Germany has shut down its last nuclear power plants, ending its nuclear era, with the final three plants closed in 2023.

The country's decision to withdraw from nuclear power was made in 2000, with a plan to close all nuclear power plants by 2022.

Germany had 17 operational nuclear power units in 2009, with a total installed capacity of over 20 million megawatts, accounting for 25% of the country's total generation capacity in 2010.

The shutdown of nuclear power plants has led to an increase in fossil fuel consumption, with fossil fuels now accounting for 46.3% of Germany's electricity generation.

The country is relying on coal and gas to fill the energy gap, which is harming the environment.

Germany's household electricity price has risen significantly, with a price of 0.3216 euros per kWh in 2021 and 0.3714 euros in 2022, with over half of the price burden coming from additional taxes or fees due to energy policies.

The average wholesale price of electricity in Germany has also increased, from 0.03767 euros/kWh in 2019 to 0.09685 euros/kWh in 2021.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has affected Germany's energy plans, with the country calling for EU independence from Russian nuclear energy and imposing sanctions on the Russian nuclear energy sector.

However, the sanctions may lead to a market shortage, and some EU countries, such as Hungary, oppose the sanctions due to their nuclear cooperation with Russia.

Germany is planning to expand its renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and achieve its goal of becoming carbon neutral.

The country has also considered delaying the closure of its last three nuclear power plants due to an energy shortage crisis, but ultimately decided to shut them down.

Two-thirds of Germans oppose the replacement of nuclear power, and the decision to phase out nuclear power was made by Angela Merkel, with the initial plan to complete the phase-out by December 31, 2022.

The Fukushima-1 disaster in 2011 prompted the decision to phase out nuclear power, and the country is still dealing with the problem of nuclear waste.

Some German politicians have proposed extending nuclear power plant operations to reduce dependence on Russian gas, but there are no plans to resume nuclear energy use or build new nuclear power plants.

The Green Party in Germany wants to abolish nuclear power and reduce coal consumption, but lacks a clear plan for renewable energy.

Germany's defense is mainly dependent on the United States, making peaceful relations with Russia crucial, and the country is planning to build liquefied natural gas receiving terminals and develop clean energy sources like hydrogen.

The EU has proposed including nuclear and gas in "green" energy plans, but Germany opposes this proposal, with the Environment Minister calling it "completely wrong".

Austria has also threatened to file a suit against the EU's proposal, while 10 EU countries support nuclear energy as sustainable.

Germany's nuclear debate remains, with the country still searching for a solution to its energy needs and the problem of nuclear waste.

The country's clean energy transition is important to the G7 chair, Japan, which is also facing climate change votes and nuclear problems.

Germany aims to be carbon neutral by 2045, with a focus on expanding renewable energy capacity to meet this goal.

The country targets 80 percent of power demand from renewables by 2030, with a significant increase in wind and solar power capacity.

To achieve this, Germany aims to dedicate 2 percent of its land surface to wind power infrastructure, with 1000-1500 wind turbines to be built per year.

The annual onshore wind construction target is 4.5 GW, and the country needs to triple its onshore wind deployment to meet its climate targets.

Germany also targets 100% green energy by 2035, with new PV installation to reach 20 GW by 2028, and an annual CAGR of German machine installation to reach 32% by 2025.

The country plans to increase PV installation from 7 GW in 2022, with photovoltaic modules driving the solar power generation process.

Germany's renewable energy installation plan is set until 2035, with a focus on expanding wind and solar power capacity.

The country aims to produce 80% of its electricity from renewables by 2030, with a target of 215 GW solar capacity and 110 GW onshore wind capacity.

Germany also targets 30 GW offshore wind capacity by 2030, with a plan to quadruple offshore wind power by 2030.

To ensure these targets are met, Germany will simplify permitting for wind expansion, accelerate repowering, and synchronize grid expansion with wind growth.

The country will also introduce green hydrogen financing programs and increase tenders for wind and solar electricity.

A super-ministerial body will oversee the energy transition, and the government will provide €30 billion for climate-protection measures.

The EU has approved a €28 billion German energy plan to expand wind and solar power, which will replace the current renewable energy subsidy scheme until 2026.

The plan aims to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 and reduce dependence on Russian gas after supply cuts.

However, Germany's climate law is not compatible with the Paris climate accord, and the country may miss its climate targets for 2022 and 2023.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has impacted Germany's energy supply, with the country aiming to reduce its dependence on Russian gas.

There is no mention of sectors of the German population pushing to bring nuclear reactors back online in the provided search results.

Germany's Renewable Energy Act 2023 will accelerate the reduction of carbon use, and the country aims to increase solar production threefold.

The government acknowledges a serious climate target backlog and is working to complete a climate protection program.

Overall, Germany is committed to expanding its renewable energy capacity and reducing its dependence on fossil fuels to meet its climate targets.

The country's transition to renewable energy sources is a crucial step towards achieving carbon neutrality, with the aim of relying on 100% renewable energy by 2035.

Germany faces significant challenges in this transition, including the risk of insufficient baseload power generation capacity.

The German government has set ambitious targets, such as generating 80% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.

However, the transition is hindered by factors like bureaucracy, citizen discontent, and federalism, which create obstacles to wind turbine construction.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has also impacted Germany's energy supply, with Russia previously providing 55% of the country's gas needs.

As a result, Germany has had to rely on coal power to ensure a stable energy supply, which risks complicating its climate goals.

The government is addressing these challenges by allocating billions of euros for the construction of state-backed gas power plants, which will operate with green hydrogen between 2035 and 2040.

Additionally, Germany plans to build several LNG import terminals by 2026 to increase its energy security.

The country's energy crisis has also been caused by its heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels, mainly from Russia.

The lack of grid infrastructure and high-voltage cables is another challenge that hinders the transportation of wind power.

High energy prices and international competition threaten Germany's industrial sector, which may lead to companies scaling back or closing production sites.

The German government has allocated over 260 billion euros to respond to the energy crisis and is pushing for a faster transition to renewable energy.

Despite these efforts, the country's economic model is based on unrealistic assumptions about world politics, and its energy policy is a chaotic mess due to its reliance on Russian energy.

The US Inflation Reduction Act may also siphon off international investment in renewable energy, posing a challenge to Germany's energy transition.

Germany's energy transition requires significant investment, manpower, and land, making it a complex and challenging task to complete.

The government's plans to prepare realistic forecasts for energy needs and ensure a coordinated effort are essential to addressing these challenges and ensuring a stable and reliable energy supply.

The chemical industry will need significant energy by 2050, and the government must consider this factor in its energy policy.

Overall, Germany's transition to renewable energy sources is a complex and challenging process that requires careful planning, significant investment, and a coordinated effort to ensure a stable and reliable energy supply.

Germany is using PEM electrolyzer technology to generate green hydrogen as part of its transition away from nuclear power and towards renewable energy sources.

The country has published a national hydrogen strategy, which aims for electrolyzer capacity in the gigawatt range, and companies like Siemens Energy are developing modular PEM electrolyzers like the Silyzer 300.

Germany is also employing the DA/RE technology platform to manage grid stability, which has been tested by TransnetBW and Netze BW for congestion management.

The DA/RE platform provides vertical coordination and data exchange, and has been shown to increase power system stability in tests.

In addition to these technologies, Germany is using smart grid technology to manage grid stability, with companies like Kries Energietechnik GmbH & Co.KG offering smart grid systems.

The smart grid technology market is expected to grow from $39.38 billion in 2022 to $46.65 billion in 2023, driven by demand for electricity generation and technological advancements.

Germany is also using Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES) technologies, such as iron flow batteries, to accelerate its

Germany has shut down its last nuclear power plants, ending its nuclear era, with the final three plants closed in 2023.

Title:

Content: In early 2023, Germany shut down its last nuclear power plants, so this winter will be Germany ’ s first “nuclear-free winter ”. Despite the German government ’ s vow to modernize its energy system and develop renewable energy, Germany ’ s fossil fuel consumption is higher and its power system is dirtier.
Commenting on Germany ’ s electricity problem, Reuters columnist Gavin Maguire wrote that the country ’ s electricity problem began with a gradual decline in the share of nuclear power in Germany ’ s power generation structure. In 2014, the contribution of nuclear power to Germany ’ s total electricity supply fell by only 6% in 2022, and finally dropped to zero after the last eight reactor outages in 2023.
According to the think tank Ember, Germany's last eight nuclear reactors generated about 8.1 gigawatts (8,000 megawatts) of electricity, a gap that was filled by solar and wind capacity.
It seems to be okay.
However, as solar power (Germany ’ s second largest clean power after wind) suffers from reduced sunlight this year, power generation will fall sharply this winter, and the total amount of clean electricity in Germany will also decline, but winter has always been Europe ’ s peak electricity consumption (heating demand), so German power producers are forced to increase the amount of electricity generated from fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. of emissions.
According to the data, in the first nine months of 2023, Germany ’ s total electricity generation fell compared to last year, including clean electricity and fossil energy power; clean electricity fell by 5.6% compared to the same period in 2022, and fossil fuel power generation fell by 21%.
In other words, this year has been the most electricity efficient year in Germany since 2017.
But don ’ t think that ’ s a good thing, because Germany ’ s industrial electricity demand has fallen this year, and the economy has certainly followed suit.
Why is that so?
Data from the London Stock Exchange shows that the high price of electricity in Germany is a key factor. Compared to 2019, the price of electricity in Germany is 160% higher this year, although it is much better than the highest price last year (electricity prices soared last year due to the Russian-Ukrainian war, this year has fallen), but the German industry is still unwilling to pay.
According to data from the London Stock Exchange (LSEG), German chemical and fertilizer production (previously produced using abundant and cheap natural gas) has fallen to its lowest level in more than a decade in 2023 as producers cut production.
Production of cars, steel, batteries and turbines has also been cut, causing Germany, Europe ’ s largest economy, to experience a rare export slump this year.
In order to support the German industrial recovery, the German government asked the power companies to suppress the cost of electricity, and actively increase the production of cheap renewable energy, did get some results, but after entering the autumn, the sunshine time reduced, Germany September to December's total solar power, must be more than 80% lower than the peak.
Since solar power has accounted for more than 20% of Germany ’ s total electricity generation each month in the past five months, such a serious decline in clean power production will inevitably lead to a tight overall electricity supply; in order to make up for the shortage of solar power, Germany can only maximize the use of wind power, wind power production in Germany will increase in winter.
In order to supplement the intermittent problem of wind power and ensure that the total generation of electricity rises as demand grows, power companies have to increase the generation of coal and gas, which can be controlled by power plants to balance the needs of the national electricity market.
Speaking of which, it is clear that Germany will have to rely more on fossil fuels to generate electricity, and its carbon emissions will inevitably increase.
In order to determine its ideal of a non-nuclear homeland, Germany has caused more pollution, and the cost of electricity is still high, which has hit the German industry.
In August of this year, economists criticized "Germany's economic recession is already the sick man of Europe", which is all related to the abandonment of nuclear power.
German power mix may get dirtier for 1st non-nuclear winter
# Germany # Electricity # Dirty # Carbon # Solar

The country's decision to withdraw from nuclear power was made in 2000, with a plan to close all nuclear power plants by 2022.

Title:

Content: ● Talk from the beginning
In October 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, led by Saudi Arabia, imposed a embargo on countries supporting Israel with oil as a weapon. The embargo lasted until March 1974, when the global price of oil rose by nearly 300%, from $3 per barrel to nearly $12.
Recognizing the importance of stable energy supply and price, many countries have begun to develop nuclear power.
In that era, the development of nuclear energy in Germany and France went hand in hand. Both countries imported nuclear power technology from the United States, and both established independent nuclear power industries.
In 1979, the Three Mile Island accident in the United States did not change the Social Democratic Party's support for nuclear energy in Germany at the time, and then the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Russia caused a major impact on Germany's nuclear energy policy. In August 1986, the Social Democratic Party passed a bill to abandon nuclear power within 10 years, Germany terminated the development plan for new reactors, and power companies dared not plan to build a nuclear power plant. Merchants.
Overall, the passage of the Act did not affect the operation of the nuclear power plants in transit in Germany, with a capacity of 20,339 and 20,583,000 megawatts in 23 years from 1986 to 2009, and a further 22.9 million megawatts in 1989.
In other words, the ruling party in Germany recognized the importance of nuclear power to the country ’ s economic development and did not implement the nuclear abolition bill hastily passed in August 1986 under the anti-nuclear passion of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in Russia.
Obviously, the non-nuclear file, can only say, can not be done.
Non-nuclear weapons are a bargaining chip for political power
In October 1998, the Social Democratic Party and the Green Party organized a joint government and began to discuss a non-nuclear timetable with power companies. The Green Party, a small party with ideological leadership and national recognition of only 6.7%, changed the national energy policy through the power to gain the leadership of energy policies that are closely related to national security.
The assumption of power by political parties recognized by more people is the basic tenet of the operation of democratic politics.
When, in order to gain political power, different political parties used coalitions to lead to the opinions of the minority and hostage the understanding of the majority, is this the normal state of democratic politics?
Ridiculous, even more pathetic!
After numerous and varied threats, the coalition government and the power companies reached an agreement in late 2000.
The key point of the agreement is that the government will allow the units in operation at the time to continue operating until the cumulative generation of 2,623 billion kWh, equivalent to an average useful life of the units of 32 years (the power company originally expected 36 years), and that Germany will be non-nuclear by 2022.
The government is committed to ensuring the smooth operation of the nuclear power plant and the disposal of nuclear waste without political interference. In June 2001, the “Red Green ” coalition government signed an agreement with four power companies.
The agreement clearly stipulates that Germany will no longer build nuclear power plants and allow the temporary storage of used nuclear fuel at the site.
Based on the cap on nuclear power generation, a less cost-effective unit was stopped in 2003 and 2005, with a installed capacity of 640,000 MW and 340,000 MW, respectively, and it operated for 31 and 36 years.
In addition, a unit with a capacity of 1.22 million megawatts was built in 1986 on the banks of the Rhine. The unit was discontinued in 1988 due to anti-nuclear protests, and its power company abandoned the unit in 2003 to begin decommissioning work. Two units with a capacity of 771,000 megawatts and 1.26 million megawatts were suspended in 2007 and 2009, respectively, for 30 years and 25 years.
These two units are boiling water reactors, which are different from the mainstream pressurized water reactors in Germany.
Germany ’ s non-nuclear decision in 2000 was a pragmatic compromise that quelled the protests of anti-nuclear groups, kept the plant running smoothly, and provided the government with enough time to think about national energy policy.
An industrial leader reminded the government that reliable and affordable energy is an important part of Germany ’ s economic policy.
Opposition leaders in Congress said there was a chance they would change the decision.
The expectation of power companies is to increase the average operating year of all nuclear power units from 32 to 40 years, and then to 60 years depending on the situation of individual units.
● New opportunities brought about by the change
In September 2009, the new coalition government of the Christian Democrats and the Liberal Party announced plans to withdraw the "non-nuclear policy".
At this time, Germany still has 17 operational nuclear power units, but one is in a long-term state of decommissioning.
If all the units can be extended from the original agreed 32 years of operation to 60 years, it is estimated that the additional profit of the power company will be 100 billion euros, and the government must take a share, let alone 50 billion euros.
Financial negotiations took a year to complete.
The new nuclear policy allows for 40 years of operation (an additional 8 years) for units that were negotiated before 1980, and 14 years for units that were negotiated after 1980.
The government pays dividends on the extension of nuclear power plants to the national treasury under various taxes, donations and surcharges.
For example, the tax on nuclear fuel based on the weight of nuclear fuel used is increased to 2.3 billion euros per year, equivalent to 0.016 euros per kilowatt-hour.
In order to supplement the development of renewable energy, we will provide 300 million euros each in 2011 and 2012, 200 million euros each from 2013 to 2016, and 0.009 euros per nuclear power generation after 2016. The funds will also fund a recovery plan for a waste salt mine that is disposed of from nuclear waste.
Germany ’ s policy of abandoning nuclear energy has officially turned a corner.
• Planning does not change
On March 15, 2011, German Chancellor Angela Merkel announced that the new nuclear energy policy adopted only four months ago was suspended for three months. At the same time, seven units that had been negotiated before 1980 were immediately shut down. This represents a decrease of 8,336 MW, or 6.4% of the total installed capacity.
In May 2011, the German regulatory authority issued a statement saying that after various assessments, all German nuclear power units are in good condition and there are no concerns about their safety.
Despite this, the German government announced on May 30 that under pressure from anti-nuclear local governments, it will return to its original non-nuclear policy and close all nuclear power plants by 2022. At the end of June and July 8, the German House of Representatives and the Senate respectively passed decrees to expand wind power generation in response to the shutdown of nuclear power plants, while agreeing to build coal-fired power plants and gas plants without changing carbon reduction targets.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient baseload power after the nuclear power plant is stopped, electricity will be imported from France, Russia and Poland.
It ’ s all about non-nuclear policy.
Some nuclear power plants have been forced to shut down, but the nuclear power plants that continue to operate still have to pay various heavy taxes according to the 2011 revision of the Atomic Energy Law. Tax rebates of €6.3 billion between 2011 and 2016 and the suspension of tax on nuclear fuel.
The nuclear fuel tax was abolished at the end of 2016. In order to avoid the nuclear fuel tax, the fuel exchange time of five German units was postponed to January 2017, and a total of 8 billion kWh of power generation was lost from mid-December to the end of February 2016.
After 10 years of litigation, the government reached a settlement with four power companies for a total amount of 4.8 billion euros.
This amount of money is the most direct price of policy repetition.
In response to nuclear waste, in order to maintain a stable power supply, the huge investment in power generation and transmission systems is a heavier burden on society.
In May 2011, the German power grid department warned that the closure of nuclear power plants will lead to insufficient baseload power generation capacity, and renewable energy generation facilities are scattered, and renewable energy rich areas and power consumption areas are at a distance, requiring transmission networks.
The lack of power transmission capacity will make the grid fragile and unreliable, and the stability of the grid is facing great challenges. In May 2012, Germany announced a 10-year plan to expand and strengthen the grid, with a total of 26 transmission projects, with a total investment of 10 billion euros.
Germany calls the policy of increasing the proportion of renewable energy generation and phasing out nuclear energy as Energiewende (energytransition), an appropriate translation is also our slogan, "energy transition"!
For the public, the direct cost of the energy transition is that household electricity prices are the second highest in Europe and the highest in Denmark.
According to statistics, in December 2021, the price of domestic electricity in Germany was 80% higher than that of France.
Electricity prices in Germany
The electricity market in Germany is completely liberalized, and power companies sell electricity generated by various forms of electricity generation in the wholesale market. The price of electricity in the wholesale market is open information, which allows power companies to obtain electricity from the wholesale market and transmit it to consumers through the electricity network.
Taxes paid by different types of consumers are also different.
Due to various measures to reward renewable energy, distorting the market mechanism, the German wholesale electricity price is lower than other countries, and sometimes even negative, 298 hours of wholesale electricity price is negative in 2019 and 139 hours in 2021.
The average wholesale price of electricity in the German electricity market is 0.03767 euros / kWh in 2019, 0.03047 euros / kWh in 2020, and 0.09685 euros / kWh in 2021. The average price in the first half of the year is 0.054 euros / kWh, rising to 0.1380 euros / kWh in the second half of the year.
As shown in the attached figure, the Russian-Ukrainian war caused a surge in gas prices, which had a huge impact on electricity prices in Germany; in July 2022, the high price of 0.3153 euros per degree was 6.4 times that of January 2019!
The price of electricity for domestic or small commercial use in Germany is very high.
Look at the price structure of electricity for German households.
Germany ’ s household electricity price in 2006 was 0.1946 euros per kWh. It rose to 0.3216 euros per kWh in 2021, and has reached 0.3714 euros in 2022. In 2021, more than half of Germany ’ s household and small business electricity price burden came from additional taxes or fees due to energy policies. 16% is a sales tax, 20% of the renewable energy surcharge is paid to the renewable energy industry, 6% of the electricity tax (also known as the ecological tax), and there are three smaller surcharges.
If so, why not in the first place?
In 2010, Germany had 17 nuclear power units with a total installed capacity of more than 20 million megawatts, accounting for about 15% of the total installed capacity. In 2010, the total generation capacity was 133 billion kWh, accounting for about 25% of the total generation capacity. At the end of 2011, there were 9 nuclear power units with a total installed capacity of 12 million megawatts.
Compared to 1990, the total installed capacity was 1.3 times, but the power generation increased by only 11%.
Wind and photovoltaics account for nearly half of the installed capacity, but only 28% of the generation.
Nuclear power plant capacity accounted for only 4.1%, but power generation accounted for 12.4%. In 2021, three nuclear power units were shut down, and there are only three units in operation, with a total installed capacity of 4.055 million megawatts, accounting for less than 2%, and the total power generation may be about 6%. Can the economy afford to shut down the remaining three nuclear plants in 2022?
According to a news report on August 18, "Germany is facing an energy shortage crisis this winter and has planned to delay the closure of the country's last three nuclear power plants."
The decision has not yet been formally adopted by Prime Minister Bernard Shaw and may need to be passed by parliament. Details are still being discussed and a cabinet resolution will have to wait weeks for an energy demand assessment to come out, but officials believe the results are already known, according to three officials.
According to online data, Germany has eight decommissioned units that have not been in service for 40 years, and if the international consensus is that nuclear power units can be used for at least 60 years, the extension of these units can significantly reduce the dependence on imported natural gas.
It remains to be seen whether the shift in German nuclear policy will extend to these eight units.
● Other Mountain Stone
Looking at Taiwan ’ s electricity situation, the schedule summarizes Taiwan ’ s electricity data for 2019 and 2021, which can be compared with Germany ’ s data for 2019. Germany ’ s total installed capacity and total power generation in 2019 are 4.1 times and 2.2 times that of Taiwan, respectively.
The average capacity factor for electrical equipment in Germany is 30% and in Taiwan it is 56%.
Renewable energy cannot generate electricity all the time, and when the installed capacity is large, the average capacity factor will be low.
But there are other factors, in 2019, Germany ’ s natural gas installation capacity of 46 million megawatts, generating 90.8 billion kWh; Taiwan is 17.57 million megawatts and 91.2 billion kWh; the installed capacity is only 38% of Germany ’ s, but the power generation is equivalent.
Germany ’ s electricity grid is part of the European continent ’ s electricity grid, and data can be found on the network. In 2020, Germany exported 66.39 billion kWh of electricity and imported 48.05 billion kWh. About 20% of Germany ’ s domestic electricity production is exchanged with other countries.
If the exchange is not possible, it is necessary to abandon electricity when the amount of renewable energy generation exceeds the amount of electricity used or the capacity of the grid; when the renewable energy generation is insufficient, more dispatchable units are needed.
Renewable energy generation must be coupled with a power generation facility that can be scheduled, so that the power grid can be stable.
When the capacity of renewable energy installations is large, the capacity of the installations with the power generation facilities that can be adjusted will also increase.
The average capacity factor of German natural gas units is only 15%.
In other words, Germany ’ s natural gas unit is idle 85% of the time, isn ’ t that the cost of renewable energy?
When renewable energy must have a total installed capacity of 12.7 million megawatts (54.8%) of renewable energy (wind, light, water, and waste) with a capacity of 255.1 billion kWh (41.9%); the installed capacity is 16.3 times that of Taiwan ’ s 7.8 million megawatts in 2019, and the power generation capacity is 16.8 times that of Taiwan ’ s share is only 5.6%. Degrees.
From the number of renewable energy generation, Taiwan really can not be compared with Germany, but can we really develop to the realm of Germany?
Germany ’ s territory covers an area of 357,622 square kilometers, 9.9 times Taiwan ’ s 35,980 square kilometers.
Simply estimate the amount of renewable energy generated per square kilometer of land in Germany is only 1.7 times that of Taiwan.
In other words, if Taiwan ’ s renewable energy development can be as good as Germany ’ s, our renewable energy generation capacity can be doubled again! Is that enough? What does the rest rely on? Petrified fuels? Taiwan ’ s use of fossil fuels for power generation is 82.0% in 2019 and 83.3% in 2021. What should we do about the reduction of greenhouse gases? Energy can be developed, hydrogen is an energy carrier, not energy, that is, hydrogen production still depends on other sources of energy.
The Germans can ’ t take the risk, we don ’ t see it.
Germany's nuclear energy policy is all caused by natural gas, on the one hand, the source is cut off, on the other hand, the natural gas shortage caused by the soaring price of fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels account for 46.3% of Germany ’ s electricity generation, and the rise in wholesale electricity prices has been alarming. The German government has revised its nuclear energy policy once again in order to spread the risk of excessive reliance on natural gas.
In Taiwan, fossil fuel power generation accounted for 83.3% in 2021, can the impact on electricity prices be lighter than in Germany?
You can't see that Taiwan Power Company is expected to have a loss of 200 billion yuan this year, and CNOOC is also in the tens of billions!
The government is afraid to adjust the price of electricity and natural gas for fear of affecting the election.
A few days ago, the media reported that the government has compiled a budget to directly eliminate the deficit.
Do they still have the law in their eyes?
If the government respects the results of the 2018 referendum on nuclear and green energy, and four years ago it began to promote the renewal of the licenses of the four nuclear companies to transfer and operate China's power plants, Taiwan will pay a lot less in this wave of soaring fossil fuel prices.
A while ago, the military exercise across the strait, it can be seen that it is rehearsing to block Taiwan, if it is really blocked in the future, our natural gas stocks can stand for a few days! Our government seems to be old in the ground is not proper, still clinging to the god of the non-nuclear homeland, refusing to open their eyes to see the latest international energy trends.
After Germany abandoned its non-nuclear policy, the only countries in the world that have used nuclear energy, only Taiwan has a non-nuclear timetable, China, the United States, France, Japan, South Korea and India, etc., are building or planning new nuclear power plants.
The Taiwanese government should wake up.
Those who pretend to sleep cannot wake up, so let us spit on those who stand in line with those who pretend to sleep!
With the election looming, let ’ s ask the candidates whether they support nuclear power?
If not, ask him to tell you where Taiwan's energy policy should go, how Taiwan meets the requirements of international carbon reduction, what to do when Taiwan is short of power, and who pays when electricity prices surge? (The author is a Distinguished Professor of Engineering and Systems Science, National Tsing Hua University)
※ The above statements do not represent the position of Wangzhong Media Group ※
# Germany # Unit # Electricity # Euro # Nuclear

