallel calculations beyond anything known to man to date.
However, this technology is still at an experimental stage and in the future it is expected to solve complex computational problems that current computers cannot do, applying to multiple fields, including computation of tracks and more complex decoding, as well as countless application areas, such as drug development, to name a few.
In May 2021, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who has completed a PhD in quantum chemistry, launched the first quantum computer built in Germany by the American company IBM, at a time when the world is in a race against time to take the lead in this promising technology.
The Q System One, built near Stuttgart in cooperation with the German research institute Fraunhofer, has been in service since the beginning of April, and is the first device of its kind for the American company outside the United States.
Lower Saxony is also seeking to be a leading platform for the development of this technology in Germany as part of the Quantum Valley Lower Saxony project, which attracts at least 400 researchers.
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Germany - Artificial Intelligence for Quantum Computing
The major world powers have entered a frantic race over the technologies of the future that will change the way of life of humanity in the world of tomorrow.
The German government has earmarked at least €2 billion this year for the development of quantum computers, which experts say are the main entry point for artificial intelligence technologies.
Germany aims to keep pace with global competition by developing a quantum computer over the next five years.
German Minister of Scientific Research Anja Karlyschek (May 2021) said: “Quantum technologies are one of the key technologies that will be crucial in the future.
"It will allow us to make our communications completely secure, make leaps in medical technology via highly sensitive sensors, or address previously unsolvable problems in logistics or materials research via quantum computing."
Lower Saxony aims to build Germany ’ s first quantum computer and put it into operation by the end of 2025.
Using a technique called the "ion trap", ions are charged atoms, as the basic unit of computation of a computer - the ion is a qubit.
With the help of electric fields, these ions are captured and controlled by radio waves and laser beams.
Lower Saxony - Leadership in Quantum Technology
The state of Lower Saxony (eastern Germany) is seeking to take the lead in the development of quantum computer technology in Germany, in cooperation with a number of universities and research institutions, attracting the expertise of at least 400 researchers under the project "Quantum Valley Lower Saxony".
The project is expected to receive funding of 1.5 billion euros over 10 years.
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Rare bipartisan deal in U.S. Congress on tech support
Between science fiction and hard science facts, quantum technology is one of the most important breakthroughs in modern technology.
The industry is increasingly relying on highly complex computing processes in the shortest possible time frame.
However, all current quantum computers are basically just experimental or prototype devices.
The number of qubits does not have to be the only measure, but the quality of the calculations is more important.
In the future, a complete system with special algorithms and software will have to be developed so that researchers can develop technology with enormous potential.
Computers are all at the same time.
The first (mechanical) computer appeared in 1941 before a number of inventions were developed that changed the face of computing and made computers the devices we know today in terms of efficiency, smallness and lightness compared to the first models.
Despite the tremendous development of computing technologies, they still face numerous dilemmas, including, but not limited to, the constant fear of hacking and intrusion of data confidentiality.
Quantum computers go beyond the binary logic of qubits being in the states of 0 and 1 at the same time, but also in the states in between.
This means that far fewer kibbutz are needed to perform calculations, which traditional computing devices cannot.
Another advantage of quantum technology is that these processes take place at close to the speed of light.
However, the generation of quantum "bits" still poses a number of dilemmas, using superconducting elements, such as ions, "trapped" atoms, photons and other similar processes.
The ions are stimulated by microwave radiation, which can be placed in multiple states, which can then be loaded with different information.
The particles are moving.
To be able to function, it must be "frozen", with extreme cooling close to absolute zero (-273.15 ° C) using complex techniques such as magnetic fields.
In addition, qubits are unstable and react to the slightest external stimulation, such as vibrations, magnetic and electrical fields, and other factors.
watch video 02: 01
European Commission seeks to limit market power of tech giants
From a quantum computer to a neural computer.
Traditional computer chips are almost beginning to exhaust their maximum capabilities because semiconductor performance is starting to reach its physical limits.
Because chips cannot be downsized indefinitely in order to increase their performance in as little space as possible, quantum computers and neural computers are being developed as technological alternatives in the future.
As explained above, a classical computer operates with 0 and 1 binary mode geometry (i.e., current flow or no current flow).
This is specified in the bit unit.
The physical structure in a computer consists of electronic components, such as capacitors or transistors in microchips.
The primary and fundamental property of a "bit" unit is that its value is precisely defined and does not change when measured, on the other hand, the value of a "bit" does not change immediately once the value of another "bit" changes, and in a classical computer only after a certain period of time in the range of milliseconds per second.
Coinciding with the interest in quantum computers, a new technological approach has emerged and concerns computers that do not rely on artificial intelligence but mimic the human brain and are called neural computing.
It has the privilege of extremely low energy consumption, computing speed and high capacity to store information in an analogy to the functioning of the human brain.
Artificial Intelligence: The Tool of Domination in Tomorrow ’ s World
An ambitious US project has invested $170 billion for scientific research and development in the field of precision technology, such as artificial intelligence and semiconductors.
China is engaged in an economic and technological war with Western powers and the United States in particular that exploded in the form of trade battles under former President Donald Trump, and is one of the rare issues adopted by Democratic President Joe Biden after his Republican predecessor.
It enjoys broad consensus in Congress for its strategic dimension.
It has become clear that whoever wins the race for future technologies such as artificial intelligence will be the world ’ s first economy.
The U.S. project provides for $52 billion over five years to encourage companies to manufacture chips and semiconductors in the United States.
Washington believes the Chinese rival is investing at least $150 billion to develop the technologies of the future.
Hassan Zinind

