Additives like antibiotics and pesticides are used in salmon farming to control disease and parasites.

Probiotics and prebiotics are used in salmon farming feed to improve growth and immunity.

Mealworms are used as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal in salmon farming.

Salmon farming additives can pose health concerns, including bacterial transfer and antibiotic resistance.

Farmed salmon has higher contaminant levels, like PCBs, than wild salmon, posing health risks.

Eating farmed salmon more than once a month can increase cancer risk due to high PCB levels.

Salmon farming additive regulations vary by country in strictness.

In Norway, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority regulates additives in salmon farming with strict standards.

In Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency regulates additives in salmon farming through an approved list for fish feed.

Regulations on salmon farming additives are crucial to prevent health and environmental issues.

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification promotes responsible aquaculture by setting environmental and social standards.

The ASC certification ensures salmon farms minimize environmental impact by reducing waste and promoting biodiversity.

Implementing practices like IMTA and eco-labeling can minimize salmon farming's environmental impact.

IMTA systems combine species like mussels and oarweed to remove waste and promote sustainable aquaculture.

The use of additives in salmon farming requires careful consideration of health and environmental impacts and implementation of sustainable practices.

Additives like antibiotics and pesticides are used in salmon farming to control disease and parasites.

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Anticipating obsolescence: The next step to enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture

With growing concerns about the environmental toll of single species fish farms, a research project has been looking at the feasibility of introducing a more sustainable and potentially more profitable method of fish farming, using three complementary species.

Much as native American people planted squash, maize and climbing beans together to benefit each other, (often called the "three sisters"), farming finned-fish, shellfish and seaweeds together could benefit each other and reduce any environmental effects of fish farming. Small scale integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), as the system is called, has traditionally been used at a small domestic scale in Asia, providing the farmer with more than one product to sell or use.

The feasibility study conducted by Bangor University and published in Ecological Modelling has identified the locations around the Atlantic coast which would be most suitable for IMTA, based on farming salmon, and Oarweed, a type of kelp seaweed commonly found in temperate Atlantic coasts. The research considered the natural distribution of the three species, whether suitable locations clashed with busy shipping lanes or marine protected areas and whether there was close access to sizeable ports in order to reach markets.

The western coast of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland; Lough Swilly in County Donegal, Ireland, and the western coast of Brittany, northwest France were found to be the best locations to further develop IMTA based aquaculture.

As Conchúr Hughes of Bangor University's School of Ocean Sciences explained, "One of the problems with the type of single species aquaculture practiced in Europe is that excess food and feces can lead to deterioration of local ecology, while density can mean that aquaculture companies need to use antibiotics and other additives to maintain a healthy fish-stock.

"Mussels are filter feeders, they can be responsible for removing up to 54% of salmon waste materials from the , using it as energy to grow, while the oarweed removes soluble nutrients from the water column. Oarweed can then be farmed to use in a variety of products, from food supplements for human consumption or for fish farms, as a fertilizer or as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals.

"Each of these species complements the other and mitigates against problems."

IMTA-based aquaculture

Both salmon and mussels are important food sources in Europe, and while oarweed is not as yet, this is a sector that is expected to experience a rapid increase in demand in the coming years- and can provide an alternative sustainable source of fertilizer and other products.

Seaweed cultivation can also provide environmental benefits. The seaweed in the water acts as a buffer against as it approaches the shore, reducing the energy as it passes through the seaweed, much as trees act as a buffer against strong winds, which can help reduce erosion. It also elevates the pH and oxygenates the water.

More information: Conchúr Hughes et al, Habitat suitability modelling for an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system along Europe's Atlantic coast, Ecological Modelling (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110459

Provided by Bangor University

Citation: Anticipating obsolescence: The next step to enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture (2023, September 27) retrieved 27 September 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-09-obsolescence-sustainability-aquaculture.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

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What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

Probiotics and prebiotics are used in salmon farming feed to improve growth and immunity.

