Greenland is rich in rare-earth minerals and gold, attracting companies like AEX Gold to extract these resources.

The country has a favourable legal framework, making it attractive for rare earth mineral extraction.

Greenland has significant deposits of rare earth minerals essential for electric vehicles and wind turbines.

The Surftog complex in Greenland contains deposits rich in rare metals, with several companies, including NEO, licensed to mine them.

The EU has signed a strategic partnership with Greenland to develop sustainable raw material value chains with high ESG standards.

Tanbreez Mining plans to mine 19 million tons of rare earth oxides in Greenland in 2024, including 30% heavy rare earth elements.

Rare earths extracted from Greenland will be used in electric vehicles and wind turbines, with extraction expected to start in 2024.

Extracting rare earths is a challenging and costly process that requires acidic substances and a factory to separate them from rocks.

The Greenlandic Government supports education and job creation to equitably share rare earth mining benefits among locals.

Greenland's Guanast area holds the world's second-largest rare earth reserves, accounting for 10% of global production.

China dominates 70% of global rare earth mining and owns Greenland Minerals through Shenghe.

A pro-environment party in Greenland won an election, halting rare earth mining at Kuannersuit.

Billionaires are funding mineral exploration in Greenland, with Kobold Metals partnering with Bluejay Mining.

Investing in rare earth mining in Greenland poses risks including environmental harm, community opposition, and regulatory challenges.

Investing in rare earth mining in Greenland offers access to critical raw materials, economic benefits, and potential returns.

Investors can mitigate risks by engaging with local communities, complying with regulations, and implementing sustainable mining practices.

Greenland is rich in rare-earth minerals and gold, attracting companies like AEX Gold to extract these resources.

Title:

Content: AEX Gold aims to invest in Greenland through its new gold mining project

Traditionally known for its fishing and hunting industries, Greenland is fast becoming the next significant area of exploration for mining businesses. The largest island in the world, Greenland remains one of the least populated areas worldwide with 56,000 citizens, and it has sought to attract local and foreign investment across a number of new projects.

The island’s current position remains complex. A sovereign government, it is positioned under the Danish kingdom who provide grants to support its local economy. To further its independence and bolster its economy to create increased tax revenue, Greenland has embraced the exploration of new mining projects as well as utilising all the renewable and local resources it has to offer.

Rich in rare-earth minerals, gold, iron-ore, uranium, in addition to hydro and wind power, Greenland’s favourable legal framework and robust infrastructure, particularly in South Greenland, have factored into AEX Gold’s vision to explore through its Greenlandic subsidiary, Nalunaq Gold Mine, situated in the Nanortalik Gold belt, Southern Greenland.

Acquiring an existing Exploitation Licence in 2015, the company is at the advanced exploration stage of its Nalunaq property, including the previously operating Nalunaq Gold Mine.   It also holds Exploration Licences at the early exploration stage Vagar and Tartoq properties.

Hosting a high-grade NI 43-101 compliant gold resource estimate of 263k oz (inferred) at 18.7 g/t and a number of regional exploration targets, AEX Gold has undertaken three years of exploration at Nalunaq, developing an updated geological model and an extension of the main vein strike length up to 1km.

“The government is very supportive, so it's about having a sound exploration strategy. We are very much focused on that, as we have an asset package that we think we can grow and create a lot of value,” explains Chief Executive Officer, Eldur Olafsson.

Originating from Iceland, Olafsson has gained extensive experience of the local geography. Focusing on mining projects in Greenland since 2012, he has analysed the country’s potential against the backdrop of environmental responsibilities and associated legalities with partner SRK Exploration Services. Through this process, the business has turned its attentions solely towards gold exploration.

“The known gold deposits in Greenland are in an area where the climate is mild and, given our experience, logistics are relatively easy. Gold opportunities are easier to finance than larger base metals projects and our perception was that we could fully fund projects like these through our support here in Iceland and in the UK market,” he explains.

“We started looking for opportunities in the South Greenland Gold Province and became aware of this historically producing mine. We were attracted by the extremely high-grade potential of the resource and the fact that the project had significant infrastructure in place.  We believed there were significant opportunities to materially improve the mining operation that had been run by previous operators.”

Extensive exploration

Throughout the exploration of high-grade resources, Olafsson is proud to remain hands on and is regularly seen on site. By undertaking various technical studies, AEX has gained the ability to comprehensively analyse similar types of assets with potential.  After acquiring the Nalunaq project in 2015 the company has continued to expand its portfolio. Whilst Nalunaq encompasses the required licence to explore and recommence production at the old gold mine, they own the larger Vagar exploration licence, situated a few kilometres to the west of the mine, where AEX believes the ground is prospective for the discovery of further Nalunaq-type deposits.  In addition, they also own the early stage Tartoq Project to the North West of Nalunaq. Each licence area is at a different stage of exploration which supports AEX’s aim of having a continuous pipeline of projects being brought into production.

“We have a total of 690sqkm of licences in south Greenland and we're the only active listed gold company in Greenland. Previous operators undertook very little forward-looking exploration once the mine was in production.  It's a very under-explored region so we intend to recommence production within the next two years at Nalunaq in order to support our exploration in the larger licences in the next 5-10 years,” he says.

“Iceland is a short distance from Greenland, so logistically it’s good for us. Additionally, in Iceland you need to be really self-sufficient, and the same can be said for those in Greenland. We don't have as many people or the multitude of services that you would have in other countries which encourages you to think creatively,” he adds.

Consequently, the company has sought to maximise efficiency whilst keeping costs down, yet all the time adding increased value across its operations.

By acquiring a high-grade deposit, less material is needed to be broken down, lowering AEX Gold’s carbon footprint. Everything taken out of the mine from underground will be processed and shipped out to a different processing facility, or processed on site adhering to the current environmental guidelines. Historically, electricity has been generated through the use of traditional fossil fuels, something which is steadily changing throughout Greenland.

“We're using oil to put in generators or to power mobile mining equipment which is high cost both in monetary and environmental terms.   Greenland currently has five hydroelectric power plants and they are looking at building more in south Greenland,” says Olafsson.

Seeing huge opportunities, he explains that the use of hydropower and wind power would complement AEX Gold’s operations, not only in its existing exploration activities, but with the implementation of an electric mining fleet with electricity being obtained from local renewable resources.

Providing local opportunities

In the future, it will be essential for Greenland to gain further revenue to unlock opportunities and services for its citizens. This is something Olafsson believes that AEX Gold can help with due to its knowledge of Iceland as it has many similarities to Greenland and has been through a period of comparable change.

“Greenland is in a similar position to Iceland not so long ago. Iceland didn't have a high education rate and wasn’t wealthy compared to other European countries, with economic and cultural activities that were very insular. We are now at the highest level of all parameters in terms of education, wealth per family, etc. and this has stemmed from improving the breadth of schooling and creating opportunities for people to grow and develop outside of the traditional areas of agriculture and fisheries.

“Our aim is that the majority of employees will be Greenlandic, but it will take time. Greenland has a large number of people competing for jobs in the fisheries and tourist centres. It is important that Greenlanders are able to access programmes that will allow them to consider other career options. In Iceland we are importing a lot of people to work in different industries in our country because we don't have enough people. This might be the case for Greenlanders as well if the anticipated growth of the Mining Sector materialises but we want to ensure that, where possible, we use local people first before looking elsewhere.

“The Greenlandic Government provides good support for those who seek education.  There are an increasing number of Greenlandic students attending Danish Universities so that now, for example, we are seeing well qualified Greenlandic geologists available for employment.  There has been a Mining School at Sisimiut for the last 10 years which provides local qualified labour who can take advantage of opportunities in the Mining sector.  You need skilled labour and as we own a mine that was in production for 10 years previously, there is a fair bit of local knowledge that we have been able to use during our exploration work and which we are keen to utilise going forward,” he says.