What fields can quantum computers advance?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing differs from traditional devices and requires optimal methods to aid AI algorithm development.

Title:

Content: During the Artificial Intelligence Summit...
IBM Vice President: Quantum Computing Will Lead New Technologies
At the beginning of the third session at the summit headquarters at King Abdulaziz International Convention Center in Riyadh
The second edition of the Global Artificial Intelligence Summit continued its sessions on the first day, at the summit ’ s headquarters at the King Abdulaziz International Convention Center in Riyadh.
At the start of the third session of the summit, Scott Crowder, Vice President of IBM, stressed that quantum computing will lead modern technologies despite their differences from traditional devices in terms of memory and space.
He pointed out that one of the challenges facing the world lies in how to deliver quantum computing to the workforce, so as to enable them to build their skills, exploit them in the development of work tasks and reach the maximum benefit from them.
He explained that access to the optimal method of using quantum computing will contribute to providing software for the developers of algorithms to write new algorithms for artificial intelligence.
For his part, Tarek Al-Ghazawi, professor and head of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at George Washington University, said that the engineering we use today calls us to access newer technologies, where traditional methods consume more time and effort.
There are many approaches that the research community can look at in quantum computing using different models because it is not very energy-intensive.
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What are important areas in quantum research?

development of high-level software
implementations of quantum processors

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The current quantum computing landscape is limited, requiring specialized skills and training.

Title:

Content: Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Editor-in-Chief
Wael Lotfy
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Editor-in-Chief
Wael Lotfy
iTi organizes two seminars to introduce quantum computing technology and artificial intelligence
The Information Technology Institute "iTi" of the Ministry of Communications organized a seminar to introduce quantum computing technology through the Internet.
The seminar will provide an introduction to quantum computing technology, explain the differences between quantum and classical systems, and review the quantum applications and steps needed for quantum processing.
The seminar will address a number of topics, including: understanding the basics of quantum computing, quantum computing in the market, the use cases of quantum computing in artificial intelligence, machine learning, communication and coding systems modeling, quantum computing programming languages and engineering, the current hardware landscape: challenges and the latest technology, and quantum computing in Egypt.
It is worth mentioning that the Information Technology Institute (ITI) is the training arm of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), and its mission is to build the capacity of young people and develop their skills through the provision of a range of specialized programs and professional training.
In a related context, the Institute of Information Technology organized a seminar entitled “Develop your skills in the era of the artificial intelligence economy ” online as well.
The seminar aims to prepare the participants and qualify them to absorb the next wave of automation processes supported by artificial intelligence in order to prepare a generation capable of facing the future and keeping pace with the era of artificial intelligence.
The seminar will provide an introduction to artificial intelligence technology and how to develop skills related to this field.
It should be noted that the Institute offers a range of training programs in the field of artificial intelligence, including the professional training program on artificial intelligence skills, and the training of trainers program in the field of artificial intelligence, in cooperation with the Faculty of Computer and Advanced Technologies in France "Epita"; the Institute also offers several other programs in various technological fields.

Quantum computing integrates with AI and machine learning, and has applications in communication and coding systems.

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing may revolutionize industries like finance, pharmaceuticals, and automotive.

