Ocean acidification affects marine life, including organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons, which can be impacted by the changing chemistry of the ocean.

The impact of ocean acidification on cuttlefish is not well-studied, but it is likely that they will be affected by the changing chemistry and temperature of the ocean, which can have cascading effects on their development, growth, and distribution.

Cuttlefish can be affected by low-frequency sounds, which can be generated by human activities such as shipping, and can impact their behavior and distribution.

Ocean warming can disrupt the delicate balance of food webs, which can have indirect effects on cuttlefish populations and ecosystems.

Combined ocean acidification and warming can affect the egg-hatching and larval development of various species, including crustaceans, which can have indirect effects on cuttlefish populations.

The potential consequences of changes in ocean chemistry and temperature for cuttlefish populations and ecosystems are far-reaching and can include changes in distribution, abundance, and behavior, as well as indirect effects on their prey and predators.

Ocean acidification occurs due to carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere, which affects marine communities and ecosystems.

Ocean acidification and warming affect the development, growth, and distribution of various marine species, including cuttlefish.

Rising sea temperature impacts cuttlefish development, and they prefer sea water temperatures between 20-22 degrees Celsius.

Climate change affects cuttlefish migratory routes, and sea temperature rise affects their migration patterns.

Cuttlefish catch has decreased by 40% in recent years, and overfishing contributes to declining cuttlefish populations.

Environmental pollution also impacts cuttlefish habitats, which can have significant consequences for their populations and ecosystems.

Noise pollution affects cuttlefish development and growth, and they show changes in protein content due to sound exposure.

Cuttlefish and squids are sensitive to sound via sensory organs, which can be impacted by noise pollution.

Ocean warming threatens marine ecosystems, including those inhabited by cuttlefish, and can lead to changes in their distribution and abundance.

Ocean acidification makes it difficult for shellfish to build shells, which can have cascading effects on marine ecosystems, including those that support cuttlefish.

The absorption of carbon dioxide by oceans causes acidification, which can harm early life stages of marine organisms, including cuttlefish.

Changes in pH can harm the early life stages of marine organisms, including cuttlefish, and can have significant consequences for their populations.

Global warming leads to ocean surface warming and acidification, which can affect the development, growth, and distribution of cuttlefish.

Ocean warming can alter the distribution areas of some cephalopod species, including cuttlefish, and can have significant consequences for their ecosystems.

Heat stress can reduce the transparency and optical clarity of cephalopod lenses, including those of cuttlefish, which can impact their ability to survive and thrive.

Higher water temperatures accelerate octopus metabolism, making them smaller in size, and can also change their species distribution areas.

Warmer oceans can negatively affect octopus reproduction rates, reducing egg spawn numbers and causing some broods to remain unhatched.

While there is limited direct information on the impact of ocean acidification on cuttlefish, it is likely that they will be affected by the changing chemistry and temperature of the ocean, which can have cascading effects on their development, growth, and distribution.

Ocean acidification affects marine life and fish physiology, which could have indirect effects on cuttlefish and other cephalopods.

Ocean acidification reduces fish populations, which could impact the prey availability for cuttlefish.

Large fish species are being overfished, which could alter the predator-prey interactions and affect cuttlefish populations.

Overfishing disrupts the ocean's food chain, which could have cascading effects on the ecosystem and impact cuttlefish.

Marine food chains have more stages than terrestrial ones, making them more vulnerable to disruptions caused by ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification leads to serious ecological damage by 2050, which could have long-term effects on cuttlefish populations and the ecosystem.

However, there is limited information available on the specific effects of ocean acidification on cuttlefish, as most studies focus on other marine species such as fish, corals, and shellfish.

Pteropod decrease due to ocean acidification can impact the food web and carbon cycle, which could have indirect effects on cuttlefish and other cephalopods.

Sea butterflies are vulnerable to ocean acidification, and their population instability risks ecosystem collapse, which could have cascading effects on cuttlefish and other marine species.

Some fish evolve rapidly to cope with ocean acidification, which could lead to changes in predator-prey interactions and impact cuttlefish populations.

Ocean acidification changes fish behavior and survival chances, which could affect the prey availability and predator-prey interactions for cuttlefish.

Ocean acidification makes it difficult for shellfish to build shells, which could impact the prey availability for cuttlefish and other cephalopods.

Collective actions are necessary to protect the oceans and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which could help mitigate the effects of ocean acidification on cuttlefish and other marine species.

High CO2 levels cause ocean acidification and affect marine life, including cuttlefish, which can be impacted by the changing seawater chemistry.

Increased CO2 levels make oceans acidic and decrease oxygen levels, which can have a range of effects on marine species, including cuttlefish.

Ocean acidification impacts fish physiology, growth, and survival, and it is likely that similar effects are seen in cuttlefish, although the specific responses are not well-documented.

CO2 changes genetic transcription in fish, affecting survival, and it is possible that similar changes occur in cuttlefish, although more research is needed to confirm this.

High CO2 partial pressure alters gene transcription in fish brains, and it is likely that cuttlefish may experience similar effects, although the specific impacts on their brain function are not well-understood.

Immune function is affected in fish by high CO2 levels, and it is possible that cuttlefish may also experience immune system changes in response to ocean acidification.

Circadian clock genes change in fish due to high CO2, and it is likely that cuttlefish may experience similar disruptions to their internal rhythms, although more research is needed to confirm this.

Fish regulate immune response to cope with acidification, and it is possible that cuttlefish may have similar mechanisms to cope with the changing seawater chemistry, although the specific details are not well-documented.

Some fish species evolve faster to adapt to environmental changes, and it is possible that cuttlefish may also be able to evolve in response to ocean acidification, although more research is needed to understand their adaptive capacity.

Rapid evolution helps fish maintain population size and diversity, and it is likely that similar evolutionary changes may occur in cuttlefish populations in response to ocean acidification, although more research is needed to confirm this.

Acidic oceans can have a range of effects on marine life, including decreased oxygen levels, which can impact the survival and reproduction of cuttlefish and other species.

Climate change affects 45% of marine species at risk of extinction, including cuttlefish and other cephalopods, which are likely to be impacted by ocean acidification and other environmental changes.

Reversing greenhouse gas emissions can reduce extinction risk by 70%, which could help to protect cuttlefish and other marine species from the impacts of ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons, which can be impacted by the changing chemistry of the ocean.

Title:

Content: Living on our planet: We didn ’ t realize there were fewer fish in the sea because of baseline drift syndrome.
Photo Credit: iStock
What we want you to know is
There are fewer fish in the sea today.
We didn ’ t realize this was due to baseline drift syndrome.
Each generation defines a normal situation in terms of its own experience.
by David Attenborough, Jonnie Hughes
1997
• World population: 5.9 billion
• Atmospheric carbon content: 360ppm
• Remaining wilderness area: 46%
The largest habitat in the world is the ocean, covering more than 70% of the surface, but because the ocean is very deep, it accounts for 97% of the Earth's habitable space.
Almost all life on Earth originates from the ocean, beginning with microorganisms, living in hot springs from seabed vents several kilometers below the surface.
For three billion years, natural selection has been working on this simple, isolated single cell to perfect its system.
It took 1.5 billion years for cells to reach the complexity of our cellular structure, and another 1.5 billion years for these cells to come together and function in a coordinated manner like multicellular organisms.
When early marine microbes metabolized, they emitted methane as a by-product.
As methane bubbles rise out of the sea, the Earth's atmosphere gradually changes.
At the time, the Earth was cooler than it is today. Methane, a greenhouse gas 25 times stronger than carbon dioxide, entered the atmosphere to warm the planet and help life thrive.
Later, a microbe called cyanobacteria began photosynthesis, using the energy of sunlight to build tissues in the body.
The gas emitted in the process – oxygen – has led to dramatic changes, becoming the standard fuel for more efficient extraction of energy from food, paving the way for the development of all complex forms of life. Cyanobacteria still play an important part in the phytoplankton that float in the upper layers of the ocean, and we and other land-sharing animals eventually evolved from marine life.
We owe everything to the ocean.
In the late 1990s, producers in the BBC ’ s Natural History division proposed a series of documentaries dedicated to marine life, entitled The Blue Planet.
The ocean is the most difficult and expensive environment to film, and it can be difficult to document animal behavior. Bad weather, poor visibility in the water, and the difficulty of finding animals in the three-dimensional ocean can ruin any shooting opportunity, but it also provides an excellent opportunity to explore the natural world from an amazing, new perspective.
The first to bring the underwater world to the television screen was Hans Hass, a Viennese biologist, who filmed it in the Red Sea with his wife Lotte, and then Captain Cousteau, who invented the air valve, a device that is still an important part of human breathing underwater.
Over the years, he has relentlessly photographed SeaWorld around the world, yet despite the efforts of his predecessors, it is almost impossible to witness a greater diversity of marine life than on land.
Blue Planet took nearly five years to produce and has nearly 200 shooting locations.
Professional underwater photographers have captured images of cuttlefish feeding on coral reefs, sea otters fishing for shellfish in seaweed forests below the surface, crabs struggling with empty shells, and thousands of hammerhead sharks mating near seamounts in the Pacific Ocean.
Deepwater boats were used to search for new species in the deep plains and to watch blind eels tearing the gray whale carcasses apart.
My job is to explain the scene.
A team of ultralight aircraft spent three years photographing blue whales as they roamed the sea.
The film opens the entire series.
The largest animal on the planet has finally jumped into the limelight. Few people have ever seen a blue whale, and we know almost nothing about it.
But perhaps one of the biggest selling points of the Blue Planet documentaries is the footage of the bait fish — as spectacular as the natural landscape of Serangeti.
The tuna swam around the bait, driving them to the surface, causing the bait to flee in panic and form a tight sphere, and then launching an attack, hitting the ball from all sides at lightning speed; swarms of sharks and dolphins surfed the waves to join the hunt, and the dolphins drove from below, using foam to surround the bait ball to further coalesce the fish.
Then, just as we thought the disturbance had subsided, the swan swooped down from the top and broke through the fish with its mouth in its mouth.
Finally, the whale may be attracted to swallow the remaining bait fish into the big mouth of the bucket.
Feeding events like these occur thousands of times a day at sea, but no one has ever seen them below the surface.
It ’ s the most unpredictable event in nature, so it ’ s hard to film.
In a sense, the team is like tuna, dolphins, sharks, and swans waiting for a fleeting “hotspot ” to emerge — a whole mass of plankton feeding on a flood of nutrients coming up from the ocean floor.
Such a prosperous scene attracts small fish hundreds of kilometers away.
Once the bait has grown to a sufficient number, the predators attack, and soon the sea starts a frenzy.
The camera team trying to capture the footage scrambles to sweep the camera across the horizon to capture large swooping birds or targeted dolphins.
For more than 400 days, the Blue Planet photography team saw no sign of such an event, and in the days when the sea was making waves, they had to park the ship next to the predator site and dive below the bait ball before the sea was calm.
It ’ s a risky act, but once it ’ s shot, it ’ s an unparalleled theatrical effect.
Large merchant ships first entered international waters in the 1950s.
From a legal point of view, they work in no-man ’ s land, where they can be hunted without any restrictions.
At first, the catch was plentiful in unexplored waters; but in just a few years, where fishing nets were trawled, the fish were almost caught.
After all, isn ’ t the sea vast and boundless? Look at the amount of fish caught over the years to see how the ocean ’ s fish resources have been emptied, region by region.
In the mid-1970s, only eastern Australia, southern Africa, eastern North America, and the Southern Ocean were truly abundant.
By the early 1980s, the global fishing industry had become unprofitable, so countries with large fleets had to provide them with financial subsidies – in effect, to pay for overfishing.
By the end of the 20th century, humans had captured 90% of the world ’ s large fish stocks.
The targeting of the largest and most valuable fish in the ocean is particularly damaging, eliminating not only species at the top of the food chain, such as tuna and swordfish, but also the largest individuals in some species, cod and bream.
In fish populations, size is important.
Most fish that live in open waters grow throughout their lives, and the reproductive capacity of females is closely related to their size. Larger females can lay more eggs, so with the elimination of all species-specific individuals, we also eliminate the most effective species, and the population will soon collapse.
There are no more large fish in areas where there are large numbers of fish.
Fishing is a cat and mouse game that has been perfected from generation to generation by fishing villages in coastal areas around the world.
As is often the case, with the extraordinary ability of humans to solve problems, we invented a variety of fishing methods.
Modern fishing vessels have been able to design navigation equipment according to the specific sea and climate, from simple maps to meridians, to maintain accurate direction even in the face of rough sea elephants.
As for predicting where the hot spots of marine life will appear, it may be necessary to rely on the memory of an old fisherman or deploy high-tech sonar instruments.
In order to catch fish, we have invented various fishing methods: pushing the fishing net into the sea, letting the fishing net drift with the ocean current, using the fishing net to circle the shallow beach, and then collecting the net from the bottom, throwing the fishing net into the sea from above, and sinking the fishing net to the bottom of the sea.
We measured the depth of the sea, made a map containing hidden undersea mountains and continental sheds, and we would know where to wait; we worked with boats, canoes and steamships, spent months at sea, sprinkling a net over miles of sea, catching hundreds of tons of fish at a time.
Our fishing techniques have become very sophisticated, not step-by-step, but like whaling and destruction of the rainforest, everything happens suddenly.
The exponential growth is the characteristic of cultural evolution, and the results of the invention are constantly accumulating.
When diesel engines, GPS, and sonar are combined, the opportunities created by these three are not just added up, but multiplied.
But fish have limited reproductive capacity and we are now overfishing in many coastal areas.
Catching fish populations in open waters at once is reckless, and the ocean food chain is very different from how it works on land.
The terrestrial food chain may have only three stages – grass → wildebeest → lion.
Marine food chains typically contain more than four or five species.
Microphytoplankton are eaten by plankton, which are almost invisible to the naked eye, and then become food for fry, which then falls into the mouths of a series of increasingly large fish species.
This extended food chain is exactly what we see in bait balls and is self-reliant and self-adaptable.
If one of the moderately sized fish disappears as a result of becoming a centerpiece of the human disk, the number of fish in the lower stage may be excessive, and the upper species may starve because they cannot feed on plankton.
Prosperity that briefly emerges in hotspot areas to form a delicate balance is becoming increasingly rare, with nutrients falling from the waters of the ocean ’ s surface and deposited on the dark seabed – a net loss for life on the ocean ’ s surface for thousands of years, and as hotspots begin to diminish, the ocean begins to die out.
The fact is that as time goes on and the population grows, we have to increase the efficiency of our fishing.
The world ’ s population is growing and the amount of fish is decreasing.
Records and reports trace a sea that we do not know from the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, long before we can remember it.
Ancient photos of people catching knee-length salmon, New England has reported that the shallow beaches are too wide and close to the coast, and locals wade past forks with forks.
In Scotland, fishermen will drag a line tied to 400 hooks, almost every hook caught halibut [4].
The fishing tools of our modern ancestors were no more complex than fishing hooks and cotton nets.
We are now trying to capture edible creatures, using techniques that can choke them.
There are fewer fish in the sea today.
We didn ’ t realize this was due to baseline drift syndrome.
Each generation defines a normal situation in terms of its own experience.
We use current fish populations to determine the amount of fish the sea can provide, but we don ’ t know how many fish populations there were in the past.
Our expectations of the ocean are diminishing because we don ’ t know how rich it once was and how much potential it has.
Annotation
It is generally believed that eukaryotic cells evolved between 2 and 2.7 billion years ago, about 1.5 billion years after the origin of life, and that multicellular organisms evolved more than 500 million years ago, about 1.5 billion years after eukaryotic cells.
[2] In 2003, researchers conducted a study of global fisheries data, which showed that our fishing efforts led to an alarming decline in the number of large fish species in the oceans.
See also Rupert.
An interview with this research in Murray ’ s The End of the Line documentary, or Myers R. and Warm B. (2003), “The rapid decline of global predatory fish communities, ” Nature 423, pp. 280-283.
[3] For the latest assessment of the impact of global fisheries subsidies, see Sumatra et al. (2019), “The Latest Assessment and Analysis of Global Fisheries Allowances ”; and WWF (2019),“ Five Negative Effects of Fisheries Allowances on the Coastal Environment ”.
[4] For more information on these historical events, as well as a detailed account of how baseline drift syndrome affects our expectations of the ocean, see Karen Roberts (2013), Ocean of Life, Penguin Publishing Group.
Book Introduction
This excerpt is from Living on Our Planet (Netflix documentary of the same name): World-class naturalists witness the changes and prospects of the earth in a hundred years, published by Gao Bao
Authors: David Attenborough and Jonnie Hughes
Translator: Chen Sihua
• momo online bookstore
• Enter TNL83 at Pubu E-Bookstore checkout to enjoy 83% off sitewide discount (adult products, physical products, limited products are not included, and cannot be combined with other offers)
If you purchase the book through the above link, the key commentator network will be rewarded with a profit.
Netflix documentary of the same name
Forest fires, Arctic ice melting, torrential rain, floods, high temperatures to jump electric connection...
Is the Sixth Great Extinction Coming?
The human mind!
A 100-year-old man who wants to save young people ’ s lives tomorrow.
This is the planet we live on, and we can only protect our future on our own.
“I ’ m 95 years old, I ’ ve been making nature documentaries for over 60 years, and I ’ ve been witnessing the change of the planet all my life.
Having witnessed the decline of the earth from its beauty to its present day, and watching the oceans, wastelands, rainforests, and glaciers disappear and destroy their habitats, I will surely feel guilty if I choose to ignore them. "
After 2020, we will experience the following:
By 2030, the Amazon rainforest will be 75% less able to produce water and absorb carbon dioxide, and the Arctic Sea will have its first ice-free summer.
In 2040, the permafrost of the North melts, releasing 1,400 trillion tons of carbon dioxide and accelerating climate change.
By 2050, the oceans will absorb too much carbon leading to acidification, serious ecological damage, and reduced fish populations.
In 2080, the world is plunged into a food crisis due to overuse, exhaustion of land and failure of farming.
By 2100, the Earth's temperature had risen by 4 degrees, most areas were uninhabitable, national borders had disappeared, and wars had broken out.
The sixth great extinction is coming.
This book is David Attenborough ’ s life experience and tells the story of how we committed this terrible disaster, our present predicament, and our vision for the future.
But we ’ re lucky if we act now, make changes, and fix everything.
Live on our planet and make it better.
There is still time and a last chance to restore this beautiful world.
The book will teach you to take action, and what the earth needs is your will.
※ This book is printed on FSCTM-certified paper.
Editor-in-Chief: Pang Bohan
Editor ： Weng Shihang
Tags:

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

The impact of ocean acidification on cuttlefish is not well-studied, but it is likely that they will be affected by the changing chemistry and temperature of the ocean, which can have cascading effects on their development, growth, and distribution.

Title:

Content: Go to main content
Live broadcast
Politics
Ambassador Antonov explained the need for a special operation by Kiev ’ s reluctance to stop the genocide
Mir
Izvestia presented evidence of the transfer of weapons to Ukraine by the United States in the autumn of 2021
Mir
The Pentagon admitted to the transfer of data applicable for counterattacks to Kiev
Mir
The United States has expanded restrictions on the export of some goods to Russia and Belarus
Mir
French political scientist called the attack on Kramatorsk manipulation of Kiev
Mir
Cayman Islands froze billions of dollars in connection with anti-Russian sanctions
Mir
IMF approved the creation of a special account to stabilize the economy of Kiev
Science
British scientists have developed a method to rejuvenate skin cells for 30 years
Mir
In the United States spoke about the threat to the unity of the Western coalition because of the elections in France
Politics
Russian Ambassador to the United States said about the prevention of the death of civilians in Ukraine
Economy
Economist spoke about the US-provoked crisis in Europe
Japanese scientists accidentally discovered the rare ability of squid
0
Voice-over text
Highlight the main
INCLUDING
off
Scientists know how octopuses and cuttlefish can disguise themselves as colors of the environment or soil to hide from predators.
But the specialists of the Department of Physics and Biology of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology learned about this ability in squid in early April, who conducted a number of experiments.
“When the oval squid were in the part of the aquarium with clean water, they were light in color, but when they got into the part with algae, they became darker.
Scientists stressed that in addition to opportunities to study the new abilities of squid, the study reveals yet unknown to science adaptations for their survival, ” — reported on the website of the Institute.
According to Dr. Ryuta Nakajima, a visiting researcher, squid usually hover in the open ocean, but scientists were interested in figuring out what happens when they approach a coral reef or if they are chased by a predator on the ocean floor.
"If the ability to mimic is important for squid when encountering a predator, it indicates that increasing or decreasing squid populations is dependent on coral reef health much more than we thought," said Dr. Nakajima.
The ability of squid to change color was discovered by chance.
At the Institute ’ s Marine Science Station, researchers cleaned a tank for marine animals to remove the overgrown algae.
They noticed how the squid changed color while in purified water or hovering over the algae.
A control experiment proved that squid really can change color depending on their environment.
Earlier, researchers at Harvard University said that the increase in the temperature of the oceans increases the concentration of mercury in fish and shellfish.
Mercury is a natural chemical element that is present in air, water and soil.
For the human body, it is toxic, but this element is contained in some types of fish.
Experts have told, the use of which fish can be harmful to health.
Read also
Live broadcast

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Cuttlefish can be affected by low-frequency sounds, which can be generated by human activities such as shipping, and can impact their behavior and distribution.

Title:

Content:
International scientists warn of the serious impact of noise pollution on marine invertebrates

An international scientific study, led by the UPC's Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), shows that noise from human operations at sea damages marine invertebrates and ocean ecosystems. Published in Frontiers in Marine Science, the work points out that noise pollution at sea can even cause death in some marine species.

In recent decades, scientists have studied the sensitivity to noise of marine mammals—especially cetaceans and pinnipeds—and fish because they are known to possess hearing organs. Recent studies have revealed that a wide variety of are also sensitive to sound, particularly via sensory organs whose function is to allow maintaining equilibrium in the water column and to sense gravity. Not only do represent the largest proportion of marine biomass and are indicators of ocean health, but many species also have important socio-economic values.

A team of scientists, made up of researchers from the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB) from the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech (UPC) and other universities and research centers in Australia, Spain, the United States, France, Japan, Italy, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, have reviewed hundreds of studies on the impact of noise on marine invertebrates such as crabs, molluscs, squids, prawns and worms. They concluded that anthropogenic noise—noise from human operations—is harming these species in many ways, from cellular to ecosystem level.

"Many people are surprised to discover that invertebrates can even perceive sound, but sound is, in fact, essential to their survival," explains Marta Solé, UPC's LAB researcher linked to the Polytechnic School of Engineering of Vilanova i la Geltrú (EPSEVG). "Light does not travel easily underwater, but sound does, and invertebrates use sound for their vital activities (interspecific communication, predator detection, reproduction, etc.). Human operations, especially shipping, are changing the ocean soundscape very rapidly, and this study brings together the latest evidence on these impacts." Shipping is the main source of marine noise, but there are many others—drilling, dredging, sonar, etc.—and this affects the natural balance of the oceans.

Multiple impacts

Titled "Marine invertebrates and noise," the paper was published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science. It warns of the multiple impacts of on invertebrates, such as delayed hatching and development of eggs, and significantly increased larvae abnormality and in crustaceans, bivalves (mussels and oysters), gastropods (snails) and cephalopods (cuttlefish and squids).

Low-frequency sounds, such as those from underwater explosions, can cause injury and even death in blue crabs. Long-term exposure of these species to noise also affects their behavior. Ship noise limits shore crabs' ability to change color for camouflage, according to the team of researchers.

After sound exposure, Mediterranean common cuttlefish showed changes in the protein content, mainly structure- and stress-related proteins. The authors have also reviewed studies demonstrating physiological changes in some species, such as a significant reduction in the rate of growth and reproduction, an increase in the level of aggressiveness and the mortality rate, and a reduction in feed intake.

Recent studies have revealed that a wide range of invertebrates are sensitive to sounds, especially via statocysts—analogous to the vertebrate inner ear—whose original function is to allow maintaining equilibrium in the water column and to sense gravity.

How do invertebrates produce and detect sound?

Sound travels about five times faster in water (ca. 1,500 m/s) than in air (ca. 340 m/s) because the density of water is greater, and also attenuates less over the same distance. Invertebrates detect underwater sound through three types of sensory systems: ciliated receptors on the , statocysts and chordotonal organs, linked to the joints of antennae or legs in crustaceans.