“We are creating revenue for local communities, creating highly skilled jobs, and are providing benefits where local communities can live better lives and grow as individuals. We need to create opportunities for young people.”

Additionally, by working with local businesses as well as those who have been operating in Greenland for some time, AEX has made a conscious effort to hire companies which can support its growth. AEX have therefore acquired a longstanding relationship with Cartwright Drilling, due to the company’s extensive experience in Greenland and subsequent knowledge of the island’s government systems, processes and practices.

Planning to mine high-grade resources using significant infrastructure already in place, AEX Gold holds extensive licences managed by an experienced team. Previous operations produced between 50,000 to 100,000 ounces a year at 15.4 grams/ton produced and this has provided a benchmark for the company, who will utilise this cash flow to explore the wider region in the long-term.

“We have a five-year plan where we want to get into production at Nalunaq and use the cash generated to fund exploration in the wider district.   We envisage investing a significant amount in exploration assets to provide a portfolio of different deposits that we can bring into production. We are creating a company that has a long-term mission in Greenland to build up local know how to support our aim of ramping up to very profitable production across a number of projects,” notes Olafsson.

“It will create a dramatic effect on the local community and hopefully be a springboard for unlocking much larger potential in Greenland. There are plenty of deposits that have been found, but you have to be able to develop them. You can only do that that with support and cooperation from the local people who believe in your vision.”

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What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

The country has a favourable legal framework, making it attractive for rare earth mineral extraction.

Why AEX consider Greenland a favorable mining location?

Greenland has significant deposits of rare earth minerals essential for electric vehicles and wind turbines.

Title:

Content: A Canadian company has been granted a license to mine rare metals in Greenland.
© AP Photo / David Goldman Greenland ice melt August 3, 2017
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Toronto ’ s New Performance Materials, one of the few rare earth metal processors outside China, has obtained an exploration license in Greenland from Hudson Resources in Vancouver (Canada).
Washington - Sputnik.
“Through a special-purpose entity, NEO plans to explore and develop the Surfertog project to further diversify its global sources of rare earth ore and expand the supply chains that feed the company ’ s rare earth ore separation facility in Estonia, ” it said in a statement.
NEO CEO Constantine Karianopoulos told the New York Times that his goal was to reduce the company ’ s exposure to volatile global crude prices.
NEO buys semi-processed raw materials from Russia, the United States and Australia.
"Collects Rare Minerals"...
China enters the world of "space mining" with the launch of the first robot...
A picture.
The Surftog Carbonatite complex contains mineral deposits rich in neodymium and praseodymium, which are essential components of the rare earth permanent magnet used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, high-efficiency electric motors and pumps that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
NEO also plans to build a new permanent magnet manufacturing plant in Estonia to supply European manufacturers of electric and hybrid vehicles, wind turbines, and energy-efficient electric motors and pumps, the statement said.
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What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

30% of oxides are highly sought after heavy rare earth metals

The Surftog complex in Greenland contains deposits rich in rare metals, with several companies, including NEO, licensed to mine them.

The EU has signed a strategic partnership with Greenland to develop sustainable raw material value chains with high ESG standards.

Title:

Content: Friday 01 December 2023
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
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The world.
EU and Greenland sign strategic partnership on raw material value chains
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The European Union has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Government of Greenland in Brussels to establish a strategic partnership to develop sustainable raw material value chains.
Greenland ’ s vast natural wealth is a key asset for reaping the benefits of global value chains, as it seeks to diversify its economy in a sustainable way, while 25 of the 34 critical raw materials identified by the Commission as strategically important for European industry and green transformation can be found in Greenland.
The Executive Vice President of the European Green Deal, Enterprise Relations and Foresight of the European Commission, Maros Sivčović, signed the Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of Greenland represented by the Minister of Business, Trade, Mineral Resources, Justice and Gender Equality, Naga Nathanelsen.
The signing of the MoU will contribute to the development of sustainable projects along the raw materials value chains and the deployment of the necessary infrastructure for their development.
The MoU provides for close cooperation between Greenland and the EU in five important areas; among which is the development of economic and industrial integration of the value chains of vital raw materials and other raw materials.
This includes networking, joint project development, creating and promoting new business models, attracting investments, supporting access to finance, facilitating business linkages, developing and integrating support for economic diversification and ensuring the smooth functioning and resilience of value chains.
Foster collaboration to leverage high environmental, social and international governance (ESG) standards, to ensure that Greenland ’ s mineral sector serves as a lever for sustainable and inclusive economic growth while creating local and local value.
This includes the sustainable exploitation of mineral resources in close dialogue with the Greenland community of individuals, organisations, institutions and other stakeholders, taking fully into account the unique nature of Greenland ’ s pristine lands and applying high environmental, social and governance standards set out in legislation, conventions, guidelines and best practices.
Deploy the infrastructure needed to develop raw material value chains.
This includes taking into account the specificities of Greenland's transport and energy infrastructure needs, taking into account Arctic or sub-Arctic conditions, and supporting the mobilization of funding for such infrastructure.
Capacity building and skills development along raw material value chains.
This includes developing skills at all levels in the raw materials industry and wider society.
Greenland is eligible to participate in the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation and provides Earth observation data thanks to the European Copernicus Satellite Programme which offers promising opportunities related to mineral exploration, sediment mapping and mining monitoring including waste management and environmental impact monitoring.
according to the statement.

Tanbreez Mining plans to mine 19 million tons of rare earth oxides in Greenland in 2024, including 30% heavy rare earth elements.

Title:

Content: Greenland to mine rare earths in 2024 | Economic Horizontal | DW | 30.07.2023
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Greenland to mine rare earths in 2024
According to the German "Economic Weekly" reported that a mining company has obtained permission from the Greenland government to mine rare earths on the island.
The company said production could begin next year.
Tanbreez Mining, a mining company, plans to mine rare earths in Greenland next year, according to the Economic Weekly.
“We can start production next year, ” said Greg Barnes, a geologist and owner of the company. Greenland ’ s deputy minister for minerals confirmed to the journal that a mining licence had been issued.
Barnes said the Tanbreez mine "contains more than half of the world's rare earth resources" and has 19 million tons of rare earth oxides.
Of these, 30% are highly favored heavy rare earth elements.
Rare earth contains a total of 17 kinds of metal elements, the properties of each metal are different.
Each metal has a unique industrial value.
Some of them are irreplaceable.
They are used, for example, in the manufacture of electric vehicles or wind turbines.
Last year, about two-thirds of Germany ’ s rare earths came from China. Mining such as rare earths is difficult and often harmful to the environment, as rare earths are often associated with iron ore, and the chemical process of refining often requires the use of acidic substances.
What is Rare Earth?
Barnes, owner of Tanbreez Mining, told Economic Weekly that to start mining for rare earths in Greenland, a factory would be needed to separate rare earths from heterosexual rocks.
Currently there are only such factories in Russia and China.
But one such plant will be built in the United States in the coming months.
There are also plans to build a factory in Europe.
Thanks to technological advances, the equipment that separates rare earths currently costs only $40 million.
According to Barnes, China paid 1.7 billion U.S. dollars for the equipment 13 years ago.
In January, Swedish state-owned mining company LKAB announced the discovery of Europe ’ s largest rare earth deposit to date.
But the company said it would take 10-15 years for the rare earth mine, located in Kiruna in northern Sweden, to be available to the market.
EU Plans to Diversify Rare Earth Supply Chain
(Agence France-Presse, Economic Weekly)
© 2023 Deutsche Welle Copyright Notice: All content in this article is protected by copyright law and may not be used without special permission from Deutsche Welle.
Any misconduct will lead to recovery and criminal prosecution.
DW.COM

What company has obtained permission to extract Greenland's rare earths?

What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

30% of oxides are highly sought after heavy rare earth metals

Rare earths extracted from Greenland will be used in electric vehicles and wind turbines, with extraction expected to start in 2024.