Title:

Content: The present and future of quantum computing
New Research 2022 / 12 / 13 19: 16: 07 Edited by: Yuansheng
The limitations of contemporary supercomputers, as well as their implications for academia and institutions around the world, are drawing the attention of the scientific community.
For example, researchers can use current techniques to perform more complex simulations, such as those that focus on chemistry and the reactive properties of each element.
However, as the complexity of these interactions increases, they become more challenging for current supercomputers.
Due to the limited processing power of these devices, it is nearly impossible to complete these types of calculations, forcing scientists to choose between speed and precision when conducting these studies.
To provide some context for the breadth of these experiments, let ’ s start with the example of hydrogen atom modeling.
With only one proton and one electron in hydrogen, researchers can easily perform chemical reactions manually or rely on computers to complete calculations.
However, depending on the number of atoms and whether the electrons are entangled, the process becomes more difficult.
To write out every conceivable result of an element like thulium, which contains a staggering 69 electrons, all twisted together, would take more than 20 trillion years.
Obviously, this time is too long for us, and we need a new way out.
Quantum computers open the door to a whole new world of possibilities.
The equations needed to simulate chemistry have been known to the scientific community since the 1930s, but it has only recently begun to build computers with the ability and reliability to perform these calculations.
Today ’ s quantum computers provide the speed researchers need to mimic all aspects of chemistry, making them significantly predictive and reducing the need for laboratory testing.
Colleges and universities may be able to use quantum computers to augment existing knowledge of chemistry.
Consider the potential time and cost savings that could be achieved if quantum computers were able to eliminate the need for laboratory testing during research.
Moreover, since the computational power to master chemical properties did not exist previously, this step could lead to a major step forward in chemistry previously unknown to the world
01. Quantum computing in practice
Many companies are already using quantum computing.
For example, IBM is working with Mercedes-Benz, ExxonMobil, CERN, and Mitsubishi Chemical to implement quantum computing into their products and services:
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is exploring quantum computing to create better batteries for its electric vehicles.
The company hopes to shape the future of modern electric vehicles by implementing quantum computing in its products and making an impact on the environment by implementing quantum computing in its products in an effort to be carbon neutral by 2039.
Simulating what ’ s going on inside a battery is incredibly difficult, even with today ’ s most advanced computers.
However, using quantum computing technology, Mercedes-Benz can more accurately simulate chemical reactions in car batteries.
Exxon Mobil
ExxonMobil is using quantum algorithms to more easily discover the most efficient routes for transporting clean combustion fuels around the world.
Without quantum computing, it would be almost impossible to compute all routing combinations and find the most efficient routing combinations.
European Centre for Nuclear Research
The European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN) is trying to discover the secrets of the universe.
Using quantum computing, CERN can find algorithms to pinpoint complex events in the universe in a more efficient way.
For example, quantum computing could help CERN figure out patterns in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data.
Mitsubishi Chemical
A team from Mitsubishi Chemical and Keio University is working on a key chemical step for lithium-oxygen batteries: lithium superoxide rearrangement.
They are using quantum computers to "perform accurate simulations of what happens inside a chemical reaction at the molecular level".
Advantages and disadvantages of quantum computing
Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize industries such as finance, pharmaceuticals, artificial intelligence, and automotive in the coming years, fundamentally changing the world around us.
The value of quantum computers comes from the probabilistic way in which they operate.
By using the probabilistic computing style directly instead of simulating it, computer scientists have shown potential applications for fast search engines, more accurate weather forecasts, and precise medical applications.
In addition, quantum computers represent the original motivation for the development of quantum computing and are very useful in directly simulating quantum mechanics.
Perhaps the main appeal of quantum computing is that it can solve problems faster, making it ideal for applications that need to handle large amounts of data (for example, aerospace logistics, drug manufacturing, molecular research, or other fields that use canonical processes at the atomic level).
However, creating a powerful quantum computer is not an easy task and involves many drawbacks.
The sensitivity of quantum computing systems to extreme temperatures is one of the main drawbacks.
In order for the system to function properly, it must be near absolute zero temperature, which poses a major engineering challenge.
Moreover, quantum bit quality is not where it needs to be.
After a given number of instructions, qubits can produce inaccurate results, and quantum computers lack error correction to solve this problem.
Because of the number of wires or lasers required to make each qubit, keeping control is difficult, especially if the goal is to create a chip with a million qubits.
And quantum computing is very expensive: the cost of a single qubit can be as high as $10,000 or so.
Finally, if standard information systems and encryption methods are used for malicious purposes, they will be overwhelmed by the processing power of quantum computers.
These computers ’ reliance on the principles of quantum physics allows them to decrypt the most secure data (e.g., bank records, government secrets, and internet / email passwords).
Cryptography experts around the world will need to develop encryption techniques that can withstand possible attacks from quantum computers.
Impact of Quantum Computing on Higher Education
The education community is always looking for new opportunities for growth and prosperity.
Many higher education institutions have begun extensive research into quantum computing, using the unique properties of quantum physics to usher in a new era of technology, including computers capable of performing currently impossible computations, ultra-secure quantum networks, and exotic new quantum materials.