They can also produce sounds: from "coughing" in scallops to stridulation, in which lobsters, crayfish, prawns and crabs rub together certain body parts—similar to bowing a violin—and make sounds that may scare off predators. The study presents all these forms of sound production and perception specific to invertebrates, and the techniques used for their analysis.

Effects of noise on ecosystems

By changing the behavior and health of predators and prey in complex food webs, noise can thus affect entire ecosystems. Invertebrates provide major ecosystem functions, such as water filtering, habitat creation, organic matter processing, carbon transfer through food webs and nutrient recycling. Therefore, researchers see it as urgent to continue research in this area to mitigate the impacts.

"Our study highlights that these animals exist in a rich underwater soundscape," explains Dr. Sophie Nedelec from the University of Exeter. "We need to learn more about the impacts of noise pollution on these animals and ecosystems. Given that noise can affect invertebrates from cellular to ecosystem level, we need to bring together interdisciplinary expertise to gain a holistic view of the problem. Considering the many anthropogenic pressures, including and fishing, we must do everything possible to limit underwater noise."

The study summarizes the current scientific knowledge on invertebrate bioacoustics ( production, reception, sensitivity) and on how marine invertebrates are affected by anthropogenic noises. It also identifies gaps in scientific knowledge on the tolerance of marine ecosystems, concluding that more research is needed.

More information: Marta Solé et al, Marine invertebrates and noise, Frontiers in Marine Science (2023). DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1129057

Journal information: Frontiers in Marine Science

Provided by Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

Citation: International scientists warn of the serious impact of noise pollution on marine invertebrates (2023, March 15) retrieved 15 March 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-03-international-scientists-impact-noise-pollution.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

Noise affects life on the seafloor

2 shares

Feedback to editors

Ocean warming can disrupt the delicate balance of food webs, which can have indirect effects on cuttlefish populations and ecosystems.

Title:

Content: The Arctic region is currently undergoing rapid and significant changes, with acidification and warming occurring at alarming rates.
These shifts raise concerns about the resilience of marine communities in the face of such environmental shifts.
Marine zooplankton, especially copepods, play a crucial role in the Arctic food web.
However, differences in environmental conditions can disrupt zooplankton populations, leading to adverse consequences for the entire ecosystem.
Recent research has focused on understanding the extent to which copepods in early life are exposed to environmental stressors, as they represent a critical bottleneck in the copepods life cycle.
A study by Espinel Velasco et al.
(2023) Explore the responses of 4-day-old Kalanos Hyperborius Lenobli to acidification (pH 7.5 and 8.1) and warming (0 and 3 ° C), both individually and collectively.
The study revealed that the larvae 'breathing rates increased significantly when exposed to a combination of acidification and warming.
Surprisingly, exposure to these stressors individually did not produce the same effect.
Surprisingly, the researchers did not find any noticeable differences in fat content and fatty acid composition in the larvae across various experimental treatments.
Wax esters, which make up about 75% of the fat reserve, and high amounts of long-chain fatty acids 20: 1 and 22: 1, necessary for copepods to reproduce, have been detected in all treatments.
By highlighting the sensitivity of larvae to the combined effects of acidification and warming, this study aligns with a growing body of evidence from relevant research.
It highlights the potential impacts of global change on Arctic copepod populations and stresses the importance of understanding early life stage responses to environmental stressors.
Questions and Answers:
Q: What are zooplankton?
A: Zooplankton refers to small, often microscopic, organisms that drift into the ocean or other bodies of water and serve as one of the main sources of food for many marine species.
Q: What is the role of copepods in the Arctic food web?
A: Copepods, especially calanotic copepods such as Calanus Hyperboreus, are a critical component of the Arctic food web.
They serve as a vital link between primary producers (such as phytoplankton) and higher trophic levels, serving as a food source for various marine species.
Q: What is acidification?
A: Acidification refers to the process of increasing acidity (lowering pH) in seawater due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
This occurs as a result of human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels.
Q: How does global warming affect marine ecosystems?
A: Ocean warming can have various impacts on marine ecosystems, including changes in species distribution, changing reproductive cycles, and potential disruptions to the delicate balance of food webs.
Source: Frontiers in Marine Science, DOI: 10.3389 / fmars.2023.1240673

Combined ocean acidification and warming can affect the egg-hatching and larval development of various species, including crustaceans, which can have indirect effects on cuttlefish populations.

Title:

Content: Home of the Day
Send Save Print PDF
In cooperation with the Foundation for the Advancement of Science and the Atomic Energy Agency
« Research » conducted a study on the impact of « acidification » on shrimp
The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), in cooperation with the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), completed a study project to investigate the impact of ocean acidification and ocean surface warming on the growth and abundance of local shrimp.
In turn, the head of the project, researcher Lamia Muslim at the Center for Environmental and Life Sciences Research at the Institute, said that there are many animals that contain in their skeleton or shell calcium carbonate, and changes in the pH of water can negatively affect these organisms, especially in the early stages of their life. The sea and some phytoplankton species, but that does not mean that this is a positive thing because the increased growth of these organisms can disrupt the food chain, biodiversity and ecosystem mechanisms and construction.
She added that the presence of large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to the occurrence of global warming and the rise of the surface of the oceans by between one and three degrees Celsius, and the rise of the water level to an amount ranging from 0.18 to 0.79 meters, which in turn leads to acidification and warming of the surface of the oceans, and therefore to change the chemistry of the ocean and threaten marine ecosystems.
She pointed out that the shrimp mothers were collected from Kuwaiti territorial waters during the breeding season to obtain eggs and shrimp larvae in sufficient numbers to conduct experiments on all stages of shrimp age, as the study experiments were conducted in the laboratories of the Institute in a controlled system simulating the expected climate changes in the future.
The results of the study confirmed that the warming of the surface of the oceans could have a greater impact than ocean acidification on the early life stages of shrimp larvae, as shrimp larvae exposed to high temperatures showed accelerated growth rates to reach the sizes of older shrimp, but with lower survival rates, it is very likely that lower survival and growth rates under future climate scenarios may lead to the emergence of smaller shrimp larvae. These larvae will undergo multiple molting processes over their life cycle making them vulnerable; furthermore, the study results suggest additional effects of combined exposure to ocean surface warming and acidification on egg-hatching success, survival, and shrimp larval development.
Al-Musallam said: “The study is fully consistent across the entire life cycle of the M Nair shrimp, where high mortality of larvae at low pH and high water temperature indicates a possible collapse of this species of crustacean under conditions of increased ocean acidification and future warming of the ocean surface, which also leads to a significant reduction in shrimp stocks in the Arabian Gulf due to overfishing or reduced larval growth due to climate change. ”
For his part, dr.
Dr. Saifuddin Iqbaluddin, from the Center for Environmental and Life Sciences Research, said experts regularly measure water temperature and pH levels and look at how marine life might respond to these changes in the coming decades.
Add a new comment
The comment received from the participant or reader is an expression of his own opinion and does not reflect the opinion of the Kuwaiti newspaper Al-Nahar
View comments

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

The potential consequences of changes in ocean chemistry and temperature for cuttlefish populations and ecosystems are far-reaching and can include changes in distribution, abundance, and behavior, as well as indirect effects on their prey and predators.

