The Italian government has drafted a bill to ban the English language in public communications, imposing a fine of up to 100,000 euros for language rule violation.

This bill aims to promote the Italian language and culture, requiring job applications to be in the Italian language, and allowing foreign words only if impossible to translate.

The Italian government seeks to protect and nurture the Italian language through this language purification legislation, which must be approved by both houses of parliament to pass.

In Russia, the government has submitted a bill to protect the Russian language from foreign words, implying control over officials' and citizens' use of literary language.

The bill introduces the concept of normative dictionaries to fix modern Russian literary language norms, with exceptions for foreign words without Russian analogues.

The Russian government aims to limit the use of English loanwords in official languages, with the goal of preserving the Russian language and promoting national cultural values.

The law in Kazakhstan allows Russian as an official language, alongside the state language, and there is a law that prohibits the use of foreign words with Russian analogues in official events and documents.

In India, there is a proposal to rename some laws from English to Hindi and Sanskrit, such as the Indian Penal Code, which may be renamed Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.

However, this proposal has been met with opposition from lawyers, who argue that it violates Article 348 of the Constitution, which states that bills introduced in parliament must be in English.

The Russian government has adopted a law to limit foreign words in the language, protecting the Russian language from excessive foreign borrowing, with mandatory linguistic examination for draft regulations.

The law introduces the concept of normative dictionaries to fix modern Russian literary language norms, with exceptions for foreign words without Russian analogues.

The Federation Council has approved a law to restrict foreign words in the Russian language, introducing the concept of modern literary language norm, with exceptions allowed for no Russian-language analogues.

The law applies to the education and media sectors, with officials allowed to use borrowings in certain cases, and state systems able to use foreign words with exceptions.

The Russian government aims to limit foreign word use by 2025, with ministries setting criteria for unjustified word use, and the Ministry of Statistics counteracting excessive foreign vocabulary.

The Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service are involved in limiting foreign words, with annual reports on progress to be submitted to the government.

In Egypt, a law has been passed to protect Arabic language and national identity, requiring shop owners to change signs to Arabic and government agencies to require Arabic language tests for job applicants.

The Egyptian government aims to lead in protecting the Arabic language, like other countries, and has introduced measures such as requiring advertising to be in Arabic, with foreign languages optional.

The UAE has launched a declaration to enhance the status of the Arabic language, which is intrinsic to Arab identity and culture, and has established ten principles to guide this effort.

Language technologies, such as machine translation and natural language processing, impact linguistic diversity and cultural identity, and can be leveraged to support language preservation and promotion efforts.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can help preserve rare languages through interaction and learning, and can break down language barriers through translation applications.

The Arabic language faces dangers from dominant global languages, and clear language policies can support Arabic language capabilities, with language technologies playing a role in regulating language use policies.

Language technologies shape language policies and regulate language use, and translation is key to preserving Arabic language and culture.

Kazakhstan's language policy aims to modernize the Kazakh language, with a goal of increasing the use of Kazakh language in public service, and a new law "On the State Language" is being developed.

Neural machine translation can help languages with fewer speakers, and machine translation systems can support language preservation efforts, with projects such as TAN-IBE exploring machine translation for minority languages.

Language influences human consciousness and perceptions, and language technologies can shape young minds through digital discourse.

Google Translate has been urged to include the Nastaliq script for the Kashmiri language, which has strong literary traditions and is spoken by 7.1 million people globally.

Google has added 24 languages to Google Translate, including Quechua and Guarani, using its Zero-Stop Machine Translation model, which enables language expansion and helps language preservation.

Translation plays a role in dialogue of civilizations, and languages play a vital role in peace and development, with multilingualism ensuring effective participation in international organizations.

The Arabic Language Academy has organized a seminar on linguistic planning in Libya, which aims to chart language development and use through legislation, and language policy monitors the linguistic situation and controls its course.

The Italian government has drafted a bill to ban the English language in public communications, imposing a fine of up to 100,000 euros for language rule violation.

Title:

Content: Italian govt drafts bill that seeks to ban English language

RomeEdited By: C KrishnasaiUpdated: Apr 01, 2023, 03:15 PM IST

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency. Photograph:(Reuters)

Story highlights

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s party has proposed legislation that seeks to prohibit public and private bodies in the country from using foreign terms, especially English, in official communications.

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule.

In order to become a law, the bill has to be approved by both houses of parliament. But there was no indication of when this might happen.

“It is not just a matter of fashion, as fashions pass, but Anglomania (has) repercussions for society as a whole,” said the text of the draft bill.

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency.

The draft also specifies that all job related applications, including names and acronyms, should be spelt out in Italian, with foreign words allowed only if they are impossible to translate.

The bill said the widespread use of English in Europe was “even more negative and paradoxical” given that Britain had quit the European Union.

The draft bill comes at a time when the incumbent far-right government takes measures to what it calls preserving the local culture.

Recently, it banned the use of laboratory-produced food to safeguard the country’s agri-food heritage.

When the Brothers of Italy party took office last October, it added the English term “Made in Italy” to the name of the industry minister, while Meloni occasionally drops foreign words into her speeches.

(With inputs from agencies)

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This bill aims to promote the Italian language and culture, requiring job applications to be in the Italian language, and allowing foreign words only if impossible to translate.

The Italian government seeks to protect and nurture the Italian language through this language purification legislation, which must be approved by both houses of parliament to pass.

In Russia, the government has submitted a bill to protect the Russian language from foreign words, implying control over officials' and citizens' use of literary language.

Title:

Content: city news Yelets, news Yelets, Yelets news, Yelets newspaper, Red banner
Better than any passport.
0 0
The Russian government has submitted to the state Duma a bill to protect the Russian language from excessive use of foreign words.
The document implies control over the observance by officials and citizens of the norms of the Russian literary language and the inadmissibility of the use of foreign words, with the exception of those that do not have common analogues in the Russian language.
"Wet feet"
by "toptalische"
Fighters for the purity of the native language waited, because the discussion about it among linguists, writers, scientists goes on constantly, then quiet, then flaring up with renewed vigor.
The initiative of the Government of Russia, which decided to wedge itself into the disputes of professionals, is quite understandable and understandable.
Today, when the United States and the entire Western world are in a rush to destroy, eradicate, wipe out all Russian, the frequent use of Anglicisms in everyday life is at least unpatriotic.
In fairness, it should be noted that borrowing from other languages is a constant process.
Lenin also proposed "to declare war on the use of foreign words unnecessarily", and the intricacies of relations and mutual accusations of Slavophiles and Westerners entered the textbooks, as well as the textbook proposals to replace other people's "galoshes" with their "wet feet", and "sidewalks" - with "toptalisches".
In the 1940s, a new wave: the struggle against cosmopolitanism suggested “for everything Russian against foreign ”, including in the language.
A printer is a printer?
Meanwhile, all – both supporters and opponents – agree that there are concepts in their native language that came after the phenomena, realities created in other countries, and therefore the words denoting them, well, not ours, but they can not do without them.
A striking example is the computer, IT technologies and everything related to them.
The word “printer ” cannot be replaced by a Russian translation from English, since“ printer ” does not mean a device for printing, but a person engaged in this process.
By the way, this phenomenon is not new: even under Peter I, who “cut through the window to Europe ”, dozens of Dutch and German words for technologies and mechanisms poured into Russia.
And in opera, many terms are borrowed from Italian and have long been part of the Russian language.
And we calmly use such words as “federation ”,“ sphere ”, “national ”,“ commission ” and many others that came from foreign languages, but are firmly entrenched in our own.
How to be
in one bow
Meanwhile, one cannot but agree with the authors of the bill: recently, the speech of deputies of different ranks, officials, political and economic experts, heads of federal and regional, and sometimes local authorities is simply replete with foreign words that have simple and understandable analogues in their native language.
And if we are almost reconciled with merchandisers (commodity scientists in our own way), then what do you think of the expression from the fashion world “in one bow ”?
The well-known vegetable has nothing to do with it: in English look - look, therefore, in Russian it is an image, appearance, look, etc. In texts related to business, "marketplace" (literally from the English place of trade), as well as "startup" (start, start, take the first steps) or "webinar" (training video conference live).
In the field of education, they like to talk about “bullying prevention ”: this word means ridicule, bullying of children at school by peers.
Increasingly, “campus ” sounds, while the translation from Latin is a familiar campus for many of us, or“ coach ” instead of the usual “coach ”,“ mentor ”.
Abilympics
with WorldSkills
I will also swing at my favorite “quest ” recently: again with the English“ game, search ”.
I do not like the sequestered budget, because it is “cut ”, but transparent is more to my liking, because it is“ open ”, “transparent ”.
And who will prove to me that “exchange of practices ” is better than the usual“ exchange of experience ”?
Or for days on TV reported about the participation of Russians in the championship "Abilympics".
You will break the language by pronouncing, although this is only a competition in professional skills among the disabled, in another way they are also called the “Olympics of opportunities ”.
From the same series, the widely distributed “WorldSkills ” (WorldSkills) is also a competition, but students studying a particular profession.
We have such competitions took place in the times of the USSR, then they were safely forgotten, and now they are back again, only in a Western manner.
And here is another illustrative example: the all-Russian social project “Agrofoodsharing ”.
We divide abracadabra into parts: agro - of course, something related to agriculture.
In English, food – food, share – share.
As a result, we get a movement of agricultural producers who want to share with other people the surplus of their crops.
The idea, of course, is good, right, but why break the language?
And finally from the sore: "solving cases." Brilliant!
In English, the word “case ” has two meanings: a briefcase, a suitcase and the second – circumstances.
Therefore, in Russian literally "the decision of circumstances" or, as the know-it-all Internet interprets, "the study of the situation and the choice of a suitable solution."
They will leave themselves
on your own?
Most likely, the desire to cleanse the language by introducing a law at the state level is an attempt to distance oneself from the West, its influence, to isolate oneself from someone else ’ s and alien mentality, lifestyle and dubious values.
However, it is not very clear what it will look like in practice: will there be lists of prohibited words and expressions or just recommendations, and addressed to high-ranking officials and other “persons in the TV ” – after all, it is with their filing that all sorts of newfangled borrowings from foreign languages often go“ to people ”.
However, a few decades ago, our teachers at the Yelets Pedagogical Institute hammered us, students, that the language is a self-cleaning system, and all harmful, fake after a while will simply disappear.
It has always been so, and I want to believe it will be so.
KSTATI:
I assume that all borrowings are from our haste, eternal saving of time even on pronunciation and writing of words.
We usually write in sms a short, indifferent “OK ”.
While in the native language for this almost a dozen words: “good ”,“ okay ”, “agree ”,“ give ”, “let ”,“ good ”, etc. No wonder there is a catch phrase: “Speech is better than any passport ”...
Tatyana SHCHERBATYKH
VRF News

The bill introduces the concept of normative dictionaries to fix modern Russian literary language norms, with exceptions for foreign words without Russian analogues.

The Russian government aims to limit the use of English loanwords in official languages, with the goal of preserving the Russian language and promoting national cultural values.

The law in Kazakhstan allows Russian as an official language, alongside the state language, and there is a law that prohibits the use of foreign words with Russian analogues in official events and documents.

