The Russian government has implemented policies to limit foreign borrowings, especially from English, and promote native Russian words.

The government has signed a law requiring officials to use Russian in official relations and limiting foreign words in documents.

A commission will determine acceptable foreign words and create dictionaries and grammars to standardize Russian literary language.

The law restricts non-Russian words in official use, except for foreign words without Russian analogues.

Similar laws and policies have been adopted in countries like Cuba and Taiwan, which promote their native languages and cultures.

Some countries, like Bolivia with 36 official languages and Switzerland with four, have implemented policies to protect linguistic diversity.

Implementing laws regulating linguistic borrowing is challenging due to the need for clear criteria and the risk of being seen as harmful artificial language regulation.

Governments must balance promoting linguistic diversity with protecting national languages to preserve linguistic heritage.

Italy has drafted a bill to ban English, with fines up to 100,000 euros, to promote Italian language and culture.

There is no information on laws regulating linguistic borrowing in Italy and Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan's government has proposed a normative dictionary to regulate foreign words in official Russian.

The Kazakh government plans to modernize the language, adopt the Latin script, and develop a new state language law.

Language purification efforts can impact linguistic diversity, lead to cultural heritage loss, and distort traditional language.

Imposing a single language can undermine national unity and diversity, as seen in India's Hindi controversy.

Language policies can be distorted by historical reasons and may lead to secondary disputes.

The Russian government's policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language as the state language.

The law regulates the use of foreign and non-literary words in various fields and applies to all officials and citizens.

Foreign words are allowed if there's no Russian equivalent, but not if there is.

Russia has proposed legislation to preserve the Russian language and limit foreign words.

The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

In Kazakhstan, the effectiveness of language laws is measured by the percentage of the population speaking Kazakh, with a target of 84% by 2029.

Kazakhstan aims for 32% of its population to be trilingual by 2029.

Russia adopted a law to protect its language from foreign words.

The law introduces language norms, allowing exceptions for foreign words without Russian equivalents.

Russia proposes simplifying legal language to improve government-society understanding.

Italy banned foreign words and dialects in 1929 under Mussolini, but the policy's effectiveness was not measured.

Kazakhstan's language policy prioritizes the state language.

The Kazakh government aims to increase the use of the state language in areas like education and office work.

The effectiveness of Kazakhstan's laws on linguistic borrowing is not measured by specific metrics.

Russia's 2025 law may limit foreign word use, setting a usage ratio.

The law promotes national cultural values and prevents language borrowing.

Experts warn that clear criteria are needed to distinguish foreign words.

Professional terminology and official documents should be exempt from the law.

Youth slang rarely becomes loanwords and officials often distort Russian with foreign words.

The Russian government aims to protect the language by regulating foreign word use.

Ministries and government agencies are working together to develop criteria and guidelines for acceptable foreign words.

The use of foreign words in official language is a complex issue with varying approaches across countries.

More research is needed to understand the criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian government policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language.

The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

The government, aided by linguists and experts, develops criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian is an official language in Kazakhstan.

Russia aims to limit foreign words in its official language by replacing them with Russian equivalents.

Normative dictionaries play a crucial role in standardizing Russian language norms by guiding acceptable language use.

Language regulations are enforced through laws, with fines and penalties for non-compliance.

The Russian government aims to protect the language by regulating foreign word use.

Foreign words are allowed in official contexts if there are no Russian equivalents.

The use of foreign words is restricted, except for those without Russian equivalents.

Russia is developing rules for using foreign words in official language.

The commission proposes standardizing Russian language usage with regulatory dictionaries.

The use of foreign words in official language is a complex issue with varying approaches across countries.

More research is needed to understand the criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian government policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language.

The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

Russia proposes simplifying legal language to improve government-society understanding.

Italy banned foreign words and dialects under Mussolini in 1929.

Kazakhstan's language policy prioritizes the state language.

The Kazakh government aims to increase the use of the state language in areas like education and office work.

The effectiveness of Kazakhstan's laws on linguistic borrowing is not measured by specific metrics.

Russia's 2025 law may limit foreign word use, with ministries setting usage ratios.

The law promotes national cultural values and prevents language borrowing.

Experts warn that clear criteria are needed to distinguish foreign words.

Professional terminology and official documents should be exempt from the law.

Youth slang rarely becomes loanwords and officials often distort Russian with foreign words.

The Russian government aims to protect the language by regulating foreign word use.

Ministries and government agencies are working together to develop criteria and guidelines for acceptable foreign words.

The use of foreign words in official language is a complex issue with varying approaches across countries.

More research is needed to understand the criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian government policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language.

The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

The government, aided by linguists and experts, develops criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian is an official language in Kazakhstan.

Russia aims to limit foreign words in its official language.

The Russian government has implemented policies to limit foreign borrowings, especially from English, and promote native Russian words.

Title:

Content: In Russia, they are determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings
The Russian language is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
© Video: TRK "Zvezda" © Photo: TRK "Zvezda"
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Store, Department, Home and other foreign words in the names of shops, cafes and restaurants in Krasnodar soon will not be.
The Cuban capital decided to abandon all foreign names.
The Cuban authorities obliged entrepreneurs to translate business into Russian.
“A sign in a foreign language or using transliteration or a sign in Russian has a big difference.
In part of the fact that 100% of our population can read, understand the sign in Russian.
And many, by ignorance and age, do not even understand what is written on these signs, ” said the chief architect of Krasnodar Artem Salamatin.
So far, the business has been given time until September 1.
But many entrepreneurs are ready to change now.
“Everything will be in Russian.
We will translate the site into Russian.
We'll change everything.
With pleasure, ” entrepreneur Hovhannes Hovhannisyan shared.
Words borrowed from foreign languages became an integral part of Russian many centuries ago.
Massive in our speech, they appeared in different iconic historical periods.
For example, the Mongol invasion.
And after the Patriotic War of 1812 - there were a lot of gallicisms, that is, French words.
Now in conversations predominate borrowing from English.
“We began to use foreign words very actively in areas where such activity had not been observed before.
First of all, it is the public sphere.
Social sphere.
Where actually came a lot of foreign words ”, – said the Chairman of the Association of teachers of literature and Russian language Lyudmila Dudova.
Russia is now determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings.
President Vladimir Putin recently signed a law “on mandatory observance of the norms of the modern Russian language when using it as a state language. ”
What specific rules are we talking about?
It's not clear yet.
They are compiled by a special government commission.
“The normative dictionary of the Russian language will be a single consistent comprehensive publication, which will be formed on the basis of dictionaries of the Russian language.
Interpretive, spelling, ” explained Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Tatiana Vasilyeva.
Thus, foreign words should disappear as much as possible from all official documents.
In addition, officials should not use anglicisms and other borrowings during public speeches and generally avoid them in their speech.
“There are so many wonderful and beautiful words in the Russian language.
But why then instead of the word mentor we say coach.
Well, it doesn't sound.
It seems to me that we need to get rid of such words that are imposed, ” said Lyudmila Skakovskaya, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Science, Education and Culture.
This law, according to officials, should protect the Russian language from attacks from abroad, where they have long been trying to abolish all Russian.
But now these sentiments have intensified even more.
The Kiev regime has long declared war on our culture and heritage.
Throughout the country, the monument to Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is being demolished, because it is he who is considered the creator of the modern literary Russian language.
And it was the language issue that became one of the main reasons for the bloody confrontation in the East of Ukraine in 2014.
Residents of Donbass then did not agree with the nationalists, they did not refuse the Russian language.
“They use the term underdogs.
All these years, when the Maidan happened, they etched Russian in the Donbass, for them it is a symbol of communication.
The Russian world is hysterical.
What connects the Russian world?
The Russian language, ” said political scientist Yuri Svetov.
The fact that our language and culture need protection is also said by the leaders of other neighboring states.
During the autumn meeting of the heads of the CIS countries in Astana, the President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called on his colleagues to create an organization for the protection of the Russian language.
“Our idea is to create an international organization in the image and likeness of the UN.
Using the positive experience of Francophonie.
The headquarters of which is located in Paris, ” said President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
Rossotrudnichestvo recently conducted its own study abroad, which showed that openly Russophobic sentiments are present only among politicians.
But ordinary people continue to willingly learn our language and culture.
According to the United Nations, Russian is spoken by 258 million people worldwide.
It is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
Abroad, Dostoevsky, Pushkin and other Russian classics are also read.
Expert opinion and analytics
Read more
read below the following news

The government has signed a law requiring officials to use Russian in official relations and limiting foreign words in documents.

A commission will determine acceptable foreign words and create dictionaries and grammars to standardize Russian literary language.

Title:

Content: 22 February 2023, 17: 37
The Federation Council approved the law on the prohibition of the use of foreign words at the state level
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The Federation Council approved a law implying the inadmissibility of the use of foreign words at the state level.
The exception will be those words that have no analogues in the Russian language and which at the same time are contained in normative dictionaries.
“When using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, the use of words and expressions that do not meet the standards of the modern Russian literary language (including obscene language) is not allowed, ” the law states.
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The norms are understood as language tools and rules for their use, reflected in normative dictionaries and reference books.
The government on the basis of proposals of the Commission will approve the list of regulatory dictionaries and requirements for them.
It is also understood that they will reflect a list of foreign words, which are acceptable due to the lack of analogues.
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The composition and procedure of the government commission will also be approved by the Cabinet.
According to the law, the state language of the Russian Federation must be used in official relations and official correspondence of all organizations, both with Russians and with foreign citizens.
In addition, the addresses of senders and recipients of telegrams, parcels, postal orders within Russia, information for consumers of goods and services, and so on should be drawn up in the state language.
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The law restricts non-Russian words in official use, except for foreign words without Russian analogues.

Similar laws and policies have been adopted in countries like Cuba and Taiwan, which promote their native languages and cultures.

Some countries, like Bolivia with 36 official languages and Switzerland with four, have implemented policies to protect linguistic diversity.