Title:

Content: [HKU research] Climate change narrows marine shallow animal habitats or causes mass extinction
Social 14: 06 2021 / 10 / 28
Share:
Climate change has narrowed the habitats of marine shallower animals or caused mass extinction. (courtesy of Jacopo BRUNETTI)
A study by the University of Hong Kong found that social development will continue to warm the climate, will expand the range of oxygen-less areas in the ocean, narrowing the suitable habitat above shallow water habitats, forcing animals to live in high temperatures, accelerating the risk of extinction, and calling on Hong Kong people to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the possibility of large-scale species extinction.
The Faculty of Biological Sciences of the University of Hong Kong and the Swire Institute of Marine Science have used the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event, one of the most famous extreme heat events in history, as a basis for understanding its causes and effects to help predict how the environment will change under man-made climate warming.
Applying innovative methods to assess changes in local diversity
The PETM event occurs when a large amount of carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere, causing temperatures to soar by 5 to 8 ° C, causing huge ocean chemical and biological reactions.
The team hopes the research will help scientists tackle global warming and understand how shallow ocean ecosystems work.
The team used an innovative crash-reconstruction model to quantify that at the beginning of the PETM event, large fluctuations in shallow ocean ecosystems were caused by extremely high surface water levels and a lack of oxygen in deep water, both of which are known as "least oxygenated zones", which were added up to narrow the suitably shallow habitats above the least oxygenated zones.
The lack of cool sheltered areas led to the extinction of heat-tolerant shallow sea species in the region that occupied 46.2% of the clusters prior to the PETM event.
By the end of the event, the strong resilience of shallow sea ecosystems exceeded expectations, with 50% of new species emerging in new clusters.
However, the effects of the climatic anomalies of the PETM event are irreversible, and the composition of the local biomes is ultimately changed forever.
The team used mesophyte fossils stored in an ocean sediment well as model organisms. All the fossils in the sample were selected and classified under a microscope, and then created datasets for statistical analysis.
The results show that if carbon emissions remain the same today, a similar situation is likely to occur in the foreseeable future, with significant socio-economic losses.
Tian Yunshu, a PhD student at the Swire Institute of Marine Science, said that social development will continue to warm the climate, which will expand the range of the least oxygen-containing areas in shallow water, resulting in the expansion of the least oxygen-containing areas in shallow water, which will lead to a higher risk of extinction.
Call on Hong Kong people to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Future warming will lead to serious consequences, such as mass extinctions or species loss.
Collaborating researchers include Associate Professor Shing Ming An of the Faculty of Biological Sciences and Swire Institute of Marine Science, HKU, Huai-Hsuan M HUANG of the Smithsonian Institution, Fabien L CONDAMINE of the French National Centre for Scientific Research, and Marci M ROBINSON of the US Geological Survey.
See different vaccine rewards and offers in one article: https: / / bit.ly / 3vw84v0
Https: / / bit.ly / 3cNFwr7
To track the location of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong in real time, download the Economic Daily App now: https: / / bit.ly / 2JdOaiS
Editor-in-Charge: Lina Chen

Title:

Content: "Ujin" is hard to earn!
Seizure of cuttlefish in northward movement of fishing grounds drops sharply
The mullet migrates to Taiwan from November to late January of each year, which is the "wugin" that fishermen look forward to; especially the ten days before and after the winter solstice is the peak season for mullet fishing, but the fishing grounds are gradually concentrated to the north, causing fishermen south of Yunlin to have to "go north" in recent years.
Fishermen believe that in addition to the fact that mainland China has been "blocking the Wu" at the mouth of the Yangtze River for 20 or 30 years, the climate has continued to warm, and they have questioned the rising sea temperature caused by the discharge of power plants, which has led to a decrease in the number of migratory squid.
I've got a job to do.
Captain Wu Lien-ming left Hsingtao after the winter solstice last year, and returned from a cold day on January 19. Chance.
According to the annual report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, the annual catch of mullet in the coastal waters averaged more than one million fish per year from 1975 to 1985, but from 1998 it was almost half a million fish per year, with a record low of more than 22,000 fish per year in 2010.
According to the Fisheries Department, statistics on migratory mullet fishing began on December 6 last year, and as of December 12 this year, a total of 275,623 fish had been caught, with Miaoli, Taichung and Changhua being the main fishing areas, while the highest number of fish discharged was over 110,000 at Wuci Fishing Harbor in Taichung, followed by 39,000 at Tanshui Second Fishing Harbor in New Taipei, and over 31,000 at Fuji Fishing Harbor. Yilan's Nanfangao fishing port has more than 30,000, and the remaining fishing port has more than 63,000.
Climate change changes the migratory route of squid
Kuo Chin-hao, director of the Kaohsiung Xingda Fishery Association, said that since 1990, the number of mullet caught in Taiwan has been decreasing year by year, and it is even almost impossible to catch.
Chen Chongde, general director of the Nanxian District Fishery Association, said that in recent years, climate change, environmental pollution, overfishing and other factors have caused the annual catch of mullet to halve, and the factors are complex, because the catch of various types of fish in the coastal waters has also decreased by more than 40% in recent years.
The Xingda Fishing Port in Kaohsiung's Jiading District was once Taiwan's premier producer of wild mullet. At its peak, the fishing fleet was two boats in a group, totaling hundreds of groups.
Wu Lien-ming, who has been fishing with his father since the age of 13, believes that the number of mullet has not decreased, and the key is to have cold currents and air conditioners. If the sea temperature is not low enough, the mullet will not migrate from the mainland to Taiwan's waters, and swim to the north of Keelung to separate things.
Wu Lien-ming doubts that the mullet likes to live in sea water at 20-22 degrees Celsius, and climate change has caused the sea temperature to rise, and "the water from the power plant is very bad, and the temperature is too high."
30 years of dramatic changes in the Tainan coast.
However, Taiwan Power says that in order to clarify the impact of thermal drainage on the water quality and ecology of the sea area, the temperature difference of the surface water at the discharge port of 500 meters this year is less than one degree Celsius, which is in line with the Environmental Protection Department's standard of not exceeding four degrees Celsius.
A fisherman surnamed Chen, who is in his seventies in the General District of Tainan, says that the sandy terrain from the Shuangchun to the Tsengwen River in Chiku is suitable for mullet spawning. The ship is often empty.
Air conditioning Tainan Warming fisherman mullet seed
Extended reading
Most mullet eggs are imported instead of the cuttlefish caught.
Fishermen remember the year when the fishing boats gathered to rob the Wu a big catch like China Lotto
Storms force Australian power plants to temporarily shut down 500,000 homes
High School Girls Nap Shorts Stained Thighs
Related News
The grand prize is missing. Tomorrow night, the grand prize is $160 million.
The 18th issue of the lottery tonight, the first prize two consecutive rounds of turtle, Taiwan lottery company estimates that the 19th issue of the lottery tomorrow night estimated sales of 240 million yuan, the first prize cumulative amount of 160 million yuan...
"Ujin" is hard to earn!
Seizure of cuttlefish in northward movement of fishing grounds drops sharply
The mullet migrates to Taiwan from November to the end of January of the following year, which is what fishermen expect.
Taiwan Lottery "Future Lottery" Betting Station: Fear of Spending Disputes
The deadline for the 18th issue of the Grand Lotto opened tonight was 4: 35 pm today, 4: 35 pm...
3.5-hour advance card closure
Last night's Grand Lotto, the 18th issue of the lottery, took place in Oolong, Taiwan's first lottery in the history of lottery tickets.
Warm and cold, prevent nose allergies, asthma upper body
Spring is warm and blooming, the temperature is cold and hot in spring, be careful of allergic diseases.
Pediatric physician Lin Ying-ran said that to avoid allergies affecting the mood of the Spring Festival, the first thing to avoid allergens and reduce pollen...
Mullet catches fall sharply / Scholar: Many mullet do not come down in warm water in the south
Some marine scholars say that the amount of fish caught is really related to the temperature of the water, and "the more warm water in the south, the mullet will not come down."
Product recommendation
udn Forum

Title:

Content: How climate change and warming waters are affecting the health of the oceans

(NEW YORK) — Oceans do so much to sustain life on Earth, including bearing the brunt of global temperatures that have been steadily warming for decades.

An IPCC special report published in 2019 found that oceans — which make up more than 70% of the world’s surface — have absorbed between 20% and 30% of human-made carbon dioxide emissions since the 1980s. They’re also responsible for absorbing more than 93% of the “combined heat stored by warmed air, sea, and land, and melted ice” since the 1970s, according to the Fifth Assessment report published in 2013 by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

The tipping point is near, experts told ABC News. But there are collective actions to take that could revitalize oceans to a healthier state — the theme of the United Nations World Oceans Day 2022.

“We really see oceans as the biggest ally in the climate change crisis,” Lea d’Auriol, founder of nonprofit Oceanic Global, told ABC News.

This is how climate change is affecting the health of the world’s oceans:

Species are faced with adapting or becoming extinct

Currently, the oceans “are in a state of complete imbalance” that has nearly doubled since the 1990s, d’Auriol said. Look no further than the fishermen, who supply sustenance to more than three billion people who rely on seafood as their main source of protein, as witnesses that climate change is already here, d’Auriol, said.

“If you wanted to ask someone if climate change is really happening, probably the most surest answer you’d get from anyone aside from a scientist is a fisherman,” Arlo Hemphill, senior oceans campaigner for Greenpeace USA, told ABC News. “Because fishermen are seeing these things happen in real time.”