Extracting rare earths is a challenging and costly process that requires acidic substances and a factory to separate them from rocks.

The Greenlandic Government supports education and job creation to equitably share rare earth mining benefits among locals.

Greenland's Guanast area holds the world's second-largest rare earth reserves, accounting for 10% of global production.

Title:

Content: Greenland ban on uranium mining prevents Chinese companies from expanding rare earths
November 13, 2021 17: 33
Eastern Network Television
More News Clips
As part of its Arctic strategy, China has supported the mining of rare earths in Greenland by Australia ’ s Greenland Minerals, a Chinese-owned subsidiary of Shenghe Resources, through the Belt and Road Initiative.
However, Greenland ’ s parliament passed a new law banning uranium mining and halting the development of rare earth deposits at Kuannersuit, the southern tip of Greenland.
China's rare earth mining accounts for more than 70% of the global mining volume, and China's rare earth magnetic processing volume accounts for 90% of the global processing volume.
Sungho Resources, one of the world ’ s largest producers of rare earth materials, acquired a 12.5% stake in Greenland Minerals in 2016, making it the largest shareholder in the latter.
Guanast in southern Greenland is home to the world ’ s second-largest reserves of rare earths and uranium after China, accounting for 10% of the world ’ s rare earth production.
Since former US President Donald Trump proposed the idea of buying Greenland in 2019, the rich rare earth resources of Guanaster in southern Greenland have attracted attention.
Greenland ’ s local parliament was elected early on April 6. In the end, the pro-environmental left-wing Inuit Ataqatigiit party won the election, and its leader, Mute Egede, became the new prime minister.
He declared that he would do everything in his power to stop the Guanast Rare Earth Mine project.
In response, Greenland ’ s parliament has passed a new bill aimed at banning exploration of uranium deposits, as well as other radioactive deposits such as thorium, and halting the development of rare earth deposits at the southern tip of Greenland.

China dominates 70% of global rare earth mining and owns Greenland Minerals through Shenghe.

What countries are invested in Greenland Minerals corp?

What is one of the global key REE manufacturers?

Which company has become the largest sharesholder in Greenland Minerals?

A pro-environment party in Greenland won an election, halting rare earth mining at Kuannersuit.

What has Greenland done to undermine Chinese efforts to establish a foothold in the Arctic region?

What has Greenland's new prime minister Mute Egede pledged to do regarding Kuannersuit rare earth mining?

Which Greenland rare earth deposits has its Parliament prohibited from developing?

Billionaires are funding mineral exploration in Greenland, with Kobold Metals partnering with Bluejay Mining.

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Content: Advertisement
Economics.
A race between financiers around the world to search for this substance in Greenland.
Interesting details!
10-08-2022 | 00: 49
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CNN reports that some of the world ’ s wealthiest people are funding large treasure hunts using helicopters and signal transmitters on Greenland ’ s west coast.
The climate crisis is causing Greenland ’ s ice to melt at unprecedented rates, ironically creating an opportunity for investors and mining companies looking for a treasure trove of important minerals capable of powering clean energy transitions.
Advertisement
Search for minerals in Greenland
Many billionaires, including Jeff Bezos, Michael Bloomberg and Bill Gates, are betting that what lies beneath the surface of the hills and valleys of Disco Island and Greenland ’ s Noswak Peninsula are important enough minerals to power millions of electric vehicles.
Speaking to CNN, Kobold Metals CEO Kurt House said: “We are looking for a deposition that will be the largest or second largest nickel and cobalt deposition in the world. ”
The disappearance of Arctic ice – both on land and in the ocean – highlights a unique dichotomy: Greenland is the zero point for the effects of climate change, but it could also be the zero point for the search for the minerals needed to provide solutions to this crisis.
For their part, representatives of Kobold Metals, a California-based mineral exploration company, said the billionaires ’ club is supporting the company financially.
Bezos, Gates and Bloomberg did not respond to requests from CNN for comment on the news, and Kobold Metals is partnering with Bluejay Mining to find precious and rare metals in Greenland, which are essential for building the electric vehicles and huge batteries needed to store renewable energy.
The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland said Greenland could be a hot spot for coal, copper, gold, rare earth elements and zinc.
The Greenland government has conducted several assessments on ice-free land and is aware of the country ’ s “ability to diversify the national economy through mineral extraction, ” the agency said.
(Arabic Post)
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Investing in rare earth mining in Greenland poses risks including environmental harm, community opposition, and regulatory challenges.

Investing in rare earth mining in Greenland offers access to critical raw materials, economic benefits, and potential returns.

Investors can mitigate risks by engaging with local communities, complying with regulations, and implementing sustainable mining practices.


Greenland has significant deposits of rare earth minerals, including neodymium and praseodymium, which are essential for the production of electric vehicles and wind turbines.

The Surftog Carbonatite complex in Greenland is one of the locations with rare earth mineral deposits, containing neodymium and praseodymium.

The Kuannersuit region in southern Greenland has rare earth deposits and is considered one of the world's largest rare earth mines.

Greenland has an estimated 19 million tons of rare earth oxides, with 30% of these being heavy rare earth elements.

The Tanbreez mine in Greenland is expected to start production in 2024 and has rare earth deposits that can be used in electric vehicles and wind turbines.

The Guanast rare earth mine project in southern Greenland has the world's second-largest reserves of rare earths and accounts for 10% of the world's rare earth production.

China's rare earth mining accounts for over 70% of global mining volume, and the country has expressed interest in developing rare earth deposits in Greenland.

Several companies, including AEX Gold, NEO, and Tanbreez Mining, have acquired licenses to extract rare earth minerals in Greenland.

The EU has signed a strategic partnership with Greenland to develop sustainable raw material value chains, including rare earth minerals, with a focus on high ESG standards and infrastructure development.

The partnership aims to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth, while addressing the environmental concerns associated with mining in Greenland.

However, the extraction of rare earth minerals in Greenland poses significant technical challenges and environmental concerns due to the country's unique geological and climatic conditions.

The mining process can generate toxic and radioactive waste, and the refining of rare earth minerals requires acidic substances, which can harm the environment.

The use of acidic substances like hydrofluoric acid can cause skin chemical burns, highlighting the need for personal protective gear to prevent labor safety accidents.

Alternative methods, such as biosorption, are being developed as safer and less environmentally taxing approaches to separating rare-earth elements.

Biosorption uses bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis to process rare-earth metals, which can reduce the environmental impact of rare earth mineral extraction.

The cost of equipment to separate rare earths is $40 million, which is a significant investment for any company looking to extract these minerals.

The estimated value of Greenland's rare earth mineral deposits is not specified in most documents, and the ease or difficulty of extraction is not explicitly stated.

However, the country's unique geology and harsh Arctic environment may pose challenges for extraction, and the lack of infrastructure and regulations may also impact the feasibility of mining operations.

Overall, the extraction of rare earth minerals in Greenland requires careful consideration of the technical challenges and environmental concerns, as well as the development of sustainable and responsible mining practices.

Greenland has significant deposits of rare earth minerals, including neodymium and praseodymium, which are essential for the production of electric vehicles and wind turbines.

