Quantum computing is a rapidly advancing field with significant global investments.

The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

IBM, Google, and Microsoft are investing heavily in quantum computing, with IBM aiming for a 4,000-plus qubit machine by 2025.

Google's Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy, completing a calculation in 200 seconds that would take a classical computer 10,000 years.

IBM achieved quantum supremacy with its 127-qubit Eagle processor and plans a 1,121-qubit Condor chip by 2023.

China has invested $15.3 billion in quantum computing, achieving quantum supremacy with the Zuchongzhi processor.

The US and UK have committed $1.8 billion and £2.5 billion, respectively, to quantum research.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in logistics, energy, and healthcare, with applications in drug discovery and climate modeling.

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

Quantum computing development is expected to continue with advancements in qubit count, quantum volume, and error correction.

Quantum computing faces challenges like qubit stability and scalability that researchers and companies are addressing.

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields and industries, with significant investments being made to advance it.

Canada is investing in quantum computing research to develop a strong quantum ecosystem.

Canada has launched a National Quantum Strategy with a $360 million investment.

India has launched a National Quantum Mission with a ₹6,003 crore budget to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers.

The quantum computing market is expected to grow 36.89% CAGR from 2022 to 2032, driven by applications like drug discovery and financial modeling.

Quantum computers can solve problems that classical computers cannot and have potential applications in molecular simulation, traffic management, and machine learning.

Quantum computing requires significant investment and faces challenges like qubit instability and scalability.

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields and industries, with significant advancements being made.

The Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market is expected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at 35.5% CAGR.

Major cloud-based quantum computing vendors include Accenture, AWS, Baidu, and IBM.

The research and academia segment is expected to hold the largest market share, dominated by North America.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in fields like chemistry and materials science, with applications in drug discovery and financial modeling.

Terra Quantum is collaborating with NVIDIA to develop hybrid quantum algorithms and has a large library of them.

China is investing $9.7 billion in quantum technology.

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in fields like logistics, energy, and healthcare.

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in biomedicine to mimic molecule behavior and develop new drugs.

Quantum computers can solve optimization problems and speed up information transmission, with potential applications in finance and logistics.

Google's Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy, completing a 10,000-year task in 200 seconds, and is now commercially available.

IBM, Google, and Honeywell offer commercially available quantum computers.

Finland is investing in quantum computing research, focusing on superconducting qubits and new components and algorithms.

The QuTI project develops quantum computing components and algorithms through multidisciplinary research.

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in cryptography, where it can solve problems faster through parallel processing.

Quantum computing can lead to breakthroughs in climate modeling, logistics, transportation, and energy.

The Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing received $18 million in NSF funding to develop materials for scaling up quantum computers.

The center will engage with local startups and involve over 200 undergraduates and 10 graduate students to commercialize novel materials.

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields and industries, with significant investments being made to advance it.

Quantum computing has potential to solve complex problems in fields like chemistry, materials science, and optimization.

Quantum computing development is expected to continue with advancements in qubit count, quantum volume, and error correction.

Quantum computing faces challenges like qubit stability and scalability that researchers and companies are addressing.

The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in logistics, energy, and healthcare, with applications in drug discovery and climate modeling.

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

The Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market is expected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at 35.5% CAGR.

Major cloud-based quantum computing vendors include Accenture, AWS, Baidu, and IBM.

The research and academia segment is expected to hold the largest market share, dominated by North America.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in fields like chemistry and materials science, with applications in drug discovery and financial modeling.

Terra Quantum is collaborating with NVIDIA to develop hybrid quantum algorithms and has a large library of them.

China is investing $9.7 billion in quantum technology.

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in logistics, energy, and healthcare, with applications in drug discovery and climate modeling.

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in biomedicine to mimic molecule behavior and develop new drugs.

Quantum computers can solve optimization problems and speed up information transmission, with potential applications in finance and logistics.

Google's Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy, completing a 10,000-year task in 200 seconds, and is now commercially available.

IBM, Google, and Honeywell offer commercially available quantum computers.

Finland is investing in quantum computing research, focusing on superconducting qubits and new components and algorithms.

The QuTI project

Quantum computing is a rapidly advancing field with significant global investments.

Title:

Content: Quantum Computing Market was valued at nearly USD 234.06 billion by 2032

Prudour Private Limited

Updated · Mar 06, 2023

Quantum Computing Market Overview

Published Via 11Press: Quantum computing is a rapidly developing market that is revolutionizing how we approach computing and data processing. By employing principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations, quantum computers are capable of solving problems that classical computers may find impossible or impracticable to resolve.

The global quantum computing market size is forecast to reach USD 234.06 billion by 2032 from USD 10.13 billion in 2022, rising at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 36.89% during the forecast period.

At present, the quantum computing market is dominated by a few major players such as IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell. These firms are investing heavily in quantum computing research and development as well as creating quantum computing hardware and software systems.

The quantum computing market is expected to have a profound effect on industries such as healthcare, finance, logistics, and energy. Some key applications of quantum computing include drug discovery, supply chain optimization, financial modeling, and climate modeling.

Though the quantum computing market is promising, it still faces several obstacles such as high costs of hardware, a shortage of skilled experts in this area, and technical difficulties when building large-scale quantum computers. With ongoing research and development efforts, however, these problems should be overcome within the coming years, leading to even greater growth and innovation in this space.

Key Takeaways

  • The global quantum computing market size was valued at USD 234.06 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 36.89% from 2022 to 2032.
  • Quantum computing is capable of solving problems that would be intractable or impossible for classical computers to solve.
  • The quantum computing market is dominated by a few major players, including IBM, Google, Microsoft and Honeywell.
  • The quantum computing market is expected to have a profound effect on numerous industries, such as healthcare, finance, logistics and energy.
  • Quantum computing has many important applications such as drug discovery, supply chain optimization, financial modeling and climate modeling.
  • The quantum computing market remains plagued by several obstacles, such as the high cost of quantum computing hardware, lack of qualified quantum computing experts and technical difficulties in building and running large-scale quantum computing systems.
  • Research and development are expected to overcome these obstacles within the next couple of years, propelling even greater growth and innovation in the quantum computing market.

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Regional Snapshot

  • North America: North America is currently the leading market for quantum computing, with the United States playing a major role. Major companies such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft are driving this growth through their presence and investment in research and development activities related to quantum computing. This region boasts numerous key players such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft which are driving demand within this region.
  • Europe: Europe is an increasingly important market for quantum computing, with countries such as the UK, Germany, and France investing heavily in research and development. Through partnerships between quantum computing companies and other technology firms as well as the growing adoption of quantum computing across various industries, this region’s market is experiencing rapid expansion.
  • Asia Pacific: The quantum computing market in Asia Pacific is expected to experience significant growth over the coming years due to increased investments in research and development by countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. Furthermore, there have been an increasing number of collaborations between companies using quantum computing with academic institutions as well as its increasing adoption across industries like healthcare and finance – all contributing factors for market expansion within this region.
  • The Rest of the World: Countries such as Brazil, South Africa, and the UAE are expected to experience significant growth in the quantum computing market over the coming years due to increased investments in research and development efforts as well as the growing adoption of quantum computing across various industries. These factors are fueling this region’s meteoric rise in this region.

Drivers

  • Quantum Computing Gaining Adoption in Various Industries: Quantum computing is seeing an uptick in popularity across a range of industries, such as healthcare, finance, logistics, and energy – as companies seek to use their power to solve complex problems and gain an edge in competition.
  • Investments in Quantum Computing Research and Development: Governments, academic institutions, and private companies have made substantial investments in quantum computing research and development, spurring innovation and progress within the field.
  • Growing Number of Partnerships and Collaborations: There has been an uptick in partnerships and collaborations between quantum computing companies and other technology firms, as well as academic institutions and research organizations. This trend is propelling the development of new quantum computing hardware and software systems, as well as its adoption across various industries.
  • Increasing Access to Cloud-Based Quantum Computing Services: The growing availability of cloud-based quantum computing services is making it simpler for companies and researchers to utilize this cutting-edge technology, spurring adoption and innovation within the field.

Restraints

  • Limited Access to Qualified Quantum Computing Experts: Unfortunately, there is currently a shortage of highly experienced quantum computing specialists, making it challenging for companies to construct and sustain quantum computing systems.
  • Technical Challenges in Building and Maintaining Large-Scale Quantum Computing Systems: The development of large-scale quantum computing systems is still in its early stages, so there are numerous technical obstacles that must be overcome, such as noise reduction, error correction, and scalability.
  • Limited Quantum Computing Applications: Although the list of potential applications for quantum computing is growing, the number of practical ones that have been developed and implemented remains limited. This can make it challenging for companies to justify investing in quantum computing technology.
  • Regulatory Challenges: Quantum computing technology may face regulatory restrictions, particularly around data privacy and security. This could create additional obstacles to the adoption and investment in the technology.

Opportunities

  • Growing Number of Partnerships and Collaborations: The growing number of partnerships and collaborations among quantum computing companies, other technology firms, academic institutions, and research organizations is creating opportunities for the development of new quantum computing hardware and software systems as well as its adoption across various industries.
  • Advancements in Quantum Computing Hardware and Software: With the rapid progress being made in the development of quantum computing hardware and software, new opportunities will present themselves for applying this technology across various industries and fields.
  • The growing availability of cloud-based quantum computing services: Cloud-based quantum computing services are making it simpler for companies and researchers to access and utilize quantum computing technology, spurring adoption and innovation within the field.
  • Growth of Quantum Computing as a Service: As more companies and researchers embrace the potential of quantum computing, cloud-based quantum computing services are creating exciting new business opportunities for those offering these solutions.
  • Potential for Breakthroughs in Areas such as Drug Discovery, Finance, and Energy: Quantum computing holds the potential to unravel complex issues in fields like drug discovery, finance, and energy – leading to major breakthroughs and advances. This presents companies with unique opportunities for those who can develop and implement quantum computing solutions in these sectors.

Challenges

  • Technical Challenges in Constructing and Running Large Quantum Computing Systems: As quantum computing systems continue to emerge, numerous technical obstacles must be overcome such as noise reduction, error correction, and scalability. These issues make it challenging for companies to construct and run these massive quantum computers efficiently.
  • Limited Access to Qualified Quantum Computing Experts: There is currently a shortage of highly experienced quantum computing professionals, making it difficult for companies to construct and maintain quantum computing systems. This shortage could potentially restrict the growth of this industry in the coming years.
  • Quantum computing Applications: While quantum computing has many potential uses, the number of practical applications that have been created and implemented remains limited. This could make investing in quantum computing technology and research on practical applications an attractive prospect.

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Recent Developments

  • Google Claims Quantum Supremacy: In 2019, Google claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy by performing a calculation on its quantum computer that even the most powerful supercomputers would take thousands of years to complete. This was seen as an important milestone in the advancement of quantum computing technology.
  • IBM Launches Quantum Computing Program for Students: In 2020, IBM unveiled a quantum computing program specifically tailored towards students that provides them with access to IBM’s resources and tools, as well as a platform for learning and collaboration.
  • Honeywell Achieves Quantum Computer Record Performance: On March 20, 2021, Honeywell revealed its creation of a quantum computer with an astonishing quantum volume of 512. This feat marked an amazing advancement in quantum computing technology and demonstrated how rapidly progress has been made since then.
  • Amazon Web Services Announces Quantum Computing Service: On June 2021, Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced the launch of its own quantum computing service called Amazon Bracket. This offering gives customers access to various vendors’ hardware as well as tools and resources for developing and testing quantum algorithms.

Key Market Segments

Type

  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Services

Application

  • Defense
  • Healthcare & pharmaceuticals
  • Chemicals
  • Banking & Finance
  • Energy & power

Key Market Players

  • D-Wave Systems
  • Google
  • IBM
  • Intel
  • Microsoft
  • 1QB Information Technologies
  • Anyon Systems
  • Cambridge Quantum Computing
  • ID Quantique
  • IonQ
  • QbitLogic
  • QC Ware
  • Quantum Circuits
  • Qubitekk
  • QxBranch
  • Rigetti Computing

Nature Insights

  • Progress is being made in the development of quantum computing hardware: Despite the challenges facing large-scale quantum computing systems, progress is being made on quantum computing hardware. This includes creating quantum processors with increasingly more qubits and creating new materials suitable for use in quantum computers.
  • Quantum computing software is still in its early stages: While progress is being made with quantum computing hardware, software development for quantum computation remains at a standstill. This presents an immense challenge to the industry as developing efficient quantum algorithms is essential to realizing its full potential.
  • Collaboration is essential to the advancement of quantum computing: Collaboration between companies, academic institutions, and research organizations is essential for progress in this industry. This includes joint efforts to develop new hardware and software systems as well as collaborations that promote quantum computing across various industries.

Report Scope

Report Attribute Details
The market size value in 2022 USD 10.13 Bn
Revenue forecast by 2032 USD 234.6 Bn
Growth Rate CAGR Of 36.89%
Regions Covered North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa, and the Rest of the World
Historical Years 2017-2022
Base Year 2022
Estimated Year 2023
Short-Term Projection Year 2028
Long-Term Projected Year 2032

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FAQ.

What is quantum computing?

Quantum computing is a type of processing data using quantum mechanics. It relies on principles such as superposition, entanglement, and interference which enable quantum computers to perform calculations that would be impossible with classical computers.

What are some potential applications of quantum computing?

Quantum computing holds great promise for revolutionizing industries such as drug discovery, finance, energy, and logistics. Potential uses include creating new drugs and materials, optimizing supply chains and logistics networks, and even improving weather forecasting models with greater precision.

What are some of the challenges facing the quantum computing market?

The quantum computing market faces numerous obstacles, such as technical difficulties in building and running large-scale quantum computers, high costs associated with quantum computing hardware, a scarcity of highly qualified quantum experts, and an absence of practical applications developed and deployed.

Who are some of the major players in the quantum computing market?

Major companies operating within this space include IBM, Google, Microsoft, Honeywell, Intel, and Rigetti Computing. These firms are actively developing and commercializing quantum computing hardware and software systems.

What is the outlook for the quantum computing market?

Overall, analysts anticipate a bright future for quantum computing, with continued investment and innovation anticipated in the coming years. Though still in its early stages of development, its potential advantages are immense - leading to rapid industry growth over the coming years.

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How large are global investments in quantum computing?