One of the changes long-time fisherman are witnessing is the presence of new species venturing north as the area with their preferred water temperature expands.

Marine organisms maintain the same temperature as the surrounding water, so that when temperature increases, so does the temperature of the organism, Martin Grosell, professor of ichthyology and chair of the University of Miami’s Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, told ABC News. As the temperature rises, the organisms require more energy to move and survive. But, conversely, the levels of oxygen in the water decrease as the temperature warms, forcing the species to move, Grosell said.

The migrations may seem innocuous, but they are disrupting ecosystems all over the world, such as the phenology, or timing, of when grey seals give birth, Hemphill said.

Conversely, species are continuing to die off due to repeated events of marine heatwaves, Anne Christianson, director of international climate policy for the Center for American Progress, a public policy research organization, told ABC News.

Coral reefs are among the most threatened marine ecosystems in the world, scientists say. Coral bleaching, a process that occurs when water is too warm and the corals expel algae from their tissues, causing them to turn completely white, is happening at “alarming” rates — increasing by a rate of 4% per year — along with an uptick in mortality events along entire regions, d’Auriol said.

A study published in the National Academy of Sciences found that coral reefs could stop growing in 10 years unless greenhouse gases are significantly reduced and that, under a worst-case scenario, 94% of all reefs could erode by 2050.

Reefs are often the indicator of the health of an ecosystem, Brenda Ekwurzel, director of climate science for the Union of Concerned Scientists, told ABC News.

Mammals that rely on Arctic ice, such as polar bears and ringed seals, one of the polar bears’ main food sources that live their lives almost entirely on the ice, are also at risk, Ekwurzel said.

Vegetation such as mangroves, seagrass plants and marshes, some of the largest carbon sinks on the planet, which absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, are also at risk of extinction, d’Auriol said.

The number of dead zones are increasing

A dead zone, or the process of hypoxia, occurs when an algal bloom sucks up all the oxygen in an area, making it impossible for marine life to survive — essentially a biological desert, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

A study published in 2008 in Science found that there were 400 dead zones around the world. By 2019, the number of dead zones had increased to about 900, d’Auriol said.

The dead zones often occur in regions with rampant nutrient runoff, such as at the base of the Mississippi River, where it empties into the Gulf of Mexico, Hemphill said.

Sea level rise will change coastal communities

The biggest contributor to sea level rise is the melting ice in the Arctic, which is heating up twice as fast as the rest of the world, according to the 2021 Arctic Report Card by NOAA. Increases in sea level rise of 6 inches to a foot since the Industrial Revolution may seem like small increments, but crucial infrastructure near oceans was not built to withstand the added inches of water, experts say.

Millions of people living in coastlines around the world, including those in mega cities such as New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, will be displaced by the rise in sea levels, d’Auriol said.

Carbon dioxide emissions sparks ocean acidification

Ocean acidification, which occurs when water’s pH levels are lowered as a result of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, is not directly caused by warming temperatures but rather by excess carbon dioxide emissions, Hemphill said.

“The alarming thing about it is that shellfish everything from from microscopic plankton, to clams and crabs and coral reefs themselves use calcium carbonate to build their shells,” he said. “And as the ocean acidifies, it becomes more difficult to create the shells.”

Ocean acidification, rather than coral bleaching, will likely be the culprit behind the demise of coral reefs, Ekwurzel said.

Collective actions are necessary to protect the oceans

In line with the 2022 theme for World Oceans Day, “Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean,” scientists and conservationists are highlighting the need for individuals, communities, nonprofits, the private sector and governments to come together to create solutions, d’Auriol said.

This includes ensuring the health of marine protected areas by eliminating housing, fishing zones and shipping traffic in the vicinity, d’Auriol said.

Governments will need to create policies to protect both human life and the health of the ocean, Christianson said.

“There isn’t one silver bullet for solving this crisis in the ocean and on land,” Christianson said.

However, the ticking time bomb is the race to drastically reduce global greenhouse gas emissions within the next decade, the experts said.

“We can’t afford to delay those solutions any longer,” Ekwurzel said.

Along the path to properly protecting and preserving oceans is ridding the narrative that oceans are a separate environmental issue from climate change and the conservation of biodiversity, d’Auriol said.

“Because we do live on a water planet, and it’s responsible for sustaining all life on Earth,” she said.

Copyright (C) 2022, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification occurs due to carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere, which affects marine communities and ecosystems.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Ocean acidification and warming affect the development, growth, and distribution of various marine species, including cuttlefish.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Rising sea temperature impacts cuttlefish development, and they prefer sea water temperatures between 20-22 degrees Celsius.

Climate change affects cuttlefish migratory routes, and sea temperature rise affects their migration patterns.

Cuttlefish catch has decreased by 40% in recent years, and overfishing contributes to declining cuttlefish populations.

Environmental pollution also impacts cuttlefish habitats, which can have significant consequences for their populations and ecosystems.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Noise pollution affects cuttlefish development and growth, and they show changes in protein content due to sound exposure.

Cuttlefish and squids are sensitive to sound via sensory organs, which can be impacted by noise pollution.

Ocean warming threatens marine ecosystems, including those inhabited by cuttlefish, and can lead to changes in their distribution and abundance.

Title:

Content: Rising ocean temperatures threaten marine products
Environment
Global warming not only warms the atmosphere, but it is also responsible for sea temperature rise, which has a serious impact on the entire ecosystem.
Hyogo ’ s fisheries are now facing serious changes that are putting much of the staple ingredients of the Japanese table in crisis.
“It ’ s the first time I ’ ve ever eaten such seaweed in my life, the problem is getting worse and worse. ”
In mid-March 2023, marine algae farmer Kato Kazufumi was puzzled about how to deal with an attack by black-headed carp or sea bream on his marine algae farm.
More than half of Cato's 1,200 seaweed networks have been damaged this season.
While he usually harvested seaweed until mid-April, he pulled his nets early this year.
A few years ago, seaweed farms throughout the Harima Sea and the Saca Bay area were damaged by these fish.
While in the waters around Kobe, Akashi and the northern part of the island of Ouagi, this damage recedes around the beginning of the new year as water temperatures drop below 13 degrees, while in the southern part of the island of Ouagi temperatures remain high throughout the year, and the Black Sea Abrams are active in that area throughout the seaweed season.
According to the Hyogo Institute for Fisheries Technology in Hyogo Prefecture, based in Akashi, low levels of nutrients and food sources at sea also appear to be a factor.
As a result, seaweed producers in other provinces have completely exited this business.
While the Ariake Sea in Kyushu records low yields of marine algae, Hyogo has the potential to become the largest producer of marine algae in Japan.
But the lack of nutrients in water in recent years has caused seaweed to lose its distinctive black color, as rising ocean temperatures affect crops and their quality.
Cultivation of marine algae growing in cold winter waters begins in the fall with lower water temperatures.
Farmers agree that 23 ° C is the optimal temperature for planting seeds and 18 ° C is the optimal temperature to start production.
But in recent years the ocean has been warmer for longer, causing production delays.
The Institute of Fisheries Technology says the seaweed production season is delayed year by year and getting shorter.
The delay in the production season does not just mean that seaweed no longer grows during the period when the sea contains the most nutrients.
It also means that the season of selection of the best marine algae species, both around the southern island of Ouagi and around Kobe and Akashi, coincides with the peak activity of the Black Sea bream, exposing the first high-value marine algae of the season to the possibility of being eaten by those fish at times.
The island of Ouagi is also struggling to produce wakame seaweed as sea temperatures rise in summer.
In short, changes in the seas caused by global warming take on different manifestations that threaten the future of fishing.
Eel hunting retreat
In mid-March at the Kobe fishing port in Tarumi, a fisherman had just finished his work in the morning and arrived with his catch of sea bream and flounder.
Maida Katsuhiko, president of the Setsu Fishing Association, said: “Mid-March is supposed to be the best time to catch sand-snake babies, but we ’ re used to such a disappointing amount of fishing. ”
Sand snake hunting has fallen to one-tenth of its previous levels over the past half-century and remains at record lows.
While the season lasted for a month in Osaka Bay here, it effectively ended after just four days.
“We can no longer rely on the sand snake as a source of income, ” he sighs at a table.
The Hyogo prefectural government attributes the lack of hunting to the low amount of zooplankton on which the sand snake feeds, as well as the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients.
Advances in wastewater treatment are said to have made the water “very clean. ”
At the same time, the main reason for the sharp decline in catches in places such as Sendai Bay on the Pacific coast of Miyagi Prefecture is believed to be ocean warming.
Sand snake fish are sensitive to high temperatures, so they hide in the sand in the summer and stay dormant.
But in recent years, persistently high temperatures have made their hibernation period longer, and this may weaken the fish and reduce the laying of eggs in adult ones.
The surface temperature of the waters around Japan has increased by 1.19 degrees over the past 100 years, and an increase of about 1 degree has been observed in the Seto Inland Sea, but it is unclear if there is any link between this and the decline of the sand snake population.
Tanda Minoru, a former director of the Sittsu Fishing Association, warns that if water temperatures continue to rise, sand eels may become unable to live in the area.
The eel fishing industry is also in dire straits, with saltwater snake fishing in Hyogo down by about 7% compared to 30 years ago.
Takasago-based Iho fishing cooperative director Takatani Shigeki said: “We only catch two or three snakes a day.
In the same vein, we catch a lot of nuggets. ”
Takatani says that while higher temperatures mean less food for the small sand snake that travels to the Seto Inland Sea, it is possible that it has also made the area a more favorable environment for nagogs, who prefer warmer waters.
(Original article published in Japanese, translation from English.
Image caption: Cultivated seaweed pulled from water off Soma in Kobe in January 2022
Text by Ishizawa Nanako and Yokota Ryuyi, photo by Suzuki Masayuki, © Kobe Newspaper)
Environmental Technology Newspaper Kobe Ocean Shimbun