Title:

Content: A Canadian company has been granted a license to mine rare metals in Greenland.
© AP Photo / David Goldman Greenland ice melt August 3, 2017
Follow us via
Toronto ’ s New Performance Materials, one of the few rare earth metal processors outside China, has obtained an exploration license in Greenland from Hudson Resources in Vancouver (Canada).
Washington - Sputnik.
“Through a special-purpose entity, NEO plans to explore and develop the Surfertog project to further diversify its global sources of rare earth ore and expand the supply chains that feed the company ’ s rare earth ore separation facility in Estonia, ” it said in a statement.
NEO CEO Constantine Karianopoulos told the New York Times that his goal was to reduce the company ’ s exposure to volatile global crude prices.
NEO buys semi-processed raw materials from Russia, the United States and Australia.
"Collects Rare Minerals"...
China enters the world of "space mining" with the launch of the first robot...
A picture.
The Surftog Carbonatite complex contains mineral deposits rich in neodymium and praseodymium, which are essential components of the rare earth permanent magnet used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, high-efficiency electric motors and pumps that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
NEO also plans to build a new permanent magnet manufacturing plant in Estonia to supply European manufacturers of electric and hybrid vehicles, wind turbines, and energy-efficient electric motors and pumps, the statement said.
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What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

The Surftog Carbonatite complex in Greenland is one of the locations with rare earth mineral deposits, containing neodymium and praseodymium.

The Kuannersuit region in southern Greenland has rare earth deposits and is considered one of the world's largest rare earth mines.

Title:

Content: The government of Greenland, which is located in the Arctic, said on Monday it had revoked the license of a Chinese mining company to mine an iron ore deposit near the capital, Nuuk.
The move has dealt a blow to efforts by Chinese companies to gain a foothold in the resource-rich Arctic region.
China ’ s General Nice took control of the Isua mine in 2015, replacing bankrupt London Mining.
Junan became the first Chinese company to acquire mining rights in Greenland.
Greenland is an autonomous region of Denmark and is rich in minerals.
As a result of the warming climate, waterways have been opened, allowing the resources of the Arctic Island to be developed and utilized.
The Greenland government pointed out that the mine was idle and Junan did not pay the agreed guarantee and therefore withdrew its license.
Once Junan returns the license, Greenland will re-offer it to interested companies.
At present, the government of Greenland has asked Junan to return all the geological data, pay the remaining 1.5 million Danish kroner (about $226,000) of the deposit, and clean up the mine.
The London mine, which was granted mining rights in 2013, initially planned to employ 2,000 Chinese workers to mine, with a goal of supplying about 15 million tonnes of iron ore to China each year.
Greenland banned uranium mining this year, blocking mining in the Kuannersuit region, one of the world ’ s largest rare earth mines and partly owned by a Chinese company.
Junan tried to buy an abandoned naval base in Greenland from Denmark in 2016, but sources told Reuters at the time that the Danish authorities had rejected the proposal for security reasons.
# Greenland # Junan # Mining # China # Mining

Greenland has an estimated 19 million tons of rare earth oxides, with 30% of these being heavy rare earth elements.

Title:

Content: Greenland to mine rare earths in 2024 | Economic Horizontal | DW | 30.07.2023
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Advertisement
Economic stratification
Greenland to mine rare earths in 2024
According to the German "Economic Weekly" reported that a mining company has obtained permission from the Greenland government to mine rare earths on the island.
The company said production could begin next year.
Tanbreez Mining, a mining company, plans to mine rare earths in Greenland next year, according to the Economic Weekly.
“We can start production next year, ” said Greg Barnes, a geologist and owner of the company. Greenland ’ s deputy minister for minerals confirmed to the journal that a mining licence had been issued.
Barnes said the Tanbreez mine "contains more than half of the world's rare earth resources" and has 19 million tons of rare earth oxides.
Of these, 30% are highly favored heavy rare earth elements.
Rare earth contains a total of 17 kinds of metal elements, the properties of each metal are different.
Each metal has a unique industrial value.
Some of them are irreplaceable.
They are used, for example, in the manufacture of electric vehicles or wind turbines.
Last year, about two-thirds of Germany ’ s rare earths came from China. Mining such as rare earths is difficult and often harmful to the environment, as rare earths are often associated with iron ore, and the chemical process of refining often requires the use of acidic substances.
What is Rare Earth?
Barnes, owner of Tanbreez Mining, told Economic Weekly that to start mining for rare earths in Greenland, a factory would be needed to separate rare earths from heterosexual rocks.
Currently there are only such factories in Russia and China.
But one such plant will be built in the United States in the coming months.
There are also plans to build a factory in Europe.
Thanks to technological advances, the equipment that separates rare earths currently costs only $40 million.
According to Barnes, China paid 1.7 billion U.S. dollars for the equipment 13 years ago.
In January, Swedish state-owned mining company LKAB announced the discovery of Europe ’ s largest rare earth deposit to date.
But the company said it would take 10-15 years for the rare earth mine, located in Kiruna in northern Sweden, to be available to the market.
EU Plans to Diversify Rare Earth Supply Chain
(Agence France-Presse, Economic Weekly)
© 2023 Deutsche Welle Copyright Notice: All content in this article is protected by copyright law and may not be used without special permission from Deutsche Welle.
Any misconduct will lead to recovery and criminal prosecution.
DW.COM

What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

30% of oxides are highly sought after heavy rare earth metals

The Tanbreez mine in Greenland is expected to start production in 2024 and has rare earth deposits that can be used in electric vehicles and wind turbines.

What does Greenland's Tanbreez mine contain?

30% of oxides are highly sought after heavy rare earth metals

The Guanast rare earth mine project in southern Greenland has the world's second-largest reserves of rare earths and accounts for 10% of the world's rare earth production.

Title:

Content: Greenland ban on uranium mining prevents Chinese companies from expanding rare earths
November 13, 2021 17: 33
Eastern Network Television
More News Clips
As part of its Arctic strategy, China has supported the mining of rare earths in Greenland by Australia ’ s Greenland Minerals, a Chinese-owned subsidiary of Shenghe Resources, through the Belt and Road Initiative.
However, Greenland ’ s parliament passed a new law banning uranium mining and halting the development of rare earth deposits at Kuannersuit, the southern tip of Greenland.
China's rare earth mining accounts for more than 70% of the global mining volume, and China's rare earth magnetic processing volume accounts for 90% of the global processing volume.
Sungho Resources, one of the world ’ s largest producers of rare earth materials, acquired a 12.5% stake in Greenland Minerals in 2016, making it the largest shareholder in the latter.
Guanast in southern Greenland is home to the world ’ s second-largest reserves of rare earths and uranium after China, accounting for 10% of the world ’ s rare earth production.
Since former US President Donald Trump proposed the idea of buying Greenland in 2019, the rich rare earth resources of Guanaster in southern Greenland have attracted attention.
Greenland ’ s local parliament was elected early on April 6. In the end, the pro-environmental left-wing Inuit Ataqatigiit party won the election, and its leader, Mute Egede, became the new prime minister.
He declared that he would do everything in his power to stop the Guanast Rare Earth Mine project.
In response, Greenland ’ s parliament has passed a new bill aimed at banning exploration of uranium deposits, as well as other radioactive deposits such as thorium, and halting the development of rare earth deposits at the southern tip of Greenland.

China's rare earth mining accounts for over 70% of global mining volume, and the country has expressed interest in developing rare earth deposits in Greenland.

What countries are invested in Greenland Minerals corp?

Several companies, including AEX Gold, NEO, and Tanbreez Mining, have acquired licenses to extract rare earth minerals in Greenland.

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Content: AEX Gold aims to invest in Greenland through its new gold mining project

Traditionally known for its fishing and hunting industries, Greenland is fast becoming the next significant area of exploration for mining businesses. The largest island in the world, Greenland remains one of the least populated areas worldwide with 56,000 citizens, and it has sought to attract local and foreign investment across a number of new projects.

The island’s current position remains complex. A sovereign government, it is positioned under the Danish kingdom who provide grants to support its local economy. To further its independence and bolster its economy to create increased tax revenue, Greenland has embraced the exploration of new mining projects as well as utilising all the renewable and local resources it has to offer.

Rich in rare-earth minerals, gold, iron-ore, uranium, in addition to hydro and wind power, Greenland’s favourable legal framework and robust infrastructure, particularly in South Greenland, have factored into AEX Gold’s vision to explore through its Greenlandic subsidiary, Nalunaq Gold Mine, situated in the Nanortalik Gold belt, Southern Greenland.