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

Europe invested $8.4 B
China invested $15.3B
U.S. invested $3.7 B

The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

IBM, Google, and Microsoft are investing heavily in quantum computing, with IBM aiming for a 4,000-plus qubit machine by 2025.

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Content: We are excited to bring Transform 2022 back in-person July 19 and virtually July 20 - 28. Join AI and data leaders for insightful talks and exciting networking opportunities. Register today!

IBM today updated its existing quantum computing roadmap, foreseeing a 4,000-plus qubit machine by 2025. Included in its plan is orchestration for more potent combinations of classical and quantum resources.

Such combinations, which comprise what may be called “quantum-centric supercomputing,” will place the new quantum crew more firmly in the world of high-performance computing, where technologists tackle some of humankind’s most pressing challenges.

IBM said it expects to deliver in 2023 software tooling that allows developers to run jobs that help them tap into both quantum and classical computing resources. IBM said it sees no letup in the steady advance of quantum scaling.

The company uses the term “Serverless Quantum” to describe an architecture that deploys infrastructure that assigns work to processors of either the classical or quantum variety.

“Serverless Quantum is part of getting the world ready for quantum-centric supercomputing,” according to Jerry Chow, IBM fellow and director of quantum infrastructure. He likened the effect to today’s elastic computing methods, “in the sense that you have computing resources on demand.”

Speaking with VentureBeat, Chow said the idea is that parts of problems can be handled by either classical CPUs, GPUs or non-classical QPUs, or quantum processing units. This is enabled by a common service layer that efficiently orchestrates, or arranges, workload assignments.

Better hardware and software methods for interchip communications is also important in this quantum quest, Chow indicated as he discussed future plans for quantum “circuit knitting.”

“That’s where you can take larger problems,” he said, “and find ways to break them down into small-order quantum circuits, and knit or take all the results and put them back together.”

The problems imagined are manifold, and some appear especially pressing.

Simulating nature with quantum systems, for example, is seen as a path to efficiencies that could drive substantial environmental, social and governance improvements.

Also, world governments are now seen in a race to succeed in quantum computing, as quantum systems could crack long standing cryptographic coding practices. Viewers suggest adversary governments are gathering encrypted data now, to process when quantum breakthroughs occur.

Sticking to their circuit knitting

IBM has indicated Serverless Quantum capabilities in its Qiskit Runtime software, including circuit knitting, will support distribution of parallelizable work in 2023. As well, improvements in error mitigation and suppression are expected to improve quality of quantum results, the company said. These are due for Qisket as part of the roadmap in 2024 and 2025.

The bird is the word when it comes to code names for IBM quantum processors. Last year, IBM released a 127-qubit Eagle processor to be followed this year by Osprey, a 433-qubit unit. An increasingly powerful flock of IBM qubit processors will follow. IBM’s roadmap anticipates: a 133-qubit Heron processor to appear in 2023; a 462-qubit Flamingo processor in 2024; and the 4,158-qubit Kookaburra device in 2025.

While Heron’s qubit count may look like a step back, it’s important to IBM’s overall plans to knit clusters of qubit processors together. That is vital to IBM’s assertions of continued scalability.

“What’s exciting about Heron is that it is defined in such a way that they’re going to be classically controllable [via] the same control hardware infrastructure. So what that means is effectively, we’re going to have quantum computing with classical communication and classical parallelization,” said Chow, who is expected to further detail IBM’s  quantum roadmap this week at the Inside Quantum Technology Conference 2022 in San Diego, Calif.

Quantum timelines

Timelines for quantum computing have been closely watched since qubits first emerged from the lab as part of physics experiments. A common joke holds that today, just as at the turn of the century, “quantum computing is five to ten years away.”

But IBM’s timelines for quantum computing have usually been realistic, according to Brian Hopkins, analyst, Forrester Research.

“IBM has the most detailed roadmap of any of the full stack quantum computing vendors I cover,” he told VentureBeat via email. “Furthermore, they are establishing credibility with the market by completing roadmap milestones per their plan.”

That gives Forrester’s Hopkins confidence in IBM’s 4,000-plus qubit projections, although he emphasizes that IBM is still refraining from any meaningful prediction on when its computers and software will be able to demonstrate advantage – in the form of a positive ROI — for any problem domain.

Hopkins goes on to say this is valuable, in that the company will have greater credibility when it does prove such an advantage.

“Even when we hit advantage for one problem area, it will still be many years before quantum computers are scalable and powerful enough to be applicable to the many areas where we see potential,” he said.

We love qubits – but….

Skepticism of quantum computing timelines is not likely to abate, but elements of IBM’s new timeline suggest the technology may be moving forward faster than some skeptics thought.

While “qubit counts” will get the headlines here and elsewhere, the technology advances that surround qubit research bear closer watching, as do hybrids that match classical and quantum computing to different parts of problems.

“We love qubits – but the exact number is not as important as [the fact] that we have defined the path for the technology to keep scaling,” said Chow.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy, completing a calculation in 200 seconds that would take a classical computer 10,000 years.

Title:

Content: Chandeliers, ‘qubits’ and Schrödinger’s cat: Inside the bizarre world of quantum computing

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Explainer

Chandeliers, ‘qubits’ and Schrödinger’s cat: Inside the bizarre world of quantum computing

In the quantum realm, the laws of physics are different. Now its mind-bending tech could soon transform our lives. How does it work?

It was 2009, and a group of scientists had crowded around a tiny monitor in a Sydney physics laboratory. The team, led by electrical engineer Andrea Morello, held their collective breath and peered at a single flat line on the screen. Then, in the blink of an eye, the line changed: it was a series of blips, like a heartbeat. They’d hit paydirt. “When you see that symbol, you’re in the game,” recalls physicist Charles Tahan.

Welcome to the quantum world, a subatomic realm – yes, smaller than an atom – where the laws of physics are, well, different. The experiment made Morello and his team the first in the world to show that a quantum computer could be made using not diamonds, not the superconductor niobium, but everyday silicon. “To show you could do that, 100 different things had to go right,” says Tahan.

Quantum computing is one of the key technologies defining this century. Its proponents say it will do for computers what the car did to the horse and buggy. It will upend encryption and molecular biology. In theory, it could even possibly find cures for cancer. Australia is among the world leaders in a quantum computing gold rush, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese saying his government is “serious about building a strong quantum ecosystem” and investing nearly a billion dollars.

Yet despite eye-watering outlays worldwide, quantum computing is still in its infancy, part of a mind-bending world that physicists are only beginning to fully grasp. What is it? And how will it make a difference to our lives?

How does a quantum computer work (and why did Alice in Wonderland have the jump on it?)

It’s often remarked that it looks like a beautiful chandelier, or a wedding cake. And IBM’s quantum computer, one of the world’s largest, is certainly an intriguing object, an intricate dome of golden wires and graceful tubes suspended from a ceiling.

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The part we can see, though, is really just the control and support system for a microchip (currently a version called Condor) buried deep inside. The glittering exoskeleton is there to keep its tiny heart as cold as possible – a hundred times colder than the coldest depths of space – and to feed information in and out, the process that makes it a “computer” and not just a science experiment.

The chip itself is smaller than a postage stamp, with several layers of circuitry and metal sandwiched in a tiny square, cooled to improve conductivity and to eliminate “noise”, the bugbear of many such devices. But even what we see here is not where the action happens. For that, we have to go deeper still, down into the chip and well beyond what’s visible through even the most powerful microscope, beyond the layers of individual atoms, into the atoms themselves.

‘The truth is the universe doesn’t run by the rules that we see every day – gravity, you bounce a ball and it falls. It runs on these other rules: quantum mechanics.’

In the subatomic realm of electrons, protons and photons, things happen very differently. Indeed, these tiny particles have no use for Newton’s laws of physics, nor even many of Einstein’s. “The truth,” says Tahan, “is the universe doesn’t run by the rules that we see every day – gravity, you bounce a ball and it falls. It runs on these other rules: quantum mechanics.”

Why these particles behave as they do in the quantum realm is a difficult concept to get your head around. Even Einstein resisted aspects of it, famously arguing that “God does not play dice with the Universe”. It was a misstep. “Because he didn’t believe in the completeness of quantum mechanics,” says Morello, “he lost a lot of productive years because he didn’t understand how it is possible that this thing is true.”

Many leading physicists investigated the concept from the early 1900s, including some familiar from popular culture today, notably Einstein and Neils Bohr (portrayed in Oppenheimer), Werner Heisenberg (whose name Walter White stole for his drug-chemist alter ego in Breaking Bad) and Viennese physicist Erwin Schrödinger, of the famous cat experiment (explained below).

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Lewis Carroll, meanwhile, may have had the jump on quantum physics with his ideas in the Alice books, as James Renner observed in The Wall Street Journal in 2015. “We speak of going down the wormhole into a mysterious world that defies Newtonian physics, where once Alice went down the rabbit hole into a mysterious world that had much the same effect. Now we speak of quantum particles being in two places at once or even Schrödinger’s cat being alive and dead at the same time, long after the Cheshire Cat’s grin was magically displaced from its body.”

The quantum realm has only truly begun to reveal itself to us relatively recently. In 1964, the Irish-born physicist John Bell published one of the most important theorems, which, according to Professor Andrew Whitaker in Physics World, “opened up the possibility of experimental philosophy, the study of what are normally thought of as philosophical issues in experiments. Not only do these experiments probe the deepest and most profound aspects of quantum theory, they also provide information on the fundamental nature of the universe.”

At the time, Bell’s theorem could not be tested in a lab. That would come in the late 1960s and early 1970s when experimentalists such as John Clauser began to show that the weirdness Bell had described on paper actually occurred in the real world. Which, at the time, was considered quite rude. One eminent physicist “was highly offended by my impertinent effort and told me that it was tantamount to professing a disbelief in quantum physics,” Clauser later recalled.

He and other apostates continued their work because he found some of the predictions “sufficiently bizarre that I could not accept them without seeing experimental proof”. Working with leftover lab equipment – “physics department scrap” – he went on to provide experimental evidence that refuted even Einstein’s theories. “I was very sad to see that my own experiment had proven Einstein wrong,” he said. Clauser would go on to win the 2022 Nobel Prize for Physics alongside Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger for their groundbreaking experiments with so-called “entangled” particles.

Quantum physicists still despair at the difficulties of explaining their weird world to outsiders. “Many writers fall back on boilerplate that makes physicists howl in agony,” wrote computer scientist Scott Aaronson in The New York Times in 2019. Unfortunately, says Gerard Milburn, a quantum physicist from the University of Queensland, “The quantum world lies beyond the reach of natural language.”

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But we’ll give it a go. Chiefly, particles in the quantum realm aren’t tied down to being in one place or state in the way bigger things are in the outside world, such as cats, which tend to be in one place at once. They obey different rules entirely. The first way to understand this oddness harks back to high-school science and how light can behave as both a particle and a wave. Photons – bursts of light – can act like ball bearings, with position and momentum. Yet light also behaves like a wave washing over a beach in a way that a ball bearing can’t. That’s a quantum physics party trick.

What is Schrödinger’s cat?

The most famous primer for quantum mechanics is the paradox of Schrödinger’s cat, a mind experiment devised by Schrödinger in 1935. A hypothetical cat goes into a box with a vial of poison gas, which has a 50-50 chance of killing it. You close the box and can’t see inside. So, without opening the box, you can’t know whether the poison has killed the cat or not. Therefore, posited Schrödinger, puss is neither dead nor alive but both – until you open the box.

In quantum mechanics, this state is called “superposition”. It’s impossible to describe properly without a background in higher-level mathematics, which we lack, but it generally means not knowing whether, say, an electron is over here, or over there, or – cat-like – in both places at the same time. Another way of looking at it is to visualise a coin spinning on its side. Until it stops and lands on one side or another, it’s not heads or tails but both.

At least, kind of.

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“Every explanation we give in lay terms is in some way wrong,” says Stephen Bartlett, a theoretical quantum physicist and director of the University of Sydney Nano Institute. “People often say a quantum superposition is in the value zero and the value one at the same time. That’s sort of right, and sort of not right.” Says Morello: “This is where language is failing us, right? If you’re trying to say that in plain English, it sounds really weird. But if you actually think about, you know, the mathematics of it, and the actual physical embodiment of that, it actually makes perfect sense.” Suffice to say, a real cat cannot find itself in “superposition”: this is a state that can exist only in the subatomic world.

How is this useful (and what’s a qubit)?

In a conventional computer, information is encoded as voltages that pass around the system thanks to millions of tiny transistors – essentially, gates or switches that turn on and off. A quantum computer is similar except that instead of using transistors as switches it uses subatomic particles, such as electrons or photons, that can have many more states than simply on or off, according to their position, momentum, spin direction and polarisation. Once harnessed – and there are many ways of doing that – these particles-as-switches are called “qubits”, a play on the word “bit”, the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store.

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Information can be encoded on qubits in various ways: for his computers, Morello uses silicon and strong magnetic fields like those found in MRI machines. “The stuff that I build in my lab is actually a small silicon chip the size of a fingernail,” he says, “but the whole infrastructure around it is quite fancy. It’s a very powerful refrigerator that cools down the chip to [just] above absolute zero.

Critically, qubits can relate to other qubits in a state called “entanglement”. This enables quantum computers to perform multiple calculations simultaneously – which is their superpower. Schrödinger described entanglement as “the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from classical lines of thought”. Sceptical Einstein called entanglement “spooky action at a distance”. Gerard Milburn says entanglement is great for building a computer “because if you want to have all these switches, having them strongly correlated is exactly what you want. And if you can control those correlations, you can do computation.”

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It’s these characteristics that have scientists and engineers excited. Not because quantum computers will necessarily take over from the conventional miracles we so rely on today but because they can do some particular things that transistor-based machines either struggle with or fail at completely. Today’s supercomputer might try to simulate molecular behaviour with “brute force”, says IBM’s quantum department. “But as it moves past the simplest, most straightforward molecules available, the supercomputer stalls. Quantum algorithms take a new approach to these sorts of complex problems, creating multidimensional computational spaces.”

‘Calculations that are completely impossible … would rapidly become possible on a quantum computer.’

This might include modelling how a drug might affect a virus, how new materials in aeroplanes might react to stress, or the exact process necessary to create a perfect chemical reaction.

“Calculations that are completely impossible – not just on present-day conventional computers but any conceivable future conventional computer – would rapidly become possible on a quantum computer,” says Andrew Doherty, professor of physics at Sydney University. “These are things where the application of that computer would be transformative to people’s lives without every home, you know, having a laptop quantum computer.”