Germany had 17 operational nuclear power units in 2009, with a total installed capacity of over 20 million megawatts, accounting for 25% of the country's total generation capacity in 2010.

The shutdown of nuclear power plants has led to an increase in fossil fuel consumption, with fossil fuels now accounting for 46.3% of Germany's electricity generation.

The country is relying on coal and gas to fill the energy gap, which is harming the environment.

Title:

Content: The people are not particularly happy with the government ’ s choice.
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Germany has completely abandoned nuclear power, turning off the last three power units located at the Emsland nuclear power plant (Lower Saxony), Necarwesteim-2 (Baden-Württemberg), Isar-2 (Bavaria).
Now the country has only to get rid of nuclear waste.
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The decision to phase out nuclear power came from then-Chancellor Angela Merkel after the disaster of 2011, when the accident at the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant in Japan, which killed at least 15.9 thousand people.
Initially, it was planned to stop nuclear reactors on December 31, 2022, but due to rising energy prices, the German government delayed this until mid-April 2023.
The nuance is that in the near future, Germany will have to rely on coal and gas, which have a negative impact on the environment.
Of the advantages, only that you need to compensate a little - 6% of electricity generation, which was just those nuclear reactors.
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According to YouGov, two-thirds of Germans do not support the government ’ s decision to replace the cheap “peaceful atom ”.
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This material is written by a visitor to the site, and a reward is accrued for it.
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Germany's household electricity price has risen significantly, with a price of 0.3216 euros per kWh in 2021 and 0.3714 euros in 2022, with over half of the price burden coming from additional taxes or fees due to energy policies.

The average wholesale price of electricity in Germany has also increased, from 0.03767 euros/kWh in 2019 to 0.09685 euros/kWh in 2021.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has affected Germany's energy plans, with the country calling for EU independence from Russian nuclear energy and imposing sanctions on the Russian nuclear energy sector.

Title:

Content: “There are not so many pressure points left ”: in Germany, they called for the introduction of sanctions against Russian nuclear energy
The German authorities are in favor of the fact that in the next package of anti-Russian sanctions were included measures against the nuclear sector of the Russian Federation.
This was stated by Vice-Chancellor, Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection of Germany Robert Habeck.
According to him, Moscow “purposefully uses dependence in the energy sector to exert pressure. ”
Meanwhile, as reported by Western media, earlier in the EU could not agree on sanctions against the Russian peaceful atom because of the position of Hungary, developing this sphere of energy in close cooperation with Russia.
Analysts, in turn, indicate that there are not so many points of pressure on Russia from the West.
At the same time, possible restrictions on the Russian peaceful atom can lead to a shortage in this market and an increase in the cost of raw materials, experts say.
• RIA News
• © Pavel Lisitsyn
The German government is in favor of the new, 11th package of sanctions against the Russian Federation included restrictions on the Russian nuclear sector.
This was stated by Vice-Chancellor, Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection of Germany Robert Habeck.
“We have seen that Russia purposefully uses dependence in the energy sector to exert pressure.
Therefore, the federal government called on the European Commission to impose sanctions on the civilian nuclear sector.
This should be part of the next sanctions package, ” the politician said in an interview with DPA.
He stressed that the European Union should become even more independent from Russia.
“We have already made significant progress in many areas, including energy.
Only the nuclear sector remains, ” Habek said.
The Vice-Chancellor of Germany also expressed confidence that other countries allegedly have no objective reasons for the preferred attitude to the Russian nuclear industry.
“Nuclear technology is an extremely sensitive area, and Russia can no longer be perceived as a reliable partner, ” Habek said.
The Minister added that in the issue of sanctions against the Russian nuclear energy “it is important to start and not be afraid of decisive actions. ”
It is worth noting that Germany on Saturday shuts down the last three operating nuclear plants - Izar 2, Neckarwesteim-2 and Emsland, finally abandoning its own nuclear energy.
Sanction issue
Recall that after the start of the special operation with the requirement to impose sanctions against the Russian nuclear industry was Ukraine.
In September 2022, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Dmitry Kuleba called for the extension of restrictive measures to Rosatom.
Then, in October, Ukrainian Energy Minister Herman Galushchenko also asked the G7 countries and the European Union to include Rosatom and the Russian nuclear industry in the next sanctions packages.
• RIA News
• © Maxim Blinov
In January 2023, The Washington Post reported that Rosatom was allegedly involved in the supply of components, technologies and raw materials for the production of rocket fuel at Russian defense enterprises.
At the same time, the newspaper referred to data obtained from “Ukrainian intelligence ”, from which, as indicated by the publication, however, it is not clear which components were supplied to the Russian Federation.
In addition, this information has not been officially confirmed by the US authorities.
Also on the subject
Cumulative effect: what can lead to the sanctions of Kiev against the nuclear industry of Russia
Nuclear energy should be out of politics.
This statement was made by Rosatom, commenting on sanctions against nuclear weapons.
Dmytro Kuleba, commenting on the data that Ukraine provided to the American media, reiterated the need to impose sanctions against the Russian nuclear industry.
“We call on all countries to cease any nuclear cooperation with Russia, to avoid participating in any new joint projects with Russia in this area and to impose personal sanctions against key officials and employees of Rosatom who interfered in the Ukrainian nuclear energy system, ” he said.
In addition, Kuleba said that the introduction of personal sanctions against representatives of the Russian nuclear energy industry is an “absolute minimum ” in this situation.
However, so far, the collective West has failed to include the Russian peaceful atom in the new restrictions packages.
So, in February, the newspaper Politico reported that the European Commission has abandoned plans to impose sanctions on this area of   the Russian economy or its representatives.
According to diplomatic sources Politico, the idea to impose restrictions against Rosatom had to be rejected due to the position of Hungary: the only nuclear power plant in the country, Paks, is serviced by Rosatom and provides half of all electricity generated in the republic.
To overcome the potential veto of the Hungarian authorities, the EU considered the possibility of including in the sanctions list individual employees of Rosatom and other companies, but in the end decided not to do so, the newspaper writes.
It is worth noting that Rosatom announced in early February that it was ready to accelerate the construction of a new Paks-2 nuclear power plant in Hungary.
Earlier, Foreign Minister Peter Szijjártó stressed that Hungary would not support any EU proposal that would impede Hungarian-Russian cooperation in the nuclear sphere.
Cynical position
Alexander Frolov, Deputy Director General of the Institute of National Energy, believes that the West is ready to consider the possibility of imposing sanctions against the Russian peaceful atom, since all other sectors of the Russian economy are already under restrictions in one way or another.
“There are not so many points of pressure on the Russian Federation that were not affected in previous sanctions packages.
The import of Russian oil and petroleum products by Europe is prohibited.
Only nuclear power and gas remain.
Blue fuel now, despite all the bravura statements about how wonderful Europe has experienced the heating season, for some reason do not dare to touch.
I can assume that some European politicians understand that the relatively painless passage of the heating season was the result of a successful confluence of circumstances, ” says Frolov.
• RIA News
• © Pavel Lisitsyn
However, the introduction of new sanctions requires political conjuncture, the analyst added.
“So they ’ re going to try to play the atomic card now.
Habek is not the first European politician to raise the issue of sanctions against Russian nuclear energy.
Earlier, similar initiatives were taken in Poland and the Baltic States.
However, it was not possible to reach official decisions on this idea at that time.
Now, as a compromise, it is proposed to make an exception for Hungary, which is the only country where Rosatom is building new capacities on the territory of the European Union, ” Frolov explained.
Also on the subject
“In a state of crisis ”: how the United States plans to oust Russia and China in the world nuclear energy market
The United States lost its leadership position in the field of nuclear energy, losing them to Russia and China.
This is stated in the report...
If exceptions are not made for Hungary, then Budapest will veto new packages of sanctions until it achieves compensation or concessions, the expert predicts.
“Hungary will do everything possible to block this decision, which is absolutely not in its interests.
The Republic wants to have nuclear power, because its leadership has learned the lessons of the global energy crisis and the impact it has had on the European Union.
Therefore, for the Hungarians, the nuclear power plant is a matter of principle, ” Frolov said.
Igor Yushkov, an expert at the Financial University under the Russian government and a leading analyst at the National Energy Security Fund, in an interview with RT, in turn, pointed out that the statement of the German Vice-Chancellor looks especially cynical against the background of the decision to stop the last nuclear power units operating in Germany.
“As soon as they decided to close these three stations, proposals were immediately made to include Russia ’ s nuclear energy in the new sanctions package.
That is, when they themselves do not suffer from such measures, it is possible to do so, let all the others feel the consequences of the deficit.
Yes, nuclear fuel will find another, but it will cost much more.
Germany now it does not concern, so they began to advocate for sanctions, ” says Yushkov.
According to him, such a position of Berlin should be drawn to the attention of France and other EU countries that continue to operate nuclear power plants.
“About 70% of the energy in France is generated by nuclear power plants, the fuel for which comes from Africa.
But it will become much more expensive if sanctions are imposed on the Russian nuclear industry and, as a result, there will be a deficit, ” the analyst explained.
In addition, he drew attention to the fact that Russia was called an unreliable partner.
This characteristic, according to the expert, has a purely political background.
“This is a standard formulation that Europeans have been using for years.
They repeat it as a kind of mantra, as they are embarrassed to directly state that their goal is to destroy Russia and its economy.
Russia did not refuse to supply anything to anyone - neither oil, nor gas, nor coal.
Therefore, to the surprise of many, Moscow still continues to export hydrocarbons to Europe, fulfilling its duties, ” Yushkov concluded.
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However, the sanctions may lead to a market shortage, and some EU countries, such as Hungary, oppose the sanctions due to their nuclear cooperation with Russia.

Germany is planning to expand its renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and achieve its goal of becoming carbon neutral.

The country has also considered delaying the closure of its last three nuclear power plants due to an energy shortage crisis, but ultimately decided to shut them down.

Two-thirds of Germans oppose the replacement of nuclear power, and the decision to phase out nuclear power was made by Angela Merkel, with the initial plan to complete the phase-out by December 31, 2022.

The Fukushima-1 disaster in 2011 prompted the decision to phase out nuclear power, and the country is still dealing with the problem of nuclear waste.

Some German politicians have proposed extending nuclear power plant operations to reduce dependence on Russian gas, but there are no plans to resume nuclear energy use or build new nuclear power plants.

Title:

Content: Germany will not resume the use of nuclear energy
Nuclear energy died in, turning into a “dead horse ” for the country ’ s economy.
will not build a nuclear power plant and relies only on solar and wind energy.
This was stated on Saturday by the Chancellor of Germany, reports AP.
In a Saturday radio interview with Deutschlandfunk, Scholz stated that nuclear power is "a dead horse" in Germany.
(This expression literally translates as “dead horse ”, and means something that has exhausted itself, a question that has lost its relevance; a question that is better to forget).
“Nuclear power is over.
The problem of nuclear energy in Germany has exhausted itself, it is a dead horse.
Anyone who wants to build a new nuclear power plant will need 15 years and will have to spend 15 – 20 billion euros (16.2 – 21.6 billion dollars) each, ” said Scholz.
According to him, any talk about the resumption of the use of nuclear energy will imply the construction of new nuclear power plants.
But this is not in the plans of the FRG.
Scholz stressed that Berlin intends to “expand the use of renewable sources, such as wind and solar energy ”
Earlier, the German Chancellor rejected the proposal of the junior partner in the power coalition that the country should leave open the possibility of using its closed nuclear power plants.
Rambler: top news

The Green Party in Germany wants to abolish nuclear power and reduce coal consumption, but lacks a clear plan for renewable energy.

