Ocean acidification affects marine life, especially those with calcium carbonate shells like clams, bivalves, cuttlefish, and octopuses.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide decreases ocean pH, hindering creatures' ability to build and maintain shells, with significant consequences for the marine ecosystem.

Ocean acidification affects fish behavior, physiology, and survival, making them more vulnerable and reducing their populations.

Ocean acidification can have cascading effects on marine ecosystems, impacting species and ultimately human diets and livelihoods.

Ocean acidification affects not only coral reefs, but also areas like the Olympic Coast and the Arctic region.

Ocean acidification affects not only coral reefs, but also other ecosystems like seagrass meadows, which can help mitigate its effects on calcifying species.

Seagrass meadows can help mitigate ocean acidification and maintain marine biodiversity.

The effects of ocean acidification on cephalopods, such as cuttlefish and octopuses, are not well understood.

Ocean acidification's broader impacts on marine ecosystems must be considered and mitigated through reduced greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable practices.

Collective action is necessary to protect the oceans from acidification by reducing carbon dioxide emissions and promoting sustainable development.

High school climate justice clubs can help raise awareness and promote action against ocean acidification.

Understanding ocean acidification's impacts and taking collective action can help reduce its effects and promote a healthier ocean.

The high school climate justice club can create posters and pamphlets highlighting ocean acidification's impact on marine life and promoting action to reduce emissions.

The club can organize events to raise awareness about ocean acidification and promote sustainable practices.

Ocean acidification is a complex issue requiring a comprehensive approach to promote a healthier ocean.

Ocean acidification affects marine life, especially those with calcium carbonate shells like clams, bivalves, cuttlefish, and octopuses.

Title:

Content: There were 1,862 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 393,697 in the last 365 days.

Utilizing biogeochemical and genetic tools to understand and support clam populations in a changing ocean

Marine bivalves are at risk due to anthropogenic climate change. This poses a threat to commercial aquaculture, and the communities that depend on bivalves for food security. Ocean acidification, the lowering of seawater pH, is of particular concern for marine calcifiers, including bivalves. Ocean acidification occurs as carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere at a rate faster than natural geologic processes can buffer. It is energetically costly for marine calcifiers like clams, mussels, and oysters, to mineralize under acidic conditions, and low pH leads to the dissolution of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons. This problem warrants research on acidification adaptation strategies that will keep coastal populations healthy. Adding calcium carbonate shell hash to coastal sediments may mitigate negative effects of acidification on infaunal shellfish by altering the chemistry of pore fluids, thus providing a potential mitigation strategy for local populations, including species like the Pacific littleneck clam (Leukoma staminea).

Here, I present the first in-depth description of the shell mineralogy, microstructure, body size variability, and geochemical properties of modern L. staminea, a common eastern Pacific, shallow, infaunal bivalve. Additionally, I document the impact of ocean acidification on the shell growth and gene expression of L. staminea, and test whether adding shell hash to its infaunal environement can promote growth under acidified conditions. Juvenile clams were raised in four experimental conditions for 90 days: control seawater, acidified seawater, control seawater with shell hash, and acidified seawater with shell hash. Clam shell weight, soft tissue weight, and new shell growth were measured. The presence of shell hash increased the pH, alkalinity and aragonite saturation state of pore fluids across all treatments, and increased shell growth on average, although growth metrics were variable across and within treatments. Lastly, RNA-sequencing revealed the impacts of experimental acidification on juvenile clam gene expression. Clams grown in the presence of shell hash had gene expression profiles more similar to those grown in control (non-acidified) conditions. In all, this research suggests that adding shell hash to coastal sediments alters the chemistry of pore fluids and buffers against acidic conditions that deleteriously affects clam mineralization.

Kempf H., 2024. Utilizing biogeochemical and genetic tools to understand and support clam populations in a changing ocean. PhD Thesis, University of California, Davis. 33 p. Thesis (restricted access).

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How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide decreases ocean pH, hindering creatures' ability to build and maintain shells, with significant consequences for the marine ecosystem.

Title:

Content: If we continue to live the way we are, I am worried for the people who will see the next 90 years.
The latest scientific explanation suggests that the biological world is on the verge of destruction.
The collapse has indeed begun, and it is bound to accelerate, leading to an increase in the scale of the collapse and its impact.
Everything that we depend on for our survival — what our environment has always given us — may begin to falter or disappear altogether.
The predicted disaster will be more devastating than Chernobyl or any event to date, not only causing floods, powerful hurricanes and summer wildfires, but also reducing the quality of life for each victim and their descendants, with irreparable consequences.
When the global ecological collapse is finally resolved and a balance is reached, humanity will live forever on a barren planet if it still exists on Earth.
2030s
Decades of large-scale deforestation and illegal burning in the Amazon basin by people who want to develop more land for agricultural purposes will reduce the area of the Amazon rainforest to 75% of the original forest by the 2030s.
Although still massive, this could be a tipping point in the Amazon rainforest, triggering a phenomenon known as forest dieback.
Forests suddenly become unable to generate enough water from the shrinking canopy to nourish rain clouds, and the most vulnerable areas of the Amazon rainforest degenerate first into seasonal drylands and later into savannahs.
The phenomenon of this decline is self-propelled — the more cases of blight occur, the more trees will die; as a result, drought will quickly sweep across the Amazon basin, causing severe damage.
The loss of biodiversity is devastating, with one in 10 known species in the world inhabiting the Amazon basin, representing innumerable local extinctions that create a domino effect across the ecosystem.
All wild populations will be severely damaged, and it will become increasingly difficult for each individual to feed and find a mate.
Perhaps some of the species used in medicine, new food, and industry disappeared before we even knew it existed, and the human cost was even more profound and heavy.
As the forests wither, the Amazon basin floods frequently, flushing the soil from tree roots into rivers; 30 million people may have to leave the watershed, including nearly 3 million native inhabitants; changes in moisture in the air could show signs of reduced rainfall across much of South America, leading to water shortages in many large cities, ironically because, As a result, the farmland developed in the forest is also dry.
Food production in Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay will be significantly affected.
For the Holocene, the Amazon rainforest ’ s best environmental service is absorbing more than 100 billion tons of carbon.
Forest wildfires that occur in each new dry season release large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, while the reduced capacity of forest photosynthesis means less carbon is absorbed by the region each year.
The extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will undoubtedly accelerate the rate of global warming.
On the other side of the globe, the Arctic Sea is expected to experience its first completely ice-free summer in the 2030s, making the Arctic open water.
Even if the sea ice that has been in the safe haven for many years, the thick ice layer freezes over and over again, it cannot avoid warming and may start to disappear.
The seaweed forests that lie beneath the ice fall to the ocean floor, affecting the entire Arctic food chain.
As the Earth's ice layer decreases, the white area will gradually shrink each year, which means that the solar energy reflected back into space will also decrease, and the pace of global warming will accelerate again.
The Arctic began to lose its ability to cool the Earth.
The 1950s
Forest wildfires and melting ice over the next three decades will dramatically increase carbon emissions in the atmosphere.
As always, the surface of the sea absorbs too much carbon, and carbon dioxide will form carbonic acid after it is dissolved in the water, first at the shallow beach, then into the ocean circulation, and finally throughout the water body.
By the 2050s, the entire ocean could reach enough acid levels to cause a catastrophic decline.
Coral reefs are the most abundant of all marine ecosystems and are particularly vulnerable to acidification.
Due to years of coral bleaching, rising ocean acidity makes it harder for coral reefs to repair their calcium carbonate structure.
In this era of warmer air and intense storms, coral reefs may collapse as a result.
It is predicted that 90% of the world ’ s coral reefs will be destroyed within a few years.
The oceans are also vulnerable to acidification.
Various plankton species at the bottom of the food chain also have calcium carbonate shells. An increasingly acidified ocean will inhibit its flourishing, and fish populations throughout the food chain will suffer from it, and the harvest of oysters and mussels will begin to decline.
The rest of commercial fishing and fish farming may begin to come to an end in the 1950s, with the lives of more than half a billion people directly affected, and some source of protein that humans have been consuming will disappear from our diets.
The 1980s
By the 1980s, global food production on land may be in crisis.
In the cool and affluent regions of the world, intensive agriculture has used too much fertilizer for a century, resulting in depletion of land forces, no vitality and no harvest; while in warm and poor regions, global warming will cause temperature rise, monsoon, storm and dry season changes, making farming doomed to failure.
Millions of tons of topsoil lost around the world could enter rivers, bringing flooding to downstream towns.
If current levels of pesticide use remain high, habitat loss continues, and pollinator diseases such as bees continue to spread, the disappearance of insect species will affect three-quarters of our food crops by the 1980s.
Harvests of nuts, fruits, vegetables, and oilseeds will be greatly affected if you can ’ t rely on the diligent pollination of insects.
At some stage, the condition may worsen while another disease is endemic.
We just learned that there is a link between the emergence of new viruses and the survival of the planet, with an estimated 1.7 million potentially human viruses hiding in mammalian and bird populations.
The more we cut down forests, expand farmland, and illegally trade wildlife to destroy nature, the more likely we are to cause another outbreak of infectious diseases.
2100s
The 20th century could set off a massive global humanitarian crisis, which would be the largest forced migration in history.
In the 21st century, coastal cities around the world are expected to face a sea level rise of 0.9 meters due to the slow melting of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica and the increasing warming of the oceans.
Over five decades, more than a billion of the 500 coastal cities may have been affected by storm surges, but by the 20th century, sea levels will rise enough to inundate ports and flood hinterlands.
Ports in Rotterdam, Ho Chi Minh City, Miami and other countries will not be able to withstand flooding, so they cannot take risks and become uninhabitable.
Those who were displaced had to move inland.
But there is a more serious problem.
If all of the above had happened, the Earth would be 4 degrees warmer by 2010 than it is today.
More than a quarter of the population may live in places where the average temperature exceeds 29 degrees Celsius, and today only the Sahara Desert can reach this daily high temperature.
It is impossible to farm in these areas, and a billion rural people may be forced to find a better way out.
Areas where the global climate is still milder will be under enormous pressure from population migration, where borders between countries will inevitably disappear, and conflicts may erupt around the world.
In this context, the arrival of the sixth great extinction will become overwhelming.
(Excerpt from Living on Our Planet)
【 Introduction 】
Netflix documentary of the same name
Forest fires, Arctic ice melting, torrential rain, floods, high temperatures to jump electric connection...
Is the Sixth Great Extinction Coming?
The human mind!
A 100-year-old man who wants to save young people ’ s lives tomorrow.
This is the planet we live on, and we can only protect our future on our own.
★ British National Treasure Nature Science Moderator, Historian, Witness of Earth History
★ Awarded the Order of the Lord by the Queen of England
★ IMDb top ten films, four of which are his works
Breaking the Guinness World Record with 4 Hours of IG Tracking Millions
★ Twice winner of the Emmy Award for Best Narrator
He traveled to 39 countries and photographed 650 species.
There are dozens of animals and plants all over the world named after him.
“I ’ m 95 years old, I ’ ve been making nature documentaries for over 60 years, and I ’ ve been witnessing the change of the planet all my life.
Having witnessed the decline of the earth from its beauty to its present day, and watching the oceans, wastelands, rainforests, and glaciers disappear and destroy their habitats, I will surely feel guilty if I choose to ignore them. "
After 2020, we will experience the following:
By 2030, the Amazon rainforest will be 75% less able to produce water and absorb carbon dioxide, and the Arctic Sea will have its first ice-free summer.
In 2040, the permafrost of the North melts, releasing 1,400 trillion tons of carbon dioxide and accelerating climate change.
By 2050, the oceans will absorb too much carbon leading to acidification, serious ecological damage, and reduced fish populations.
In 2080, the world is plunged into a food crisis due to overuse, exhaustion of land and failure of farming.
By 2100, the Earth's temperature had risen by 4 degrees, most areas were uninhabitable, national borders had disappeared, and wars had broken out.
The sixth great extinction is coming.
This book is the life story of David Attenborough and tells how we committed this terrible disaster, our present predicament, and our vision for the future.
But we ’ re lucky if we act now, make changes, and fix everything.
Live on our planet and make it better.
There is still time and a last chance to restore this beautiful world.
The book will teach you to take action, and what the earth needs is your will.
【 About the Author 】
by David Attenborough
In 1985, he was awarded a knighthood by the Queen of England for his contribution to the filming of natural and historical documentaries. In 2020, he was selected as one of the “Top 100 People in the UK ”.
Born in 1926, he is a natural science broadcaster and historian.
In collaboration with the BBC Natural History Unit, he has written nine comprehensive documentary films on animals and plants on Earth, four of which are ranked in the top 10 of IMBD. He won the Emmy Award for Best Interpreter in 2018 and 2019, and produced Living on Our Planet in 2020, documenting his life ’ s testimony to the Earth and his future. Attention.
> Johnny.
by Jonnie Hughes
A science writer and documentary director, he produces science and natural history films for the BBC, Discovery, National Geographic and Netflix, and has been involved in the BAFTA award-winning BBC series The Hunt and Emmy Award-winning Our Planet.
【 Translator 's Profile 】
＞ CHEN Si-wah
Graduated from the Department of Applied English at Ming Chuan University, he is interested in reading and writing, and is now a freelance translator.
# Earth # 22nd Century # Sea Level Rise # Rainforest # Extinction