Title:

Content: NEWS
NEWS
April 16, 22: 49
Politics
The President of Kazakhstan called stupidity fueling hysteria around the Russian language
Photo: kremlin.ru
President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said that the situation with the escalation of hysteria around the Russian language in the country is nonsense.
This is reported by RIA Novosti.
“The Russian language, according to the Constitution (of Kazakhstan. – Approx. ed.), is used on a par with the state language, performs the functions of the official language.
Therefore, there is no contradiction here, as it is convenient, and it is necessary to speak, "Tokayev said.
The President noted that the younger generation of the country now speaks the state, Russian, English and other languages, and this is good.
He urged the population to remain tolerant and calm in this matter.
Earlier, Vladimir Putin signed a law on the norms of the literary Russian language and the use of foreign borrowings.
It prohibits the use of foreign words, except for those that have no analogues.
We are talking about the prohibition of the use of foreign vocabulary at official events, in the circulation of documents and publications of the media.
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In India, there is a proposal to rename some laws from English to Hindi and Sanskrit, such as the Indian Penal Code, which may be renamed Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.

Title:

Content: Lawyers protest, condemn renaming of penal codes

Image used for representative purpose only
CHENNAI: One among the oldest Bar associations in the country — the Madras Bar Association (MBA)— has passed a resolution objecting to and expressing anguish over renaming the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and the Evidence Act in Hindi.
The Union law ministry has proposed to rename the IPC as Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, CrPC as Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Indian Evidence Act as Bharatiya Sakhshya.
The resolution adopted by the extraordinary general body meeting of MBA wanted the Union law ministry to reconsider the decision and restore the original names of the acts.
According to the resolution, the decision to change the names of the acts are against the provisions of the Constitution.
“It is further resolved that the suggestions/ views for the said Bills will be sent shortly to the law ministry with a request to reconsider and restore the original names of the acts,” the resolution dated August 23 said.
Meanwhile, advocates affiliated to the Madras High Court Advocates Association (MHAA), the Madras Bar Association (MBA), Women Lawyers Association (WLA), Bar Association of George Town, and Advocates of Chennai City Courts staged a demonstration demanding immediate withdrawal of the three criminal Bills introduced in the Parliament on August 11.

They alleged that the Bills have been introduced in the parliament all of a sudden without any prior announcement repealing the century old IPC, CrPC and Evidence Act.
Naming the acts in Hindi and Sanskrit amounts to violation of Article 348 (Bills introduced in the parliament shall be in English) of the Constitution, they added.
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However, this proposal has been met with opposition from lawyers, who argue that it violates Article 348 of the Constitution, which states that bills introduced in parliament must be in English.

The Russian government has adopted a law to limit foreign words in the language, protecting the Russian language from excessive foreign borrowing, with mandatory linguistic examination for draft regulations.

Title:

Content: news _ header _ top _ 970 _ 100
news _ header _ bot _ 970 _ 100
The State Duma adopted a law on the protection of the Russian language from the excessive use of foreign words
news _ top _ 970 _ 100
The state Duma in the final reading adopted a bill that should protect the Russian language from excessive foreign borrowing.
The document was submitted at the end of October last year.
It is noted that the project “emphasizes the unifying role of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state, expands and specifies the areas in which the use of the state language of the Russian Federation is mandatory. ”
The law introduces such concepts as normative dictionaries, grammars and reference books that fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as a state language.
Exceptions will be only those foreign words that do not have common analogues in the Russian language and the list of which is contained in the normative dictionaries.
Also, now there will be a mandatory linguistic examination of draft regulations for their compliance with the norms and rules of the Russian language.
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The law introduces the concept of normative dictionaries to fix modern Russian literary language norms, with exceptions for foreign words without Russian analogues.

The Federation Council has approved a law to restrict foreign words in the Russian language, introducing the concept of modern literary language norm, with exceptions allowed for no Russian-language analogues.

Title:

Content: MOSCOW, 22 feb — PRIME.
The Federation Council approved a law providing for the restriction of the use of foreign words in the Russian language with some exceptions.
It is noted that the document will fix in the Law "On the state language" the status of Russian as the language of the state-forming people, and also introduce the concept of the norm of the modern literary language.
The law proposes to establish a list of areas with strict observance of these norms, including in education and the media.
It is emphasized that officials, state and municipal information systems will be allowed to use borrowings in the absence of Russian-language analogues.

The law applies to the education and media sectors, with officials allowed to use borrowings in certain cases, and state systems able to use foreign words with exceptions.

The Russian government aims to limit foreign word use by 2025, with ministries setting criteria for unjustified word use, and the Ministry of Statistics counteracting excessive foreign vocabulary.

Title:

Content: Sat, 06
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Russia wants to limit the use of foreign words
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In Russia, they want to limit the use of foreign words.
This is reported by RIA Novosti
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In addition, the Ministry of Statistics, the Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service will begin to counteract the excessive use of foreign vocabulary in outdoor advertising.
Each year they will report to the government on the work done.

The Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service are involved in limiting foreign words, with annual reports on progress to be submitted to the government.

In Egypt, a law has been passed to protect Arabic language and national identity, requiring shop owners to change signs to Arabic and government agencies to require Arabic language tests for job applicants.

Title:

Content: Secretary of Al-Khalidin Complex for Sunrise: No nation in the world excels in its language except Arabs - Sunrise Gate
Tuesday 7 December 2021 11: 24 AM Cairo Cairo 24 °
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In your opinion..
What stage will the Egyptian team reach in the Arab Cup?
Secretary of Al-Khalidin Complex for Sunrise: There is no nation in the world that exaggerates its language except Arabs
Bassent Sharqawi
Published on: Tuesday 7 December 2021 - 11: 10 AM | Last updated on Tuesday 7 December 2021 - 11: 10 AM
We call the series Arabic.
Foreign languages dominate the population.
We don ’ t fight learning foreign languages, we insist on it.
* Major violations in advertising and we will impose the writing of signs in Arabic
* The law provides a grace period for correcting the situation
* The law preserves the national and Arab identity
"We will reverse the deterioration in the media.
And we see the wrong headlines of major newspapers.
* Not all Axis ads should be in either colloquial or English
The House of Representatives is preparing to ratify the “Protection of the Arabic Language ” bill submitted by the Arabic Language Academy (Al-Khaldeen Complex) in Cairo, in a move to preserve the prestige of the Arabic language and national identity.
Among the most important provisions of the law is the obligation of shop owners to change the signs of their shops to Arabic to avoid paying a fine, and the law requires government agencies to conduct an Arabic language test for applicants to fill government jobs.
"Al-Shorouk" interviewed Dr. Abdel Hamid Madkour, Secretary General of the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo (Al-Khaldeen Complex), to identify the most important objectives guaranteed by the draft law to protect the Arabic language and see its application in the fields of education, advertising and media in general.
Madkour says that this is not the first time that a law has been issued to protect the Arabic language, as previous but partial attempts to control road signs were made in 1957 and then in 2008 a law was issued through the People ’ s Assembly, which also relates to signs and the Council ’ s supervision of the implementation of this law.
“The aims of the law. ”
Gross violations in the media and advertising
Madkour pointed out that three years ago, the Academy considered submitting a draft law on controlling the ways of using the language, and seeks to achieve a number of objectives, including instilling the value of belonging to the Arabic language, because of the factors it faces to reduce them, especially among students of foreign languages and foreign universities where study is imposed in foreign languages other than Arabic.
He continued: "Everything is taught in Arabic except the study of the Arabic language, and it is not fulfilling his right, instead of studying history in a foreign language, which makes the student know the history of Western nations more than the history of his country."
The second goal among the objectives of the law is to preserve the national and Arab identity between the land, language, place, and religion in some cases, explaining that the Arabic language is the one that connects the people to their Arab homeland, and without it or if abandoned, the Arab contract will break down and turn into separate tribes as in the Old Testament.
Madkour added that the language must be controlled in the areas of education, and in life in general such as international conferences and forums: "There is no nation in the world that excels in its language except Arabs unfortunately, and the most prominent example is when America stipulated on Japan to speak English after the launch of nuclear bombs on it preferred the Emperor of Japan to die for speaking his people other than Japanese."
He pointed out that the third goal of the law is to correct the deterioration that is happening in the media and advertising together, expressing: "We see some major newspaper headlines with linguistic errors and this is not true, as well as administrative speeches and official statements, in addition to the appearance of many in the media who do not speak ordinary Arabic and even unqualified for decent speech.
Madkour pointed out that there are large excesses in the field of advertising in Egypt, where he stressed the need to have shops and ads in Arabic, and if the advertisement is for a foreign company, it must write its address in the language you love but under the title of the Arabic language large, and in a smaller pint and this is what the law calls for and in line with major companies that have a history and fear for their brand.
He continued: "Unfortunately, it is not right that all the ads on the axis of the city of the sixth of October are either colloquial or in English, and very little of them in Arabic and maybe it happened by chance, and sometimes I read in some newspapers ads in full English and here I wonder who addressed this announcement and we in an Arab country?!"
He says that the law requires the use of the Arabic language easy series and not the language of dictionaries, and that foreign languages should not be imposed on the people, expressing: "The people are not charged with speaking English instead of Arabic until we write ads in English or go to the bank or national airports to extract papers in English. It requires a linguistic auditor in each institution to check and correct, so that the language is written correctly.
As for scientific forums and research, Madkour said: "The service of translations must be provided to the members of the community, so that the participants understand what is being said, because the imposition of a specific language to speak is an occupation of minds and a domination of the people."
He pointed out that the law gives grace periods to amend and correct all the aforementioned situations, and then take some due measures.
"We do not fight the learning of foreign languages, but we demand and insist on learning and taking care of them to benefit from foreign scientific knowledge preceded by all, and to bring together the Hassanis to learn Arabic and foreign together, and that the Arabic language is the basic in teaching subjects that there is no scientific need to teach in English, such as geography and history.
Madkour called for attention to translations of other languages into Arabic to increase the sum of knowledge and to find those who want to learn references that help them to understand information, as well as courses must be studied in Arabic and Arabic, to increase understanding and achievement.
He stressed that the law does not fight speaking the colloquial dialect used among the people in public life: "We cannot go to the vegetable seller and talk to him in classical Arabic, which brings us into a wave of sarcasm similar to what was embodied in the old Arab cinema films and some plays, but also some of our homes should not turn to speak only English or schools oblige students to speak a foreign language."
"There are countries that have preceded us in protecting the Arabic language.
Dr. Madkour concluded: “We must cherish our Arabic language because the language is the identity of the human being, the English citizen cherishes his English and the German cherishes German, even the Frenchman when a passerby asks him in English does not respond because he wants everyone to speak French inside his homeland. ”
He continued: "Egypt must be a leader in the field of protecting the Arabic language, which was preceded by some Arab countries, because it is the most scientific and literary country and has a great position and must lead all Arabs in protecting their language, which we hope to achieve by the new law."
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The Egyptian government aims to lead in protecting the Arabic language, like other countries, and has introduced measures such as requiring advertising to be in Arabic, with foreign languages optional.

The UAE has launched a declaration to enhance the status of the Arabic language, which is intrinsic to Arab identity and culture, and has established ten principles to guide this effort.

Title:

Content: Mohammed Bin Rashid Launches UAE Declaration Of Arabic Language

DUBAI, (UrduPoint / Pakistan Point News / WAM - 19th Dec, 2021) His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, today launched the UAE Declaration of Arabic Language in the UAE Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai. The declaration was introduced in the presence of the Arab Ministers of Culture to mark the World Arabic Language Day, and in parallel with 22nd session of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Cultural Affairs in the Arab World.

His Highness Sheikh Mohammed said, "Today, I attended the Arabic Language Summit, organised by the UAE Ministry of Culture and Youth, at Expo 2020 Dubai, accompanied by the Secretary-General of the Arab League and Arab ministers of culture. The Arabic language is a language of beauty, culture, and civilisation and one summit is certainly not enough.

"We signed the UAE Declaration on the Arabic Language. It is our declaration to commit to working together to enhance the status of the language that represents our identity, culture, and science."