Oxford University
Researchers at the University of Oxford are interested in quantum research because of its huge potential in areas such as healthcare, finance and security.
The university is recognized worldwide as a pioneer in the field of quantum science.
Oxford and York universities demonstrate first working pure state NMR quantum computer
Harvard University
Researchers at Harvard University have established a community group, the Harvard Quantum Initiative for Science and Engineering, with the goal of making significant progress in science and engineering related to quantum computers and their applications.
According to research conducted by the group, the “second quantum revolution ” will build on the first quantum revolution, which is responsible for the development of global communications, technologies such as GPS flight, and medical breakthroughs such as magnetic resonance imaging.
University of Maryland
Researchers from the University of Maryland's Department of Physics, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Physical Sciences Laboratory are part of the Joint Quantum Institute "dedicated to the goal of controlling and utilizing quantum systems."
Institute of Technology
MIT researchers have built a quantum computer and are working on areas such as quantum algorithms and complexity, quantum information theory, measurement and control, and applications and connectivity.
University of California, Berkeley
Researchers at the Center for Quantum Computing and Information at the University of California, Berkeley are working on basic quantum algorithms, cryptography, information theory, quantum control, and experiments with quantum computers and quantum devices.
University of Chicago Quantum Exchange
Researchers at the University of Chicago Quantum Exchange are focusing on developing new ways to understand and utilize the laws of quantum mechanics. CQE encourages collaboration, joint projects and information exchange between research groups and collaborating institutions.
China University of Science and Technology
Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China are exploring quantum optics and quantum information.
Areas of major interest include quantum foundations, free space and fiber-based quantum communication, superconducting quantum computing, supercooled atomic quantum simulations, and quantum metrology theory and theory-related concepts.
One broad impact on higher education is that quantum computing will open up new careers for tomorrow ’ s students.
In addition, this technology will allow for accurate forecasting of the overall growth of the job market and the demand for skilled and knowledgeable workers in all fields.
In the near future, the power of quantum computing will be unleashed on machine learning.
In the field of education, quantum-driven algorithms will make informed decisions about student learning and deficiencies, just as quantum computing promises to revolutionize medical classification and diagnosis.
In addition, quantum computing will power a new era of individual learning, knowledge and achievement.
This will be achieved by processing large amounts of student data in a timely manner, and quantum computers may eventually have the ability to control programs designed to accommodate students ’ unique achievements and abilities, as well as backfilling specific areas where students may need help.
These aspects of quantum computing are critical to achieving the goal of truly personalized learning.
Through the cloud, you can access any of the relatively small number of physical quantum subcomputers in the world.
These computers include the 20 + IBM Quantum System One, which is currently installed more in the United States, Germany and Japan, and more are planned in the United States, South Korea and Canada.
Anyone with an internet connection can log on to a quantum computer and be educated on the basics of quantum programming.
For example, IBM offers a variety of quantum-centric education programs, including access to quantum computers, teaching support, summer schools, and hackathons.
The IBM Quantum Educator and Investigator Program and Qubit ’ s “Introduction to Quantum Computing ” are just two examples of quantum computing resources that are accessible to educators and students alike.
Such initiatives are absolutely necessary.
Colleges and universities around the world need to collaborate to bridge the current knowledge gap in quantum education and prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers.
04 、 Conclusion
The quantum computing revolution is happening.
We have just entered a new era of computing.
Next generation computing is not the next generation of hardware, but the next generation of algorithms and computing
Quantum computers use quantum mechanics principles to solve problems.
Compared to classical computers, the state of a quantum system is inherently probabilistic.
This means that quantum computers can handle many times more computations than conventional computers.
05, extended reading
The main players in quantum computing can be divided into four categories: the first category is international technology giants, such as IBM, Google, Honeywell, etc.; the second category is quantum computing startups, such as Rigetti, IonQ, etc.; the third category is national scientific research institutes, such as Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Institute of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology Innovation. University of Cambridge, University of Science and Technology of China, Harvard University, etc.
Today's quantum computers can only deal with one or a few aspects of the problem, and they have not yet reached the level of generality.
Quantum technology companies not only need to invest heavily in developing quantum computers, but also need to have many researchers designing and manufacturing quantum hardware and software to support these machines.
In the future, general quantum computers need to work on the underlying quantum physics equipment, quantum computer architecture, quantum resource scheduling, upper quantum programming language, quantum algorithms and quantum application software.
The following are typical representatives of the quantum computing industry regarding the latest technological and commercial advances in quantum computing.
The information provided herein is for general guidance and informational purposes only, and the contents of this article should not be considered investment, business, legal or tax advice under any circumstances.
This article is from the WeChat public account: new research (ID: chuxinyanjiu), author: Yousef Fazea, compiled by: Tang Shi
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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computers can solve problems faster and simulate complex reactions accurately, but require near absolute zero temperature.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