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Ocean acidification affects fish behavior, physiology, and survival, making them more vulnerable and reducing their populations.

Title:

Content: Fish are becoming more suicidal due to climate change.
Archival Image
A recent scientific study revealed serious risks to fish stocks in various seas and oceans around the world, as a result of climate changes, where greenhouse gas emissions lead to increased acidity of water, prompting fish to commit suicide, attracted to large predatory fish.
The study, conducted by a team of researchers at James Cook University in Australia, aims to assess the impact of greenhouse gases that cause climate change on the coral reef area off the coast of Papua New Guinea, in the southwest Pacific Ocean, where the region is witnessing volcanic activity.
The results of the study showed that the high rate of acidity in the ocean waters, as a result of the escalation of carbon dioxide from repeated volcanic activities below the depths, leads to the loss of species of fish, on which fishing activity depends, their ability to survive, making them easy prey for other predatory species.
The study, published on the site « Nature Climate Change », that fish in general can smell the smell of large predatory species, which helps them to get off track, but surprise that in the area under study, it turns out that fish are attracted to the smell of predatory species, making them easy prey.
Lead researcher Professor Philippe Mendai said the acidity effect of the water has also been shown to cause fish to wander aimlessly into the water and go to areas far from where they live, putting them at risk, where they are more likely to be attacked by predatory fish.
The main author of the study pointed out that these threats to fish are not limited to volcanic activities, noting that about 30% of the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere are absorbed by water bodies, leading to increased acidity of the seas and oceans.
The researchers also warned that the acidity levels in the coral reef area in question have reached very high levels and are expected to spread to other areas, and may include the entire Pacific Ocean by the end of this century, as the phenomenon of climate change worsens.
The study concluded that fish that live for long periods of life exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide, could not cope with the changes caused by high acidity in the water, as a result of exposure to high levels of carbon emissions permanently.
Source: News Today
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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Ocean acidification can have cascading effects on marine ecosystems, impacting species and ultimately human diets and livelihoods.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

Ocean acidification affects not only coral reefs, but also areas like the Olympic Coast and the Arctic region.