Title:

Content: Supplement
Sunday WorkShop
Germany wants to scrap nuclear waste coal, rely on Russian natural gas supply, the United States and Russia to compete for the energy market
[Ming Pao News] Nord Stream 2 is a natural gas pipeline from western Russia to northeastern Germany, which is 1,200 kilometers long. It was expected to be opened in the middle of this year.
Germany and Europe are the main exporters of Russian natural gas. During the Ukraine crisis, Nord Stream 2 was placed at the negotiating table, which public opinion said was Putin ’ s fear and Germany ’ s only leverage.
However, since Russian natural gas is also Germany's energy lifeline, Prime Minister Scholz has also been reluctant to sanction the Russian side with this.
Recently, some German politicians proposed to reduce dependence on Russia, in the country gradually eliminate nuclear waste coal, want to achieve "net zero emissions" before 2045, what choice?
Lip and Tooth Dependent Historical Origins
About 80% of Russian natural gas is exported to Europe, accounting for about 40% of Europe ’ s natural gas demand.
In Germany, natural gas accounted for about 27% of energy consumption last year, of which about 32% came from Russia.
If Nord Stream 2 goes live, Russia could double its natural gas supply to Europe.
Germany and Russia are now closely intertwined. Stefan Auer, Associate Professor of European Studies at HKU, and Alexey Maslov, Dean of the Faculty of Asian and African Studies at Moscow University, point to several turning points to explain why Germany has become the main agent of Russian gas throughout Europe.
Moreover, this is not just a cooperation between the two countries, but also involves German companies, large and small, and investors.
1969: Pipeline for natural gas
Former Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko visited West Germany and proposed economic cooperation.
West German Chancellor Willy Brandt also pursued a policy of reconciliation with the East, with the strategy of “through trade transformation ” (Wandel durch Handel).
West Germany became a rare Western partner for the Soviet Union, with West Germany building steel pipelines and the Soviet Union supplying natural gas. The contract was signed the following year, which was regarded as the most politically important East-West agreement of the Cold War.
1973: Business cooperation
Ruhrgas AG purchases natural gas from the Soviet Union through East Germany and then expands its natural gas supply to other European countries.
Over the next few decades, Russian gas company Gazprom ’ s ties with German companies grew, extending to cultural exchanges, such as art exhibitions and sponsorship of art institutions, which Maslov said went beyond commercial cooperation. Auer said Willy Brandt ’ s conciliatory ideas continued to influence left-wing German politicians and intellectuals, who saw these shifts as contributing to the end of the Cold War and the end of communism in Europe.
2006: Development of Nord Stream
After the Cold War, more Dodd companies joined the investment in Russian and German natural gas projects, including chemical giant BASF and industrial giant Siemens.
The Nord Stream project was established in 2006, which Maslov described as "an extension of existing cooperation".
Line 1 opened in 2011.
In 2013, Gazprom and Germany ’ s Verbundnetz Gas signed an agreement on cooperation in oil and gas technology until 2030. Auer argued that Schörtz ’ s avoidance of talks on the operational Nord Stream 1 and the non-operational 2 was due to the huge compensation to be paid to the joint venture if the government suspended the project for political reasons.
1.
Private projects or diplomatic tools?
Gas is seen as a weapon of diplomacy, allowing Russia to provide accumulated foreign exchange in response to Western sanctions.
Despite opposition from its European neighbors, two German prime ministers, Merkel and Schörtz, have insisted that Nord Stream 2 is a private project.
Russia:
From the perspective of Gazprom, the Russian natural gas company, Maslov pointed out that the government directly or indirectly owns 50.23% of the shares, mainly represented by the Federal State Property Administration, so from a structural point of view, it is a state-owned company.
He stressed that the role of the government is to provide funds, and there is no such thing as a gold stock system (that is, state-owned shareholders have more voting rights), and the decision-making is the responsibility of the board of directors.
However, it has recently been reported that former German Chancellor Schroeder will become a member of the board of directors, causing controversy.
Germany:
"(called a private project) is undoubtedly a convenient way to avoid the problem of war."
Daniel Marwecki, a German lecturer in the Department of Politics and Public Administration at HKU, said that after World War II Germany learned to avoid war and that its defence was dependent on the United States: “So peaceful relations with Russia are very important. ”
Economic cooperation is easier to achieve and is also a bargaining chip to avoid war.
Geographically, if Eastern Europe goes to war, Germany is closer to the battlefield than Britain and the United States: "For Germany, it is very important to avoid war by all means, especially nuclear war." In addition, Britain and France have developed other sources of energy, including nuclear energy, only Germany has increased its dependence on Russia in view of the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
He said this was not a problem when the United States was strong and the post-Cold War order was stable: “The economic needs of Germany and Russia offset each other. ”
But now the attitude of the Russian side has changed sharply, and the situation in Germany is worrying.
2.
The United States agrees with Russia.
Biden once threatened Russia at North Stream 2, but Schörtz, who was next to him, did not show support, indicating that virtue is divided. Maslov said that the United States has rarely interfered in Europe-Russia energy relations in the past, this time clearly out of economic "separation", playing a war card to undermine Europe-Russia commercial contracts, and by attacking the European gas market to become a supplier.
But he pointed out that neither Germany nor the United States can replace Russia's natural gas supply.
He also noted that Biden recently said that once a war, the United States will not send troops, only sanctions, "that is, the United States does not want to involve in the military, only wants to pressure the Russian side from the economy."
He believes Biden is not bluffing, but if Nord Stream 2 is suspended, Germany will lose more than Russia.
German public opinion favors buying Russian energy
Germany stands on the same side as Russia on the US stand. Marwecki said that the German mainstream actually supports Nord Stream 2, and even is comfortable with the status quo. "The more the United States criticizes Germany's dependence on Russia, the more the Germans want to maintain this dependence."
Due to the casualties caused by the German invasion of Russia during World War II, the Germans are now generally more accepting of Russia.
He said that the German world view is simple, only want cheap energy and exports, the most ideal situation is: trade, exports, no war, just as the Sino-German relationship is that German companies make cars in China and sell a large number of cars to China.
"There is some foreground behind it, because the German defense is mainly dependent on the United States."
However, the coalition government is divided, the Green Party is a cautious internationalist and ideological, like the new Green Party foreign minister Baerbock against Nord Stream 2, stand close to the United States.
But Schörtz's Social Democrats were more pragmatic, knowing that shelving Nord Stream 2 would cost Germany.
At present, the strategy adopted by Germany is to avoid talking about it, and expect the situation to cool down, and then launch the Nord Stream 2, which is already ready.
3.
If Russia loses Europe, there will still be China.
Russia is the third largest natural gas supplier to China, and the two sides also jointly mine gas fields in the Arctic, including the Marr Peninsula.
Last year, China signed a new gas contract with Russian energy company Novatek for a period of 15 years.
Maslov said that although China has set carbon reduction targets, but at the same time knows that it is not realistic, so in recent years, it has taken the initiative to speed up Sino-Russian energy cooperation to supply gas to the northeast and Xinjiang.
"This is part of Sino-Russian cooperation, so we call it strategic cooperation, not just to supply oil and gas to China."
He added that Russia, facing competition from other Central Asian countries such as Turkmenistan, has gone through a “painful price process ” with China, and the final price is not as low as expected.“ All gas contracts are for the future and may become cheaper in the future. ”
China-Russia Energy Cooperation Continues to Be Important in European Market
Maslov believes that even if China becomes a major export market, Russia will not cut off supply to Europe to maintain competitive market relations. “It is not ideal to work only with China, so I think Russia will try to restore cooperation with Germany. ”
4.
Energy autonomy is difficult.
Natural gas is the transition fuel of the "European Green New Deal". Robert Habeck, a member of the Green Party and the German Minister of Economy and Climate, recently said that the geopolitical situation forced Germany to think about other natural gas supplies, so as not to become a "game piece".
But Marwecki said that the import of natural gas from Russia or the United States would become a political chip. “Energy has always been a political weapon, and imagine that if there were another person like Trump, it would be the same. ”
European countries are actively exploring renewable energy, but full independence is still a long way away, and the only way to maximize local production and supply is to maximize local capacity.
Germany plans to build liquefied natural gas receiving terminals, regulate the natural gas reserves of energy companies and develop clean energy sources such as hydrogen.
He said the Green Party is vague about this, that Germany wants to abolish nuclear power and reduce coal consumption, "they have not answered where to get enough renewable energy." The current government insists on abolishing the nuclear route, Auer said: "In my view, it is a wrong strategy."
Because the crisis in Ukraine exposed the limitations of dependence on Russia: “With Russia ’ s track record, environmental protection will not improve anywhere if it is allowed to have more geopolitical influence. ”
In a world dominated by China and Russia, Europe will face more pressing problems.
""
Europe is alienated from Russia.
Maslov also believes that the renewable energy developed in Europe is not enough to shake up the status of Russia, he cited China as an example: "China was the first to promote wind power, but even the electricity of small cities can not be satisfied." Greece, Portugal, France and others are developing renewable energy, but it is a drop in the bucket.
Therefore, he believes that neither France nor Germany ’ s “clear-headed politicians ” want to distance themselves from Russia, and he believes that the West still has to rely on natural gas and other purification technologies and regulatory measures to achieve its carbon reduction goals.
However, he pointed out that there is a huge gap between business and political needs in Europe, and the stalemate between Europe and Russia will continue for at least three to five years, and it will be difficult in the short term to return to the close relationship that it was 10 years ago.
However, with the exchange of natural gas and oil technology between the two sides and the opening of the Nord Stream 2 and its surrounding pipeline construction, Russia can still secure its position as a natural gas supplier with price and production advantages.
5.
The two countries' hearts.
Maslov said Russia has only two goals: to participate in European political and security decisions; and to prevent NATO from expanding eastward.
Russia sees itself as a member of Europe and is not content to be a mere supplier of oil and gas, but has for years been “sidelined ” by Europe when discussing issues in Ukraine, Crimea and the Donbas region.
“Russia ’ s position was clearly accepted under Hillary [as secretary of state], but it has deteriorated since the late Obama administration, especially during the Trump years, ” he said. He believes that this is the main reason for Russia to“ move from the West to the East ” and draw closer to China, making it clear that it is impossible to rebuild relations with the United States or Europe.
The advantage of Sino-Russian cooperation is that the two have their own plans. The former has a "Belt and Road" and the latter advocates "Greater Europe and Asia", which do not overlap and conflict, but share common values and goals.
He noted that at the Sino-Russian summit earlier this month, the two countries began to talk about democracy, military and cyber security, as well as a joint defense against Western sanctions.
“All the actions of the United States have taken us to a new world, to become more regional. ”
As for Germany, Marwecki said that the whole country has a pacifist tendency, and the society is more tolerant of Russia than other European countries.
At the same time, the government is full of opinions, including the transatlantic camp, the United States camp, the German independent camp, the Social Democratic Party and the Green Party also hold different positions on the power struggle.
But there is no doubt that this is the moment of maximum military deployment in Europe after World War II, and a major crisis after Schörz came to power. Under the constraints of a joint government, he felt that Schörz was doing what he could, including showing in Washington that Germany was on the side of the West, and in Moscow ’ s insistence on resolving problems diplomatically. "It is our damned responsibility to avoid war in Europe," he said.
by Vincent Leung
{Photo} Provided by respondents, Gazprom website, Agence France-Presse
{Art} Chang Yu-chi
{edit} Au Yang Dezhi
fb: http: / / www.facebook.com / SundayMingpao
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Germany's defense is mainly dependent on the United States, making peaceful relations with Russia crucial, and the country is planning to build liquefied natural gas receiving terminals and develop clean energy sources like hydrogen.

The EU has proposed including nuclear and gas in "green" energy plans, but Germany opposes this proposal, with the Environment Minister calling it "completely wrong".

Title:

Content: What is the response of Germany, which has long pushed for nuclear abolition, to the EU proposal that “nuclear energy is considered green energy ”?
Photo Credit: Reuters
What we want you to know is
At the beginning of the new year, a proposal by the European Commission on the so-called energy classification has provoked criticism and heated discussion.
According to the draft, investing in natural gas and nuclear power under certain conditions will be considered as investing in sustainable green energy.
How will the German three-party coalition government react to the proposal?
Text: Voice of Germany Chinese Network
At the beginning of the year, it was announced that it wanted to list nuclear energy produced under certain conditions as “green ” energy.
According to the proposal, investments in new nuclear power plants should be classified as “green investments ” if they meet the latest technical standards.
Specifically, the European Commission has recommended that new nuclear power station permits issued before 2045 should fall within the scope of the so-called classification regulations, and their construction can be subsidized accordingly.
In addition, the operator must submit an operational plan for the HREW facility no later than 2050.
If the European Commission ’ s proposal is implemented, it would be tantamount to recommending investment in nuclear power plants to the financial market.
The proposal is driven by France, which has traditionally relied heavily on nuclear power.
France holds the rotating presidency of the European Union for six months from 1 January 2022.
At the recent EU summit, 10 countries, including France, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania, called on the European Commission to recognize nuclear energy as a "sustainable" energy source and to include natural gas power plants in the "green" industry.
Otherwise, they say, they will not be able to meet their goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.
Germany's attitude.
German Environment Minister Steffi Lemke, a Green Party politician, immediately criticized the proposal, calling it “completely wrong. ”
She said that nuclear energy could lead to environmental disasters and large amounts of nuclear waste, and that the EU ’ s move is creating a huge danger, skewing investment towards dangerous nuclear energy, thus affecting investment in truly futuristic, sustainable energy.
She also believes that the inclusion of natural gas in green energy is also problematic. Lemke said Germany will quickly review the EU proposal and negotiate with the EU.
Robert Habeck, co-chair of the German Green Party and Federal Minister for Economy and Climate, called the plan “green washing ” and a“ good label for sustainability ”. At the end of 2021, Germany closed three more nuclear power plants as planned, and only the last three are still in operation in Germany.
The three plants will also be closed by the end of this year. In 2011, German Chancellor Angela Merkel decided to withdraw from nuclear power after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in Japan.
Germany ’ s new chancellor, Olaf Scholz, recently said that the commission ’ s proposal “should not be overestimated ” and that member states could still decide on their own path to an emissions-free future.
He noted that Germany ’ s plan to close its last nuclear power plant in 2022 would remain unchanged.
However, there are also voices within the German government that have expressed some support for the European Commission ’ s proposal.
German Finance Minister Christian Lindner, chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party, said he was positive in principle about the European Commission's proposal to list natural gas power plants as green energy.
Germany, he said, actually needs modern gas-fired power plants as a transitional source of energy “because we ’ re giving up coal and nuclear power. ”
Wolfgang Kubicki, deputy chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party, said that we must agree in a three-party coalition on how to balance emissions reduction targets with ensuring energy supply.
He also said, "If you only accept the decision that is right for you, then he is not a good European."
Austria threatens to file suit
The European Commission ’ s plan to classify some nuclear and natural gas as green energy has also been strongly opposed by Austria.
Austria ’ s climate protection minister, Leonore Gewessler, criticized the European Commission for wanting to push the plan through “Operation Night Mist. ”
He said Austria would file a lawsuit if the European Commission actually carried out the plans.
“Because nuclear power is an outdated technology, its dangers to people and the environment have been clearly documented. ” In addition, the cost of nuclear power plants to help us deal with the climate crisis is too high and too slow, so there is no future.
Countries opposed to "green nuclear energy" are in the majority within the European Union.
In addition to Germany and Austria, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, Greece and the Baltic states are also opposed to “greenwashing ” nuclear energy.
However, former German Chancellor Angela Merkel has pointed out that to prevent the European Commission from adopting the planned energy classification standard, at least 20 of the 25 EU members will need to vote against it.
In light of this, the European Commission ’ s designation of nuclear power as “green energy ” may ultimately be unstoppable.
But until then, countries opposed to “green nuclear power ” will not easily compromise.
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This article is reproduced with permission from the German Voice, and the original is published here.
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Austria has also threatened to file a suit against the EU's proposal, while 10 EU countries support nuclear energy as sustainable.

Germany's nuclear debate remains, with the country still searching for a solution to its energy needs and the problem of nuclear waste.

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TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY HOLDINGS, INC.

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Delayed Japan Exchange  -  12:01:00 2023-04-17 am EDT
490.00 JPY   -1.41%
04/16Greenway Grid Global Pte. Ltd. & Tepco Power Grid, Inc. : the Sale of "Electric Power Asset NFT (Transmission Tower NFT Card, Utility Pole NFT Card)"
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04/16Germany's last nuclear reactors shut down - But the debate remains
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Greenway Grid Global Pte. Ltd. & TEPCO Power Grid, Inc.: the Sale of "Electric Power Asset NFT (Transmission Tower NFT Card, Utility Pole NFT Card)"

04/16/2023 | 10:31pm EDT

~ Venturing into the world of WEB 3.0 ~

Greenway Grid Global Pte. Ltd. (Headquarters: Singapore, President: Kazuhiko Shiba; hereinafter referred to as, "GGG") and Tokyo Electric Power Grid Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, President/CEO: Yoshinori Kaneko; hereinafter referred as, "TEPCO PG") are pleased to announce the sale of "Electric Power Asset NFT" on their websites starting on Monday, April 3, 2023. The NFTs are pictures of TEPCO PG power assets, such as transmission towers and utility poles, that have been digitalized using NFT technology*1.

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230413005884/en/

Utility pole NFT card (Numa 218) (Graphic: Business Wire)

The global NFT market is said to be worth trillions yen, and the domestic market is expected to grow from several tens of billions yen to hundreds of billions yen by 2030.

GGG sees this as an opportunity to embrace the expanding Web3.0*2 trend and produce and sell "Electric Power Asset NFT (Transmission Tower NFT Cards, Utility Pole NFT Cards)" that are based on TEPCO PG's "Transmission Tower Card", which has been primarily used for recruitment purposes. Furthermore, we plan to collaborate with DEA*3, which has experience with, and WEB3.0 technical prowess that it has cultivated through, NFT gaming and the NFT market, in order to explore new ways to add value beyond mere ownership of the "Electric Power Asset NFT."*4

In producing the electric power asset NFT, TEPCO PG provides photos of facilities that harmonize with the scenery and the stories of each asset from among the electric power assets that TEPCO PG owns, which stretch from the cities to the mountains, thereby conveying the appeal of its electric power assets and supporting recruitment and other activities throughout the power industry.

*1 Non-Fungible Token (NFT). NFT uses blockchain technology to create unique digital assets.
*2 WEB3.0 is an "economy that creates, holds, and exchanges value using tokens, such as cryptocurrency, on the blockchain". Source: Web3.0 (METI/Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
*3 DEA (Digital Entertainment Asset Pte. Ltd.). Since its launch on 26th May 2020, the NFT game platform "PlayMining" has gained over 2.7 million users in over 100 countries. DEAPcoin is Japan's first Play-to-Earn token, and "PlayMining" is the world's first Play-to-Earn token economy, leading the world's GameFi field.
*4 Signing of a MOU with Digital Entertainment Asset Pte. Ltd. for consideration of a Sustainable Social Contribution Game Utilizing “Electric Power Asset NFT”
https://www.greenwaygrid.global/signing_of_mou_with_dea/

Please see the below attachment for an overview of “Electric Power Asset NFT (Transmission Tower and Utility Pole NFT Cards)” and the method of sale.

Overview and method of sale of
“Electric Power asset NFT (Transmission Tower and Utility Pole NFT cards)”

1. Card type and price

(Transmission Tower NFT card)

  • S rank (1 type x 5 sheets): 100,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)
  • A rank (2 types x 10 sheets): 30,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)
  • B rank (2 types x 10 sheets): 10,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)
  • C rank (5 types x 20 sheets): 3,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)

(Utility pole NFT card)

  • S rank (1 type x 5 sheets): 100,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)
  • A rank (2 types x 10 sheets): 30,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)
  • B rank (2 types x 10 sheets): 10,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)
  • C rank (5 types x 20 sheets): 3,000 yen/1 sheet (tax included)

2. Sales Volume

10 types of Transmission Tower NFT card, 10 types of Utility pole NFT card, 290 sheets in total

3. Sales period

April 3 to 30, 2023
*Sales start at 9:00 (JST) on April 3 (Monday)

4. Sales

Sold at the following internet site
https://nft.hexanft.com/en/users/g1mRrrU3HXQTDP?collection=%E3%80%90%E9%9B%BB%E6%9F%B1%E3%80%91%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AFS

5. Benefits

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The country's clean energy transition is important to the G7 chair, Japan, which is also facing climate change votes and nuclear problems.

Germany aims to be carbon neutral by 2045, with a focus on expanding renewable energy capacity to meet this goal.

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Decarbonization center stage in Germany's 'climate election'

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Decarbonization center stage in Germany's 'climate election'

Campaign billboards in Germany. Green momentum is pushing climate change up the agenda in the run-up to the Sept. 26 vote.
Source: Sean Gallup/Staff/Getty Images News via Getty Images

Voters in Germany, Europe's largest economy, go to the polls Sept. 26 for a federal election with climate change and energy policy as key battlegrounds.

Sixteen years of coalition governments led by Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union, or CDU, initially saw rapid build-outs of wind and solar power, but more recently have been characterized by a lack of progress on climate issues, just as other countries have made bold strides forward.

A rise in popularity of the country's Green Party is now forcing the larger parties to take a harder line on issues from Germany's coal exit to the rejuvenation of its fledgling onshore wind market, setting up what is billed as "a climate election" by German think tank Agora Energiewende.

As a sign of the times, the Green Party's candidate for chancellor, Annalena Baerbock, joined the CDU's Armin Laschet and Olaf Scholz of the Social Democratic Party, or SPD, for a series of televised debates, breaking tradition from the usual two-person format.

"The next government will be the last to have an active influence on the climate crisis, and I am deeply convinced that we can do it," Baerbock said during a Sept. 12 debate. "It is an enormous opportunity for our country."

But even against this backdrop, the next administration may fall short on delivering what is needed to decarbonize the economy and limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C, as set out by the Paris Agreement on climate change.

"None of the election manifestos are compatible with the 1.5-degrees target; the Greens are closest," Claudia Kemfert, head of the energy, transportation and environment department at the German Institute of Economic Research and a member of the German Environment Ministry's expert council on environmental issues, said in a Sept. 8 email.

New climate law 'still insufficient'

In Germany's political system of proportional representation, governments are usually formed through coalitions of two or more parties. The Green Party's polling results have catapulted the once small party to the club vying for the chancellorship and the party is likely, though not guaranteed, to form part of a new coalition government.