Title:

Content: Bauhinia Party _ Embracing Language Pluralism
Author: 01 Forum
Published: Updated:
Author: Wu Junfei
Last month, an old video recorded by Phoenix TV anchor Tian Tong was censored for discussion, which once again caused controversy in Hong Kong society over the use of simplified and traditional characters.
This incident shows that in the situation of the growing population of Putonghua and Simplified Chinese, the "biliteracy and trilingualism" policy has not been implemented in Hong Kong, not only has it not been enforced by the SAR Government, but also has not reached a social consensus.
In the new era of governance and prosperity, as Hong Kong is further integrated into the overall situation of national development, the central government hopes that Hong Kong will undertake a greater historical mission.
The future of Hong Kong lies in reform. The focus of reform is internationalization, and the key element of internationalization is linguistic pluralism, which is the way to deal with related issues.
A truly international city should have international influence on the outside and international elements on the inside.
The most cosmopolitan cities can be called “global cities ”, typical of London in the United Kingdom and New York in the United States. They not only have global political, economic, and cultural influence, but they also host immigrants from all over the world, and dozens of languages are widely used by local residents, demonstrating a spirit of tolerance and mutual understanding of the different cultures of the world.
The metropolises with the next degree of internationalization have some international functions but mainly play a regional impact, such as Paris, Geneva, Zurich, Singapore, Dubai, etc. They also have the characteristics of internationalization such as linguistic and cultural diversity of residents.
After the establishment of the HKSAR Government in 1997, the policy of "biliteracy and trilingualism" was implemented. "biliteracy" is Chinese and English. "trilingualism" refers to Putonghua, Cantonese and English. Putonghua is written in simplified Chinese, and Cantonese is mainly in traditional Chinese.
Many Hong Kong people can only speak simple Putonghua, which is relatively unfamiliar with simplified characters, and some people never speak Putonghua.
In most schools in Hong Kong, Cantonese is used to teach Chinese, but Putonghua is also provided for students to have the opportunity to learn Putonghua.
These are not problems. The problem is that Hong Kong ’ s language policy is not inclusive enough, which runs counter to the SAR ’ s goal of promoting internationalization.
At present, Hong Kong society needs to clarify the status of the official languages of English, Putonghua (Simplified Chinese) and Cantonese (Traditional Chinese), especially the status of Putonghua and Simplified Chinese in law, and encourage and even require primary and secondary students to master a foreign language.
The specific approach is not to force every Hong Kong resident to be proficient in English, Putonghua (Simplified Chinese), Cantonese (Traditional Chinese) and a foreign language, but to legislate that "biliteracy and trilingualism" are compatible in society at the same time, that is, to accept the legitimacy of Putonghua (Simplified Chinese) and increase its use.
For example, in the early stage, traffic road signs, government building signs, school signs, company signs, scenic area signs, etc., in addition to the existing English and traditional Chinese, the addition of simplified Chinese.
The acceptance of Putonghua (Simplified Chinese) is not only in line with the Basic Law of Hong Kong, but also an expression of Hong Kong ’ s obedience to and respect for the authority of the Central Authorities, and the need for the further internationalization of Hong Kong society.
China ’ s vast territory, large population and multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-dialect, only the use of the country ’ s standardized language and script, in order to reduce communication costs, ensure smooth communication, unimpeded dissemination of government decrees, and promote the development of economic, political, cultural and other undertakings.
Putonghua and simplified characters began to be promoted in 1956, reflecting the new civilization since the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, and are indispensable communication tools and information carriers among people.
Mandarin and Simplified Chinese are international languages in themselves.
As of April 2023, more than 180 countries and regions around the world have conducted Putonghua Chinese education, and 82 countries have incorporated it into the national education system. More than 30 million foreigners are learning Putonghua Chinese, and the cumulative number of people learning and using Putonghua Chinese is close to 200 million.
Therefore, we can say that as part of China, if Hong Kong does not accept Putonghua (Simplified Chinese), then many of the benefits of internationalization will be lost.
At present, Putonghua (Simplified Chinese) is still despised and even rejected in Hong Kong ’ s education, executive, legislative and judicial systems, which is undoubtedly not in line with the trend of Hong Kong ’ s internationalization.
For the SAR Government, Putonghua (Simplified Chinese) is the language tool used by local governments in Hong Kong to understand and appreciate the documents and instructions issued by the Central Government.
If Hong Kong government officials are not proficient in Putonghua (simplified Chinese), it is difficult for them to understand the political, economic and social systems and civilizations of the national entity, and to accurately grasp the direction, principles and policies of the central government in governing Hong Kong.
An international Hong Kong must continue to raise the standard of English in the community.
For historical reasons, English is one of the most widely used languages in the world, occupying the dominant position of the Internet, and is recognized by the international academic, legal and business communities as the language of communication, has become a bridge to connect people around the world, playing a vital role in the development of human civilization.
English is the carrier of many research and innovation achievements in the fields of science and technology, culture and arts, and social science. English books, papers and reports contain the latest human knowledge and information, which helps people broaden their horizons and improve their ability to innovate.
As the most commonly used communication tool in common law countries, English has become a fundamental element in international financial and trade transactions.
Many multinational companies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations use English as a universal language, and familiarity with English is an essential skill for people working in these institutions.
English is the official language of Hong Kong, which is one of Hong Kong ’ s international competitive advantages.
Maintaining and improving English is of utmost importance to the people of Hong Kong, whether it is for internationalization or for the development of science and technology.
As the inheritor of traditional Chinese culture, it is necessary for Hong Kong to continue to use and protect Cantonese.
Cantonese is spoken by more than 100 million people around the world and is the mother tongue of many overseas Chinese. Cantonese retains the distinctive features of the Chinese language of the Qin and Tang dynasties, maintaining the nine tones and most of the written pronunciation of the ancient Chinese language, and carrying the traditional Chinese culture that shines unique throughout the world. The Cantonese community generally uses the Cantonese pronunciation of the Old Liwan District of Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty as standard Cantonese. Cantonese has a lot of advantages over Putonghua, such as richer tone, and more rhythmic beauty when reciting ancient poetry; the pronunciation of near-Italian words is the same, but different, so that the pronunciation of near-Italian words is similar but different, easier to express; There is a curl, that is, there is no problem that "z, c, s" and "zh, ch, sh" are easily confused in Mandarin.
As the traditional carrier of Cantonese, traditional characters are undoubtedly the treasures of Chinese traditional culture, which can spread the beauty of Chinese writing and facilitate future generations to read the classical literature left by Chinese ancestors.
In addition to Chinese and English, the number of Hong Kong people who speak other languages is negligible, which is a shortcoming that Hong Kong society needs to make up for.
Under the international development strategy of Hong Kong, the community needs a large number of foreign language talents who can meet the development needs of major strategic areas and key areas.
After the baptism of globalization, coupled with the emergence of artificial intelligence, the core task of foreign language ability has been to play the role of language interaction, knowledge tools, to pay more attention to the cultural connotations, ideological connotations and value connotations behind different languages, so the instrumental, humanistic and ideological aspects of foreign languages are equally important.
Faced with no major changes in the world in a hundred years, Hong Kong calls on a large number of professionals with a global perspective, proficient in the use of foreign languages, familiar with international rules, and proficient in international negotiations to participate in global governance, actively disseminate China's ideas, publicize China's development achievements, and tell the story of China in the new era.
Therefore, in order to form a foreign language education structure, subject professional structure and talent training structure to meet the needs of higher level internationalization in Hong Kong, it is even necessary to establish a special foreign language college and international relations college.
In implementing the policy of linguistic diversity, Hong Kong can learn from Switzerland.
There are four official languages in Switzerland, including German, French, Italian and Romansh, and they are written into law, while the actual languages in society are more numerous and English is more mastered by most Swiss people.
All official languages of the Swiss Confederation (government documents, legal texts, official websites, major building signs) must be written in German, French and Italian.
Official documents issued by the federal government, such as ID cards, passports, or banknotes, are written in four official languages, with English on the passport.
At Swiss supermarkets, products are marked in three main languages, namely French, German and Italian.
In order to ensure that all linguistic communities are adequately respected, the Swiss Language Act specifies the multilingualism of the country, and the Federal Office for Culture promotes these languages and the culture associated with them.
Not every Swiss speaks all four official languages, and most people communicate in their own languages within their own language communities, but they never exclude the right of other language communities to use other official languages.
Language diversity is an essential element of a cosmopolitan city and an important driver of social progress. Only through continuous dialogue and exchange among residents of different historical and cultural backgrounds can we integrate and create a great city of ideas and creativity.
Both now and in the future, Hong Kong must embrace the values of globalization. Although globalization has suffered a temporary setback, the in-depth development of globalization is the future direction of the world. Respect for linguistic and cultural diversity can restart the process of globalization and ensure that globalization is not hijacked and ended by hegemonic cultures.
Chinese pioneers follow the spirit of "harmony but difference", which means respecting cultural differences and diversity, and achieving harmony through mutual communication and exchange.
While maintaining the cultural identity of the local Cantonese language in Hong Kong, we should pay attention to absorbing the language and culture of the Mainland, actively learn and draw on the excellent cultural achievements of foreign languages, dialogue without confrontation, communication without closure, compatibility without exclusion, learning from strengths and weaknesses, free absorption, harmonious coexistence, and common progress.
Chapter 66 of the Dao Sutra says, “The reason why Jiang Hai can be King of the Hundred Grain, and he can be King of the Hundred Grain with his good deeds ”, which is a truth that deserves to be remembered by every Hong Kong people on the issue of linguistic diversity.
Ng Chun-fei is the director of the Bauhinia Party Policy Research Institute.
The article is only the opinion of the author and does not represent the position of Hong Kong 01.
Please email us at 01view @ hk01.com.
Please attach the author ’ s real name and contact details.
If not applicable, no notice will be given.

Implementing laws regulating linguistic borrowing is challenging due to the need for clear criteria and the risk of being seen as harmful artificial language regulation.

Title:

Content: There should be no excesses: a sociologist about the law on the protection of language - RIA Novosti Crimea, 29.10.2022
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Radio "Sputnik in Crimea"
There should be no excesses: a sociologist about the law on the protection of language
Political scientist Kiselyova appreciated the bill on the protection of the Russian language
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SIMFEROPOL, 29 oct - RIA Novosti Crimea.
The emergence of a law in the Russian Federation on the protection of the Russian language from excessive borrowing is appropriate, but there should be no excesses in this matter.
This opinion on the air of the radio "Sputnik in Crimea" expressed the head of the Crimean branch of the Foundation for the development of civil society, sociologist Natalia Kiseleva.
Crimean teachers spoke out against the language repression of young people > >
Earlier, a draft law on amendments to the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation" appeared in the system of ensuring legislative activity.
The amendments provide for the protection of the Russian language from the excessive influence of borrowed words.
In particular, we propose the emergence of normative dictionaries that fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language, where foreign words cannot be entered, with the exception of those that have no analogues in the Russian language.
Leave the “barn ” and“ dog ” alone: a linguist about the law on the protection of language
“I am a supporter of this bill.
I think it should be adopted a long time ago, because we really see an unjustified dominance of foreign words.
At the same time, I, of course, do not propose to abandon all borrowed words - many of them have long and firmly entered the Russian language and became part of it, "Kiseleva said.
The sociologist emphasizes that it is impossible to introduce language restrictions in colloquial speech, especially among young people, and this is not the case in the new bill.
At the same time, in her opinion, the official use of the language should be regulated:
In the Crimea proposed to introduce fines for foreign words in advertising > >
“It ’ s about officials, the media.
For example, the latest fashionable foreign word "hub" - representatives of government agencies use it everywhere, although there is a great word in the Russian language "node": transport hub, interchange and so on, "- gives an example of a guest ether.
Dictionary for the replacement of anglicisms needs improvement – opinion
In addition, according to Kiseleva, it is appropriate not only to regulate the use of the Russian language in the official sphere, but also to simplify the language of regulatory documents so that the ordinary citizen can understand legal norms, which now often require interpretation by lawyers.
Earlier, Andrei Kibrik, a researcher at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, commented on the relevant bill, expressed the opinion that the artificial regulation of any language, including the Russian language, is a vain and even harmful idea, since borrowing is part of a natural process that cannot be stopped or reversed.
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Governments must balance promoting linguistic diversity with protecting national languages to preserve linguistic heritage.