The declaration was launched in the presence of H.H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai; and H.H. Sheikh Maktoum bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Deputy Ruler of Dubai, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance. The event was also attended by Mohammad bin Abdullah Al Gergawi, Minister of Cabinet Affairs; Noura bint Mohammed Al Kaabi, Minister of Culture and Youth and Chair of the 22nd session of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Cultural Affairs in the Arab World; and Reem bint Ibrahim Al Hashemy, Minister of State for International Cooperation and Director-General of Expo 2020 Dubai.

The UAE Declaration of Arabic Language was signed by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum along with Ahmed Abul Gheit, Secretary-General of the Arab League, Mohamed Ould Amar, Director-General of the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organisation (ALECSO), and Noura Al Kaabi. The declaration aims to draw out a unified roadmap for various institutions in Arab countries.

Al Kaabi gave a presentation to His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum about the UAE Arabic Language Declaration and the efforts of the Ministry of Culture and Youth to preserve Arabic and enhance its presence internationally.

Al Kaabi said, "The first edition of the report on the Status and Future of the Arabic Language revealed the need for greater cooperation and better coordination between Arab nations through proper language planning and joint Arab action. Today we are taking an important step in that direction to implement the recommendations of the report by launching the UAE Arabic Language Declaration, which represents a comprehensive roadmap covering all areas related to the Arabic language."

She added, "The UAE Arabic Language Declaration is a reference for officials in Arab countries to launch initiatives and projects that preserve the Arabic language, enhance its presence globally and encourage its use among future generations. It also promotes the use of Arabic in the digital space, and associated industries while encouraging the use of technology in education and the spread of the Arabic language."

Last year, the Ministry of Culture and Youth launched a study into the status and future of the Arabic language to compile a report with the participation of 15 media organisations, 10 language universities and 18 universities around the world; 65 educational institutions from around the world contributed to the report.

The UAE Arabic Declaration entails 10 principles: 1. The Arabic language is intrinsic to our Arab identity. It links us to our history and heritage and reflects the richness and diversity of our society. Standard Arabic and its dialects interact in a unique way, which is a highlight of our civilisation, culture, literature and arts. The language is a means of communication and understanding between our people, an expression of the aspirations and dreams of our youth, a voice of their feelings, and a pillar of prosperity of our society and our economy.

2. The second principle is about the teaching and learning of the Arabic language.

Develop new methodologies of teaching and learning the language in schools and treat it as a building block for our society and economy. Work with specialised research centres to introduce modern curricula based on international best practices. Develop programmes for Arabic language teachers to enhance their skills to teach the language in a scientific way that facilitates its learning and makes it relatable and relevant to new generations.

3. The third principle covers Arabic content. The Declaration emphasised the importance of improving the quality of Arabic content on the internet as it has huge impact on the development of society. Investing in digital publishing institutions, adopting sustainable and viable business models in collaboration with governments and knowledge institutions and providing Arab users with useful and reliable content that helps them in their lives and work.

4. The fourth principle is Arabic language technology. The future requires a digital infrastructure that incorporates the use of Arabic in technology application. This will be achieved by cooperation between research centres and companies and by investing in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, machine learning models and linguistic thesaurus to build a comprehensive linguistic system that covers all aspects of this diverse language.

5. The fifth principle is about the Industries related to the Arabic language. Education, media and publishing are key partners of policy makers and economists in promoting the use of the Arabic language. There is a need to introduce developmental grants and build a sophisticated investment framework where intellectual property rights are applied to counter piracy and encourage the role of private institutions in business development, distribution and marketing of these models.

6. The sixth principle deals with the translation services. Translation has a key role in the transfer, localisation and distribution of knowledge and intercultural communication. It enriches the Arabic language with new expressions, compositions and terms influencing society, economy, education and the media. The development and investment in translation services for Arabic are necessary to enhance its contribution to knowledge on a global level.

7. The seventh principle deals with Arabic and science. The language that was in the past an incubator for research and discovery in its societies, today needs to make modern knowledge available in Arabic in order to forge a bright future for the next generation. Invest in the translation of science and research papers to make them available for our researchers and scientists and translate their work in other languages for the scientific networks to access it in other languages.

8. The eighth principle is Arabic as a global language. Arabic is one of the most widely used languages in the world and a major language of communication and a pillar of our cultural identity. It should be reinforced as a vehicle for cultural exchange, thought and knowledge by building global partnerships with academic institutions and cultural centres and supporting their education efforts globally.

9. The ninth principle is national references and policies. Arab societies need sound linguistic planning, to be drawn by governments and community institutions, to be translated into linguistic policies in the fields of education, media, and public discourse as well as industries related to the Arabic language. Cooperation between research entities in various countries to gauge its progress as per their standards.

10. The tenth and final principle is devoted to the declaration on the future of the Arabic language because Arabic is a language of the grandparents and children, which is bound to develop and change like any other living language. It is the language of religion and heritage, just as it is the language used by millions as a means of communication, a language of economy, art and science. We build on its past as we shape its future with confidence and faith. The aim is to establish modern approaches to counter the challenges and seize the opportunities that the language faces today.

Language technologies, such as machine translation and natural language processing, impact linguistic diversity and cultural identity, and can be leveraged to support language preservation and promotion efforts.

Title:

Content: Sharjah: Under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Member of the UAE Supreme Council and Ruler of Sharjah, the Emirate of Sharjah is set to host the Sharjah International Conference for Linguistic Intelligence, set to take place from October 17 to 19, 2024. Organized by American University of Sharjah (AUS) and the Emirates Scholar Center for Research and Studies,  the conference aims to explore the intersections of linguistics, artificial intelligence and cultural development.

The Sharjah International Conference on Linguistic Intelligence will serve as a premier global forum for academics, researchers and industry professionals to discuss the impact of linguistic diversity and technological advancements on community development and cultural identity. The conference will feature over 600 participants, more than 100 presentations and 20 workshops.

Her Excellency Sheikha Bodour bint Sultan Al Qasimi, President of American University of Sharjah, expressed her pride in Sharjah's hosting and sponsorship of the Sharjah International Conference for Linguistic Intelligence. She highlighted the emirate's rich history and vibrant culture and emphasized her confidence in the conference's ability to illuminate the path for researchers and experts to envision the future of linguistic learning using artificial intelligence technologies to develop cultural identity.

The announcement of the conference was made during a press conference held on the AUS campus, where a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between AUS and the Emirates Scholar Center for Research and Studies. The agreement was signed by Dr. Tod Laursen, AUS Chancellor, and Dr. Fawaz Habbal, Director-General of the Emirates Scholar and Board Member, in the presence of Dr. Firas Habbal, President of the Emirates Scholar Center and Vice Chancellor of its Board of Trustees along with the university's Board of Trustees and members of the center's Board of Trustees. This partnership will facilitate joint research initiatives, conferences and academic activities, fostering a vibrant exchange of ideas and expertise.

His Excellency Dr. Abdullah Bilhaif Al Nuaimi, Chairman of Sharjah Consultative Council , and Chancellor  of the Emirates Scholar Center for Research and Studies, emphasized the importance of this conference in providing an opportunity for the global scientific community to collaborate and innovate in areas related to human language and natural language processing technology, contributing to the development of innovative solutions and deeper understanding of the human mind and various cultures.

"This collaboration with the Emirates Scholar Center for Research and Studies represents a significant step forward in our commitment to advancing research and shaping the future landscape of academia and beyond. By pooling our resources and expertise, we aim to create impactful solutions that benefit not only our institutions but also the broader community. We are particularly excited about the potential this partnership holds for supporting vital policy areas and enhancing our network with both local and international partners," said Dr. Laursen.

Dr. Firas Habbal, President of the Emirates Scholar Center, and Vice Chairperson of its Board of Trustees, stated that the conference plays a significant role in developing policies and strategies that support progress in the fields of artificial and linguistic intelligence, as well as in promoting education and learning in these areas. He expressed his confidence in the strong scientific footprint this conference will leave in linguistic research.

Key objectives of the Sharjah International Conference on Linguistic Intelligence include promoting global dialogue on linguistic diversity, exploring the impact of AI and natural language processing on linguistic studies and advocating for policies that support linguistic diversity as a cornerstone of cultural wealth. The event will also feature dynamic sessions on AI-driven language learning tools, language preservation and multilingual communication platforms.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can help preserve rare languages through interaction and learning, and can break down language barriers through translation applications.

Title:

Content: Instead of making the Taiwanese version of ChatGPT, why not keep Hakka and Taiwanese through AI? This is the right application direction
Photo Credit: iStock
What we want you to know is
The biggest difference in the wisdom collection is that the carrier of preservation is AI. After saving these wisdom, it can always interact with you and the next generation forever. It will not be tied up like a digital collection.
Text: Cheng Shijia
WISDOM
In an AI forum the day before yesterday, the attendee asked me, “Does language still make sense? ”
Does learning still make sense? ” He is doing language education, and I can fully feel his anxiety.
I still stick to my position, when this wave of AI tsunami passes, it will be a golden age for liberal arts students and creators, provided that you have the ability to use AI naturally as hydropower, and this thing has been happening fast.
It ’ s not that I can predict the future, but I see that savvy creators have begun to embrace AI to create together.
I ’ m more optimistic about the “language ” thing.
Not to mention that a variety of translation applications have been launched, breaking down the barriers of many languages, from the perspective of cultural preservation, you can think about how much AI can help.
We are moving from the era of “digital collections ” to the era of“ smart collections. ”
AI will not destroy language, but instead save language, and soon everyone can train an AI brain at a low enough cost to feed some rare data to the brain and save our accumulated wisdom.
In the past, we said digital collections, and the next era of AI is wisdom collections.
The biggest difference in the wisdom collection is that the carrier of preservation is AI. After saving these wisdom, it can always interact with you and the next generation forever. It will not be tied up like a digital collection.
Using language as an example, we can put the world ’ s rare languages in the GPT, so that it will always save this rare language, the language will not die because of the decline in the use of the population, the best thing is that this rare language AI can always interact with you, and even teach you to learn the rare language, like ChatGPT, become a digital service, and always retain the opportunity to promote this rare language in the future.
Instead of doing the desktop version of ChatGPT, this is the right direction to apply AI.
Why not use AI to preserve Hakka and Taiwanese?
What about training Taiwanese robots, Hakka robots, and other rare languages in Taiwan at a low cost?
Every time the MRT stops, it is necessary to read all the languages at one time to almost never finish, highlighting the importance of each language to show fairness. In the future, when these languages can be permanently "wisdom", we do not need to worry about reducing the use of people, no need to rush to put these languages into compulsory courses, no need to worry about not finding teachers of rare languages, we can always retain the opportunity to learn these languages.
The digital collection preserves cold data, the wisdom of the collection preserves our future "opportunity to choose" and "avoid cultural extinction", and the significance and possibility of AI progress to culture will be much greater than the past technological progress.
This article is reproduced with permission of Cheng Sega, and the original is published here.
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The Arabic language faces dangers from dominant global languages, and clear language policies can support Arabic language capabilities, with language technologies playing a role in regulating language use policies.