Acquiring an existing Exploitation Licence in 2015, the company is at the advanced exploration stage of its Nalunaq property, including the previously operating Nalunaq Gold Mine.   It also holds Exploration Licences at the early exploration stage Vagar and Tartoq properties.

Hosting a high-grade NI 43-101 compliant gold resource estimate of 263k oz (inferred) at 18.7 g/t and a number of regional exploration targets, AEX Gold has undertaken three years of exploration at Nalunaq, developing an updated geological model and an extension of the main vein strike length up to 1km.

“The government is very supportive, so it's about having a sound exploration strategy. We are very much focused on that, as we have an asset package that we think we can grow and create a lot of value,” explains Chief Executive Officer, Eldur Olafsson.

Originating from Iceland, Olafsson has gained extensive experience of the local geography. Focusing on mining projects in Greenland since 2012, he has analysed the country’s potential against the backdrop of environmental responsibilities and associated legalities with partner SRK Exploration Services. Through this process, the business has turned its attentions solely towards gold exploration.

“The known gold deposits in Greenland are in an area where the climate is mild and, given our experience, logistics are relatively easy. Gold opportunities are easier to finance than larger base metals projects and our perception was that we could fully fund projects like these through our support here in Iceland and in the UK market,” he explains.

“We started looking for opportunities in the South Greenland Gold Province and became aware of this historically producing mine. We were attracted by the extremely high-grade potential of the resource and the fact that the project had significant infrastructure in place.  We believed there were significant opportunities to materially improve the mining operation that had been run by previous operators.”

Extensive exploration

Throughout the exploration of high-grade resources, Olafsson is proud to remain hands on and is regularly seen on site. By undertaking various technical studies, AEX has gained the ability to comprehensively analyse similar types of assets with potential.  After acquiring the Nalunaq project in 2015 the company has continued to expand its portfolio. Whilst Nalunaq encompasses the required licence to explore and recommence production at the old gold mine, they own the larger Vagar exploration licence, situated a few kilometres to the west of the mine, where AEX believes the ground is prospective for the discovery of further Nalunaq-type deposits.  In addition, they also own the early stage Tartoq Project to the North West of Nalunaq. Each licence area is at a different stage of exploration which supports AEX’s aim of having a continuous pipeline of projects being brought into production.

“We have a total of 690sqkm of licences in south Greenland and we're the only active listed gold company in Greenland. Previous operators undertook very little forward-looking exploration once the mine was in production.  It's a very under-explored region so we intend to recommence production within the next two years at Nalunaq in order to support our exploration in the larger licences in the next 5-10 years,” he says.

“Iceland is a short distance from Greenland, so logistically it’s good for us. Additionally, in Iceland you need to be really self-sufficient, and the same can be said for those in Greenland. We don't have as many people or the multitude of services that you would have in other countries which encourages you to think creatively,” he adds.

Consequently, the company has sought to maximise efficiency whilst keeping costs down, yet all the time adding increased value across its operations.

By acquiring a high-grade deposit, less material is needed to be broken down, lowering AEX Gold’s carbon footprint. Everything taken out of the mine from underground will be processed and shipped out to a different processing facility, or processed on site adhering to the current environmental guidelines. Historically, electricity has been generated through the use of traditional fossil fuels, something which is steadily changing throughout Greenland.

“We're using oil to put in generators or to power mobile mining equipment which is high cost both in monetary and environmental terms.   Greenland currently has five hydroelectric power plants and they are looking at building more in south Greenland,” says Olafsson.

Seeing huge opportunities, he explains that the use of hydropower and wind power would complement AEX Gold’s operations, not only in its existing exploration activities, but with the implementation of an electric mining fleet with electricity being obtained from local renewable resources.

Providing local opportunities

In the future, it will be essential for Greenland to gain further revenue to unlock opportunities and services for its citizens. This is something Olafsson believes that AEX Gold can help with due to its knowledge of Iceland as it has many similarities to Greenland and has been through a period of comparable change.

“Greenland is in a similar position to Iceland not so long ago. Iceland didn't have a high education rate and wasn’t wealthy compared to other European countries, with economic and cultural activities that were very insular. We are now at the highest level of all parameters in terms of education, wealth per family, etc. and this has stemmed from improving the breadth of schooling and creating opportunities for people to grow and develop outside of the traditional areas of agriculture and fisheries.

“Our aim is that the majority of employees will be Greenlandic, but it will take time. Greenland has a large number of people competing for jobs in the fisheries and tourist centres. It is important that Greenlanders are able to access programmes that will allow them to consider other career options. In Iceland we are importing a lot of people to work in different industries in our country because we don't have enough people. This might be the case for Greenlanders as well if the anticipated growth of the Mining Sector materialises but we want to ensure that, where possible, we use local people first before looking elsewhere.

“The Greenlandic Government provides good support for those who seek education.  There are an increasing number of Greenlandic students attending Danish Universities so that now, for example, we are seeing well qualified Greenlandic geologists available for employment.  There has been a Mining School at Sisimiut for the last 10 years which provides local qualified labour who can take advantage of opportunities in the Mining sector.  You need skilled labour and as we own a mine that was in production for 10 years previously, there is a fair bit of local knowledge that we have been able to use during our exploration work and which we are keen to utilise going forward,” he says.

“We are creating revenue for local communities, creating highly skilled jobs, and are providing benefits where local communities can live better lives and grow as individuals. We need to create opportunities for young people.”

Additionally, by working with local businesses as well as those who have been operating in Greenland for some time, AEX has made a conscious effort to hire companies which can support its growth. AEX have therefore acquired a longstanding relationship with Cartwright Drilling, due to the company’s extensive experience in Greenland and subsequent knowledge of the island’s government systems, processes and practices.

Planning to mine high-grade resources using significant infrastructure already in place, AEX Gold holds extensive licences managed by an experienced team. Previous operations produced between 50,000 to 100,000 ounces a year at 15.4 grams/ton produced and this has provided a benchmark for the company, who will utilise this cash flow to explore the wider region in the long-term.

“We have a five-year plan where we want to get into production at Nalunaq and use the cash generated to fund exploration in the wider district.   We envisage investing a significant amount in exploration assets to provide a portfolio of different deposits that we can bring into production. We are creating a company that has a long-term mission in Greenland to build up local know how to support our aim of ramping up to very profitable production across a number of projects,” notes Olafsson.

“It will create a dramatic effect on the local community and hopefully be a springboard for unlocking much larger potential in Greenland. There are plenty of deposits that have been found, but you have to be able to develop them. You can only do that that with support and cooperation from the local people who believe in your vision.”

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What company has obtained permission to extract Greenland's rare earths?

What company has obtained permission to extract Greenland's rare earths?

What company has obtained permission to extract Greenland's rare earths?

The EU has signed a strategic partnership with Greenland to develop sustainable raw material value chains, including rare earth minerals, with a focus on high ESG standards and infrastructure development.