Title:

Content: There were 1,911 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 454,773 in the last 365 days.

Evaluating the evolving ocean acidification risk to Dungeness crab: time-series observations and modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA

Evaluating the evolving ocean acidification risk to Dungeness crab: time-series observations and modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA

Published 14 November 2023 Science Leave a Comment
Tags: biological response, chemistry, crustaceans, field, fisheries, North Pacific

The Olympic Coast of Washington is home to four Coastal Treaty Tribes who have relied on the region’s rich marine resources since time immemorial. The region is characterized by large dynamic ranges of physical and biogeochemical oceanographic parameters, particularly during the upwelling season (April–September). Here, we present novel estimates of ocean acidification metrics—pH and calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω)—representing pre-industrial, present-day (using 2010 as the index year), and near-future (2030) conditions. We compare these new estimates of past, present, and near-future ocean acidification status and seasonality to published end-of-century (2100) ocean acidification projections under a high CO₂ emissions scenario, and also to sensitivity information for Dungeness crab, a regionally important subsistence and commercial fishery species projected to show strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues later this century.

Alin S. R., Siedlecki S. A., Berger H., Feely R. A., Waddell J. E., Carter B. R., Newton J. A., Schumacker E. J. & Ayres D., 2023. Evaluating the evolving ocean acidification risk to dungeness crab: time-series observations and modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA. Oceanography 36(2–3): 138–147. Article.

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What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which regions are most affected by ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification affects not only coral reefs, but also other ecosystems like seagrass meadows, which can help mitigate its effects on calcifying species.

Title:

Content: There were 1,566 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 464,440 in the last 365 days.

Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae

Higlights

  • Sea urchin larvae were grown at ambient or low pH in tanks with or without plants.
  • Plant photosynthesis increased pH and altered seawater chemistry at both pH levels.
  • Positive effects of plant metabolism on larval development and growth at low pH
  • Seagrass meadows as a tool against climate-driven loss of calcifying species

Abstract

Foundation species have been widely documented to provide suitable habitats for other species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Nonetheless, their role in rescuing stress-sensitive species from adverse conditions due to climate change remains often unexplored. Here, we performed a mesocosm experiment to assess whether the seagrassPosidonia oceanica, through its photosynthetic activity, could mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on larval development and growth of the calcifying sea urchinParacentrotus lividus. Sea urchin larvae at early and late developmental stages that are generally associated to benthic habitats, were grown in aquaria with or without P. oceanica plants, under ambient or low pH conditions predicted by the end of the century under the worst climate scenario (RCP8.5). The percentage of abnormal larvae and their total body length under different experimental conditions were assessed on early- (i.e., pluteus; 72 h post-fertilization) and final-developmental stages (i.e., echinopluteus; 30 days post-fertilization), respectively. The presence of P. oceanica increased mean daily pH values of ∼0.1 and ∼0.15 units at ambient and low pH conditions, respectively, compared with tanks without plants. When grown at low pH in association with P. oceanica, plutei showed a ∼23 % reduction of malformations and echinoplutei a ∼34 % increase in total body length, respectively, compared with larvae developing in tanks without plants. Our results suggest that P. oceanica, by increasing pH and altering seawater carbonate chemistry through its metabolic activity, could buffer the negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms and could, thus, represent a tool against climate-driven loss of biodiversity.

Ravaglioli C., De Marchi L., Giannessi J., Pretti C. & Bulleri F., 2024. Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae. Science of the Total Environment 906: 167465. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167465. Article.

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What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Seagrass meadows can help mitigate ocean acidification and maintain marine biodiversity.

The effects of ocean acidification on cephalopods, such as cuttlefish and octopuses, are not well understood.

Title:

Content: Newswise — When carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the oceans, it can make the water more acidic, which is called ocean acidification. This can make it harder for some ocean creatures, like pteropods, to build and keep their shells. Pteropods are important for the ocean environment.

Pteropods are small sea creatures, including shelled sea butterflies. Not much is known about them because of their size, and they don't survive well in captivity. A team of marine scientists studied the life cycles, abundance, and seasonal changes of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, where climate change is happening quickly.

Dr Clara Manno, a researcher at the British Antarctic Survey and the corresponding author of the study published in Frontiers in Marine Science, said that the decrease in pteropod populations in the Antarctic Ocean could have significant consequences for the food web and carbon cycle. She also said that understanding the life cycle of this important organism could help to predict the impact of ocean acidification on the Antarctic ecosystem.

Population stability essential for species survival

To study the life cycle, abundance, and seasonal variability of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, a team of marine scientists collected sea butterflies in a sediment trap, a sampling device that was anchored at a depth of 400 meters. Since observing the entire life cycle of sea butterflies in a laboratory setting is impossible, the researchers had to gather information about their spawning, growth rate, and population structure. They were able to reconstruct the sea butterflies' life cycle for a year using the samples from the sediment trap.