The Greens are putting pressure on other parties to take a stand on climate issues, while their possible role in a future government means other parties can defer to them for much of the policy detail, according to Karla Klasen, an associate at law firm Osborne Clarke in Cologne. "The Social Democrats and the Greens barely differ on climate and energy; the Greens go into the details and have thought things through, while the SPD is copying," Klasen said in a Sept. 8 interview.

The new government will inherit an overhaul of Germany's climate commitments, forced through in May after a court ruling, which moved the country's net-zero target forward to 2045 and introduced fresh milestones in the years until then.

While governing coalition partners, the CDU and SPD, as well as the Free Democratic Party are sticking largely to the newly defined climate objectives in their election manifestos, the Green Party has pledged to accelerate the decarbonization of Germany's economy, calling the revised climate law "still insufficient."

The Greens, the third-most popular party in voter polling, want to curb emissions by 70% by 2030, while also ushering in a faster coal exit, bringing it forward eight years from the existing 2038. By 2035, the party wants 100% renewable energy, which would help achieve net-zero emissions in 20 years, it said.

Kemfert said the new climate law is not compatible with the Paris climate accord and needs to be tightened further, and efforts should target net-zero emissions within 15 years. "To achieve the climate targets we need a massive renewables build-out, a coal exit by 2030 and a departure from fossil fuels in transport and buildings. This is extremely ambitious and can only succeed with a broad range of measures," Kemfert said.

Bureaucratic hurdles

In an Aug. 30 report, Agora laid out a set of recommendations for Germany's new leaders, including an annual €30 billion budget for climate-protection measures, starting in 2022.

It also recommends screening financing through the EU's sustainable finance taxonomy. Shutting down Germany's last coal-fired power plant can be achieved by 2030, the group argued, while onshore wind deployment needs to be tripled.

Growth of onshore wind has slowed in recent years amid a lack of suitable locations and growing local opposition. Agora called for further land to be made available and speedier permitting procedures, as well as for financial incentives for local communities.

In an analysis of election manifestos, German wind power association BWE found the Green Party has the strongest commitment to renewables and the deployment of new capacity, followed by the Left and then the ruling CDU and SPD. To reach Germany's net-zero target by 2045, BWE calls for annual onshore wind construction of 4.5 GW.

Outgoing chancellor Angela Merkel.
Source: Sean Gallup/Staff/Getty Images News via Getty Images

"The big hurdle is the German bureaucracy," Daniel Breuer, energy lawyer and partner at Osborne Clarke, said in an interview.

The devolution of permitting responsibility to local authorities will remain a stumbling block for onshore wind regardless of high-level policy pledges, Breuer said. Meanwhile, solar is on a growth path, even outside of Germany's subsidy framework. "We are advising on a multitude of large utility-scale solar projects financed with [power purchase agreements]. Corporate demand is there because onshore wind isn't working," Breuer said.

Given the country's power needs and the pace of renewables deployment, Breuer does not consider a complete exit from coal by 2030 to be realistic. New gas power plants supplied by the incoming Nord Stream 2 pipeline from Russia could help accelerate the transition, he said.

Hydrogen pledges

Hydrogen plays a significant role in most parties' election pledges: The SPD wants to make Germany the leading market for hydrogen technology by 2030 and the Green Party pledges to collaborate with wind- and solar-rich nations for imports to top up domestic production.

The CDU said it will implement Germany's existing hydrogen strategy, which prioritizes green hydrogen, made from renewables with electrolysis, and targets 5 GW of electrolyzer capacity by 2030. The party will also accept blue hydrogen, made from natural gas with carbon capture, "in the transition phase."

Kemfert said it will take a decade before green hydrogen can be deployed at scale in Germany, exclusively in sectors where direct electrification is not possible.

"And in this decade we have to at least triple the rate of expansion of renewable energies and get out of fossil fuels," she said. "By choosing the wrong priorities, we create new fossil pathway dependencies, so that meeting the climate targets moves further into the future."

The country targets 80 percent of power demand from renewables by 2030, with a significant increase in wind and solar power capacity.

Title:

Content: Germany set to miss climate targets for two years in embarrassing admission

GERMANY is set to miss its climate targets for the next two years, despite green pledges from Olaf Scholz' new government.

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Climate protestors gather outside Cop26

Germany will probably miss its carbon emissions reduction targets in the coming two years, Economy and Climate Protection Minister Robert Habeck told Die Zeit newspaper.

After a top court ruled in April that Germany must tighten its climate protection law, the then-government set more ambitious CO2 reduction targets, including being carbon neutral by 2045.

The new coalition government presented plans to step up climate protection efforts entailing far-reaching reforms for the utility sector and across manufacturing industries, buildings, transport and agriculture.

Habeck, co-leader of the Greens who are part of the new ruling coalition said: "We will probably miss our targets for 2022. ... Even for 2023 it will be difficult enough. We are starting with a drastic backlog."

Germany aims to cut emissions in industry, the biggest carbon emitting sector, to 177 million CO2 tonnes in 2022, down 38 percent compared with 1990.

Germany will probably miss its climate targets for the next two years (Image: GETTY)

In the transport sector, CO2 emissions should be reduced to 139 million tonnes in the coming year, down 15 percent from 1990.

In the transport sector, CO2 emissions should be reduced to 139 million tonnes in the coming year from the 145 million of the current year.

Habeck said the number of wind turbines built in Germany per year will rise to 1,000-1,500 from around 450 in the previous years, in an effort to meet the government's targets for renewables to meet 80 percent of power demand by 2030 and to dedicate 2 percent of land surface to wind power infrastructure.

The government aims to have laws on accelerating approvals of wind turbines ready by the end of next year, he said.

READ MORE: Omicron could ‘usher in end of Covid epidemic’ says new study

He added: "2022 will be one of the most exhausting years this ministry has experienced in a long time."

The embarrassing admission comes as more than 100 leaders last month agreed to halt and reverse deforestation and land degradation by the end of the decade, underpinned by $19 billion in public and private funds to invest in protecting and restoring forests.

The commitment - made at the COP26 climate talks in Glasgow and backed by forest-rich countries such as Brazil, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Congo - covers forests totalling more than 13 million square miles (33.7 million sq km).

Fran Raymond Price, global forest practice lead at environmental group WWF International, said there was an urgent need to see the Glasgow forest declaration turned into meaningful action.

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Germany's Greens co-leader Robert Habeck (Image: GETTY)

She told the Thomson Reuters Foundation: "The political will demonstrated by the governments who signed this commitment is a welcome first step.

"(But) we need to see this now translated into legislative action within the next year or two, with transparency, accountability and involvement of ... indigenous peoples and local communities."

Cutting down forests has major implications for global goals to curb warming, as trees absorb about a third of the planet-heating carbon emissions produced worldwide, but release the carbon they store when they rot or are burned.

Forests also provide food and livelihoods, clean the air and water, support human health, are an essential habitat for wildlife, regulate rainfall and offer flood protection.

Last year, an area of tropical forest the size of the Netherlands was lost, according to monitoring service Global Forest Watch.

The Glasgow declaration was broadly welcomed but many environmentalists noted similar zero deforestation pledges had repeatedly been made and not met by both governments and businesses.

Those include the 2014 New York Declaration on Forest (NYDF), the United Nations sustainability goals and targets set by global household brands.

Under the Glasgow pledge, further leader and ministerial meetings are expected in 2022 and beyond to assess progress and drive implementation of the pact.

To achieve this, Germany aims to dedicate 2 percent of its land surface to wind power infrastructure, with 1000-1500 wind turbines to be built per year.

The annual onshore wind construction target is 4.5 GW, and the country needs to triple its onshore wind deployment to meet its climate targets.

Germany also targets 100% green energy by 2035, with new PV installation to reach 20 GW by 2028, and an annual CAGR of German machine installation to reach 32% by 2025.

Title:

Content: Germany plans to accelerate the development of green power institutions: optimistic about photovoltaic modules
The German government plans to advance the goal of 100% green energy supply by 15 years, investment institutions expect the development of new energy in Europe will enter a new stage of acceleration, the next five years is expected to grow by 30% -35%, driving the global installed growth, the value of the benchmark photovoltaic enterprise investment surges.
The German government on Monday introduced draft legislation to advance the target of 100% renewable energy generation to 2035, 15 years ahead of the original target.
In order to achieve this goal, Germany proposed a renewable energy installation plan by 2035, in which the new PV installation gradually increased from 7 GW in 2022 to 20 GW in 2028, and then maintained the level until 2035.
According to this calculation, the annual compound synthesis rate (CAGR) of German machine installation in 2021-2025 will reach 32%.
According to Changjiang Securities, one of the core reasons for the German government ’ s support for new energy is to get rid of Russia ’ s dependence on natural gas, which accounts for 40% of Europe ’ s natural gas.
Changjiang Securities expects that the development of new energy in European countries will enter a new stage of acceleration.
Analysts are optimistic about photovoltaic modules, which are the most important part of the solar power generation process, and their role is to provide the smallest unit of DC transmission output alone.
CITIC Construction Investment specially emphasizes that it is optimistic about the big coffee photovoltaic module companies, in the case of the widening market share gap in the field, the investment value of heavyweight enterprises is more clear.
The top five companies in the photovoltaic module industry accounted for 38.2% of the market in 2019, which is expected to rise sharply to 76.5% this year, and will further climb in the future, representing the gap between first- and second-tier companies will become larger and larger.
Extended reading

The country plans to increase PV installation from 7 GW in 2022, with photovoltaic modules driving the solar power generation process.

Germany's renewable energy installation plan is set until 2035, with a focus on expanding wind and solar power capacity.

The country aims to produce 80% of its electricity from renewables by 2030, with a target of 215 GW solar capacity and 110 GW onshore wind capacity.

Title:

Content: There were 1,584 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 428,843 in the last 365 days.

Four questions for Germany’s big hydrogen power plan

The German government is proposing to invest billions of euros to support the roll-out of a wave of hydrogen-fired power plants. This is part of a move to phase-out coal plants and to deploy large volumes of wind and solar generation.

Details of the hydrogen plan – the Kraftwerksstrategie or KWS – became available on 5 February through a press release from Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action 1 , which confirmed government agreement on the scheme. The plan is now subject to the approval of the European Commission and negotiations with the German parliament.

The planned hydrogen subsidies would have a transformative impact on both the German and European electricity markets. But discussions on the plans during 2023 were the privilege only of those inside ministries. Given the importance of these plans, the lack of public debate or transparency so far, especially at European level, is concerning.

In this context, and to inform the debate that will now start, we pose four questions: Why hydrogen? What are the ramifications for the European market? Where in Germany? By when should coal be phased out?

An unprecedented transformation of the German electricity system

Germany wants 80 percent of domestic electricity generation to be renewable by 2030, up from 44 percent in 2022 2 . Specifically, this involves reaching an installed generation capacity of 215 gigawatts solar, 110 GW onshore wind and 30 GW offshore wind by 2030, more than doubling existing capacities in the next six year 3 .

Germany’s governing coalition must also decide whether to bring forward the legally-specified coal phase-out date from 2038 to 2030. Bringing it forward would imply replacement of an additional 17 GW of lignite and coal plants by 2030 4 , on top of 13 GW of plants already scheduled for shut down.

All this means restructuring the electricity system at unprecedented speed. To accompany variable renewables, the deployment of clean-generation capacity that can smooth fluctuations in renewable output – both intra-day and across seasons – is necessary. However, exactly how much new capacity is required, and from which technology, is not clear.

What does Germany aim to do? Principles and compromises

The main thrust of the power plant strategy is to provide subsidies for hydrogen-fired power plants. The German government sees these plants as replacements for coal-fired plants that will shut down, and as complements to variable renewable generation, most likely by helping to balance longer-term fluctuations in renewable output. This is consistent with the German government’s grander ambitions for hydrogen. Plans are being drawn up for a hydrogen pipeline network that will cover 10,000 km by 2032 5 , and up to €20 billion will be spent developing the hydrogen industry between 2024 and 2027 6 .

The government originally wanted to support three types of plant: 1) hydrogen sprinters, 2) hydrogen hybrid, and 3) hydrogen-ready. Sprinters are purpose-built turbines that would run on hydrogen from day one. Hybrids involve the co-location of hydrogen capabilities alongside solar PV or onshore wind, which could even out the electricity sent to the power grid 7 . Hydrogen-ready plants would be plants with gas-fired turbines, and a requirement to provide a detailed roadmap showing how they will switch to hydrogen no later than 2040.

In August 2023, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action said it had completed negotiations with the European Commission over provision of state aid to these three types of plant 8 . Plans were drawn up to subsidise 4.4 GW of sprinters, 4.4 GW of hybrid plants, and up to 15 GW of hydrogen-ready plants. A first tender was intended for December 2023.

However, like so much of Germany’s planned climate expenditure, this agreement was thrown into question by a November 2023 constitutional court ruling that COVID-19 debt allowances could not be rolled over into Germany’s Climate and Transformation Fund (Klima- und Transformationsfonds, KTF), on the basis that the rollover would breach government spending rules 9 . The KTF would have been the source of the originally-planned subsidies for three types of hydrogen plant.

Therefore, a compromise was worked out, culminating in the government’s 5 February announcement 10 . The government now plans to subsidise a lower volume of 10 GW hydrogen-ready turbines and has scrapped plans for the 8.8 GW combined sprinters and hybrids. A tender process will offer state support for the construction and operation of four natural gas-fired power plants. Bidders should draw up plans for transitioning to hydrogen between 2035 and 2040. The estimated cost is €16 billion 11 .

This would create a demand for hydrogen of 20 TWh annually once all plants are converted, assuming 1,000 running hours per year 12 . Demand of 20 TWh is significant but not disproportionate in the context of wider plans. Total German hydrogen demand today is 55 TWh, of which almost none is supplied as clean hydrogen produced using renewable electricity 13 . The German national hydrogen strategy sets a target for between 40 TWh and 75 TWh total clean hydrogen demand in 2030 (BMWK, 2023).

Until plants are converted to hydrogen, they will consume natural gas, again estimated at a 20 TWh annual consumption. This compares to typical annual German gas demand of 800 TWh, which will be substantially lower by 2030.

Read the full analysis at the original link.

About the authors

Ben McWilliams is working for Bruegel as an Affiliate fellow in the field of Energy and Climate Policy. His work involves data-driven analysis to critique and inform European public policy, specifically in the area of the energy sector and its decarbonisation.

Georg Zachmann is a Senior Fellow at Bruegel, where he has worked since 2009 on energy and climate policy. His work focuses on regional and distributional impacts of decarbonisation, the analysis and design of carbon, gas and electricity markets, and EU energy and climate policies.

Germany also targets 30 GW offshore wind capacity by 2030, with a plan to quadruple offshore wind power by 2030.

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PoliticsGermany

Can Germany meet its ambitious wind energy targets?

February 3, 2024

Germany wants to quadruple the amount of power generated through offshore wind farms by 2030. But industry figures have cast doubt on this goal, partly due to inadequate seaport infrastructure.

https://p.dw.com/p/4c0r5

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz seems optimistic that his governing coalition — comprising his center-left Social Democrats, the Greens and neoliberal Free Democrats — will push ahead with the country's energy transition. He remains optimistic despite Germany's budget problems, despite growing bureaucratic challenges and a mood of despondency prevalent among large parts of German society.

"If we manage to achieve what we have set out to do, and I am confident that we will, then we will break with 200 years of industrial tradition and prosperity built on coal, gas and oil," said Scholz, speaking in Potsdam last Monday.

Currently, around 30% of German electricity is still generated by burning coal and gas. Wind turbines, meanwhile, generate almost half of the country's power. The government aims to shift to fully climate-neutral electricity production primarily by establishing large wind farms far out in the North and Baltic Sea.

So far, some 1,500 turbines — up 300 meters (nearly 1,000 feet) tall — have already been installed out at sea, where they can rely on strong and continuous wind. Taken together, they supply around 8.5 gigawatts of electricity. The plan is to increase the power output to 30 gigawatts by 2030.

Overly ambitious targets?

To reach this goal, Germany will have to quadruple the amount of power generated by wind turbines in just six years. Wind industry representatives, however, have warned that this could be difficult.

According to the German Wind Energy Association, only 27 new wind turbines were connected to the power grid in 2023. And several trade associations warned in a joint statement that "In order to achieve the statutory expansion targets, the expansion [of wind energy] must increase drastically by 2030."

In a  recent letter, Germany's Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency warned that establishing certain North Sea grid connections could be delayed by up to two years due to converter construction bottlenecks.

Are floating wind farms more efficient?

Stefan Thimm, head of Germany's Federal Association of Offshore Wind Energy, said "if this situation materializes or turns out even worse, it will call into question the agreed expansion targets and send a signal of uncertainty into the value chain."

Seaports key to meeting infrastructure challenges

Producing electricity through offshore wind farms is one thing, but transporting said electricity to shore through huge power cables is quite another. And so, too, is installing the large converters that turn alternating into direct current so that the electricity can be sent from northern Germany to the country's industrial heartland in the south and west.

Experts estimate that an area equivalent to the size of 270 soccer fields will soon have to be made available in German ports to grow the wind power sector.

"Seaports are key offshore wind energy hubs," said Karina Würtz, managing director of the Offshore Wind Energy Foundation. She added that they are crucial for constructing and dismantling wind farms, act as service ports for operation and maintenance and as storage and production sites.

Germany lagging behind Netherlands, Denmark

Würtz pointed out that neighboring countries like the Netherlands and Denmark have been much faster and more effective at building out their wind infrastructure.

"While the Dutch and Danish ports of Eemshaven and Esbjerg have strongly focused on the offshore wind sector in recent years and taken large market shares from German ports, the latter have increasingly turned to other business areas," she said.

Competition is fierce in the industry, with specialist converter construction companies, for example, in high demand. This is because many countries including Germany now want to grow their offshore wind power sector. Greenpeace, meanwhile, has said the German government is setting the wrong priorities, for example by investing a lot of money in liquefied natural gas(LNG) terminals.

"Instead of building completely unnecessary LNG terminals at a dizzying speed, Olaf Scholz should concentrate on setting up offshore wind farms […] to make up for delays as soon as possible," Martin Kaiser, an energy and climate expert at Greenpeace, told DW.

Kaiser said it was unacceptable that Germany's lack of converter stations and the chancellor's misplaced priorities meant Germany was failing to meet its renewable energy targets. The government built the LNG terminals after Russia's invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 brought the flow of Russian gas into Germany to an end, forcing the country to import gas from several different countries instead.

Rügen residents protest LNG terminal growth in Baltic Sea

Germany lacks funds for wind

Yet the government lacks the funds to grow its offshore wind sector, as it would need to take out fresh loans. This, however, is strictly prohibited by law.

Establishing a special fund to support the sector — akin to Germany's special armed forces fund — would be a possibility. German Economy Minister Robert Habeck of the Greens, also in charge of the climate portfolio, suggested setting up such a fund in the Bundestag last week to grow the wind power sector and tackle other issues.

Habeck's proposal, however, was immediately rejected by the opposition and also his coalition partner, the neoliberal Free Democrats.

This article was originally written in German

Jens Thurau Jens Thurau is a senior political correspondent covering Germany's environment and climate policies.@JensThurau

To ensure these targets are met, Germany will simplify permitting for wind expansion, accelerate repowering, and synchronize grid expansion with wind growth.

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Content: German economics and climate minister Robert Habeck has presented a strategy to boost the country’s onshore wind capacity to 160GW by 2035 – through a series of measures from simplified permitting to an acceleration of repowering and a better synchronisation of wind and grid expansion.

The envisaged capacity is nearly three times the cumulative volume of 58.1GW in wind on land reached in Europe’s largest economy at the end of last year.

Habeck said policies already enacted by his government had helped boost the onshore wind uptake by 30% last year, while tendering volumes have soared.

The country will also introduce green hydrogen financing programs and increase tenders for wind and solar electricity.

