Russia is India's largest supplier of military equipment, meeting around 60% of its defense needs.

The two countries have a "special and privileged strategic partnership" in areas including defense, energy, and space.

India and Russia have signed agreements to enhance defense cooperation, including a 10-year military-technical cooperation program.

Western sanctions have eroded Russia's defense production, impacting India-Russia cooperation as India relies heavily on Russian equipment.

India buys over 60% of its weapons from Russia, maintaining long-term relations with the country.

India and Russia are collaborating to resolve equipment maintenance issues and maintain defense cooperation despite Ukraine conflict challenges.

The India-Russia relationship has evolved under Modi and Putin, focusing on defense cooperation amid the Ukraine conflict.

India and Russia are exploring ways to boost defense and security cooperation, including a rupee-rouble trade deal and joint work in space and AI.

The Ukraine conflict has prompted India to diversify its defense partnerships, strengthening ties with the US and other Western countries while maintaining relations with Russia.

India and Russia are maintaining cooperation on defense despite Ukraine conflict challenges.

India and Russia jointly produce the BrahMos cruise missile system through Brahmos Aerospace.

India is purchasing Russia's S-400 air defense system despite US opposition.

India and Russia have signed a contract to produce 600,000 Kalashnikov rifles in India with full technology transfer in seven years.

Russia and India plan to produce Igla-S air defense systems and other military equipment in India.

India and Russia have a strategic military technology partnership, with Russia providing India prompt access to defense technology.

The two countries plan to cooperate on oil and satellite navigation to strengthen their partnership.

India and Russia have extended their military-technical cooperation agreement until 2031.

Russia's current arms export order book to India exceeds $10 billion.

India and Russia are jointly developing the BrahMos and S-400 systems.

Russia has provided India with significant military equipment and technology as part of their defense cooperation.

India has received over $65 billion worth of military equipment from Russia in recent years.

The Indian Navy and Air Force are 80% and 70% equipped with Russian equipment, respectively.

India and Russia have a strong defense partnership, cooperating in areas like joint production, technology transfer, and research.

The two countries plan to cooperate on developing hypersonic missiles and stealth fighters.

India relies on Russia for nearly half of its military supplies.

India and Russia have signed agreements to jointly produce military equipment, including BrahMos missiles and Ka-226T helicopters.

Russia's military equipment is produced in India, including T-90 and T-72 tanks, BMP-2 vehicles, and "Mango" and "Invar" shells.

India is producing the Kalashnikov AK-203 rifle, with plans to manufacture 600,000 units.

India and Russia will jointly produce 600,000 Kalashnikov rifles with full technology transfer in seven years.

India will manufacture 750,000 AK-203 assault rifles for the Indian Army.

Russia will transfer technology to India for joint production of spare parts.

Russia and India plan to produce Igla-S air defense systems and other military equipment in India.

India and Russia have signed a 10-year military cooperation program to produce Russian weapons in India.

US sanctions do not affect Russia's $65 billion worth of military equipment production in India.

India and Russia's trade turnover has reached $23.1 billion, with Russian imports to India totaling $21.6 billion, a 10% increase.

India is reducing its dependence on Russian-made weapons, diversifying procurement from countries like the US, Israel, and France.

The US wants India to counter China and reduce Russian imports, despite India's strong ties with Russia.

Russia and India are currently producing military equipment, including AK-203 rifles and Ka-226T helicopters.

Future production plans include Igla-S air defense systems and T-90 tanks.

Russian production in India will expand to include spare parts and equipment.

Kalashnikov's head says AK-203 production in India is on track.

Russia and India finalized a contract for joint production of AK-203 rifles.

The deal to produce over 600,000 AK-203 rifles is worth over $677 million.

AK-203 rifle production in India began after December 2021, with localization increasing from 5% to 100% in phases.

India aims to reduce its reliance on Russia, which has supplied 65% of its arms over the past 20 years.

The war in Ukraine has accelerated India's push to diversify its defense supplies due to concerns over Russian spare part deliveries.

India is exploring alternative suppliers, including France, the US, and Israel, having already bought equipment like Gale jets and Scorpene submarines from France.

The US and India have signed significant defense deals, including a jet engine production agreement.

India's defense procurement from Russia has decreased to 49% as purchases from the US, Israel, and France have risen.

Russia remains a crucial partner for India in multilateral organizations.

The US has offered to waive sanctions on India's purchase of the S-400 missile system to reduce its dependence on Russian supplies.

India is investing in its domestic defense industry through initiatives like "Make in India" and "Atmanirbhar Bharat" to become self-reliant.

The country plans to invest $100 billion in defense over 10 years, including joint ventures with Russia to produce equipment like the AK-203 rifle.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has delayed Russia's military shipments to India.

India seeks to resolve the conflict through dialogue and has maintained neutrality, abstaining from UN votes against Russia.

India and Russia maintain a "special and privileged strategic partnership" under Modi and Putin.

India's rivalry with China has impacted its relationship with Russia, which provides diplomatic and military technology support.

China's growing influence has limited Russia's, prompting India to balance its relationships with both.

India's reduced reliance on Russian defense supplies may impact India-Russia cooperation and the regional balance of power.

The Ukraine conflict poses challenges to India-Russia defense cooperation, but their strategic interests will likely preserve the relationship.

India's military is largely equipped with Russian hardware, a concern for China.

India gets 60% of its defense equipment from Russia, and Russia's Ukraine invasion has disrupted Indian arms supplies.

The Ukraine war and Western sanctions have increased Russia's dependence on China and weakened its defense production.

China's security agreements and Russia's Ukraine invasion have strained India's relations with Iran and Russia.

China's growing influence in

Russia is India's largest supplier of military equipment, meeting around 60% of its defense needs.

Title:

Content: Top

Old friends

X

On Monday, PM Modi spoke over the phone with Russian President Vladimir Putin. The phone call reportedly was a follow-up on many of the issues raised during Putin's recent India visit on December 6. According to a statement by the PMO, the two leaders have agreed to remain in regular touch with each other on a range of issues covered under the India-Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership. Insofar as visits from foreign dignitaries and leaders go, Putin's visit to India earlier this month was arguably the most consequential development for India in the field of foreign affairs for quite some time. India, as may be known, has a long and storied relationship with Russia and its precursor, the Soviet Union. From the earliest days, the friendship between the two nations had a strong strategic undertone with both sides supporting each other on the world stage whenever necessary. Indeed, the Soviet Union was undeniably India's greatest ally in the 20th century against the machinations of the western powers like the US that did not take kindly to India announcing itself to be a 'socialist' nation. From Kashmir to the Bangladesh Liberation War, Russia has stood by India in defence of its strategic interests. As a proof of the relationship, a majority of military equipment India currently possesses was either directly supplied by Moscow or is otherwise of Russian origin. In recent years, with the fall of the Soviet Union and India's move towards liberalising its economy, India has ventured out into the world to make a new set of friends. This time around, it is India and the US that are getting along like a house on fire. India has deliberately sought to widen its field diplomatically and militarily in order to not be tied down to a single nation with the rather pragmatic understanding that there are no permanent relationships in international politics. In more recent times, Russia and India have somewhat drifted further apart as Russia bands together with India's rival China to take on the hegemony of the western world that is held up by the US. While India has no interest in joining the US in its power games against Russia, it is very much interested in leveraging its relationship with the west in its struggle to contain a belligerent China. It is here that India has had to perform a tremendous tight-rope walk, particularly following the 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia. On the one hand, you have America that wishes to limit or even extinguish India's strategic relationship with Russia. On the other, you have Russia that is increasingly concerned and agitated by India drawing ever closer to the US's sphere of influence as it joins America in endeavours like the Quad grouping. Of particular concern to both sides is India's continuing dependence on Russia for military equipment. The US, already having sanctioned Turkey for the same, looks on menacingly as it threatens India with sanctions for buying the S-400 missile system. Russia, of course, is not only interested in keeping its old defence ties but even expanding them, as it has been recently teasing India with the possibility of being the first nation in the world to buy the improved S-500 missile system. In this regard, Putin's visit to India could be termed as symbolic. Since the beginning of the pandemic, Putin has only ventured out twice from his country, with the second trip being the one to India. His tone and body language during the meeting with PM Modi spoke volumes of the importance he attaches to maintaining the ties with India. Aside from underscoring the good working relationship he has with India's PM, the visit also highlighted that despite the recent turns of history, the two nations still have much to share and collectively work towards. Common concern in regards to the Taliban and Afghanistan is one such area that the two sides are looking to cooperate on in the near future. Another is strengthening existing defence ties between the two nations. Underscoring its strategic independence, India has decided to continue with its defence dealings with Russia, discussing the purchase of the S-400 missile system while also finalising a long-pending Rs 5,000 crore deal for the production of over five lakh AK-203 rifles in a joint Indo-Russian deal. But all said and done, the future of India's relationship with Russia still has some shades of uncertainty. Primary amongst them is the ongoing escalation between Moscow and NATO in regards to Ukraine and eastern Europe. If Russia should choose to brave threats of western sanctions to take action in Ukraine, where does this leave India? Can India still continue its balancing game between east and west at a time when geopolitics are heating up to a boiling point? That remains to be seen.

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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

The two countries have a "special and privileged strategic partnership" in areas including defense, energy, and space.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

India and Russia have signed agreements to enhance defense cooperation, including a 10-year military-technical cooperation program.

Title:

Content: China
According to the American publication Politico, during a nearly two-hour conversation in video format on March 18, US President Joe Biden failed to convince Chinese President Xi Jinping to commit to using Chinese influence to stop the Russian special operation in Ukraine.
On the contrary, this conversation provoked the Chinese leader to implicit criticism of the US role in fueling the Ukrainian crisis.
Moreover, Beijing seems to be only strengthening its relations with Moscow and opposing Washington ’ s attempts to stop the special operation to denazize and demilitarize Ukraine.
A senior White House official said that Biden did not make any specific demands during the talks, but only outlined his vision of the situation in Ukraine, but nevertheless warned that Moscow ’ s support would have consequences for China.
Administration spokeswoman Jen Psaki confirmed that Washington could impose sanctions against China.
Xi Jinping ’ s rhetoric was less belligerent: he pointed out to Biden that the main priority in the situation in Ukraine remains the continuation of dialogue and the prevention of civilian casualties, the avoidance of a humanitarian crisis and an early ceasefire, and in the long term, mutual respect between major powers, the rejection of the mentality of the cold war and bloc confrontation, the consistent construction of a sustainable system of global and regional security.
In addition, the Chinese President told the American President that “the United States and NATO should promote dialogue with Russia, address the security concerns of the Russian Federation and Ukraine and the real cause of the Ukrainian crisis. ”
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi is confident that China ’ s position is objective and fair, and time will show that it is on the right side of history.
The lack of substantive results from the March 18 talks casts doubt on whether the personal relationship between U.S. and Chinese leaders, dating back to Biden ’ s time as vice president, can indeed help bridge deep political differences between them.
Most likely, this will only strengthen the White House ’ s policy towards China, which is based on rallying Washington ’ s allies to counter Beijing ’ s influence in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond.
This is clearly evidenced by the words of the official representative of the State Department Ned Price, sounded on March 14:
“(At the talks of US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan with the head of the office of the CCP Foreign Affairs Committee Yang Jiechi in Rome, the American delegation directly and unequivocally stated our concern about China ’ s support for Russia and the consequences that any such support would have in terms of China ’ s relations not only with us, but also with other countries around the world, including our allies and the Indo-Pacific. in the region."
It seems that the press Secretary of the American foreign Ministry speaks on behalf of not only the United States, but also India, Vietnam, Indonesia and other countries that allegedly act against China, providing support to Russia, thus misleading the public.
And not only this – earlier, the American media, namely the newspaper The Wall Street Journal and CNN, spread a message that Russia allegedly asked China for military assistance for a special operation in Ukraine.
This information, following the press Secretary of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Peskov denied the Ambassador of China to the United States Qin Gang.
The diplomat stressed that Beijing does not provide weapons and ammunition to any of the parties to the conflict, making every effort to resolve the crisis.
According to the Chinese newspaper Global Times, if China really puts pressure on Russia, it will undermine relations between Beijing and Moscow and sabotage mutual trust, which will be a huge strategic loss for both sides.
“This is what the US wants and is happy to see.
But how can Beijing and Moscow allow such an evil stunt to succeed? <... > Russia is an independent major power, and China has no power to influence its decision on Ukraine, which Moscow considers a matter of “life and death, ” the article says.
China not only did not follow the lead of the United States, but also went on the offensive: the official representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China Zhao Lijian accused Washington of spreading disinformation against China on the Ukrainian issue, pursuing malicious goals and demanded the opening of American biological laboratories operating in Ukraine for independent research by international experts.
And about how the strengthening of the collective sanctions pressure of the West on Moscow and Beijing will affect the further development of Russian-Chinese relations, Wang Yi clearly explained:
“They are independent and independent, based on non-alignment with the blocs, the absence of confrontation and are not aimed at third parties, they also do not tolerate outside interference and provocations.
No matter how threatening the international situation may be, China and Russia will maintain their strategic resolve and continue to promote comprehensive partnership and strategic engagement in the new era.
The rock solid unity of Russia and China is an important stabilizing factor in maintaining regional and international peace and security in the midst of a shaky and constantly changing international environment. ”
In turn, his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov notes that relations between Russia and China have reached an unprecedented high level.
And that's not the limit.
“Now, of course, I think that this interaction will be strengthened, because in conditions when the West is simply rudely undermining all the foundations on which the international system is based, of course, we need to think about how the two great powers still continue to be in this world, ” the Russian Foreign Minister added.
India
No matter what Ned Price says, India has its own opinion of what is happening.
The American edition of Vox notes that the confrontation between the Russian Federation and the United States on the Ukrainian issue puts India in a difficult position, but the authorities of the country in this situation seek to maintain long-term relations with Moscow.
The author of the article Jen Kirby draws attention to the fact that during the Cold War, India adhered to the tactics of non-alignment and preservation of sovereignty, and, although the country ’ s foreign policy has changed since then, the idea of   autonomy is still embedded in its foundation.
Balancing between the two centers of power requires complex calculations from New Delhi, but such a strategy is in its interests: warm relations with the United States and sanctions pressure from the West do not prevent trade with Russia (moreover, the Indian authorities are developing a new foreign trade strategy to preserve the volume of exports and imports to Russia in the context of the crisis around Ukraine), negotiate the purchase of oil at a discount and closely cooperate in the military sphere (2 / 3 of the Indian arms market is Russian Federation products that require further maintenance).
The updated program of military-technical cooperation is designed for 10 years, until 2031.
There are a lot of areas and joint projects.
I do not think, I can even say that I am sure that the current situation will not affect or affect our military-technical cooperation in a minimal way, because many Russian companies working in the military-industrial complex in the field of cooperation with India have long been under unilateral sanctions from the United States, primarily.
And the expansion of restrictions, which was caused by the situation in Ukraine, does not fundamentally change anything.
As for the deliveries of the S-400 systems, they are going according to plan, and the restrictions that are additionally imposed on us now will not affect the supply and completion of this contract in any way, "Russian Ambassador to India Denis Alipov said.
To further strengthen trade cooperation, the parties are considering the possibility of abandoning mutual settlements from the dollar and the euro and switching to rubles, rupees, and yuan.
Payments directly in national currencies were practiced by the USSR and India from the 1970s to 1992 in the conditions of the cold war and anti-Soviet sanctions of the United States.
On March 15, Indian Foreign Minister Subramanyam Jaishankar, speaking before the upper house of parliament (Rajya Sabha), stressed that the position of the state on the Ukrainian conflict is unchanged and consistent: it calls for the immediate cessation of all hostilities and considers dialogue the only possible way to achieve peace.
“India understands not only the objectives of the operation itself, but also the origins of the security situation in Europe, all the circumstances of Russian-Ukrainian relations in recent years and decades.
This is one of the reasons that India is now taking a fairly balanced position in relation to the aggravation, ” Alipov said.
India needs a strong Russia that will help maintain the balance of power in Asia, Vox explains.
The rest of Asia
The determination not to succumb to Western pressure in the situation with the Ukrainian events was shown not only by such political and economic giants as China and India, but also by smaller countries of the Asian region.
Japanese media were surprised to find that the vast majority of ASEAN member states are neutral on the Ukrainian issue, and some even understand Russia ’ s actions.
The authorities of Myanmar do not consider the special operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine as an aggression.
The official representative of the military authorities of Myanmar, General Zo Min Tun, said that Moscow has rightly put forward demands to ensure its own security - the US approach to the Russian borders can be considered as an attempt to undermine the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, and Ukraine acts exclusively in the interests of the bloc of Western countries.
Vietnam and Laos abstained in the UN vote on the anti-Russian resolution of the West.
Both of these countries, which have close ties with Russia in the field of supplies of military equipment and survived the horrors of war, do not want to arrange a political siege against Moscow.
The online edition of the Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce and Industry published an official position on the Ukrainian issue: “Ukraine first betrayed a close country to Russia in favor of its older brother (USA – ed.), but when the trouble happened, no one helped her.
Ukrainians once had the opportunity to choose and determine the direction of national development.
Unfortunately, they have made mistake after mistake, leaving the sovereignty and national security of their country in the hands of the collective West.
Indonesia and Thailand, the largest ASEAN players in terms of population and economic potential, also decided to take a neutral position, which in November 2022 will become the organizers of the G20 summit and the summit of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), respectively, and Russia is a member of both these integration associations.
On March 3, ASEAN issued a statement of deep concern about the situation in Ukraine, not a word about Russia in the text at all, not to mention any criticism against it for the current situation.
The only member of the Association who made tough anti-Russian statements is Singapore, which greatly surprised the partners.
“For Singapore, the Russian special operation in Ukraine is not tangible at all.
Today, Singapore has no security problems.
However, there is fear that if one country is allowed to “bare ” its fangs and attack another, it could lead to a threat to Singapore ’ s security in the future.
Of course, this is primarily referring to China ’ s ambitious aspirations.
Villahari Koshikan, a former senior Singaporean diplomat, said: “There are still many people in Malaysia who still call Singapore a ‘ lost island ’.
Such an unpleasant prospect, in addition to the general orientation towards the United States and the West, pushes Singapore to conduct a line on the situation in Ukraine that generally falls out of the ASEAN general chorus, ” explains the Japanese newspaper Sankei Shimbun.
In general, the pro-Russian position on the special operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine was not only officials, but also users of social networks of the south-eastern countries.
The Indian edition of India Narrative identifies two interrelated factors that led to this picture:
1.
the traditional tendency towards non - interference in the internal affairs of other countries and neutrality towards distant States;
2.
the geopolitical consequences of military action and the attendant concern caused by the sense of insecurity of small countries from large neighbors who pursue their foreign and defense policies based on fabricated history.
Russia will not take the initiative in establishing relations with the West, said Sergey Lavrov.
Russia has long had no hope for the West, but the light has not converged on it.
Russia after the Crimean events increased the pace and scale of cooperation with other regions of the world, and very effectively, as shown by the study of the international audit and consulting network FinExpertiza: the trade turnover of Russia with countries that did not support Western sanctions, amounted to about 46% in 2021.
“Russia has many reliable partners not only in the post-Soviet space, but also in China, Southeast Asia, and African countries.
This is a huge, promising market, while not torn apart by such contradictions as in Europe.
The fruits of this partnership and cooperation are more than obvious, ” Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev wrote in the Telegram channel.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