Title:

Content: Yogurt is amazing! Feeding Wu Guo to eat for 2 months, the fisherman smiles and wears a helmet: anti-collision
▲ The water laboratory said that in recent years, due to climate change, the unusually high temperature in the summer, it is easy to cause the fish to be attacked by germs. (Photo by reporter Yang Chih-hing)
Journalist Hsu Chien-yi / reporting from Taipei
In recent years, the unusually high temperature in summer has led to the outbreak of germs, which has caused great losses to farmers. The probiotic Lactic Acid Bacillus B4, which helps to improve fish growth and enhance their immunity, and its glucan product Lactic Acid Bacillus B4 functional yogurt was added to the feed. Farming time to reduce the risk of breeding.
The water laboratory pointed out that glucan can be used as an emulsifier and thickener flavor carrier in food processing. In terms of health care, research shows that glucan can be used as a prebiotic to increase the number of probiotics - bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the body, and regulate immunity.
As mentioned in the water test, lactic acid bacteria B4, previously screened from the gut of perch fish, is a probiotic with special enzymes. Adding cheap sucrose can promote the production of glucan by lactic acid bacteria B4, and developed functional yogurt and ice cream containing glucan with lactic acid bacteria B4.
[Advertisement] Please continue reading...
According to the water test, the literature points out that probiotics or prebiotics such as glycans and oligosaccharides as feed additives can effectively improve the growth and immunity of fish and shrimp. The combined use of probiotics and prebiotics is usually higher than the combined effect of the two alone. Probiotics that produce pathogens can also produce glucans themselves, so the lactobacillus B4 yogurt is applied to aquaculture.
Experimental studies show that the addition of lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt in the feed helps to improve the growth and resistance to pathogens.
▲ The feed in the test tank is evenly mixed with lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt and the feed by an electric mixer.
(Photo / Supplied by Aquatic Research Institute)
In recent years, due to climate change, the unusually high temperature in summer can easily lead to the outbreak of germs, causing the death of fish and loss of farmers. Three years ago, the Kaohsiung City Animal Protection Department sought technical assistance from the water laboratory. 4 Yogurt feed for 2 months, fish feeding conditions are better than the control pond, growth is very fast, at the end of May harvest, no disease, fish average weight 570 grams, strong and healthy.
When the fish are harvested, the fisherman must wear a safety helmet to avoid being injured by the energetic Wu Kuo. The fish in the control pond eat worse than the test pond and grow more slowly. In mid-June, the fish suffered from streptococcus disease. It must be treated with drugs. The average weight is 467 grams, which is much lower than the average. Test pool.
The water laboratory further stressed that in order to understand whether the feed containing lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt can really survive the cool summer, and the Kaohsiung Municipal Bureau of Animal Protection specially arranged the test in the summer the previous year. The results showed that although the test group and the control group of the fish containing lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt were all suffering from streptococcal disease, the test group were milder drug. The treatment only takes 3 days to heal, and the control group is more serious, requiring more than 7 days of drug treatment.
Therefore, the addition of lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt in broccoli feed helps to improve the growth and health of the fish, shortens the breeding time, reduces the breeding risk and slows the severity of the disease, and the cost of adding lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt per kilogram of feed is only about 0.5 yuan.
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Mealworms are used as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal in salmon farming.

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Content: World’s Largest Insect Farm to Open in France

Once fully operational, the massive vertical farm will produce 200,000 tonnes of insect-based ingredients a year.

Ÿnsect, one of the world’s largest insect rangers, is betting big on bugs to help push the world in a more sustainable direction.

Founded in 2011, the company is fast approaching its goal of opening the world’s largest insect farm and dramatically scaling up its operations. Located about an hour north of Paris, the state-of-the-art facility will leverage automated systems and vertical farming techniques to raise mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and enable the production of over 200,000 tonnes of insect-based ingredients per year. The site, estimated to be completed by the end of 2022, will join two other Ÿnsect facilities already operational in France and the Netherlands.

"It’s an automated warehouse, very similar to an Amazon warehouse, where instead of storing stuff, we are storing live insects," Ÿnsect CEO and co-founder Antoine Hubert told Time last year. "There is a climate-control system which is highly complex to maintain temperature and moisture from zero to 30 meters high. All operations are automated. Anything that you do on [an insect] farm is done with robots."

Feed for Fish, Fertilizer for Plants, Burgers for Humans

For the past decade, mealworms cultivated at Ÿnsect’s farms have been turned into powders and oils that have become nutritional additives to pet and farm feeds. Thanks to a ruling last year by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) that deemed mealworms safe for human consumption, the company has also begun selling its powders for shakes, cereal bars, pasta, and even alt-meat burgers. In addition, the shed shells of the rapidly growing mealworms are collected and sold as beneficial organic fertilizers to farmers.

According to MealFlour, a project that promotes mealworm farming as a way to battle malnutrition in Guatemala, a serving of mealworm powder is 55% protein, contains all essential amino and fatty acids, and has more iron than sirloin beef. Compared to the production of milk, pork, chicken, and beef, mealworms are also more sustainable and require fewer resources and energy.