Title:

Content: Germany ’ s new Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection, Robert Habeck (the Greens), intends to initiate “comprehensive urgent measures ” to protect the environment.
This was reported on January 10 by the German magazine Spiegel.
Climate
Ivan Shilov © IA REGNUM
According to him, the first package of urgent measures will be prepared in the Cabinet by April, a full-fledged climate protection program should be completed by the end of 2022.
Earlier, Habek presented the “initial balance ” on climate protection, showing how the situation in this area in Germany does not meet expectations.
Climate targets for 2022 are unlikely to be met, and the outlook for 2023 remains uncertain.
In this regard, the Ministry reported a serious backlog.
The government ’ s plan is expected to include mandatory installation of solar panels on the roofs of new buildings, new green hydrogen financing programs, and an amendment to the Renewable Energy Act (EEG).
Among other things, the volume of tenders for renewable electricity from wind and solar will be increased.
In addition, according to the “Law on onshore wind energy ”, two percent of the country ’ s territory must be legally assigned to wind energy.

A super-ministerial body will oversee the energy transition, and the government will provide €30 billion for climate-protection measures.

The EU has approved a €28 billion German energy plan to expand wind and solar power, which will replace the current renewable energy subsidy scheme until 2026.

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The European Commission said on Wednesday it had approved a 28 billion euro ($29.69 billion) renewable energy subsidy plan from Germany aimed at accelerating the expansion of wind and solar power.
This plan will replace the current renewable energy subsidy scheme and will be valid until 2026.
The plan aims to meet Germany ’ s goal of producing 80 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.
The European Commission said the plan was "necessary and appropriate" to encourage the use of renewable energy and reduce emissions that are warming the planet.
EU Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager said in a statement that Germany ’ s Renewable Energy Act 2023 plan will help accelerate the pace of reducing carbon use in electricity production.
Expanding clean energy production will be necessary to meet Germany ’ s goal of eliminating greenhouse gas emissions by 2045, as well as filling part of the energy supply gap that occurred after Russia cut most of its gas supplies to Europe this year.
Since the outbreak of the crisis in Ukraine at the end of February, disagreements and mutual sanctions between Moscow and EU capitals and non-EU allies such as the United States have caused reciprocal sanctions.
The sanctions included the Russian energy sector, prompting Moscow to collect the value of its energy exports in Russian rubles from countries described as "unfriendly", before gas exports via the Nord Stream 1 line stopped at the end of August.
It has also become difficult to resume exports via Nord Stream 1 and 2 after explosions caused gas leaks in the Baltic Sea.
Europe announced a ninth round of sanctions against Russia after it capped the price of Russian seaborne gas at $60 a barrel.
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The plan aims to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 and reduce dependence on Russian gas after supply cuts.

However, Germany's climate law is not compatible with the Paris climate accord, and the country may miss its climate targets for 2022 and 2023.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has impacted Germany's energy supply, with the country aiming to reduce its dependence on Russian gas.

There is no mention of sectors of the German population pushing to bring nuclear reactors back online in the provided search results.

There is no mention of sectors of the German population pushing to bring nuclear reactors back online in the provided search results.

Germany's Renewable Energy Act 2023 will accelerate the reduction of carbon use, and the country aims to increase solar production threefold.

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Content: Germany 's "Red and Green Light Union" reached a cabinet agreement, clearly defining China as a competitor
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The German Social Democrats, the Greens and the Liberal Democrats reached a 178-page coalition agreement.
What ’ s special about this document when it comes to diplomacy, security, migration, development, and climate protection?
Written by Sabine Kinkartz and Christoph Strack
After two months of negotiations, the Social Democrats, the Green Party and the Liberal Democrats reached a draft joint cabinet agreement, entitled “Courage for Progress: Alliance for Freedom, Justice and Sustainable Development ”, which consists of 10 chapters, 178 pages, starting with education and digitalization, followed by climate protection.
The opening words of the coalition agreement: “With businesses, employees and consumers, our economy has laid the foundation for our prosperity. ” It also encapsulates what our governing partners can agree on: climate protection and prosperity cannot be mutually exclusive.
More wind and solar power
The coalition partners set Germany ’ s future electricity demand at 750 terawatt-hours, significantly higher than the previous government, but maintaining the previous government ’ s goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 55% by 2030 will accelerate the expansion of wind and solar power: by 2030, 80% of electricity will come from renewable sources, not 65%.
This is an ambitious goal.
Solar roofing will become mandatory for commercial buildings and should become the norm for private buildings, resulting in a threefold increase in solar production.
Germany currently has about 31,000 wind turbines in operation.
According to the agreement, wind power expansion should be 7 times faster, and for this purpose, the nature protection target needs to be given way to wind energy expansion.
Green Party: Impossible mission?
A super-ministerial body, headed by the Greens, will be set up to bring together some of the ministries of the economy, climate protection and the former environment to achieve the energy transition.
Under the joint agreement, the last coal-fired power plant should be closed by 2030 “ideally. ”
The original plan was 2038.
The vague phrase “ideally ” exposes the Green Party ’ s inability to convince the Social Democrats and the Liberal Democrats that coal power has a longer operating life on this issue.
Liberal Party chairman Christian Lindner called it the “most ambitious climate protection plan ” of any industrial country.
The only limitation, he stressed, comes from physics: “Whatever is politically and economically achievable is described in the agreement. ”
Diplomatic field
In the joint administration agreement, the following chapters on climate protection cover a variety of domestic issues.
It is not until Chapter 7 that it deals with diplomacy, named “Germany ’ s Responsibility to Europe and the World ”, which consists of 28 pages, divided into three parts:“ Europe ”, “Integration, Migration, Escape ” and“ Diplomacy, Security, Defense, Development, and Human Rights. ”
Contrary to what has been reported in the discussions over the past few weeks, there will still be a Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development.
In this way, it also highlights the role and necessity of Germany ’ s humanitarian engagement.
The department will be run by the Social Democratic Party.
The party will also head the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior, which deals with immigration.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is headed by the Green Party
The party is not directly involved in foreign policy or international affairs.
Defining the Chinese strategy.
Citing current foreign policy issues, the ruling coalition ’ s three parties reiterated their support for the pro-democracy movement and Ukraine, without naming Russia, but instead demanded “an immediate end to attempts to destabilize Ukraine, an end to violence in eastern Ukraine, and an end to the illegal annexation of Crimea. ”
The Joint Administration Agreement is more about China, making clear that the relationship with China is a competitive and systemic rival.
In order to “realize our values and interests ” in this institutional competition, Germany needs a comprehensive China strategy within the framework of the EU-China Common Policy.
Promoting international cooperation
Like the previous government, the future government said that Israel ’ s security was a “national priority ” for Germany and that it would work to establish a German-Israeli youth organization.
With regard to Turkey, the coalition said it had no intention of initiating any new accession talks in view of the country ’ s numerous “worrying domestic political developments and diplomatic conflicts ”.
In the field of foreign policy, the three ruling parties hope to strengthen the position of the United Nations as the most important organ of the international order, and emphasize multilateralism and cooperation among countries.
The agreement says that Germany will make efforts to do so during the upcoming G7 presidency.
Europe needs more common policies
Under the agreement, the coalition called for a “truly common European foreign, security and defence policy. ”
The agreement says the EU must have greater international capacity to act and show more solidarity on the outside.
The agreement also states that stronger cooperation between militaries of countries with common command structures and joint military-civilian headquarters should be achieved.
When it comes to defense policy, a controversial topic that has been going on since late August is striking: the agreement requires a House of Representatives investigation committee to “thoroughly investigate ” the security evacuation mission of the Federal Defense Forces ’ Afghan garrison.
According to the agreement, a special committee will be set up to apply scientific expertise to investigate the 20-year mission of the German army in Afghanistan to help shape the future of the German military mission abroad.
Allowing Immigrants to Work
On the "immigration integration policy", the "traffic light" coalition plans to achieve "a new starting point for a modern immigration country".
According to the agreement, it is necessary to establish a "forward-looking, realistic" immigration policy, reduce "irregular immigration", and speed up and digitize visa issuance.
"We will lift the work ban on people already living in Germany," the agreement said in a brief statement.
The final paragraph of the joint administration agreement is politically impactful in the EU.
The paragraph states that if there is no longer a German European Commission president, the Green Party has the right to nominate a German European Commission member.
In response to a question from future Prime Minister Olaf Scholz about the staffing arrangements, some observers have concluded that the new government will not support the re-election of current European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
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The government acknowledges a serious climate target backlog and is working to complete a climate protection program.

Overall, Germany is committed to expanding its renewable energy capacity and reducing its dependence on fossil fuels to meet its climate targets.

The country's transition to renewable energy sources is a crucial step towards achieving carbon neutrality, with the aim of relying on 100% renewable energy by 2035.

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Wednesday, 25.05.2022
14: 00 The time of peace is over.
Global Mission of Russia
13: 57 Hamshahri: Will Russian oil overtake Iranian oil in the Chinese market?
Henry Kissinger: Ukraine will have to surrender the territory of Russia
China urged to create a "green corridor" for grain exports from Russia and Ukraine
13: 46 A gas pillow for the Old World is filled with the whole world, - O. Nikiforov
13: 45 Rebellion in Steplag.
As Solzhenitsyn Banderovtsev sang
13: 44 In Orenburg will honor the memory of the common heroes of Kazakhstan and Russia - Manshuk Mametova and Talgat Begeldinov,
13: 43 Cultural censorship.
Why Kyrgyzstan is increasingly banning performances and exhibitions
13: 41 Russia VS Ukraine, - M.Ivlev, N.Ponomarenko
13: 40 The American Conservative: The total LGBT-ization of America
13: 39 Moldova and Romania prepare Sfatul Cerii № 2? - A.Karaman
13: 36 The hysteria around Ukraine must stop.
It ’ s time to acknowledge the obvious. – Katrina Huvel
12: 26 Niyazov, a Zamakim of Mangistau region, arrested in February for swindling, went to... his former job
12: 13 20: Death toll in primary school shooting in Texas
11: 34 Ugly Uzbek singer Nargiza Zakirova deported from Russia
11: 25 Putin went to the southern breakthrough of the trade blockade of Russia.
Cut through the "window", - "MK"
10: 46 Soros cliche World War III because of the Ukrainian crisis, - "MK"
10: 31 New norms of law in "New Kazakhstan", - M. Bashimov (on the rights of delusions)
10: 11 Why Russia has almost no allies in the post-Soviet space - Gevorg Mirzayan
09: 56 Germany cancels €15 million debt to Kyrgyzstan
Under what conditions?
09: 19 Army Z hacked Svitlodar shaft Ukr
08: 58 The Second Great Patriotic War and the Reset of Russia, - Dayan Jayatilleka
08: 13 Biden the Destroyer, - Nikolay Kuzmin
08: 10 Unstable Mangistau.
Protests only dream? - Alma Bektenova
07: 49 Twilight of the Western Gods, - Yuri Borisov
00: 40 Zelensky evacuated his parents to Israel.
Time for slippers? - "SP"
00: 32 Satanovsky: The Third World War is already underway
00: 30 Tokayev reports to Davos Forum on his unprecedented "reforms"
00: 24 The Pentagon will take under the hood of the naval militia of China, - Vladimir Skosyrev
00: 23 No oil, no gas and no bread.
The worst of Europe is yet to come - Vesna Knyazhevich
US is trying to turn Central Asia against Russia, - V. Panfilova
Russia is preparing for an eternal quarrel with the West and an eternal friendship with China, - "NG"
00: 15 Zakat Nazism: DPR issues postage stamp in support of Ukraine ’ s denazification
Tuesday, 24.05.2022
22: 49 Tajikistan.
Is it only about Mamadbakirov? - Safo Rasulov
18: 54 Writer Olzhas Suleimenov revives his deceased party "People's Congress of Kazakhstan"
18: 27 General of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kazakhstan Zh.Halykula (a relative of Nazarbayev) arrested for corruption
17: 52 Don 't you dare insult Pamir the gentlemen who slaughtered Uncle Sam, - Safo Rasulov
17: 40 Space Monitoring and Geoinformation Technologies Center established in Uzbekistan
17: 37 China may become the main target of sanctions war of collective West, - V. Katasonov
14: 29 The State Duma of the Russian Federation denounced the agreement on pension guarantees of citizens of the CIS
14: 24 EMERCOM of Russia headed by former adjutant of Putin, General Kurenkov
12: 21 Huanqiu Shibao: Europe has become a victim of the Russian-American game.
Who's to blame?
12: 19 American Thinker: Biden ’ s America is rotting from the head.
Collapse is inevitable
12: 18 Secrets of the Kazakh Amazons (Steppe Furies)
12: 16 On the “abolition ” of post-Soviet Russia.
Reanimation of the pioneer – the actual return to the state ideology
12: 13 Time: The West turns a blind eye to the defeat of Ukraine.
It's dangerous.
11: 56 Kum Medvedchuk testified against ex-Ukrprez Poroshenko.
Together illegally traded Donetsk coal
11: 35 What, son, have your lyahs helped you, or the Kiss of Duda, - A. Krengel
11: 06 How Alma-Ata survived under seven previous mayors.
Ch. 4, - E.Kosenko
11: 02 The main dog breeder KazMVD was caught in corruption.
Stealing from dog bowls?
10: 47 In Chisinau arrested "pro-Russian" ex-president Dodon
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The gas pillow for the Old World is filled with the whole world, - O.Nikiforov
13: 46 25.05.2022
Gas pillow for the Old World is filled with the whole world
Greens prefer to turn a blind eye to the environmentally “dirty ” American LNG
Oleg Nikiforov
Executive editor of the application "NG-Energia"
Existing and under construction LNG receiving terminals in Europe.
Map of the European Commission
Events in Ukraine prompt the German government to reduce dependence on Russian gas as soon as possible, according to a scientific paper prepared by the Berlin Foundation for Science and Policy (SWP).
Estimates of the fund are important because they are actively used by the German government in the development of long-term plans.
The way out, according to experts of the fund, is diversification of supplies, and the rate should be made on liquefied gas (LNG) plus the creation of gas reserves.
According to the adopted plans, Germany should rely on 100% renewable energy sources in its energy supply by 2035.
But in fact, experts say, the federal government is facing a complex dilemma and a difficult choice of directions for future actions, which is associated with the adoption of geopolitical and geo-economic decisions that go far beyond the measures of the so-called energy transition.
What are we really talking about?
Events in Ukraine put the energy transition, or transformation of energy, of Germany before a significant dilemma.
On the one hand, the pace of change and its expansion are required.
This also applies to the refusal to supply Russian energy resources, which must be significantly reduced.
On the other hand, the government is faced with a choice between the planned goals in the climate sphere and ensuring the reliability of energy supply.
And now these problems have become even more urgent.
According to experts, dependence on Russian gas can be reduced only by a significant increase in LNG imports.
But this is hampered by the limited capacity to receive LNG both in Germany and in Europe.
As of the beginning of 2022, Europe has import terminals for receiving LNG, which can take about 10 billion cubic meters of gas per year.
Europe ’ s gas needs are now estimated at 530 billion cubic meters per year.
Germany consumes about 90 billion cubic meters of gas per year.
And even for the period up to 2040, the need for gas for Europe, according to a number of examinations, will amount to 430 billion cubic meters.
However, they do not solve the problem of gas supply to Europe.
According to Fred Hutchison, head of LNG Alies in Washington, the construction of additional terminals will do nothing if the United States can not offer additional volumes of LNG.
Yes, the United States, which claims to be the main supplier of LNG to Europe (in 2021, the United States agreed to supply 22 billion cubic meters of gas to Europe, and in 2022 the EU expects to increase supplies by another 15 billion cubic meters of gas), there are, according to experts, problems with the development of infrastructure.
According to Spiegel magazine, there are currently seven terminals in the United States.
But the increase in LNG production in the United States, which is a prerequisite for the construction of new terminals for imports, is due to the fact that in the United States, the method of hydraulic fracturing is used for gas production, which is considered harmful to the environment.
Of course, now the German "Greens" prefer to turn a blind eye to the environmentally "dirty" American LNG, but in the United States, the expansion of production by fracking meets with resistance from environmentalists.
The German government does not lose sight of Qatar as a possible promising supplier of LNG (now Qatar supplies 5% of the volume of European gas imports to Europe).
But given the fact that this country is the third largest gas producer in the world (after Russia and the United States), there were hopes in Germany for the possibility of increasing the supply of Qatari LNG.
Therefore, in March of this year, Federal Minister of Economy and Climate Robert Habek went to Qatar to negotiate an increase in the supply of Qatari LNG.
Portal Ingeneuer.de calls this trip "controversial way".
The portal indicates that for the German Greens (and Habek belongs to the Union 90 / Greens party), respect for human rights plays an important role, which, according to the portal, is an international problem in Qatar.
But Habeck backtracked on this point and began to argue that there are differences between “an undemocratic state in which there are problems with human rights, and an authoritarian state waging an aggressive war in front of German doors. ”
In other words, there are States with varying levels of human rights violations, and some of them can be dealt with.
It is possible that the main factor in this is the willingness of Qatar Petroleum to participate in the financing of the construction of LNG terminals in Germany.
In addition, it should be borne in mind that the main consumer of LNG is in Asia, which accounts for 2 / 3 of the sales of all LNG.
And the need for such major LNG consumers as China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, India, is growing.
This growth, according to Spiegel, will increase by 77% by 2040.
To reorient the main LNG flows from Asia to Europe, prices higher than in Asia are needed.
Role of LNG
The main project in the construction of an import terminal in Germany is the port city of Wilhelmshaven, which now serves as a base for the German Navy.
The capacity of the planned terminal will be 7.5 billion cubic meters per year.
This accounts for about 8.5% of Germany ’ s total gas exports.
The German company Uniper is involved in the construction.
The company plans to use floating terminals of four vessels to reload incoming LNG before the launch of the main terminal.
Uniper and RWE intend to acquire two Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU) for this purpose.
Regardless of this ongoing construction, there is a project for the construction of a more powerful import terminal with a capacity of 16 – 20 billion cubic meters. E.ON and Tree Energy Solutions intend to participate in its financing.
The beginning of construction is scheduled for 2025.
In the land of Schleswig-Holstein, in the town of Brunsbüttel, located at the western entrance from the Kiel Canal, the construction of an LNG import terminal with a capacity of 8 billion cubic meters has begun. It is planned to finish in 2026.
The project is financed by the German state investment bank KfW, which intends to invest up to half of its cost.
Dutch energy concern Gasunie intends to participate in 40% of the project cost, and 10% will be taken by the German concern RWE.
Land Prime Minister Daniel Gunther announced that from the beginning of 2023 he intends to take over the floating terminal to supply LNG land.
The third import terminal with a capacity of 12 billion cubic meters of gas per year will be built in the town of Stade, near Hamburg.
It will be put into operation in 2026.
Belgian company Fluxys, Swiss firm Investor Partners Group and German logistics firm Buss will take part in the construction.
The fourth participant is the international chemical corporation DOW Chemical.
The project is being implemented by the German company Hanseatic Energy Hub.
Germany's own gas
During the discussion on achieving independence from Russian gas, the Economic Council of the CDU made a proposal to increase the level of gas production in Germany itself.
In 2021, according to the Federal Union of Natural Gas, Oil and Geoenergy (BVEG), Germany produced 5.2 billion cubic meters of natural gas.
The main gas fields are located in the state of Lower Saxony.
And in 2001, domestic production covered 21% of demand in Germany itself.
By now, its own production has fallen.
The reason for this is the activity of environmentalists and tightened production standards in connection with it.
According to the Union, a realistic goal is to increase domestic gas production to 6 billion cubic meters per year, which would correspond to an increase in the share of domestic gas in consumption to 5-6%.
A significant amount of gas, says the newspaper Tagesspiegel, citing Miriam Arens, a press representative of the Federal Association for Natural Gas, Oil and Geoenergy of Germany, could be produced in Germany using the method of hydraulic fracturing, which is prohibited for environmental reasons.
However, Michael Hüther, head of the Institute for German Economy (IDW), said in an interview with the Rheinische Post that all available opportunities should be considered for the speedy abandonment of Russian gas.
We are talking about shale gas, which today can be produced by pumping chemicals into rocks.
In support of fracking (the so-called method of production by hydraulic fracturing) expressed and the Minister of economy of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia Andreas Pinquart and Bavarian Prime Minister Markus Seder.
In the book Die Schlacht um Europas Gasmarkt, published in 2018, it is noted that the shale gas reserves in Germany, according to various estimates, from 0.7 trillion to 2.3 trillion cubic meters.
Their extraction would satisfy all the country ’ s gas needs for 13 years.
The CDU Economic Council draws attention to the natural gas reserves located in the border region between Germany and the Netherlands.
They amount to 60 billion cubic meters and could be produced jointly by the two countries.
It is noteworthy that the Dutch company One-Dyas intends in the Borkum area (on German territory) to build a marine platform for gas production from this field, called N05-A, which was discovered only in 2017 and is located between the German Borkum and the Dutch island of Schirmonnikog.
This will allow to produce annually up to 2 billion cubic meters of gas.
The land government in Lower Saxony initially opposed the project for environmental reasons – as the site of the proposed extraction is located directly near the national park, but changed its position.
However, German environmentalists are still opposed to this project.
And even if all obstacles are overcome, production can begin no earlier than 2024.
From the point of view of the Federal Minister of Finance Christian Lindner, the requirement in the coalition agreement not to conduct gas and oil production in the North Sea in connection with the current events in Europe related to the Ukrainian crisis, is already outdated.
He said this to the European magazine.
Opportunities in Norway
Norway is traditionally the only alternative to Russia as a direct supplier of pipeline natural gas to Germany.
Today, it is considered the second largest supplier of blue fuel to Germany after Russia.
In 2021, 30-45% of Germany ’ s natural gas imports came from Norway via three main pipelines.
Norway exported 120 billion cubic meters of gas in 2021.
Taking into account the Ukrainian events, Norway decided not to reduce the level of gas production.
But to increase the level of production, as reported by the Norwegian Ministry of energy, the country can no longer.
The transfer of repair work can only allow not to reduce gas supplies to Europe.
According to Equinor, the country ’ s main gas producer, a slight increase in production is possible at three gas fields in the North Sea.
We are talking about the fields "Ozeberg", "Heidrun" and "Trol".
Ozeberg can additionally produce about 1 billion cubic meters of gas, at the Heidrun field - 0.4 billion cubic meters.
According to Business Portal Norway, the largest Norwegian field “Trol ” is also planned to increase production in the amount of 1 billion cubic meters per year.
In this field, another 715 billion cubic meters of gas remain available for production.
In practice, this means the possibility of gas production from this field after 2050, says Helge Haugane, senior vice president of Gas and Power.
There is no hope for Groningen.
It is known that until recently, the Dutch government intended to stop gas production from its fields by mid-2022, which was due to environmental circumstances.
Although initially the implementation of this step was planned for 2030.
However, events in Ukraine prompted the government to change its plans.
According to the German economic newspaper Handelsblatt in its April 22, 2022 issue, the government has decided to support those firms that intend to produce gas in the North Sea.
However, at the time of writing, the reaction of the German government to this step was still unknown.
We are talking primarily about the Dutch company One Dyas and its project 500 m from the German border in the area of   the German island of Borkuma.
However, natural phenomena (an earthquake in the production area at the Groningen field) are prompting the government to close production at this site in 2023.
As you know, Groningen is considered the largest European field with gas reserves of 2.7 trillion cubic meters, it was discovered in 1959.
Of these, 1.5 billion cubic meters have already been extracted.
However, since 1959, more than 900 earthquakes with an amplitude of up to 3.6 points have been recorded in the mining area.
Earthquakes were linked to the development of the field.
The initial termination date at Groningen was set for 2030, then it shifted to mid-2022 and has now been increased to 2023.
Therefore, experts of the Fund tend to attach importance to accelerating the expansion of the construction of renewable energy plants, especially wind, and reducing energy consumption.
The experts of the fund believe that a return to nuclear energy could help Germany in the event of a complete abandonment of coal energy both in terms of solving the set climate problems and in terms of reducing dependence on gas.
But in Germany, this requires a thorough political discussion and social consensus.
Under the current conditions, experts say, the federal government is betting on the "absolute priority" of hydrogen.
It can be used both as an energy carrier and for energy storage purposes.
But rising energy prices complicate this step, especially in energy-intensive industries such as steel and chemistry.
Without rapid scaling of the production of green hydrogen, experts say, and without the volumetric support of the state, the positive development of the electrolysis process (a necessary component for the production of hydrogen) will go at a slow pace.
Experts believe that most likely Germany will have to reckon with the fact that neither Russia nor Ukraine will become its partners in the production of hydrogen.
Germany will have to find other partners.
Therefore, experts believe, the importance of North Africa and the Middle East in terms of organizing a partnership for the production of hydrogen will increase.
In this case, the question arises about the search for a suitable technology, the characteristics of hydrogen, its derivatives, transport and logistics problems.
Of course, experts say, Germany should not lose sight of alternative sources of hydrogen production, in particular from natural gas.
But in this case, it is necessary to diversify sources of supply.
Events in Ukraine prompt Germany to redefine priorities in the energy triangle: sustainability, competitiveness, security of supply.
From the point of view of security of supply and competitiveness, the federal government needs to take into account three long-term nature of decisions: from a geopolitical point of view, energy transition acquires a forced importance, and not only taking into account the actions of Russia; from a technological point of view, Germany enters into competition with the United States and China; from the point of view of reliability, provision of critical raw materials and supply chains becomes important.
Sustainability and reliability of production sites are important.
Geo-economically, the move away from Russia will, in the medium and long term, increase Germany ’ s dependence on ports and maritime energy trade and on a volatile global gas market.
An additional complicating factor will be the possible abrupt termination of stable pipeline supplies of energy resources.
And the proposed re-equipment of the gas infrastructure for transporting hydrogen from Russia and Eastern Europe in the foreseeable future is difficult to implement both politically and economically, experts say.
Germany ’ s geo-strategically expected exit from continental energy trade with Russia will have two kinds of consequences.
On the one hand, on the basis of Russia ’ s dominant infrastructure and regulatory position in Eurasia, the development of energy partnership in the region will be difficult.
In the long term, we should expect the development of Russian pipeline exports of energy resources in the direction of Asia and China.
Source - NG
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Germany faces significant challenges in this transition, including the risk of insufficient baseload power generation capacity.