The scientists found that the two most commonly collected species, Limacina rangii and Limacina retroversa, have different life cycles and therefore have different levels of vulnerability to changes in the ocean. During the winter months, L. rangii, which is a polar species, can be found as both adults and juveniles, while L. retroversa, a subpolar species, is only found as adults during the winter.

Sea butterflies that exist during the coldest season are more vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification. This is because ocean water is more acidic during this season than during other times of the year due to cooler temperatures that increase CO2 dissolution in the ocean. The researchers explained that the life stages of sea butterflies during this time are more exposed and vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification.

L. rangii has a survival advantage over L. retroversa because both adults and juveniles coexist during winter, which reduces the risk of population instability if one cohort is vulnerable. In contrast, if one cohort is removed from L. retroversa, the entire population could be at risk.

Prolonged exposure is a survival challenge

The researchers pointed out that although the two species are affected differently, both are likely to suffer harm if they are exposed to unfavorable conditions for prolonged periods.

The scientists cautioned that the intensifying and prolonged events of ocean acidification overlap with the spring spawning period, posing a threat to the most vulnerable life stage, the larvae. This could endanger the future populations of sea butterflies.

The research team plans to further study the sea butterflies in the Scotia Sea to see how they would be affected by the increase in the intensity and duration of ocean acidification events. They will study multiyear sediment trap samples to identify potential changes in the life cycle that may occur due to environmental changes. Dr Jessie Gardner of the British Antarctic Survey, lead author of the study, said this will be the next step in their research.

Journal Link: Frontiers in Marine Science

Title:

Content: There were 927 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 415,878 in the last 365 days.

How do sea urchins prepare offspring to face ocean acidification? Gamete intraspecific differences and adaptability

Introduction: Due to their relevant ecological position and well-studied biology, sea urchins are reference organisms for ocean acidification studies, at both within- and trans-generational levels. In this study, we examined gamete quality in specimens exposed to future predicted (-0.4 units) pH conditions during gametogenesis.

Methods: Egg physical characteristics, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profiles were assessed after two and six months of exposure, while sperm viability and velocity were analyzed after six months of exposure. Considering the documented intraspecific variability in response to ocean acidification, this study involved two populations of Paracentrotus lividus. One population was sampled from the highly variable lagoon of Venice (Site 1), while the other was obtained from a coastal area (Site 2) characterized by more stable environmental conditions and facing minimal anthropogenic stress.

Results: A different response was highlighted in the two sites. Noteworthy trends emerged, especially in the fatty acid profile and sperm traits. Although adults were fed the same diet, Site 1 eggs contained more high-energetic fatty acids than Site 2, potentially boosting the survival odds for the next generation. Moreover, Site 1 sperms displayed higher viability but slower motility compared to those from Site 2. Within sites, a significant difference between time points and a change in the fitness strategy of sea urchin females emerged when comparing eggs spawned after two and six months of exposure to reduced pH. The effects of time and exposure pH are more pronounced in animals from Site 1, suggesting a higher adaptability of this population rather than negative effects of ocean acidification.

Discussion: Overall, our findings suggest that sea urchins have the potential to acclimate to reduced pH and to produce gametes of the same quality as controls held at the currently natural pH. Our findings emphasize the relevance of combining investigations of gamete quality characteristics, particularly egg biochemistry and fatty acid composition, and considering site variability to fully understand the transgenerational response potential of sea urchins to ocean acidification.

Asnicar D., Locatello L., Zanovello., Minichino R., Masiero L., Munari M. & Marin M. G., 2024. How do sea urchins prepare offspring to face ocean acidification? Gamete intraspecific differences and adaptability. Frontiers in Marine Science 11: 1379150. doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1379150. Article.

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Title:

Content: The Arctic region is currently undergoing rapid and significant changes, with acidification and warming occurring at alarming rates.
These shifts raise concerns about the resilience of marine communities in the face of such environmental shifts.
Marine zooplankton, especially copepods, play a crucial role in the Arctic food web.
However, differences in environmental conditions can disrupt zooplankton populations, leading to adverse consequences for the entire ecosystem.
Recent research has focused on understanding the extent to which copepods in early life are exposed to environmental stressors, as they represent a critical bottleneck in the copepods life cycle.
A study by Espinel Velasco et al.
(2023) Explore the responses of 4-day-old Kalanos Hyperborius Lenobli to acidification (pH 7.5 and 8.1) and warming (0 and 3 ° C), both individually and collectively.
The study revealed that the larvae 'breathing rates increased significantly when exposed to a combination of acidification and warming.
Surprisingly, exposure to these stressors individually did not produce the same effect.
Surprisingly, the researchers did not find any noticeable differences in fat content and fatty acid composition in the larvae across various experimental treatments.
Wax esters, which make up about 75% of the fat reserve, and high amounts of long-chain fatty acids 20: 1 and 22: 1, necessary for copepods to reproduce, have been detected in all treatments.
By highlighting the sensitivity of larvae to the combined effects of acidification and warming, this study aligns with a growing body of evidence from relevant research.
It highlights the potential impacts of global change on Arctic copepod populations and stresses the importance of understanding early life stage responses to environmental stressors.
Questions and Answers:
Q: What are zooplankton?
A: Zooplankton refers to small, often microscopic, organisms that drift into the ocean or other bodies of water and serve as one of the main sources of food for many marine species.
Q: What is the role of copepods in the Arctic food web?
A: Copepods, especially calanotic copepods such as Calanus Hyperboreus, are a critical component of the Arctic food web.
They serve as a vital link between primary producers (such as phytoplankton) and higher trophic levels, serving as a food source for various marine species.
Q: What is acidification?
A: Acidification refers to the process of increasing acidity (lowering pH) in seawater due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
This occurs as a result of human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels.
Q: How does global warming affect marine ecosystems?
A: Ocean warming can have various impacts on marine ecosystems, including changes in species distribution, changing reproductive cycles, and potential disruptions to the delicate balance of food webs.
Source: Frontiers in Marine Science, DOI: 10.3389 / fmars.2023.1240673