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Content: Friday 01 December 2023
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EU and Greenland sign strategic partnership on raw material value chains
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The European Union has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Government of Greenland in Brussels to establish a strategic partnership to develop sustainable raw material value chains.
Greenland ’ s vast natural wealth is a key asset for reaping the benefits of global value chains, as it seeks to diversify its economy in a sustainable way, while 25 of the 34 critical raw materials identified by the Commission as strategically important for European industry and green transformation can be found in Greenland.
The Executive Vice President of the European Green Deal, Enterprise Relations and Foresight of the European Commission, Maros Sivčović, signed the Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of Greenland represented by the Minister of Business, Trade, Mineral Resources, Justice and Gender Equality, Naga Nathanelsen.
The signing of the MoU will contribute to the development of sustainable projects along the raw materials value chains and the deployment of the necessary infrastructure for their development.
The MoU provides for close cooperation between Greenland and the EU in five important areas; among which is the development of economic and industrial integration of the value chains of vital raw materials and other raw materials.
This includes networking, joint project development, creating and promoting new business models, attracting investments, supporting access to finance, facilitating business linkages, developing and integrating support for economic diversification and ensuring the smooth functioning and resilience of value chains.
Foster collaboration to leverage high environmental, social and international governance (ESG) standards, to ensure that Greenland ’ s mineral sector serves as a lever for sustainable and inclusive economic growth while creating local and local value.
This includes the sustainable exploitation of mineral resources in close dialogue with the Greenland community of individuals, organisations, institutions and other stakeholders, taking fully into account the unique nature of Greenland ’ s pristine lands and applying high environmental, social and governance standards set out in legislation, conventions, guidelines and best practices.
Deploy the infrastructure needed to develop raw material value chains.
This includes taking into account the specificities of Greenland's transport and energy infrastructure needs, taking into account Arctic or sub-Arctic conditions, and supporting the mobilization of funding for such infrastructure.
Capacity building and skills development along raw material value chains.
This includes developing skills at all levels in the raw materials industry and wider society.
Greenland is eligible to participate in the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation and provides Earth observation data thanks to the European Copernicus Satellite Programme which offers promising opportunities related to mineral exploration, sediment mapping and mining monitoring including waste management and environmental impact monitoring.
according to the statement.

The partnership aims to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth, while addressing the environmental concerns associated with mining in Greenland.

However, the extraction of rare earth minerals in Greenland poses significant technical challenges and environmental concerns due to the country's unique geological and climatic conditions.

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The deflation that Musk and Wood are worried about doesn't exist?
Hurricane Ian approaches, millions of Florida residents urged to evacuate
Warming Frontline / Rescue Greenland Ice Melting for Hydroelectric Power
In 1962, an American oil company ran a magazine ad with the headline: “We provide enough energy to melt 7 million metric tons of glaciers every day. ”
In response to climate shocks, Greenland categorically rejects oil and gas development.
In response to global warming, China and Russia jointly announced at the beginning of the year that they would develop Arctic routes as "polar silk roads"; in order to counter China and Russia, the United States announced the establishment of an "Arctic ambassador" for the first time in August this year.
Greenland ’ s rare minerals and metals also attract the world ’ s richest people.
Bill Gates and Bezos also invested in the development of Greenland ’ s nickel and cobalt – key elements for making electric car batteries – in order to create a “greener world, ” ignoring the permanent damage that mining has done to Greenland ’ s ecology.
The world is preoccupied with Greenland, but few people have asked their opinion.
Karina Serrano, a teacher at Nasak ’ s food school, said that even former US President Donald Trump has said that he wants to buy Greenland, but that Greenland belongs to the people and “will not be sold. ”
After 50 years of drilling by various countries, Greenland issued a blockbuster statement last July: “Stop issuing new oil and gas exploration licenses ” and“ Future belongs to renewable energy ”.
Kalista, Greenland's environment minister.
Lund said that it will use the melting of ice caused by warming to strengthen hydroelectric power, replacing fossil fuels, and the proportion of renewable energy power generation in the future can reach 90%.
Renewable energy accounts for 72% of Greenland ’ s electricity generation, and more than half relies on hydropower.
This achievement took 30 years; in addition to the fact that the climate and terrain are so traumatic, Pierre Vassard, director of Greenland Energy, revealed that “the permafrost layer defrosts with heating, and it is more difficult to locate power towers and power plants ”. Greenland is expected to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2030.
Sebastian Simonsen, a senior researcher at the Danish University of Science and Technology, said that Arctic melting could bring benefits, “not sure it ’ s a good change, but it ’ s always a decision to make. ”
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The mining process can generate toxic and radioactive waste, and the refining of rare earth minerals requires acidic substances, which can harm the environment.

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Content: Democracy Dies in Darkness

Sweden’s new rare-earth metal find likely big deal for Western consumers

Sweden has discovered what is billed as Europe’s biggest deposit of rare earth minerals — a crucial component for electronics and clean energy needs — giving a significant boost to the continent’s hunt for trade security.

LKAB, the Swedish state-owned mining company, announced Thursday that it found deposits of more than 1 million tons of rare earth metals in the country’s far northern Lapland province.

Products ranging from smartphones to electric vehicles and even military jets require these rare earth elements which are not currently mined in Europe, the company said. Much of the world’s supply comes from China, which has used them as a geopolitical tool.

LKAB President Jan Mostrom said in a statement that the find could be a “significant building block” for Europe, which faces a “supply problem.” But the company also said that it would take at least a decade before rare earth minerals from the find hit market.

Here’s what to know about this major discovery and what it means for Western consumers.

What are rare earth minerals and where are they found?

Rare earths are not actually that rare. They are a group of 17 chemical elements, composed of scandium, yttrium and lanthanides, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

But mining rare earth minerals is complex, as supply is not concentrated in one location. Mining them also impacts the environment, since their ores can be laced with radioactive materials such as thorium and uranium. Refining the minerals can also generate toxic and radioactive waste, which poses environmental and health risks if not properly disposed of.

China hosts a majority of the world’s reserve of rare earth minerals and is the world’s leading supplier of the product. (The United States was the largest producer several decades ago.) While Brazil and Vietnam have significant reserves, they lag far behind in mining it.

China hints it will choke off U.S. ‘rare earths’ access. But it’s not that easy.

Access to the minerals became an issue during the Trump administration’s trade war with China. Beijing threatened to cut off exports to the United States in 2019 to retaliate against Trump’s measures, pushing prices up, prompting Trump to sign an executive order increasing domestic production. The Biden administration has also pushed for investments in that supply chain.

Other countries have also moved to reduce their reliance on China. Australia is spending millions to develop a rare earths mine and processing plant in its Northern Territory.

What are rare earth minerals used for?

Multiple household goods, including televisions, computers, smartphones, and lighting use rare earth minerals. Yttrium and europium, for instance, light up iPhone displays and allow them to vibrate.

They are also key elements of U.S.-made defense systems, including night vision technology, jets and armored vehicle alloys.

Rare earth minerals are critical for the global clean energy transition, as they are components of the magnets used in electric vehicles and wind turbines. Though recently, some companies have developed motors for electric vehicles that do not require rare earths.

What does Sweden’s discovery mean for the climate?

LKAB’s find was welcomed in Europe, which has faced energy challenges amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The European Union also has a goal of becoming climate neutral by 2050.

In September, a senior E.U. official said that Europe’s climate ambitions were at risk without reliable supply chains. “Take China, with its quasi-monopoly on rare earths and permanent magnets and prices rising by 50-90% in the past year alone,” wrote Thierry Breton, an E.U. commissioner. “Supply of raw materials has become a real geopolitical tool.”

The European Raw Material Alliance notes that while the European Union has a massive electric-motor manufacturing sector, “it is almost fully import dependent” when it came to rare earth permanent magnets.

Swedish Deputy Prime Minister Ebba Busch said Thursday that Europe’s independence from Russia and China will begin with this mine.

Political leadership in the continent, she said, “must give the industry the conditions to switch to green and fossil-free production.”

The use of acidic substances like hydrofluoric acid can cause skin chemical burns, highlighting the need for personal protective gear to prevent labor safety accidents.