The German government has set ambitious targets, such as generating 80% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.

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Content: Global News
Germany: 80% of electricity will come from renewable sources by 2030
You are now following the news of Germany: 80% of electricity will come from renewable sources by 2030 from the section World News and now we leave you with full details
MOHAMMED - Abu Dhabi on Monday 23 October 2023 8: 19 AM - German Chancellor Olaf Schulz has expressed his conviction that 80% of Germany's electricity will come from renewable sources by 2030.
Speaking at a staff event at the energy company RWE marking its 125th anniversary, Schulz said: “We are moving fast, making progress, we can reach our goal. ”
He pointed to the recent sharp rise in the number of licenses for solar and wind power plants.
"Now we have to make sure that they are not only licensed quickly, they are built quickly as well," he said.
Schulz went on to say that the German government is working to ensure that energy supplies “remain safe, reliable and affordable. ”
RWE is the largest producer of electricity in Germany.
We hope that we have succeeded in conveying the full details of the German news: 80% of the electricity will come from renewable sources by 2030.
In God ’ s care and protection.
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However, the transition is hindered by factors like bureaucracy, citizen discontent, and federalism, which create obstacles to wind turbine construction.

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Controversy over wind energy in Germany
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The general election on September 26 will determine the new composition of the German government, which will face the difficult task of ensuring an energy transition to “climate neutrality ”.
The main parties are in favor of the development of solar and wind energy.
But bureaucracy and citizen discontent are delaying the transition.
To understand the situation, we visited the rural district of Rön-Grabfeld, located in the north of Bavaria.
The wind farm manager, Erich Wust, has dedicated us to a world of political squabbles, bureaucratic red tape and lawsuits by disgruntled neighbors.
According to him, federalism creates additional obstacles to the construction of wind turbines.
Bavaria passed its own law, known as the 10h rule, according to which wind turbines must be located at least 10 times their height from the nearest structure.
Worst calls on politicians to review energy laws after the election:
“If we want to develop renewable energy sources, we must remove all restrictions as soon as possible.
Specifically here in Bavaria, rule 10h.
This law has led to the fact that in Bavaria over the past 2 years, not a single application for the construction of a wind farm has been filed. "
Why doesn ’ t the area like having wind turbines next door?
Among the reasons are the threat to bird populations, noise, as well as conflicts over land use.
The petition against the construction of new wind turbines was signed by 1,700 people, that is, 80% of the residents of the village of Wargolshausen, located in the immediate vicinity of the construction site.
Preparations for the construction of wind farms in Vargolshausen were accompanied by lengthy administrative approvals.
At one stage, the builders were forced to dismantle the already built foundations of a new type in order to build others, using outdated technology.
Investors of the project complain about the lost money and ask the government to speed up the timing of approval.
The Green Party and the Christian Democrats want to transfer 2% of the country ’ s territory to wind farms.
The Social Democrats and the CDU promise to reduce the time for issuing permits for their construction from two years to six months.
Raimund Kamm, a green energy lawyer.
In the past, German politicians have been too involved with the coal lobby, he said.
Now he sees a threat from the gas industry.
In the rural district of Ebersberg, a new way of involving local residents in decision-making has been tested.
Local authorities organized a survey on the installation of wind turbines in the forest, which is owned by the state, away from housing.
The local energy agency distributed information to local residents on how to reduce carbon dioxide levels.
As a result, the majority of residents spoke in favor of wind farms.
But defenders of rare species of animals reject the results of the survey and are going to sue.
Supporters of the Green Party, on the contrary, believe that the fight against climate change outweighs all the arguments of opponents.
Another source of renewable energy is solar panels.
We came to visit the farmer Karl Schweisfurt, who wants to install them on the roof of his barn.
According to him, if farmers receive adequate remuneration for stopping solar panels connected to the common electricity grid on the roofs of their buildings, it will not be necessary to install these panels in other places.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has also impacted Germany's energy supply, with Russia previously providing 55% of the country's gas needs.

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Scholz told how Germany copes with the lack of Russian gas
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German Chancellor Olaf Scholz.
Photo by AP Photo / Michael Sohn
Scholz revealed the secret of the “vitality ” of Germany without Russian gas
There will be no recession in Germany in 2023, Scholz said in an interview with Bloomberg.
It ’ s all about the unusually warm winter and the emergence of new LNG terminals, which allows the country to increase the supply of imported gas.
Michael Nienaber, Arne Delfs
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz expressed confidence that Germany will avoid recession this year, and tried to calm Europe ’ s largest economy, faced with energy blackmail from Russia.
Germany is experiencing a winter energy crisis better than many thought just a few weeks ago.
According to Scholz, diversification of supplies has become an important factor in maintaining the economy.
“I ’ m pretty sure it won ’ t happen – there won ’ t be a recession in Germany, ” Scholz told Bloomberg ’ s John Micklethwait on Tuesday.
He also expressed confidence that the dispute with the United States about climate subsidies will be overcome, and that China, which is turning into a powerful political and economic force, will be able to pacify.
Due to the rapid transition to non-Russian energy sources and reduced demand for them in an unusually warm winter, the risk of power outages was avoided.
This has given strength and popularity to the 64-year-old chancellor, who seeks to preserve public support for Ukraine and the unity of his three-party coalition.
Since the start of Putin ’ s military operation in Ukraine, it has become clear how vulnerable Germany is in terms of energy supplies, and energy concerns have become a top topic on Scholz ’ s agenda.
Before the conflict, Russia provided 55% of the country ’ s gas needs, and the chancellor had to act quickly to avoid shortages in the coldest months of winter.
Social Democrat Scholz very unexpectedly won the federal elections in 2021, and because of the beginning of the conflict almost immediately faced chaos and confusion.
A few days after the fighting began, he announced massive spending to modernize and reorganize the weakened military, and then began adapting the economy to operate without cheap Russian gas.
But his grand promise of a "Zeitenwende" (a historic turning point for Germany) remains unfulfilled.
He won fewer votes than any other chancellor since World War II.
Scholz is quick to respond to urgent challenges, but Germany needs to accelerate its transition to renewable energy in order for its industrial base to remain competitive.
Meanwhile, Germany ’ s dependence on China is becoming dangerous, as Beijing begins to show strength in the international arena and marks Berlin ’ s place in the development of new production technologies.
For the predecessor of Scholz Angela Merkel, China was a fast-growing market, bringing profit to German industrialists.
But Xi Jinping has taken a dual stance on the conflict in Ukraine, and this underscores the new complexities in German-Chinese relations.
Berlin fears becoming overly dependent on Beijing.
But about 250 billion euros of annual trade between the two countries is at stake, and Scholtz has to find a middle ground between cooperation and prudence.
It purposefully develops relations with other Asian countries such as India, Japan and Indonesia.
The chancellor visited China only in November, almost a year after taking office.
And yet, as the largest automotive market in the world, China is extremely important to Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz and BMW.
This dependence extends to the hundreds of small private manufacturing companies that make up the backbone of the German economy.
“We need to learn the lessons of the conflict and draw lessons from the many other major challenges we face, ” Scholz said before leaving for the World Economic Forum, where he will deliver a special address on Wednesday.
He is the only G7 leader to travel to Davos, Switzerland.
This suggests that Scholz, after an uncertain start, is trying to find himself a more significant place and role on the world stage.
Scholz also has to deal with the most problematic issues in relations with the United States, which Merkel faced almost constantly as chancellor.
Relations with Washington deteriorated in the last years of her rule, when former President Donald Trump accused Germany of trying to live on someone else ’ s expense in the allocation of funds for collective defense, as well as the economic exploitation of allies through a high trade surplus.
Such tension persists, although Scholz has managed to get closer to Joe Biden and establish cooperation.
Germany and other European countries say Biden, with his green investment plan, is unfairly subsidizing American companies and trying to divert capital from the continent.
However, Scholz expressed confidence that this issue will be resolved without a trade war.
“I ’ m sure that won ’ t happen.
We are working hard to prevent such a situation, ” he said.
Tensions in trade did not prevent Scholz from cooperating with the United States in providing assistance to the armed forces of Ukraine.
Germany is one of the largest suppliers of military equipment to Kiev, although now there is strong pressure on Scholz to deliver Leopard tanks to Ukraine.
The prospect of sending the most powerful German combat vehicles to fight the Russian army causes painful anxiety for the German leader, evoking memories of the battles on the Eastern Front during World War II.
Therefore, Scholz carefully coordinates the supply with the United States and says that he will maintain this approach.
“We never act alone, ” he said,“ in such a difficult situation today. ”
He also took a firm stand against Russia, saying he would not stop supporting Kiev and that Putin would have to decide whether or not to withdraw his troops from Ukrainian territory.
"We will support Ukraine as much as necessary and with all the means at our disposal," he said.
At the same time, he added the customary clause that NATO allies should not be drawn into a direct conflict with Russia.
Despite numerous problems and challenges, the chancellor speaks cautiously but confidently, as the unexpected vitality of the German economy gives added weight to his plans.
“The biggest danger to Germany was the energy situation in the winter, ” Gary Cohn, a former Trump economic adviser, told Bloomberg TV.
- I think Germany will survive this winter quite easily without facing energy problems.
It seems to me that they will pass this stage powerfully and confidently.
I agree with the chancellor. ”
Industrial production in the fourth quarter stalled, not increasing, but not declining.
The economy has refuted numerous forecasts that a recession will begin this quarter on the wave of strong inflation.
Instead, new LNG terminals are emerging along the Baltic and North Seas, giving Germany more room for economic maneuver and growth, Scholz said.
"We are constantly increasing the capacity to accept imported gas," the chancellor said.
I am confident that we will be able to get out of this situation again. ”
The article was written by Rosalind Mathieson, Chad Thomas, Iain Rogers, Petra Sorge, Jana Randow, Alexander Weber, Zoe Schneevais. Zoe Schneeweis, Craig Stirling and Christoph Rauwald.
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As a result, Germany has had to rely on coal power to ensure a stable energy supply, which risks complicating its climate goals.

Title:

Content: Germany will go to an unpopular measure for the sake of heat in the winter
The German authorities will return to work coal thermal power plants for the sake of uninterrupted power supply in the winter
The German government has decided to return to work several coal-fired thermal power plants (TPPs) in order to ensure uninterrupted power supply during peak periods of demand in the coming winter.
This is reported by Bloomberg.
We are talking about the permission to resume work at the stations owned by the energy companies RWE and LEAG.
As specified in the Ministry of economy and climate protection, this unpopular in the context of the desire of the German authorities to achieve zero carbon emissions measure should help the country to save natural gas and prevent interruptions in energy supplies during the heating season.
At the same time, experts warn that the decision of the Bundestag to return to work “dirty ” TPPs risks complicating the achievement of the country ’ s climate goals, including a complete abandonment of coal generation by 2030.
Since 2020, such energy facilities began to emit much more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
So, according to the Federal Agency for Environmental Protection, by the end of 2022, the volume of emissions of harmful substances approached the mark of 250 million tons, although a few years ago they were at the level of 209 million.
The return to operation of several German coal-fired power plants is associated with a sharp reduction in the supply of Russian energy resources, including pipeline gas.
This forced the German government to rely on burning coal to produce electricity.
The situation with the stability of power supply in the country is also affected by the phased decommissioning of the remaining nuclear reactors in Germany.
In the first half of July, Reuters reported on a number of challenges that the German authorities are at risk of facing on the way to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.
For a more active transition to hydrogen energy, the country needs to lay 1,800 kilometers of converted and new pipelines, which will require significant financial support from the German and European authorities.
However, even after that, Germany will have to import at least half of the required consumption rate of this type of fuel from abroad.
The good tape is deactivated.
Welcome to the real world.

The government is addressing these challenges by allocating billions of euros for the construction of state-backed gas power plants, which will operate with green hydrogen between 2035 and 2040.

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Content: Central News First-hand News APP
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Construction of gas power plant auxiliary green energy transformation Germany received informal approval from the European Union
2024 / 6 / 8 16: 17
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Reuters quoted people familiar with the negotiations as saying that Germany has been informally approved by the European Union to allocate billions of euros to build gas power, so that unstable renewable energy can be stable when power is not enough.
Sources in the German government and related companies said the principle agreement with the EU ’ s competition authority includes 10 gigawatts (10 GW) of state-backed public utilities, although some details are still to be finalised in the coming weeks.
Sources also said that the agreement reached by the German government contains a series of provisions that will be adjusted in line with the long-term development of the "national power plant strategy", and Berlin is expected to receive a document from the European Union on the 7th describing the informal agreement.
Germany is transitioning to renewable energy, in addition to the decommissioning of nuclear power, is also phasing out coal-fired power plants, but hopes to support stable power supply through national power in the process, to cope with the peak of demand for electricity and wind, solar power generation can not stabilize the situation.
The German government previously said new gas plants would also need to be able to operate with green hydrogen, but the transition to green hydrogen could take place between 2035 and 2040.
The German economy ministry did not confirm the news, saying only that talks with the EU had made good progress; the European Commission said it was in close and constructive discussions with German authorities, but could not give further details or timing.
German authorities plan to invite tenders from public utilities such as RWE, EnBW Power Holdings and Uniper Energy for the construction and operation of gas power plants.
A reverse auction is also designed to award contracts to companies that agree to receive minimum subsidies.
German Economy Minister Robert Habeck said on Wednesday that a deal was nearing completion after long negotiations with the European Union, and that the crux of the deal now included uncertainties in the conversion of these gas-fired power plants to hydrogen power plants.
Germany announced its power plant strategy in February this year.
Germany's three-party coalition cabinet finally reached a consensus on the establishment of a new power plant, planning a clean power generation target of 10GW.
In addition to continuing to expand the renewable energy and power grid, the strategy emphasizes that the decarbonization of the power system and the security of supply still rely on modern, flexible and climate-friendly power plants.
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Additionally, Germany plans to build several LNG import terminals by 2026 to increase its energy security.

The country's energy crisis has also been caused by its heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels, mainly from Russia.