Whether quantum computing will also revolutionise artificial intelligence is less certain. AI works by drawing from a huge amount of data, which is not something that naturally fits on a quantum computer, says Morello. “The problem with quantum computers in general and, in particular, with applications to AI is that loading data into them and reading data out of them is slow and cumbersome and prone to errors. It’s a bottleneck.”

Why is it so hard to build quantum machines?

Creating the qubits is hard, whatever material you start with. Interfacing with them via tiny wires like the golden lattice in IBM’s machines is hard. Getting accurate information from them is hard: “noise”, in the form of vibration or spurious electromagnetic signals, makes them behave badly and give poor results – “decoherence”, in physics speak.

Much of Andrew Doherty’s team’s work these days is in figuring out how to reduce this noise to acceptable levels and compensating for the errors that noise produces. “Compared to our conventional computers, quantum technology [computers] are very noisy devices,” he says. “They go wrong one time in 1000 as opposed to one time in an astronomically huge number of uses of [normal computers].”

Teams around the world are working on multiple approaches both to building the machines and compensating for their eccentricities, from labs in Australia to the tech giants Google, Microsoft and IBM – its Quantum Lab relies on superconducting qubits made from aluminium and niobiumand the Chinese government.

Some versions, such as IBM’s and Morello’s, chill the atoms to keep them as stable as possible. In contrast, the Australian company Quantum Brilliance is working with synthetic diamonds because they work at room temperature. “Unlike other materials,” says co-founder Marcus Doherty (no relation to Andrew), “diamond’s incredible hardness means that even at room temperature, there isn’t enough thermal energy in the environment to create vibrations that destroy the quantum properties of qubits.”

‘People are working really hard to try to find different mathematical problems that they think maybe quantum computers can’t crack.’

Another key moment in the quantum timeline came in 1994 when US mathematician Peter Shor showed that a quantum computer could crack encryption standards safeguarding everything from national intelligence systems to bank accounts. “He devised an algorithm, in theory, that he would need to run on a quantum computer,” says Bartlett. “And if you could build a quantum computer of sufficient size, then yeah, all information security falls apart.” Cybersecurity experts call that scenario Q-Day. “At the moment, people are working really hard to try to find different mathematical problems that they think maybe quantum computers can’t crack,” says Bartlett.

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In 2001, IBM made a seven-qubit device controlled through radio frequency pulses to demonstrate Shor’s Theorem. IBM’s prototype wasn’t given a huge task, managing to calculate that three times five was … wait for it ... 15. Yet this was considered a great success, even if it had shades of the famous supercomputer Deep Thought from Douglas Adams’ Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, which ponders the question of “life, the universe and everything” for thousands of years before giving the answer: 42.(Adams also dreamed up the Infinite Improbability Drive for a spaceship called the Heart of Gold, which used quantum theory to allow it to cross through every point in the universe simultaneously, allowing interstellar travel without all that “tedious mucking about in hyperspace”.)

Then, in 2019, Google claimed its 54-qubit Sycamore processor had performed a calculation in 200 seconds that would have taken the world’s most powerful supercomputer 10,000 years – a breakthrough some breathlessly likened to the Wright brothers’ first flight in 1903. Others were more sceptical, saying it would be many more years before quantum computers would have enough qubits – and be stable enough – to do anything actually useful. IBM said it could simulate Google’s experiment in two-and-a-half days on a “normal” computer, albeit if it had access to the Oak Ridge Summit supercomputer, a beast occupying an area the size of two basketball courts. IBM’s shimmering Eagle, meanwhile, had just 127 qubits; its successors, Osprey and now Condor, have pushed the bar to over 1000 and it plans for 1386 qubits in its Kookaburra in 2025.

Yet most of these devices are still basically proofs of concept, says Morello, the first step to manufacturing and miniaturising, as we saw with today’s transistor-based computers, which started out as rooms full of valves and cables. In the post-World War II era, says Andrew Doherty, “computers took up office floors of buildings in Manhattan and people put paper cards into them to program them. Out came numbers that even my childhood pocket calculator could have calculated right.” Many hundreds of billions of dollars have gone into developing computer technology, in packaging it for convenience and getting the components to work reliably, he says. “That whole engineering thing has got to grow up around these quantum technologies.”

Already, Marcus Doherty’s Quantum Brilliance has installed a quantum computer at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Perth and is about to export computers, at this stage for customers to experiment with quantum computing and work out how to make it useful. In the future, finding commercial applications for a quantum computer will require tailoring it, at least initially, says UNSW’s Maja Cassidy, a former quantum researcher for Microsoft. “People have to go in and understand a company’s problem, how they’re using classical computing and … work out what section might be enhanced by the quantum computer.”

Who is leading the quantum race?

China is the only other nation giving the United States a run for its money. Its leader, Xi Jinping, put accelerating quantum technology in his 2021 five-year plan. McKinsey & Company estimates China has spent at least $15.3 billion in public funds on quantum research. That partly came to fruition in April with the Chinese Academy of Science’s unveiling of a 504-qubit chip, still half the size of IBM’s biggest.

For its part, Australia got a head start with quantum research in the 1990s. Today, two major spinoffs from UNSW research are pursuing silicon-based quantum computing: Silicon Quantum Computing (SQC), led by Professor Michelle Simmons, and Diraq, led by Professor Andrew Dzurak. SQC’s approach involves embedding phosphorus atoms within a wafer of silicon. Dzurak’s approach involves trapping electrons on silicon transistors. Both have the advantage of silicon chips already being ubiquitous. “Today, in our phones and our laptops, the silicon chips that are in those have upwards of a billion transistors on them,” says Dzurak. “The benefit of the technology that we’ve developed is that we are also able to get millions, and ultimately billions, of quantum bits onto a single silicon chip.”

‘Computers as we know them today are an absolutely mind-blowing achievement. So any technology that has the ambition of being an alternative or being better than that has a phenomenally high bar to clear.’

Other leading players in Australia include Q-CTRL, which is working on controlling and enhancing quantum hardware; quantum security company QuintessenceLabs; and Doherty’s Quantum Brilliance, which used its synthetic diamonds in the world-first integration of a two-qubit quantum device into a supercomputer at room temperature in 2022.

Meanwhile, out of the University of Queensland came early gains in “photonic” quantum computing, which harnesses particles of light – photons – as qubits. In April, the federal and Queensland governments jointly set aside $940 million in share purchases, grants and loans for PsiQuantum, a Silicon Valley company whose founders include Australian professors Jeremy O’Brien and Terry Rudolph. Unlike ions or electrons, photons are not charged, Bartlett says, so are not sent haywire by electromagnetic forces – but they are hard to manipulate and measure.

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Another approach involves “trapped ion” quantum computing, pursued by US company IonQ: physicists take an atom, flick off an electron so it is positively charged, then suspend the resulting ion within an electromagnetic field and manipulate the ion with lasers. But Bartlett says this approach will be hard to scale, given the technology to suspend millions of ion qubits doesn’t yet exist.

In April, the federal government also announced $18 million for the University of Sydney to establish Quantum Australia, a research consortium between several universities headed by Bartlett. “It used to be a small research community,” he says. “You absolutely needed to speak the common language of everyone else, which were the rules of physics. Now we are really seeing quite a bit of specialisation.”

Even if quantum computers develop practical uses, they will likely live in vast, super-cooled server farms where land and power are cheap. We’ll communicate with them through our everyday devices, much as we download and upload data from cloud servers, Netflix, TikTok, DropBox, whatever, today. The real challenge for quantum computing, says Morello, is that the alternative is “really, really good”. “Computers as we know them today are an absolutely mind-blowing achievement. So any technology that has the ambition of being an alternative or being better than that has a phenomenally high bar to clear.”

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Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

IBM achieved quantum supremacy with its 127-qubit Eagle processor and plans a 1,121-qubit Condor chip by 2023.

Title:

Content: Google, IBM and China have already achieved quantum supremacy. Now they face another challenge: the correction of errors

Quantum supremacy is no longer at the center of the debate. It was at the end of 2019 because it came to light that the Google team led by John Martinis had managed to achieve it using its Sycamore quantum processor, and no one had done it until that moment. The noise that this news caused when it broke was justified.

But a year later, in December 2020, the group of Chinese researchers led by Jian-Wei Pan published an article in Science showing that I had also reached using its Zuchongzhi superconducting processor. And a year later, in November 2021, IBM followed suit and announced that it had reached this milestone using its 127-qubit Eagle quantum processor.

At this point no one doubts that quantum computers have come a long way. And, furthermore, they have done it in a real record time if we bear in mind that the first solid theoretical proposals arrived in the mid-1990s. And they are already capable of solving a few problems (very few still). in much less time than the most advanced supercomputers we currently have.

In fact, this is what quantum supremacy consists of: in solving in a short period of time, a few minutes or a few hours, a problem in which a classical supercomputer would spend many years. Even several centuries. Or millennia. Right now it is not too important whether these problems have practical applications or not. Whether or not they are relevant. We are still establishing the foundations of quantum computing, and the important thing is to face the challenges that are around the corner.

In search of higher quality qubits

One of the biggest challenges facing researchers involved in the development of quantum computing is delaying the onset of quantum decoherence. This phenomenon occurs when the necessary conditions for a system that is in an entangled quantum state to be maintained disappear.

Perhaps a slightly simpler way of describing it is to see it as a system that stops behaving as dictated by the rules of quantum mechanics when certain conditions are met, beginning to behave from that moment on as dictated by the rules of classical physics. . When does quantum decoherence appear? quantum effects disappear. And, therefore, also the advantages that they bring in the context of quantum computing.

The time it takes for quantum decoherence to appear is closely linked to the quality of the qubits

This phenomenon is very important because it helps us understand why many macroscopic physical systems do not exhibit quantum effects. Or, what is the same, why in our daily environment we cannot observe the counterintuitive effects of quantum mechanics. In any case, what is really relevant is that as the the quality of the qubits of a quantum processor, the longer it takes for quantum decoherence to appear. And, for this reason, we have more time available to carry out operations with it.

The two qubit fabrication technologies that are currently giving us the best results are superconducting qubits, which benefit greatly from recent advances in silicon lithography, and ion traps. However, some research groups also have other very promising technologies on the table that are worth pursuing, such as neutral atoms or the ions implanted in macromolecules.

IBM already has a 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor, and by the end of 2023 it plans to have Condor ready, a promising quantum chip with no less than 1,121 qubits.

We already brush the correction of errors with the tips of our fingers

The other big challenge facing quantum computing right now is error correction. Quantum computers make errors when carrying out some operations, and when this happens, the results they return to us are not correct, of course. The problem is that implementing a quantum error correction protocol it’s not trivial. And furthermore, if they abound, it is essentially impossible to correct them and simultaneously prevent the quantum processor’s efficiency from sinking.

Fortunately, we have good news. As we told you a few days ago, three independent research groups have managed to perfect superconducting qubits that have an accuracy greater than 99%. This simply means that they make mistakes very infrequently, and the good news is that when they are so infrequent it is easier to correct them. Much easier.

When the incidence of errors is less than 1%, it is much easier for quantum fault-correction protocols to carry out their task

In fact, these research groups ensure that when the incidence of errors is less than 1% quantum fault-correction protocols find it much easier to do their job. At the moment they are working with only one or two qubits, and these quantum processors are too simple to solve significant problems, but if they manage to scale this technology to many more qubits, quantum computers could leave behind one of the biggest challenges they currently face. .

As we have just seen, quantum computing is advancing at a breakneck pace. The entry of private companies in this sector you are greatly accelerating your progress, but before we get carried away with enthusiasm, it is important that we keep in mind that there are other challenges that are also crucial to solve.

Two of the most substantial are the need to control qubits more precisely, and also the importance of implementing new quantum algorithms that they are able to help us tackle the problems that we cannot solve with the most powerful classical supercomputers that we have today. Still, the future for quantum computing is hopeful. And, above all, very promising.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

China has invested $15.3 billion in quantum computing, achieving quantum supremacy with the Zuchongzhi processor.

Title:

Content: Investments in quantum computing startups reached $2.35 billion in 2022
Quantum technologies have great potential for both science and business, and attract large investments in different countries of the world, including Russia.
This is stated in the analytical report "Quantum Computing: Prospects for Business", which was prepared jointly with the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "VNIIA named after N.L. Dukhov" and the Institute of Artificial Intelligence AIRI.
“Increasing attention in the world is paid to supporting start-ups in the field of quantum technologies.
In 2022, venture investors around the world invested $2.35 billion in them.
Also last year, almost 1,600 patents were issued and published in all subfields of quantum computing: from physical implementations of quantum equipment and error correction to AI [artificial intelligence] and machine learning.
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Leading countries, realizing the breakthrough potential of this direction, include quantum technologies in national programs and allocate increasing budgets for research.
The leader is China with $15.3 billion in government funding.
Development programs have the leading technological corporations of the world.
So, which has made a quantum processor for 433 qubits [qubit or quantum bit - the main unit of information in quantum processors and quantum computing], plans this year to increase the number of qubits to 1121, and intends to show a device for a thousand qubits after 2025.
The intention to develop a full stack of technologies for quantum computing announced and has already released to the market quantum chips on spin qubits.
In Russia, work on quantum computing is underway on four key physical platforms: superconducting qubits, photonic circuits, neutral atoms, and trapped ions.
The Russian Federation has also formed a pool of organizations, including companies, scientific institutions and universities that conduct research and development, study the applicability of quantum computing to practical tasks.
“Quantum computing can give the world an impetus to the development of new industries based on the processing of big data.
In addition, they can improve the performance and efficiency of artificial intelligence algorithms, the accuracy of models and simulations of complex systems (such as molecules of new drugs, chemical reactions or physical processes), as well as provide a new level of calculations in finance and logistics, new solutions to climate problems and cryptographic algorithms that will provide a higher level of security.
The authors of the report come to the conclusion that although no one in the world has been able to demonstrate practical quantum superiority, nevertheless, companies should plan today what will happen after its achievement.
Quantum computing is able to integrate seamlessly into data processing workflows, using adaptation tools for popular programming languages and interfaces.

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China's "Zu Chongzhi-2" quantum supremacy experiment

The US and UK have committed $1.8 billion and £2.5 billion, respectively, to quantum research.

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  1. Hardware
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April 25, 2023

Investment in quantum technology hit a record $2.35bn last year

Billions of dollars have been invested in quantum technology since 2001 with the majority of that investment happening since 2020.