While its recent forays into human foodstuffs have garnered attention, Ÿnsect's focus presently remains on helping to feed sustainably the animals that feed the world. For instance, aquaculture, like salmon farming, is a resource-intensive operation that uses both land-based crops (soy) and massive amounts of wild-caught fish to create what's known as fishmeal. With food production projected to have to grow by more than 70% by 2050 to meet demand, the overfishing of oceans to feed aquaculture operations is not a feasible option. Studies, such as a recent trial by NOAA, have shown that supplementing or even replacing fishmeal with insect- and plant-based foods holds promise for eliminating the need for wild-caught sources. According to Hubert, there are other positives as well.

"They [salmon] were reaching the maturity stage faster and eating less so they were avoiding a large quantity of feed," he told Fast Company in 2020. "There was less mortality so the farmers get more fish eventually than before... This also explains why we have a carbon-negative balance, because we are avoiding so many quantities of inputs to feed fish to have the same quantities of fish."

Hubert added to Fast Company that Ÿnsect has contracts worth more than $100 million with fish feed producers. This past year, with the acquisition of U.S.-based mealworm producer Jord, it also began entering new markets, such as the rapidly growing U.S. backyard chicken feed market.

A Record-Breaking Vertical Farm

One look at the animated video of Ÿnsect’s new facility up above and you can see why it’s been touted as an automated marvel. Mealworms will be reared by robots in stacked tubs stretching several stories tall. Unlike other insect food alternatives such as flies or crickets, mealworms do not hop or fly, allowing the company to maximize the space available.

In an effort to make sure the creatures are ethically farmed, Hubert reached out to philosophers from the Sorbonne University to judge their welfare. As he told The Guardian, the students determined that the mealworms had "more in common with mushroom-growing and hothousing vegetables" than with livestock.

"They have no brain in the strict sense of the word," he said. "We know they have a reflex reaction and they communicate and build intelligent structures, but nobody has shown they feel anything. However, what is important is to respect them as living organisms, which we do."

In addition to the new farm in France, Ÿnsect plans to continue to scale its operations with additional facilities, including a major site in the U.S. The biggest hurdle ahead, however, says Hubert, is making insects a normal part of everyday diets.

"I believe that the big challenge is accepting insects as part of the human diet," he told Authority Magazine. "A large part of the world's population eats insects, but we must be able to prove its properties and its benefits for the environment in order to reach more and have more impact!"

View Article Sources
  1. "Ÿnsect Welcomes European Interministerial Delegation to Amiens." Ynsect.

  2. "Why Eat Mealworms?" MealFlour.

  3. "Edible Insects." Food and Agriculture Organization.

  4. van Dijk, Michiel, et al. "A Meta-Analysis of Projected Global Food Demand and Population At Risk of Hunger for the Period 2010–2050." Nature Food, vol. 2, no. 7, 2021, pp. 494-501., doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00322-9

  5. "The Future of Fish Feed May Lie in Insects, Mold, and Algae." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Salmon farming additives can pose health concerns, including bacterial transfer and antibiotic resistance.

Title:

Content: Detecting 6 fish pores in Hama that feed its fish with waste that leads to carcinogenic diseases
13-04-2023
Detecting 6 fish pores in Hama that feed its fish with waste that leads to carcinogenic diseases
The Director of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection in Hama Riad Zeyoud revealed the seizure of 6 fish feeds farmed fish harmful to humans when eating them.
Zeyoud explained that three fish were seized in the Kazuo Valley, providing the fish of breeding with non-heat-treated residues, which may transfer the spores of Salmonella and Escherichia coli, which cause various diseases and health problems to humans when eaten by the consumer who buys and feeds those fish.
In the same context, the head of the Consumer Protection Department in Hama, Dr. Jaafar Al-Safaf, pointed out that a fourth fish was seized in the same area in violation of feeding the fish, the waste of chicken slaughterhouses that are not heat-treated, pointing out that these fish were not confiscated because they could not be transported and are in the process of growth.
Al-Safaf also pointed out in the same context that the seizure of the Shorouk fish in the Kazuo Valley was also in violation of feeding the waste of the chicken slaughterhouses without heat treatment, with the amount of one and a half tons of catfish, and the owner was fined a total value of 12 million Syrian pounds, in addition to organizing the seizure of Aboud fish in the same area and the type of the violation. Syrian pound.
After communicating with the veterinarian Bilal Ismail, he pointed out that the food mentioned (the waste of broiler slaughterhouses) provided to fish is for obtaining animal protein, which works to increase the food conversion within a short period, but when resorting to this method must be subjected to microbial and viral surveillance, without which may lead to common diseases between fish and consumers (chronic or carcinogenic diseases).
He added that these residues, if their bacterial virulence is large, may lead to the occurrence of the breeder in large economic losses on the one hand, and on the other hand will be a health disaster transmitted to human consumers even if the disease is controlled through the use of antibiotics after trespassing with waste, and known fish that are given these residues by their meat and feeling unpalatable to human consumption.
Trace.