Western sanctions have eroded Russia's defense production, impacting India-Russia cooperation as India relies heavily on Russian equipment.

Title:

Content: India’s Long Infatuation with Russia Must End

Seven months after China and Russia announced their "no limits" partnership, the two countries seem closer than ever. In the face of growing Chinese belligerence, this augurs ill for India, which should urgently reconsider its long-standing diplomatic and strategic dependence on a weakening Russia.

NEW DELHI – During a parliamentary debate in April, I expressed my concerns about India’s relationship with Russia. My words were met with grim-faced silence. But the events of the last five months have only strengthened my case.

The debate was on the Ukraine war. While deploring India’s reluctance to call a Russian shovel a spade, I acknowledged that India has historically depended on the Kremlin for defense supplies and spare parts, and appreciated Russia’s long-standing support on vital issues like Kashmir and border tensions with China and Pakistan. But the Ukraine war and Western sanctions had weakened Russia considerably, I noted. The ban on semiconductor chips, for example, had significantly eroded its ability to produce advanced electronics and defense goods that form the basis of India’s dependence.

Worse still, I argued, the war had highlighted and reinforced Russia’s reliance on China as its principal global partner – a relationship that would intensify as Russia grew weaker. India could then scarcely depend on the Kremlin to counter Chinese aggression, exemplified by the People’s Liberation Army’s territorial encroachments and killing of 20 Indian soldiers in June 2020.

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How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

India buys over 60% of its weapons from Russia, maintaining long-term relations with the country.

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Content: ...
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India between Russia and America
I'm sorry.
The Merciful
Posted in: Last Updated:
As a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, India abstained last week to condemn Russia, the largest and most capable country in Europe and Asia, for its military operation in Ukraine.
Western countries voted in the Security Council to demand that Russia stop its operation in Ukraine and withdraw its troops immediately, but Russia responded by vetoing a council resolution.
The reason for India's abstention was that it believed that non-alignment on this issue was in its national interests, while siding with one side meant harassing the other in a situation where both the United States and Russia were important to India and its national interests.
Abstaining in the Security Council has thus allowed India to avoid taking sides and being dragged into a crisis in distant places.
The challenge for India, which has no direct interests in Ukraine apart from evacuating its mostly student citizens there, is to make sure there is no reaction to the crisis on its relations with Russia, a key defense partner, or with the United States, which is crucial to addressing growing problems with China in the region.
The Ukraine crisis also comes at a time when India is in the process of acquiring five S-400 Triumph air defense missile systems from Russia and needs an exception from the United States, which has already sanctioned Turkey under the Countering America ’ s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) for possessing the same S-400 missiles from Russia.
Moscow has already begun delivering missiles to New Delhi, which is seen as an important element of defence readiness for India, which has an unstable border with both Pakistan and China.
Russia and India have been allies since the Cold War, and defense cooperation has long been a cornerstone of their relationship.
India has sought to diversify its defense purchases outside of Russia, from countries such as Israel, the United States and others.
But more than 60 percent of India ’ s weapons continue to come from Russia, which means India needs to continue to get spare parts from Moscow.
There is no doubt that the relationship between India and Russia has come under strain, as New Delhi has become closer to Washington, amid mutual concerns over a range of issues, including the rise of China.
Their relationship has deepened over the past decade and they are now partners, along with Japan and Australia, in the Quadripartite Security Forum.
Russia, in turn, has become closer to China and Pakistan even as its relations with the United States and the West deteriorate.
But developments in Afghanistan, where the withdrawal of U.S. troops has brought the Taliban back to power, have led to New Delhi ’ s increased political engagement with Moscow as India seeks access to Central Asia.
There is no doubt that India is trying to maintain a delicate balance between Russia and the United States, taking sides in the Ukraine conflict will only lead to problems for India, especially since it has no direct interests in Ukraine.
There have also been reports that Russia has quietly worked behind the scenes to defuse tensions between India and China following the 2020 border clashes.
As a result, Prime Minister Narendra Modi was among the few world leaders to have spoken by phone with President Vladimir Putin in the midst of the Ukraine crisis.
Modi appealed to President Putin for an immediate halt to military actions and “called on all parties to return to diplomatic negotiations and dialogue. ”
At the same time, Modi also spoke to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and expressed “readiness to contribute in any way to the peace efforts. ”
For India, the sooner this crisis is resolved, the better, especially because of its fears that the focus of the United States and its other allies may shift from the Indo-Pacific and the China Sea to a crisis in Europe over the dispute over Ukraine ’ s accession to NATO.
It is clear, however, that the United States and its NATO allies will avoid indulging in a direct armed conflict in Ukraine.
While the EU has imposed some sanctions, including closing airspace to Russian aircraft, New Delhi ’ s biggest concern is that it will not get an exemption from Washington over the Triumph missile system and that tougher economic sanctions could lead to a spike in oil prices.
Although the Russian and Ukrainian delegates have agreed to meet to discuss and resolve the conflict, an early resolution of the crisis seems elusive.
It is clear that Moscow is determined to create a demilitarized buffer zone between Russia and NATO member states.
But there is no doubt that a peaceful solution is the best way forward to end a crisis of this magnitude.
* Chairman of the Centre for Islamic Studies, New Delhi
Quote from "The Union"
Disclaimer: All published articles represent the opinion of their authors only.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

security & military
weapons supply
commerce

India and Russia are collaborating to resolve equipment maintenance issues and maintain defense cooperation despite Ukraine conflict challenges.

Title:

Content: Day 2: India forges ahead: Strengthening Defence Ties Amidst Challenges with Russian-Origin Equipment

The Working Group Meeting between India and Russia aims to foster stronger defence ties between the two countries.

Amidst ongoing challenges with Russian-origin defence equipment, India is actively working on enhancing its military cooperation with key nations. As part of this effort, the third Meeting of the Indian-Russian Intergovernmental Commission on Military and Military Technical Cooperation (IRIGC-M&MTC) is going on in New Delhi. On day one of the two day the meeting, chaired by Lt Gen Johnson P Mathew from the Indian side and Lt Gen Dylevskii Igor Nikolaevich from the Russian side, focused on addressing issues related to spare parts and maintenance of the Russian equipment utilized by the Indian armed forces.

The Working Group Meeting between India and Russia aims to foster stronger defence ties between the two countries. This strategic dialogue assumes added significance with India’s increasing dependence on Russian defence equipment, ranging from Sukhoi fighter jets to tanks and naval assets. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has impacted military supplies to India, raising concerns over payment mechanisms and delays in deliveries. However, the Russian defence industry’s resilience and focus on production of various defence items have shown positive signs, ensuring continued support to India’s armed forces.

In the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, India has consistently advocated for dialogue and diplomacy to resolve the crisis. Despite the challenges, India has strengthened its trade ties with Moscow and remains committed to enhancing defence cooperation. To achieve this goal, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has undertaken two successful visits to prominent nations, the United States and France, where key defence deals were announced.

The meeting is taking place close on the heels of the recently concluded visits of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the US and France. During his visit to the United States, PM Modi reaffirmed the strategic partnership between India and the US. Both nations inked significant defence deals aimed at bolstering India’s defence capabilities and strengthening military ties. Similarly, in Paris PM Modi engaged in fruitful discussions, resulting in important defence agreements that will pave the way for enhanced cooperation between the two countries’ armed forces.

India’s commitment to bolstering its defence capabilities and cooperation remains unwavering, even amidst challenges with Russian-origin equipment. The recent Working Group Meeting with Russia reflects the nation’s determination to find solutions collaboratively.

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First published on: 19-07-2023 at 11:02 IST
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Content: US-India 2 + 2 Dialogue Agrees to Deepen Defense Partnership
Text / Central News Agency
2022-04-12 15: 11: 14
India and the United States foreign and defense ministers held a 2 + 2 ministerial dialogue in Washington earlier, according to a joint statement after the meeting, the two countries are willing to deepen the defense partnership and participate in each other's defense supply chain.
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Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar and Defense Minister Rajnath Singh arrived in Washington, D.C. on the afternoon of the 11th, and held the 4th India-U.S. 2 + 2 Ministerial Dialogue with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin.
In a joint statement issued by India ’ s Foreign Ministry, they reviewed the two countries ’ efforts to respond to the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine and assessed the impact of the war on the border.
The Joint Declaration called for an immediate end to the fighting and condemned the deaths of civilians; it did not name any country, but was a clear reference to the killing of civilians by Russia in its aggression against Ukraine.
Russian troops invaded Ukraine on February 24, causing more than 4.5 million Ukrainians to flee the fighting abroad and at least 7 million internally displaced.
On defense and security issues, India and the United States reaffirmed their readiness to deepen an advanced and comprehensive defense partnership to facilitate close cooperation between the two militaries in all areas, especially in new areas such as space, artificial intelligence and cyber.
According to the joint statement, the two countries will hold the first Defense Space Dialogue, the AI Dialogue and the second Defense Cyber Dialogue this year.
The two countries also agreed to strengthen the exchange of real-time information, saying that the arrangement of liaison officers in each other's forces would help integrate cooperation between the various services.
At a time when India is highly dependent on Russia for the sale of military equipment and the provision of military technology, the four ministers said they are exploring ways to further participate in each other ’ s defense supply chain and jointly manufacture and develop advanced systems.
They reaffirmed their commitment to the “freedom and openness ” of the Indo-Pacific, stressing that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations must be respected and that no nation should be subjected to military, economic or political intimidation.
The Indian government adheres to the "one China policy", so Taiwan will hardly appear in the statement or press release of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
But an Indian diplomat has previously told the Central News Agency that the Indo-Pacific includes the Taiwan Strait.
In addition, the foreign and defense ministers of the two countries also discussed cooperation in the fields of economy and trade, climate change, clean energy, health, counter-terrorism and anti-drug, education and people-to-people exchanges.
The United States has a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with India and is a member of the Quad Security Dialogue.
However, because of its close relationship with Russia, India has not participated in sanctions against Russia so far and continues to buy oil from Russia.
At a joint press conference after the meeting, Blinken said he understood that every country has different circumstances and needs, but the United States still hopes that all allies and partners will not "buy" Russian energy.
Mr Sujson said India may not buy as much energy from Russia in a month as European countries buy from Russia in an afternoon.
He also told reporters at the scene that India ’ s position in the Ukraine crisis is against the conflict and supports dialogue and diplomatic solutions, reiterating that India is willing to contribute to this.
(Editor: Guo Zhonghan) 1110412
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How has Russia/ India trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

rupee-ruble payments were introduced to avoid western sanctions on Russia

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

The Ukraine conflict has prompted India to diversify its defense partnerships, strengthening ties with the US and other Western countries while maintaining relations with Russia.