By Ryan Morrison

Quantum technology companies attracted more than $2.35bn in private investment last year, slightly breaking the record set in 2021. A new report by McKinsey suggests this investment could be well placed, as companies deploying quantum stand to gain $1.3trn in value by 2035. To unlock this potential companies have to focus on attracting top talent and scaling up the speed and accuracy of qubits. One expert says public and private sector organisations have a role to play in solving the talent problem.

The McKinsey report suggests four industries are likely to see the earliest impact – automotive, chemicals, financial services and life sciences. This is because these areas have high compute needs and complex problems where quantum advantage is likely to come earlier.

A significant amount of investment in quantum technology is going to start-ups that came into the industry in the past two years. According to McKinsey, 68% of the money put into quantum since 2001 has been invested in the last two years

As of last year, that investment is being spread over fewer new companies. In 2021, 41 quantum technology start-ups were founded, dropping to 19 in 2022 which, according to McKinsey suggests money is going to established start-ups rather than new companies, which could be tied to difficulties in attracting new talent.

The report suggests investors are looking for companies “ready to scale”, with four of the ten largest investment deals since 2001 closed in 2022. Some of these have been worth up to $500m and seven of the ten largest deals in 2022 were worth more than $100m.

Public sector investment is also growing rapidly with the US committing $1.8bn in 2022, the UK will spend £2.5bn over a decade and the EU has $1.2bn for quantum on the table. These are all dwarfed by the estimated $15.2bn public investment in quantum announced by the Chinese government.

Another reason for the redirection of investment towards more established companies could be tied to the slowdown in major scientific breakthroughs, the report authors speculated.

Many of the early-stage quantum technology companies are formed out of university projects and in 2022 the number of published papers on quantum technology declined by 61% between 2020 and 2021. There was another decline, of about 5% between 2022 and 2021. This, they wrote, could be due to challenges becoming harder to solve.

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Need for ‘fault -olerant’ quantum machines

The next stage in quantum computing requires both a ramp-up in qubit numbers and quality to create “fault-tolerant” processors capable of solving real-world problems more accurately and faster than classical computers. The problem is that while qubit numbers have been growing steadily, the quality hasn’t kept pace.

IBM has gone from a 20-qubit processor in 2019 to announcing a 1,000+ qubit machine due for release next year, but it also has a second track of processors with better quality qubits but far fewer actual qubits on each chip.

“In each of the five main approaches to quantum computers, difficult challenges remain,” the authors wrote. This is across all the main types of qubit being developed. For example, in photonics these devices still “leak” photons which results in computation failures and high error rates. In superconducting systems like those used by IBM and Google there are issues scaling up the control and cooling systems to handle potentially thousands of qubits.

These problems have to be solved to unlock the economic value the technology holds, the report authors declared. As economic value depends on speedup, which depends on algorithm complexity, execution time and problem size.

Achieving this scale-up will require top talent and while the talent gap is “significant”, McKinsey suggests it is narrowing in quantum technologies. “Our analysis shows that nearly two-thirds of open jobs in the industry could be filled with new masters’-level graduates in 2022.”

There are still shortages though, with OECD figures showing 717 active job postings last year and 450 master's-level graduates with degrees applicable to those vacancies. This was better than in 2021 when there were 851 job vacancies and just 290 graduates.

Talent isn't evenly spread. Based on density per million inhabitants the EU and UK are top destinations for graduates in quantum technology-relevant fields with 303 per million graduating in the EU in 2020 and 217 per million in the UK.

Ekaterina Almasque, general partner at VC fund OpenOcean, told Tech Monitor the quantum industry was “in its growth phase”, making it extremely challenging to find talent with the necessary skills across a range of technologies and services. “Most individuals working in the industry today were introduced to the concept of quantum computing at a relatively late stage," Almasque says. "While this will change naturally as the industry becomes more established, the private and public sector stakeholders of quantum computing must work together to improve this.”

She adds: “From a European perspective, many pioneering quantum computing businesses are pushing to become world leaders. For Europe to properly establish and maintain a lead in quantum computing, there must be a broad, strategic initiative for early education in quantum computing.”

  • Ryan Morrison writes a new weekly newsletter, Quantum Untangled, looking at the practical applications of quantum computing and interviewing leading figures from the industry. Sign up here.

Read more: How will the UK develop quantum computer regulation?

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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in logistics, energy, and healthcare, with applications in drug discovery and climate modeling.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

Title:

Content: The present and future of quantum computing
New Research 2022 / 12 / 13 19: 16: 07 Edited by: Yuansheng
The limitations of contemporary supercomputers, as well as their implications for academia and institutions around the world, are drawing the attention of the scientific community.
For example, researchers can use current techniques to perform more complex simulations, such as those that focus on chemistry and the reactive properties of each element.
However, as the complexity of these interactions increases, they become more challenging for current supercomputers.
Due to the limited processing power of these devices, it is nearly impossible to complete these types of calculations, forcing scientists to choose between speed and precision when conducting these studies.
To provide some context for the breadth of these experiments, let ’ s start with the example of hydrogen atom modeling.
With only one proton and one electron in hydrogen, researchers can easily perform chemical reactions manually or rely on computers to complete calculations.
However, depending on the number of atoms and whether the electrons are entangled, the process becomes more difficult.
To write out every conceivable result of an element like thulium, which contains a staggering 69 electrons, all twisted together, would take more than 20 trillion years.
Obviously, this time is too long for us, and we need a new way out.
Quantum computers open the door to a whole new world of possibilities.
The equations needed to simulate chemistry have been known to the scientific community since the 1930s, but it has only recently begun to build computers with the ability and reliability to perform these calculations.
Today ’ s quantum computers provide the speed researchers need to mimic all aspects of chemistry, making them significantly predictive and reducing the need for laboratory testing.
Colleges and universities may be able to use quantum computers to augment existing knowledge of chemistry.
Consider the potential time and cost savings that could be achieved if quantum computers were able to eliminate the need for laboratory testing during research.
Moreover, since the computational power to master chemical properties did not exist previously, this step could lead to a major step forward in chemistry previously unknown to the world
01. Quantum computing in practice
Many companies are already using quantum computing.
For example, IBM is working with Mercedes-Benz, ExxonMobil, CERN, and Mitsubishi Chemical to implement quantum computing into their products and services:
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is exploring quantum computing to create better batteries for its electric vehicles.
The company hopes to shape the future of modern electric vehicles by implementing quantum computing in its products and making an impact on the environment by implementing quantum computing in its products in an effort to be carbon neutral by 2039.
Simulating what ’ s going on inside a battery is incredibly difficult, even with today ’ s most advanced computers.
However, using quantum computing technology, Mercedes-Benz can more accurately simulate chemical reactions in car batteries.
Exxon Mobil
ExxonMobil is using quantum algorithms to more easily discover the most efficient routes for transporting clean combustion fuels around the world.
Without quantum computing, it would be almost impossible to compute all routing combinations and find the most efficient routing combinations.
European Centre for Nuclear Research
The European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN) is trying to discover the secrets of the universe.
Using quantum computing, CERN can find algorithms to pinpoint complex events in the universe in a more efficient way.
For example, quantum computing could help CERN figure out patterns in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data.
Mitsubishi Chemical
A team from Mitsubishi Chemical and Keio University is working on a key chemical step for lithium-oxygen batteries: lithium superoxide rearrangement.
They are using quantum computers to "perform accurate simulations of what happens inside a chemical reaction at the molecular level".
Advantages and disadvantages of quantum computing
Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize industries such as finance, pharmaceuticals, artificial intelligence, and automotive in the coming years, fundamentally changing the world around us.
The value of quantum computers comes from the probabilistic way in which they operate.
By using the probabilistic computing style directly instead of simulating it, computer scientists have shown potential applications for fast search engines, more accurate weather forecasts, and precise medical applications.
In addition, quantum computers represent the original motivation for the development of quantum computing and are very useful in directly simulating quantum mechanics.
Perhaps the main appeal of quantum computing is that it can solve problems faster, making it ideal for applications that need to handle large amounts of data (for example, aerospace logistics, drug manufacturing, molecular research, or other fields that use canonical processes at the atomic level).
However, creating a powerful quantum computer is not an easy task and involves many drawbacks.
The sensitivity of quantum computing systems to extreme temperatures is one of the main drawbacks.
In order for the system to function properly, it must be near absolute zero temperature, which poses a major engineering challenge.
Moreover, quantum bit quality is not where it needs to be.
After a given number of instructions, qubits can produce inaccurate results, and quantum computers lack error correction to solve this problem.
Because of the number of wires or lasers required to make each qubit, keeping control is difficult, especially if the goal is to create a chip with a million qubits.
And quantum computing is very expensive: the cost of a single qubit can be as high as $10,000 or so.
Finally, if standard information systems and encryption methods are used for malicious purposes, they will be overwhelmed by the processing power of quantum computers.
These computers ’ reliance on the principles of quantum physics allows them to decrypt the most secure data (e.g., bank records, government secrets, and internet / email passwords).
Cryptography experts around the world will need to develop encryption techniques that can withstand possible attacks from quantum computers.
Impact of Quantum Computing on Higher Education
The education community is always looking for new opportunities for growth and prosperity.
Many higher education institutions have begun extensive research into quantum computing, using the unique properties of quantum physics to usher in a new era of technology, including computers capable of performing currently impossible computations, ultra-secure quantum networks, and exotic new quantum materials.
Oxford University
Researchers at the University of Oxford are interested in quantum research because of its huge potential in areas such as healthcare, finance and security.
The university is recognized worldwide as a pioneer in the field of quantum science.
Oxford and York universities demonstrate first working pure state NMR quantum computer
Harvard University
Researchers at Harvard University have established a community group, the Harvard Quantum Initiative for Science and Engineering, with the goal of making significant progress in science and engineering related to quantum computers and their applications.
According to research conducted by the group, the “second quantum revolution ” will build on the first quantum revolution, which is responsible for the development of global communications, technologies such as GPS flight, and medical breakthroughs such as magnetic resonance imaging.
University of Maryland
Researchers from the University of Maryland's Department of Physics, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Physical Sciences Laboratory are part of the Joint Quantum Institute "dedicated to the goal of controlling and utilizing quantum systems."
Institute of Technology
MIT researchers have built a quantum computer and are working on areas such as quantum algorithms and complexity, quantum information theory, measurement and control, and applications and connectivity.
University of California, Berkeley
Researchers at the Center for Quantum Computing and Information at the University of California, Berkeley are working on basic quantum algorithms, cryptography, information theory, quantum control, and experiments with quantum computers and quantum devices.
University of Chicago Quantum Exchange
Researchers at the University of Chicago Quantum Exchange are focusing on developing new ways to understand and utilize the laws of quantum mechanics. CQE encourages collaboration, joint projects and information exchange between research groups and collaborating institutions.
China University of Science and Technology
Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China are exploring quantum optics and quantum information.
Areas of major interest include quantum foundations, free space and fiber-based quantum communication, superconducting quantum computing, supercooled atomic quantum simulations, and quantum metrology theory and theory-related concepts.
One broad impact on higher education is that quantum computing will open up new careers for tomorrow ’ s students.
In addition, this technology will allow for accurate forecasting of the overall growth of the job market and the demand for skilled and knowledgeable workers in all fields.
In the near future, the power of quantum computing will be unleashed on machine learning.
In the field of education, quantum-driven algorithms will make informed decisions about student learning and deficiencies, just as quantum computing promises to revolutionize medical classification and diagnosis.
In addition, quantum computing will power a new era of individual learning, knowledge and achievement.
This will be achieved by processing large amounts of student data in a timely manner, and quantum computers may eventually have the ability to control programs designed to accommodate students ’ unique achievements and abilities, as well as backfilling specific areas where students may need help.
These aspects of quantum computing are critical to achieving the goal of truly personalized learning.
Through the cloud, you can access any of the relatively small number of physical quantum subcomputers in the world.
These computers include the 20 + IBM Quantum System One, which is currently installed more in the United States, Germany and Japan, and more are planned in the United States, South Korea and Canada.
Anyone with an internet connection can log on to a quantum computer and be educated on the basics of quantum programming.
For example, IBM offers a variety of quantum-centric education programs, including access to quantum computers, teaching support, summer schools, and hackathons.
The IBM Quantum Educator and Investigator Program and Qubit ’ s “Introduction to Quantum Computing ” are just two examples of quantum computing resources that are accessible to educators and students alike.
Such initiatives are absolutely necessary.
Colleges and universities around the world need to collaborate to bridge the current knowledge gap in quantum education and prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers.
04 、 Conclusion
The quantum computing revolution is happening.
We have just entered a new era of computing.
Next generation computing is not the next generation of hardware, but the next generation of algorithms and computing
Quantum computers use quantum mechanics principles to solve problems.
Compared to classical computers, the state of a quantum system is inherently probabilistic.
This means that quantum computers can handle many times more computations than conventional computers.
05, extended reading
The main players in quantum computing can be divided into four categories: the first category is international technology giants, such as IBM, Google, Honeywell, etc.; the second category is quantum computing startups, such as Rigetti, IonQ, etc.; the third category is national scientific research institutes, such as Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Institute of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology Innovation. University of Cambridge, University of Science and Technology of China, Harvard University, etc.
Today's quantum computers can only deal with one or a few aspects of the problem, and they have not yet reached the level of generality.
Quantum technology companies not only need to invest heavily in developing quantum computers, but also need to have many researchers designing and manufacturing quantum hardware and software to support these machines.
In the future, general quantum computers need to work on the underlying quantum physics equipment, quantum computer architecture, quantum resource scheduling, upper quantum programming language, quantum algorithms and quantum application software.
The following are typical representatives of the quantum computing industry regarding the latest technological and commercial advances in quantum computing.
The information provided herein is for general guidance and informational purposes only, and the contents of this article should not be considered investment, business, legal or tax advice under any circumstances.
This article is from the WeChat public account: new research (ID: chuxinyanjiu), author: Yousef Fazea, compiled by: Tang Shi
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Key word: quantum computing
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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing development is expected to continue with advancements in qubit count, quantum volume, and error correction.

What are important areas in quantum research?

Quantum computing faces challenges like qubit stability and scalability that researchers and companies are addressing.

What are important areas in quantum research?

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields and industries, with significant investments being made to advance it.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Canada is investing in quantum computing research to develop a strong quantum ecosystem.

Title:

Content: There were 1,711 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 342,181 in the last 365 days.