Title:

Content: World Arabic Language Day: An official in ALECSO calls for "engineering the teaching of the Arabic language" through its use in various fields
World Arabic Language Day: An official in ALECSO calls for "engineering the teaching of the Arabic language" through its use in various fields
The Director of the Arabic and Translation Department of the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO), Tarek Bouatour, called for "engineering the teaching of the Arabic language" for its speakers and others through the development of clear and bold language policies that support the capabilities and competencies in the use of the language of DAD in various areas of life, especially the digital space.
During the second conference of the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) under the title "Arabic Language and Human Cultural Diversity", he pointed out that the Arabic Education Engineering Project is a cultural project that supports the use of language among its people and promotes its teaching methods in other cultures by accelerating the development of global reference frameworks for its learning and establishing a comprehensive competency test to certify the level of its learners.
He stressed the need to rethink the Arabic language on rational foundations that respect its ancient past and take into account the developments of the times and the change of time and place, which requires focusing on contemporary Arabic and Arab specialization, as well as supporting the fortunes of classical Arabic in the fields of research and writing.
The Director General of the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, Mohamed Ould Amer, said during the conference held from 20 to 21 December on the occasion of the celebration of the International Day of the Arabic Language on 18 December of each year, that achieving these goals requires coordinating and redoubling efforts to master the computing and processing of the Arabic language and employing artificial intelligence applications and major databases to facilitate their study and knowledge. And private.
He said that the development and protection of the Arabic language is through the use of its modern concepts, development, empowerment and generalization of its use in all areas of economic, educational, scientific, media and religious life, and in various spaces, in schools, universities and institutions.
For his part, Minister of Religious Affairs Ibrahim Al-Shaibi said that the Arabic language faces many dangers today as a result of the dominance of the languages of the developed world in keeping with the information revolution and the strong presence on the digital network and the cyber virtual world, denouncing the spread of the phenomenon of adopting some vulgar phrases as a communication tool in social networks, which offends the Arabic language and contributes to its decay.
The participants in the conference stressed the need to work on the education of the Arabic language, develop its teaching, improve its curricula and generalize its use in all stages of education.
They considered that the development of the Arabic language would help the Arab nation to regain its functions and cultural roles and participate humanity in achieving its cultural and economic advancement.

Language technologies shape language policies and regulate language use, and translation is key to preserving Arabic language and culture.

Title:

Content: The Arabic Language Between Attendance and Absence
Our Arab present suffers from several crises, foremost of which is the crisis of foreign intervention, which does not interfere with education and openness, but with domination and subordination, and among the manifestations of this hegemony in its best form is the linguistic hegemony that has absent our language and brought its language, as it has folded our culture with urgency and spread its culture.
The foreign language is an absent language in our society, and we do not mean the absence of its presence, because its presence is constant, but it is a prepared language that is not present, and thus remains absent because it is absent in the Arab, and absent from his conscience and imagination, and as a result must be absent from his statement.
The difficulty complained of is not because of the lack of understanding of the foreign language and not speaking it, but the difficulty lies in the inability to communicate and communicate, because the language absent from the imagination and conscience can not replace the language present in this conscience and that imagination, and therefore the difficulty complained of is inherent in the absence of foreign circulation from the conscience and imagination of the Arab, and therefore this foreign language will not be present in the statement. The list, which will be established in the control of the foreign language, will not be more than a technical and not deliberative control, that is, it deals with the language in its horizontal level only and not in its horizontal and vertical level together, as is the case in the present language.
The one who claims that Arabic is absent is sure that he did not see the reality of things, or that he was betrayed by the expression and means that Arabic is absent similar to the foreign language prepared, and as long as the language has been included here in the statement of effectiveness, either it is fighting if it is absent, or it is imposed if it is prepared, and therefore the real interaction is the statement of double interaction No language is more capable of this fruitful mating than the language present in conscience and imagination and then present in creativity and demonstration.
The concept of this is to resemble our language and to resemble our language, that is, to be our language and to be our language, and notice the harmony between the self-denoting “us ” and the self-denoting“ us ” in the self-denoting “our ” language as well, that is, I will not be me until I am who I am.
Therefore, if we are like the language of another, or in other words, if we are like his language, and assume that his language is like us, that is, we are his language, and notice the dissonance between "us" in the word "likeness" of the self and "him" in the word "his" language, the result of all this will be the same. I will not be me until I am He, He, and this for my age only stands as one who is equal to three by two, and logic can answer.
For all this, we see that the preparer of the prepared language does nothing as much as he brings the cultural action of the language, and his marginalization of the linguistic action related to it, believing that the cultural action is the mechanism capable of reproducing its model and continuing its cultural language. He is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who is the One who
And so it becomes like his language, not in terms of being present, so that the ego is equal to "I", but in terms of being absent, so that the "I" becomes "He" in a prior stage, and then "He" becomes "He" into "He", so that in all cases, this sunset may resemble his language, despite his constant quest to disengage from this likeness because of alienation. He is the only one who can do it, and he is the only one who can do it, or he can do it.
The absence of the Arabic language is not due to weakness in the origin of the language as some claim or to its inability to keep pace with the times as others claim, but it is related to the dominant civilizational conflict, which does not seek anything to weaken the models that can match or exceed it in the days, to be sure that this civilizational opponent of the factors of cultural strength, attested by its linguistic reality. For beginners as well as specialists.
Revolutions based on the act of translation are painful for the enemies of Arabic in particular, and therefore we still hear voices within the Arab world that reject all upgrading of this act, but rather minimize and despise it by canceling the material of translation in many schools and institutions and coming to its people in universities and questioning its ability to transfer contents of knowledge and information.
As witnessed by its global reality, geography and culture, as it turned out in concrete terms that all societies that drew the language of others educationally and institutionally only increased backwardness and dependence, and that societies that learned the language of others but did not take it as a means of teaching were able to progress and prosper.
We will not find the example of Japan as a witness to this, as it did not overload its language, but defended its presence and accomplished every act of absenteeism that can be practiced on it, so it commissioned a selection of intellectuals to learn the languages of others, and then translate their useful knowledge to successive Japanese generations, the act of translation was a means to acculturation, learning and development with self-preservation from melting.
This act of translation is the shield with which our language, culture and civilization should face the ostracism of closure and non-openness, because it is openness with the preservation of the minor and the major identity, the preservation of the minor identity by retaining the language of conscience and creativity, and the preservation of the major identity by keeping the windows open to renew ventilation and benefit from the wisdom of the worlds, but without demolishing walls and denying foundations.
This Japanese acculturation based on the act of translation is the same done by the Arab and Islamic civilization when it ruled the world, as it worked hard to translate the Greek, Indian and Persian knowledge into its language and increased its creativity and giving until it became the language of civilization, culture and knowledge that does not enter science without mastery of it, and from it became the nations that want to develop into their languages to maintain their identities and incubation And see her too.
Therefore, we continue to hear voices within the Arab world that reject all promotion of this act, and even minimize and despise it by canceling the translation material in many schools and institutions and coming to its people in universities and questioning its ability to transfer the contents of knowledge and information, and other evasiveness that deliberately put obstacles in the face of the act of translation.
The truth is that there is nothing worse than this act in underestimating the value of man as a free being, as the vilification practiced by the enemies of Arabic on the act of translation, as an act that preserves the language of the nation its being and existence, and the nation its civilization and presence, as it is vilifying the Arab mind by inserting it into a spiral of theoretical categories to distract it from observing historical facts as we pointed out in the Arab and Islamic experience. We nodded to it in the modern Japanese experience.
In conclusion, it is necessary to insist on the development of our Arabic language, for despite the factors of strength that it has in terms of the language of the Islamic religion, which unites more than one and a half billion Muslims, all of them pray in Arabic, pray in it and read the Holy Quran in it, and by it they praise and remember and practice their religious rituals in general, so it is impossible to imagine a Muslim, even if he is not Arab race. The former religious rebuke.
Also, the Arabic language is a unifying means that matches religion and surpasses it in unifying the various races and nationalities that exist in the Arab space, even if they are not Muslim, because of the success of communication between them all because of the unity factor of the language, which is Arabic.
This is in addition to its distinguished presence in international organizations such as UNESCO, the United Nations and its institutions, the League of Arab States and its branches and other international organizations, and this distinguished presence also stands out in the visual and written media despite the many demolition attempts that seek to hide them from the global space.
This distinguished presence did not stop at the borders of the famous Arab channels, but exceeded it to the Western media channels, including the American, British, Russian, French and other news agencies.
All this is attested to by the many newspapers and magazines printed in Arabic and distributed by millions inside and outside the Arab world.
By mentioning the outside, we can refer in this context to another factor of strength of this language, which is its presence as a language of teaching in many Western universities through scientific institutes for the Arab and Muslim communities, and there are other factors that are not here to expand the mention, analysis and study.
In spite of all these manifestations that make Arabic present and alive, it is necessary to take its hand in order to be able to keep up with the world and the worlds, by strengthening its presence in the digital world, and enabling it to manage the technologies of networks and communications. Impact and impact with the need to note the difference of course between the nature of the religious and the nature of the digital data in a systematic, constructive and polarizing manner.
Then it is necessary to reconsider the lists that collect the linguistic balance of Arabic, by renewing the consideration of the composition of the Arabic dictionary in order to preserve the Arabic current and keep up with it, whether at the level of the way of arranging words, the way of explaining terms or at the level of evoking maqām and contexts and the methodology of employing citations.
It is no secret that the development of the Arabic language is no longer the work of individuals alone, but rather the work of universities, laboratories and graduate courses, and the consensus is that Arabic needs institutional work based on institutions that combine their efforts to serve this development and that keep pace.
If we talk about the institutionalization of the language, we must insist on providing a legislative and legal structure by which to protect our language from any violation, pejorative or dwarfism, including the law of respect for the Arabic language in public spaces, like many developed countries.
The institutionalization of the language requires the institutions of the Arabic language to convince all social actors of the usefulness of this language economically, politically and safely, so that each actor contributes to the preservation of this language as a means of profit, a means of management and a means of preserving the safety and security of society.
At the economic level, for example, we can talk about linguistic capital, for printing a book in Arabic is a great profit, because the space for publishing, presenting, receiving and selling it is very wide, extending from Rabat to Jakarta, while printing it in slang or other foreign languages makes it confined to the narrow geographical area in which these dialects or foreign languages live, and the investor and profit shady to manage.
The Arabic language has the status of a fingerprint that distinguishes every human being, because no matter how we adopt the language of others, we have become more detached from ourselves, because the circulation in which the Arab grew up has its own way of dealing with existence and looking at it, which is of course different from the circulation in which the non-Arab grew up. The courses that produce the second circulation, hence the different contents and ways of dealing with the meanings that characterize the civilizational and cultural character of each nation.

Kazakhstan's language policy aims to modernize the Kazakh language, with a goal of increasing the use of Kazakh language in public service, and a new law "On the State Language" is being developed.