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Fifth India -US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue held in New Delhi

The fifth India-US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue was held in New Delhi on November 10, 2023. Minister of Defense Rajnath Singh and Minister of External Affairs Dr. S. Jaishankar welcomed Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III.

Jaishankar said that the  agenda covered advancing our strategic partnership, including elevating our defense ties,  moving forward in space & tech, future logistics cooperation and people to people contacts. The Ministers also exchanged perspectives on the Indo-Pacific, South Asia, West Asia and Ukraine conflict. The Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to our collaboration in multilateral arena and engaging the Global South.

According to the joint statement issued after the dialogue,  “ The Ministers noted the substantial progress in transforming U.S.-India relations across domains, based on trust and mutual understanding.  Building upon the June 2023 and September 2023 visits of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and President Joseph Biden, the Ministers reaffirmed the importance of the U.S.-India Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership in ensuring international peace and security.  The Ministers also underlined their strong commitment to safeguarding a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific through mechanisms like the Quad.”.

The Ministers discussed developments in the Indo-Pacific, Middle East, Ukraine among other regions.  The ministers expressed mutual deep concern over the war in Ukraine and its tragic humanitarian consequences.  They again underscored the growing impacts of this war on the global economic system and food security, with consequences predominantly affecting the global South.  Both countries further pledged to continue humanitarian assistance to the people of Ukraine and concurred on the need for post-conflict reconstruction in Ukraine.

Strengthening of the defence partnership was a key agenda discussed at the dialogue. The Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to further deepen the multifaceted defense partnership through wide-ranging dialogues and military exercises of increasing complexity and sophistication, accelerated joint projects initiated under the June 2023 Roadmap for U.S.-India Defense Industrial Cooperation and expanded collaboration in emerging domains, such as space and artificial intelligence.  They expressed satisfaction with the pace of cooperation in Maritime Domain Awareness and looked forward to identifying pathways to promote stronger service-to-service ties and share technologies to address an array of maritime challenges, including in the undersea domain. The Ministers reaffirmed the Roadmap for Defense Industrial Cooperation as a catalyst for strengthening India’s capabilities, enhancing its indigenous defense production, facilitating technology-sharing, and promoting supply chain resilience.

The Ministers unequivocally condemned terrorism and violent extremism, and the use of terrorist proxies and logistical, financial or military support to terrorist organizations, which could be used to launch or plan terrorist attacks, including international attacks. The United States and India reiterated their condemnation of the 26/11 Mumbai attack and the Pathankot attack and called for bringing the perpetrators of these attacks to justice.  The Ministers also called for concerted action against all terrorists, including through designations of individuals affiliated with groups that are listed by the UN Security Council 1267 Sanctions Committee, such as Al-Qa’ida, ISIS/Daesh, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, and Jaish-e-Mohammed.

https://twitter.com/DrSJaishankar/status/1722911714205905162/photo/1

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How did India react to the war between Russia and Ukraine?

India did not join the Western sanctions against Russia

India did not directly oppose Russia's actions

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

India and Russia are maintaining cooperation on defense despite Ukraine conflict challenges.

Title:

Content: World News
Asia Pacific Reforms Its Defense Policy
• 1 / 2
• 2 / 2
After the arrival of two cargo ships at a Ukrainian port after Russia withdrew from the grain agreement, Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister Oleksandr Kubrakov said Kiev will deliver about 20,000 tons of wheat to countries in Africa and Asia, while the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and its military repercussions on the Asia-Pacific region continues. The Asia-Pacific region, and the impact of parallel concerns over the regional security environment seen as deteriorating.
Governments across the Asia-Pacific region are reshaping their defence policies.
The first dimension.
The analysis suggests that the absolute reality of large-scale and protracted inter-state war in Europe (where this was largely unexpected) provides some Asia-Pacific governments with additional reasons, or at least justifications, to increase their military forces, and make efforts to deter or provide better defense against pre-existing threats in their region.
The most likely hotbeds of tension are seen in Taiwan, the South and East China Sea and the Korean Peninsula.
The first national security strategy appeared in Tokyo, announced in December 2022, because the most immediate threats to Japan come from China and North Korea.
However, she said Russia ’ s attack on Ukraine showed that the international community faced “serious challenges ” and that Japan needed to take“ independent and coherent ” actions.
Japan plans to increase its spending on defense and other national security-related initiatives to 2% of GDP by 2027, an increase of 60% compared to the previous five years, according to the National Security Strategy.
External support
The war in Ukraine also demonstrated the importance of external support and national defense industrial capacity, which clearly influenced the thinking of these matters among defense institutions in the Asia-Pacific region.
Again, the analysis states that it is difficult to separate the impact of war from concerns about the regional security environment.
Since 2022, this has facilitated the strengthening of the United States ’ defense relations with its most important regional allies and partners, not only Australia, Japan and South Korea, but also Taiwan and the Philippines, both of which enjoy good relations with Washington.
At the same time, as the war in Ukraine continues through 2022-2023, it is clear that some defense institutions in the region have focused more clearly on the possible practical effects of a long war in their own cases.
Reflecting on the vulnerability of Australia ’ s supply lines is said to have prompted the authors of the Strategic Defence Review to pay a great deal of attention to the question of how to support the country ’ s armed forces in any future conflict.
Australia needs to rapidly increase its efforts to establish a domestic manufacturing capacity for guided weapons and explosive ordnance.
Tokyo ’ s new strategy stressed the urgent need to ensure that the SDF has “combat sustainability ” in the form of an enhanced production capacity for“ high-priority munitions, ” as well as an adequate stockpile of ammunition, spare parts and fuel.
Modern weapons
With regard to the success of the widely publicized use of modern anti-armor, anti-aircraft and anti-ship weapons, as well as unmanned air and sea systems and precision-guided multiple missile launch systems in the war in Ukraine, the analysis explains that the relevant operational lessons of the armed forces in the Asia-Pacific region, the implications for the types of capabilities that need to be enhanced, have all been demonstrated by the war in Ukraine. Proper use of platforms such as the use of main battle tanks as components for well-organized and managed joint weapons operations may at least avoid some of the advantages of defensive weapons.
Similarly, offensive air power – largely neutralized over Ukraine whether operated by the Russian or Ukrainian air forces – may be more effective if it includes capabilities to suppress opposing air defenses.
Unmanned surface ships used by Ukraine against Russian warships may be subject to electronic countermeasures, whether operated by the Russian or Ukrainian air forces, and could be more effective if they include capabilities to suppress opposing air defenses.
Equipment Trading
The analysis shows the impact of the Ukrainian conflict on defense equipment trade to the Asia-Pacific region, and that its impact on Russian arms supplies is a critical issue for some national defense institutions in the region.
The Chinese case is a special one, as the war has led to extensive bilateral cooperation with Russia in the field of military technology and equipment.
Since then, tougher sanctions, led by the West, on Russia ’ s defense industry have encouraged other Asian countries – namely India, Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Vietnam – to reduce their armed forces ’ dependence on Russian arms imports.
In the medium term, the difficulty or even impossibility of ensuring supplies of Russian spare parts will likely mean that some of the equipment supplied by Moscow will retire prematurely.
In some cases, this may lead to additional purchases from non-Russian sources, and the national defense industries of the countries involved.
The Russo-Ukrainian War
Regional threat perceptions are the main driver of ongoing military build-up in the Asia-Pacific region.
The fallout from the war in Ukraine combined with current region-specific concerns to highlight the current trend in the Asia-Pacific region toward increased defense spending.
It encouraged regional states to reconsider the sustainability of their armed forces, as well as operational doctrine and equipment stockpiles.
The longer the war drags on, the deeper it will affect the development and capabilities of the Asia-Pacific armed forces.
This was the details of the news of Asia Pacific reshaping its defense policy for today we hope that we have succeeded by giving you the details and full information and to follow all our news you can subscribe to the alerts system or one of our different systems to provide you with all the new.
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How did India react to the war between Russia and Ukraine?

India did not join the Western sanctions against Russia

India did not directly oppose Russia's actions

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

India and Russia jointly produce the BrahMos cruise missile system through Brahmos Aerospace.

Title:

Content: Under pressure, will India abandon Russia?
Author: External Submission
Published: Updated:
Recently, Sameer Lalwani, a senior expert at the Asia Center of the American Institute of Peace, and Happymon Jacob, an associate professor of diplomacy and disarmament at Nehru University, wrote that in the short and medium term, the foundation of Russian-Indian relations is still very solid, and in the long term, Indian-Russian relations are on a long-term downward trend, from partnership to trading. "Change".
Following the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in February 2022, major democracies have come together to defend Ukraine by condemning Russia ’ s military actions.
But India did not join in, opting instead to abstain in a key UN vote and refusing to condemn its longtime partner, Russia.
Many countries expressed disappointment with India's stance on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.
However, some observers believe that India has shown signs of considering a rupture with Russia, and India may change its previous neutral course. In September 2022, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said in a conversation with Russian President Vladimir Putin that “today ’ s era is not an era of war ”, a phrase that seemed to warn Russia, as U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken called Modi ’ s stance“ significant. ”
American political scientist Happymon Jacob also wrote that the Indian government is weakening its “long-term partnership ” with Russia and is committed to closer cooperation with the United States.
Based on the interpretation of these events, India needs to strengthen its cooperation with the West and is alienating Russia.
However, the view that "India and Russia will part ways" is too "taken for granted" and does not reflect realistic possibilities.
It is true that in the context of Russia ’ s growing economic dependence on China and its provision of unreliable weapons to India, India should theoretically move away from Russia and promote diversification of partnerships, but this is not realistic or feasible.
The United States, the first Western country to win over India on a number of issues, turned a blind eye to the human rights dispute.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Joe Biden at last year ’ s G20 summit. (Reuters)
In fact, India is not ready to give up the India-Russia partnership, and in November 2022, Indian Foreign Minister Sujishin visited Russia, stressing that the relationship between the two countries is “strong and stable. ”
For this reason, US policymakers still need to make policy plans around the reality of a lasting India-Russia relationship, but they should also make India realize that Russia is a burden; the United States cannot punish and sanction India because of the close India-Russia relationship.
Because for the United States, India can play a more prominent and more active role in the Indo-Pacific region.
The False Dawn
Analysts have concluded that India is trying to distance itself from Russia based on what Indian officials say, including Modi ’ s verbal confrontation with Putin in September 2022, a vote against Russia at the United Nations, and the cancellation of a multi-billion dollar Russian weapons procurement program (fighters and helicopters).
However, these developments do not mean that India has explicitly chosen to stay away from Russia.
The Washington Post called Modi ’ s September 2022 statement to Putin a “rebuke. ”
But in fact, Modi ’ s statement was not intended primarily to address the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, but to express concern about rising food and energy prices.
Several assessment reports issued in India have warned against over-reading Modi ’ s remarks, which are no different from the official position of India in the past that the war has inflicted great trauma on developing countries.
It is undeniable that India has indeed sided with the West in some of the UN ’ s procedural votes, such as allowing Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky to speak at the UN General Assembly in September 2022.
But in more substantive votes, such as the October 2022 vote on four regions of Russia ’ s military campaign in Ukraine, India abstained.
In addition, in early 2022, India cancelled several agreements to purchase Russian weapons (such as the MiG-29 fighter).
But the decision has little to do with the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and is more about promoting domestic arms production and supporting India ’ s “self-reliance ” program.
A few months before the Russian-Ukrainian conflict erupted, the Indian government had planned to cancel these deals, including the purchase of Boeing P-8I aircraft from the United States, in favor of domestically produced weapons.
But India will still buy major weapons such as S-400 air defense systems, stealth frigates and nuclear submarines from Russia, which means India will be tied to Russia for decades to come.
In fact, India cannot really break with Russia, because Russian-made weapons account for a large share of India ’ s arsenal, and Russia still plays a significant role in India ’ s geopolitical considerations, so most of India ’ s political elite still prefer friendly Indian-Russian relations.
India can ’ t really break with Russia because Russian-made weapons make up the bulk of India ’ s arsenal and most of India ’ s political elite still prefer friendly India-Russia relations.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
(Reuters)
(2) Patience and persistence
India has long regarded Russia as a valued partner in its “multidirectional alliance ” strategy.
Within the framework of this strategy, India wants to maintain a constructive strategic partnership with several major powers at the same time, but refuses to form an exclusive alliance with any major powers.
India ’ s leaders believe that the “multidirectional alliance ” strategy is still valid today because Western analysts have misjudged Russia in several important ways.
The authors ’ study found that despite strong Western sanctions against Russia, Indian national security officials still believe in Russia ’ s endurance and durability.
They expect Europe to struggle under pressure from inflation and energy shortages, while Russia ’ s economy will be boosted by rising commodity prices.
After all, Indian companies are investing in Russian energy projects, such as oil and gas extraction projects in Sakhalin, Russia ’ s Far East.
In addition, India has doubled its investment in future India-Russia cooperation in defense technology research and development (including the development of the Brahmos cruise missile).
The leaders also believe that the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is likely to turn into a military stalemate that will culminate in a negotiated cease-fire and that Russia will eventually be allowed to reintegrate into the international community.
Indian policymakers also believe that Russia will remain an important geopolitical force that will help India.
India relies on Russia for missile technology, submarine nuclear reactors, and hypersonic weapons, and Russia can still provide diplomatic support to India in the United Nations Security Council, which can exert influence on India ’ s other continental neighbors.
In addition, with the Russian regime in turmoil, Indian officials want to be able to extract more benefits from their dealings with the Russian government, just as India did at the beginning of the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the two countries established the Brahmos Aerospace Joint Venture.
As India continues to maintain friendly relations with its old partner Russia, the West is hesitant to punish India.
Some observers believe that India will downplay the India-Russia relationship as Russia becomes closer to China and even more dependent on China.
But unlike Western officials, Indian officials do not believe that tough sanctions will force Russia into China ’ s arms, because there is no shortage of friction between China and Russia over Central Asia and the Arctic.
In the eyes of Indian policymakers, India can become a "wedge" between Russia and China, helping Russia retain some autonomy in Sino-Russian relations, and avoiding Russia becoming a "small follower" of China.
On September 15, 2022, Chinese President Xi Jinping held a bilateral meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Samarkand State Guesthouse to exchange views on China-Russia relations and international and regional issues of common concern. (Xinhua)
Third, get on with it.
Much of the Indian military ’ s combat and strike equipment is dependent on Russia.
The Russian-Ukrainian conflict has limited and delayed India ’ s process of acquiring spare parts and equipment upgrades, thus creating a “supply shock ” to India ’ s main Russian-made weapons arsenal.
While India remains concerned about the performance of Russian-made weapons and Russia ’ s ability to provide spare parts, it has not taken any hard measures to curtail the use of Russian materials or to purchase substitutes to accelerate the diversification of military equipment imports.
All in all, India has no plans to achieve a rapid and comprehensive transformation of its Russian-made weapons systems by bringing in other foreign suppliers. After the border crises of 2019 and 2020, there has been some peace and stability in the border area, and Indian strategists believe that India should maintain a low level of operational readiness for the next few years, even if that means increased vulnerability.
In the short to medium term, India plans to keep up with its existing inventory, while at the same time sourcing from the secondary market for Russian components and relying more on domestic military equipment.
India will continue to work with Russia to meet outstanding delivery commitments and selectively sign contracts with the West to support the development of India ’ s indigenous defence industry.
In the long run, India wants to be largely self-sufficient in terms of defense needs and no longer rely on external suppliers.
While India aims to diversify its arsenal and become self-sufficient within the next 20 years, it still needs some key technical support from Russia.
Su-30 fighters will remain the backbone of the IAF for decades, but they cannot be maintained or upgraded without Russian technical support.
India ’ s most important defense export, the BrahMos anti-ship cruise missile, currently sold mainly to Southeast Asian countries to deter China, uses Russian propulsion technology.
As long as Russia is in control of key elements of India ’ s advanced weapons systems, especially fighter jets, cruise missiles and submarines, Russia has considerable influence over India.
Much of the Indian military ’ s combat and strike equipment is dependent on Russia.
Su-30 fighters will remain the backbone of the IAF for decades. (Getty)
The First Friend of India
In addition to the above material considerations, the common ideological orientation has also driven India and Russia to maintain friendly relations.
Both Indian and Russian officials support the “polycentric ” vision of a global order in which there is no single dominant hegemony and each major power maintains its own sphere of influence.
Both India and Russia believe that a “multicentre ” is more stable than an international order governed by one or two superpowers.
India ’ s political elite also maintains a “sense of closeness ” to Russia, which stems from India ’ s decades-long tradition of cooperation with the former Soviet Union.
Two months after the conflict broke out, Yoga Jyotsna, an Indian scholar, said that “Russia is India ’ s number one friend in the eyes of the military and people of insight. ”
According to Rajeswari Rajagopalan, another Indian scholar,
Strategic sympathy for Soviet Russia was widespread not only among Indian politicians, but also among the general Indian population.
This is because Russia ’ s historical support and assistance to India has been “romanticized. ”
Although Indian diplomatic agencies have not helped Russia in its defense, national security officials believe that multiple actors, including NATO, should be held responsible for the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and not all blame should be placed on the Russian side.
A September 2022 survey of more than 1,000 Indian adults found that Indians believe the West and Russia are equally responsible for the Russia-Ukraine conflict. (Reuters)
The Indian public is also sympathetic to Russia. A July 2022 poll found that a majority of Indians refuse to describe Russia ’ s military actions in Ukraine as “wrong. ” A September 2022 survey of more than 1,000 Indian adults found that Indians believe that the West and Russia are equally responsible for the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and most Indians do not believe that a Russian victory will make the world more dangerous.
Public attitudes in India are not only very different from those in Europe, Australia and Japan, but also in emerging countries such as Brazil and South Africa.
Read the second half of the article.
This article was first published in the South Asia Research Newsletter. It only represents the author 's opinion and does not represent Hong Kong' s position.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