Supporting Canada's leadership in quantum computing to grow the economy and create jobs

TORONTO, Jan. 23, 2023 /CNW/ - Quantum technologies are at the leading edge of science and innovation. As Canadian researchers, workers and businesses continue to demonstrate leadership on the world stage in innovating and developing quantum technologies, we have the potential to transform how we work and live in Canada and around the world – in areas from fighting climate change to making advancements in health care. The Government of Canada will continue to support Canadian companies to help them keep growing and staying competitive, while driving economic growth and creating highly skilled and well-paying jobs for Canadians.

The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, today announced a new federal investment of $40 million to enable the Toronto-based Canadian quantum computing company Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc. to build and commercialize the world's first photonic-based, fault-tolerant quantum computer. Once developed, this computer will have the potential to provide world leading capabilities to help solve complex data problems and could be used in a variety of sectors such as finance, transportation, environmental modelling, and health.

Supported through the government's Strategic Innovation Fund, this $177.8 million project is expected to create 530 new highly skilled positions in the high-tech and quantum computing fields.

Home to some of the world's largest quantum tech hubs, Canada is well positioned to become a global leader in the developing quantum sector, which will create new opportunities for Canadians and Canadian businesses. The Government of Canada will continue to invest in innovative companies to grow the economy and create highly skilled and well-paying jobs for Canadians.

Quotes

"Quantum technology is changing the world as we know it. With the potential to solve difficult problems in key areas such as health care, finance, and climate sciences, this sector expands the realm of possibility. Today's announcement is great news for Canadian workers and businesses. This investment will bring good jobs, spur economic growth, boost innovation, and solidify Canada as a world leader in quantum technology."

— The Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada

"Quantum technologies will set the course of the future and thanks to companies like Xanadu, Canada is at the forefront ready to lead. With today's announcement, our government is strengthening Canada's position in quantum technology and helping to create more economic growth and good jobs for Canadians. We'll continue to build this sector through our National Quantum Strategy and support made-in-Canada technology so Canada remains a world leader for decades to come."

— The Hon. François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry

"The government's continued investment in quantum technologies has been invaluable to our success. We are proud to be a Canadian company and, with this investment, are excited to enter the next phase in our mission to build quantum computers that are useful and available to people everywhere."

— Christian Weedbrook, Founder and CEO, Xanadu

Quick Facts

  • Since the birth of quantum science more than 100 years ago, quantum technologies have been the source of many game-changing innovations such as semiconductors and the laser.
  • Quantum science is the study, manipulation, and control of systems at the atomic and subatomic level.
  • It is estimated that by 2045, the Canadian quantum industry will be a $139 billion industry, including all economic effects, and account for over 200,000 jobs, according to a study commissioned by the National Research Council in 2020.
  • Earlier this month, the Government of Canada launched its National Quantum Strategy, which invests an additional $360 million to help solidify Canada as a global leader in quantum technologies.
  • Over the past 10 years, the Government of Canada has invested more than $1 billion in quantum research and science.
  • Additionally, the government has invested in bringing new quantum technologies to the Canadian and global markets, including investments through Canada's regional development agencies, the Strategic Innovation Fund, and the National Research Council of Canada's Industrial Research Assistance Program.
  • Xanadu is a notable contributor to Canada's innovation ecosystem and has committed to continuing to support innovation, growth, and Canada's research and development sector.
  • Founded in 2016, Xanadu is a Toronto-based Canadian quantum computing company with the mission to build quantum computers that are useful and available to people everywhere. Xanadu has become one of the world's leading quantum hardware and software companies and leads the development of PennyLane, an open-source software library for quantum computing and application development.

Associated Links

This document is also available at https://pm.gc.ca

SOURCE Prime Minister's Office

View original content: http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/January2023/23/c3179.html

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Canada has launched a National Quantum Strategy with a $360 million investment.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

India has launched a National Quantum Mission with a ₹6,003 crore budget to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers.

Title:

Content: Satyam Priyadarshy

Rajesh Mehta

Governments, venture capitalists, and private companies have invested billions of dollars in quantum computing in the last 10 years. Recently, at the Puzzle X conference held in Barcelona, it was evident that Europe is preparing to take on the leadership role to push the boundaries of quantum computing ecosystem. So, what is quantum computing?

Bits to Qubits

In simple words, quantum computing combines the fields of quantum mechanics and computer science. It moves us beyond Bits to Qubits. In traditional computer science, the information is stored and manipulated using bits that have two discrete states, 0 and 1, while in the quantum computing world, Qubits can represent both states at the same time, thus allowing for a high degree of parallelism, enabling by phenomena of “interference, superposition, and entanglement.”

Such parallelism allows quantum computers to tackle computational challenges that become a limiting factor for traditional computers.

Wide applications

Many companies in the quantum computing field are engaged in solving complex problems that could significantly impact the fields of drug development, material design, energy transition, finance, security, and defense.

All nations must address various aspects of the quantum computing ecosystem sooner than later due to China’s quantum computing activities.

The National Quantum Mission (NQM) was approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on April 19, 2023.

With a budget of ₹6,003 crore over eight years, it aims to create, develop, and nurture the quantum technology ecosystem in the country.

The goal of the mission is to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1,000 physical qubits in various platforms like superconducting and photonic technology. Satellite-based secure quantum communications between ground stations over a range of 2,000 km within India, long-distance secure quantum communications with other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution over 2,000 km, as well as multi-node quantum networks with quantum memories, are among the other deliverables. The technology is expected to break ground in communications, cryptography, intelligence, fossil fuel exploration, space research, and drug design.

As we step into 2024, an increased set of activities to solve complex challenges will be addressed by combining the tools of Artificial Intelligence and Quantum computing.

Priyadarshy is a pioneer in the fields of Quantum Mechanics, Data Science, Big Data and Emerging Technologies; Mehta is an International Consultant in the field of Market Entry, Innovation and Public Policy

COMMENT NOW

What are important areas in quantum research?

The quantum computing market is expected to grow 36.89% CAGR from 2022 to 2032, driven by applications like drug discovery and financial modeling.

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computers can solve problems that classical computers cannot and have potential applications in molecular simulation, traffic management, and machine learning.

Title:

Content: The quantum leap: Quantum computing breakthroughs to watch

The classical computer has been the bedrock of computing for over 50 years. That’s going to change soon. quantum computing, which was once a concept limited to fringe scientific papers, is now becoming a mainstream topic.

We’re seeing significant breakthroughs in the headlines which are stoking the flames of conjecture. The truth is, that this technology will bring with it much more than hype and opportunities to breathe life into sci-fi creations. In this article, we’re going to dive into some of the milestones of quantum computing, future goals and, of course, the challenges that we still have to overcome.

The Quantum Paradigm

Classical computers began as room-sized machines. Computer scientists from the 1950s would be completely flummoxed to see the powerful gaming or AI training rigs of today. That said, computers process information using bits -- either a 0 or a 1. quantum computers break the mold by using quantum bits, or qubits. They’re built upon the principles of quantum mechanics, which allow us to conceptualize that a qubit can exist in a state of 0, 1, or both at the same time (this is known as superposition in quantum theory).

As a result of this state, quantum computers are able to measure vast quantities of possibilities at the same time and exponentially increase their computing power compared to classical machines.

Significant Milestones in Quantum Computing

As with everything groundbreaking, quantum computing has been the subject of much fanfare, which has caused tangible advancements to slip through the cracks. This includes:

The Rise of Quantum Supremacy

The idea of "quantum supremacy" once seemed rather farfetched. That was until Google demonstrated with its Sycamore processor exactly what quantum machines could do. Sycamore was given a calculation that would have taken a classical computer 10,000 years to complete. It completed it in 200 seconds. quantum supremacy is now a modern reality and not just a hypothesis.

Innovations in Quantum Error-Correction

The inherently fragile nature of qubits means they're prone to errors from even the smallest environmental interference. Over the years, researchers have been laser-focused on tackling this problem, giving rise to various quantum error-correction protocols. Among the most prominent are the "surface code" and "cat code" methods, which deploy specialized qubit arrangements and extra layers of computational checks to detect and correct errors in real time.

Development of Quantum Algorithms

Unsurprisingly, with the growth of quantum processors has come an increase in quantum algorithms being developed. Algorithms like Shor's (for integer factorization) and Grover's (for database searching) have proven quantum computing's superiority over classical methods.

quantum algorithms have more granular applications as well, especially for devs and larger organizations. They could drastically reduce the time it takes to render documents in a React PDF viewer, particularly those that are large or contain complex elements like high-resolution images or intricate designs. Imagine one day sending petabytes of multimedia files without delay.

In a fraction of a second, teams could edit, compare, and merge files, all on their native platform, without having to wait until all the documentation is ready for analysis or sending.

This is just a microcosm of how massive quality-of-life (QoL) improvements from quantum computing will actually be. Aside from document readers, artists will also be able to render entire films in a matter of seconds, as there will be no resolution too high to be processed instantly. The same goes for 4K video calls without lags, VR gaming, and so much more.

Quantum Potential

What makes quantum computers so powerful is their ability to solve the problems that have simply been out of reach for classical machines, This includes:

  • Cryptography: Certain mathematical problems (like factorizing large prime numbers) are difficult for modern classical computers. quantum computers, however, are able to solve these problems much faster due to their parallel processing capabilities. Modern digital security rests on the assumption that these problems prevent computers from solving them quickly, and so quantum computing will be incredibly disruptive to modern cryptography. "Revolutionary" won’t even begin to define it.
  • Drug Discovery and Material Science: Another difficult task for classical computers is simulating and understanding complex molecular structures. With quantum computing, molecular simulations will be turbo-charged and lead to important breakthroughs in medicine and material science at a blistering pace.
  • Optimization Challenges: Be it traffic management, financial modeling, or supply chain optimization, problems involving multiple variables and constraints could benefit immensely from quantum computing's prowess, resulting in more efficient and optimal solutions.
  • Machine Learning and Big Data: Data is the new oil. And companies everywhere are drilling. quantum computers can process and analyze vast datasets swiftly and can send machine learning models to the stratosphere. This will lead to more accurate predictions and insights.

Navigating Quantum Challenges

The dream of a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer is still just a dream for now, due to certain technical hurdles.

The first is maintaining the quantum state of qubits over extended durations. The term for this is ‘quantum coherence’, and it is not an easy task. External disturbances such as cosmic rays or nearby electronic devices can disrupt its state and prevent long computations.

Of course, one must also ponder about scalability. Scaling from a few qubits to thousands or even millions which are needed for more complex tasks will need further innovations in quantum error correction (and system architecture for that matter).

For now, computer scientists have gotten around this by using extremely low temperatures to maintain qubit stability, but this is not something companies or organizations without vast resources can accomplish.

Another aspect to consider is the software ecosystem. quantum computers will need their own kind of software, along with unique programming languages and tools. This will take years and possibly decades of collaboration between physicists, computer scientists, and industry stakeholders before a barebones system is achieved. QApplications in Diverse Domains

quantum computing is going to massively change many sectors. That said, some stand to benefit sooner than the rest:

  • Financial Modeling: The financial sector is an obvious winner when it comes to having more computing power -- the sector is already using AI to its advantage. quantum algorithms will allow traders and analysts to evaluate vast numbers of scenarios extremely quickly, giving those companies with quantum machines an extraordinary advantage.
  • Climate Modeling: Predicting the Earth’s climate involves accounting for a ton of variables and how they interact with each other. quantum computers will allow more accurate climate models and better insights into climate change which will hopefully help us develop better strategies for mitigating it.
  • Logistics and Supply Chain: Efficient solutions to the traveling salesman problem -- a challenge that involves finding the shortest possible route through multiple cities -- could revolutionize logistics, saving time and reducing costs for businesses worldwide.

The Interplay Between Quantum and Classical Systems

While you may think that quantum computers will eventually replace classical computers, the truth is the future more likely has them together in a symbiotic relationship. This is because quantum machines will be used for tasks they’re better at, namely more advanced computational needs, while classical computers will be kept for more routine tasks and for user interfaces. An example of this already exists in cloud-based quantum computing platforms -- where users can send a certain task to a quantum machine and receive the result through their own classical machine.

Looking Towards the Quantum Future

The next decade promises a slew of breakthroughs. Today’s quantum computers are being compared to the classical computers of the 1950s, which is probably accurate considering they’re still in their nascent stage of development and haven’t even begun realizing their full potential.

quantum computing promises an increase in computation power for sure, but it offers much more than that. It promises a massive shift across many industries -- from healthcare to finance, energy and transportation. We live in exciting times as we stand on the precipice of a new era in technology, one that previously only belonged to the pages of science fiction.

Image credit: plotplot/Shutterstock

Lee Li is a project manager and B2B copywriter with a decade of experience in the Chinese fintech startup space as a PM for TaoBao, MeitTuan, and DouYin (now TikTok).

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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing requires significant investment and faces challenges like qubit instability and scalability.

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields and industries, with significant advancements being made.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market is expected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at 35.5% CAGR.

Title:

Content: Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market projected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 35.5% during the forecast period of 2023-2030 - says MarketDigits in its latest study

The Global Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market was valued USD 750 Million in 2023 and projected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 35.5% during the forecast period of 2023-2030

Richmond, Jan. 02, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to a research report "Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market, by Offering (Service, Software), Technology (Trapped Ions, Quantum Annealing, Superconducting Qubits, Other Technologies, Others), Application (Encryption, Optimization, Sampling, Simulation), Industry Vertical (BFSI, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace and Defense, Research and Academia, Manufacturing, Transportation and Logistics, Others), and Region - Global Forecast to 2030.

Global Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market Report Scope:

Report Details
Market size value in 2023 USD 750 Million
Market size value in 2030 USD 6,289.8 Million
CAGR (2023-2030) 35.5%
Forecast Period 2023–2030
Historic Data 2019
Forecast Units Value (USD Million/USD Billion)
Segments Covered Offering, Technology, Application, End User and Region
Geographies Covered North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and RoW

  • Accenture

  • AWS (Amazon Web Services)
Sample of Companies Covered
  • Baidu

  • Cambridge Quantum Computing

  • D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Download the Sample - https://www.marketdigits.com/request/sample/1108

TOC Covers in Depth & Breath on Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market
170 - Market Data Tables
65 - List of Figures
225 – Pages

The report includes Vendor Assessment (Company Profiles, Market Positioning, Strategies, Recent Developments, Capabilities & Product Offerings / Mapping), Technology Assessment (Developments & Economic Impact), Partner & Customer Ecosystem (Product Services, Proposition & Key Features) Competitive Index & Regional FootPrint by MarketDigits.