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Content: On August 29, 2019, Miaoli Optoelectronic Technology Factory workers were accidentally sprayed with a strong acid solution of hydrofluoric acid on their legs, causing large areas of skin chemical burns. After emergency treatment, they were still pronounced dead. The cause of the disaster was that they did not choose to wear the correct chemical protective clothing and other personal protective equipment.
Personal protective gear is the last line of defense to protect labor safety, but more importantly, it is necessary to choose the right type, grade, type of protective gear in order to protect the safety and health of the work in the actual operating environment.
For precious metal recycling chemical stripping operations, for example, the process will use corrosive chemicals (Wang Shui), the staff work includes chemical filling, stirring and unloading, etc., the contact part may be whole body, belong to a high skin hazard exposure situation, so you need to choose a whole body chemical protective clothing, but how to choose from each type of chemical protective clothing?
The exposure type can be further considered, because there is no liquid droplet pressurized spraying or leakage from high places during the operation, but there is a risk that the stirring action may be accompanied by liquid spillage. Therefore, the evaluation needs to choose a spillage chemical protective clothing (type 4), and the penetration test results of the protective clothing are taken into account.
Chemical protective clothing selection is generally divided into four levels of ABCD based on the field hazard situation, but the lack of consideration of the operation type requirements, operating methods, and protective performance of different types of protective clothing, resulting in a significant reduction in protective performance, which cannot achieve the purpose of protecting labor safety.
The Institute of Labor and Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Labor compiles and compares the regulations and management measures of chemical protective clothing in the United States, the European Union and Taiwan. It is recommended to consider the following points: (1) assessing the hazards and characteristics of the chemicals used (such as gas, liquid, dust); (2) whether the contact site is systemic; (3) the type of operation exposure (such as whether there is a liquid droplet pressurized injection); (4) Use of chemical concentration permeability test results.
After consideration, choose the appropriate type of protective clothing from types 1 to 6.
The Ministry of Labor and Security has gradually established the testing procedure of chemical protective clothing whole piece by reference to CNS16103 and European standard. It can provide reference for the testing technology and selection management of protective clothing test items. The relevant research report can be downloaded from the Ministry of Labor and Security official website / research results / annual research report / 110 year / occupational health research group.
# Protective clothing # Chemistry # Optional # Ministry of Labor # Chemicals

Alternative methods, such as biosorption, are being developed as safer and less environmentally taxing approaches to separating rare-earth elements.

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Content: Oct 18, 2023

Bacteria could be the key to a safer, greener way of processing rare-earth metals

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Shewanella oneidensis could be used to expand the supply of rare-earth metals used in electric vehicles, wind turbines and other environmental technologies, according to Cornell’s Buz Barstow. China currently dominates the market for the minerals.

The word “bacteria” doesn’t exactly evoke positive images, but scientists at Cornell University recently discovered a novel way to replicate and use a bacterium from Oneida Lake in New York state.

It’s called Shewanella oneidensis, and it has a special affinity for the rare-earth elements — such as so-called lanthanides, metals that are important for clean, renewable energy technology.

The bacteria can be used to process rare-earth metals through a method called biosorption, which is considered safer and less taxing on the environment than current means of extraction.

Marketplace’s Lily Jamali discussed the findings with Buz Barstow, a professor of biological and environmental engineering at Cornell and a lead researcher on the project.

The following is an edited transcript of their conversation.

Buz Barstow: So it enables us to make, we think, [an] extremely scalable, environmentally friendly process for separating individual lanthanides — exactly the thing you need for electric vehicles, wind turbines, superconductors. And it lets you do it not just, say, in China or other sort of less advanced economies. This is a process that we think is good enough, is environmentally friendly enough, to let us do this in the more advanced nations with more stringent environmental regulations. So it avoids us getting into this — my program manager, he called it eco-colonialism, where we externalize the CO2 problem. We say, “We want to solve this environmental problem, so we’re going to create these other environmental problems over in this other country.” This technology and technologies like it let us avoid that dilemma.

Lily Jamali: And why is that a better alternative to how we process rare-earth elements today?

Barstow: That’s a great question. It doesn’t involve any harsh chemicals. So today, we rely on a solvent extraction process to purify them. So organic solvents, they have a tendency to be carcinogenic. They’re terrible for the environment in other ways as well. We also use what’s called an organophosphorus-based extractant as well. That’s a molecule, again, carcinogenic, that has a small preference for one or a small number of rare-earths. Because that doesn’t have an enormous preference for any one rare-earth, you have to do this sort of successive enrichment process. So you need gallons and gallons and gallons of it. And you need sort of incredibly long separation processes as well. So there’s loads of potential for leakage as well.

Jamali: So in addition to being more environmentally sustainable, is this approach that researchers are working on, is it also more scalable?

Barstow: I would like to think so. We’re not the only people who are working on biological approaches to separating rare-earth elements. I can think of at least two colleagues — Joey Cotruvo at Penn State, Cecilia Martinez-Gomez at [the University of California] Berkeley — who are also coming up with bio-approaches. And they’re taking sort of, you know, very different approaches to the one we are. I’d like to think Shewanella and biosorption, in general, it has a lower specificity than their approaches. But it’s easier to get the rare-earths off the surface of the absorbing agent. So it might make for a faster, more scalable process. Also, biosorption doesn’t require that you purify anything, either. All it requires is biomass. We just have to grow cells, that’s really easy, doesn’t require any purification.

Jamali: When do you think we could see this in real life, a test run, a pilot?

Barstow: You know, I think it’s like, where there’s a will, there’s a way. I’d like to think that there’s enough momentum behind these technologies, there’s enough interest to fund them. I’ll use this opportunity to give a plug for my grad student, Sean Medin. Sean was the first author on this paper. and he and Alexa Schmitz — Alexa was my first postdoc [researcher] in my lab — founded a company called Reegen to commercialize this technology and also technology for engineering microbes to dissolve rocks to get rare-earths out of them as well. What they’ve done is they have opened up the opportunity for sort of commercial investment in this.

More on this

According to the U.S. Geological Survey, China is the global leader in rare-earth metals, producing 70% of the world’s supply.

But a report from the Yale School of the Environment finds that has come at a cost to the country in the form of serious water and soil pollution issues.

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Biosorption uses bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis to process rare-earth metals, which can reduce the environmental impact of rare earth mineral extraction.

The cost of equipment to separate rare earths is $40 million, which is a significant investment for any company looking to extract these minerals.

How much will it cost to build a facility to separate and extract rare earth minerals?

The estimated value of Greenland's rare earth mineral deposits is not specified in most documents, and the ease or difficulty of extraction is not explicitly stated.