India is purchasing Russia's S-400 air defense system despite US opposition.

How did India react to the war between Russia and Ukraine?

India did not join the Western sanctions against Russia

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

India and Russia have signed a contract to produce 600,000 Kalashnikov rifles in India with full technology transfer in seven years.

Title:

Content: BREAKING NEWS

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Updated on: Sunday, December 05, 2021, 10:31 PM IST

India, Russia to ink Rs 5,100 crore deal for production AK-203 assault rifles during Putin visit

The two sides were also discussing the conclusion of the Igla air defence system deal but that is not likely to be signed during this visit, sources said.
ANI

AK-203 assaults rifle | Photo: Representative Image

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During the visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to India on Monday, the two countries would be inking the major deal worth over Rs 5,100 crore for producing AK-203 assault rifles within the country.

The Russian President during his one-day visit is also scheduled to hand over the model of an S-400 air defence system to Prime Minister Narendra Modi as a symbol of delivery of the weapon system to India, sources told ANI here. The main attraction of the visit would be the finalisation of the AK-203 assault rifle deal which would be produced in Amethi, Uttar Pradesh.

The production of the over five lakh rifles by the India-Russia joint venture company would see a complete transfer of technology within seven years of signing the contract.

The two sides were also discussing the conclusion of the Igla air defence system deal but that is not likely to be signed during this visit, sources said.

The deal had been agreed upon between the two sides a few years ago and now the last major issue would be resolving the issues on the transfer of technology, they said.

Of the 7.5 lakh rifles to be acquired by the Indian Army, the first 70,000 will include Russian-made components as the transfer of technology happens slowly. These will be delivered to the army 32 months after the production process begins.

(To receive our E-paper on whatsapp daily, please click here. We permit sharing of the paper's PDF on WhatsApp and other social media platforms.)

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Published on: Sunday, December 05, 2021, 10:31 PM IST
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply
commerce

Russia and India plan to produce Igla-S air defense systems and other military equipment in India.

Title:

Content: Paying bloggers
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The 3VBM17 shot with the 3BM42 Mango armor-piercing subcaliber projectile effectively strikes modern tanks equipped with composite armor.
Moscow and New Delhi have a long friendship and fruitful joint work in the defense sector, as well as licensed production of weapons and ammunition in India.
Indian Army T-90 tanks move during the Sudarshan Shakti exercise in Bugundi in the Barmer Desert of Rajasthan near India's border with Pakistan, India, Monday, December 5, 2011.
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Rosoboronexport, part of the Russian defense corporation Rostec, has begun production of armor-piercing Mango tank ammunition in India, the corporation said in a statement released on Thursday.
This cooperation is carried out in accordance with the Indian initiatives Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan.
Rosoboronexport, together with the Indian defense conglomerate, prepared key production lines for launch.
"Another important stage of Russian-Indian cooperation has been completed, which meets the requirements of the" Make in India "and" Self-sufficient India "initiatives.
Based on the Indian defense infrastructure, Rosoboronexport created the necessary production facilities for the production of Mango tank ammunition.
This allows India to start mastering the transferred technology and organize production, "Rosoboronexport CEO Alexander Mikheev said.
“The work of Rosoboronexport in India is a vivid example of a comprehensive industrial partnership, within the framework of which joint projects have been developed for all branches of the armed forces with a degree of cooperation between the enterprises of the two states that is unique for the world market, ” Mikheev said.
In turn, the head of Rostec Sergey Chemezov noted that the degree of localization of Russian production of ammunition in India in the future will grow.
Rostec has considerable experience in industrial partnership with friendly states.
Many projects include technology transfer and exchange of experience.
This partnership allows the importing country to develop its own production, which is a competitive advantage for Rostec as a leading supplier of defense solutions.
We intend to implement several such projects with India, "Chemezov said.
Among them is the licensed production of T-90 tanks, subcaliber armor-piercing shells "Mango" and other modern weapons systems.
The 3VBM17 shot with the 3BM42 Mango armor-piercing subcaliber projectile effectively strikes modern tanks equipped with composite armor.
The head of Rostec added that in the future, in order to ensure the highest degree of localization of the production of Mango shells, the company plans to launch the production of gunpowder in India.
In addition, the Russian company intends to increase the potential of the Indian armed forces on the basis of the defense holding of India.
Shooting from the Igla man-portable air defense missile system / Photo courtesy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
This is not the first time that Russia and India have worked together on the production of military equipment in the largest democratic country in the world.
Last year, Moscow and Delhi signed an agreement on the production of Igla-S man-portable air defense systems in India, according to Indian journalist Pavan Atri.
The Igla-S systems are intended to be used in the newly created air defense units of the Indian Armed Forces for use in mountainous areas at high altitudes.
According to Indian media, one regiment is already equipped with these Russian systems.
It is expected that as the supply continues, they will receive other compounds of Indian air defense.
This batch is part of a larger contract under which the rest of the systems will be manufactured in India.
The purchase of these systems is aimed at strengthening the short-range air defense capabilities of the Indian army, primarily in high-altitude areas along the northern borders.
Man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS), which include the "Igla-S", are used by the air defense units of the Indian Armed Forces to defeat low-altitude air threats, including aircraft, drones and missiles.
They are especially effective in difficult terrain.
Currently, the Indian army is armed with systems "Igla-1M", which urgently need to be replaced due to obsolescence.
The contract for the production of the Igla-S MANPADS for India was concluded in November last year.
In total, New Delhi has ordered 120 launchers and 400 missiles.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

India and Russia have a strategic military technology partnership, with Russia providing India prompt access to defense technology.

Title:

Content: Lavrov: Russia ready to supply India with any weapons
© Sputnik.
Aleksey Nikolskiy / Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov during the Russian Security Council, Moscow, Russia February 21, 2022
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Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Russia is ready to supply India with any weapons it needs and continue cooperation in the military-technical field.
In an interview with India Today, Lavrov said: “In terms of defence, we can provide India with everything it wants.
In terms of technology transfer in the field of defense cooperation, in fact Russia ’ s cooperation with India is distinctive compared to other partners. ”
India Today announced the arrival of another batch of Russian S-400 air defense systems in India.
Citing a senior source, the newspaper said a batch of S-400 systems had arrived in India by air and sea.
It has been published in specific places.
The source added that India is receiving access without delay and hindrance.
India contracted to buy S-400 systems worth a total of $5.43 billion from Russia in October 2018.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

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What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

The two countries plan to cooperate on oil and satellite navigation to strengthen their partnership.

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Content: Russia / India / Political / Military
Modi Meets Putin, Putin Praises India as ‘ Strong and Reliable Ally ’
Russian President Vladimir Putin, who is visiting India, praised India as Moscow's "strong and reliable ally", Putin's visit focused on "energy" and "national defense", and the foreign ministers and defense ministers of the two sides held their first 2 + 2 meeting and signed a number of military cooperation agreements.
In a joint statement, the two sides reiterated their intention to strengthen defense cooperation and achieve the goal of 30 billion US dollars in bilateral trade by 2025.
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Indian diplomatic officials said on Monday that Russia had begun supplying India with S-400 long-range air defense systems.
During Putin's meeting with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the two sides also signed a 10-year military cooperation agreement and an oil cooperation agreement.
In a joint statement issued after the meeting, the two sides reiterated their intention to strengthen defense cooperation, including joint research and development and production of military equipment.
The two sides also stressed the need to achieve the goal of 30 billion U.S. dollars in bilateral trade by 2025, and to strengthen cooperation in energy and satellite navigation.
The two sides pointed out that it is necessary for the Eurasian Economic Union and India to start negotiations on a free trade agreement on goods.
Speaking to the media before his meeting with Modi, Putin said: "We consider India to be a big country, a friendly country and a security ally."
Putin ’ s visit to India is aimed at strengthening ties with India ’ s traditional allies, which are being eroded by the United States.
To counter China ’ s rise, the Quadripartite Security Dialogue (Quad), established by the United States with India, Japan and Australia, has drawn the attention of Beijing and Moscow.
During the Cold War, India had close ties with the Soviet Union, a relationship that continues to this day, described by New Delhi as a “special and privileged strategic partnership. ”
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with visiting Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday to discuss defense and trade relations between the two countries in an effort to strike a balance with the United States.
"There have been many fundamental changes and geopolitical elements in the world over the past few decades, but India's friendship with Russia remains the same," Modi said before meeting Putin.
India ’ s foreign ministry said the annual bilateral summit covered political and defense issues.
The two leaders also discussed the humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan caused by the takeover of the Afghan government by the Taliban earlier this year.
India and Russia have long had close ties, and both sides have set a goal of reaching $30 billion in bilateral trade by 2025.
Recently, however, India has drawn closer to the United States, believing that the United States is a key force against China.
India is also trying to manage its defense relations with Russia while strengthening its military ties with the United States, the sources said.
India, a major arms importer, relied heavily on the former Soviet Union for armaments during the Cold War, but now it is diversifying its procurement of arms, as well as buying US-made weapons.
During the period of former US President Trump, India signed more than $3 billion of arms purchase contracts with the United States, and the arms trade between the two countries has increased from zero in 2008 to $15 billion in 2019.
On the other hand, India's purchase of the Russian-made S-400 missile system to counter China has become a major problem in relations with the United States.
This sophisticated anti-missile system, once available, is expected to enable India to gain strategic deterrence power against China and Pakistan.
However, the United States has asked its partners not to purchase Russian-made armaments, or it may impose sanctions.
In addition, India and Russia held their first 2 + 2 meeting in New Delhi on Monday, where the two sides signed a number of cooperation agreements on "military and small arms".
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu arrived in New Delhi on Monday for a 2 + 2 meeting with Indian Foreign Minister Sujson and Defense Minister Manmohan Singh.
The 2 + 2 ministerial meeting was the first between India and Russia.
Singh tweeted after the meeting that discussions on defense cooperation between the two sides had been fruitful and that India cherished the "special strategic partnership" with Russia.
He added that the two sides have signed several agreements, contracts and protocols on small arms and military cooperation.
However, Singh and India ’ s Ministry of Defence have not issued a formal statement or press release disclosing details of the various agreements signed with Russia.
Indian media reported that one of the major agreements was the transfer of technology and local production of the Russian-made AK-203 assault rifle.
Under the agreement, India will produce more than 600,000 AK-203 assault rifles in India over the next 10 years through an Indian-Russian joint venture.
The report also said that another agreement is to extend the 10-year India-Russia military-technical cooperation agreement until 2031.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

India and Russia have extended their military-technical cooperation agreement until 2031.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

Russia's current arms export order book to India exceeds $10 billion.

Title:

Content: Russia will provide all the necessary countries interested in the production of weapons of the Russian sample
Director of the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSMTC) of the Russian Federation Dmitry Shugaev said that Russia is ready to provide all the necessary countries that are interested in the production of Russian weapons and military equipment on its territory.
According to him, despite the large share of exports, many foreign partners are eager to implement joint projects.
"This is primarily the joint development of high-tech PVN (military products. - '' Kommersant ''), the creation of joint ventures for the production of military products, the construction of service centers for the maintenance of delivered products, the implementation of mutually beneficial research and development work in relation to PVN," Dmitry Shugaev told reporters (quoted by TASS).
As an example, the head of the FSMTC pointed to India.
Within the framework of cooperation, the countries have implemented the Brahmos project, licensed production of T-90S tanks, Su-30MKI aircraft, aircraft engines, Mango tank shots, and construction of Project 11356P Burevestnik frigates is underway at Indian shipyards.
It is also planned to jointly produce Ka-226T helicopters and Igla-S man-portable air defense systems with India.
In February, Dmitry Shugaev said that for five years Russia ’ s arms exports to India amounted to $13 billion.
The order book is now more than $10 billion.
According to him, Russia ’ s partners in India, China and Southeast Asia are interested in acquiring the S-400 Triumph, the Wasp, Cube / Square, Pechora, Strela, Tunguska and Pantsir systems, Su-30 and MiG-29 fighters, Mi-17, Mi-24, Mi-35, Ka-28 and Mi-28 helicopters. Ka-31.
Rosoboronexport CEO Alexander Mikheev said in February that in 2022 the company fulfilled the tasks set for exporting equipment and weapons abroad.
He did not mention specific amounts.
By August 2022, the company had supplied foreign customers with weapons and military equipment worth $5.4 billion.
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How has trade level between India and Russia changed under Modi and Putin?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

security & military
weapons supply
commerce

India and Russia are jointly developing the BrahMos and S-400 systems.