Title:

Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
Three key factors confirmed: deoxygenation, water temperature rise and acidification
March 02, 2022 09: 22 | Source: Science and Technology Daily
Small number
Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, March 1 (Reporter Zhang Mengran) According to the latest issue of "Paleontology" magazine, by analyzing how now-extinct sea creatures once lived, a team of geoscientists at the University of Hamburg in Germany directly linked their extinction to the following climate change: declining oxygen content in water, rising water temperatures and ocean acidification.
The late Permian is characterized by the largest mass extinction event in Earth ’ s history. 252 million years ago, a series of volcanic eruptions in Siberia led to the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases.
Over the next few thousand years, the climate eventually warmed by 10 ° C.
As a result, on land, about 75% of all living things went extinct; in the ocean, the figure was about 90%.
These changes are similar to current trends.
Researchers say the Permian findings cannot be applied one-on-one to modern climate change.
The two climatic systems differ too much, yet they do show which features are essential for survival or extinction under similar conditions.
The team analyzed more than 25,000 records of 1,283 marine fossils from southern China, such as bivalves, snails, sponges, algae and crustaceans, all of which have mineral skeletons or shells.
Their fossil remains can be dated using a special method that provides insight into marine ecosystems millions of years ago.
The team also leveraged a vast database that provided a variety of ecologically relevant information about how these creatures lived.
For each genus, the researchers analyzed 12 of these criteria to identify certain survival-related traits.
With the help of machine learning, all of these factors were analyzed simultaneously, and the team compared the results to determine which organisms existed before, during, and after the mass extinction.
The team ’ s new findings shed light on the four most important factors that make it possible for organisms to survive the end of the Permian: where they live in water, how mineralized their shells are, the diversity of species within their genus, and their sensitivity to acidification.
Using the new game theory approach, the team succeeded in revealing the survival of a variety of organisms: some live in deeper water, where worsening hypoxia poses a risk.
By contrast, animals that live near the surface have to cope with rising water temperatures.
Also, if a creature has only one limited habitat, it has nowhere to go when that particular habitat becomes uninhabitable.
The findings identify which biometrics are "potentially lethal."
The team ultimately confirmed that mass extinctions can be directly attributed — suggesting that these could also be the three main causes of long-term extinctions in future climate crises.
Editor-in-Chief Circle
Declining oxygen levels in the water, rising water temperatures, ocean acidification — scientists have identified the culprits responsible for the extinction of marine life hundreds of millions of years ago.
These three reasons, which are not surprising, are also entirely logical deductions.
Only, it clearly reveals the catastrophic consequences of climate warming.
These three phenomena seem to be unremarkable, and because of this, it is actually very easy to appear.
As the article says, we cannot directly correspond to today ’ s climate in the Permian, nor can we directly regard the Permian mass extinction as today ’ s pessimistic assertion.
However, no matter what geological period, life is equally fragile, and they do not have enough time to adapt to a sudden climate crisis.
(Editor: Wang Zhen, Chen Jian)
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Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification's broader impacts on marine ecosystems must be considered and mitigated through reduced greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable practices.

Title:

Content: How climate change and warming waters are affecting the health of the oceans

(NEW YORK) — Oceans do so much to sustain life on Earth, including bearing the brunt of global temperatures that have been steadily warming for decades.

An IPCC special report published in 2019 found that oceans — which make up more than 70% of the world’s surface — have absorbed between 20% and 30% of human-made carbon dioxide emissions since the 1980s. They’re also responsible for absorbing more than 93% of the “combined heat stored by warmed air, sea, and land, and melted ice” since the 1970s, according to the Fifth Assessment report published in 2013 by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

The tipping point is near, experts told ABC News. But there are collective actions to take that could revitalize oceans to a healthier state — the theme of the United Nations World Oceans Day 2022.

“We really see oceans as the biggest ally in the climate change crisis,” Lea d’Auriol, founder of nonprofit Oceanic Global, told ABC News.