Researchers and companies, including Keysight and Q-CTRL, are integrating quantum computing with AI, machine learning, and IoT to accelerate quantum processor development.

Title:

Content: Keysight Technologies, Inc. (NYSE: KEYS) and Q-CTRL, a pioneer of quantum infrastructure software to make quantum technologies useful, are partnering to integrate key infrastructure quantum software to accelerate quantum processor development, characterization, and key proof of principle scientific demonstrations.

An interesting feature of quantum computation is that as qubits are added to a quantum processor, the computational space available to the end user expands exponentially. However, as quantum systems grow exponentially, they become increasingly more complex to design, test, and operate. This means quantum hardware developers face a slow and complex design cycle as current software tools require users to exhaustively test and calibrate an ever-growing number of configurations and combinations.

To address these design challenges, Keysight and Q-CTRL are partnering to provide an integrated solution enabling quantum developers to effectively scale both quantum processor quantity and quality. The solution will integrate Q-CTRL’s Boulder Opal hardware optimization and automation functionality into Keysight’s Quantum Control System (QCS) providing enhanced capability in quantum processor characterization and optimization to rapidly decrease characterization time and improve device up-time.

To accelerate quantum development, the joint solution will:

  • Help navigate complexity – Provide advanced AI/ML tools to navigate complex design and characterization spaces.
  • Automate device optimization – Enable closed loop, autonomous agents to efficiently determine the relationship between Hamiltonian parameters and QCS hardware settings.
  • Accelerate the quantum design cycle – Less time calibrating and characterizing a quantum processor means faster development cycles and more use case development time available.
  • Customizable experiments – Allow users to program and optimize experiments specific to their quantum device.
  • Enhanced exploration – Enable more avenues of exploration and innovation for quantum scientists and engineers.

The Keysight QCS combines dedicated quantum control hardware and full-stack software capabilities to provide an easy-to-use solution for the control and readout of quantum devices. Q-CTRL Boulder Opal delivers cloud-accelerated hardware design, AI-based automation, and quantum control optimization, giving professional teams everything they need to get ahead of the competition.

Alex Shih, Head of Product, Q-CTRL, said: "We are delighted to be working with Keysight to bring Q-CTRL’s hardware characterization and optimization capabilities to their end users and empowering experimentalists and researchers to build and scale real quantum systems. We designed our products to be easily integrated and interoperable across hardware and software architectures, and we are proud to see this help activate the quantum ecosystem. To us, making quantum technology useful relies on not just developing new technologies, but supporting researchers to easily leverage them in building and scaling their quantum systems.”

Eric T. Holland, Director of Strategic Initiatives, Quantum at Keysight, said: "Customer success is at the core of all that we do at Keysight. We are continually seeking feedback from our quantum users to drive our roadmap and spur innovation. This collaboration with Q-CTRL comes from such feedback and we are thrilled to begin our journey to improve the end-user experience and capabilities for our customers."

About Keysight

At Keysight (NYSE: KEYS), we inspire and empower innovators to bring world-changing technologies to life. As an S&P 500 company, we're delivering market-leading design, emulation, and test solutions to help engineers develop and deploy faster, with less risk, throughout the entire product life cycle. We're a global innovation partner enabling customers in quantum, communications, industrial automation, aerospace and defense, automotive, semiconductor, and general electronics markets to accelerate innovation to connect and secure the world. Learn more at Keysight Newsroom and www.keysight.com.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing is a rapidly evolving field expected to significantly impact various industries.