Title:

Content: Ukraine war: Can India cut off defence ties with Russia?
Posts Tagged ‘ Shruti Menon ’
• BBC fact-checking team
After the start of the war in Ukraine, India ’ s long-term relationship with Russia also attracted attention, with one focus being India ’ s military relationship with Russia.
During a visit to the United States in April, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said India wanted to be a “good friend ” to the West.
But she added that India did not want to be weakened and needed to ensure its security.
This means that India will continue to rely on Russian military supplies for a long time.
How dependent is India on Russian weapons?
India is one of the world ’ s largest arms buyers and has had close defense ties with the former Soviet Union for years.
India ’ s antagonism with Pakistan, as well as its growing rivalry with China, meant that Moscow remained Delhi ’ s main partner even after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s.
About two-thirds of India ’ s military equipment since 1992 has come from Russia, according to the Stockholm Institute for International Peace (Sipri), which tracks global arms transfers and military spending.
The Stimson Center, a U.S.-based research organization, estimates that Russian weapons may account for 85 percent of India ’ s major weapons systems.
This includes fighters, nuclear-powered submarines, aircraft carriers, tanks and missiles.
Is India trying to diversify its arms supply?
Over the past decade, India has become less dependent on Russian weapons and has bought more equipment from other countries.
Notable among them are purchases from France, but also from Israel and the United States, and a smaller amount from the United Kingdom.
According to Sipri, France, the United States and Israel sold twice as much weapons to India in 2021 as they did in 2017, although Russia remains a major supplier.
India purchased Gale jets, Mirage fighters, and Scorpene submarines from France.
During Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ’ s recent visit to France, the two countries said they had agreed to deepen cooperation on advanced defense technology.
Similarly, during Prime Minister Johnson ’ s visit to Delhi in April 2022, the UK and India pledged to deepen their defence and security ties, emphasizing cooperation on advanced jet fighter technology.
India has also turned to Israel for procurement, seeking to meet a number of high-tech defense and security needs, including:
• Drone equipment
• On-board early warning system
• Anti-missile defense
• Precision-guided munitions
India ’ s military relationship with the United States has been growing strongly, with defence trade between India and the United States increasing significantly from 2018 to 2019.
India ’ s major purchases include U.S. long-range maritime patrol aircraft and C-130 transport aircraft, as well as missiles and drones, and a recent Pentagon statement spoke of deepening cooperation with India in space defense and cyber security.
Is India rethinking its reliance on Russian weapons?
Changes in international politics in recent years have meant that India has become closer to countries like France, the United States and Israel.
Nonetheless, India has yet to join the international community in condemning Russia ’ s invasion of Ukraine, and India has made it clear that it does not want to take sides.
Some defense experts believe that given the impact of international sanctions on Russia, India may find it has no choice but to reduce its dependence on Moscow.
Samir Larwani, a defense and security analyst at the Stimson Center, said critical components of Russia ’ s S-400 surface-to-air missile system may now be problematic.
India purchased the system in 2018, and only a portion of it has been delivered.
"There are good reasons to believe... that Russia will not be able to fulfill its contractual commitment to India to deliver all S-400 systems," Mr. Rawani said.
He also argued that Russia ’ s war losses in Ukraine could mean that it might not be able to meet India ’ s needs “because it will be desperate to use all spare parts to replenish its power. ”
He said Indian policymakers may be taking note of some of the problems Russia faces with its equipment on the Ukrainian battlefield.
Without Russia ’ s weapons, would India ’ s defense be able to do so?
At the moment, this seems unlikely.
In October, a U.S. congressional report said the Indian military would not function effectively without Russian equipment and would continue to rely on Russian weapons systems in the near and medium term.
According to the report, Russia offers weapons at a relatively (more) attractive price than the West.
Sanjita Saxena, editor of the Delhi-based magazine Aeronautics and Defense Space, said the Indian army would continue to buy weapons and equipment from Russia.
She said this was not only because its personnel were familiar with their equipment, but also because relations with Russia had stood the test of time.
But she added that India wants to develop its indigenous defence industry, sometimes in joint partnerships with other countries.
Ms Saxena explained that this involved using the most advanced technology abroad to vigorously promote weapons manufacturing under programs such as “Made in India. ”
She explained that India would buy from anyone it felt offered the most suitable or valuable deal, whether it was Russia or another country.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

Russia has provided India with significant military equipment and technology as part of their defense cooperation.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

India has received over $65 billion worth of military equipment from Russia in recent years.

Title:

Content: Moscow and New Delhi agree on joint production of Russian weapons in India - Libyan newspaper Al-Marsad
LATEST NEWS
Russia and India have strategic relations in various fields, including in the military-technical sphere, with New Delhi being one of the leading buyers of Russian arms and military equipment.
Dmitry Shogayev, Chairman of the Russian Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation, revealed in an interview the details of the agreements and understandings reached today with the Indian side during the meeting of the Inter-State Commission on Military-Technical Cooperation, which was chaired by the Ministers of Defence of the two countries.
The Russian official described today ’ s meeting as important and prominent because it was held personally in the shadow of the Corona pandemic, where he said: “Today ’ s meeting is an important event because the committee ’ s meeting was held in presence after the meeting was canceled last year because of the Corona pandemic. ”
On the issues discussed, Shogayev pointed out that the issues of cooperation in the military-technical field and the results of the work of 2020 and 2021 were discussed.
Prospects for cooperation for the future were also discussed, where important directions were identified, and a landmark document was signed, namely, the “Program for Military and Technical Cooperation until 2031 ′ ′, i.e., plans for cooperation for the next ten years, which includes the supply of weapons and military equipment and the joint production of some types in India. ”
He added that an agreement was signed today for the manufacture of the modern Russian AK-203 rifle in India, talking about the manufacture of 600 thousand rifles of this type in a joint factory in order to meet the Indian demand for this type of weapon.
He pointed out that India is one of Russia ’ s important strategic partners, as the volume of military orders with this country exceeds the level of $14 billion, and important agreements are being implemented, including the supply of the air defense system “S-400 ”, where the first batch of this system is planned to be delivered by the end of the year.
On the impact of US sanctions imposed on Moscow on military cooperation between Russia and India, the official stressed that the dollar currency is abandoned in contracts and the use of national currencies, pointing to the existence of understandings between Moscow and New Delhi in this regard.
Moscow and New Delhi have strategic ties, with Russia providing India with more than $65 billion worth of military equipment and weapons over the course of military-technical cooperation.
At present, the Indian Navy is 80% equipped with Russian equipment, while the Air Force is 70%, according to expert estimates.
In October 2018, Moscow and New Delhi signed a contract for the supply of five sets of S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems worth more than $5 billion.
Notable agreements signed between the two countries include an agreement to supply four Russian 11356 frigates and a large range of Igla portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
Source: RT

How has trade level between India and Russia changed under Modi and Putin?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

security & military
weapons supply
commerce

The Indian Navy and Air Force are 80% and 70% equipped with Russian equipment, respectively.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

India and Russia have a strong defense partnership, cooperating in areas like joint production, technology transfer, and research.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

The two countries plan to cooperate on developing hypersonic missiles and stealth fighters.

Title:

Content: Russia will try to involve India in the production of Su-75 Checkmate fighters – media
Despite cooperation in a number of projects such as the S-400, anti-ship missile Brahmos and others, the production of the Su-75 may not interest India.
They have their own program with Western countries.
Related video
The Kremlin hopes to continue cooperation with India in the military-industrial complex.
In particular, in the production of the new fighter of the 5th generation Su-75 Checkmate.
This is reported by Defense Express.
Despite Russia ’ s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, India continues to cooperate with Russia in a number of projects.
In particular, in the S-400 air defense system, the creation of the Brahmos anti-ship missile, as well as the production of AK-203 assault rifles.
The next goal of Moscow is the participation of India in the creation of the fighter, as claimed, 5 generation Su-75 Checkmate.
The model of the aircraft was presented in the summer of 2021.
It was positioned as a light fighter of the 5th generation, which is suitable for the countries of the Middle East, India.
Viet Nam and other countries.
During the exhibition Aero India 2023, the Kremlin will offer India to participate in the program.
The publication notes that for Delhi, the Russian proposal may not be the most attractive.
In 2018, they withdrew from the joint development of the FGFA based on the Su-57 fighter, which began in 2007.
Despite the allocation of 295 million dollars, Delhi withdrew from the program due to "disagreements between the parties."
Now India is developing its own fifth-generation fighter HAL AMCA in cooperation with Western companies.
The first flight of the aircraft should be made in the next year or in 2025, and the start of serial production is scheduled for 2028-2030.
Recall, in October 2022, the media wrote that Russia can say goodbye to the Su-57 and Su-75 fighters for export.
Sanctions significantly limit the capabilities of the MIC.
On July 20, 2021, the new Su-75 Checkmate fighter was officially presented in Russia.
It was intended to be produced mainly for export.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military

India relies on Russia for nearly half of its military supplies.

Title:

Content: Modi ’ s visit to the United States: Is the fighter engine technology a “stepping over ” gift from Biden to Modi?
Author: MIAO Yongqi
Published: Updated:
In an interview with the Wall Street Journal ahead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi ’ s first state visit to the United States in nine years, he described the level of mutual trust between the leaders of the United States and India as “an important pillar of the partnership ”.
Indian media also described the United States as India ’ s most important military and economic partner, and India-US relations have officially ushered in a new stage.
Deepening India-US defense industry cooperation and sharing high technology are the focus of Modi ’ s visit.
Modi ’ s visit comes at a time when, in addition to the honeymoon period of India-US relations, defense cooperation, including arms deals, is the focus of his visit.
Modi is expected to sign a historic defense agreement with the White House in Washington this week. National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan is said to be the driving force behind the U.S.-India defense cooperation, and Indian Defense Secretary Rajnath Singh and U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin discussed the cooperation plan before the beginning of this month.
Defense cooperation is expected to have three major outcomes:
First, the two sides will facilitate a $3 billion order for India to purchase 31 MQ-9B drones from the United States, which are expected to be used for aerial reconnaissance over the Indian Ocean and the India-China border in the Himalayas, and India will become the first non-US treaty ally to purchase this type of armed attack drone, but it has been reported that the purchase will be reduced to 18 to 24.;
Second, General Electric (GE) and Hindustan Airlines (HAL) produce the GE-F414 light fighter engine in India, which is used by the Indian light fighter "Tejas" Mk2.
Third, the United States will sell 26 F-16s to the Indian Navy.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to finalize a $300 million purchase deal with Biden for the MQ-9B Predator drone.
Although the defense cooperation plan between the United States and India has been talked about for many years, it has not been meaningful until recently.
As early as 2005, the two countries have signed a framework for defense cooperation; in June 2010, when US President Barack Obama stressed the "return to Asia", he opened the US-India strategic dialogue, saying that US-India relations are "indispensable in the process of building the 21st century."
In July 2018, the United States relaxed export restrictions on the sale of high-tech products to India and designated New Delhi as a Strategic Trade Authorization Level 1 (SDA1) country, which also makes India the only South Asian country among the most important U.S. allies. In September 2018, India and the United States signed the Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA), which allows India to acquire cutting-edge and advanced technology from the United States while buying high-end U.S. defense equipment.
As of 2019, India is eligible for funding from the U.S. Department of Defense ’ s Maritime Security Initiative.
In the past decade, the strategic cooperation between the two countries has been considered more symbolic than practical, but the new US-India defense cooperation roadmap is considered significant, and the production of high-tech fighter engines in India and increased technical cooperation are a major focus of Indian military production.
While the United States wants India to counterbalance China in the region, it also wants New Delhi to reduce its dependence on imported Russian-made weapons.
India, the world ’ s largest arms importer, relies on Russia for nearly half of its military supplies, including tanks, jet fighters, S-400 air defense systems and ammunition, but procurement has become increasingly diversified in recent years, including the United States, Israel and France.
Perhaps the outbreak of the war in Ukraine has made Washington even more urgent, taking the opportunity to coax India into changing its long-standing military cooperation with Russia.
An Indian version of the F414-GE-100 engine used to power the Boeing F / A-18E / F Super Hornet.
High-quality technology transfer
The U.S. Embassy in New Delhi said in a statement that the agreement aims to change the “paradigm ” of defense cooperation between the two countries and will“ rapidly advance technical cooperation and joint production in the areas of air combat and land mobile systems, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, ammunition and seabed. ”
Therefore, of the three cooperation agreements mentioned above, the one related to fighter engine manufacturing has received the most attention in India, as it involves the sharing of key technologies between US companies and Indian state-owned enterprises.
These technologies are protected by intellectual property rights and the production process is the highest state secret, and the United States has never shared such a degree of core technology with other countries.
This would make India one of the few countries in the world to localize aircraft engine production.
“It ’ s not just India ’ s manufacturing sector, it ’ s a real technology transfer, ” said Rudra Chaudhuri, head of Carnegie India, a think-tank based in New Delhi.
The GE-F414, produced by General Electric, is currently supplied to light aircraft in eight countries.
This includes India ’ s Tejas Mark 2 single-engine supersonic multirole fighter, which is expected to enter service in 2026.
(GE Aerospace)
This is undoubtedly a great gift to the Modi government and a testament to the sincerity of the Biden administration towards India.
According to official sources in India, 80% of the technology of fighter engine manufacturing will be transferred to HAL, and India will have access to at least 11 major production technologies, including special coating for melting and heating, processing and coating of single-crystal turbine blades, processing and coating of nozzle blades and end parts, and overall blade processing.
With these technologies, it will be possible for India to achieve the production of high-thrust engines and eliminate some key technical barriers, and the transfer of these technologies will occur in the next two to three years, the sources said.
Aparna Pande, director of advocacy at the Hudson Institute in India, said: “It is the India-Russia partnership that has traditionally kept the United States on the lookout for a closer defence relationship with India. ”
“If India approaches because of a lack of supply of spare parts, problem equipment, or Russia ’ s relationship with China, then (you can) convince India to buy more from the United States and its allies, it ’ s an opportunity. ”
""
In another focus, Modi also met with Tesla Chief Executive Elon Musk, who the Indian government said had invited Musk to explore investment opportunities in electric vehicles and commercial space, and who said Tesla would enter India in the near future.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

India and Russia have signed agreements to jointly produce military equipment, including BrahMos missiles and Ka-226T helicopters.