Title:

Content: What will be the language policy of Kazakhstan
Photo: Zakon.kz
The Ministry of Science and Higher Education has developed a draft "Concepts for the development of language policy".
Current situation
The current language situation shows that the number of speakers of the Kazakh language is growing.
According to official data, among the Turkic-speaking peoples, 72% of Uzbeks, 71.7% of Uighurs, 58.5% of Kyrgyz speak Kazakh at the level of colloquial speech, and 12% speak Kazakh at a high level.
Among the Slavic diaspora, 25.1% of Russians, 23.7% of Ukrainians, 22.8% of Belarusians, 22.1% of Poles, as well as 25.2% of representatives of the German diaspora understand the spoken Kazakh language.
Among these diasporas, the share of reading and professionally writing in the Kazakh language is 2.9%.
These quantitative changes still require an improvement in the quality of the use of the state language.
According to the results of the National Census, the population aged 5 years and older (13,768,406 people (80%) speak the state language, of whom 8,472,661 (49.3%) speak daily life.
This indicator demonstrates that the majority of the population understands the oral Kazakh speech, reads and writes freely.
Problems in the implementation of language policy:
• in some areas of society, the state language is not fully used in accordance with its regulatory and legal status;
• in connection with the development of texts of laws in the original and other documents in the Russian language with subsequent translation, impede the functioning of the state language and the full disclosure of its potential;
• in the implementation of language policy, the opportunities of the state language to become the leading language in the field of public service, in the field of services and so on are not fully used;
• the language policy does not define mechanisms for increasing the need for the state language;
• language policy does not take into account demographic processes in the country, the characteristics of regions, the composition of nations;
• some non-governmental organizations do not have an option of official Internet resources in the state language;
• in all spheres of public relations, the request of consumers to request a document in the state language is not satisfied;
• The current legislation on the language requires amendments and additions to it, since the problem of the state language is not solved at the proper level.
Vision of language policy development
Modern language policy should be aimed at modernizing the Kazakh language on the basis of Latin graphics, further improving language culture, as well as developing the language capital of citizens, ensuring the full activity of the Kazakh language as the state language.
The development of language policy is based on the following strategic principles:
• a full-fledged activity is carried out to expand the use, improve the culture of the state language in all spheres of society;
• strengthening the normative base of the Kazakh language as the state language;
• strengthening the status of the Kazakh language as a language of interethnic communication;
• improving the use of the Kazakh language as a language of international communication;
• introduction of the practice of adopting the law in the Kazakh language;
• priority will be the further development of scientific and practical foundations of Kazakh terminology as the basis of the language of science and records management in the state language and implemented a set of measures;
• projects aimed at digitalization of Kazakh linguistics are being implemented;
• State support will be provided in the study of the state language and languages of ethnic groups and the organization of training courses;
• implementation of language reform on the basis of the new Latin alphabet;
• the level of proficiency in the Kazakh language in organizations of the state and non-state sector is monitored and improved;
• a requirement will be introduced requiring civil servants to speak the Kazakh language;
• a set of measures aimed at the development of the language capital of citizens is being implemented.
In this regard, the objectivity of the need to develop new conceptual solutions that meet the requirements of modernity is emphasized.
The main approaches to the implementation of language policy
1.
Language policy and demography
The share of the population using the Kazakh language in everyday life is different in the republic, which still requires systematic work in this direction.
To establish the language balance in the republic, for the purpose of competent writing of documents, proper management of office work, a schedule for the phased transfer of office work in state bodies into the state language in the context of regions is approved.
2.
Language and public service
The issue of including the criterion for the preparation of documents in the state language in the rating of calculating the effectiveness of civil servants will be considered.
During the reporting meeting, the heads of central state bodies, especially when visiting remote settlements, when delivering reports on dialogue platforms with the population in the state language, priority is given to the state language.
During the implementation of the Concept, requirements will be developed that oblige civil servants to speak the Kazakh language.
At the same time, the main working language of the public service will be the state language
3.
Non-governmental organizations
The question of the state language, which has become one of the most discussed, especially in places of service of the population (trade, food, maintenance, etc.), will be devoted to a new mechanism of solution.
The issues of launching the version of all electronic databases in the financial sector in the state language on 1C: Accounting will be worked out.
A hotline service will be created at local executive bodies to ensure public participation and take prompt measures to protect the purity of the language, prevent non-compliance with the norms of the literary language, violations of the lexical and grammatical rules of the Kazakh language in advertising, at public catering facilities.
An important issue is the development of a special law "On the State Language", which is a factor in strengthening the identity of Kazakh society, taking into account linguistic, ethno-demographic and political conditions.
This law provides ample opportunities for clearly establishing the status of the Kazakh language as the state language, determining the scope of its use, increasing the culture of use.
Work on the formation of prerequisites for the adoption of the law will be carried out in stages.
Improving the spelling rules of the Kazakh language
Work will be carried out to unify words with various variations, to unify the writing of complex words and complex names by making additions and changes to the current rules of spelling of the Kazakh language.
The electronic version of the current spelling and punctuation rules is provided for general availability.
It is envisaged that competence will be transferred to the authorized body in the field of language development for approval of the standard of the existing spelling rules by the regulatory legal act.
The main directions of transition to the Latin script
Language planning involves the adoption of a new Kazakh alphabet based on the Latin script and its spelling in accordance with the relevant regulatory documents.
When justifying the existing rules of spelling of the Kazakh language, additions and changes will be made to the new alphabet.
Scientific and methodological substantiation of spelling rules will be compiled.
In addition, a standard for setting the order of alphabetic characters on the keyboard will be approved.
Relevant versions of normative legal acts aimed at ensuring the availability of information in the Kazakh language, the Kazakh-language interface and Kazakh letters on products such as computers, keyboards, mobile phones and other technical means, on medical, production equipment, cash registers imported into the territory of Kazakhstan and manufactured in the country will be developed and adopted.
A step-by-step translation of the Kazakh alphabet to the Latin script will be carried out.
Gradually, educational organizations will be transferred to the Latin script.
Development of orthological means of the Kazakh language based on the alphabet based on the Latin script
Guides will be developed for different groups of consumers (schoolchildren, editors, broadcasters, politicians, trade managers, copywriters and speechwriters, academics, the public, etc., depending on the level of demand).
For the examination, discussion, approval of the results of reforms relating to the Kazakh script, it is envisaged to create an interdepartmental expert body - a spelling commission.
Regulation of onomastic space based on the Latin alphabet
After the approval of the Kazakh alphabet based on the Latin script, on its basis, the issue of standardization of names of the corresponding onomastic spatial physical and geographical objects, administrative-territorial units and their component parts in connection with their uniform writing will be considered.
Measures will be implemented to popularize new names, bring international names and city codes in line with Latin names (in particular, in the field of air and rail communication), ensure the correct writing of toponymic names on maps in cross-border regions.
Updated onomastic names will be introduced into widely used maps (Google, Yandex, 2gis), as well as navigation tools.
At the initial stage of the translation of the Kazakh alphabet into the Latin script (at least 5 years), the Kazakh alphabet on the modern Cyrillic script will be conducted in parallel with the alphabet on the Latin script.
The modern alphabet will gradually be phased out in accordance with the roadmap for the phased transfer of the Kazakh alphabet to the Latin script (action plan), the schedule for the phased transfer of educational organizations to the Latin script.
Improving the methodology of language teaching
It is important to improve the quality of language teaching using the capabilities of modern information technologies.
Measures to attract scientists in connection with improving the methodology, improving the methodological skills of teachers, exchanging experience, and stimulating will also be considered.
Of particular importance is the issue of improving the qualifications of methodologists and teachers of educational centers teaching the state language of citizens working in various spheres of society.
The developers of the project see the following ways to increase the effectiveness of the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language
1.
Formation of a special general base of systematization of scientific and educational-methodical works on the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language.
2.
Organization of mass open online courses "Kazakh tili".
3.
Organization of internships and courses that improve the qualifications of teachers and methodologists teaching the Kazakh language.
4.
Increasing the number and improving the quality of textbooks, teaching aids and other products for students of the Kazakh language.
The system of teaching the Kazakh language
A system of language teaching will be developed, starting with school-age children and ending with adults.
The system includes two directions.
First, a general state system of language teaching is being created.
Secondly, in accordance with this system, curricula and educational and methodological complexes of new content will be formed, as well as modern teaching technologies, and the scientific and methodological potential of teachers and teachers will be increased by improving the quality of language teaching from schoolchildren to adults.
The use of a voucher when teaching citizens the state language
According to the results of the study, 1,025,270 (8.1%) of adult respondents do not speak the state language (2.5% do not speak Kazakh at all, 5.6% understand some words).
For this category of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the project "Language Voucher" favorable conditions will be created for free study of the Kazakh language.
The voucher will be used as an effective means of education, professional development, retraining courses.
Improving the methods of teaching the language of citizens with special needs
A curriculum and programmes will be developed to improve language teaching methods for persons with special educational needs.
It provides for the training of trainers, the training of teachers with special qualifications, teaching citizens with hearing and speech impairments.
The issues of developing materials for the training of sign language interpreters in the Kazakh language, the release of teaching aids for citizens with special educational needs, created by a special tactile point relief font, large font and Braille, including taking into account recognized international practices, will be discussed.
It is planned to create a service for voicing printed texts in the Kazakh language.
Language Training Centers
For free education of the adult population, Kazakh, Russian and English language courses will continue to work in state language training centers.
In order to increase the status and wages of teachers of language training centers, amendments will be made to the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 31, 2015 No. 1193 "On the system of remuneration of civil servants, employees of organizations maintained at the expense of the state budget, employees of state-owned enterprises" (by increasing the level of the correction coefficient).
Expanding the scope of the state language
Work will continue on clarifying the requirements of the legislation on languages, providing methodological assistance to business entities in terms of placing requisites and visual information.
To expand the scope of application of the state language, to provide support to individuals and legal entities in conducting their activities (naming objects), it is planned to create a dictionary of names in the Kazakh language (the base "korneki.kz").
Enhancing the language culture of society
To comply with the language norm, it is necessary to unify language means, orthoepic, orthographic, lexico-phraseological, grammatical (morphological, syntactic, word-formation) norms.
The availability of language tools developed in this direction to the society will be considered.
Through social networks, published materials related to language in social networks will be monitored, work will be carried out to disseminate quotes from famous people, public figures, bloggers, people who actively use the social network, increase their recognition by the population, motivate them to work for the benefit of society, and provide support.
Work will be carried out on the publication of industry dictionaries, collections of sayings, proverbs, children's books, works of fiction, foreign prose in the Kazakh language.
Once every two years, a sociolinguistic study of topical problems of the Kazakh culture of speech will be conducted in the republic, concerning the observance of traditional norms of the national literary language, determining the main trends in its development, generalization and systematization of linguistic knowledge about the characteristics of new norms and communicative qualities of the word.
Activation of the use of the Kazakh language as a language of science
To increase the functionality of the language of science, work will be carried out to intensify the use of Kazakh terms, systematize borrowed terms when they are assimilated.
Specialists with the formed competence of the language of science will be trained, quantitative and qualitative indicators of scientific works in the state language will be increased, foreign scientific works in the Kazakh language will be available and terms will be unified.
Increasing the share of content in the Kazakh language
The development of high-quality products in the Kazakh language, able to meet the demand of children and adolescents of preschool and school age, where the level of digital literacy is growing every year, will allow in the future to solve the problem of lack of mastering the Kazakh language by young people.
Given that society needs separate group, situational games in the Kazakh language, focused on virtual-cognitive, intellectual, didactic, entertaining, the state should provide maximum support.
This will give a new impetus to the transition of the language of IT-technologies to the Kazakh language.
Group games in the Kazakh language will be developed based on popular game scenarios.
To ensure the availability of the interface of foreign games in the Kazakh language, communication with developers is established and experience is exchanged.
In order to fill the YouTube video hosting with high-quality Kazakh-language children ’ s content, cartoons and series will be selected and duplicated.
Key expected results by 2029:
1.
The share of the Kazakh-speaking population in the republic is 84%.
2.
The proportion of the population speaking three languages is 32 per cent.
3.
The proportion of the population enrolled in courses in the new alphabet and spelling rules is 15 per cent.
4.
The share of office work of central state and local executive bodies in the state language is 94%.
5.
The share of the terminological fund based on the rules of spelling of the Latin alphabet of the Kazakh language (with an increasing result) is 40%.
The project is posted on the Open NPA portal for public discussion until April 25, 2023.
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Neural machine translation can help languages with fewer speakers, and machine translation systems can support language preservation efforts, with projects such as TAN-IBE exploring machine translation for minority languages.

Title:

Content: 7/5/23 · Culture

A neural machine translation system for all the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula

A project coordinated by the UOC will apply neural machine translation to Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician, Asturian, Aragonese and Aranese
Joining in the digital revolution could help encourage the use of languages with fewer speakers

Neural network-based translation systems are trained on the basis of millions of sentences in one language with their translation into another

Recent years have seen an explosion in the number and effectiveness of machine translation technologies. Thanks to artificial intelligence, we all carry in our pockets powerful tools that can easily translate any of the most widespread languages. But what happens with those with fewer speakers and resources? How can an AI get to "learn" them? For the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, the answer may lie in transfer learning and multilingual system training.