Title:

Content: Alert
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How did the German model achieve an unbearable energy transition war across the sea?
【 By Fu Guanqi 】
Environmental awareness, green energy production has always been regarded as the world's superior Germany, but because of a Ukrainian-Russian war, let the bright achievements behind the unfinished business, exposed to the world.
Is this general review of energy security, ignited by war, a crisis or a turning point for Germany, which rose from the ashes of World War II? Can Germany break through the status quo and turn into a new model for a sustainable economy in the future?
Or is it a death on the road to transformation? How can Taiwan find its future direction from this “energy transition war ”?
Just after Christmas, for many Dodd families, the most wanted Christmas gift may be a heat pump to make the whole family better through the winter.
Unlike the tens of millions of domestic heating systems in Germany that still use natural gas or oil as fuel, heat pumps are powered by electricity, which can be seen as "reverse air conditioning", which has a higher thermal conversion efficiency and symbolizes energy access at a lower price.
The energy crisis caused by the Russo-Ukrainian War has become a watershed in the price of energy in Germany.
The past dependence on Russia to import a large amount of cheap energy can not be returned, and the international carbon pricing mechanism is increasingly complete, which has led Germany to realize that only green energy is the way to reduce energy prices again.
The "Vision" team traveled to Germany, in-depth interviews and observed that the consensus that permeates German society today is: "There is not much time for the energy transition, and we must accelerate progress."
German Green Party MP Till Steffen, who visited Taiwan in 2022, told Visionary that "this' energy crisis' has accelerated the 'energy transition' and become a priority for the government."
German Economy Accelerates Greening, Renewable Energy Becomes National Security Foundation
This is not just a matter of paper. At the end of 2022, Germany inaugurated the country ’ s first liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal.
Germany decided last spring to build it, and it could be completed in a few months. “This is super fast for Germany, ” Steffen said.“ We need to scale up renewable energy at the same rate. ”
If you make decisions at the slow pace of your past habits, you won ’ t be able to achieve the goals you set. ”
In the past, far less ambitious than the Green Party ’ s liberal finance minister, Christian Lindner, has also designated renewable energy as “free energy ”, emphasizing its function to enhance Germany ’ s energy security and economic independence.
In this context, the two pillars of the energy transition, "switching to renewable energy" and "improving energy efficiency", have also become the top priorities of enterprises in the country.
Even the German machine tool manufacturer MAG, a pioneer of Industry 4.0, has re-examined energy conservation and is preparing to install solar panels on its plant.
“Many investment plans are being reevaluated because of higher energy prices, ” explains Sebastian Schoning, MAG ’ s head of Europe & Americas.“ Many investments that were previously unprofitable are now justified. ”
Solar panels that can be used for their own use and can be sold for electricity have been greatly shortened, and with tax incentives, large and small businesses and families have been selling out; installation technicians are so hot that waiting in line has become a new normal in the last few months.
Yen Chien-ho, general manager of the German branch of FSP, which has been operating solar energy storage business for more than six years from Taiwan, revealed that the green energy product line is already the main revenue of the company, and it is estimated that by 2023, solar related products can grow by 50%.
Quanhan also saw the business opportunities of green energy vehicles in Europe and decided to set up a new R & D center in Germany to attack customized charging devices.
Another Taiwanese company that has been working in Germany for ten years, Servo Press Co., Ltd. is also favored by European customers due to the fact that the product consumes about 50% less power than traditional presses, and is expected to double its business performance in 2023.
Germany has been driving the energy transition for decades. The driving force of this energy crisis is mainly reflected in the change of mentality and the re-calculation of business interests.
First, in terms of mentality, Germany used to import about 60% of its energy, and is more heavily dependent on cheap fossil fuels from Russia.
However, when energy is no longer so readily available, it has also greatly changed the German society's view of energy: in the past, everyone saw renewable energy as a threat to the stability of electricity supply, and now it is an important basis for protecting national security.
Second, in the eyes of enterprises, green energy has become the only energy source that can maintain long-term competitiveness.
"We all know that there is no future for fossil fuels," said Markus Rosenthal, director of government relations at the German Association for Energy Storage Systems. He cited the withdrawal of Allianz, Germany 's largest insurance company, and the active investment of major banks in decarbonization technology as examples. The effect of greening the German economy is greater than anyone else. "
Many may have heard of Germany ’ s Energiewende vision after the Fukushima disaster.
But such a concept has taken root in Germany ’ s anti-nuclear movement since the 1970s.
Since then, the Green Party movement has developed with the greatest political influence in the world.
GREEN ENERGY GREEN ENERGY CHALLENGE 1: Lack of work, insufficient capacity of Northern Power South
The Renewable Energy Act (EEG), which came into force in 2000, made Germany the first major economy to promote renewable energy.
Over the next 20 years, the proportion of renewable energy supply has grown significantly from 6% to 46%, and this remarkable achievement has become an international model case for promoting energy transformation.
However, the model of the period of peace seems to be unable to withstand the test of war, and Germany still fell into the dilemma of energy crisis in the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Russia ’ s invasion of Ukraine and the weaponization of energy are certainly uncontrollable factors.
But the German society's caution against nuclear energy has also made Germany more dependent on relatively clean natural gas during the period of phasing out coal.
“We are over-reliant on fossil fuels and the development of renewable energy over the past few years has been too slow, ” said Malte Kuper, energy and climate policy researcher at the German Institute for Economic Research (IW).“ We must accelerate the correction of the structural errors of energy policy over the past decade. ”
Wilhelm Kiewitt, Director of Energy Economics at 50Hertz, a German power grid company, said: “We are vigorously promoting the construction of renewable energy, but we have not updated the grid infrastructure and have not ensured that the design of the electricity market is compatible.
As a result, the energy transition is not doing well. ”
Wind power located on the northern coast of Germany has so far been difficult to reach the industrial heartland of the south because the government has spent too much time coordinating with the residents of the south to accept high-voltage cables cutting through their beautiful landscapes.
The lack of capacity of Northern Power South has become a key missing piece in the German energy puzzle.
In addition, the political lobbying power of fossil fuel companies and strict regulations on onshore wind power have also slowed down the pace of transformation in Germany.
A few months ago, there was a demolition of nearby windmills to expand coal mines in North Wales. Although the efficiency of these windmills was low and they were expected to be rebuilt and upgraded, environmentalists criticized this as a retrograde policy in the midst of the energy crisis.
But the lack of urgency may be the key factor in Germany ’ s gradual deviation from its goal.
According to the German government ’ s 2021 forecast, all sectors, from energy, industry and agriculture, will not be able to meet the 2030 climate goals on the basis of current carbon reduction actions.
In terms of new technology, even if Germany began hydrogen energy research more than 30 years ago, it has not been able to enter the expansion.
Thomas Hilig, founder of THEnergy in Germany and a hydrogen energy consultant, pointed out that “we have studied hydrogen energy thoroughly and want to know everything. ”
But it may be possible to start expanding sooner.
Indeed, now is the time to launch the app. ”
The impact of high energy prices and increasingly extreme weather have become a reality in Germany, forcing the country, accustomed to sound and prudent action, to admit its mistakes and shortcomings and accelerate the progress of the energy transition.
The question is, is it in time?
Opening a recent German newspaper will find that a crisis is not necessarily a turning point.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which account for 99% of the total number of German enterprises, are struggling, and many companies may not be able to survive.
A survey of companies released by the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DIHK) in the summer of 2022 shows that due to high energy prices, 1 / 4 of enterprises have completed the deployment of production reduction, 1 / 4 have reduced the scale of operations, and the remaining half have not yet begun to act, and are still thinking about the corresponding steps.
At present, the German government has finalized a nearly 100 billion euro energy bill subsidy plan, but Asha Maria Sharma, deputy director of digital services at the Foreign Trade and Investment Agency, believes that financial subsidies are only part of the solution, companies must think about how to use AI, data analysis and other technologies to save energy, in order to remain competitive in the future when energy prices are higher.
However, the resources and financial power of SMEs are not as good as those of multinational enterprises, and it is not easy to face inflation, interest rate hikes, the impact on the dollar exchange rate and energy prices, and to devote more efforts to long-term investment layout.
For example, when the Covid-19 pandemic spread, Alexander Krug, the public relations manager in charge of the Berlin Digital Center for SMEs, observed that about a third of SMEs were suspending or even cancelling strategic digital investments that would bear fruit in the medium to long term.
Moreover, in the global semiconductor shortage, many small and medium-sized enterprises are competing for similar chips with the government-supported renewable energy industry, as well as Germany ’ s powerful automotive industry.
In terms of money and resources, it is difficult to win.
Cooper said that in the long term, the energy crisis can be an accelerator of the energy transition.
But for an industrial powerhouse like Germany, which has a high proportion of energy-intensive industries, there is also a risk that “industry may decline before the green energy transition is complete. ”
Many homes waiting for solar panel technicians to install their doors also reveal another risk: lack of work.
“If you ask a business, what ’ s the biggest question about operations? Almost every time the answer is, ‘ We need people. ’ ”
Especially in the areas of green energy and digital technology, which are crucial to driving transformation, there is a particular lack of technical talent.
Many countries in Europe have a shortage of jobs.
However, in the manufacturing sector, more than 40% of enterprises in Germany are understaffed.
In comparison, France is less than 25%, and Italy and Spain are less than 10%.
Even the director of the German public broadcaster said recently: "We have to recruit people from all over the world... even the German level of the candidates is not so important."
As long as I work hard, I don ’ t worry too much that they can only speak a few words of German. ”
GREEN ENERGY GREEN ENERGY CHALLENGE 2: Higher energy costs, the United States proposed a bill to reduce inflation and siphon off international investment
The evolution of the international situation has also made the adverse situation worse.
The European war is still raging, the epidemic is still hazy, and the tensions between the United States and China have caused Germany, formerly the beneficiary of free trade and international supply chains, to reverse the situation and increase the pressure.
In particular, in August 2022, the United States passed the $369 billion Inflation Reduction Act, proposing a simpler and more attractive subsidy specification than the European Union, which is likely to siphon off more international investment at a time when Germany urgently needs to accelerate the expansion of renewable energy.
Some scholars wonder whether Germany will be able to complete the energy transition that it failed to achieve during a period of relative stability in the face of many challenges.
Only recently did Germany significantly expand public spending to help society weather the epidemic. To date, it has allocated more than 260 billion euros in response to the energy crisis.
This is almost 7% of national GDP, well above the EU average of 83 billion euros.
Meanwhile, Germany is still trying to boost its defense budget to 2% of GDP.
Even if the money is relatively abundant, it is also pressure.
Reinhard Biedermann, a professor in the Department of Global Political Economy at Tamkang University, pointed out that to develop enough renewable energy to replace traditional energy sources requires a lot of investment, manpower and even land, which Germany cannot do at the same time.
“The energy crisis is really an opportunity to expand renewable energy.
But turning the crisis into a turning point is not so simple.
Germany depends not only on imports of fossil fuels, but also on imports of renewable energy.
After the decline of the German solar industry, about 95% of the domestic solar cells are manufactured in China.
Nordex shut down Germany ’ s last wind turbine turnstile plant in June 2022, taking into account costs, causing observers to worry that the wind energy industry may be heading toward a fate similar to that of the solar industry.
Steffen said that due to competition from China, the German solar industry has lost a lot of intellectual and political power, and now is the time to reinvigorate the domestic solar value chain.
“We still have capacity in wind energy, but we can ’ t find a market in our country because Chinese products are cheaper, ” Steffen said.
In some ways, the energy crisis is just beginning.
As the Visionary team rode a high-speed rail at a speed of nearly 300 kilometers across the edge of Germany ’ s beloved forest, they were greeted by rotating fans, solar panels laid on the roof of the building, and high-voltage power towers that transmit electricity over a long distance.
This has gradually become a familiar daily scene in German society.
At this point, it may be seen as an important milestone in the final completion of Germany ’ s energy transition, but it may also be the starting point for the decline of German industry.
Looking back at the challenges of the pandemic, companies in Dodd all agree that agility, flexibility and flexibility are essential skills to survive in the current changing environment.
In particular, German industry contributes more than a quarter of the country ’ s GDP, which is higher than developed countries such as France, the United Kingdom and the United States.
But strengthening the high-priced “Made in Germany ” brand with performance, quality and stability is threatened by higher energy costs.
Steffen acknowledged that many Dodd companies use cheap Russian energy to produce and then sell their products at high prices to the U.S. and mid-market.
This is similar to the common pattern in Taiwan.
Taiwan 's green energy students > risk assessment first, transformation needs to think about the overall order
Sucheta Govil, chief commercial officer of Covestro, observed that energy is already a global issue and resource constraints are becoming the foreseeable future. “Even if you are in Asia, energy prices are still cheap, but price increases are reflected in the supply chain. ”
This advantage is diluted by rising raw material costs, even if Germany considers itself to be of excellent mechanical engineering quality. ”
Even if Germany has only recently begun to cope with the energy crisis, the effectiveness of the policy measures will have to wait for time to prove, and there are still lessons for Taiwan.
First, understand your energy security and independence and conduct a risk assessment.
Leonard believes that encouraging energy conservation by raising energy prices and using this income to invest more in renewable energy is worth considering.
“Explaining to people the higher energy costs they pay will help develop renewable energy and improve energy security. ”
Second, think about the sequence of measures for the energy transition as a whole, and put limited resources in the right place at the right time.
Hans-Joachim Ziesing, a former energy transition consultant for Germany ’ s Future Energy Plan, shared that one of Germany ’ s mistakes was to set a good goal and vision before developing policies to be achieved.
A better approach might be to take a practical approach, clarify the quantitative benefits that each policy can bring, and determine that cross-party consensus can be reached to move forward together.
It is also important to continuously monitor the performance of data and to be accountable to all departments.
Hiliger observed that Germany ’ s national hydrogen energy strategy in 2020 shows that officials have learned from the siting of renewable energy and energy transportation.
“Many projects take production and consumption into account as a whole, for example, by making good use of existing construction, refurbishing natural gas pipelines to become hydrogen pipelines, rather than placing electrolytic tanks next to wind power plants. ”
Preparing businesses and citizens to move away from fossil fuels
Finally, it is the continuation of the momentum of social change.
In the past, Germany saw natural gas as a “bridging energy ” to connect fossil fuels with renewable energy; now, losing its main source of natural gas imports, it has had to restart coal plants and lease liquid-gas receiving stations.
After doing so, it may be harder to get rid of them in the future.
Ideally, when the hydrogen energy market matures, Germany can renovate this batch of liquid natural gas receiving stations into hydrogen energy receiving stations.
But the two are different energy sources after all, and the renovation will be another expense.
Whether it can be developed according to the plan is still uncertain.
After the government finalizes the energy subsidy policy, from the beginning of 2023 to April 2024, 80% of the bill will be protected by the price cap, and users will only pay 20% of the current price.
This will change people ’ s interest.
How to make good use of the incentive mechanism to encourage society to continue to promote energy conservation and transformation at the household, business and infrastructure levels is also a big test.
Although Taiwan, which has a higher industrial share than Germany, has yet to personally feel the waves of the European energy crisis, it will be crucial to be as prepared and adapted as possible to the future of higher fossil fuel prices before the price protection umbrella for long-term contracts ends.
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High energy prices and international competition threaten Germany's industrial sector, which may lead to companies scaling back or closing production sites.

Title:

Content: Sunday 26 November 1443 AH - 26 June 2022 |
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Grim scenarios.
Putin pushes German economy to the brink of collapse
German authorities have taken emergency measures, including increasing the use of coal to secure its energy needs amid declining volumes from Russia.
For some time now, German authorities have been concerned about the cessation of industrial furnaces due to the scarcity of energy resources following the Russian war on Ukraine.
For decades, these furnaces have been operating without interruption, “but if they suddenly cool, the molten material will harden and break the entire system, a concern that engulfs Europe ’ s largest economy. ”
After President Vladimir Putin cut energy flows to Europe by 60%, German experts and the administration of Chancellor Olaf Schulz this week looked as if they were waiting for bleak scenarios for the coming winter.
Klaus Müller, who heads the German federal network BNetzA, said Friday in an interview with Deutschland Funk radio: “If we had a very cold winter, it wouldn ’ t be pretty. ”
Ovens need 75% of their natural gas consumption to prevent the molten glass inside from overrunning and destroying the furnace.
For decades, Germany has thrived on cheap gas prices, and the response to the economy ’ s growing needs has often been the construction of a new pipeline to Russia.
But this era is now, and German companies are beginning to face a new and unusual reality.
Quick Solutions
There will be quick fixes, such as reviving polluting coal plants and converting fuel into industrial processes, despite their risks, because the transition to affordable renewable energy will take years.
Companies that manufacture metal, paper and even food may be forced to scale back or close German production sites, accelerating the ongoing mass migration of manufacturing jobs and leaving lasting damage to the country ’ s economic landscape.
Wolfgang Han, managing director of Energy Consulting Group GmbH, said: “Companies will move production to where there is a competitive line, and this will not be in Germany. ”
“You can ’ t correct 20 years of policy mistakes in two or three years. ”
The latest figures show it will take 115 days to reach the government ’ s target of filling gas reserves to 90% by November.
This timeframe assumes that flows remain at the current level, which is unlikely given the Kremlin ’ s increasingly aggressive stance toward Europe in response to sanctions imposed by Russia ’ s war in Ukraine.
The energy crisis
Gas storage levels in Germany are still below 60% of its capacity.
In response to the bleak outlook, Germany, which still depends on Russia for more than a third of its gas supplies, raised its threat level to the second-highest “alarm ” stage on Thursday.
If the pressure intensifies, Germany could start rationing supplies, the Bloomberg report confirms.
The moment of truth is likely to come next month when Nord Stream pipeline pumping for scheduled maintenance drops, as Germany fears pumping will never return.
German Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck said Thursday in an interview with public broadcaster ZDF in particular: “I ’ ll have to lie if I say I ’ m not afraid of it. ”
If energy suppliers continue to pile up losses by forcing them to cover lost Russian supplies at high prices, there is a risk of a wider collapse.
Uniper SE, Germany ’ s largest importer of Russian gas, has warned it could struggle to meet supply contracts to domestic utilities and manufacturers if Moscow lengthens or increases gas cuts.
The crisis has already spread far beyond Germany, where 12 EU member states have been affected and 10 countries have issued an early warning under the gas security regulation.
Rising European demand for LNG will also affect poorer countries around the world as they struggle to compete for shipments.
Estonian President Kaja Kalas, speaking at an EU summit in Brussels on Friday, said “we are concerned ” that Russia will cut off gas supplies to Europe.
“We need to be ready for an energy mix.
Different, unified LNG purchases and doing these things together. ”
Scope of risk
German economic institutes warned in April that an immediate halt to Russian imports of oil and natural gas would result in production being hit by 220 billion euros over the next two years.
Stefan Kothes, an economist at the Kiel Institute for World Economics, said that while it may be more moderate now with high storage levels, predicting the outcome of an unprecedented situation is difficult.
The Bundesbank estimates that the national economy will contract by more than 3% in 2023 if Russian energy supplies stop.
This would be the worst recession outside the recessions triggered by the coronavirus pandemic and the global financial crisis.

The German government has allocated over 260 billion euros to respond to the energy crisis and is pushing for a faster transition to renewable energy.

Despite these efforts, the country's economic model is based on unrealistic assumptions about world politics, and its energy policy is a chaotic mess due to its reliance on Russian energy.

Title:

Content: End of the German Idyll

Its industrial prowess, cheap Russian energy, and access to global markets are at risk.

Germany looked normal over the weekend as a genial Chancellor Olaf Scholz welcomed the Group of Seven leaders and their guests to the luxurious Schloss Elmau in the Bavarian Alps. But those appearances are deceiving. Germany is facing its gravest challenges since the foundation of the Federal Republic following World War II.

This is very sudden. As recently as 2020, almost the entire world agreed with the smug German self-assessment that Germany had the world’s most successful economic model, was embarking on the most ambitious—and largely successful—climate initiative in the world, and had perfected a values-based foreign policy that ensured German security and international popularity at extremely low cost.

None of this was true. The German economic model was based on unrealistic assumptions about world politics and is unlikely to survive the current turmoil. German energy policy is a chaotic mess, a shining example to the rest of the world of what not to do. Germany’s reputation for a values-based foreign policy has been severely dented by Berlin’s waffling over aid to Ukraine. And German security experts are coming to terms with a deeply unwelcome truth: Confronted with an aggressive Russia, Germany, like Europe generally, is utterly reliant on the U.S. for its security. At a time when American foreign policy increasingly prioritizes Asia and isolationist sentiment among both Republicans and Democrats appears to be rising, if Donald Trump returns to the White House in 2025, German security will depend on his goodwill.