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Content: You are here: Home » Current Affairs » News » National
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'India great power and a time-tested friend', says Russia's Vladimir Putin

India, Russia hold 21st summit, and first 2+2 dialogue; sign 28 agreements

Topics
indian government | India-Russia ties | Narendra Modi

Ajai Shukla  |  New Delhi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi receives Russian President Vladimir Putin at Hyderabad House in New Delhi, on Monday (Photo: PTI)

New Delhi and Moscow on Monday issued to the world a high-visibility reminder about their “Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership”, as Prime Minister and Russian President held the 21st India-Russia Summit, an annual ritual missed only in 2020 due to the pandemic.

Leading into the 21st summit meeting, India and Russia held their first-ever 2 + 2 Ministerial Dialogue, in which External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh together held strategic discussions with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu.

“We perceive India as a great power, a friendly nation and a time-tested friend. The relations between our countries are growing and I am looking into the future,” Putin said in his initial comments.

Putin also expressed concern over the developments in Afghanistan and said India and Russia will continue to coordinate on major challenges facing the region.

Modi said Putin’s second visit abroad during the Covid-19 pandemic reflected his personal commitment to the and that the special and privileged strategic partnership between the two sides was getting stronger. In the last few decades, the world witnessed many fundamental changes and different kinds of geopolitical equations and variables, but the friendship of India and Russia remained constant, Modi said. “Your visit to India is a reflection of your commitment to ties with India,” the PM said.

Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla said 28 agreements were concluded between India and Russia after Modi-Putin meet. After the 2+2 meeting, Jaishankar tweeted: “A productive exchange of perspectives on cross-cutting and inter-related issues. Will be reporting it to the Annual Summit later today.”

Earlier on Monday, there was a meeting of the apex body that governs defence relations between the two: The Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission on Military Technical Cooperation (IRIGC-MTC), co-chaired by the two defence ministers, Singh and Shoigu.

India’s military uses Russian weaponry extensively, such as Sukhoi-30MKI fighter aircraft, T-90S tanks and BMP infantry combat vehicles, Talwar-class frigates, and Kilo-class submarines. The two sides have jointly produced the highly regarded BrahMos cruise missile system.

During the 17th annual summit, the two countries concluded deals on India’s procurement of five units of the S-400 air defence systems for an estimated ~37,000 crore, constructing Talwar-class frigates under Project 1135.6, and a shareholders’ agreement on a joint venture (JV) to manufacture Kamov-226T helicopters in India.

The S400 is regarded as the world’s premier long-range missile system, with the ability to shoot down enemy aircraft at ranges up to 400 kilometres. During the confrontation over the last two years between the Chinese and Indian armies in Ladakh, China deployed the S400 along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).

On March 3, 2019, in Amethi, Modi announced another JV —Indo-Russian Rifles — that would manufacture 750,000 AK-203 assault rifles in Korwa under the “Make in India” programme for an estimated $687 million. Russia is also competing for a ~40,000-crore deal for building six submarines in India under Project 75I, and a ~50,000-60,000 crore agreement to manufacture 114 fighter aircraft in India.

To ensure that Russian defence equipment was not hampered by any shortfall in maintenance or spare parts, the two sides agreed during the 20th Annual Summit in Vladivostok in September 2019 to cooperate in producing spare parts for Russian/Soviet military equipment.

The India-Russia defence partnership is being tested by Washington, especially through the piece of legislation the US Congress passed in 2017, titled CAATSA (Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act). This provides for US sanctions on countries that have significant defence or intelligence relations with Russia, Iran, or North Korea. India’s purchase of the S400 missile system is regarded as a potential trigger for Washington to impose sanctions.

While the US Congress has created a “CAATSA waiver” for close partners such as India, the US president is required to determine whether to exercise that waiver. So far, President Joe Biden has not stated a preference.

India, which faces a growing threat from China, is determined to buy the S400 from Russia. Asked whether New Delhi would bow to CAATSA pressure, India’s foreign ministry spokesperson said last week: “India and the US have a special global strategic partnership. And we also have a very special and privileged strategic partnership with Russia. And as you’re all aware, we pursue an independent foreign policy. This applies to our defence acquisitions, and supplies which are and will continue to be guided by our security interest.”

New Delhi and Moscow have identified trade and economic relations as a priority area. Modi and Putin have set a bilateral investment target of $50 billion and a bilateral trade target of $30 billion by 2025. (With inputs from PTI)

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First Published: Tue, December 07 2021. 01:24 IST
.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

Russia's military equipment is produced in India, including T-90 and T-72 tanks, BMP-2 vehicles, and "Mango" and "Invar" shells.

Title:

Content: Log in
Rosoboronexport plans to cooperate with India in the field of air defense
546
0
0
Flags of Russia and India.
Image source: Vitaly Ankov / RIA Novosti
Rosoboronexport CEO Alexander Mikheev noted the long-term cooperation with the Indian state aerospace and defense company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Moscow, May 22.
/ TASS /.
Rosoboronexport plans to develop cooperation with India in the field of air defense (air defense).
This was announced on Monday by Director General of Rosoboronexport (ROE) Alexander Mikheev.
"There are joint projects in the interests of the Indian Navy, we expect cooperation in air defense. <... > Our work in India is a vivid example of a comprehensive industrial partnership, in which joint projects for all types of armed forces with a degree of cooperation between enterprises of the two countries unique for the world market have been mastered," Mikheev said, according to the press service of the company, in honor of the 70th anniversary of the foundation of the military-technical cooperation system of Russia.
Mikheev also noted the long-term cooperation with the Indian state aerospace and defense company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
"With HAL Corporation we have a long-term project for the licensed production of the most massive aircraft of the Indian Air Force - Su-30MKI, we expect a decision on the production of Ka-226T helicopters on the basis of a joint venture.
India produces tanks T-90 and T-72, BMP-2, shells "Mango" and "Invar".
The production of Kalashnikov AK-203 assault rifles has been launched at the plant in the city of Corva, which will eventually reach a 100 percent level of localization, "he said.
The Director General of the ROE said that thanks to the great attention from the leadership of the state, Russian weapons have reached a new stage of development.
"High-tech complexes and weapons systems have been created that set the bar for gunsmiths all over the world.
Financial, material and human resources invested in R & D at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex allowed to develop the most advanced production technologies, "Mikheev said.
According to him, the experience of the combat use of Russian weapons in military conflicts and major anti-terrorist operations by various countries of the world has shown their effectiveness and compliance with the declared characteristics.
The rights to this material belong to
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

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India is producing the Kalashnikov AK-203 rifle, with plans to manufacture 600,000 units.

Title:

Content: Global News
Before Putin's visit...
India agrees to manufacture 500,000 Russian Kalashnikovs
JEDDAH (Reuters) - Indian government sources announced on Saturday that the country has approved a plan to manufacture 500,000 Russian AK-203 Kalashnikov rifles with local manufacture, on the eve of an official visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to India.
According to Spanish news agency EFI, the project is expected to allow India to manufacture assault rifles within the country as part of a "Made in India" policy promoted by the government of incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
According to Indian sources, $700 million of investment will be allocated to the project as part of efforts to achieve self-sufficiency in the defense industry in India, where New Delhi has approved a plan to produce more than 500,000 AK-203 rifles in the town of Kurwa in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
This is expected to allow India to replace part of its forces' weapons collection, replacing India's small arms system, a locally designed gun that has been in service for more than three decades.
The AK-203 assault rifle is an upgraded version of Russia ’ s Kalashnikov family, whose manufacturing plan was announced in India in 2018 but has not been implemented due to outstanding technology transfer and cost issues.
We presented to you our esteemed visitors the most important details of the news before the visit of Putin..
India agrees to manufacture 500 thousand Russian Kalashnikov rifle on the dot of the Gulf in this article and we hope that we have provided you with all the details clearly and with more credibility and transparency and if you want to follow more news you can subscribe with us for free through our system alerts on your browser or by joining the mailing list and we see to provide you with all that is new.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

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India and Russia will jointly produce 600,000 Kalashnikov rifles with full technology transfer in seven years.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

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security & military
weapons supply
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India will manufacture 750,000 AK-203 assault rifles for the Indian Army.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

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Russia will transfer technology to India for joint production of spare parts.

Title:

Content: 18: 31, 06 December 2021
India has agreed with Russia on the production of Kalashnikov assault rifle on its territory
The Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation said that we are talking about the production of more than 600 thousand weapons.
In India, they chose from several models and settled on the AK-203, which is not produced under license in any other country.
Moscow and New Delhi have also agreed to stimulate the joint production in India of spare parts for weapons produced in Russia.
President Vladimir Putin meets with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

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Russia and India plan to produce Igla-S air defense systems and other military equipment in India.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

India and Russia have signed a 10-year military cooperation program to produce Russian weapons in India.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

US sanctions do not affect Russia's $65 billion worth of military equipment production in India.

How did India react to the war between Russia and Ukraine?

India did not join the Western sanctions against Russia

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

India and Russia's trade turnover has reached $23.1 billion, with Russian imports to India totaling $21.6 billion, a 10% increase.

Title:

Content: India ’ s defense ministries received 35,000 AK-203 Kalashnikov assault rifles.
This was reported by the press service of Rostec.
The Russian-Indian joint venture Indo-Russian Rifles Private Limited, registered and located in India, produced and handed over to the Indian Ministry of Defense 35 thousand AK-203 Kalashnikov assault rifles.
The founders of the enterprise from the Russian side are Rosoboronexport and the Kalashnikov concern of the Rostec State Corporation, "the state corporation said in a statement.
As noted by the general director of the state corporation Sergey Chemezov, India became the first foreign customer who began to produce the AK-203.
He added that the production is deployed in India in full compliance with the Make In India and Self-Sufficient India programs.
Thus, the project includes technology transfer, and its concept includes 100% localization of the production of the AK-203.
“Such programs are one of the trends in the modern arms market and Russia ’ s competitive advantage as a reliable supplier of the best defense solutions, ” Chemezov concluded.
The AK-203 is a version of the AK-200 Kalashnikov assault rifle for the 7.62 × 39 mm cartridge used by the Indian Army.
As reported by IA Regnum, in January-April, the trade turnover between Russia and India reached a record $23.1 billion.
The increase was 10%.
Thus, in the first four months of this year, India increased imports of Russian products by 10% to $21.6 billion.
Russia became the second main supplier of goods to India after China with deliveries of 32.6 billion dollars.
Earlier, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that although Russia and India are steadily developing relations in all directions, there is strong pressure on the Indian leadership from the outside.

How has trade level between India and Russia changed under Modi and Putin?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

India is reducing its dependence on Russian-made weapons, diversifying procurement from countries like the US, Israel, and France.

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

The US wants India to counter China and reduce Russian imports, despite India's strong ties with Russia.

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

Russia and India are currently producing military equipment, including AK-203 rifles and Ka-226T helicopters.

Title:

Content: Log in
Localization of Kalashnikov assault rifles in India goes according to plan - the head of the concern
215
0
0
AK-203.
Image source: © Rosoboronexport
Moscow. May 27.
INTERFAX - The head of the concern "Kalashnikov" Vladimir Lepin told "Interfax" that the work on localization of Kalashnikov assault rifles in India is going according to plan.
“Everything is in normal mode.
And from the Indian side and from our side, ” Lepin said.
On December 6, 2021, it became known that Russia and India signed a contract for the joint production of more than 600 thousand AK-203 assault rifles at the enterprise in the city of Corva in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
The deal was finalized during the meeting of the defense ministers of the two countries, Sergei Shoigu and Rajnath Singh, held in Delhi.
The newspaper Hindustan Times reported that the amount of the transaction is more than $677 million.
On December 6, 2021, Lepin announced that production of the AK-203 would begin in India "in the coming months."
On December 7, 2021, the head of Rosoboronexport, Alexander Mikheev, reported that the localization of the production of AK-203 assault rifles in India will be phased.
“There is a feature of starting production.
The first 120,000 AK-203 assault rifles will be manufactured in India with a phased increase in localization from 5% to 70%.
The rest of the machines will be produced with 100% localization, "Mikheev said.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

Future production plans include Igla-S air defense systems and T-90 tanks.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply

Russian production in India will expand to include spare parts and equipment.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

Kalashnikov's head says AK-203 production in India is on track.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply
commerce

Russia and India finalized a contract for joint production of AK-203 rifles.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply
commerce

The deal to produce over 600,000 AK-203 rifles is worth over $677 million.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
weapons supply
commerce

AK-203 rifle production in India began after December 2021, with localization increasing from 5% to 100% in phases.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
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India aims to reduce its reliance on Russia, which has supplied 65% of its arms over the past 20 years.

Title:

Content: India wants to give up Russian weapons and distance itself from Russia, but New Delhi worries that this could push Moscow closer to China.
Also, Reuters reported citing experts familiar with the issue, India fears that Russia will not be able to supply spare parts for military equipment due to the fact that “the war in Ukraine is dragging on, ” but the country will continue“ to maintain ties with Russia and balance with the West. ”
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According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, over the past two decades, Russia has supplied 65% of the weapons that India has purchased for more than $60 billion.
But the war in Ukraine has accelerated the push to diversify its weapons base.
Reuters noted that Russia, in turn, publicly calls on India to cooperate, but India wants to strengthen domestic production.
At the same time, the agency draws attention to the fact that New Delhi will have to “go along a fine line ” in relations with Russia, since the cessation of cooperation will push Moscow closer to Beijing.
"Buying a gun buys you influence.
By denying them access, you make them subordinate to China, ” said a retired Indian official.
See also: Klimkin about Trump: We are afraid of the wrong people.
There will be elections in China and India.
Svasti Rao, an expert on Eurasia at the state-run Institute for Defense Research and Analysis, told the agency that the question arises in India whether Russia will be able to supply military spare parts “as the war in Ukraine drags on. ”
He stressed that “India ’ s multilateral orientation will continue to maintain ties with Russia and balance with the West, but it will not be an even distribution. ”
• On December 20, 2023, India urged the G7 countries to postpone the introduction of a ban on Russian diamonds, as the rules for tracking the origin of precious stones remain unclear.
• On December 21, Bloomberg reported for the first time a delay in the delivery of Russian Sokol oil to India.
Then the publication suggested that the stoppage of the ships may be associated with increased pressure from the United States on violators of the price ceiling, but with reference to its sources, Reuters wrote that the problem is payment.
• On January 5, 2024, it was reported that the latest US sanctions seem to have been able to create problems for Russia.
More and more tankers with Russian oil began to behave atypically: change routes, stop in the middle of the sea, mask their location.
See also: China is buying chips for a record $40 billion to circumvent the US restriction

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

The war in Ukraine has accelerated India's push to diversify its defense supplies due to concerns over Russian spare part deliveries.

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

India is exploring alternative suppliers, including France, the US, and Israel, having already bought equipment like Gale jets and Scorpene submarines from France.

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

The US and India have signed significant defense deals, including a jet engine production agreement.