Ocean acidification makes it difficult for shellfish to build shells, which can have cascading effects on marine ecosystems, including those that support cuttlefish.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

The absorption of carbon dioxide by oceans causes acidification, which can harm early life stages of marine organisms, including cuttlefish.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Changes in pH can harm the early life stages of marine organisms, including cuttlefish, and can have significant consequences for their populations.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Global warming leads to ocean surface warming and acidification, which can affect the development, growth, and distribution of cuttlefish.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean warming can alter the distribution areas of some cephalopod species, including cuttlefish, and can have significant consequences for their ecosystems.

Title:

Content: Gazeta.Ru in Telegram
It turned out that the warming of the oceans spoils the vision of octopuses
University of Adelaide: Octopus eyes blurred due to heat stress
Australian biologists from the University of Adelaide found that the heating of the water of the oceans due to climate change negatively affects the vision of octopuses.
The study was published on the official website of the scientific institution.
"We found several proteins important for vision that are affected by heat stress.
One of them is a structural protein, which is found in large quantities in the lenses of the eyes of animals and retains the transparency and optical clarity of the lens, and the other is responsible for the regeneration of visual pigments in the photoreceptors of the eyes.
"Levels of both of these proteins have been significantly reduced in the face of projected ocean warming, suggesting that octopus vision is likely to deteriorate even further," explained Dr Kiaz Hua.
The eyes remain the main sense organ for octopuses.
In these animals, 70% of the brain is responsible for vision, which is 20% than in humans.
Scientists have also found that higher water temperatures accelerate the metabolism of octopuses, make them smaller and change the distribution area of some species of these mollusks.
In addition, the warm ocean has a negative effect on the reproduction of the octopus, reducing the number of eggs that spawn.
In some cases, entire broods remained unhatched, the researchers noted.
Earlier it became known that octopuses are the oldest animals with sex chromosomes.
What do you think?
Downloading

Heat stress can reduce the transparency and optical clarity of cephalopod lenses, including those of cuttlefish, which can impact their ability to survive and thrive.

Higher water temperatures accelerate octopus metabolism, making them smaller in size, and can also change their species distribution areas.

Warmer oceans can negatively affect octopus reproduction rates, reducing egg spawn numbers and causing some broods to remain unhatched.

While there is limited direct information on the impact of ocean acidification on cuttlefish, it is likely that they will be affected by the changing chemistry and temperature of the ocean, which can have cascading effects on their development, growth, and distribution.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification affects marine life and fish physiology, which could have indirect effects on cuttlefish and other cephalopods.

Title:

Content: Carbon Dioxide Makes Ocean Acidification Study Suggests Rapid Evolution Could Make Fish Easier to Deal With
March 03, 2022 17: 00
Eastern Network Television
More News Clips
Some fish can evolve rapidly to cope with ocean acidification.
(courtesy of Shutterstock)
In addition to causing climate warming, global emissions of large amounts of carbon dioxide will also cause sea water to become acidic, and marine life may be affected.
The study found that volcanic infiltration of high CO2 partial pressure, that is, high concentrations of CO2 dissolved in water, changes in the genetic transcription of fish, predict the response of wild fish to the continuous acidification of the marine environment.
The results show that some fish with faster rates of evolution may be more flexible in coping with ocean acidification, maintaining population size and diversity. One species of fish may be able to acidify the marine environment with its rapid evolution of gene molecular transcription regulation, but the population size and diversity of fish with slower rates of evolution are difficult to maintain in acidified environments.
As carbon dioxide emissions from human activities increase year by year, and the CO2 absorbed by the ocean continues to rise, causing the pH of seawater to decline and become acidic, scientists expect “ocean acidification ” on the surface of the world ’ s oceans, which may affect the physiology, growth and survival of some fish, and change some key behaviors that affect survival chances.
A team led by Celia SCHUNTER from the Faculty of Biosciences of the University of Hong Kong and the Swire Institute of Marine Science, along with foreign researchers, travelled to Papua New Guinea, the Pacific island nation, to extract the brains of six species of coral fish, including five species of finch and one species of celestial bream, from a carbon dioxide spill at the bottom of a volcano and about 500 m nearby coral reef. The organization conducts gene transcription group sequencing to understand the changes in fish gene transcription in the ocean acidification environment.
The results show that high CO2 partial pressure can cause transcription changes in genes related to circadian clock and immune function in several species, demonstrating that fish function is important in coping with acidifying environments, and that the core genes of circadian rhythms determine the 24-hour cycle of most species.
Immune-related regulation has been found in many species of fish in acidified environments, so regulation of the immune response may also be an important response to acidification, especially in nocturnal fish, which exhibit a greater proportion of immune regulation and are modulated in the opposite direction to diurnal fish.
In contrast to the fish body ’ s ability to regulate the pH value of the cells, the researchers found that the brain of the spinosus is used to maintain a large number of changes in potassium, sodium, chlorine and calcium ions that transmit signals in the carbon dioxide ooze. Corresponding changes are needed to cope with the acidification environment, but differences in the expression of related genes disappear when stress is reduced, and genes return to normal levels of expression.
Further research by the team found that this finch has evolved significantly faster than other fish over the past 15 million years, potentially giving it greater potential to adapt to environmental changes.
It is speculated that this species may have evolved molecular mechanisms to cope with future ocean acidification.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification reduces fish populations, which could impact the prey availability for cuttlefish.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Large fish species are being overfished, which could alter the predator-prey interactions and affect cuttlefish populations.

Overfishing disrupts the ocean's food chain, which could have cascading effects on the ecosystem and impact cuttlefish.

Marine food chains have more stages than terrestrial ones, making them more vulnerable to disruptions caused by ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification leads to serious ecological damage by 2050, which could have long-term effects on cuttlefish populations and the ecosystem.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

However, there is limited information available on the specific effects of ocean acidification on cuttlefish, as most studies focus on other marine species such as fish, corals, and shellfish.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Pteropod decrease due to ocean acidification can impact the food web and carbon cycle, which could have indirect effects on cuttlefish and other cephalopods.

Title:

Content: Newswise — When carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the oceans, it can make the water more acidic, which is called ocean acidification. This can make it harder for some ocean creatures, like pteropods, to build and keep their shells. Pteropods are important for the ocean environment.

Pteropods are small sea creatures, including shelled sea butterflies. Not much is known about them because of their size, and they don't survive well in captivity. A team of marine scientists studied the life cycles, abundance, and seasonal changes of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, where climate change is happening quickly.

Dr Clara Manno, a researcher at the British Antarctic Survey and the corresponding author of the study published in Frontiers in Marine Science, said that the decrease in pteropod populations in the Antarctic Ocean could have significant consequences for the food web and carbon cycle. She also said that understanding the life cycle of this important organism could help to predict the impact of ocean acidification on the Antarctic ecosystem.