What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

Farmed salmon has higher contaminant levels, like PCBs, than wild salmon, posing health risks.

Title:

Content: Miscellaneous
Publish Date: December 13, 2021 8: 47 GMT
Updated on: December 13, 2021 9: 40 GMT
Study: Eating Too Much ‘ Farm Salmon ’ May Cause Cancer
A medical study published on Monday warned that overeating salmon raised in farm ponds could lead to cancer.
The Daily Newspaper noted.
+ A -A
Source: Erm News
A medical study published on Monday warned that overeating salmon raised in farm ponds could lead to cancer.
The Daily Express newspaper pointed out that "some previous studies found that salmon, jam in ponds, which is widely consumed around the world, doubles the risk of prostate cancer," pointing out that "salmon is a useful food source for health because it contains omega-3 fatty acids."
"While one salmon is caught in open water, like the seas, the other is bred in tight spaces (farms and ponds), which could have implications for human health," the paper said.
Studies have found that PCBs in farm-raised salmon were about 8 times higher than concentrations in wild salmon, adding that PCBs have been banned for commercial use for decades, but their effects can still be found in the environment, which may adversely affect human diet and therefore health.
According to a study by the Environmental Defense Fund, eating salmon raised in farm ponds on a regular basis may increase the risk of cancer after multiple cases of contamination have been detected in the United States and other countries.
"Medical scientific findings, published in the Journal of Medical Sciences, suggest that cheap farmed salmon sold in stores may do more harm than good."
“Risk analysis suggests that consumption of farmed Atlantic salmon may pose health risks that detract from the beneficial effects of fish consumption, ” the study said.
Eating farmed salmon more than once a month may be enough to increase the risk of cancer.
"In multivariate analyses, men with the highest concentrations of PCBs were twice as likely to develop prostate cancer than men with the lowest concentrations."
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What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

Eating farmed salmon more than once a month can increase cancer risk due to high PCB levels.

What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

Salmon farming additive regulations vary by country in strictness.