The Neural Machine Translation for the Languages of the Iberian Peninsula (TAN-IBE) project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, coordinated by the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) and involving the universities of Oviedo, Lleida and Zaragoza, explores the most effective techniques for training machine translation systems based on neural networks (a type of AI), applied to seven of the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula: Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician, Asturian, Aragonese and Aranese.

An AI that transfers knowledge between languages

Neural network-based translation systems are trained on the basis of millions of sentences in one language with their translation into another. This is what is known as parallel corpora, vast datasets available in two languages. Once the neural network has been trained, it is able to effectively translate any text in these languages. The problem is that, whilst with languages such as Spanish and Portuguese it is easy to find these parallel corpora, with those languages that have less material available, such as Aranese, Aragonese and Asturian, it is hard to find enough data to train the artificial intelligence.

"The good thing is that neural systems can learn things about a language from another, similar language," explained Antoni Oliver, member of the UOC's Faculty of Arts and Humanities and researcher at the Linguistic Applications Inter-University Research Group (GRIAL-UOC), which is coordinating the TAN-IBE project. "That's why we've chosen Romance languages. The process needs to be able to learn by transfer, using a model between two languages to construct the translation system between another two. So, for example, when it's completed, the Spanish/Aranese translation tool will have done some of its learning from the Spanish/Catalan or the Spanish/Portuguese systems."

The construction of the translation model is not the only goal of this research project. It also seeks to:

  • Compile parallel and monolingual corpora for the seven featured Romance languages, with a particular focus on Asturian, Aragonese and Aranese.
  • Explore new techniques for the training of neural machine translation systems. In addition to transfer learning, the project will study multilingual machine translation, self-supervised machine translation and unsupervised machine translation.
  • Train neural machine translation systems between Spanish and the rest of the project's languages, in both directions.
  • Train multilingual systems able to translate from and into all the project's languages.
  • Create guides and scripts to help train neural machine translation systems in general and, more specifically, for the project's languages.
  • Publish the project's results with open licences. This includes the corpora, the machine translation models and engines, and the guides and scripts.

"Broadly speaking, the project comprises, firstly, compiling all the corpora for those languages with less material (Asturian, Aragonese and Aranese) and, secondly, training the translation systems," added Oliver. "The end result of the project will be both the open publication of the resources, insofar as this is possible, and the creation of a free-to-use neural machine translation system."

Agreements and studies to promote minority languages

The first part of the project is taking place outside of a lab environment. To obtain the data required to train the artificial intelligence models, there is a need to compile as much material as possible for Asturian, Aragonese and Aranese. "That's why this first phase focuses on securing agreements with regional governments, universities and publishers to provide the materials for creating the parallel corpora to train the neural system," said Oliver.

In this regard, recently saw the inking of an agreement with the Government of Asturias on assigning the entire corpus of texts translated from Spanish into Asturian held by its Directorate General of Language Policy. The agreement also stipulates that, if the Government of Asturias so requests, it can gain access to the technological and linguistic developments achieved by the TAN-IBE project for use in its own possible machine translation projects.

"Ultimately, our goal with this project is to help promote the use of these languages with fewer resources and foster more publishing in them," said Oliver. "For example, all laws could be published in two languages, quickly and efficiently, using fewer resources, although a human review would always be required. What's more, those who don't dare to use these languages because they don't feel confident enough can use these tools as support for improving their texts. Lastly, languages like Asturian, Aragonese and Aranese need to be included in digital technologies. If not, they may start disappearing and be forgotten."

This UOC research helps foster achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goal 4, Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

PID2021-124663OB-I00 project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ERDF, EU.

Press contact

Rubén Permuy
rpermuy@uoc.edu
+34 659 05 42 39

UOC R&I

The UOC's research and innovation (R&I) is helping overcome pressing challenges faced by global societies in the 21st century by studying interactions between technology and human & social sciences with a specific focus on the network society, e-learning and e-health.

Over 500 researchers and more than 50 research groups work in the UOC's seven faculties, its eLearning Research programme and its two research centres: the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and the eHealth Center (eHC).

The university also develops online learning innovations at its eLearning Innovation Center (eLinC), as well as UOC community entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer via the Hubbik platform.

Open knowledge and the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development serve as strategic pillars for the UOC's teaching, research and innovation. More information: research.uoc.edu.

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Language influences human consciousness and perceptions, and language technologies can shape young minds through digital discourse.

Title:

Content: Language, language and language, why?
Because it is the most influential tool in human action.
Can we say that language is the basic act and expression of humanity throughout history?
Yes, linguistic discourse, regardless of its different methods, purposes and objectives, is in the end a means of communication for any issue or subject; therefore, language was a communication performance transient to all things, whether in the world of man or other creatures.
Language is an act through which man can practice all kinds of creativity, and through which he can object and reject all the vocabulary of reality.
From this it seems that “the question of language is a question in its symbolic dimension and its many connotations, and if language as a human feature is a sign of the unity of man, the difference of tongues and the multiplicity of levels of speech is what refers to the multitude in it. A new dimension and unites under it in order to achieve human communication in the social dimension, especially since language is a symbolic structure through which we mean the world, and it mediates the relationship with the other either link or separation according to the ways of its employment and reveals my existence to the world as a symbolic entity and a linguistic existence so that the residence of man in the natural world becomes residence in the symbolic world.
Language has become an influential and central actor in all issues; it is a multi-purpose speech, language can form the consciousness and perceptions of many ideas, language is the only vessel that can contain and express any issue.
Language may be a means and it may exercise its powers over us and we do not know when it exercises its stubbornness and multiple powers that emerge from its structure full of significance.
In light of digitization and the transformation of language into an effective performer in the digital world, language can be a positive or negative behavior that exercises its powers over the younger generations that have become a vessel for receiving all that is thrown at them, especially in the consuming nations.
The link between language and psychology under digitization is one of the inseparable paths, and the communication of language to the mind cannot be separated from the influence of that language on the mind.
The young mind is facing a terrible digital linguistic discourse that is shaping it and building its vocabulary accurately in all aspects, behavioral issues such as autism, behavior modification and speech are all the products of a digital language that interacted with the structure of the flat mind – white blank – in which nothing but this digital language was engraved.
If this is the reality that seems around us, we need to immunize children and young people against the negative digital language discourse and error that seeks to destroy a range of important issues, including values and ethics, and the behavior of these children towards themselves and the society around them.

Google Translate has been urged to include the Nastaliq script for the Kashmiri language, which has strong literary traditions and is spoken by 7.1 million people globally.

Title:

Content: Google Translate urged to include Nastaliq : The Tribune India

Google Translate urged to include Nastaliq

Photo for representational purpose only. - File photo

Our Correspondent

Srinagar, November 13

Adbi Markaz Kamraz (AMK), the prominent literary organisation of Jammu and Kashmir, has launched an online petition urging Google to incorporate the approved script Nastaliq for the Kashmiri language into its translation services. AMK president Amin Bhat reported a remarkable response to the online petition, expressing optimism that Google Translate would consider their request. Bhat, also a renowned playwright, emphasised the crucial role of technology in preserving language, citing the need to connect the tech-savvy younger generation with the cultural heritage.

“Our constitution drafted in 1971 aspired for the introduction of Kashmiri at the university and college level and its adoption as the official language of J&K. Today, with tireless efforts, that dream is a reality. Similarly, language preservation is now reliant on technology,” stated the AMK president.

The online petition highlighted that over 7.1 million people globally speak Kashmiri, emphasising its ancient roots, strong literary traditions spanning eight centuries, and its contribution to human values, peace, interfaith harmony and literature.

Nastaliq, derived from the Persian words means superscription and style, is a script used for writing several languages, including Urdu and Kashmiri. It is a calligraphic script that originated in the 14th century in the Persian script tradition.

The literary organisation expressed eagerness to collaborate with Google, offering linguistic resources, expert support and a prescribed grammar to expedite the process. Highlighting the economic significance of Kashmiri as a currency language in J&K, the petition underscored that its inclusion in Google Translate would facilitate trade, commerce and daily transactions, contributing to the economic empowerment of millions.

The petition urged Google to initiate a dialogue with the Kashmiri community for the same.

#Google #Jammu #Kashmir #Srinagar

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Google has added 24 languages to Google Translate, including Quechua and Guarani, using its Zero-Stop Machine Translation model, which enables language expansion and helps language preservation.

Title:

Content: Google gets more multilingual, but will it get the nuance?

Caption
FILE - A student colors in a fox during during Quechua Indigenous language class focusing on animal names at a public primary school in Licapa, Peru, Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021. About 10 million people speak Quechua, but trying to automatically translate emails and text messages into the most widely spoken Indigenous language family in the Americas was nearly impossible before Google introduced it into its digital translation service Wednesday, May 11, 2022. The internet giant says new artificial intelligence technology is enabling it to vastly expand Google Translate’s repertoire of the world’s languages, adding 24 more this week including Quechua and other Indigenous South American languages such as Guarani and Aymara. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia, File)

About 10 million people speak Quechua, but trying to automatically translate emails and text messages into the lingua franca of the Inca Empire was nearly impossible before Google introduced it into its digital translation service Wednesday

LIMA, Peru (AP) — About 10 million people speak Quechua, but trying to automatically translate emails and text messages into the most widely spoken Indigenous language family in the Americas was long all but impossible.

That changed on Wednesday, when Google added Quechua and a variety of other languages to its digital translation service.

The internet giant says new artificial intelligence technology is enabling it to vastly expand Google Translate’s repertoire of the world’s languages. It added 24 of them this week, including Quechua and other Indigenous South American languages such as Guarani and Aymara. It is also adding a number of widely spoken African and South Asian languages that have long been missing from popular tech products.

“We looked at languages with very large, underserved populations," Google research scientist Isaac Caswell told reporters.

The news from the California company’s annual I/O technology showcase may be celebrated in many corners of the world. But it will also likely draw criticism from those frustrated by previous tech products that failed to understand the nuances of their language or culture.

Quechua was the lingua franca of the Inca Empire, which stretched from what is now southern Colombia to central Chile. Its status began to decline following the Spanish conquest of Peru more than 400 years ago.

Adding it to the languages recognized by Google is a big victory for Quechua language activists like Luis Illaccanqui, a Peruvian who created the website Qichwa 2.0, which includes dictionaries and resources for learning the language.

“It will help put Quechua and Spanish on the same status,” said Illaccanqui, who was not involved in Google's project.

Illaccanqui, whose last name in Quechua means “you are the lightning bolt,” said the translator will also help keep the language alive with a new generation of young people and teenagers, “who speak Quechua and Spanish at the same time and are fascinated by social networks.”

Caswell called the news a “very big technological step forward" because until recently, it was not possible to add languages if researchers couldn't find a big enough trove of online text — such as digital books, newspapers or social media posts — for their AI systems to learn from.

U.S. tech giants don't have a great track record of making their language technology work well outside the wealthiest markets, a problem that's also made it harder for them to detect dangerous misinformation on their platforms. Until this week, Google Translate was offered in European languages like Frisian, Maltese, Icelandic and Corsican — each with fewer than 1 million speakers — but not East African languages like Oromo and Tigrinya, which have millions of speakers.

The new languages will roll out on Google's Android system this week and on Apple devices later this month. They won't yet be understood by Google's voice assistant, which limits them to text-to-text translations for now. Google said it is working on adding speech recognition and other capabilities, such as being able to translate a sign by pointing a camera at it.