Market Overview

Cloud-based quantum computing enables remote access to quantum processors and algorithms, revolutionizing computation for diverse applications via online platforms. The cloud-based quantum computing market is experiencing unprecedented growth as organizations seek to harness the immense computational power of quantum processors through convenient and scalable cloud services. This market evolution marks a paradigm shift in computing capabilities, with leading tech companies investing heavily in quantum research and development. Quantum computing leverages the principles of superposition and entanglement to perform complex calculations at speeds unattainable by classical computers. Cloud-based offerings democratize access to quantum resources, allowing businesses to explore and experiment without the need for extensive on-premises infrastructure. As a result, a diverse range of industries, including finance, healthcare, and logistics, are exploring quantum solutions for optimization, simulation, and machine learning applications. The market's trajectory is driven by a convergence of technological advancements, increased investments, and a growing ecosystem of quantum developers and users, positioning cloud-based quantum computing as a transformative force in the future of information processing.

Major Vendors In The Global Cloud-Based Quantum Computing Market:

  • Accenture
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • Baidu
  • Cambridge Quantum Computing
  • D-Wave Quantum Inc.
  • D-Wave Systems
  • Fujitsu
  • Google
  • Honeywell
  • Huawei Technologies Co.
  • IBM
  • 1QBIT
  • Microsoft
  • QC Ware
  • Riverlane
  • Rigetti Computing
  • T-Systems International GmbH
  • Zapata Computing

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Increasing demand for advanced computational capabilities

The escalating demand for advanced computational capabilities stands as a pivotal driver propelling the cloud-based quantum computing market into prominence. As traditional computing architectures face limitations in solving complex problems, organizations across various sectors are turning to quantum computing to address challenges that were once deemed insurmountable. Cloud-based quantum computing offers a scalable and accessible solution, allowing businesses to harness the extraordinary processing power of quantum processors without the need for significant on-premises infrastructure investments. This surge in demand is fueled by the recognition that quantum algorithms have the potential to outperform classical counterparts in areas such as optimization, cryptography, and machine learning. The advent of cloud-based services democratizes access to quantum resources, empowering a diverse range of industries to explore novel solutions and stay at the forefront of technological innovation in the pursuit of solving complex problems more efficiently and effectively.

Market Dynamics

Drivers:

  • Increasing demand for advanced computational capabilities
  • Growing demand for faster data operations, secure data transfer, and communications

Opportunities:

  • Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing
  • Growing adoption of quantum computing solutions across several verticals

Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing

Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing present a significant opportunity for the quantum computing market, opening new frontiers in computation and problem-solving. The integration of cutting-edge technologies into cloud services has enhanced the accessibility and usability of quantum computing resources. Cloud providers are actively investing in infrastructure, algorithms, and developer tools, making quantum computing capabilities more user-friendly and scalable. This progress is fostering a conducive environment for experimentation and innovation, attracting a broader spectrum of users from diverse industries. As cloud-based quantum computing platforms evolve, they offer businesses the chance to explore and harness the potential of quantum algorithms without the need for substantial in-house expertise or infrastructure. This opportunity not only accelerates the adoption of quantum technologies but also democratizes access, empowering organizations to leverage the transformative power of quantum computing to solve complex problems and gain a competitive edge in the rapidly advancing digital landscape.

The market for Cloud-based Quantum Computing is dominated by North America.

North America stands as the dominant force in the Cloud-based Quantum Computing market, with the United States and Canada playing pivotal roles. The region's leadership is attributed to the robust presence of major quantum computing players, significant research and development initiatives, and a burgeoning tech ecosystem. In the United States, companies like IBM, Google, and Rigetti Computing have spearheaded quantum advancements, while Canada boasts prominent players like D-Wave. The strategic collaboration between academia, government, and industry in North America has positioned the region as a global hub for quantum computing innovation, solidifying its preeminence in driving the growth and development of cloud-based quantum computing solutions.

The research and academia Segment is Anticipated to Hold the Largest Market Share During the Forecast Period

Based on Industry Vertical the Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market is segmented into BFSI, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace and Defense, Research and Academia, Manufacturing, Transportation and Logistics, Others. The research and academia segment is poised to maintain its dominance, holding the largest market size in the Cloud-based Quantum Computing sector throughout the forecast period. This prominence can be attributed to the active involvement of research institutions and academic entities in advancing quantum technologies. These stakeholders play a crucial role in driving innovation, developing quantum algorithms, and educating the workforce. Cloud-based platforms offer an accessible environment for researchers and students to experiment with quantum computing, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange. As a result, the research and academia segment continues to lead, shaping the trajectory of Cloud-based Quantum Computing's market growth.

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Major cloud-based quantum computing vendors include Accenture, AWS, Baidu, and IBM.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

The research and academia segment is expected to hold the largest market share, dominated by North America.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in fields like chemistry and materials science, with applications in drug discovery and financial modeling.

Title:

Content: Interview with Dr. Yu Longwu: Looking forward to the future development of artificial intelligence and quantum computing
Social Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Future Prospects
Renowned artificial intelligence and quantum computing expert Dr. Yu Longwu shared his insights on the future development of artificial intelligence.
Dr. Yu Longwu pointed out that 2023 is a brilliant year for generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT, and looking forward to 2024, artificial intelligence technology will continue to show several important trends.
I encourage young researchers and students to remain curious and inquisitive, to focus on basic learning, to develop interdisciplinary thinking skills, to focus on teamwork and communication skills, and to have a sense of social responsibility.
— Yu Longwu
SAN DIEGO, CA, USA, June 27, 2024 / EINPresswire.com / -- Interview with Mr. Yu Longwu, a North American headline and a scholar in the field of artificial intelligence.
In the latest interview, Dr. Yu Longwu, a well-known artificial intelligence and quantum computing expert, shared his insights on the future development of artificial intelligence.
Dr. Yu Longwu pointed out that 2023 is a brilliant year for generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT, and looking forward to 2024, artificial intelligence technology will continue to show several important trends.
Artificial Intelligence Big Model Towards General Artificial Intelligence
Dr. Yu Longwu first mentioned that the AI model will gradually move towards general artificial intelligence.
The large model represented by ChatGPT demonstrates its powerful natural language processing capabilities, but the next generation aims to achieve general artificial intelligence.
Dr. Yu Longwu revealed that OpenAI is training the next generation of artificial intelligence, tentatively named "Q *".
To his knowledge, this generation of AI is being trained “from scratch ” for the first time, with intelligence that does not rely on data from human activity and has the ability to modify its own code to accommodate more complex learning tasks.
Although "Q *" can only solve the mathematics problem of primary school difficulty at present, its future potential cannot be underestimated.
Interview with Dr. Yu Longwu: Looking forward to the future development of artificial intelligence and quantum computing
He said: "General AI is not limited to certain specific tasks, but is capable of solving a wide range of scientific and technical problems.
For example, OpenAI is training the next generation of AI, tentatively named ‘ Q * ’.
This marks a new milestone, "he said.
Synthetic data breaks training data bottlenecks
Dr. Yu Longwu pointed out that synthetic data will play an important role in the development of artificial intelligence in the future.
Data bottlenecks have been one of the main factors limiting the development of AI, and synthetic data can provide a large amount of high-quality data to alleviate this bottleneck.
In addition, synthetic data helps to resolve data privacy and security issues and reduce legal disputes.
He explains: “Synthetic data is data generated by machine learning models that mimic real data.
Its advantage lies in providing a large amount of high-quality data and solving the problem of insufficient existing data.
In addition, synthetic data can solve data privacy and security issues and avoid legal disputes. ”
The application of quantum computing in artificial intelligence | Dr. Yu Longwu
Dr. Yu Longwu is optimistic about the application of quantum computers in the field of artificial intelligence.
Quantum computers have powerful parallel computing capabilities, which can greatly improve the computing power of artificial intelligence.
With the continuous progress of quantum computing technology, quantum computing is expected to become the key to solving the bottleneck of AI computing power.
He pointed out: "The parallel computing power of quantum computers gives them a significant advantage in solving complex computational problems.
For example, in machine learning, many algorithms need to do a lot of matrix operations and optimization problems, and quantum computing can greatly speed up these processes. ”
Interview with Dr. Yu Longwu: Looking forward to the future development of artificial intelligence and quantum computing
Self-supervised learning and multi-modal learning
Dr. Yu also mentioned that technologies such as self-supervised learning, multi-modal learning and edge computing will play an important role in the development of artificial intelligence in the future.
Self-supervised learning can reduce dependence on labeled data by training with unlabeled data; multi-modal learning can process and integrate data from different sources; and edge computing can handle real-time processing where the data is generated, reducing latency and improving efficiency.
He said: "By using unlabeled data for training, self-supervised learning can greatly reduce the dependence on labeled data and improve the training efficiency."
Multi-modal learning, which can process and integrate data from different sources, will greatly expand the scope of AI applications. ”
Future challenges and responses
Despite the bright prospects, Dr. Yu also reminds us to be cautious about the challenges ahead.
He pointed out that the development of artificial intelligence is not without resistance and problems.
The first is technical bottlenecks and resource constraints.
The training and operation of large-scale models requires a lot of computing resources and electricity, which is a huge burden on the environment and the economy.
In addition, data privacy and security issues remain serious.
AI systems need a lot of data to train, which often contains sensitive information and personal privacy, and how to protect this data is a major challenge.
"We must develop and implement effective laws and policies to ensure that the development of AI is ethical and ethical and prevents misuse and malicious use," he said.
Interview with Dr. Yu Longwu: Looking forward to the future development of artificial intelligence and quantum computing
The integration of quantum computing and artificial intelligence
The application prospect of quantum computing in artificial intelligence
When talking about the integration of quantum computing and artificial intelligence, Dr. Yu Longwu showed great enthusiasm.
He pointed out that the application prospect of quantum computing in artificial intelligence is very broad.
First, the parallel computing power of quantum computers gives them a significant advantage in solving complex computational problems, such as in machine learning, where many algorithms need to perform a large number of matrix operations and optimization problems, and quantum computing can greatly speed up these processes.
"Quantum computers are capable of dealing with problems that classical computers cannot solve, such as cracking complex encryption algorithms, simulating the quantum behavior of molecules and materials, and solving complex optimization problems," he said.
Quantum machine learning
Dr. Yu also stressed that the combination of quantum computing and artificial intelligence can improve the training efficiency of AI models.
Quantum machine learning algorithms can run on a quantum computer, speeding up the model training process and improving the training accuracy.
Especially for deep learning, which requires a lot of computational resources, this will bring significant improvements.
He said: "Quantum machine learning algorithms can run on a quantum computer, speeding up the model training process and improving the training accuracy.
This is especially important for deep learning, which requires a lot of computational resources. ”
Challenges Faced
Dr. Yu Longwu also pointed out that at present, quantum computing still faces many challenges in practical applications, such as the limitation of quantum bits, the problem of quantum error correction, the development of quantum algorithms and the limitation of hardware technology.
Nevertheless, he is confident in the future of quantum computing, believing that as technology continues to advance, quantum computing will play an increasingly important role in the development of artificial intelligence.
"Despite these challenges, I believe that with the continuous advancement of technology, quantum computing will certainly play an increasingly important role in promoting the development of artificial intelligence in the future," he said.
Collaboration between quantum computing and traditional computing
Dr. Yu Longwu believes that in the future, quantum computers will not completely replace traditional computers, but the two will develop together and play their respective roles.
Quantum computers have significant advantages when dealing with complex parallel computing tasks, while traditional computers still perform well when performing some simple, linear tasks.
By combining quantum computing with traditional computing, optimal computing efficiency and performance can be achieved.
"Quantum computing and traditional computing have their own strengths, and in the future the two will work together to achieve the best computing efficiency and performance," he said.
Specific Application Scenarios
In terms of specific application scenarios, Dr. Yu Longwu mentioned that quantum computing can play an important role in areas such as drug discovery, materials science, optimization problems, and financial modeling.
For example, in drug discovery, quantum computing can simulate the quantum behavior of molecules and accelerate the drug screening process; in materials science, quantum computing can help design new materials and optimize their performance; in optimization problems, quantum computing can quickly find the optimal solution and improve decision-making efficiency; in financial modeling, quantum computing can improve the accuracy of risk assessment and investment strategies.
"Quantum computing has broad application prospects in areas such as drug discovery, materials science, optimization problems, financial modeling, and can greatly enhance the level of research and application in these fields," he said.
Social Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Future Prospects
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society
At the end of the interview, Dr. Yu discussed the far-reaching impact of artificial intelligence on society.
He pointed out that artificial intelligence has great potential in improving productivity and quality of life.
For example, AI can be used in medical diagnostics to help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and improve treatment effectiveness; it can be used in autonomous driving to improve traffic safety and efficiency; it can be used in smart homes to make our lives more convenient and comfortable.
In addition, artificial intelligence can also be used for scientific research, accelerating scientific discoveries, and solving some of the major challenges facing humanity, such as climate change, energy shortage and so on.
"Artificial intelligence has great potential to boost productivity and improve quality of life, and can dramatically improve efficiency and effectiveness in all areas," he said.
Challenges and Risks Faced
However, Dr. Yu also warned about the challenges posed by artificial intelligence.
He mentioned that the development of artificial intelligence may lead to the disappearance of some traditional jobs, which will lead to employment problems.
Businesses may try to hire fewer people to perform the same tasks, resulting in large numbers of workers losing their jobs.
In addition, data privacy and security issues are also important challenges for AI.
AI requires a lot of data to train and operate, which may contain personal privacy and sensitive information, and how to protect the security of this data is a major challenge.
"The development of artificial intelligence may lead to the disappearance of some traditional jobs, and companies may try to hire fewer people to perform the same tasks, which will have a knock-on effect on the job market," he said.
Ethical and Moral Issues of Artificial Intelligence
The third is the ethical issue of artificial intelligence.
Dr. Yu Longwu pointed out that the development of artificial intelligence may bring some ethical and moral issues, such as whether artificial intelligence decision-making is fair, and whether artificial intelligence will pose a threat to human beings.
How to formulate and implement effective laws and policies to ensure that the development of AI is ethical and ethical is an issue that needs to be studied and explored in depth.
"The development of artificial intelligence raises a number of ethical and ethical issues, and we have to make sure that the development of artificial intelligence is ethical and ethical," he said.
Future outlook
Dr. Yu Longwu is full of expectations for the future development of artificial intelligence.
He hopes that AI can play a role in more fields, solve more practical problems, and make greater breakthroughs in intelligence and autonomy.
At the same time, he stressed that the development of artificial intelligence must be safe and controllable, and a sound artificial intelligence governance system needs to be established to ensure that it does not pose a threat to human society.
"I hope that AI can play a role in more areas, solve more practical problems, and at the same time ensure that the development of AI is safe and controllable," he said.
Advice for young researchers and students
Finally, Dr. Yu Longwu put forward several suggestions for young researchers and students.
He encouraged them to maintain their curiosity and spirit of exploration, focus on basic knowledge learning, develop interdisciplinary thinking skills, focus on teamwork and communication skills, and have a sense of social responsibility.
He believes that the younger generation of researchers will play an important role in the development of artificial intelligence in the future, bringing more benefits to human society.
"I encourage young researchers and students to remain curious and inquisitive, focus on basic learning, develop interdisciplinary thinking skills, focus on teamwork and communication skills, and be socially responsible," he said.
Summing up
In this in-depth interview, Dr. Yu Longwu painted a blueprint for the future of artificial intelligence and quantum computing for us.
His insights not only reveal the current direction of technology, but also provide us with ideas and ways to meet the challenges of the future.
With the continuous advancement of technology, artificial intelligence and quantum computing will continue to drive social progress and bring a better future for mankind.
Cheng Yi
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Interview with Dr. Yu Longwu: Looking forward to the future development of artificial intelligence and quantum computing

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

Terra Quantum is collaborating with NVIDIA to develop hybrid quantum algorithms and has a large library of them.