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Content: Alert
The first wave of large-scale private school exits has hit the "Carpentry School" with more directors and supervisors.
More than 70% of the mortgage can be borrowed from the central bank.
Remember to bring an umbrella after work! 11 counties and cities rain special report to fear the road to night
More than 300 people change their name to eat enough … your favorite salmon is abused and pollutes the sea? Netflix "Ocean Conspiracy" exposed to the black screen
In the past, more than 300 people in Taiwan changed their name after turning around the famous sushi restaurant “Sushi Lang ” to launch the“ Free Salmon to Eat ” campaign, setting off a “salmon chaos ” in society, showing the people ’ s love for salmon.
With Netflix ’ s new ecological crisis documentary “Seaspiracy ”, which exposes the problems of antibiotics released by“ sea captive salmon ” and fears of pollution, as well as millions of salmon crammed in underwater cages, mercilessly attacked by fish lice, and violating the nature of wild migration, people can ’ t help but look at the issue of animal persecution. It has been proven to sense pain.
What are the cruelties hidden in the world-famous seafood “farmed salmon ”?
How can fish welfare be improved?
More than 300 people changed their name to "salmon" to eat! The salmon that Taiwanese love to eat is not wild at all.
As with many livestock farms on the land, salmon is of high economic value, so many aquaculture operators around the world use sea box nets to trap and breed salmon in captivity, and regularly feed them to pipelines in order to obtain huge "salmon gold" business opportunities.
If you look at Taiwan from a perspective, according to the statistics of customs imports and exports in 2020, the weight of locally imported “captive salmon ” alone is as high as 18,000 tons, with a total value of about NT $5.15 billion.
On the other hand, even if the world is hit by the epidemic in 2020, Norway, the world ’ s largest exporter of salmon, not only will the production of salmon still reach 1.1 million tons, but the export volume will also reach a record second high.
But with the release of Netflix ’ s new marine crisis documentary “Seaspiracy ” in 2023, the blood-soaked disclosure of the sea farming salmon behind the following three unknown dark sides, finally let the terrible“ salmon hell ” shake the world.
1.
High-density farmed salmon have nowhere to escape! Scales and fins are mercilessly devoured by sea lice parasites
Compared to free wild salmon, captive salmon are likely to be crowded together by the fish, constantly colliding, friction, conflict, and nowhere to hide, resulting in scales, kisses, and fins are broken, infectious anemia, spinal deformities and other symptoms, and are more likely to be parasitized by sea lice.
For example, a survey by the global animal lobby welfare organization Compassion in World Farming found that floating dead fish can be found everywhere in crowded salmon farms, and such a harsh living environment is simply a hotbed for the spread of disease.
What is even more frightening is that once the salmon is entangled in sea lice, the scales, skin tissue, surface mucus and blood on the body will soon become food for the parasites.
As the scales of the salmon gradually disappear, in addition to the pain of the body beginning to erode, the pain of infection in the wound or loss of immunity can also plunge them into the abyss of death.
For example, in the clip of "The Ocean Conspiracy", it directly captures the horror of the salmon being eaten alive by a parasite to the eyes, the limbs, and the body.
2.
Marine farmed salmon put into chemicals, antibiotics! Marine pollution affects ecological food chain
In order to solve the salmon nightmare, farmers have to put a lot of irritating chemicals and antibiotics into the box to remove sea lice and reduce the risk of disease in high-density breeding, or to increase the water temperature and try to kill sea lice.
But the pumps and containers used by the former to transport chemicals have undoubtedly made the salmon's sea cages smaller and tighter, while the temperature of the latter has already exceeded the range that the salmon can adapt to, and each of them has brought great pain to the salmon.
At the same time, antibiotics and pesticides flowing into the sea will of course lead to pollution of the surrounding environment, and the organic waste generated by captive salmon will also seriously affect the entire bottom ecology.
In April 2023, the environmental group Greenpeace accused Chile ’ s salmon farming industry of dumping sewage into the ocean, killing more than 5,000 tons of salmon from oxidation.
3.
Undersea cages violate the migratory nature of wild salmon! Millions of animals are ignored
Not only that, Scotland, the world ’ s third largest Atlantic salmon farming exporter, which supplies about 10% of Taiwan ’ s salmon imports each year, has also been raised by the farm animal protection group Compassion in World Farming (CIWF) at the end of 2020, pointing directly to the 22 farms of the local five largest salmon farming companies, and raising millions of salmon in the sea bottom in one breath, completely depriving them of their migratory nature.
Because the migratory nature of salmon has always been a mystery in the animal world, some studies have suggested that salmon can always find the "origin" by remembering the special smell of their birthplace, or by being guided by the magnetic fields of the Sun and Earth.
Regardless of the truth, the physiological structure of salmon is obviously sensitive to sensing the environment, judging the location, and even evading electric shocks in real time.
Therefore, allowing them to roam aimlessly in the box for many years is a kind of cruelty to the body and spirit, depriving the fish instinct of long-distance migration.
All the unhealthy salmon raised in captivity are eaten by humans!
Food chain security in jeopardy
In other words, the three major concerns of captive salmon at sea have caused more than 25% of Scotland ’ s fish populations to suffer and die before they are slaughtered, resulting in a huge waste of food and a complete disregard for animal welfare.
In addition, countless dead fish have been dumped directly in open barrels by Scottish farmers, allowing wild birds and other wildlife to come into contact for food, potentially endangering the safety of other ecological chains.
Salmon farming on land is more humane to the earth! Salmon business opportunities and marine conservation to create food sustainability
Fortunately, this traditional salmon farming method is expected to gradually come to an end.
Because the international company Atlantic Sapphire has been developing "land salmon farm" for 10 years, and in 2022, it invested nearly 4 billion US dollars (about 112 billion US dollars) to build the world's largest land salmon farm Bluehouse in Florida, the United States.
The biggest feature of the land salmon farm is the use of the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) to effectively control the temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen content of the water body, and effectively eliminate carbon dioxide and filter waste, to ensure that the salmon are free from parasites and diseases, while reducing the possibility of marine pollution.
Johan Andreassen, CEO of Atlantic Sapphire: “Ten years ago no one believed that farming salmon on land was financially viable; now Atlantic Sapphire is finally proving that it works, so the question now is how much competition there will be and how much scale there will be in this industry. ”
In order to prove that land-based salmon farming will eventually become a trend in the marine industry, Atlantic Sapphire CEO Johan Andreassen is also looking further into the future, with an estimated 372,000 square meters of fish tanks on about 650,000 square meters of land by 2031, allowing land-based salmon to meet 41% of the annual salmon consumption in the United States.
Also thanks to Atlantic Sapphire, one of the world ’ s largest salmon producers, Norwegian company Grieg Seafood has entered into a joint venture with Årdal Aqua to build a 5,000-tonne annual land farm there.
Salmon Evolution, also from Norway, joined forces with Dongwon Industries, South Korea ’ s largest seafood company, in 2023 to expand its “salmon footprint ” to South Korea.
At the same time, Benchmark Genetics, an aquaculture company that has always strictly controlled the quality of salmon eggs, now sells up to 10% of its salmon eggs to the land-based farming industry to improve the yield and quality of “land-based captive salmon. ”
People from all walks of life, through their own efforts, hope to work for the welfare of salmon, no longer be poisoned by the lust of human words, even if they reproduce artificially, they can also maintain their physical and mental health, and achieve the true meaning of "sustainable food" on earth.
Extended reading:
Taitung version roasted sushi to eat raw meat? Ami youth innovates traditional cuisine with Japanese soul
24 / 7 APP monitoring of Taiwan 's sea bream! Yunlin' s "0 turtle pond" creates 42 times more than 300 million business opportunities
(This article is from the 2023.07.02 "Vision" website and is prohibited from reproducing without consent.)
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In Norway, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority regulates additives in salmon farming with strict standards.