That will be important for largely spoken languages like Quechua, especially in the health field, because many Peruvian doctors and nurses who only speak Spanish work in rural areas and “are unable to understand patients who speak mostly Quechua,” said Illaccanqui.

“The next frontier, or challenge, is to work on speech,” said Arturo Oncevay, a Peruvian machine translation researcher at the University of Edinburgh who co-founded a research group to improve Indigenous language technology across the Americas. “The native languages of the Americas are traditionally oral."

In its announcement, Google cautioned that the quality of translations in the newly added languages “still lags far behind" other languages it supports, such as English, Spanish and German, and noted that the models “will make mistakes and exhibit their own biases." But the company only added languages if its AI systems met a certain threshold of proficiency, Caswell said.

“If there’s a significant number of cases where it’s very wrong, then we would not include it," he said. “Even if 90% of the translations are perfect, but 10% are nonsense, that’s a little bit too much for us."

Google said its products now support 133 languages. The latest 24 are the largest single batch to be added since Google incorporated 16 new languages in 2010. What made the expansion possible is what Google is calling a "Zero-Stop Machine Translation" model — an AI model that learns to translate into another language without ever seeing an example of it.

Facebook and Instagram parent company Meta introduced a similar concept called the Universal Speech Translator last year.

“At a high level, the way you can imagine it working is you have a single gigantic neural model and it is trained on 100 different languages," Caswell said of the Google model.

He said the new group ranges from smaller languages like Mizo, spoken in northeastern India by about 800,000 people, to more widely spoken languages like Lingala, spoken by around 45 million people across Central Africa.

It was more than 15 year ago — in 2006 — that Microsoft got some positive attention in South America with a software feature translating familiar Microsoft menus and commands into Quechua. But that was before the current wave of AI advancements in real-time translation.

Harvard University language scholar Américo Mendoza, who speaks Quechua, said getting Google's attention brings some needed visibility to the language in places like Peru, where Quechua speakers are still lacking in many public services. The survival of many of these languages “will depend on their use in digital contexts,” he said.

The new languages added are: Assamese, Aymara, Bambara, Bhojpuri, Dhivehi, Dogri, Ewe, Guarani, Ilocano, Konkani, Krio, Lingala, Luganda, Maithili, Meiteilon (Manipuri), Mizo, Oromo, Quechua, Sanskrit, Sepedi, Sorani Kurdish, Tigrinya, Tsonga and Twi.

—-

O'Brien reported from Providence, Rhode Island.

Caption
FILE - Teacher Carmen Cazorla writes in the Quechua Indigenous language during a class on medicinal plants at a public primary school in Licapa, Peru, Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021. About 10 million people speak Quechua, but trying to automatically translate emails and text messages into the most widely spoken Indigenous language family in the Americas was nearly impossible before Google introduced it into its digital translation service Wednesday, May 11, 2022. The internet giant says new artificial intelligence technology is enabling it to vastly expand Google Translate’s repertoire of the world’s languages, adding 24 more this week including Quechua and other Indigenous South American languages such as Guarani and Aymara. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia)

Credit: Martin Mejia

Credit: Martin Mejia

Caption
FILE - Teacher Carmen Cazorla writes in the Quechua Indigenous language during a class on medicinal plants at a public primary school in Licapa, Peru, Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021. About 10 million people speak Quechua, but trying to automatically translate emails and text messages into the most widely spoken Indigenous language family in the Americas was nearly impossible before Google introduced it into its digital translation service Wednesday, May 11, 2022. The internet giant says new artificial intelligence technology is enabling it to vastly expand Google Translate’s repertoire of the world’s languages, adding 24 more this week including Quechua and other Indigenous South American languages such as Guarani and Aymara. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia)

Credit: Martin Mejia

Credit: Martin Mejia

Caption
FILE - Books written in the Quechua Indigenous language sit behind a student during a class on medicinal plants, at a public primary school in Licapa, Peru, Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021. About 10 million people speak Quechua, but trying to automatically translate emails and text messages into the most widely spoken Indigenous language family in the Americas was nearly impossible before Google introduced it into its digital translation service Wednesday, May 11, 2022. The internet giant says new artificial intelligence technology is enabling it to vastly expand Google Translate’s repertoire of the world’s languages, adding 24 more this week including Quechua and other Indigenous South American languages such as Guarani and Aymara. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia)

Credit: Martin Mejia

Credit: Martin Mejia

Caption
FILE - Books written in the Quechua Indigenous language sit behind a student during a class on medicinal plants, at a public primary school in Licapa, Peru, Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021. About 10 million people speak Quechua, but trying to automatically translate emails and text messages into the most widely spoken Indigenous language family in the Americas was nearly impossible before Google introduced it into its digital translation service Wednesday, May 11, 2022. The internet giant says new artificial intelligence technology is enabling it to vastly expand Google Translate’s repertoire of the world’s languages, adding 24 more this week including Quechua and other Indigenous South American languages such as Guarani and Aymara. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia)

Credit: Martin Mejia

Credit: Martin Mejia

Translation plays a role in dialogue of civilizations, and languages play a vital role in peace and development, with multilingualism ensuring effective participation in international organizations.

Title:

Content: World Translation Day: Between the Blockade of Google and the Challenge of Globalization
On World Translation Day, the importance of translation lies in its important role in the dialogue of civilizations, which aims to strengthen communication in the understanding of civilization in a framework of cooperation based on mutual respect, honesty and accuracy.
Translation has played a civilizational, cultural and scientific role since the dawn of human history, and continues to play its role to this day, despite the challenges of globalization and the blockade of technology, which seeks to limit its development and continuation.
When we talk about translation we are necessarily talking about language, or languages, with its complex implications for identity, communication, social integration, education and development, which are of strategic importance to humans and the planet.
There is a growing awareness that languages play a vital role in peace and development, in ensuring cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue, but in achieving quality education for all and promoting cooperation as well, building inclusive knowledge societies and preserving cultural heritage, and in mobilizing the governing will to apply the benefits of science and technology for sustainable development.
Multilingualism is a fundamental factor in harmonious communication among peoples, and the General Assembly of the United Nations considers it a fundamental value of the Organization.
By promoting tolerance, multilingualism ensures the effective and increased participation of all in the work of the Organization, as well as increased effectiveness, better performance and improved transparency.
Why World Translation Day?
Every year, on September 30, the world celebrates “World Translation Day ”, an opportunity to pay tribute to the work of language specialists, who play an important role in bringing peoples and nations closer together, facilitating dialogue, understanding and cooperation among societies, contributing to development and promoting global peace and security.
On 24 May 2017, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 71 / 288 on the role of language specialists in connecting countries and promoting peace, understanding and development, and declared 30 September as “World Translation Day ”.
Why September 30th?
That is something else.
The importance of World Translation Day lies in recognizing the role of professional translation in related countries.
The day was dedicated to show the solidarity of the translation community around the world, and as an attempt to promote the translation profession in different countries as a core profession in the age of progressive globalization.
It also highlights the role of translators in connecting different countries and peoples and promoting peace, development and intercultural understanding.
The transfer of literary, scientific and artistic work, from one language to another, and professional translation, including appropriate translation, interpretation and terminology, is indispensable in our time, to maintain transparency, clarity, positive climate and productivity in public cultural discourse and communication between people and communities.
Translation is a noble profession.
Translation is a noble profession centered on a cognitive activity and cultural and creative space, and its importance is reflected in the fact that it leads to the convergence of cultures and peoples, and the dissemination of their different sciences more widely rather than limiting their usefulness to the local community.
It allows for intercultural dialogue among different peoples and nations, with different languages, ethnicities and beliefs, rather than retreating locally in an era when globalization has become the overriding feature.
World Translation Day is an opportunity to pay tribute to the work of language professionals, who play an important role in bringing nations, peoples and cultures closer together, facilitating dialogue, understanding and cooperation, contributing to development and promoting global peace and security.
The transfer of literary or scientific work, including artwork, from one language to another, and professional translation, including appropriate translation, interpretation and terminology, is indispensable to maintaining clarity, a positive climate and productivity in international public discourse and interpersonal communication.
What is translation?
Translation is the transfer of speech or text from the original language in which it was written to another language with the obligation to transfer the words correctly to match their original meanings so as not to lead to a change in the meaning of the original text.
Translation or transfer is the process of converting a written original text (called source text) from the source language to a written text (target text) in the other language.
Translation is the transmission of civilization, culture and thought.
Translation is divided into types or sections: written, editorial, textual, immediate, oral and audio translation.
The origin of the word “translation ” is in Latin and means“ transmission ”, but the translator is the person or device that transmits the speech or text from the original language to another language, each person has his own style of translation and the translator must stay away from the literal translation because it will lead to failure in the formulation of the text.
Translation is not basically just the transfer of every word with its equivalent in the target language, but the transfer of the grammar that communicates the information and the same information and the writer's thought, culture and style as well, but theories differed in translation on how to transfer this information from the source to the goal, George Steiner described the theory of the Trinity of Translation: literal (or word by word), free (semantic) and faithful translation.
Translation is an art in its own right as it relies on creativity, linguistic sense and the ability to bring cultures closer together and enables all humanity to communicate and benefit from each other ’ s experiences.
Translation and the first one to do it?
History records of professional translators and interpreters show that they appeared as early as 4000 BC.
The Romans were the first to engage in translation.
Cicero and Horace were the first to develop theories about the word and meaning.
The earliest records of the interpreters are from Carthage, where they placed parrot tattoos on the interpreters' shaved heads.
This formed a trademark, and if the interpreter knew and mastered 4 or more languages, the parrot was tattooed with folded wings on its head.
Translation is as old as written literature.
Parts of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, among the oldest known literary works, have been translated into several Asian languages since the 2nd millennium BC.
With the advent of computers, attempts have been made to use the computer or to translate texts from natural language by machine translation or to use the computer as an aid to translation, computer-assisted translation.
The first civilization known translation is the civilization of Mesopotamia, and was a lexicon written in which a set of words and their meanings, and the writing flourished after that in Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, the Arabs and after the spread of the Islamic State and mixing with different nations and peoples such as the Romans and Persians, appeared their need for their knowledge, which led them to translate books and literature. The Arab need for translation increased to promote countries and achieve cultural progress after they found scientific and technological progress in Western countries like the Arab countries, they sent missions to Western countries and established a language school to catch up with the development and progress achieved by Western countries.
Translation by Arabs and Muslims
Arabs have known translation since their earliest times, and Dr. Abdul Salam Kafafi pointed out in his book “In Comparative Literature ” that the Arabs were“ traveling to trade in summer and winter and influenced by their neighbors in various aspects of life, they knew Persia, and passed to them colors of their culture.
Some Persian words were translated into Arabic, and appeared in the poetry of the great poets, the most famous of whom used Persian words in their poetry.
Some also knew their Byzantine neighbors.
Since time immemorial, therefore, Arabs and Muslims have come into contact with the three peoples around them, the Romans in the north, the Persians in the east and the Abyssinians in the south, and it is difficult to establish such literary and economic links without a translation, albeit in its primitive stages.
In the time of the Umayyad state, the books were translated, and Prince Khalid bin Yazid bin Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan was interested in the translation movement.
The translation was in the Abbasid era after the conquests, the expansion of the state towards the east and west, and the direct contact of Arabs with other neighboring peoples, led by the Persians and Greece, especially in the Abbasid era, the need for translation increased, so the Arabs translated the sciences of Greece, and some Persian literary works, so they translated from the Greek sciences of medicine, astronomy, mathematics, music, philosophy and criticism.
The translation movement of Arabs and Muslims reached an advanced stage in the era of Caliph Harun al-Rashid and his son al-Ma ’ mun, who reportedly gave some translators such as Haneen ibn Ishaq equal to the weight of his books to Arabic in gold. It is known that al-Ma ’ mun founded Dar al-Hikma in Baghdad in order to activate the work of translation.
In the 9th century AD, Arabs and Muslims translated most of Aristotle's works, and there are many books translated from Greek into Arabic, and their Greek origin was later lost, and they were returned to the Greek language through Arabic, meaning that if they had not been translated into Arabic, they would have been lost permanently.
Perhaps the most famous book translated by Arabs is the book “Kalila and Damna ”, written in Sanskrit by the Indian philosopher Bidba, and Abdullah bin al-Maqfa, a Persian origin during the reign of the Caliph Abu Jaafar al-Mansur translated it from Persian to Arabic and added some things to it.
It happened that the translation of the book into Persian from the Arabic text was restored, because the Persian translation was lost.
What skills are needed in a translator?
1.
Full knowledge of the general topics to be interpreted
2.
Learn the meanings of words, terms and phrases
3.
Extensive knowledge of both cultures and large amounts of words in both languages
4.
Knowledge of the culture and culture of both languages, making words taste authentic
5.
Mastering the grammar of both languages and taking advantage of the advantages of each language to make the translation look good, no one can distinguish whether it is the original or the translation.
6.
Ability to express ideas clearly in both languages
7.
Excellent techniques for taking correlated notes
8.
Learn images and verbal analogies and know their corresponding in the target language.
9.
Proficient in transportation and showing the beauty of both languages.
10.
Creativity in finding appropriate words that express the real intention of the writer or speaker.
What are the types of translation?
There are several types of translation or translation sections, the most important of which are:
1.
Translation is the translation of a written text into a text written in another language.
Translation is divided into several forms: translation of the text in the same language, which means a reformulation of the text in the same language as the original text.
Translation of text in other languages: means the translation of text from the original language into several other languages.
Signal translation means the translation of a verbal signal into a non-verbal signal such as music and images.
2.
Consecutive translation: is when the translator listens to the speaker and after the speaker is silent, the translator begins to repeat what the speaker said in the language of the translator, and this type of translation is usually used in interviews between heads of state and senior officials.
3.
Interpretation: is the translation of the speech of some people so that the translator puts a headset through which to listen to the speaker and at the same time translate to the other language. This type of translation is the most difficult type of translation at all as it does not tolerate mistakes or thinking and must be a good translator for both languages.
4.
Media translation: This is a different type of translation depending on the translation of the vernacular dialect or the common language of the speakers, and here lies the difficulty of finding the cultural equivalent of each word in the language to which it is translated, as it is the difference of cultures and civilizations that governs the existence of certain words in a language.
Sometimes the translator may rely on his or her subtitling skills as the written text of the film may not be available. The text may be available, but not watching the events is a difficulty in translation as the translator cannot distinguish between male and female in English-speaking films due to the neutral nature of the language. In the best case, the translator has the written text and film tape.
5.
Legal translation: This translation is done in courts and for various legal cases.
Moroccan philosopher Taha Abdelrahman distinguishes between three different styles of translation:
1.
Collective translation: which transmits texts without distinction or correction.
2.
Conductive translation: which preserves the partial contradiction between philosophy and translation and conveys all that does not appear to be an apparent violation of the rules of language.
3.
Authentic translation: which aims to raise the conflict between philosophy and translation and convey what proves its approval of the controls of the deliberative field transferred to it linguistically, cognitively and even dogmatically.
Are scientists allowed to translate and learn languages?
It is permissible for scholars to learn languages for need and necessity, but it may be obligatory to learn them if Muslims need them, for example, to take care and prepare for enemies or to Arabize, transfer and benefit from science, and other things that benefit the intellectual, cultural and civilizational immunity of the people of Islam.
There is a well-known fundamentalist rule among the people of knowledge, which is: “What is not done except by him is a duty like him ”, and from this door what was stated in the correct Hadith about Zaid bin Thabit: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to me:“ Do you improve Syriac (one of the Semitic languages)? ”
He said, “No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.
Al-Albani, may Allah have mercy on him, said in his book, “A series of righteous hadiths ”, commenting on a hadith attributed to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him):“ This hadith is in the meaning of the hadith circulating on tongues: “Whoever learns the tongue of a people is secure from their cunning ”, but I do not know him originally of this term, nor does he mention of any of any one who has written in the hadith in the famous in the famous in tongues. ”
Is translation a career in danger?
Like any profession, translation is a profession that faces many challenges faced by everyone, including professionals.
The United Nations and the International Federation of Translators, founded in the 1950s, celebrate World Translation Day and the efforts of translators and the global translation community, in an effort to strengthen the old profession, which is currently in fierce competition with machines and artificial intelligence despite its increasing need in the age of globalization and communication.
Several years ago, Google announced the launch of its neural machine translation (GNMT) system, stressing that machine translations with this technology will not be distinguished from human translations, and growing belief that the ancient profession is on its way to extinction at the hands of machines.
However, the promises of programmers to remove language barriers and eliminate the need for translators do not seem to have been fulfilled; decades ago, when the first automated translation process was invented, translators still working in various fields were not spared.
It is increasingly believed that machine translation will serve as an aid to, rather than a substitute for, human translators for a variety of reasons.
Many translators believe that machines translate words, while humans translate ideas that software and automated algorithms cannot transfer between different languages — all they do is convert language words into another language using dictionaries, grammar and language.
But translation is not just about converting the words of a language into another language, and here comes the great disadvantage of machines, as they cannot understand the idea behind the text, and fail to convey the “tone ” and the human touch, turning the texts into flat words without a soul.
In addition, machines cannot identify and correct errors in the original text, unlike spelling and typographical errors, software and algorithms do not recognize source text errors and linguistically convert it to the target language without realizing that it is fundamentally wrong, including semantic errors, erroneous and contradictory terms and data that only a human translator can recognize.
Machines also do not read emotions, and deal with texts loaded with human emotions in a neutral way, while professional translators can find an equivalent “code ” of meaning in the other language, perhaps reconstructing the entire sentence or paragraph using words different from the original text to convey the emotional charge and achieve the same response in readers.
This requires a deep understanding not only of the source language and the target language, but also of the different cultures behind the languages.
Although machine translation engines and software have been developed and equipped with great texts, the ability to understand context, ideas and culture is still limited for machines.
Machines cannot convey the aesthetic of text and spirit in great literary works; the expressive dexterity of writers is a special feature of writers who are able to create beautiful metaphors to evoke strong emotions, often the result of hard creative work.
New York Times journalist Gideon Lewis believes that artificial intelligence in the field of translation has made it possible in two years to achieve the equivalent of progress made over a decade, adding that networks of neurons are now able to detect links between languages.
Source: Multiple sources
The materials published on the site do not necessarily reflect the opinion of IslamOnline
Latest Articles