Title:

Content: Links for simplified access
Reuters: India is gradually abandoning weapons from Russia
India, after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, is seeking to distance itself from its largest arms supplier, Moscow, and is slowly turning towards the West, Reuters reported on Sunday, citing sources in Delhi.
At the same time, the publication mentions Moscow ’ s limited ability to supply ammunition and equipment due to the war, and the fact that the United States is now trying to strengthen its ties in the Indo-Pacific region, hoping to contain the growing China and at the same time reduce India ’ s traditional dependence on Russia.
Last year, Delhi and Washington signed an agreement that would allow General Electric to produce jet engines for Indian fighter jets in India.
The two countries plan to accelerate technological cooperation and joint production in areas ranging from air combat capabilities to reconnaissance.
But the further development of their ties is worrying because of China, as the Indian and Chinese armies are embroiled in a confrontation on the border in the Himalayas.
India should also act cautiously so as not to push Moscow to further rapprochement with Beijing.
According to the Stockholm Peace Research Institute, over the past two decades, Russia has provided 65% of India ’ s arms purchases worth more than $60 billion.
But the war in Ukraine has given an additional impetus to the diversification of the Indian military segment.
“We are unlikely to sign any major military deal with Moscow, ” Nandan Unnikrishnan, an expert on Russia at the Observer Research Foundation in Delhi, told Reuters.
The expert called such a deal a “red line for Washington ”.
“Trade with Russia in energy and other areas will help keep Russia as far away from China as possible, ” the analyst added.
Since 2022, India is considered one of the largest importers of Russian oil, Reuters notes.
Russia has publicly urged India to step up defense ties, but Prime Minister Narendra Modi has focused on domestic production using Western technology, experts and officials cited by Reuters said.
In particular, four anonymous sources in the Indian government reported that Russia offered to supply Sukhoi and MiG fighters with the possibility of joint production in India.
Reuters writes that the foreign and defense ministries of India and Russia did not respond to requests for comments from the agency.
• India belongs to the group of countries that take a neutral position in the war of Russia against Ukraine.
Delhi avoids condemning Russian actions by declaring its support for the end of the war by means of diplomacy and dialogue.
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What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

India's defense procurement from Russia has decreased to 49% as purchases from the US, Israel, and France have risen.

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Content: Follow Us:

Putin visiting India: Is it strategic balancing?

By Major General S.B. Asthana
With heated exchanges between the US and Russia due to heavy concentration of troops in Ukraine border scheduled for talks between both, Russias growing dependency on China due to sanctions from West, and Indian tilt towards the US with inclusion in Quad, the visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to India on December 6, appears to be viewed differently by different world players. Even in domestic debates, the public anger due to Chinese intrusion in Ladakh and growing partnership of Russia and China, indicates that the visit is sensitive in context of international geopolitical scenario; hence will require a delicate strategic balancing including text of joint statement, if issued at the end of the visit. Notwithstanding the above, the visit is a scheduled 21st India-Russia Annual Summit, which couldnt take place earlier due to coronavirus pandemic, there are many justified reasons to continue with 'Indo-Soviet Friendship Treaty (1971)' matured into 'Strategic Partnership (2000)', which has stood the test of time till date, even during ongoing rough relations between China and India.

Why Russia Matters to India Despite Chinese Embrace?

Despite Indian effort for Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence manufacturing and SIPRI indicating significant 33 per cent decrease in import of military hardware by India in recent years, it remains heavily dependent on Russian technology, maintenance, procurement of hardware and spares. For many decades Russians have been collaborating with India in its indigenous manufacturing programs and were amenable to transfer of technology, which India was finding difficult to get from others. It includes some major systems like nuclear-powered submarines, warships/frigates, nuclear reactors, space programmes and flagship projects like Brahmos.

The impending visit, besides deal to commence indigenous manufacturing of AK 203 Kalashnikov rifles, may see some forward movement in collaboration in manufacturing (including transfer of technology of very short range air defence missile systems (VSHORADS), twin engine helicopters to replace Cheetah and Chetak, upgradation of inventory of MIG-29 and Sukhoi aircrafts. S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile system which India had signed in 2018 for $5.43 billion is a done deal, and the threat of CAATSA is unlikely to have any impact on delivery schedule. It was chosen because it was most suitable to Indian requirement at that point of time. There are also speculations of approximately ten agreements to be signed between the two countries, which could include reciprocal exchange of logistics Agreement and 10-year military technical agreement, besides Two plus Two dialogue to strengthen existing strategic partnership. While the US may be amenable to a waiver on CAATSA for S-400, in view of common China challenge, but further deals may create some new friction points in strengthening of Indo-US relations.

On strategic context, Russia continues to be a favourable P5 member in UN and continues to support India in various multilateral organisations like the UN, SCO, BRICS on crucial issues. It's a technological powerhouse, with one of the largest producer of military hardware, producing rugged equipment suited for variety of terrain, where Indian forces operate. While its nearness to China, its discomfort with Indian embrace to Quad, growing Indo-US partnership, and hardware sale to Pakistan, forces some of the opinion makers in India to suggest divorcing Russia in favour of US, but such opinions are marred by impracticality, ignorance of Indian hardware dependency on Russia and its track record of reliability of its partnership with India. In its revised Military Strategy document Russia continues to name India as its partner along with China, and has not delayed/defaulted on any hardware support to India, even during standoff with China. The interest of both countries also coincide regarding concerns on export of terror after Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan and resultant humanitarian crisis, which will certainly be a subject of discussion and may find some mention in joint statement.

Reality of Sino-Russian Embrace

The much publicised Sino-Russian embrace by Chinese media and Russian acceptance to go along has been due to economic compulsions due to increasing sanctions from West, common adversary US branding both as competitors in security strategy documents. Objectively an expansionist, aggressive China seeking Sino-centric world order does suit Russia as well, which is looking for multilateral world order. Chinese BRI has already side-lined Eurasian dream, its technological theft like alleged hypersonic technology proliferation and increasing border claims in previously settled border with Tajikistan are not to Russian liking. Russia has made no commitment to back China's misadventure in South China Sea/Himalayas and China has also not made any commitment on Ukraine borders. Reiterating India as a strategic partner may be Moscow's message to US and Beijing both. It is however, impractical to expect Russia criticising China or Pakistan or India discussing Ukraine issue during this visit, due to peculiar geo-political equations, and Russians need for strategic and economic balancing.

Strategic Balancing by India

India and US have commonality of Interest in most issues including tackling China, which has pushed India to become an important global strategic partner of US, by its aggressive designs. There is congruence of interests in most global issues between US and India in the current geo-strategic equation. India stands with US and Quad in context of Indo-Pacific and facing China challenge. India continues to do its best to respond to sensitivities and concerns of the US, at times risking some of its old relationships like Iran. To accommodate US interest India reduced import of oil from Iran, bearing a cost disadvantage, as Iran oil was being imported in Rupee terms, in crude form and attuned to existing refineries in India. India doesn't seem to be repeating the same mistake with Russians, who haven't done anything bilaterally which demands a divorce in mutual relationship. Moreover, military capacity building of India also adds to collective strength of Quad, which is in collective interest.

Lately India is trying to be self-reliant, as well as diversifying procurement from various countries to include US, France, Israel. In last decade the defence procurement from Russia has gradually reduced from over 65 percent approximately to nearly 49 percent and correspondingly increased in favour of the US, Israel and France. There is a noticeable upward trend in purchase of US military hardware, as the year 2020 alone saw a purchase $3.4 billion worth of US military equipment, indicating enough accommodation by India. In a buyers' market US has competitors to include Russia, Israel and France, and every country will make sovereign choice to pick the best deal including India. India has also made modest beginning in exporting Rs 38,000 crore worth of military equipment, as a step towards self-reliance, seeking support of all the partners.

(Major General S.B.Asthana is a strategic and security analyst, a veteran Infantry General. He is the Chief Instructor, United Service Institution of India. The views expressed are personal)

--IANS
asthana/ksk/

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

Russia remains a crucial partner for India in multilateral organizations.

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

What formal frameworks do India and Russia cooperate within?

The US has offered to waive sanctions on India's purchase of the S-400 missile system to reduce its dependence on Russian supplies.

India is investing in its domestic defense industry through initiatives like "Make in India" and "Atmanirbhar Bharat" to become self-reliant.

Title:

Content: International
International news.
Reuters: Russian invasion of Uyghur supply to India turned to purchase
Reuters on Sunday (28) quoted Indian sources as saying that India is seeking to distance itself from Russia, its largest arms supplier, after its ability to supply ammunition and spare parts was limited due to intrusion.
However, sources said India would have to be careful to avoid bringing Russia closer to China.
According to the International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the largest importer of weapons in the world, 65% of the weapons procured by India in the past 20 years have come from Russia, but the Russian invasion of Ukraine has accelerated India ’ s drive to diversify its weapons supply sources.
As the United States seeks to expand relations with the Indo-Pacific nations, it hopes to help India break away from its traditional dependence on Russian military supplies in order to contain a rising China, while New Delhi moves closer to the West.
Russia has publicly called on India to strengthen its defense ties, but experts and officials say Prime Minister Narendra Modi has shifted his focus to using Western technology to produce military equipment at home.
This approach is in line with Modi ’ s “Make in India ” initiative to encourage domestic manufacturing.
India and the United States signed an agreement last year for General Electric Space to cooperate in the production of fighter engines in India, and plans to rapidly advance technical cooperation and joint production in areas ranging from air warfare to intelligence.
India ’ s defence minister has said the country plans to invest $100 billion (about HK $780 billion) in defence orders over the next 10 years.
Four Indian government sources, including a recently retired senior security official, told Reuters that Russia had earlier offered to sell India ’ s most advanced Kamov helicopters and Sukhoi and MiG weapons, as well as to increase joint production of military equipment in India, but Unik Richenan, a Russian research expert at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) in New Delhi, said that India was unlikely to sign a major military deal with Russia, he said: "That's the red line in Washington."
(Reuters)
Related words: arms sales US-India relations Russia-India relations India-China Russia-Russia invasion of the United States
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The country plans to invest $100 billion in defense over 10 years, including joint ventures with Russia to produce equipment like the AK-203 rifle.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

weapons joint production
security & military
investment
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The Russia-Ukraine conflict has delayed Russia's military shipments to India.

Title:

Content: Prime Minister Narendra Modi ’ s recent two-day visit to Russia may have been watched more in the West than in India itself.
Modi received an official reception in Russia, where President Vladimir Putin, who faces Western sanctions over the war in Ukraine, described the Indian prime minister as his “best friend. ”
The visit, Modi ’ s first overseas trip after taking office for a new term, has been described as of international significance.
India is in a unique position as it enjoys long-term relations with Russia while at the same time getting closer to the United States and is now in a position to win the trust of both sides.
Thus, while India is unlikely to play the role of mediator, the South Asian country, during the crisis period, could play some role in helping to find a solution to the war in Ukraine.
But throughout the visit, Modi was clearly balancing India ’ s position between the two sides.
He has described Russia as a friend at all times, referring to how Moscow has advanced in the past to help New Delhi.
Russia shared nuclear technology with India at a time when no other country was willing to do so.
It is also supplying arms to India and helping to strengthen its defence deterrence amid border problems with neighbouring countries.
While India is now diversifying its defense purchases from Israel, the United States, and France, among others, 80 percent of India ’ s military equipment to date comes from Russia.
Russia has also become important since the outbreak of the Ukrainian war, to provide fuel at reduced prices, which is crucial for India, whose energy needs are growing exponentially.
Cheap fuel helped New Delhi adjust inflation in India.
At the same time, India ’ s relations with the United States have grown at a rapid pace in recent times.
Against this backdrop, the visit was also a lesson in skilful diplomatic manoeuvres, as Modi managed to strike a good balance between the two sides.
During the visit, Modi noted that his 17 meetings with Putin over the past decade have strengthened mutual trust and respect between the two sides.
The Indian prime minister not only called Russia a friend at all times, but also a “partner for better or worse. ”
The two leaders also exchanged views on the Ukraine crisis.
The Indian prime minister reiterated his country's position that there could be no solutions to the crisis amid "guns, bullets and bombs".
"Whether it is a war, a conflict or a terrorist attack, anyone who believes in humanity suffers when there is a loss of life," he said, stressing that "when innocent children are killed, the heart bleeds and this pain is very frightening."
There is no doubt that Modi ’ s visit to Russia was significant.
Apart from the international attention from a political point of view on its outcome, the visit is seen as adding to the continued momentum in relations between the two countries.
Economic relations in particular have received a boost since the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis, mainly due to India ’ s imports of oil, fertilizers and gas at reduced prices.
Trade between India and Russia, which has been stagnant for years, rose from $15 billion in 2021-2022 to $65 billion in 2023-2024 after the outbreak of the Ukrainian war in 2022.
So, during Modi ’ s visit, the two sides also discussed ways to strengthen economic ties.
The two countries agreed to boost trade to $100 billion by 2030, reduce non-tariff barriers, reduce trade imbalances in Russia ’ s favor, improve connectivity and increase trade in agricultural goods.
They also discussed some outstanding problems that remain unresolved between the two countries, such as the issue of the growing trade imbalance.
The outbreak of the Ukrainian war, which was the reason for the strengthening of energy ties between the two countries, put pressure on the military relationship, delaying shipments of spare parts and new weapons.
For example, Russia has so far delivered only three of the five S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile systems, while the other two are behind schedule.
The delivery of spare parts and other military equipment remained an essential part of the discussions.
The two sides are now exploring the possibility of establishing partnerships in joint ventures in India for some important parts of arms.
Modi ’ s visit to Russia, while surprising to the West, was of great importance to India in pushing forward its relations with Russia.
* Chairman of the Centre for Islamic Studies, New Delhi

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

India seeks to resolve the conflict through dialogue and has maintained neutrality, abstaining from UN votes against Russia.

How did India react to the war between Russia and Ukraine?

India did not join the Western sanctions against Russia

India did not directly oppose Russia's actions

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

India and Russia maintain a "special and privileged strategic partnership" under Modi and Putin.