This is how climate change is affecting the health of the world’s oceans:

Species are faced with adapting or becoming extinct

Currently, the oceans “are in a state of complete imbalance” that has nearly doubled since the 1990s, d’Auriol said. Look no further than the fishermen, who supply sustenance to more than three billion people who rely on seafood as their main source of protein, as witnesses that climate change is already here, d’Auriol, said.

“If you wanted to ask someone if climate change is really happening, probably the most surest answer you’d get from anyone aside from a scientist is a fisherman,” Arlo Hemphill, senior oceans campaigner for Greenpeace USA, told ABC News. “Because fishermen are seeing these things happen in real time.”

One of the changes long-time fisherman are witnessing is the presence of new species venturing north as the area with their preferred water temperature expands.

Marine organisms maintain the same temperature as the surrounding water, so that when temperature increases, so does the temperature of the organism, Martin Grosell, professor of ichthyology and chair of the University of Miami’s Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, told ABC News. As the temperature rises, the organisms require more energy to move and survive. But, conversely, the levels of oxygen in the water decrease as the temperature warms, forcing the species to move, Grosell said.

The migrations may seem innocuous, but they are disrupting ecosystems all over the world, such as the phenology, or timing, of when grey seals give birth, Hemphill said.

Conversely, species are continuing to die off due to repeated events of marine heatwaves, Anne Christianson, director of international climate policy for the Center for American Progress, a public policy research organization, told ABC News.

Coral reefs are among the most threatened marine ecosystems in the world, scientists say. Coral bleaching, a process that occurs when water is too warm and the corals expel algae from their tissues, causing them to turn completely white, is happening at “alarming” rates — increasing by a rate of 4% per year — along with an uptick in mortality events along entire regions, d’Auriol said.

A study published in the National Academy of Sciences found that coral reefs could stop growing in 10 years unless greenhouse gases are significantly reduced and that, under a worst-case scenario, 94% of all reefs could erode by 2050.

Reefs are often the indicator of the health of an ecosystem, Brenda Ekwurzel, director of climate science for the Union of Concerned Scientists, told ABC News.

Mammals that rely on Arctic ice, such as polar bears and ringed seals, one of the polar bears’ main food sources that live their lives almost entirely on the ice, are also at risk, Ekwurzel said.

Vegetation such as mangroves, seagrass plants and marshes, some of the largest carbon sinks on the planet, which absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, are also at risk of extinction, d’Auriol said.

The number of dead zones are increasing

A dead zone, or the process of hypoxia, occurs when an algal bloom sucks up all the oxygen in an area, making it impossible for marine life to survive — essentially a biological desert, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

A study published in 2008 in Science found that there were 400 dead zones around the world. By 2019, the number of dead zones had increased to about 900, d’Auriol said.

The dead zones often occur in regions with rampant nutrient runoff, such as at the base of the Mississippi River, where it empties into the Gulf of Mexico, Hemphill said.

Sea level rise will change coastal communities

The biggest contributor to sea level rise is the melting ice in the Arctic, which is heating up twice as fast as the rest of the world, according to the 2021 Arctic Report Card by NOAA. Increases in sea level rise of 6 inches to a foot since the Industrial Revolution may seem like small increments, but crucial infrastructure near oceans was not built to withstand the added inches of water, experts say.

Millions of people living in coastlines around the world, including those in mega cities such as New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, will be displaced by the rise in sea levels, d’Auriol said.

Carbon dioxide emissions sparks ocean acidification

Ocean acidification, which occurs when water’s pH levels are lowered as a result of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, is not directly caused by warming temperatures but rather by excess carbon dioxide emissions, Hemphill said.

“The alarming thing about it is that shellfish everything from from microscopic plankton, to clams and crabs and coral reefs themselves use calcium carbonate to build their shells,” he said. “And as the ocean acidifies, it becomes more difficult to create the shells.”

Ocean acidification, rather than coral bleaching, will likely be the culprit behind the demise of coral reefs, Ekwurzel said.

Collective actions are necessary to protect the oceans

In line with the 2022 theme for World Oceans Day, “Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean,” scientists and conservationists are highlighting the need for individuals, communities, nonprofits, the private sector and governments to come together to create solutions, d’Auriol said.

This includes ensuring the health of marine protected areas by eliminating housing, fishing zones and shipping traffic in the vicinity, d’Auriol said.

Governments will need to create policies to protect both human life and the health of the ocean, Christianson said.

“There isn’t one silver bullet for solving this crisis in the ocean and on land,” Christianson said.

However, the ticking time bomb is the race to drastically reduce global greenhouse gas emissions within the next decade, the experts said.

“We can’t afford to delay those solutions any longer,” Ekwurzel said.

Along the path to properly protecting and preserving oceans is ridding the narrative that oceans are a separate environmental issue from climate change and the conservation of biodiversity, d’Auriol said.

“Because we do live on a water planet, and it’s responsible for sustaining all life on Earth,” she said.

Copyright (C) 2022, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Collective action is necessary to protect the oceans from acidification by reducing carbon dioxide emissions and promoting sustainable development.