Italy has drafted a bill to ban English, with fines up to 100,000 euros, to promote Italian language and culture.

Title:

Content: Italian govt drafts bill that seeks to ban English language

RomeEdited By: C KrishnasaiUpdated: Apr 01, 2023, 03:15 PM IST

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency. Photograph:(Reuters)

Story highlights

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s party has proposed legislation that seeks to prohibit public and private bodies in the country from using foreign terms, especially English, in official communications.

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule.

In order to become a law, the bill has to be approved by both houses of parliament. But there was no indication of when this might happen.

“It is not just a matter of fashion, as fashions pass, but Anglomania (has) repercussions for society as a whole,” said the text of the draft bill.

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency.

The draft also specifies that all job related applications, including names and acronyms, should be spelt out in Italian, with foreign words allowed only if they are impossible to translate.

The bill said the widespread use of English in Europe was “even more negative and paradoxical” given that Britain had quit the European Union.

The draft bill comes at a time when the incumbent far-right government takes measures to what it calls preserving the local culture.

Recently, it banned the use of laboratory-produced food to safeguard the country’s agri-food heritage.

When the Brothers of Italy party took office last October, it added the English term “Made in Italy” to the name of the industry minister, while Meloni occasionally drops foreign words into her speeches.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

There is no information on laws regulating linguistic borrowing in Italy and Kazakhstan.

Title:

Content: August 2, 07: 04
The head of the Kazakh language society spoke out against the strict introduction of the state language in Kazakhstan
Rauan Kenzhekhanuly believes that tough methods for its implementation in the republic are hopeless
ASTANA, August 2.
/ TASS /.
Rauan Kenzhekhanuly, the new president of the influential international society "Kazakh Language" ("Kazakh Language"), which implements projects for the development of the state language with the support of the authorities, believes that strict methods for its implementation in the republic are hopeless.
More effective, he sees the use of soft power.
"Force is not in coercion.
I am at risk of being hit by my colleagues who want to impose such strict requirements.
But I would not want the language to become a subject of friction, negativity, for people to learn from under the stick, ” the president of the society said in an interview with Tengri news.
Kenzhekhanuly admitted that in the republic "language advocates often demand a law on the state language, which will put some strict requirements, up to the fact that citizenship can be issued only by the results of the exam on knowledge of Kazakh."
He noted that "all these methods will make this way (study of the state language - approx.
TASS) even longer "and" you need to do everything through soft power. "
Kenzhekhanuly stressed that tough methods of force in this matter are hopeless.
“We live in a different world, in a different time.
I am for the language to be interesting through its culture, history, ” he said.
Language issue
In August 2021, cases of the organization of so-called language patrols were noted in Kazakhstan.
A number of media outlets published reports that tendentious individuals organized a test of the use of the Kazakh language at some trade facilities in the republic and based on its results posted information on one of the channels in YouTube.
In the published videos, they insulted representatives of non-indigenous nationalities of the republic.
President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev assessed these facts as "provocations aimed at undermining the national unity of Kazakhstan."
He called it unacceptable that external conflicts that have been and will be used to foment inter-ethnic strife and form fault lines among Kazakhstanis.
The head of the country also noted that citizens who have not studied the state language and do not know it to the required extent should in no case be discriminated against on the language principle.
According to the Constitution, the state language of Kazakhstan is Kazakh.
At the same time, in state organizations and local self-government bodies, the Russian language can be officially used on an equal basis with it.
The Kazakh Language Society was established in 1989 to develop the state language in the country.
At the end of July, Kenzhekhanuly replaced Berik Abdigaliuly as the head of the society.

Kazakhstan's government has proposed a normative dictionary to regulate foreign words in official Russian.

The Kazakh government plans to modernize the language, adopt the Latin script, and develop a new state language law.

Title:

Content: What will be the language policy of Kazakhstan
Photo: Zakon.kz
The Ministry of Science and Higher Education has developed a draft "Concepts for the development of language policy".
Current situation
The current language situation shows that the number of speakers of the Kazakh language is growing.
According to official data, among the Turkic-speaking peoples, 72% of Uzbeks, 71.7% of Uighurs, 58.5% of Kyrgyz speak Kazakh at the level of colloquial speech, and 12% speak Kazakh at a high level.
Among the Slavic diaspora, 25.1% of Russians, 23.7% of Ukrainians, 22.8% of Belarusians, 22.1% of Poles, as well as 25.2% of representatives of the German diaspora understand the spoken Kazakh language.
Among these diasporas, the share of reading and professionally writing in the Kazakh language is 2.9%.
These quantitative changes still require an improvement in the quality of the use of the state language.
According to the results of the National Census, the population aged 5 years and older (13,768,406 people (80%) speak the state language, of whom 8,472,661 (49.3%) speak daily life.
This indicator demonstrates that the majority of the population understands the oral Kazakh speech, reads and writes freely.
Problems in the implementation of language policy:
• in some areas of society, the state language is not fully used in accordance with its regulatory and legal status;
• in connection with the development of texts of laws in the original and other documents in the Russian language with subsequent translation, impede the functioning of the state language and the full disclosure of its potential;
• in the implementation of language policy, the opportunities of the state language to become the leading language in the field of public service, in the field of services and so on are not fully used;
• the language policy does not define mechanisms for increasing the need for the state language;
• language policy does not take into account demographic processes in the country, the characteristics of regions, the composition of nations;
• some non-governmental organizations do not have an option of official Internet resources in the state language;
• in all spheres of public relations, the request of consumers to request a document in the state language is not satisfied;
• The current legislation on the language requires amendments and additions to it, since the problem of the state language is not solved at the proper level.
Vision of language policy development
Modern language policy should be aimed at modernizing the Kazakh language on the basis of Latin graphics, further improving language culture, as well as developing the language capital of citizens, ensuring the full activity of the Kazakh language as the state language.
The development of language policy is based on the following strategic principles:
• a full-fledged activity is carried out to expand the use, improve the culture of the state language in all spheres of society;
• strengthening the normative base of the Kazakh language as the state language;
• strengthening the status of the Kazakh language as a language of interethnic communication;
• improving the use of the Kazakh language as a language of international communication;
• introduction of the practice of adopting the law in the Kazakh language;
• priority will be the further development of scientific and practical foundations of Kazakh terminology as the basis of the language of science and records management in the state language and implemented a set of measures;
• projects aimed at digitalization of Kazakh linguistics are being implemented;
• State support will be provided in the study of the state language and languages of ethnic groups and the organization of training courses;
• implementation of language reform on the basis of the new Latin alphabet;
• the level of proficiency in the Kazakh language in organizations of the state and non-state sector is monitored and improved;
• a requirement will be introduced requiring civil servants to speak the Kazakh language;
• a set of measures aimed at the development of the language capital of citizens is being implemented.
In this regard, the objectivity of the need to develop new conceptual solutions that meet the requirements of modernity is emphasized.
The main approaches to the implementation of language policy
1.
Language policy and demography
The share of the population using the Kazakh language in everyday life is different in the republic, which still requires systematic work in this direction.
To establish the language balance in the republic, for the purpose of competent writing of documents, proper management of office work, a schedule for the phased transfer of office work in state bodies into the state language in the context of regions is approved.
2.
Language and public service
The issue of including the criterion for the preparation of documents in the state language in the rating of calculating the effectiveness of civil servants will be considered.
During the reporting meeting, the heads of central state bodies, especially when visiting remote settlements, when delivering reports on dialogue platforms with the population in the state language, priority is given to the state language.
During the implementation of the Concept, requirements will be developed that oblige civil servants to speak the Kazakh language.
At the same time, the main working language of the public service will be the state language
3.
Non-governmental organizations
The question of the state language, which has become one of the most discussed, especially in places of service of the population (trade, food, maintenance, etc.), will be devoted to a new mechanism of solution.
The issues of launching the version of all electronic databases in the financial sector in the state language on 1C: Accounting will be worked out.
A hotline service will be created at local executive bodies to ensure public participation and take prompt measures to protect the purity of the language, prevent non-compliance with the norms of the literary language, violations of the lexical and grammatical rules of the Kazakh language in advertising, at public catering facilities.
An important issue is the development of a special law "On the State Language", which is a factor in strengthening the identity of Kazakh society, taking into account linguistic, ethno-demographic and political conditions.
This law provides ample opportunities for clearly establishing the status of the Kazakh language as the state language, determining the scope of its use, increasing the culture of use.
Work on the formation of prerequisites for the adoption of the law will be carried out in stages.
Improving the spelling rules of the Kazakh language
Work will be carried out to unify words with various variations, to unify the writing of complex words and complex names by making additions and changes to the current rules of spelling of the Kazakh language.
The electronic version of the current spelling and punctuation rules is provided for general availability.
It is envisaged that competence will be transferred to the authorized body in the field of language development for approval of the standard of the existing spelling rules by the regulatory legal act.
The main directions of transition to the Latin script
Language planning involves the adoption of a new Kazakh alphabet based on the Latin script and its spelling in accordance with the relevant regulatory documents.
When justifying the existing rules of spelling of the Kazakh language, additions and changes will be made to the new alphabet.
Scientific and methodological substantiation of spelling rules will be compiled.
In addition, a standard for setting the order of alphabetic characters on the keyboard will be approved.
Relevant versions of normative legal acts aimed at ensuring the availability of information in the Kazakh language, the Kazakh-language interface and Kazakh letters on products such as computers, keyboards, mobile phones and other technical means, on medical, production equipment, cash registers imported into the territory of Kazakhstan and manufactured in the country will be developed and adopted.
A step-by-step translation of the Kazakh alphabet to the Latin script will be carried out.
Gradually, educational organizations will be transferred to the Latin script.
Development of orthological means of the Kazakh language based on the alphabet based on the Latin script
Guides will be developed for different groups of consumers (schoolchildren, editors, broadcasters, politicians, trade managers, copywriters and speechwriters, academics, the public, etc., depending on the level of demand).
For the examination, discussion, approval of the results of reforms relating to the Kazakh script, it is envisaged to create an interdepartmental expert body - a spelling commission.
Regulation of onomastic space based on the Latin alphabet
After the approval of the Kazakh alphabet based on the Latin script, on its basis, the issue of standardization of names of the corresponding onomastic spatial physical and geographical objects, administrative-territorial units and their component parts in connection with their uniform writing will be considered.
Measures will be implemented to popularize new names, bring international names and city codes in line with Latin names (in particular, in the field of air and rail communication), ensure the correct writing of toponymic names on maps in cross-border regions.
Updated onomastic names will be introduced into widely used maps (Google, Yandex, 2gis), as well as navigation tools.
At the initial stage of the translation of the Kazakh alphabet into the Latin script (at least 5 years), the Kazakh alphabet on the modern Cyrillic script will be conducted in parallel with the alphabet on the Latin script.
The modern alphabet will gradually be phased out in accordance with the roadmap for the phased transfer of the Kazakh alphabet to the Latin script (action plan), the schedule for the phased transfer of educational organizations to the Latin script.
Improving the methodology of language teaching
It is important to improve the quality of language teaching using the capabilities of modern information technologies.
Measures to attract scientists in connection with improving the methodology, improving the methodological skills of teachers, exchanging experience, and stimulating will also be considered.
Of particular importance is the issue of improving the qualifications of methodologists and teachers of educational centers teaching the state language of citizens working in various spheres of society.
The developers of the project see the following ways to increase the effectiveness of the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language
1.
Formation of a special general base of systematization of scientific and educational-methodical works on the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language.
2.
Organization of mass open online courses "Kazakh tili".
3.
Organization of internships and courses that improve the qualifications of teachers and methodologists teaching the Kazakh language.
4.
Increasing the number and improving the quality of textbooks, teaching aids and other products for students of the Kazakh language.
The system of teaching the Kazakh language
A system of language teaching will be developed, starting with school-age children and ending with adults.
The system includes two directions.
First, a general state system of language teaching is being created.
Secondly, in accordance with this system, curricula and educational and methodological complexes of new content will be formed, as well as modern teaching technologies, and the scientific and methodological potential of teachers and teachers will be increased by improving the quality of language teaching from schoolchildren to adults.
The use of a voucher when teaching citizens the state language
According to the results of the study, 1,025,270 (8.1%) of adult respondents do not speak the state language (2.5% do not speak Kazakh at all, 5.6% understand some words).
For this category of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the project "Language Voucher" favorable conditions will be created for free study of the Kazakh language.
The voucher will be used as an effective means of education, professional development, retraining courses.
Improving the methods of teaching the language of citizens with special needs
A curriculum and programmes will be developed to improve language teaching methods for persons with special educational needs.
It provides for the training of trainers, the training of teachers with special qualifications, teaching citizens with hearing and speech impairments.
The issues of developing materials for the training of sign language interpreters in the Kazakh language, the release of teaching aids for citizens with special educational needs, created by a special tactile point relief font, large font and Braille, including taking into account recognized international practices, will be discussed.
It is planned to create a service for voicing printed texts in the Kazakh language.
Language Training Centers
For free education of the adult population, Kazakh, Russian and English language courses will continue to work in state language training centers.
In order to increase the status and wages of teachers of language training centers, amendments will be made to the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 31, 2015 No. 1193 "On the system of remuneration of civil servants, employees of organizations maintained at the expense of the state budget, employees of state-owned enterprises" (by increasing the level of the correction coefficient).
Expanding the scope of the state language
Work will continue on clarifying the requirements of the legislation on languages, providing methodological assistance to business entities in terms of placing requisites and visual information.
To expand the scope of application of the state language, to provide support to individuals and legal entities in conducting their activities (naming objects), it is planned to create a dictionary of names in the Kazakh language (the base "korneki.kz").
Enhancing the language culture of society
To comply with the language norm, it is necessary to unify language means, orthoepic, orthographic, lexico-phraseological, grammatical (morphological, syntactic, word-formation) norms.
The availability of language tools developed in this direction to the society will be considered.
Through social networks, published materials related to language in social networks will be monitored, work will be carried out to disseminate quotes from famous people, public figures, bloggers, people who actively use the social network, increase their recognition by the population, motivate them to work for the benefit of society, and provide support.
Work will be carried out on the publication of industry dictionaries, collections of sayings, proverbs, children's books, works of fiction, foreign prose in the Kazakh language.
Once every two years, a sociolinguistic study of topical problems of the Kazakh culture of speech will be conducted in the republic, concerning the observance of traditional norms of the national literary language, determining the main trends in its development, generalization and systematization of linguistic knowledge about the characteristics of new norms and communicative qualities of the word.
Activation of the use of the Kazakh language as a language of science
To increase the functionality of the language of science, work will be carried out to intensify the use of Kazakh terms, systematize borrowed terms when they are assimilated.
Specialists with the formed competence of the language of science will be trained, quantitative and qualitative indicators of scientific works in the state language will be increased, foreign scientific works in the Kazakh language will be available and terms will be unified.
Increasing the share of content in the Kazakh language
The development of high-quality products in the Kazakh language, able to meet the demand of children and adolescents of preschool and school age, where the level of digital literacy is growing every year, will allow in the future to solve the problem of lack of mastering the Kazakh language by young people.
Given that society needs separate group, situational games in the Kazakh language, focused on virtual-cognitive, intellectual, didactic, entertaining, the state should provide maximum support.
This will give a new impetus to the transition of the language of IT-technologies to the Kazakh language.
Group games in the Kazakh language will be developed based on popular game scenarios.
To ensure the availability of the interface of foreign games in the Kazakh language, communication with developers is established and experience is exchanged.
In order to fill the YouTube video hosting with high-quality Kazakh-language children ’ s content, cartoons and series will be selected and duplicated.
Key expected results by 2029:
1.
The share of the Kazakh-speaking population in the republic is 84%.
2.
The proportion of the population speaking three languages is 32 per cent.
3.
The proportion of the population enrolled in courses in the new alphabet and spelling rules is 15 per cent.
4.
The share of office work of central state and local executive bodies in the state language is 94%.
5.
The share of the terminological fund based on the rules of spelling of the Latin alphabet of the Kazakh language (with an increasing result) is 40%.
The project is posted on the Open NPA portal for public discussion until April 25, 2023.
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Language purification efforts can impact linguistic diversity, lead to cultural heritage loss, and distort traditional language.