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Content: Putin ’ s visit to India focuses on military and energy cooperation | Deutsche Welle introduces Germany from Germany | DW | 06.12.2021
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The political climate of the times
Putin's visit to India focuses on military and energy cooperation
Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived in New Delhi on Monday to seek to strengthen military and energy cooperation with his traditional ally.
The trip is Putin's second foreign visit since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic.
India has also been "courted" by Washington.
On November 13, 2019, Modi and Putin met at the BRICS Summit in Brazil.
In response to a rising China, Washington has recently established a quadrilateral security dialogue with India, Japan and Australia, raising concerns in Beijing and Moscow.
During the Cold War, India had close ties with the Soviet Union.
The relationship has always existed, and New Delhi calls it a “special and privileged strategic partnership ”.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi told Putin at a video summit in September that "India-Russia friendship has stood the test of time... You have always been a great friend of India."
The visit is Putin's second overseas visit since the outbreak of the pandemic.
In June, after a summit in Geneva with US President Joe Biden, he did not attend the G20 and COP26 summits.
Nandan Unnikrishnan of the Observer Research Foundation, a think-tank in New Delhi, called the trip “symbolic. ”
"There has been a lot of speculation about the nature of India-Russia relations and whether this relationship has been fractured by the close relations between Russia and China and between India and the United States, and this visit has put an end to all these speculations," he said.
However, Putin still has to deal with the complex regional situation.
Relations between New Delhi and Beijing, a traditional ally of Moscow, have been strained following bloodshed in the disputed Himalayan region.
Tatiana Belousova, of Om Prakash Jindal Global University in Haryana, said, “Russia ’ s influence in the region is very limited.
This is mainly because it has close ties with China and is unwilling to act contrary to China's regional interests. "
September 2021 BRICS Video Summit
Defence and energy
The Kremlin said last week that the Russia-India summit would focus on defense and energy issues.
As the negotiations involved "several important energy agreements", Russian energy giant Rosneft boss Igor Sechin also attended the summit.
Russia has long been a major arms supplier to India.
India is committed to modernizing its armed forces, and one of the most high-profile India-Russia military contracts is the S-400 long-range surface-to-air missile defense system.
The deal, worth more than $5 billion, was signed in 2018.
The delivery of the weapon system is reported to have begun.
However, the arms deal has the potential to upend bilateral relations between New Delhi and Washington, which have grown rapidly in recent years.
The United States has threatened to impose sanctions under the Sanctions Against American Adversaries Act (CAATSA), which aims to deter Russia.
The State Department said last week that no decision had been made on granting India an exemption.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters on Monday that Indian friends had made it clear to the Russian side that India is a sovereign state and that it is up to itself to decide whose weapons to buy and who can become India's partner.
New Delhi has long sought to diversify its military imports.
However, analysts pointed out that it will take some time to get rid of Russia.
Unok Richenan said that given the "unabated" tension with Pakistan, military equipment is of "vital importance" to India and "to ensure this, it will do its best to get what it needs."
India is also focusing on expanding its own arms manufacturing capabilities.
Recently, the country has established a joint venture with Russia to produce AK-203 assault rifles.
The annual bilateral summit has been the practice of India and Russia.
However, the last time the two leaders met was during the BRICS summit in Brazil in 2019.
In a statement last month, India's Foreign Ministry said that at this week's summit, the two countries "leaders will assess the current status and prospects of bilateral relations and discuss ways to further strengthen the strategic partnership between the two countries."
Prior to Putin's arrival on Monday, the foreign and defense ministers of the two countries had held preliminary talks.
Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh tweeted that the two sides had signed a number of agreements and contracts on small arms and military cooperation.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Moscow and New Delhi held "consistent or almost identical positions" on the most important global issues and security issues.
(AFP)
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DW.COM

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

India's rivalry with China has impacted its relationship with Russia, which provides diplomatic and military technology support.

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

What has negatively affected India/ Russia current relationship?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

China's growing influence has limited Russia's, prompting India to balance its relationships with both.

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

Why is maintaining a relationship with Russia important for India?

India's reduced reliance on Russian defense supplies may impact India-Russia cooperation and the regional balance of power.

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

The Ukraine conflict poses challenges to India-Russia defense cooperation, but their strategic interests will likely preserve the relationship.

How did India react to the war between Russia and Ukraine?

India did not directly oppose Russia's actions

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

What do Putin and Modi officially characterize Russia/ India relationship as?

India's military is largely equipped with Russian hardware, a concern for China.

Title:

Content: It is more characteristic of Russia and China than communism.
They have the same enemies and ambitions.
Text Size:
R.In the United States and China there is a hatred not only of communism, but also of a universal order based on common law.
They have a common past since 1715, when Russia became the first country to open an embassy in China.
It was the Russian Orthodox mission in Beijing that paved the way for closer cooperation between the two countries.
This mission has turned into a real embassy – the only company in China in almost a century.
The task of proselytism was a harbinger of Russia ’ s conquest of Manchuria and Mongolia.
As an imperial power, Russia was at the forefront as China fell significantly in the 1860s.
During this period, China turned to Russia for help to counter threats from other imperialist powers seeking access to former lucrative trading ports.
In return, Russia extracted flesh from its pound and acquired more than 350,000 square miles of Chinese territory.
This includes the strategic Pacific port city of Vladivostok, the entry point to the Sea of Japan.
Modern China wants to avenge the pain of its “century of humiliation ” and“ regain ” part of its history from its neighbors.
But this desire does not apply to Russia, much less by using its pattern of intimidation and aggression.
This is due to the fact that Moscow ’ s involvement in Beijing ’ s strategy is different and more important than a specific area.
As China found new partners and attracted U.S. allies, the “X Factor ” made its alternative power more destructive and effective.
China has decided to cooperate with Moscow, one of America ’ s oldest enemies.
Today ’ s Russia may be a clear shadow of its strong past, but it continues to be a center of technological and military power with strategic potential and deep penetration into key regions of Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
The desire to join forces to create a Moscow anti-American front is an additional bonus.
As global reorganization in Asia and the Middle East begins to take shape, it is time for the world to become bipolar, and it is time for comrades Jinping and Putin to unite.
Viewing Russia and China as a new axis of evil is not yet the beginning of why
The two communist countries have come a long way from the border issue in 1969, which led to the freezing of relations until 1985.
Since then, relations between Moscow and Beijing have developed and improved since the signing of a friendship agreement in 2001.
A Russia-China alliance could potentially change the status quo.
Both Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin knew this, deepening their partnership in the hope that they would play in the Middle East and the Indo-Pacific.
“We are not revolutionaries ”: the last Liberal Party of Russia had no illusions
Military cooperation was an important part of the coordination between China and Russia because they wanted to deepen their engagement and serve their joint relationship.
Since 2005, Moscow and Beijing regularly hold large-scale combat games and train each other ’ s players.
As for China, Russia ’ s knowledge of the possibility of building ground capabilities is important because its military ignores military experience after the Vietnam War of 1979.
The military experience of Russia in Syria and Libya is important for the PLA, which has not entered the battlefield for four decades.
Although past experience with Russian technology has been illegally copied, both sides have sought to deepen their cooperation in advanced military technology after signing several years of agreements.
As the strategic convergence of Xi Jinping ’ s and Vladimir Putin ’ s geopolitical goals increased, there were opportunities for missiles and nuclear weapons.
An important area of mutual interest between the two countries, Moscow and Beijing, is the development of an advanced ballistic missile early warning system to counter the possibility of theft of the American missile system.
The possible integration of the missile launch detection system between China and Russia means that any movement of American missiles in the Pacific or the Middle East will be immediately detected by the radar systems of the two allies.
Secret military information, which takes place only between NATO allies, was created to blunt US defense products.
Instead of Shanghai cutting the distance to U.S. cities by two-thirds, China ’ s nuclear arsenal has been deployed in the Arctic, another opportunity to avoid security-related dangers.
This means that Chinese intercontinental ballistic missiles may take very little time to reach U.S. cities, and any movement of U.S. missiles will be immediately spotted by the Joint Early Warning Missile System.
Underground discovery of Dostoevsky in a letter | St. Francis
Read more: Mao of the 21st century in China; Stalin of the 21st century in Russia
In the Middle East, China and Russia, extensive military exercises with Iran in 2019 laid the groundwork for possible cooperation between the three countries to change the security situation in the region.
Russia ’ s deep presence in the Middle East and its proxy network that will allow it to influence the region have become important to China ’ s geostrategic ambitions.
China, Russia and Iran have joined forces in the security calculations of Washington and its allies.
The Beijing-Tehran-Moscow security agreements have directly affected New Delhi ’ s long-standing and regime-independent relations with both Russia and Iran, the result of which is highly desirable for China.
India ’ s relations with Iran and Russia, despite their broad economic partnership, were to become closer to security with China.
For Beijing, this is an ideal situation, as it affects New Delhi ’ s traditional relationship with Moscow and dulls its diplomatic preferences.
But according to a report by the Stimpson Center, since 86 percent of India ’ s military equipment is Russian, China wanted to strike at India ’ s military potential.
Indo-Iranian relations have been hit by US sanctions that have hit New Delhi ’ s oil purchases and the planned construction of a port in Sabah.
The trilateral partnership between China, Russia and Iran has strengthened the geostrategic interests of the three countries.
As for Russia, it has further consolidated its influence in the Middle East, which has expanded from Syria to Turkey.
As for China, it has secured deeper ties in the region, making it a potential adversary of U.S. interests.
As for Iran, it has provided an opportunity to establish itself as a multinational country.
The 2019 Gulf of Oman exercise shows that the existing equation of power in the Middle East is vulnerable to counteraction.
When Beijing backed the Russian-backed Assad regime, it not only disapproved of the efforts of Western powers, but also demonstrated its ability to unite with China and Russia.
Read more: Ladakh shows that Russia does not choose between India and China.
I don't want that.
In the Indo-Pacific region, the Russia-China alliance has also created a “balancing ” role, sending a powerful signal to the four democracies in the four-step mechanism.
Against the background of loud calls for the Quartet to take additional measures against the hegemonic actions of China, Beijing and Moscow for the first time made a joint flight to the SCS.
In July 2019, the Russian A-50 long-range radar detection and control reconnaissance aircraft twice flew over South Korean airspace over the Tokyo Islands along with Chinese and Russian bombers.
Since South Korea and Japan claimed the islands, both countries responded with jet aircraft.
This exercise is a show of strength for the four members of the Quartet regarding the implications of integrating geopolitical priorities between Beijing and Moscow.
READ Meeting of chess players from Russia and Cuba in a friendly match (+ photo) - Brenza Latin
The announcement of Russia ’ s naval base in Port Sudan in the Red Sea, China ’ s efforts to increase its naval presence in the IOR.
Its goal is to create a strong barrier to the efforts of Indo-Pacific democracies in the region.
The opportunities for the China-Russia partnership and its enormous impact on the world are numerous.
The two countries expect multilateral Sino-Russian strategic cooperation, from cooperation in space to synchronizing military equipment and supporting each other in case of aggression or violation of international rules.
As part of this great understanding, in 2017, the two sides decided to sign a multi-year agreement, leaving the tradition of annual contracts.
Although the Sino-Russian alliance has many points of friction, including the personal rivalry between the two leaders; this indicates the direction in which the world is moving and the intensification of bipolarity.
For both Moscow and Tehran, a close warm-up with Beijing limited the range of their diplomatic capabilities with New Delhi, which had an undesirable effect.
But this is the geopolitical reality of China ’ s attempts to create a parallel axis of like-minded countries to undermine the liberal order.
This section is written “Shores off: how to confront the world to confront China ”
It is published with the permission of the author.
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In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

Why is maintaining a relationship with India important for Russia?

India gets 60% of its defense equipment from Russia, and Russia's Ukraine invasion has disrupted Indian arms supplies.

Title:

Content: Skip to Content

India unsure of Russian arms to meet China, Pakistan threats

By ASHOK SHARMA
Associated Press

NEW DELHI (AP) — India is bracing for a disruption in Russian arms supplies following Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s tightrope walk between Moscow and Washington could become more difficult due to a border standoff with China. Up to 60% of Indian defense equipment comes from Russia. Modi has so far avoided voting against Russia at the United Nations or criticizing Russian President Vladimir Putin for invading Ukraine. Beijing could pressure Moscow to downgrade its ties with India. President Joe Biden has publicly spoken about unresolved differences with India over the Ukraine issue, but he is building ties with New Delhi under the Indo-Pacific security alliance known as “the Quad” that also includes Japan and Australia.

Associated Press

Skip to content

How has Russia/ India arms trade evolved since the start of the war in Ukraine?

In what fields are India and Russia cooperating?

The Ukraine war and Western sanctions have increased Russia's dependence on China and weakened its defense production.

China's security agreements and Russia's Ukraine invasion have strained India's relations with Iran and Russia.

Title:

Content: The December 9 skirmish on the China-India border, which caused injuries to some 40 Indian and Chinese soldiers, could trigger a sea change in India’s attitude toward dealing with China.

It comes two years after a similar border clash without firearms that left 20 Indians and four Chinese dead, and proves that more than 24 months of diplomacy didn’t turn the situation around.

Moreover, the latest skirmish occurred while the first US-India joint military exercises were underway.

The clash occurred in the Tawang sector, in India’s northeastern territory of Arunachal Pradesh, a region bordering southwest China. China and India together have some 40% of the global population, and both have nuclear arsenals.

In recent years, India has been inching closer to the US, joining the Quad, a four-party alliance with Japan and Australia, and improving security ties with Vietnam, historically hostile to China.

Still, New Delhi so far has never given up its old ties with Moscow, which in turn had good connections with Beijing. This triangular relationship and the Indian effort to forge its own diplomacy kept many doors open with China and stopped short of full-fledged cooperation with America.

India has been downplaying the recent loss of disputed land at the border, reportedly accounting for some 900 square kilometers.

China has been reportedly occupying and fortifying some disputed areas, which previously were routinely peacefully patrolled by both countries.

It appears to be a sign China is expecting and preparing for an escalation of border tensions and thus wants to secure the best positions.

Moreover, China has developed roads and railways linking the disputed area’s logistics to its industrial heartland, and it has upgraded tanks and trucks to operate at high altitudes. India is lagging behind on both fronts. India has much weaker logistics lines to the frontline and little to no high-altitude mechanized gear.

Russia’s ill-fated invasion of Ukraine weakened the trilateral relationship, as Russia appears no longer as strong as a year ago; the new skirmish could bring further damage.

The Indians also feel surrounded by the Chinese at sea. Beijing has built, or is building, naval facilities in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Djibouti.

By 2027, it is planning on having seven aircraft carrier groups, with the apparent aim of securing the shipping routes from Africa to China through the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. New Delhi considers that its area of influence.

The US is suggesting India develop a new submarine fleet that could disrupt future Chinese sea lanes across its waters.

Plus, there are China’s old ties with Pakistan, which fought five wars with India and has an open controversy on Kashmir. There is also Chinese intervention in Sri Lanka and Myanmar’s politics, both formerly part of the English Indian empire and with close ties to New Delhi.

Finally, India is not happy with bilateral trade. It complains China is interested only in Indian raw materials and doesn’t import India’s sophisticated software or medical supplies to suppress India’s industrial development in those areas and boost China’s.

At a recent conference, Vijay Gokhale, India’s ex-national security advisor and a great expert on China, argued that India “should be more transparent and credible in its political signaling, that it needs to pursue risk management at a higher politico-strategic level to prevent an escalation of tension, and that it must find common ground for a discussion of respective interests and concerns in the context of the Indo-Pacific region, which is becoming crucial to both countries.”

But Gokhale also stressed that “China might need to revisit its assumption that an Indian response to its military coercion will remain indefinitely low.”

China is allegedly trying to de-escalate the incident, and no major flare-up should be expected in the near future. But the consistent accumulation of elements of tension plus the weakening of the Russian side of the triangle could create an ominous momentum between the two.

Here either China redresses all its policies about India, India accepts being one of China’s junior partners, or tensions will start to flare in one area or another.

This essay first appeared on Settimana News and is republished with permission. The original article can be read here.

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