Title:

Content: Terra Quantum announces hybrid quantum computing collaboration with NVIDIA

Terra Quantum collaborates with NVIDIA to develop quantum-accelerated applications. The partnership aims to bridge the gap between classical and quantum computing, leveraging hybrid algorithms.

Terra Quantum, a quantum services company with headquarters in Germany and Switzerland, has today announced a collaboration with NVIDIA aimed at fostering the development of quantum-accelerated applications.

The chicken and egg conundrum

As the manufacturers of quantum computers and error correction mechanisms continue to compete in a qubit arms race, in order to do the algorithm research needed to develop applications that can leverage this technology, scientists need a solution to bridge the divide between classical and quantum computing. A chicken and egg conundrum that Terra Quantum has been working on since 2019 with its hybrid algorithm approach.

Focusing on harnessing the power of quantum computing, both hybrid now and native in the future, and applying it specifically in the fields optimisation, simulation, and machine learning, the Swiss/German outfit has assembled, in the words of its founder and CEO Markus Pflitsch, “one of the largest libraries in the world” of algorithms designed to not only deliver unprecedented accelerated computing solutions using today’s hybrid computational power but ones that will scale exponentially when native quantum hardware is realised.

The quantum inflection point

There is no arguing that NVIDIA has been instrumental, if not the linchpin in driving the explosion of AI technologies that proliferate today’s headlines.

The company is so crucial to the development of next-gen technologies that world governments have butted heads on who has dibs on the company’s next purchase orders.

And now, according to Pflitsch, we’re about to see the same revolution in quantum computing.

Driven by NVIDIA’s open-source CUDA Quantum initiative, a project that allows for the integration and programming of quantum processing units (QPU), graphics processing units (GPU), and central processing units (CPU) all in one system, the chicken and egg conundrum has seemingly met its match.

C-suite proof

While we’ve seen governments pour tremendous amounts of money into quantum, China $9.7 billion, the United States $1.9 billion, and the European Union $1.1 billion, government support can and will only take the market so far.

To fully realise and advance the potential of a technology, c-suite executives have to see the bottom line in dollars and cents. Helping to move this needle Terra Quantum has partnerships with a number of blue chip organisations including HSBC, Thales, and Schaeffler Group.

Now in collaboration with NVIDIA providing its CUDA Quantum participants with access to Terra Quantum’s library of algorithms, that needle is set to jump.

Pflitsch shared:

“We are using our hybrid quantum algorithms delivered on NVIDIA GPUs to deliver significant business impact today. This collaboration will not only accelerate this impact but also help unlock  a whole new range of opportunities in the areas of machine learning and simulation — while also setting a pathway for quantum computing.”

Furthermore, NVIDIA’s director of HPC and Quantum Tim Costa explained:

“Our collaboration with Terra Quantum will put CUDA Quantum into the hands of a new set of  researchers working to build the world’s first quantum accelerated applications, contributing to breakthroughs on the path to valuable quantum computing.”

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What are important areas in quantum research?

China is investing $9.7 billion in quantum technology.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

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The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in fields like logistics, energy, and healthcare.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

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What fields can quantum computers advance?

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in biomedicine to mimic molecule behavior and develop new drugs.

Title:

Content: We live in a quantum world.
Alexander Kholevo about his victory in the Scientific Prize "Sbera"
The winner of the Sbera Scientific Award in the Digital Universe nomination was Academician Alexander Kholevo, Chief Researcher of the Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, “for his fundamental contribution to quantum informatics and works that open the way to fundamentally new communication and computing systems. ”
What is this work and what is it important, we asked the academician himself.
— Alexander Semenovich, how was the quantum theory of information born and what preceded it?
The key and one of the most important words in information theory is noise.
This theory itself is the fight against noise in communication channels.
In conventional, classical information theory, thermal noise is combated, in quantum there is a specific quantum noise, and it requires a separate mathematical description.
Now in the development of quantum technologies, the fight against noise and interference in quantum communication channels and in computing devices has become the most important issue.
In 1948, Claude Shannon published his seminal work on classical information theory, and very soon, in the 1950s, Nobel laureate Denis Gabor posed the question of what additional interference is caused by the quantum nature of the information carrier, the electromagnetic field.
Then began to appear works of a physical, engineering nature.
Some of them were published in our journal “Problems of Information Transfer ”.
At that moment I came to the subject.
Who are your teachers?
— For me, the two main scientific institutions are the Moscow Phyztech, where I received my scientific education, and the Steklov Mathematical Institute, where I have been working for more than half a century.
A well-known enthusiast of mathematical education, A. P. Savin, worked in Phystech, he drew me into mathematics, and with his submission I wrote my first scientific work under the leadership of Professor M. A. Naimark, who read a course of functional analysis at MIPT.
And Mian is a whole mathematical universe and a separate story.
I was lucky enough to get into the department of probability theory, where I worked in the field of mathematical statistics under the tutelage of direct students of A. N. Kolmogorov - Yu. A. Rozanov, Yu. V. Prokhorov, A. N. Shiryaev, and L. N. Bolshev.
There I defended my PhD and almost immediately went to the library (there was no Internet yet): what to do next?
And I came across a topic called quantum communications.
I saw that a huge field of activity opens here, which allows you to combine the methods of mathematical statistics and the acquired knowledge from functional analysis.
This combination turned out to be very fruitful, and I began to work in this area and get the first results.
- What is Cholevo's theorem?
Can it be explained to non-mathematicians?
— Let me clarify that of my results, this one is the most well-known to the general public.
To explain the essence of the theorem, or Cholevo boundary, one can imagine a secret quantum communication channel with two participants.
In the context of this model, the classical amount of information that an eavesdropper can receive, whatever measurements he makes over this communication channel, cannot exceed a specific amount, which is called Cholevo information.
Knowing the upper quantum limit of what the eavesdropper can extract makes it possible to speed up the transmission and processing of information over the quantum channel.
Initially, this theorem had no cryptographic sound — it ’ s just some mathematical inequality that turned out to be a hard nut.
It was discussed for a long time, but it was not possible to prove it.
I managed to do it.
I was happy, although I had no idea at the time what practical consequences it might have.
Another theorem that follows this one is the quantum analogue of Shannon's coding theorem for a channel with noise.
Shannon's theorem states that if there is a noisy channel, then there is a way to transmit information at a certain maximum speed almost without error.
In other words, there is bandwidth that gives this upper bound of the speed of error-free transmission of information over a noisy channel.
To do this, you need to code the input signal in a special way, then decode it - there are codes that correct errors.
Here I must say about another scientific institution that played a big role in my fate.
This is the Institute for Information Transfer Problems, where Professor R. L. Dobrushin, also a student of Kolmogorov, worked, and he constantly pushed me towards the quantum analogue of Shannon ’ s theorem.
This was proved, and a theorem was obtained that shows that inequality is achievable, there is a way to reach the quantum boundary, and thereby it gives the throughput of the quantum channel.
— We have already said about some of the applied capabilities of quantum information theory.
What else is promising in this area?
— My research has developed mainly in the direction of quantum communications, where perhaps the greatest technological advances have now been achieved.
Optical communication systems have appeared, physicists have learned to distribute secret quantum keys all over the world, and we have communication lines that use the principles of quantum cryptography.
Here, too, there are problems that are being studied, in particular, the problems of repeaters, the sources of single photons.
If we talk about quantum computing, we are now in the so-called era of noisy quantum devices of intermediate size (NISQ).
- The noise again?
- That's exactly right.
This means that those devices that can be implemented in practice are imperfect in terms of accuracy, highly susceptible to interference and errors.
However, if these devices are used in combination with classical computers and supercomputers, it is possible to achieve accelerations in computing in the field of solving problems of multidimensional optimization, quantum chemistry, modeling molecules.
This raises the question of “price – quality ”: how much more expensive is such a quantum device than a classical one that can do the same work, even if for a longer time?
While there is no technology for mass production of quantum chips, there is not even a physical platform on which this should happen.
If we compare the situation with 1948, then a miracle happened: simultaneously with the creation of the theory of information, a transistor was invented, which formed the technological basis for the stunning progress of information technologies of the twentieth century.
Here the situation is different: there is no publicly available cheap technology for the production of quantum elements.
This task is on the agenda today, as is the fight against noise.
When will a new miracle happen?
When will a quantum computer finally arrive?
— Now the emphasis is not on miracles in such matters as, for example, the emergence of a full-scale quantum computer, which has been talked about a lot, but on the study and overcoming of quantum noise.
The author of the famous algorithm Peter Shore, speaking three years ago at the BBVA award for his progress at the forefront of science, said that it would be five to ten years before a quantum computer could do anything close to useful.
However, over time, these devices will provide revolutionary applications — for example, in biomedicine.
At the moment, it takes a huge amount of computer time to mimic the behavior of molecules, but quantum computers can achieve this and help develop new drugs and new materials.
On my own behalf, I would add that the significance of the second quantum revolution now taking place is also, and this should not be underestimated, that a wide mass of researchers are involved – not only physicists, but also IT specialists who did not know quantum physics, but learned it.
Quantum literacy has increased immeasurably over the past couple of decades, and this is very important because the quantum world is radically different from the classical world that surrounds us.
This is a world with completely different laws, and research on a broad front, which is now unfolding, including in Russia, is also very important for creating a favorable environment for the emergence of breakthrough discoveries and new solutions.
“This year ’ s Nobel Prize in Physics, as you know, was awarded for entangled quantum states – this is what you ’ ve been doing all your scientific life.
What can you say about this?
The current Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three researchers for testing the violation of Bell ’ s inequalities for so-called entangled states, but I prefer the term “entangled states. ”
It better reflects the substance of the case.
These are states with properties completely unusual for the classical world.
Coupling means such a strong correlation between particles that interacted, and then flew apart at a macroscopic distance (conditionally speaking, one to Moscow, the other to St. Petersburg) that even use the term “quantum pseudotelepathy ”.
This correlation is so strong that it cannot be modeled by any classical mechanism, and this state is a new information resource.
— What are the fundamental differences from the already known resources?
First, although it is so strong, it does not contradict the theory of relativity and the fact that it is impossible to transmit signals instantly, because it is limited by the speed of light.
But the information from one linked photon to another is transmitted instantly, that is, faster than the speed of light, and this is a paradox.
Ain't he?
- No, it's not transmitted instantly.
The trick is that it is not transmitted at all: coupled states do not allow this to be done.
Nevertheless, it is a kind of correlation that can be considered as a catalyst that enhances or improves the transfer of information.
If we have a receiver and a transmitter connected by an ideal communication channel, and the coupling is distributed between them, then the throughput of such a channel doubles.
This is called the “super-dense coding protocol. ”
This means that although cohesion itself does not allow information to be transmitted, when combined with a communication channel, it allows for an increase in the amount of information transmitted.
And there is also the quantum state teleportation protocol, which also allows for the use of coupling between input and output.
Quantum states cannot be transmitted over a conventional communication channel — say, over a radio channel, because quantum information is much richer, it contains statistics of a set of non-commuting observed, but nevertheless, if there is a catalyst in the form of a coupled state, then the transfer of the quantum state can occur through the classical channel.
You said teleportation.
And will it be possible to teleport material objects as in science fiction films?
— No, we are talking about the transfer of a special type of information, or quantum states, nothing is transferred materially.
We can't teleport Captain Kirk.
But these states exist, it must be taken into account and used.
— Does your scientific group have any original developments in this area?
— In our group, work was carried out in the direction of studying the throughput associated with cohesion.
If we take not an ideal channel, but a channel with strong noise, it turns out that the gain in using the coupling between the input and output is much more than twice.
Another direction is multiparticle cohesion, when there are not two participants, but several; a network arises.
Enthusiasts are talking about the quantum internet, though it may be too early.
But if this can be done, it will be possible to talk about networks with a sufficiently large number of participants, and they will be quantum-protected.
- For all these studies, you received the Scientific Award "Sbera".
How did you feel about it?
I was deeply touched.
This is an extremely high appreciation of my contribution to the creation of a new field, quantum computer science, and a confirmation that I once chose the right path.
In those years, it was completely unobvious.
I am still interested, and the prospects here are huge.
I have no doubt that the initiative of Sberbank, which established its own Scientific Award, will have far-reaching positive consequences for the development of science and technology.
Will she be able to become a Russian Nobel?
- Why not?
Such an award is a very attractive incentive for many young, and not only young scientists, and I hope that this initiative of Sberbank will become an example for other representatives of the business community in terms of supporting scientific research.
Interviewed by Natalia Leskova
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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computers can solve optimization problems and speed up information transmission, with potential applications in finance and logistics.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Google's Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy, completing a 10,000-year task in 200 seconds, and is now commercially available.

Title:

Content: Who invented the first quantum computer?

Who invented the first quantum computer?