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Content: Interchange station: Expect dialects to become cultural "add-ons"
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On December 18, I read Yan Mengda, a special commentator of the Lianhe Zaobao, "Dialect is an add-on to culture".
At the same time, I was invited by an organization to make an oral history recording of the response of the clan associations to the national campaign to promote the Chinese language since 1979.
I seem to feel the dialect come back to life, or the salted fish come back to life.
At the opening ceremony of the national campaign to promote the Chinese language in 1979, late Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew encouraged Chinese compatriots to "speak more Chinese and speak less dialects."
After that, many clubs responded to the call to give up their dialects and speak Chinese when holding a council meeting or a general meeting.
There are also a number of clubs, in order to enlist professionals, elected them as directors, some of whom do not speak Chinese in English during the meeting.
If the chairman can speak both Chinese and English well, those who cannot cope with both Chinese and English have to ask bilingual directors to help translate the meeting.
I attended the 182-year history of the Canton Hall, and since its establishment, I have spoken Cantonese both at meetings and at events.
One of the young directors was not fluent in Cantonese, and I encouraged her to speak Mandarin because all the directors could understand it.
The club was established as a cultural center in 2013. All pictures and artifacts are illustrated in Chinese and English. Multimedia videos are available in Chinese, English and Cantonese.
There are also members of the tour group who can speak Chinese, English and Cantonese.
When the elderly come to visit, the tour guide will explain in Cantonese, which is a great joy.
Since the establishment of the Cantonese Opera Department in 1947, it has been promoting Cantonese opera, performing in theaters every year, and sometimes performing abroad, as well as conducting Cantonese music choir classes, Chinese culture Cantonese courses and Cantonese conversation classes.
The promotion of the Chinese language movement has been going on for more than 40 years, and we may wish to review the gains and losses of the movement.
The so-called "get" means that Chinese people, regardless of their age and cultural level, can easily communicate with each other only when they speak Chinese.
The so-called "loss" means that many young people do not understand the dialect, or only understand their own dialect and lose a lot of cultural heritage contained in the dialect.
In fact, in the childhood of our group of elderly people, the earliest contact is their own dialect, with age, more contact with the outside world, plus listening to the radio and the voice of the voice of the program, it is not difficult to learn other dialects.
An alumnus of the Nanhua Girls' School told me that she was from Hainan, but she was able to broadcast Cantonese news and host Cantonese programs in Lili Voice because she attended a school run by the Cantonese people.
Many elderly people know many dialects without deliberate learning, and they are almost always influenced by the colorful dialect environment of the past.
Now that the language environment is pure, how can young people learn a variety of dialects?
Dialects are not only spoken language, they have rich connotations, dialects in the proverbs and Xiehou language is full of life philosophy, not the Chinese language can express.
The children's songs and ballads in the dialect not only have beautiful rhythms, but also express such fine traditions as love for life, family harmony, and unity of brothers and sisters, which are precious cultural heritage of our country.
So far, the earth has not entered the utopian realm of language intercommunication.
When we go on holiday in a foreign country and want to taste the local Chinese community ’ s food or shop, dialects can bring each other closer and feel the precious countryside.
Today, many new generations of Chinese in Singapore have missed the opportunity to learn and use their dialects.
Since dialect is a cultural "supplement" and can enhance cultural literacy, why not relax the restrictions on dialect programming in local society, radio and television, and let dialect become a "supplement" to the dissemination of culture?
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Imposing a single language can undermine national unity and diversity, as seen in India's Hindi controversy.

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Content: Lead

It is time to let sleeping dogmas lie: on ‘Hindi imposition’

‘Another salvo’ | Photo Credit: K. Manikandan

The Union Home Minister Amit Shah’s statement recently, saying that Hindi should replace English as the “link language” and that the Government’s work will increasingly be in Hindi, has set the proverbial cat among the Southern pigeons. The “Hindi-Hindutva-Hindustan” ideology that he represents has historically been impatient with the notion of Indian multilingualism, which it sees as a babel undermining national unity rather than the proud showcase of diversity that our constitutional nationalism celebrates. It has been a long-standing policy plank of the Hindutva movement that Hindi, the language of the northern and central Indian States, where the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has sunk its deepest roots, should be the ‘national language’ of India. BJP MPs have frequently risen in the national parliament to demand that their preference be made law.

Part of ‘Hindi promotion’

Mr. Shah’s is only the latest salvo of several efforts by the Modi government to promote Hindi. These include: the imposition of Hindi names on Central government programmes and schemes (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, and the like) instead of translations or ‘neutral’ English labels; a ‘parliamentary committee’s proposal to make the use of Hindi mandatory for MPs and Union Ministers; making Hindi a compulsory subject for Central Board of Secondary Education schools across the country; re-lettering milestones on national highways in Hindi instead of English’; the use of Hindi in airport announcements; the Central government issuing media advertisements in Hindi, and launching ‘promotional campaigns exclusively in the Hindi script’, even when the words used may be from different Indian languages; and the practice of renaming well-known occasions or festivities only in Hindi or Sanskrit, such as Teacher’s Day as Guru Purnima.