The Arabic Language Academy has organized a seminar on linguistic planning in Libya, which aims to chart language development and use through legislation, and language policy monitors the linguistic situation and controls its course.

Title:

Content: Confronting questions of modernity.
« Arabic Complex » discusses the formulation of language policy in Libya
Tripoli - Al Wasat Gate: Abdel Salam Al Fiqhi Saturday 12 March 2022, 01: 12 pm
The Arabic Language Academy organized, on Thursday, a seminar moderated by Dr. Mohamed Belhaj, on the concept of linguistic planning and outlined the laws and regulations related to the preservation of the Arabic language in Libya.
In his paper entitled "Planning for coexistence between languages in Libya", Dr. Mohamed Al-Aswad pointed out that there are two ancient languages in Libya, namely the Berber language now called Amazigh used by the Amazigh in Mount Nafusa, and the Tida language in southern Libya Kufra and Tibesti.
He explained that for peaceful coexistence between them, scientific research must be conducted away from fanaticism, and facilitate their writing so that learners are able to assimilate and distract them.
Linguistic Rooting
Dr. Siham Al-Hamri touched on the characteristics of Arabic as a basis for linguistic planning, starting from lexical and terminological definitions, indicating that the language planning is the way and means underline, and the dress of a scheme any make lines, and said land and country plans any make lines and borders, also because he put in his head the plan of any order he had intended.
The researcher defines it as a refined mental activity that seeks to chart the future course of language development, acquisition, structure and use through legislation, decisions, mechanisms and long-term programs that guide the behavior of its users individually and collectively in a flexible way that helps protect its construction, respect its sovereignty, enhance its functions and improve its contribution to the preservation of identity, unity and cumulative memory.
She pointed out in the context of her speech that linguistic planning is old for a long time, but the use of modern scientific and studies came recently, where the collection of the Koran in one Koran and the destruction of the rest of the Koran intervened in order to codify Arabic, and the goal of translating the books into Arabic to become the official language in Persia, Syria and Egypt.
Social organization
Linguistic planning is concerned with activities aimed at the structure and status of language, it is a science that examines the interaction between the two aspects of human behavior, namely the use of language and the social organization of behavior. Linguistic planning and policy both aim to frame the linguistic landscape in society politically and legally, arrange and organize linguistic diversity, address linguistic problems and propose and select solutions.
The researcher tends to define language policy as the actions taken by state institutions to monitor the linguistic situation and control its course, which is the enactment of constitutional and legislative articles related to the linguistic status of society, it is « activities practiced by politicians towards language and its formulation in the form of constitutional and legislative decisions, a branch of public policy ». The rights of minorities in particular, as well as the issue of identity, for example.
Features and mechanisms
Dr. Ali Aoun monitored the characteristics of Arabic self-expressive and self-informational, and described the features of its universality and mechanisms of empowerment and dissemination, while Dr. Khalifa Al-Aswad presented the results of the mixing of language policy with linguistic planning through language-related practices, which were reflected in the fields of linguistic use, "sovereign official use, education, media and Arabization."
Dr. Khalifa Al-Aswad believes that the term linguistic policy was not used in writings dealing with linguistic planning activities, and perhaps the term linguistic engineering or an expression used in the literature on the subject, citing the researcher Haugen Ban Yuri Fenraj, who was the first to use the term linguistic planning at a seminar at Columbia University in 1957.
The researcher added that Haugen defined linguistic planning in that article as all activities related to the preparation of a writing guide (grammar spelling) or the preparation of a book in grammar or a lexicon in order to guide writers and speakers of a language in a linguistically heterogeneous society.
Common Origin
Dr. Khalifa explained that the link between linguistic policy and its implementation « linguistic planning » is due to the source and the common origin, which emanated from it, their subject is related to applied linguistics and is generally interested in the study of linguistic problems.
He listed some points that can be drawn or added in the language planning section and its policy, including the reform of the language and this reflects what happened in the Turkish language when Mustafa Kemal decided to write Turkish in Latin instead of Arabic, as well as the Philippine and Chinese languages and others.
This happened to the languages of China, Indonesia, Tanzania and Zanzibar when standardizing their vocabulary, grammar and methods, after the unified language was chosen for official use, in addition to upgrading the language and developing its vocabulary as in the case of Arabic, Swedish and Italian languages.
Fatal error.
As for planning the treatment of Arabic in the media, Dr. Bashir Zagalam says in his paper that our ancestors preserved our Arabic language and strengthened it when it was weakened and the melody leaked to it, so they hastened to adjust and tighten its rules, but in the era of globalization, the danger has become many aspects and different goals, some of it comes from the lurkers from the West, Its people, who were saturated with the languages of the West, were unable to express them and boasted to speak others, and one of the most dangerous things is also the language of the media because of its orientation to the public; as the linguistic danger here is fast and deadly and spreads among all classes, including the educated class.
From the weekly issue of "The Middle East".
Dr. Ali Aoun (Center Gate)
Dr. Siham Al-Hamri (Center Gate)
Dr. Mohamed Belhaj during the opening speech of the seminar (Center Gate)
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