**The first quantum computer was invented by a group of researchers led by physicist Isaac Chuang and computer scientist Neil Gershenfeld in 1998.**

Quantum computing has undoubtedly revolutionized the world of technology and opened up new possibilities for solving complex problems. As this fascinating field continues to grow, many people wonder who can be credited with the invention of the very first quantum computer. Well, the answer lies with a group of brilliant scientists who pushed the boundaries of computation to a whole new level.

What were the key contributions of Isaac Chuang and Neil Gershenfeld?

Isaac Chuang, a physicist, and Neil Gershenfeld, a computer scientist, collaborated in the 1990s to create the first practical quantum computer using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques.

How did their quantum computer work?

Chuang and Gershenfeld’s quantum computer utilized the principles of quantum mechanics, including quantum superposition and entanglement, to perform computations.

What breakthroughs did their quantum computer achieve?

Their quantum computer successfully executed Shor’s algorithm, which is capable of factoring large numbers exponentially faster than classical computers.

How did their invention impact the field of quantum computing?

Chuang and Gershenfeld’s invention marked a significant milestone in the development of quantum computers, inspiring subsequent researchers to explore new approaches and technologies for building more scalable and efficient quantum systems.

What limitations did the first quantum computer face?

The first quantum computer faced several limitations, including a high error rate due to the susceptibility of the NMR-based technology to decoherence.

Did Chuang and Gershenfeld receive recognition for their achievement?

Yes, their groundbreaking work gained recognition, and they were awarded the prestigious Richard P. Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology in 2001.

Has quantum computing technology improved since then?

Absolutely! Since Chuang and Gershenfeld’s invention, quantum computing has made tremendous strides with advancements in hardware design, quantum algorithms, error correction techniques, and the emergence of various quantum computing platforms.

Are there other researchers who significantly contributed to quantum computing?

Certainly! A multitude of researchers and scientists around the world has made notable contributions to the development of quantum computing, further expanding our understanding and capabilities in this field.

What are the potential applications of quantum computing?

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including cryptography, drug discovery, optimization problems, material science, and artificial intelligence.

Are quantum computers currently commercially available?

Although quantum computers are still in the early stages of development, there are some commercially available quantum computers offered by companies like IBM, Google, and Honeywell.

How far are we from achieving quantum supremacy?

Quantum supremacy refers to a point where a quantum computer can perform a calculation that is infeasible for any classical computer. While there have been promising demonstrations, achieving true quantum supremacy at scale is still a significant endeavor.

What are the biggest challenges in quantum computing today?

Some of the significant challenges in quantum computing include quantum decoherence, error correction, scaling up the number of qubits, and improving hardware reliability.

In conclusion, Isaac Chuang and Neil Gershenfeld can be credited for inventing the first quantum computer in 1998, marking a pivotal moment in the history of computing. Their pioneering work has inspired countless researchers, leading to remarkable advancements in quantum computing technology. As we continue to unravel the potential of this exciting field, it is crucial to acknowledge the many researchers who have contributed to shaping the future of quantum computing.

Scroll to Top

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

IBM, Google, and Honeywell offer commercially available quantum computers.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Finland is investing in quantum computing research, focusing on superconducting qubits and new components and algorithms.

Title:

Content: Finland has big plans for quantum computing applications

The QuTI project will develop new components, manufacturing and testing solutions, and algorithms for the needs of quantum computing applications.
25 January 2022

Quantum computing applications are expected to be adopted by more industries this year as organizations around the world begin testing the use cases for the technology. While organizations are the ones most looking forward to making the most of the technology, a few governments are also hoping quantum computing applications can improve their services.

In Finland, their first-ever quantum computer was commissioned at a research center near the capital. Scientists are expected to use it to study next-generation computing power. The 5 quantum-bit computers were developed to learn how to build a quantum computer, how to program one, and how to operate one in the future.

The state-owned VTT Technical Research Center (VTT) plays a crucial role in ensuring researchers learn in a range of scientific domains and making quantum computing applications ready for the industry. According to a report by Computer Weekly, the Finnish government believes that the best way to be ready for the quantum computing industry is to build a working quantum computer.

Computer Weekly also highlights five areas for quantum computing applications. They are in drug and materials discovery, supply chain and logistics, financial services, artificial intelligence, and cloud security.

For drug and materials discovery, Computer Weekly reports that a separate team in VTT which is the quantum algorithm team is developing algorithms to be used on the quantum computer. They are looking at two broad types of quantum computing applications. The first is to solve complex optimization problems that exist in many industries. This includes energy distribution, process control, and fleet management. The second is to predict the structures and properties of molecular formations more accurately and effectively. This will help accelerate drug discovery and the development of new materials.

While other countries are also developing quantum computer ecosystems, with the majority focusing on topics and platforms. Tech vendors like IBM and Google, who are also developing quantum use cases are not government-linked or owned and are mostly testing industry use cases.

Compared to the rest of the world, Finnish researchers focus almost exclusively on the superconducting qubit approach, which they have been using for years and know very well. In fact, a new research project has just been launched to accelerate the progress of Finnish quantum technology.

The QuTI project, coordinated by VTT, will develop new components, manufacturing and testing solutions, and algorithms for the needs of quantum technology. The QuTI consortium, partly financed by Business Finland, consists of 12 partners and has a total budget of around EUR 10 million.

For Professor Mika Prunnila, QuTI project’s coordinator, from VT, “Quantum technology is a multidisciplinary and rapidly advancing field. The QuTI consortium provides an ideal starting point for strengthening the international competitiveness of Finnish technology and industry in this fast-growing field.”

The quantum computing, communication and sensing devices to be developed in the QuTI project are largely based on expertise in microsystems, photonics, electronics, and cryogenics. The project develops customized software and algorithms hand in hand with the hardware, strengthening the Finnish quantum computing infrastructure. In addition, new tools will be created for quantum technology product development that will serve the needs of the QuTI project as well as the entire field of quantum technology.

As China and the US continue to battle each other for quantum computing supremacy, Finland is definitely building their presence in the industry as well. With the government supporting quantum computing initiatives, Finland might just have a quantum computing ecosystem on the horizon.

What are important areas in quantum research?

implementations of quantum processors
new types of qubits

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The QuTI project develops quantum computing components and algorithms through multidisciplinary research.

What are important areas in quantum research?

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in cryptography, where it can solve problems faster through parallel processing.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing can lead to breakthroughs in climate modeling, logistics, transportation, and energy.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing received $18 million in NSF funding to develop materials for scaling up quantum computers.

Title:

Content: A faster, smarter world could rely on UT research into materials that don't yet exist

Ryan Wilusz
Knoxville News Sentinel

The National Science Foundation is again putting its money on the University of Tennessee at Knoxville to shape a new world of technology − one where air travel is faster, batteries last longer and the world's most complex computers can live in your office.

The NSF, which recently awarded $1 million to a UT-led electric vehicle research coalition, is investing $18 million over six years to fund the Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing at UT.

The center will focus on two things: creating advanced alloys and ceramics that can withstand extreme environments, and using artificial intelligence to discover, create and understand new quantum materials.

Though it sounds complex, this research could have applications that directly affect Tennesseans' futures. The researchers leading these efforts shared with Knox News some exciting ways the science could be applied to everyday life.

Faster-flight 'journeys' could require new materials

Kate Page, an assistant professor in UT's department of materials science and engineering, is leading the efforts related to alloys and ceramics.

Page told Knox News standard materials can't always withstand high levels of heat and, when it comes to flight, that can be a problem at extremely high speeds.

If the future involves traveling faster and for longer distances, she said, "we'll definitely need completely new materials to accompany us on those journeys."

The same approach could apply to drilling deep into the Earth and journeying deep into the ocean, as highlighted by the implosion of the Titan submersible.

It's not quite clear how Titan lost contact during its journey, Page said, but it conjures a worthwhile point: It's not just vessels that need to be durable in extreme situations, but their computing and communication components as well.

While not as consumer-focused, the area Page is leading also will have a strong focus on applications with nuclear reactors.

In addition to the center operating out of UT's Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing at Cherokee Farm, it also will have space at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Shull Wollan Center.

Computers that can solve the most complex of problems

Adrian Del Maestro, head of UT's department of physics and astronomy, will lead the research related to new quantum materials.

By using artificial intelligence, he told Knox News, researchers should be able to discover and understand new types of materials the human brain can't decipher on its own.

One major area of focus will be finding new materials and techniques to scale-up quantum computers, making them accessible to more consumers.

These types of computers, mostly found at major tech headquarters, are capable of solving problems far more complex than the average consumer computer can handle.

These computers have the potential to discover new drugs and solve the classic traveling salesman problem, in which businesses seek to maximize logistical strategies to save time and money.

This research could also change the way batteries are created through "rational design" − that is, creating a material best-suited for a long-lasting battery rather than selecting from materials that already exist.

Del Maestro said this research also could be applied to navigation in the absence of GPS, which could have applications in future space exploration.

Education through new University of Tennessee research center

The Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing will have roughly 10 graduate students joining each area of research, as well as six post-doctoral associates. A research faculty member will be hired for each team, Page said, and more than 200 undergraduates will participate in the center over six years.

"This is going much wider and also deeper into a very specific area of fundamental human interest and need," she said. "And so, the idea is these are extremely complex problems, and they are not best studied by one small group here and one small group there."

UT is among nine institutes equally splitting NSF's $162 million investment in Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers across the country. The UT center plans to launch in September, Page said.

"The centers will engage with local startups and the business community, including those within their respective states, to form partnerships that can take novel materials from the discovery phase to commercialization," according to a news release.

Ryan Wilusz is a downtown growth and development reporter. Phone 865-317-5138. Email ryan.wilusz@knoxnews.com. Instagram @knoxscruff.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The center will engage with local startups and involve over 200 undergraduates and 10 graduate students to commercialize novel materials.

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields and industries, with significant investments being made to advance it.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing has potential to solve complex problems in fields like chemistry, materials science, and optimization.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

Quantum computing development is expected to continue with advancements in qubit count, quantum volume, and error correction.

What are important areas in quantum research?

Quantum computing faces challenges like qubit stability and scalability that researchers and companies are addressing.

What are important areas in quantum research?

The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in logistics, energy, and healthcare, with applications in drug discovery and climate modeling.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market is expected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at 35.5% CAGR.

Major cloud-based quantum computing vendors include Accenture, AWS, Baidu, and IBM.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

The research and academia segment is expected to hold the largest market share, dominated by North America.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in fields like chemistry and materials science, with applications in drug discovery and financial modeling.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

Terra Quantum is collaborating with NVIDIA to develop hybrid quantum algorithms and has a large library of them.

What are important areas in quantum research?

China is investing $9.7 billion in quantum technology.

Title:

Content: Terra Quantum announces hybrid quantum computing collaboration with NVIDIA

Terra Quantum collaborates with NVIDIA to develop quantum-accelerated applications. The partnership aims to bridge the gap between classical and quantum computing, leveraging hybrid algorithms.

Terra Quantum, a quantum services company with headquarters in Germany and Switzerland, has today announced a collaboration with NVIDIA aimed at fostering the development of quantum-accelerated applications.

The chicken and egg conundrum

As the manufacturers of quantum computers and error correction mechanisms continue to compete in a qubit arms race, in order to do the algorithm research needed to develop applications that can leverage this technology, scientists need a solution to bridge the divide between classical and quantum computing. A chicken and egg conundrum that Terra Quantum has been working on since 2019 with its hybrid algorithm approach.

Focusing on harnessing the power of quantum computing, both hybrid now and native in the future, and applying it specifically in the fields optimisation, simulation, and machine learning, the Swiss/German outfit has assembled, in the words of its founder and CEO Markus Pflitsch, “one of the largest libraries in the world” of algorithms designed to not only deliver unprecedented accelerated computing solutions using today’s hybrid computational power but ones that will scale exponentially when native quantum hardware is realised.

The quantum inflection point

There is no arguing that NVIDIA has been instrumental, if not the linchpin in driving the explosion of AI technologies that proliferate today’s headlines.

The company is so crucial to the development of next-gen technologies that world governments have butted heads on who has dibs on the company’s next purchase orders.

And now, according to Pflitsch, we’re about to see the same revolution in quantum computing.

Driven by NVIDIA’s open-source CUDA Quantum initiative, a project that allows for the integration and programming of quantum processing units (QPU), graphics processing units (GPU), and central processing units (CPU) all in one system, the chicken and egg conundrum has seemingly met its match.

C-suite proof

While we’ve seen governments pour tremendous amounts of money into quantum, China $9.7 billion, the United States $1.9 billion, and the European Union $1.1 billion, government support can and will only take the market so far.

To fully realise and advance the potential of a technology, c-suite executives have to see the bottom line in dollars and cents. Helping to move this needle Terra Quantum has partnerships with a number of blue chip organisations including HSBC, Thales, and Schaeffler Group.

Now in collaboration with NVIDIA providing its CUDA Quantum participants with access to Terra Quantum’s library of algorithms, that needle is set to jump.

Pflitsch shared:

“We are using our hybrid quantum algorithms delivered on NVIDIA GPUs to deliver significant business impact today. This collaboration will not only accelerate this impact but also help unlock  a whole new range of opportunities in the areas of machine learning and simulation — while also setting a pathway for quantum computing.”

Furthermore, NVIDIA’s director of HPC and Quantum Tim Costa explained:

“Our collaboration with Terra Quantum will put CUDA Quantum into the hands of a new set of  researchers working to build the world’s first quantum accelerated applications, contributing to breakthroughs on the path to valuable quantum computing.”

Lead image: benzoix

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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in materials science to accurately simulate chemistry and reactions.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

Quantum computing has potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence, with universities like Oxford, Harvard, and MIT conducting research.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

The quantum computing market is expected to reach $234.06 billion by 2032, driven by innovation from major players like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell.

Quantum computing can solve complex problems in logistics, energy, and healthcare, with applications in drug discovery and climate modeling.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Researchers are exploring quantum computing's potential in biomedicine to mimic molecule behavior and develop new drugs.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computers can solve optimization problems and speed up information transmission, with potential applications in finance and logistics.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Google's Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy, completing a 10,000-year task in 200 seconds, and is now commercially available.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

IBM, Google, and Honeywell offer commercially available quantum computers.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Finland is investing in quantum computing research, focusing on superconducting qubits and new components and algorithms.

What are important areas in quantum research?

implementations of quantum processors
new types of qubits

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The QuTI project

The QuTI project