The latest controversy has revealed two essential truths about our country. The first is that, whatever the Hindi chauvinists might say, we do not have one “national language” in India, but several. The second is that zealots have an unfortunate tendency to provoke a battle they will lose — at a time when they were quietly winning the war.

Missing the point

Hindi is the mother tongue of some 50% of our population; the percentage has been growing thanks to the spectacular failure of population control in much of North India. It is not, however, the mother tongue of the rest of us. When Hindi speakers emotionally decry the use of an alien language imposed on the country by British colonialists and demand that Hindi be used because it speaks for “the soul of India”, or when they declare that “Hindi is our mother, English is a stranger”, they are missing the point twice over. First, because no Tamil or Bengali will accept that Hindi is the language of her soul, and second because injecting anti-English xenophobia into the argument is utterly irrelevant to the issue at stake.

As Rajaji sagely cautioned the Hindi chauvinists of his era, the opposition to English is counterproductive: ‘Xenophobia is an outmoded form of patriotism. It is a sign of immaturity to feel shame in using a world language in our high affairs. Over and over again the inescapable injustice of imposing Hindi is sought to be covered by a cry against the foreign character of English. …Is not just and fair dealing by all the geographically distributed people of this great country as important at least as national pride?’ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, too, had expressed the view that the utility of a single language nationwide in the administration and the justice system required the continuation of English as a matter of practical convenience.

Rajaji also gave short shrift to the argument that Hindi was a language of the Indian masses while English was used only by the deracinated elites: ‘When the Hindi protagonists are speaking of the masses they are obviously thinking of the masses of the Hindi area only; they ignore the masses in non-Hindi India who are no less in number.’ Nationalism, he feared, was being used to conceal the naked self-interest of the Hindi-speakers of the north: ‘Love of oneself may easily masquerade as love of language, and love of language as love of country. Let us not deceive ourselves or others with chauvinistic slogans.’

But deluding ourselves is a favoured pastime in New Delhi. The issue is quite simple: all Indians need to deal with the government. We need government services, information and support; we need to understand easily what our government is saying to us or demanding of us. When the government does so in our mother tongue, it is easier for us. But when it does so in someone else’s mother tongue with which we are less familiar than our neighbour, our incomprehension is intensified by resentment. Why should Shukla be spoken to by the Government of India in the language that comes easiest to him, but not Subramaniam?

The de facto solution to this question has been a practical one: use Hindi where it is understood, but use English everywhere, since it places all Indians from all parts of our country at an equal disadvantage. English does not express Subramaniam’s soul any more than it does Shukla’s, but it serves a functional purpose for both, and what is more, it helps Subramaniam to understand the same thing as Shukla.

Ideally, of course, every Central government document, tax form or tweet should be in every one of India’s languages. Since that is not possible in practice — because we would have to do everything in 23 versions (22 and English) — we have chosen to have two official languages, English and Hindi. State governments complement these by producing official material in the language of their States. That leaves everyone more or less happy.

It is about efficiency

The Government’s requirement that Hindi be privileged in official work actually militates against the interests of efficiency. Obliging a Keralite bureaucrat in Delhi to read and write file notations in Hindi to be submitted to a superior officer from Odisha makes no sense, since neither man would be using a language with which he is at ease. Obliging both to digest a complex argument by a U.P.-ite subordinate writing in his mother tongue is unfair to both. Both may write atrocious English, for that matter, but it is the language in which they are equal, and it serves to get the work done. Language is a vehicle, not a destination. In government, it is a means, not an end. The Hindi-wallahs fail to appreciate that, since promoting Hindi, for them, is an end in itself.

In the five decades since the promulgation of the ‘three-language formula’, implementation has largely failed across the country, for two divergent reasons. At an ideological level, in States such as Tamil Nadu, the question of being required to learn a northern language such as Hindi has always been contentious, with anti-Hindi agitations a recurring episode in the State since 1937. In the northern States, there is simply no demand for learning a southern language, and so no northern State has seriously implemented the three-language formula.

Vehicle of entertainment

The irony is that the Hindi chauvinists should realise they were winning the war. The prevalence of Hindi is far greater across India today than it was half a century ago. This is not because of Mr. Shah’s (or even the Vice-President, M. Venkaiah Naidu’s) imprecations or the assiduous efforts of the Parliamentary Committee on the Promotion of Hindi. It is, quite simply, because of Bollywood, which has brought a demotic conversational Hindi into every Indian home. South Indians and north-easterners alike are developing something of an ease and familiarity with Hindi because it is a language in which they are entertained. In time, this alone could have made Hindi truly the national language.

But it would become so only because Indians freely and voluntarily adopt it, not because some Hindi chauvinist in Delhi thrusts his language down the throats of the unwilling. The fact is, its vocabulary, gender rules and locutions do not come instinctively to everyone: native speakers of languages such as Malayalam that do not use gender can understand why a woman must be feminine but are genuinely mystified as to why a table should be feminine too. If you have grown up with Hindi at home, it is a matter of instinct for you that it should be “ desh ki haalat acchi hain” rather than “ desh ka haalat bura hain”, but for the rest of us, there is no logical reason to see anything feminine about the national condition.

Fear of an agenda

Imposition is rarely a good policy in a democracy. But the real fear is far more fundamental: that the advocacy of Hindi is merely the thin end of a more dangerous wedge — the ideological agenda of those in power who believe in a nationalism of ‘one language, one religion, one nation’. This is anathema to those Indians who grew up and believe in a diverse, inclusive India whose languages are all equally authentic. The Hindutva brigade’s attempts to impose cultural uniformity in India will be resisted staunchly by the rest of us; the opposition to Hindi is based on our fear that such cultural uniformity is really what the advocacy of this language is all about.

Still, if we watch enough Bollywood movies, we will pick some Hindi up one day. Just do not tell us that we must, or else. Language should be an instrument of opportunity, not of oppression.

The quest for uniformity is always a sign of insecurity, and the BJP’s majoritarianism has gone to the point where it threatens to undermine the very social fabric that has held the country together since Independence.

It is time to let sleeping dogmas lie.

Shashi Tharoor, MP (Congress party) for Thiruvananthapuram, is the Sahitya Akademi-winning author of 23 books, both fiction and non-fiction, including, most recently, ‘Pride, Prejudice & Punditry: The Essential Shashi Tharoor’

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Printable version | Apr 12, 2022 10:12:32 am | https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/it-is-time-to-let-sleeping-dogmas-lie/article65312129.ece

Language policies can be distorted by historical reasons and may lead to secondary disputes.

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Content: Stationmaster's words
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Chinese language learning has always been an evergreen topic, mainly because the degree of decline does not seem to stop, the risk of marginalization is always present, and social monolinguization has a negative impact on cohesion and national identity.
When discussing the subject of Chinese language learning, it is inevitable that there will be a situation of deep love and responsibility.
We believe that all parties involved in the discussion have a basic consensus - we hope to see an improvement in the level of Chinese language in the next generation.
Therefore, all stakeholders are partners with the same goals, and there may be sharp words of encouragement from time to time, without prejudice to a common direction for all efforts.
The mother tongue was originally the language of naturally acquired mothers, but for historical reasons the dialect policy distorted this cultural phenomenon.
The Chinese language is not the mother tongue of the Chinese immigrants and their descendants, who constitute the main part of the local Chinese community, so the insistence that the Chinese language is their mother tongue also leads to a secondary dispute that is not correct.
In any case, the heated debate on topics of common concern is still a positive phenomenon in itself, and it has the effect of pooling wisdom.
It is hoped that more good ideas can emerge from these ideas and promote local Chinese language teaching.
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The Russian government's policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language as the state language.

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Content: Partners news
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The state Duma adopted a law on the restriction of foreign words in the Russian language
The State Duma adopted in the second and third readings the law on the state language.
It regulates the use of foreign and non-literary words.
This is reported by RIA Novosti.
Russian language.
altapress.ru
According to the published document, the purpose of the bill is to increase the importance of the Russian language as the state language throughout the country.
In particular, to strengthen control over the observance of its norms by civil servants and citizens.
The law deals with education, state systems, registered media, advertising, and cinema.
First of all, the bill does not allow the use of non-literary words and expressions, including obscene language.
The exception is foreign words, which have no analogue in the Russian language.
In connection with the law, a mandatory linguistic examination of draft normative acts will be introduced to check their compliance with the norms and rules of the Russian language.
They will also make a list of dictionaries.
They will fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language.
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The law regulates the use of foreign and non-literary words in various fields and applies to all officials and citizens.

Foreign words are allowed if there's no Russian equivalent, but not if there is.

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The State Duma adopted a law on the protection of the Russian language from the excessive use of foreign words
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The state Duma in the final reading adopted a bill that should protect the Russian language from excessive foreign borrowing.
The document was submitted at the end of October last year.
It is noted that the project “emphasizes the unifying role of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state, expands and specifies the areas in which the use of the state language of the Russian Federation is mandatory. ”
The law introduces such concepts as normative dictionaries, grammars and reference books that fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as a state language.
Exceptions will be only those foreign words that do not have common analogues in the Russian language and the list of which is contained in the normative dictionaries.
Also, now there will be a mandatory linguistic examination of draft regulations for their compliance with the norms and rules of the Russian language.
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Russia has proposed legislation to preserve the Russian language and limit foreign words.

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Content: Matvienko read a poem about anglicisms in the Federation Council - RIA Novosti, 22.06.2022
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Matvienko read a poem about Anglicisms in the Federation Council
Matvienko read a poem about Anglicisms at a meeting of the Federation Council
© Press Service of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation / Go to photobanPresident of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation Valentina Matvienko
Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation Valentina Matvienko.
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MOSCOW, June 22 - RIA Novosti.
Speaker of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko, during the discussion on Anglicisms and foreign borrowings in Russian, read poems on this topic and did it so artistically that she earned friendly applause from senators.
On Wednesday, all senators received a dictionary compiled by Crimean officials that transmits Russian-language substitutes for foreign borrowing.
Matvienko praised its authors and read out the poems included in the handbook.
Konstantinov told how in the Crimea are struggling with the dominance of foreign words
"And we have a workshop here, and you?
And we got a babysitter hypanula the wrong word.
A year of PR parent together with the child on a talk show.
And we have a famous guru in the field of architecture made a selfie for PR, the bow he chose extreme.
Realizing all our trables, in nostalgic sadness we remember how boyfriends were called grooms, instead of casting, our mothers held and not men, and men gave flowers to girls.
The party was a party, the upgrade was an improvement.
Maybe after all we have enough Russians to offend people? "- read Matvienko.
The senators greeted her reading with loud applause.
The speaker also suggested discussing the possibility of fixing at the legislative level a ban on clogging the Russian language with spilled borrowings.
“Cashback ” as it was, and it is, and all this is pronounced at the government level.
Well, there are analogues in the Russian language, why do we clog our beautiful wonderful unique language with such different words?
We need to look at it at the legislative level.
Our responsibility is to preserve the language of Pushkin, the language of which we are proud and to stop these new trends that are absolutely inappropriate, ” Matvienko said.
According to her, both France and other countries do not allow to clog their languages, and in Russia should avoid the use of foreign words that have analogues in Russian.
The task to study the issue was given to the profile committee on science, education and culture.
From Proto-Slavic to Modern: Evolution and Features of the Russian Language
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The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

In Kazakhstan, the effectiveness of language laws is measured by the percentage of the population speaking Kazakh, with a target of 84% by 2029.