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Content: Why are countries competing so hard for deep sea mining?
Jamaica will host international talks from Monday to discuss several issues, most notably the controversial issue of allowing deep sea mining.
This comes after a two-year ban on such activities ended due to the failure of states to agree on new regulations.
Scientists fear a possible "scramble" for precious metals in the deep ocean could have dire consequences for marine life.
But proponents argue that these minerals are necessary to meet global demand for green technology, which preserves the environment.
The controversy began in 2021 when the tiny Pacific island of Nauru formally applied to the United Nations International Seabed Authority, which oversees mining in international waters, for a commercial licence to start deep-sea mining.
The move prompted a provision to set a two-year deadline for the agency to decide on the application, despite minimal regulations in place.
States have been meeting since then in an effort to finalize rules on environmental control and property sharing, but the efforts have not yielded any success.
Kingston, Jamaica, is currently hosting a three-week meeting for discussions.
It comes at a time of growing objections to commercial deep-sea mining aimed at collecting rocks containing precious metals.
Some 200 countries, including Switzerland, Spain and Germany, are calling for a halt or suspension due to environmental concerns and are now expected to be given a vote on a new ban next month.
Although the UK has not called for a new ban, a government spokesman told the BBC: "The UK will maintain its precautionary position of not supporting the issuance of any exploration licences until there is sufficient scientific evidence on the potential impact on deep-sea ecosystems."
Marine scientists have raised concerns about limited deep-ocean research to study the animals and plants that live there, and therefore the effects that deep-sea mining could have.
Experts say the technology potentially used to collect minerals from the seabed could create significant noise and light pollution, as well as release plumes of sediment that pose a risk of choking food-leaching species, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Katherine Wheeler, director of global policy at charity Fauna & Flora, said: “We must not let this be a new drive to raise wealth, to further destroy our planet without actually realizing what we are doing. ”
Scientists recently announced that more than 5,000 different animals have been found in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean, a key area for future mining activities.
The Clarion-Clipperton Zone and other areas ripe for mining, such as the so-called Pacific Ocean crust, are unique environments with hydrothermal vents, underwater mountains and vast plains up to 6,500 meters below the surface of the water.
Scientists believe they can support uniquely adapted species of organisms, the likes of which are not found anywhere else in the world.
Not all States are categorically opposed to such activities, and the International Seabed Authority has already issued 31 exploration contracts to companies wishing to search the deep ocean, while 14 States, including China, Russia, India, the United Kingdom, France and Japan, support such activity.
The Authority only permits the issuance of exploration contracts in international waters, and States are free to conduct exploration in their national waters.
Last month, Norway controversially opened up areas in the Greenland Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea covering 280,000 square kilometers for mining companies to apply for licences.
Oil and Energy Minister Terje Asland said in a statement: "We need minerals to succeed in the green transition."
Metal Company, which partners with three Pacific Island States -- the Republic of Nauru, the Republic of Kiribati and the Kingdom of Tonga -- intends to proceed with applications.
The company said the deep sea offers a promising source of metals such as copper, cobalt and nickel, which are needed for technologies such as mobile phones, wind turbines and electric vehicle batteries.
Nick Pickens, director of global mining research at Wood Mackenzie, told the BBC that many of these minerals are relatively available on Earth but difficult to access.
The Democratic Republic of Congo, which has some of the highest purity copper grades in the world, is facing violent ethnic conflict in parts of the country.
There are also a limited number of refining sites involved in the conversion of metals from their raw form to useful components.
Pickens said: “Deep sea mining does not necessarily solve any of these issues.
There are still geopolitical challenges. ”

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Content: Uncategorized

Rare Earth Elements Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

Rare Earth Element is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare-earth elements because they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties.
This report contains market size and forecasts of Rare Earth Elements in global, including the following market information:
Global Rare Earth Elements Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)
Global Rare Earth Elements Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (MT)
Global top five Rare Earth Elements companies in 2021 (%)
The global Rare Earth Elements market was valued at 2659.4 million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ 3906.3 million by 2028, at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.
Cerium Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Rare Earth Elements include Arafura, Alkane Resources, Avalon Rare Metals, China Rare Earth Holdings, Indian Rare Earths, Lynas, Great Western Minerals, Greenland Minerals & Energy and Rare Element Resources, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Rare Earth Elements manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Rare Earth Elements Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (MT)
Global Rare Earth Elements Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)
Cerium
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Gadolinium
Holmium
Lanthanum
Lutetium
Neodymium
Praseodymium
Global Rare Earth Elements Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (MT)
Global Rare Earth Elements Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)
Magnets
Catalysts
Metallurgy
Polishing
Glass
Phosphors
Ceramics
Other
Global Rare Earth Elements Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (MT)
Global Rare Earth Elements Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Rare Earth Elements revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Rare Earth Elements revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)
Key companies Rare Earth Elements sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (MT)
Key companies Rare Earth Elements sales share in global market, 2021 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Arafura
Alkane Resources
Avalon Rare Metals
China Rare Earth Holdings
Indian Rare Earths
Lynas
Great Western Minerals
Greenland Minerals & Energy
Rare Element Resources
Molycorp
Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-Tech
Frontier Rare Earths

Download FREE Sample of this Report @ https://www.statsmarketresearch.com/download-free-sample/7131409/global-rare-earth-elements-forecast-2022-2028-651

Table of content

1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Rare Earth Elements Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Rare Earth Elements Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Rare Earth Elements Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Rare Earth Elements Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Rare Earth Elements Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Rare Earth Elements Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Rare Earth Elements Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Rare Earth Elements Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Rare Earth Elements Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Rare Earth Elements Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Rare Earth Elements Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Rare Earth Elements Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Rare Earth Elements Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Rare Earth Elements Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Rare Earth Elements Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Rare Earth Elements Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Rare Earth El

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Content: Truth, Inspiration, Hope.

Govts Utilizing Mine Waste to Beat China on Green Energy Goals

100,000 tons of rare earths each year end up in waste from producing phosphoric acid alone
Victor resides in the Netherlands and writes about freedom and governmental and social changes to the democratic form of nations.
Published: April 10, 2023

Several mine waste refining projects have started worldwide in a longshot effort to meet the demand for the green energy revolution and beat market leader China along the way.

Sweden, South Africa, and Australia are among the countries that hope to wean off their dependency on China for their supply of rare earths, a market that is 90 percent dominated by Beijing

These mine waste by-products, in many cases, can be processed into substances vital for powering electric vehicles (EV) and wind turbines; however, the yield from these processes would hardly make a dent in satisfying the surging demand of a world that has set its sights on net-zero carbon emissions by 2040.

Sweden

One of those companies that took the challenge is Swedish state-owned iron ore miner LKAB, which has set out to extract phosphorus for fertilizer, fluorine, and gypsum in addition to rare earths from mining debris or by-products.

Material from an initial stage of iron ore processing, currently deposited in a tailings dam, Europe’s largest known deposit of rare earth oxides, will be retained and go through further treatment stages.

“We want to make sure we extract as much value as possible, and when we come to the critical minerals, we have those in our ores already,” said David Hognelid, LKAB’s chief strategy officer for unique products.

LKAB will be sending its material for separation to Norway’s REEtec, in which it is the biggest shareholder.

Commodity trader Mercuria also bought a stake in REEtec for a new division that targets metals needed for the energy transition.

“REEtec fits the narrative of building processing capacity for rare earths in the part of the supply chain where we think there’s a bottleneck,” said Guillaume de Dardel, head of energy transition metals at Mercuria.

“The company’s technology has a lower environmental footprint than the legacy solvent extraction process essentially used for rare earths separation in China.”

South Africa and Australia

In South Africa, Rainbow Minerals also plans to process waste stacks from years of phosphate mining.

Rainbow Minerals will employ a novel method based on ion chromatography, a technique widely used in pharmaceutical and other industries created by the American business K-Technologies.

The largest such project, however, is currently underway in Australia, where the manufacturer of mineral sands, Iluka, is preparing to process 1 million tons of stockpiled by-products that have been accumulating at its Eneabba site since the 1990s.

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It is constructing a rare earths refinery slated to open in 2025 that, together with the required infrastructure, is anticipated to cost between $675 million and $800 million, aided by government grants.

Low-hanging fruits

There are 16.2 million tons of unexploited rare earths in 325 mineral sands deposits worldwide, Australia’s RMIT University estimates. Meanwhile, the Idaho National Laboratory said 100,000 tons of rare earths each year end up in waste from producing phosphoric acid alone.

The projects mentioned above target output of over 10,000 tons of key elements neodymium and praseodymium (NdPr) oxide by 2027 by processing material from mineral sands, fertilizer, and iron ore operations, Reuters estimated based on figures from consultants Adamas Intelligence.

“These projects are the low-hanging fruit in the supply chain at the moment,” said Ryan Castilloux, managing director at Adamas.

But these low-hanging fruits only make up 8 percent of the expected demand for the two vital ores, essential for making permanent magnets to power EV and wind turbine motors.

“There’s more demand growth coming in the near to medium term than production, so there’s an opportunity for these readily accessible sources of supply,” Castilloux figured.

But however profitable the short-term prospects for Adamas and others may be, they will only be for a relatively short period. They can only serve to cut the expected deficit in the materials by half at most, Adamas and the Reuters analysis showed.

Reuters contributed to this article.

However, the country's unique geology and harsh Arctic environment may pose challenges for extraction, and the lack of infrastructure and regulations may also impact the feasibility of mining operations.

Overall, the extraction of rare earth minerals in Greenland requires careful consideration of the technical challenges and environmental concerns, as well as the development of sustainable and responsible mining practices.