Population stability essential for species survival

To study the life cycle, abundance, and seasonal variability of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, a team of marine scientists collected sea butterflies in a sediment trap, a sampling device that was anchored at a depth of 400 meters. Since observing the entire life cycle of sea butterflies in a laboratory setting is impossible, the researchers had to gather information about their spawning, growth rate, and population structure. They were able to reconstruct the sea butterflies' life cycle for a year using the samples from the sediment trap.

The scientists found that the two most commonly collected species, Limacina rangii and Limacina retroversa, have different life cycles and therefore have different levels of vulnerability to changes in the ocean. During the winter months, L. rangii, which is a polar species, can be found as both adults and juveniles, while L. retroversa, a subpolar species, is only found as adults during the winter.

Sea butterflies that exist during the coldest season are more vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification. This is because ocean water is more acidic during this season than during other times of the year due to cooler temperatures that increase CO2 dissolution in the ocean. The researchers explained that the life stages of sea butterflies during this time are more exposed and vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification.

L. rangii has a survival advantage over L. retroversa because both adults and juveniles coexist during winter, which reduces the risk of population instability if one cohort is vulnerable. In contrast, if one cohort is removed from L. retroversa, the entire population could be at risk.

Prolonged exposure is a survival challenge

The researchers pointed out that although the two species are affected differently, both are likely to suffer harm if they are exposed to unfavorable conditions for prolonged periods.

The scientists cautioned that the intensifying and prolonged events of ocean acidification overlap with the spring spawning period, posing a threat to the most vulnerable life stage, the larvae. This could endanger the future populations of sea butterflies.

The research team plans to further study the sea butterflies in the Scotia Sea to see how they would be affected by the increase in the intensity and duration of ocean acidification events. They will study multiyear sediment trap samples to identify potential changes in the life cycle that may occur due to environmental changes. Dr Jessie Gardner of the British Antarctic Survey, lead author of the study, said this will be the next step in their research.

Journal Link: Frontiers in Marine Science

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

Sea butterflies are vulnerable to ocean acidification, and their population instability risks ecosystem collapse, which could have cascading effects on cuttlefish and other marine species.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

Some fish evolve rapidly to cope with ocean acidification, which could lead to changes in predator-prey interactions and impact cuttlefish populations.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

fish becomes easy prey for other predators

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification changes fish behavior and survival chances, which could affect the prey availability and predator-prey interactions for cuttlefish.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their survival
it will alter their key behaviors

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

fish becomes easy prey for other predators

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification makes it difficult for shellfish to build shells, which could impact the prey availability for cuttlefish and other cephalopods.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Collective actions are necessary to protect the oceans and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which could help mitigate the effects of ocean acidification on cuttlefish and other marine species.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

High CO2 levels cause ocean acidification and affect marine life, including cuttlefish, which can be impacted by the changing seawater chemistry.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Increased CO2 levels make oceans acidic and decrease oxygen levels, which can have a range of effects on marine species, including cuttlefish.

Title:

Content: Scientists warn of what could lead to a “mass extinction ” of marine life that“ rivals ” the severity of the Great Death!
The Libyan Observatory Newspaper
A new study has revealed that greenhouse gas emissions could lead to mass extinctions of marine life to levels not seen since before the dinosaurs.
Researchers in New Jersey modeled the future extinction risk of marine life in all of the world's oceans under different projected climate scenarios.
If emissions are not curbed, the loss of marine species due to global warming and oxygen depletion could reverse the “Great Death, ” the most serious extinction event on Earth, by about 2100, they say.
The Great Death, known as the deadliest extinction on Earth, saw the loss of 95% of all marine species when it occurred about 250 million years ago.
It can also match other major extinction events in Earth's history, including the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous that killed the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
According to the researchers, tropical waters will face the greatest loss of biodiversity, while polar species are more at risk of extinction.
On a more positive note, experts say reversing greenhouse gas emissions could reduce the risk of extinction by more than 70 percent.
Lead author Justin Penn, at Princeton University ’ s Department of Earth Sciences, said: “The bright side is that the future is not written in stone.
The scale of the extinction we have discovered depends heavily on the amount of carbon dioxide [CO2] we release going forward.
“There is still enough time to reverse the trajectory of CO2 emissions and prevent the magnitude of warming that could cause this mass extinction. ”
The Great Death marks a period when life on Earth has never been so close to extinction without recovery, either before or after.
When carbon dioxide dissolves in the oceans, it becomes extremely acidic and the level of oxygen in the water drops, killing marine life.
Scientists have long debated theories of the cause of extinction ranging from meteorite impact to volcanoes, which could have caused climatic and environmental changes that make the Earth uninhabitable.
But in the event of the next mass extinction, history will directly blame anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
For the study, Ben and co-author Curtis Deutsch, also based at Princeton, combined existing data on marine species with climate change models to predict how changes in habitat conditions will affect their survival.
The experts compared their model to the size of the “Big Five, ” five historical mass extinctions recorded in the fossil record, among them the“ Great Death. ”
The researchers say that with global temperatures rising “as usual, ” marine life is likely to be subjected to a mass extinction that could potentially rival the size and severity of the Great Death.
Since the Great Death is the deadliest extinction event on Earth, the next marine extinction is likely to surpass the other four species.
Among the events, they found a common pattern – as the ocean warms and oxygen availability decreases, there is a clear decline in the abundance of marine life.
Water temperature and oxygen availability are key factors that will change as the climate warms due to human activity.
Warm water is not only a risk factor for species adapted to cold climates; it also contains less oxygen than cold water, slowing ocean circulation further and reducing the supply of oxygen at depth.
Paradoxically, the metabolic rates of the species increase as the water warms, and therefore the demand for oxygen rises as the supply decreases.
“Once the oxygen supply is less than what a species needs, we expect to see significant species losses, ” he said.
Experts say marine animals have physiological mechanisms that allow them to adapt to environmental changes, but only to a certain extent.
The researchers found that polar species are more likely to become extinct globally if climate warming occurs because they will not have suitable habitats to move to.
Tropical marine species are likely to be better off because they have traits that allow them to cope with warm, low-oxygen waters in the tropics.
To determine the relative importance of climate in the occurrence of extinctions, the team also compared future extinction risks from climate warming with data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on current threats to various marine animals.
They found that climate change currently affects 45% of marine species at risk of extinction, but is only the fifth most important stressor after overfishing, transport, urban development and pollution.
However, Ben said climate change could soon overcome all these stressors in importance.
"Extreme warming will lead to climate-induced extinctions, which, towards the end of the century, will compete with all current human pressures combined," he said.
The study, “Avoiding mass extinction of oceans due to climate warming, ” was published in the journal Science.
Source: Daily Mail

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification impacts fish physiology, growth, and survival, and it is likely that similar effects are seen in cuttlefish, although the specific responses are not well-documented.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

CO2 changes genetic transcription in fish, affecting survival, and it is possible that similar changes occur in cuttlefish, although more research is needed to confirm this.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

High CO2 partial pressure alters gene transcription in fish brains, and it is likely that cuttlefish may experience similar effects, although the specific impacts on their brain function are not well-understood.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Immune function is affected in fish by high CO2 levels, and it is possible that cuttlefish may also experience immune system changes in response to ocean acidification.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Circadian clock genes change in fish due to high CO2, and it is likely that cuttlefish may experience similar disruptions to their internal rhythms, although more research is needed to confirm this.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Fish regulate immune response to cope with acidification, and it is possible that cuttlefish may have similar mechanisms to cope with the changing seawater chemistry, although the specific details are not well-documented.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Some fish species evolve faster to adapt to environmental changes, and it is possible that cuttlefish may also be able to evolve in response to ocean acidification, although more research is needed to understand their adaptive capacity.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Rapid evolution helps fish maintain population size and diversity, and it is likely that similar evolutionary changes may occur in cuttlefish populations in response to ocean acidification, although more research is needed to confirm this.

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Acidic oceans can have a range of effects on marine life, including decreased oxygen levels, which can impact the survival and reproduction of cuttlefish and other species.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Climate change affects 45% of marine species at risk of extinction, including cuttlefish and other cephalopods, which are likely to be impacted by ocean acidification and other environmental changes.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Reversing greenhouse gas emissions can reduce extinction risk by 70%, which could help to protect cuttlefish and other marine species from the impacts of ocean acidification.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?