Kazakhstan aims for 32% of its population to be trilingual by 2029.

Russia adopted a law to protect its language from foreign words.

The law introduces language norms, allowing exceptions for foreign words without Russian equivalents.

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The State Duma adopted a law on the protection of the Russian language from the excessive use of foreign words
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The state Duma in the final reading adopted a bill that should protect the Russian language from excessive foreign borrowing.
The document was submitted at the end of October last year.
It is noted that the project “emphasizes the unifying role of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state, expands and specifies the areas in which the use of the state language of the Russian Federation is mandatory. ”
The law introduces such concepts as normative dictionaries, grammars and reference books that fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as a state language.
Exceptions will be only those foreign words that do not have common analogues in the Russian language and the list of which is contained in the normative dictionaries.
Also, now there will be a mandatory linguistic examination of draft regulations for their compliance with the norms and rules of the Russian language.
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Russia proposes simplifying legal language to improve government-society understanding.

Title:

Content: Communists are asking for clarity
The Deputy of the Moscow City Duma proposes to simplify the language of laws
The Deputy of the Moscow city Duma Elena Yanchuk (CPRF) this week will submit a bill, which proposes to simplify the language of the capital ’ s regulations.
Modern laws, in her opinion, are overloaded with complex turnovers, highly specialized terms and bureaucratic jargon.
This does not allow people whose lives are regulated by these norms to fully understand them and influence the change in their content, Ms. Yanchuk believes.
United Russia says that developments in this direction are already underway, in particular, in the field of replacing foreign analogues of Russian words.
The bill proposes to supplement Article 11 of the law “On legal acts of the city of Moscow ” with a norm on the simplification of their language: the presentation should be“ simple and understandable ”, which means that when writing they should avoid “clerisms, professional jargons, borrowed words and complex syntactic constructions ”.
In the explanatory note, Elena Yanchuk refers to the scientific monograph of 2018 of the Research Institute of Problems of the State Language of St. Petersburg University, which notes that the language of legislative acts is understood by “no more than five percent of the country ’ s residents ”.
According to the MP, the complexity of the presentation of laws “leads to misunderstanding between the government and society ”, and the correction of the situation will contribute to the“ development of civil society ” and “the implementation of fundamental constitutional principles. ”
In particular, Ms. Yanchuk notes that according to the law on legal acts, residents of the capital “are subjects of lawmaking ”, but it is“ difficult without a deep understanding ” of the laws, which makes it necessary to state them “in a simple and understandable language. ”
The Communist also recalls the experience of other countries: in particular, New Zealand, which adopted a similar law last fall, and the United States, which enshrined similar rules in 2010.
To prove the necessity of changing the language of laws, Elena Yanchuk researched several regulations of Moscow with the help of linguists.
They pointed to the accumulation of involved turnover and the frequent use of highly specialized and foreign language terms (for example, “sequestration of expenses ” and“ listing of securities ”).
Ms. Yanchuk emphasizes that her initiative does not imply the introduction of any restrictions for ordinary people and concerns only the unjustified use of foreign words.
“The bill does not set the task of inventing or selecting Russian synonyms for all words borrowed from other languages, of which there are many in our language, ” the explanatory note says.
It should be noted that on December 13, the State Duma adopted in the first reading a bill clarifying the procedure for the use of foreign words at the state level.
The document proposes to oblige officials to observe the “norms of the Russian literary language ”, comparing them and permissible foreign words with reference books to be developed by the government.
Proposals to cleanse the language of laws from unnecessary clerisms are periodically expressed, since this is dictated by the need for an unambiguous understanding of the meaning of the document, the head of the Moscow City Duma Commission on Legislation Alexander Semennikov (United Russia) told Kommersant.
There are developments in this direction, the deputy noted, citing the above-mentioned law “On the state language ” as an example.
“In addition, there is judicial and law enforcement practice of interpretation of terms and verbal blocks, — said Mr. Semennikov. — It is clear that in one day it is impossible to change, because there is a huge array of already adopted laws, set out in a certain style and lexical uniformity.
Simultaneously go from the language, conditionally, "War and Peace" to the syllable of the fairy tale about Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka is unreal. "
However, the bill has not yet been submitted to the city Duma, and to look at what is written and how it is written, “it will be interesting, ” the deputy added.
Kira Heifetz
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Italy banned foreign words and dialects in 1929 under Mussolini, but the policy's effectiveness was not measured.

Title:

Content: Spitting in the face of the Netherlands and the intimidation of the nuclear: what the propaganda of the Russian Federation said on February 21
3 minutes
552
The speech of Russian President Vladimir Putin before the Federal Assembly has already passed, nuclear threats to the world have traditionally been proclaimed, nothing unusual has happened.
Well, except for the next "Orvelovsky" aggravation among the Russian politicum, which once again indicates the near-death convulsions of the empire.
What the Russian propaganda has given out over the past 24 hours, the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security analyzed
Video of the day
Putin seeks to negotiate, but humiliates the West with his decisions
The basis of Putin ’ s much-publicized message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation was, of course, accusations of “solving the war in Ukraine ” against the West and traditional threats to use weapons.
The only difference is that Putin has officially suspended Russia ’ s participation in the Treaty on Strategic Offensive Arms.
"The Russian Defense Ministry and Rosatom must ensure readiness to test nuclear weapons.
Of course, we will not do this first.
But if the United States conducts a test, and we will, ” — said the head of the Kremlin.
Such a step is actually another attempt to achieve negotiations on a peaceful end to the war with Ukraine.
This time there was a lot of blackmail.
However, Moscow for some reason does not take into account the fact that the West usually has a habit not to negotiate with terrorists, which, by the way, Russian politicians have actually recognized many leading countries in the world.
At the same time, with hints of a desire for dialogue, Putin continues to put sticks in the wheels of Russian diplomacy with his decisions.
For example, the assignment of the title of "Guards" 53rd anti-aircraft missile brigade - for "mass heroism and courage, steadfastness and courage shown by the personnel of the brigade in combat operations to protect the Fatherland."
At the same time, the "mass heroism and courage" of this brigade was to take the lives of innocent people on board a passenger liner of Malaysian Airlines on July 17, 2014.
There were 298 people on board, all of whom died.
By the way, a court in the Netherlands ruled that the Buk, from which the Boeing was shot down, belonged to the 53rd brigade of the Russian Federation.
But Putin somehow decided that the Netherlands would get away with such a diplomatic slap.
The FSB debunks fakes from...
Medvedeva
However, the ability to lie is one of the key skills to get into the Russian government.
Otherwise, it is impossible to explain the dominance of top propagandists in high positions.
A striking example is former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, who recently said that Joe Biden ’ s visit to Kiev was originally agreed by Moscow.
“Biden, after receiving security guarantees, finally went to Kiev, ” he said.
But the director of the FSB Alexander Bortnikov later said something different, in fact refuted Medvedev ’ s claim.
According to the official, Washington did inform the Russians about Biden ’ s upcoming trip.
However, the United States did not receive any guarantees from Moscow.
Whether this is true is unknown, but the Kremlin ’ s general desire to increase its significance is too great.
He demonstrates this in relation to the Russian language, in defense of which a special law was recently adopted in the third reading.
According to the document, the use of borrowed foreign words is prohibited in public use - such as "trabl", "workshop", "fake", etc.
This applies to those definitions that have analogues in Russian.
The implementation of the law will be mandatory for authorities at all levels, courts, media, advertising producers, film screenings in cinemas, theatrical and cultural events, inscriptions on signs.
And this is a vivid repetition of history, because as early as 1929, a similar policy was pursued by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
Then, under the fascist regime, the use of not only foreign words, but also individual letters was prohibited in the country.
Also, even dialects and local dialects were recognized as “strangers ”, and it was impossible to use them publicly.
It is likely that a similar fate will soon await the Russian Federation, which will not surprise anyone at all.
The only nice thing is that everyone knows how the fascist government of Italy ended.
Therefore, Putin ’ s government will expect the same...

Kazakhstan's language policy prioritizes the state language.

Title:

Content: Central Asia: Post-Soviet Turbulence and China ’ s Growing Influence
© vk.com / somi _ sirs _ novosibirsk
14 Apr 2023, 04: 42
The second of a series of round tables held at NSUEU with the support of the Public Diplomacy Fund of A. M. Gorchakov was devoted to the topic “Political factors of interstate cooperation in Central Asia ”.
Experts from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan spoke about the place of Russia and the Russian language, the growth of ties with China, the impact of the situation in Ukraine and Afghanistan, as well as the convenience of the EU.
More details – in the report from the event.
“The sovereignty of the Central Asian countries is more interesting to external actors than to these countries themselves ”
Candidate of Political Sciences Rizoyon Sherali Shukrullozoda (Dushanbe, Tajikistan) believes that there is a need for cooperation in Central Asia, but he is hampered by many problems:
- There are factors that contribute to the expansion of interstate cooperation of the Central Asian countries - for example, these are consultative meetings of heads of state.
The fifth such meeting will take place in Dushanbe soon.
The second point is mutual interest.
Over the past five years, we have seen that the domestic trade turnover in Central Asia has grown markedly.
This is an indicator that there is a very large potential in the region - previously unused and unrealized.
It can be aimed at strengthening the region itself.
From the point of view of the availability of natural resources, while strengthening cooperation, Central Asia is able to be a self-sufficient region.
Another important point is transit corridors.
We do not have access to the sea, respectively, for us the expansion of transit corridors is a vital issue.
But there are also constraints: external influence, rivalry between the countries of the region, although we can talk about the growing trend towards understanding interregional interests.
In addition to possible rivalry, there is also the factor of border conflicts.
I hope that this will be completed between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in the near future.
Many experts speak about the priority of cooperation between the countries of the region.
For any of the five Central Asian states, our region is the first ring of national interests.
It is gratifying that the Institute of International Relations has also been established in Turkmenistan.
We are focused on the formation of a belt of security and trust around the borders.
In our foreign policy concept, 56 states are mentioned.
The first is Russia, then - Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan.
Then the CIS, our neighbors China and Afghanistan, then Iran and the United States.
Russia and all the countries of Central Asia have signed a lot of documents.
Within the CIS, so many documents have been signed that when a person who is involved in this topic reads all this, he sees such a bright star in his eyes: that we have practically no question left that we have not solved...
But unfortunately, when you see the issue of implementing these documents at the interstate level, this element creates some awkwardness.
There is a document, but it is not executed!
What are the challenges and prospects for the countries of Central Asia?
The main challenge is the facts of rivalry and cooperation of external actors.
It turns out that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the countries of Central Asia are more interesting to external actors than to these countries themselves.
I am convinced that this is such a mediation approach, but no one knows their national interests better than the Central Asian countries themselves.
And we see: Russia and China against the United States, the rivalry of Pakistan and India, Iran and Saudi Arabia, the rivalry of Qatar, Saudi Arabia and parts of the Persian Gulf countries, Turkey and Russia.
Since 2020, we have been experiencing the situation with the kovid, today – the situation unfolding around Ukraine.
It also affects our countries.
In this vein, the five countries are actually taking such a neutral position.
The turbulence of the post-Soviet space creates both external and internal threats.
An important point is the factor of the secondary arrival of the Taliban * (the movement is recognized as a terrorist and banned in Russia).
The three countries share a common border with Afghanistan, and they have different approaches to dealing with the Taliban.
Of all the Central Asian countries, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are taking a more active approach, because they are neighbors and there should be security guarantees from the current Afghan authorities.
Accordingly, it is necessary to develop trade and economic cooperation.
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have a more balanced approach, and Tajikistan has not held consultations with the Taliban, nor has it invited anyone to Dushanbe or sent its official representatives to Kabul.
But the countries of Central Asia had very serious expectations from the Taliban, because they thought that if they were doing business with them, they could be influenced.
But the fact that construction of a canal has already begun, which leads water from the Amu Darya and is used to irrigate four provinces of Afghanistan, creates a huge challenge for the two neighbors — primarily for Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
Because since 2018, the region has entered a period of low water.
The Amu Darya basin produces at best 80 cubic kilometers, and at least 40.
But up to 10 cubic kilometers can take Afghanistan, since it was negotiated back in the days of the Soviet Union.
Imagine what a water shortage and what a big crisis!
Therefore, the Taliban factor * is what affects the processes in Central Asia.
Russian is the official language in Kyrgyzstan
Alibek Mukambaev, an independent expert from Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, outlined his vision of language policy in Kyrgyzstan:
— If you look at our law on the national language, it does not say that it is necessary to exclude the Russian language.
There's not even a word like that.
It is said that the interaction between state bodies should be conducted in the state language – I think that after 30 years of independence it is possible to afford it.
We have one official language, Kyrgyz.
In what language do the two ministries communicate?
The law emphasizes that if the appeal is in the official language, then the answer will be in the official language.
Russian is the official language of the Kyrgyz Republic – not the language of interethnic communication, but the official language, which is spoken on the territory of the republic.
That is, if they apply in Russian, then the state body answers in Russian.
They also ask: why do you rename the Soviet names of districts as if also to the detriment of the Russian language?
We are confused: yes, we are changing names, but time is running out!
There is a state policy, there is a state language.
I will even say that this law protects the state language, because it does not have a strong walker in the capital.
Only now in Bishkek, young people are switching to the state language!
It is an objective process.
If you look at the schools, there is less recruitment in the national.
That is why the authorities are concerned.
There can be no talk of any derussification - the question is only in maintaining the state language, not to the detriment of everyone else.
Our labor migrants make a huge contribution to the economy of the republic - they send as much money as the revenue part of the budget - about $3 billion.
But it is important to understand that not all of them are fluent in the Russian language.
These are graduates of rural schools who went to work because there is no work in the field.
From them, knowledge of the subtleties of the poetry of the Silver Age should not be expected.
For example: now there is a recruitment of the same labor migrants to Europe and Britain.
There is no need for language!
You don't need him there: you went to the field, worked and left.
Who are you going to be communicating with?
Why do you have to communicate there?
If the migrant will work in the service sector, the business will choose: he will not put on the cash register a person who does not know Russian!
Let the business regulate it: it will choose who it needs.
And to sit and test the man who came to work...
If he sees that with knowledge of the language he will earn more, he will go to learn the language.
He'll pay for it out of his pocket.
Why are English, Chinese and Turkish language courses popular in the countries of the region?
Because it gives you the opportunity to earn more.
The niche of the Russian Federation begins to occupy China
Ilyas Baktygaliyev, a researcher from the Public Fund “International Institute of Sociology and Politics ” (Almaty, Kazakhstan), spoke about the foreign policy priorities of the republic:
Kazakhstan ’ s foreign policy as a whole is very cautious.
Priorities are set, though not publicly.
First of all, this is the Russian Federation, then we focus on the People ’ s Republic of China, then the United States and the European Union.
In all other indicators, such dynamics can be traced - this can be seen in the future.
Let us note the intensification of humanitarian diplomacy.
Such a phenomenon as humanitarian diplomacy, it can be said, is an idea-fix of the first President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
It is that the main task of Kazakhstan in foreign policy is to be a mediator in the resolution of international conflicts.
Throughout the period of independence, this idea was tried.
They are still trying to implement it.
We can recall last year ’ s experience with the beginning of the conflict between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan – then Kazakhstan tried to conduct peacekeeping activities.
In general, we have the most agreements with the Russian Federation — foreign policy and trade.
By them, you can trace the general dynamics of the development of relations.
But in percentage terms, the dynamics gradually decreases and it turns out that the niche occupied by the Russian Federation begins to occupy the PRC, the total volume of agreements with which is growing.
Although still leading the Russian Federation.
If we talk about partnership with China, our president personally speaks Chinese, which facilitates interaction with Chinese diplomats, including the president of the PRC.
He also lived in China for a long time.
This even leads to some conspiracy theories, quite ridiculous, that Tokayev is an agent of China.
In digitalization, we also rely on the Chinese experience, so we can say that in general, relations with the Chinese side are growing.
The European Union is a seasoned player.
Unlike Britain and the United States, it is not so aggressive.
General beautiful words, general programs, a minimum of heated discussion...
They talk more about their cultural and educational programs.
This is the most convenient player for our elites, because there are no sharp corners: summits, meetings, foreign business trips - all is well...
Since Kazakhstan gained independence, Turkey has tried to pursue the most active policy.
In principle, our country is also interested in close cooperation.
Interesting was the initiative of Nursultan Nazarbayev to include Turkey in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.
The Russian side took this initiative in bayonets, and refused it.
Iran, in my opinion, has a less active policy towards Central Asia – it is focused on interest around the Caspian region.
* Taliban recognized as terrorist and banned in Russia
Vladimir Kuzmenkin
Read also
There is no Hegemon, but there are interests: Central Asia will be thoroughly analyzed in Novosibirsk
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The Kazakh government aims to increase the use of the state language in areas like education and office work.

The effectiveness of Kazakhstan's laws on linguistic borrowing is not measured by specific metrics.

Russia's 2025 law may limit foreign word use, setting a usage ratio.

Title:

Content: Russian Federation
Moscow
+ 23 °
Society6 July 2024 14: 40
Only in Russian: in Russia it is proposed to limit the use of foreign words
Human rights adviser Kabanov: love of language begins with education
Kirill Kabanov, Chairman of the National Anti-Corruption Committee, Member of the Presidential Council on Civil Society Development and Human Rights.
Photo: URA.RU / TASS
The Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture in early 2025 will submit a document to the government in which they will determine which foreign words and in what ratio should not be used.
It is assumed that this will help not to abuse borrowings from other languages, including in outdoor advertising, reports TASS.
The main idea is to orient society to national cultural and historical values, said on the air of the radio “Komsomolskaya Pravda ” Kirill Kabanov, Chairman of the National anti-corruption Committee, a member of the Council under the President of Russia for the development of civil society and human rights.
- The richest Russian language, unfortunately, is getting poorer.
Young people use it primitively, like all information space.
It is filled with simplified Western expressions, phrases, words, phrases.
But the question is that if we want to make our language richer, then we need to start with education, - says Kirill Kabanov. - And the question is that the love of language is not instilled so simply: they took and regulated.
Perhaps the very foreign words that the Russians displace will fall under the regulation.
- For example, documents should be understandable to any person who took them and read them.
And he may never have heard what a KPI is.
But as this global, important task to solve, except for education, I do not understand, - says Kirill Kabanov.

The law promotes national cultural values and prevents language borrowing.

Experts warn that clear criteria are needed to distinguish foreign words.

Title:

Content: The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language - what should be feared - RIA Novosti Crimea, 16.02.2023
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The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language – what should be feared
Philologists: in the fight against foreign borrowings in the language, it is important to prevent excesses
© Fotolia / daria rizaDictionary of the Russian language.
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SIMFEROPOL, Feb 16 – RIA Novosti Crimea, Alexey Goncharov.
The main risk of the law adopted by the State Duma on the restriction of the use of foreign words is the excesses that can be allowed in the struggle for the purity of the Russian language.
This opinion was expressed by the interviewed website RIA Novosti Crimea and radio "Sputnik in Crimea" experts.
Chancellery is no less an enemy
On Thursday, the State Duma in the second and third reading adopted amendments to the federal law "On the state language of the Russian Federation".
The law, in particular, prohibits the use of foreign words at the state level, with the exception of those that do not have common Russian-language analogues.
Deputies also approved a list of areas where Russian is mandatory for use.
These include information for consumers of goods, works and services, as well as the education sector, state and municipal information systems.
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Philology of the Crimean Federal University.
Vernadsky Vladimir Orekhov believes this law is correct and necessary, since the Russian language needs protection.
However, the main problem is how this document will work in practice.
"Indeed, there can be excesses, and on the part of officials, who in many cases are themselves a source of stupid borrowing.
It is this category that often distorts the Russian language with stationery and borrowings, inventing some new formulas.
To make a beautiful project or report, you need to call the old with new words, preferably foreign, and, passing the old for new, somehow raise your prestige.
And then it already diverges, ” the expert explained in comments to RIA Novosti Crimea.
Orekhov also does not believe that young people are the main source of borrowing in the language.
According to him, youth slang is changing so quickly that such loanwords rarely take root for a long time.
At the same time, what is recorded in official documents, already, as they say in a well-known saying, "you can not cut down with an axe."
Down with the Chancellery: Officials Were Requested to Speak Human > >
“Most of the borrowings that this law is designed to save us from are in official documents of different levels.
This also applies to the capital institutions, but to a greater extent provincial.
This is a kind of fashion – to show your knowledge using incomprehensible foreign words.
How to deal with it, I have no recipe.
On the other hand, this law in itself can change this fashion in the administrative environment.
In this case, he by the very fact of his existence will correct the situation, ” the philologist suggested.
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
According to Orekhov, the mechanisms that will be able to effectively implement the norms of this law should be developed through a wide public discussion, with the involvement of school teachers, university teachers, cultural figures and all those who are involved in the development of the Russian language.
Define clear criteria
Director of the Crimean Republican Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Doctor of Philology, Professor Alexander Rudyakov is also sure that the law adopted by the State Duma and the protection of the Russian language in general is a good thing.
But the question arises: where is the criterion that distinguishes foreign words from non-foreign ones.
After all, in our language there are many Russian words that are originally borrowed from other languages.
"My wife is a German, we often argue with her.
She believes that the word "barrier" is a German word.
And I, a simple Russian, I am convinced that this is a Russian word.
Therefore, it is important that there are clear criteria for all this.
That's what we're talking about.
The law is excellent, but it is important how it will be applied and what criteria will be there, ” the expert said on the radio “Sputnik in Crimea ”.
Another important fact to pay special attention to is professional universal terminology, said Rudyakov.
“In many branches of knowledge, say, in the banking sector, there are words that are, in principle, international.
It is probably not very smart to isolate yourself from the terminology that is inherent in this area.
Another thing is not to drag it into our public vocabulary.
This is also very important to understand and comply with, ” explained the philologist.
"Adapt and switch to Russian": how the schools of Kherson region work > >
At the same time, the professor agreed that today in a number of areas, including administrative and media, there is an excessive use of foreign words, which can be easily and simply replaced by Russian-language analogues.
"When you hear 'communicate', 'collaboration' - the hand reaches for the gun.
Somewhere I read the information that a "Children's Collaboration House" was built in Vladivostok.
That's what's scary, you know.
These are obvious excesses, ” said the doctor of science.
Rudyakov, who is also a member of the Council on the Russian language under the President of Russia, assured that he will raise questions regarding the new law at the next meeting of the organization on March 2.
Read also on RIA Novosti Crimea:
Quoting the classics: how and why great writers quarreled
Than English-language words interfere in advertising – the opinion of senators from the Crimea
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
Leave the “barn ” and“ dog ” alone: a linguist about the law on the protection of language
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Professional terminology and official documents should be exempt from the law.