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

High school climate justice clubs can help raise awareness and promote action against ocean acidification.

Title:

Content: Local Local Focus
“New Taipei Institute for Sustainable Future ” Experiential Camp Green Life for Young People
▲ “New Taipei Institute for Sustainable Future ” Junior High School Experience Camp. (Photo / New Taipei City Environmental Protection Bureau, same below)
Reporters Guo Sai-yin / New Taipei Report
New Taipei City Environmental Protection Bureau ’ s “2023 New Taipei Sustainable Future College ” Junior High School and High School Experience Camp ended successfully this week. A total of 60 participants participated in the second phase of the camp. Through a series of environmental education courses, students not only learned about environmental protection and sustainable management concepts, but also stimulated their concern and thinking about environmental issues.
In order to foster a new generation of sustainable development, “New Taipei City School of Sustainable Future ” has adopted an age division program since 2022. The program is designed for junior high school, high school and college students to understand the concept of sustainable development and implement it in life. Let the green seeds grow and thrive in the New North.
▲ "New North Sustainable Future College" High School Experience Camp.
The National Junior High School FUN Summer Camp was held at Longmen Camping Area and Ma Gang Chaozone. The two-day camp led the participants to explore how to protect the marine environment from daily consumption habits, understand the natural changes and human interference of sand dunes under environmental changes, understand what is a low-carbon diet, and arrange to observe the ecology of the tidal zone. Keychain DIY and other experiences, so that students have a more diverse and profound understanding of environmental protection.
The students also showed the results of the two-day learning experience through the "Green Life Action Drama". Some students used "clothes don 't waste" as the group' s green work declaration to remind everyone not to overconsume clothes and do not cause waste. Some students played the role of a tour guide in the national park, telling everyone to love the earth while playing. Transportation, seasonal food, and other green activities are integrated into the performance, conveying the idea that everyone can “do one thing to make the earth better ” in their daily lives.
▲ High school students learn about “green life ” through the course activities.
The high school experience camp is also based on the theme of green living for all. The students learned about Taiwan 's unique geological culture at Yeliu Geopark, the environmental education facility in New Taipei City. I am very happy to work with the group to give the earth a clean environment with their own actions, and some students are impressed with the DIY course, and the experience of doing transparent fish bones by themselves is very novel and interesting.
At the end of the camp, students from each group will fully integrate the knowledge and skills learned during the two day camp with the topics of food, clothing, housing, walking, education and fun. The group with the theme of “Food ” is looking forward to creating a zero-waste restaurant that is self-sufficient, does not waste food, uses natural utensils and is a green building. The theme group shared that green buildings should be considered in terms of roof greening, rainwater recovery, light and ventilation, and put into practice with intelligent design. The theme group hoped to spread the correct concept of environmental protection, reduce waste of resources and implement environmental action through various courses and activities, such as carbon footprint talks, beach clean-up, and paper recycling.
▲ Junior high school experience camp led students to observe the rich ecology of the Ma Gang tidal zone.
In addition, the "New North Sustainable Future College" for university students will be held from July 18 to 20 at the headquarters of Chunghwa Telecom College Panqiao. The camp will focus on the theme of "Unplastic Customer Challenge", and lead the students to explore the new North Net Zero path, sustainable climate action, circular economy, green industry, and unplastic behavior. Permanently moving forward.
▲ High school experience camp transparent fish bone DIY.
The high school experience camp students work together to clean the beach.
(More news)
► Keelung Launches “City Valet Parking ” Service: Trial Operation for Holidays from September
► Speed Limit 60 to 89! New Taipei Interpol overspeed and drunk driving report over, pull the card to adjust the ground
► Keelung Podcast Consultant Discusses Positive Communication Facing Adolescent Emotional Management
► The first day of the summer youth project! Disposable electric shock device Keelung police chief led the team to inspect
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Understanding ocean acidification's impacts and taking collective action can help reduce its effects and promote a healthier ocean.

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Content: There were 701 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 393,013 in the last 365 days.

Join us at the immersed in change conference!

Join us at the immersed in change conference!

Published 31 May 2024 Events Leave a Comment

EVENT AGENDA

The world is waking up to the threat that ocean acidification (OA) poses to marine ecosystems and to the coastal economies that depend on them. OA is a rise in the acidity of seawater caused by an excess of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) being absorbed by the ocean.

 To implement SDG 14.3 “to minimize and address ocean acidification”, OA must become a cross cutting issue embedded across climate, ocean, and marine policies.

 Advancing national OA actions will inform better decision making for achieving domestic mitigation, adaptation, and resilience goals.

 Come learn about the National OA Action Planning Leadership Circle, where invited governments are finding their unique approach to OA Actions across 2024-2025, leading to national implementation of UN SDG 14.3 “to minimize and address OA” by the 3rd UN Ocean Conference in 2025.

OA Alliance. Event.

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The high school climate justice club can create posters and pamphlets highlighting ocean acidification's impact on marine life and promoting action to reduce emissions.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

The club can organize events to raise awareness about ocean acidification and promote sustainable practices.

Ocean acidification is a complex issue requiring a comprehensive approach to promote a healthier ocean.