Mr. Scholz and his coalition government have responded to Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Russia with a series of, by German standards, revolutionary changes. Germany is beginning to rearm. It is, with some false starts, sending weapons to Ukraine. It has taken the first steps toward energy independence from Russia, even at the cost of its ambitious climate agenda. Coal plants will lumber back to life, new gas-processing plants will be built, and Germany is asking Europe to delay decarbonization mandates that no longer seem realistic.

But the real work remains to be done. Modern Germany was above all an economic project. The collapse of the Third Reich left Germany morally devastated, physically wrecked and economically bankrupt. From the moment of its foundation in 1949, the country’s central goal was economic growth. That growth could repair the destruction of the war, promote Germany’s peaceful integration into Western Europe, blunt the appeal of communism, and build a national identity independent of the malignant fantasies of the Hitler era and the bombast of Wilhelm II. The hard work of the German people, the pragmatic policies of the political class, the skills and determination of German management, and the favorable international climate resulting from the development of the American-led world order took Germany to economic heights.

In recent years, the German economic miracle depended on a combination of industrial prowess, cheap energy from Russia, and access to global markets, particularly in China. Today every one of those pillars is under threat. German mastery of automobile technology through a century of engineering is challenged by the shift to electric vehicles. The chemicals industry, in which German technology has led the world since the 19th century, is coming under environmental challenges as global competition intensifies.

Those challenges are exacerbated by the loss of cheap and secure Russian natural gas. Green energy, despite massive German investment, will be unable to supply German industry with reliable and cheap power for a long time. In the meantime, the alternatives to Russian pipeline gas are expensive and controversial. Nuclear power gives Greens the willies; coal is unbearable; liquefied natural gas requires long-term commitments and massive capital expenditures.

Beyond that, Germany’s economic relationship with China is changing for the worse. China was long the ideal customer for German products. Its newly affluent middle class fell in love with German luxury cars. Its rapidly growing manufacturing sector voraciously consumed German machine tools and other capital goods. But China’s growth is decelerating. Its maturing industrial economy seeks to compete with high-end German producers, often based on tools reverse-engineered from German imports.

Those in the Biden administration who dream that Germany will wholeheartedly join a new global American crusade for values should keep their enthusiasm in check. Mr. Scholz may agree in the abstract with President Biden about the importance of liberal values and the danger of climate change, but his calculations must reflect the economic facts of German life. This naturally leads to thoughts about how to patch things up with Russia and China.

Mr. Biden’s job is not to sing hymns about Western values with Mr. Scholz; it is to make Berlin understand that U.S. security guarantees come at a price. Given the realities of American politics, Germany cannot count on continued American support unless it does more to back the U.S. at a time of grave and growing danger world-wide.

Copyright ©2022 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

Appeared in the June 28, 2022, print edition.

The US Inflation Reduction Act may also siphon off international investment in renewable energy, posing a challenge to Germany's energy transition.

Germany's energy transition requires significant investment, manpower, and land, making it a complex and challenging task to complete.

The government's plans to prepare realistic forecasts for energy needs and ensure a coordinated effort are essential to addressing these challenges and ensuring a stable and reliable energy supply.

Title:

Content: Global Economic News
Candidate to succeed Merkel: Germany is a candidate to stand on the cusp of a new industrial revolution
German companies are struggling to find qualified workers as many sectors reopen.
Olaf Schulz, the candidate of the Social Democratic Party for the chancellorship in Germany, stressed that his country is a candidate to stand on the cusp of a new industrial revolution, demanding more realism in the transition to renewable energy sources.
Schulz, now deputy chancellor Angela Merkel, said at the start of the election battle in the German city of Bochum on Monday that if he wins, he plans to prepare in the first year of his term as chancellor "realistic forecasts" for future energy needs.
The German finance minister said that in order to achieve the transition to renewable energy sources, many laws must be changed, and this can be done but should not be underestimated, and this can only be done if everyone holds the same rope.
According to Schulz, this requires the issue to become the first priority task in economic policy.
In 2050, the chemical industry alone will need as much energy as the whole of Germany, he said, in order to manage carbon neutrality economically.
Referring to Merkel's Christian Democratic Party (CDU) and the Bavarian Christian Social Party (CSB), Schulz said: "And then there are people who say we shouldn't do anything, which is painful and irresponsible for the future of our country."
He warned that the mistake, which will be made in the next German government, could not be corrected in four or eight years.
Schulz also called for more social housing, stressing the need to build 400,000 new homes each year, of which about 100,000 are subsidized by the state.
He added: “This is not magic, we should not stand idly by. ”
Some 300,000 apartments are currently being built annually in Germany, but the efforts made so far are not enough because many people can no longer afford housing.
“This is part of having a good life, where you can buy a regular apartment, ” Schulz said, adding that subsidized housing is a future task for Germany.
Fifty-seven percent of Germany's population (about 47.4 million people) have so far received a full two-dose vaccine against the coronavirus epidemic, according to data from the Robert Koch Institute for Disease Control.
According to the data, 63.1% of the population in Germany received at least the first dose of the anti-coronavirus vaccine (equivalent to 52.5 million people).
The German Ifo economic institute announced an increase in the shortage of specialized workers in Germany, especially in sectors affected by the forced closure in light of the outbreak of the new coronavirus crisis.
The Ifo Institute ’ s quarterly business survey, released on Monday, found that more than a third of German companies, about 34.6 percent, complained of a shortage of specialized workers in July.
This is the highest percentage monitored in this survey since the spring of 2018, according to the "German", and Klaus Volrabe, an economist at the Institute, said yesterday, "There are companies currently facing difficulties in the search for qualified workers in light of the return of the economy after the easing of the restrictions of the Corona and the reopening of many sectors."
According to the survey, the shortage of specialized workers has increased in sectors that were severely affected by the closure during the coronavirus crisis, such as retail and hotel sectors.
The number of businesses with a shortage of qualified labor in retail doubled in three months, increasing from almost 16 percent to 30 percent, the survey said.
In addition, a recent study showed that the crisis of the new coronavirus outbreak may cause further increases in real estate taxes in German localities.
An economic survey showed that investor sentiment in Germany deteriorated for the third month in a row in August on fears that the recovery in Europe ’ s largest economy could be hampered by an increase in COVID-19 infections and a fourth wave of coronavirus infections.
The Economic Research Institute ZEW said its investor sentiment index fell to 40.4 from 63.3 a month earlier.
The survey had predicted a decline to 56.7 points.
ZEW President Achim Wambach said in a statement: “This indicates growing risks to the German economy, such as risks from a possible fourth wave of COVID-19 starting in the autumn or a slowdown in growth in China. ”
A separate measure of current conditions rose to 29.3 from 21.9 in July.
This compares with an average forecast of 30 points.
Sebastian Delin, president of the Micro Economic Policy Institute, said German startup BioTech ’ s development and local production of the covid-19 vaccine could boost economic growth in Europe ’ s largest economy by as much as 0.5 percentage points this year.
The German economy is expected to grow about 4 percent this year, after a 4.6 percent decline last year due to the pandemic.
According to Dylan, the development of a coronavirus vaccine based on MRNA technology could account for about one-eighth of overall GDP growth in 2021.
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More Economic News - Global

The chemical industry will need significant energy by 2050, and the government must consider this factor in its energy policy.

Overall, Germany's transition to renewable energy sources is a complex and challenging process that requires careful planning, significant investment, and a coordinated effort to ensure a stable and reliable energy supply.

Germany is using PEM electrolyzer technology to generate green hydrogen as part of its transition away from nuclear power and towards renewable energy sources.

Title:

Content: The current vision is a combined cycle hydrogen power plant that would utilise renewable energy or spare capacity to generate green hydrogen using PEM electrolyzer technology

(Credit:Siemens Energy)

As ever more significant volumes of renewable power enter the power grid, it is obviously a great benefit for the drive to a low carbon future. This growth of renewable energy puts a significant financial strain on the traditional operation of natural gas-fired power plants. These power plants are crucial to the security of electricity supply and grid stability, producing electricity when the sun is not shining, or the wind is not blowing and topping up the grid during periods of peak demand.

One solution to enable these power plants to continue to operate efficiently is to reduce their carbon footprint by burning a blend of green hydrogen and natural gas while coupling them with an electrolyzer to produce the green hydrogen when there is renewable power to spare. The benefits of this mode of operation is that it ensures that the power plant is flexible and future proof. As the renewable input grows and continues to diminish the role of traditional power plants, it can transition over to produce hydrogen and increase the percentage in the fuel it burns until it reaches 100 percent. This fuel flexibility enables efficient optimisation and operation of the plant.

Therefore, such a combined-cycle gas power plant coupled with a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and hydrogen storage is an integral step on the path for the full-scale commercialisation of the hydrogen value chain. The current vision is a combined cycle hydrogen power plant that would utilise renewable energy or spare capacity to generate green hydrogen using PEM electrolyzer technology.

Pathway to a hydrogen future

It is also possible to upgrade existing units to operate on a hydrogen co-firing mix by the following steps: First, the combustion system of the gas turbine needs to be upgraded for a higher percentage of hydrogen burn before incorporating a natural gas and hydrogen fuel blending station and ensuring all other relevant systems of the plant are hydrogen capable as well. Next, to produce the hydrogen on-site, a Silyzer 300 modular PEM electrolyzer can be added along with a hydrogen pipeline or storage solution.

The Silyzer 300 is a powerful electrolyzer in the double-digit megawatt range by Siemens Energy. Its modular design enables economies of scale effects to minimise investment costs for large-scale industrial electrolysis plants. The optimised solution results in low hydrogen production costs due to high plant efficiency and availability.

Part of the future development is to increase efficiency, reduce costs and scale up the electrolyzer portfolio. In June 2020, Germany became one of the first countries to publish a national hydrogen strategy (Nationale Wasserstoffstrategie). The strategy states that hydrogen is another critical technology for reducing overall emissions. The plan, as the project title suggests, is to field electrolyzer capacity in the gigawatt (GW) range. At present, the Silyzer 300 is a 17.5MW electrolyzer. The Silyzer is fully modular so the output can easily be increased by combining additional electrolyzers.

Aside from the use of hydrogen there are other steps that can be taken to improve the system’s overall efficiency. The plant performance is optimized with the Siemens Energy Omnivise intelligent control system. Finally, an optional heat recovery system with heat pumps and thermal storage can utilise the waste heat and increase the overall plant efficiency.

As a combined cycle plant, it already utilises the waste heat from the gas turbine, but additional efficiencies can be gained by also using the waste heat produced by the electrolyzers. Using a high-temperature heat pump the waste heat can be fed into district heating systems which only require input heat in the range of 150C.

Making sound economic sense

The system that we have based our example on uses a Siemens Energy SGT5-9000HL gas turbine that can already burn a fuel mix containing up to 50 percent hydrogen. This turbine can be paired with 9 x Silyzer 300 electrolyzers and large scale H2 storage.

For our calculations we have taken what we consider a typical day with optimum weather. Over the 24-hour period the electricity price varies dramatically based on demand and the availability of renewable energy. In the hours from midnight, the electricity price is €70/MWh, it then peaks at around €100/MWh in the morning and evening high -demand periods, dropping as low as €50/MWh at noon. In the future, as the volumes of solar power increase, the variation over the 24-hour period would be even more dramatic. With optimum weather conditions and the sun shining brightly, the price does not climb above €10/MWh between 9 am and 5 pm, and even dips into negative figures for five hours during the day, reaching a low of -€40 in the early afternoon. During these nine hours, the average electricity price is -6.8 euros/MWh.

Not an ideal scenario for a power plant operator. However, if that power plant was coupled with electrolyzers to produce hydrogen, the picture is far more advantageous. During the nine hours of low prices, the power plant could be shut down and power from the grid could be diverted to the electrolyzers to produce green hydrogen, which could be stored and used for co-firing in the gas turbines later saving on fuel, increasing grid earnings through the provision of primary frequency control by both the power plant and the electrolyzer, and reducing CO2 emissions.

This changes the revenue outlook dramatically. Under the assumption that the natural gas price is €8/MMBTU, and the current rate of CO2 tax is €55 over the day, there is a total daily savings of €45,401. This comprises €23,431 saving on fuel, an extra €11,425 in grid earnings and a reduction of CO2 tax of €10,545. Aside from the financial benefit, there is also improved environmental performance with a reduction in CO2 emissions of over 190 tons a day.

There are other options for using this spare energy, the most feasible being electricity storage of which there are various options including batteries, flywheels, and supercapacitors. While the storage of excess energy in a battery storage solution would be a more efficient and cost saving alternative the size of battery storage required to handle the amount of energy over the day, weeks and months when the energy price is attractive would not be practical. Batteries are an ideal option to top up the grid at times of peak power, but it is not feasible for providing GW-sized electricity to the grid for six or more hours per day. When handling electricity storage at that volume the most realistic option is chemical storage utilising hydrogen.

This solution is not only relevant for large-scale power plants as it was presented for the SGT-9000HL turbine. The optimised standard integration of hydrogen production, storage, re-electrification, and heat recovery can be adapted to power plants of all sizes. A system using the SGT-400 gas turbine can cater for outputs as low as 10 MW. Particularly in Europe, which has smaller district heating systems, this size can still be effective. It also complements the growing trend toward smaller, decentralised power generation.

The country has published a national hydrogen strategy, which aims for electrolyzer capacity in the gigawatt range, and companies like Siemens Energy are developing modular PEM electrolyzers like the Silyzer 300.

Germany is also employing the DA/RE technology platform to manage grid stability, which has been tested by TransnetBW and Netze BW for congestion management.

Title:

Content: All information on the site is intended only for specialists in the cable industry, energy and electrical engineering.
+
German TransnetBW and Netze BW successfully tested DA / RE technology platform for network congestion management
27 November 2023, 13: 45 405 Reading time ≈ 3 min
Source: JSC SO UES
German TransnetBW and Netze BW in the framework of the introduction of new rules for managing congestion in the power system - Redispatch 2.0 - tested the operation of the technological platform "DAtenaustausch / REdispatch" (DA / RE), designed to balance the power system carried out by CO.
Redispatch 2.0 provides that all generating facilities and energy storage facilities with a capacity of more than 100 kW, including RES power plants and CHP plants, participate in the planned redistribution of the generation load.
Unlike previous measures to eliminate network congestion, Redispatch 2.0 involves balance and financial optimization of generation load redistribution in order to eliminate energy congestion.
In order to meet the requirements of Redispatch 2.0, network operators must perform a variety of coordinated tasks and perform the necessary data exchange in order to eliminate network congestion.
The purpose of using the DA / RE technology platform is to ensure the stability of the power system even with a large number of decentralized generation facilities.
The DA / RE platform provides vertical coordination and data exchange between network operators and operators of generating facilities, selects the most efficient power plants to eliminate the bottlenecks predicted by network operators, and provides effective coordinated activation of measures for the redistribution of generation load capacity.
The electricity generated by the power plants involved in the process of eliminating network congestion is purchased and sold by TransnetBW.
The tests conducted by TransnetBW and Netze BW simulated the shutdowns of several RES generation facilities located in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, and monitored the operation of the DA / RE platform at various stages - from the moment of detection of network overload to the process of searching, selecting and redistributing the generation load capacity involved in restoring the energy balance.
Tests of the DA / RE platform, which were successful, showed that the digital technology platform, which is used by 46 network operators in Germany, provides full coordination of activities for the redistribution of generation load capacity in order to increase the stability of the power system at all levels of the electrical network.
The shortcomings identified by the results of the tests that need to be addressed in the future include the quality of measurements and load management at individual power plants.
It is assumed that in the medium term, network operators will be able to use the appropriate tools of the system operator in the framework of Redispatch 2.0 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
TransnetBW official website
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The DA/RE platform provides vertical coordination and data exchange, and has been shown to increase power system stability in tests.

In addition to these technologies, Germany is using smart grid technology to manage grid stability, with companies like Kries Energietechnik GmbH & Co.KG offering smart grid systems.

Title:

Content: Smart Grid Technology Global Market Report 2023

Major players in the smart grid technology market are ABB Limited, Siemens AG, Schneider Electric SE, Itron Inc., Cisco Systems Inc., International Business Machines Corporation, Oracle Corporation, Honeywell International Inc.

Lyon, FRANCE

New York, June 12, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Smart Grid Technology Global Market Report 2023" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p06466668/?utm_source=GNW
, Eaton Corporation plc, Tech Mahindra Limited, Wipro Limited, Trilliant Holdings Inc., Globema, Kamstrup, Enel X S.r.l., C3.Ai Inc., General Electric Company, Tantalus Systems Holding Inc., Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, SAP SE, Xylem Inc., e-Smart Systems Ltd., Esyasoft Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Grid4C Ltd., Networked Energy Services (NES) Corporation, Landis+Gyr, Aclara Power-Line Systems Inc., OSI Systems Inc. and Intuitive Surgical Inc.

The global smart grid technology market is expected to grow from $39.38 billion in 2022 to $46.65 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.46%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The smart grid technology market is expected to reach $91.96 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 18.49%.

The smart grid technology market includes revenues earned by entities by providing services such as more dependable power, producing renewable energy with greater efficiency, utilizing a variety of energy sources, lowering carbon footprint, laying the groundwork for electric vehicles, and producing intelligent job possibilities.The smart grid technology market consists of sales of electric power generators, smart meters (SMs), Collector nodes, Controllers, cables, circuit breakers, and power substations, which are used in providing smart grid technology services.

Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

Smart grid technology refers to an electrical network that manages and monitors the conveyance of power from all generation sources to satisfy the various electricity needs of end customers. This network uses digital and other sophisticated technology.

North America was the largest region in the smart grid technology market in 2022.Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in this report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa.

The main components of smart grid technology are hardware, software, and services.Hardware is the collective term for the internal and external hardware that enables carrying out key operations, including input, output, storage, communication, processing, and more, these upgrades are required if the globe is to utilize the grid’s power more effectively.

By using outage management systems, demand management systems, geographical management systems network operations, and wired and wired-less technologies it is used for electricity generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption applications by residential, commercial, and industrial, government end-users.

The increasing demand for electricity generation is expected to propel the growth of the smart grid technology market going forward.Electricity refers to a type of energy that can be produced in various ways and powers machinery responsible for producing heat, light, and other effects.

The smart grid provides households and businesses around the country with electricity from power plants.It can operate in the modern world thanks to its extensive network of electricity generation, transmission, and delivery.

For instance, in October 2022, a report released by ExxonMobil Corporation, a US-based natural gas company, global electricity demand is increasing at a rate of 1.8% annually, reaching nearly 50% of this sector by 2050. Therefore, the increasing demand for electricity generation is driving the growth of the smart grid technology market.

Technological advancements are a key trend gaining popularity in the smart grid technology market.Companies operating in the smart grid technology market are adopting new technologies to sustain their position in the market.

For instance, in March 2023, International Energy Agency, a France-based autonomous intergovernmental organization launched grid Integration tool technology.This technology was created as an add-on to the guidebook for policymakers on grid integration of EVs to evaluate the effect of EV charging on the electricity system.

Users of the program can enter characteristics such as an EV fleet, driving habits, charging chances, and the type of electricity used.

In January 2023, TE Connectivity, a Switzerland-based consumer electronics company acquired Kries Energietechnik GmbH & Co.KG for an undisclosed amount.

By making this tactical acquisition, TE’s energy business unit strengthens its position as a top supplier of grid stability solutions to utilities, owners of power networks, and developers of renewable energy infrastructure across the globe.Kries Energietechnik GmbH & Co.

KG is a Germany-based pioneer in smart grid systems. It offers remedies for extremely accessible distribution networks.

The countries covered in the smart grid technology market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

The smart grid technology market research report is one of a series of new reports that provides smart grid technology market statistics, including the smart grid technology industry’s global market size, regional shares, competitors with a smart grid technology market share, detailed smart grid technology market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the smart grid technology industry. This smart grid technology market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.
Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p06466668/?utm_source=GNW

About Reportlinker
ReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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The smart grid technology market is expected to grow from $39.38 billion in 2022 to $46.65 billion in 2023, driven by demand for electricity generation and technological advancements.

Germany is also using Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES) technologies, such as iron flow batteries, to accelerate its

Germany is also using Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES) technologies, such as iron flow batteries, to accelerate its

Germany is also using Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES) technologies, such as iron flow batteries, to accelerate its