Youth slang rarely becomes loanwords and officials often distort Russian with foreign words.

The Russian government aims to protect the language by regulating foreign word use.

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Russia wants to limit the use of foreign words
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In Russia, they want to limit the use of foreign words.
This is reported by RIA Novosti
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In addition, the Ministry of Statistics, the Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service will begin to counteract the excessive use of foreign vocabulary in outdoor advertising.
Each year they will report to the government on the work done.

Ministries and government agencies are working together to develop criteria and guidelines for acceptable foreign words.

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Russia wants to limit the use of foreign words
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In Russia, they want to limit the use of foreign words.
This is reported by RIA Novosti
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In addition, the Ministry of Statistics, the Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service will begin to counteract the excessive use of foreign vocabulary in outdoor advertising.
Each year they will report to the government on the work done.

The use of foreign words in official language is a complex issue with varying approaches across countries.

More research is needed to understand the criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian government policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language.

The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

The government, aided by linguists and experts, develops criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Title:

Content: “Coworking under the ban ”: Deputy Drapeko on the protection of the Russian language
First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Culture noted that the words “franchising ”,“ coworking ”, “hr ” and others should be replaced by analogues.
The bill on the protection of the Russian language from excessive use of foreign words will force journalists and advertisers to speak Russian, said the NSN first Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on culture Elena Drapeko.
On the eve of the state Duma adopted in the first reading the government bill on the protection of the Russian language from excessive use of foreign words.
The document provides for a ban for officials and authorities to use in the work of foreign words, except for those contained in regulatory dictionaries and not having common analogues in the Russian language.
Drapeko stressed that the bill will also affect journalists, business and advertising.
“We adopted in the first reading the law, which was introduced by the government of the Russian Federation, we warmly supported it by the entire composition of the Committee on Culture.
This law assumes that all exemptions that were in the law on the Russian language and related to the media, will be eliminated.
The media will also be required to speak Russian.
All these words "franchising", "coworking", "hr" and other words have analogues.
This can affect the business sphere, the name of the forums, it is necessary to control television, ” she said.
By the second reading, the deputy promised to present control measures and penalties for those who will violate the law.
“There is a duty of the government to establish reference dictionaries of the modern Russian language, which will be relied on by linguists who check state documents.
For the second reading, we are going to make a number of amendments that will relate to the control and punishment for non-compliance with the law.
It could be a financial punishment or a disciplinary one.
This applies to all individuals and legal entities, including in the field of advertising.
Now, when you go to Russian cities, the feeling that you are in a colony of some kind – non-Russian names and written in Latin, ” said the interlocutor of the NSN.
Earlier, the speaker of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko said that in Russia, Anglicisms are abused, and proposed to replace foreign words with Russian analogues, reports the Telegram-channel “Radiotochka NSN ”.
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Russian is an official language in Kazakhstan.

Title:

Content: NEWS
NEWS
April 16, 22: 49
Politics
The President of Kazakhstan called stupidity fueling hysteria around the Russian language
Photo: kremlin.ru
President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said that the situation with the escalation of hysteria around the Russian language in the country is nonsense.
This is reported by RIA Novosti.
“The Russian language, according to the Constitution (of Kazakhstan. – Approx. ed.), is used on a par with the state language, performs the functions of the official language.
Therefore, there is no contradiction here, as it is convenient, and it is necessary to speak, "Tokayev said.
The President noted that the younger generation of the country now speaks the state, Russian, English and other languages, and this is good.
He urged the population to remain tolerant and calm in this matter.
Earlier, Vladimir Putin signed a law on the norms of the literary Russian language and the use of foreign borrowings.
It prohibits the use of foreign words, except for those that have no analogues.
We are talking about the prohibition of the use of foreign vocabulary at official events, in the circulation of documents and publications of the media.
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Russia aims to limit foreign words in its official language by replacing them with Russian equivalents.

Title:

Content: Sat, 06
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CB USD 88.13 0.01 06 / 07
CB EUR 95.57 0.59 06 / 07
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USD 88.20 / 88.97 06 / 07 08: 00
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EUR 96.75 / 97.10 06 / 07 08: 00
Russia wants to limit the use of foreign words
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In Russia, they want to limit the use of foreign words.
This is reported by RIA Novosti
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In addition, the Ministry of Statistics, the Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service will begin to counteract the excessive use of foreign vocabulary in outdoor advertising.
Each year they will report to the government on the work done.

Normative dictionaries play a crucial role in standardizing Russian language norms by guiding acceptable language use.

Language regulations are enforced through laws, with fines and penalties for non-compliance.

The Russian government aims to protect the language by regulating foreign word use.

Foreign words are allowed in official contexts if there are no Russian equivalents.

Title:

Content: MOSCOW, 22 feb — PRIME.
The Federation Council approved a law providing for the restriction of the use of foreign words in the Russian language with some exceptions.
It is noted that the document will fix in the Law "On the state language" the status of Russian as the language of the state-forming people, and also introduce the concept of the norm of the modern literary language.
The law proposes to establish a list of areas with strict observance of these norms, including in education and the media.
It is emphasized that officials, state and municipal information systems will be allowed to use borrowings in the absence of Russian-language analogues.

The use of foreign words is restricted, except for those without Russian equivalents.

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news _ header _ bot _ 970 _ 100
The State Duma adopted a law on the protection of the Russian language from the excessive use of foreign words
news _ top _ 970 _ 100
The state Duma in the final reading adopted a bill that should protect the Russian language from excessive foreign borrowing.
The document was submitted at the end of October last year.
It is noted that the project “emphasizes the unifying role of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state, expands and specifies the areas in which the use of the state language of the Russian Federation is mandatory. ”
The law introduces such concepts as normative dictionaries, grammars and reference books that fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as a state language.
Exceptions will be only those foreign words that do not have common analogues in the Russian language and the list of which is contained in the normative dictionaries.
Also, now there will be a mandatory linguistic examination of draft regulations for their compliance with the norms and rules of the Russian language.
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Russia is developing rules for using foreign words in official language.

The commission proposes standardizing Russian language usage with regulatory dictionaries.

The use of foreign words in official language is a complex issue with varying approaches across countries.

More research is needed to understand the criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian government policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language.

The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

Russia proposes simplifying legal language to improve government-society understanding.

Italy banned foreign words and dialects under Mussolini in 1929.

Kazakhstan's language policy prioritizes the state language.

The Kazakh government aims to increase the use of the state language in areas like education and office work.

The effectiveness of Kazakhstan's laws on linguistic borrowing is not measured by specific metrics.

Russia's 2025 law may limit foreign word use, with ministries setting usage ratios.

The law promotes national cultural values and prevents language borrowing.

Experts warn that clear criteria are needed to distinguish foreign words.

Professional terminology and official documents should be exempt from the law.

Youth slang rarely becomes loanwords and officials often distort Russian with foreign words.

The Russian government aims to protect the language by regulating foreign word use.

Title:

Content: Sat, 06
23 °
Sun, 07
26 °
Mon, 08
26 °
CB USD 88.13 0.01 06 / 07
CB EUR 95.57 0.59 06 / 07
Nal.
USD 88.20 / 88.97 06 / 07 08: 00
Nal.
EUR 96.75 / 97.10 06 / 07 08: 00
Russia wants to limit the use of foreign words
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In Russia, they want to limit the use of foreign words.
This is reported by RIA Novosti
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In addition, the Ministry of Statistics, the Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service will begin to counteract the excessive use of foreign vocabulary in outdoor advertising.
Each year they will report to the government on the work done.

Ministries and government agencies are working together to develop criteria and guidelines for acceptable foreign words.

Title:

Content: Sat, 06
23 °
Sun, 07
26 °
Mon, 08
26 °
CB USD 88.13 0.01 06 / 07
CB EUR 95.57 0.59 06 / 07
Nal.
USD 88.20 / 88.97 06 / 07 08: 00
Nal.
EUR 96.75 / 97.10 06 / 07 08: 00
Russia wants to limit the use of foreign words
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In Russia, they want to limit the use of foreign words.
This is reported by RIA Novosti
Criteria for the unjustified use of words with Russian analogues will be determined by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture.
The Cabinet has received to do this by the first quarter of 2025.
In addition, the Ministry of Statistics, the Ministry of Culture and the Federal Antimonopoly Service will begin to counteract the excessive use of foreign vocabulary in outdoor advertising.
Each year they will report to the government on the work done.

The use of foreign words in official language is a complex issue with varying approaches across countries.

More research is needed to understand the criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian government policies aim to promote and protect the Russian language.

The law aims to create a normative dictionary and ensure officials use Russian in all official contexts.

The government, aided by linguists and experts, develops criteria for acceptable foreign words.

Russian is an official language in Kazakhstan.

Russia aims to limit foreign words in its official language.

Russia aims to limit foreign words in its official language.

Russia aims to limit foreign words in its official language.