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Women’s lives were in immediate danger. It was necessary to act quickly to save them. Ms. McPhedran has a decades-long record of fighting on behalf of women and girls. She received the Order of Canada for her humanitarian efforts.

Canada promised to take 40,000 Afghan refugees and has taken to date about 28,000. We should ramp up support for Afghans, not question support given under desperate conditions to save lives.

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Everything now should be fair game, and the Premier continues to pay the price.

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Re “John Tory’s departure leaves leadership vacuum at Toronto city hall” (Feb. 13): John Tory demonstrated astonishing hubris and, ultimately, a lack of respect for Torontonians by running for a third term as mayor, while still conducting his affair.

Did he honestly believe that it would not come to light in the next four years? Toronto now has to scramble to conduct a by-election, at huge cost to taxpayers when the city faces many pressing issues.

I will be wary of voting for a “star candidate” in any future election.

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If the people of Toronto recognize what’s good for them, they should not accept Mayor John Tory’s resignation.

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Anne Baker Toronto

I have always been a supporter of John Tory. He offered so much hope and promise to find a better way, first for Ontario and then for Toronto.

Unfortunately, it has become apparent to me that always searching for consensus is no way to lead. In most cases, those consensus relationships can only lead to failure.

Hopefully Toronto can now find someone who has the vision and strength to actually lead, and not just a dream that a blend of what everyone wants is the way forward. This desire goes nowhere, leading to sadness and resignation.

Toronto needs a courageous leader who has a mission to make the city better, and is ready to fight for it.

Jimmy Molloy Toronto

Off the hook

Re “Shuttering salmon farms not just threatens jobs but also hurts the environment” (Report on Business, Feb. 7): “Self-interest” is in the eye of the beholder. I think these contributors should look in the mirror.

I have campaigned against open-net pen salmon farming – feedlot aquaculture – for 12 years. I don’t oppose aquaculture, if done properly.

If this is self-interest – guilty. Mine lies in protecting our wild fisheries and coastal waters.

Ridding our coastline of open-net pens wouldn’t translate into more Chilean and Norwegian salmon, which are implied to be worse than Canadian stock. Let’s change our way of thinking: Stop government support for outdated methods and encourage transitions to land-based salmon production. We can keep salmon farming here in Canada while protecting our coastal environment.

I believe open-net pens are a disastrous aquaculture model. Call me cynical, but I suspect critics know that already.

Stewart Lamont Managing director, Tangier Lobster Company; Tangier, N.S.

Almost 20 years ago, residents of the Skeena River watershed in British Columbia formed Friends of Wild Salmon, a coalition to stop fish farms moving into the mouth of the river. We did so not just because wild salmon contribute millions of dollars and hundreds of jobs to the region, but because we also understood their importance to wildlife and the forest ecosystem.

Critics dismiss our actions as being “not based on peer-reviewed science,” but we had no trouble finding plenty of credible research about the harm fish farms can cause wild salmon.

Andrew Williams Founding chairman, Friends of Wild Salmon; Kentville, N.S.

This opinion reveals to me how far apart this industry and its well-informed critics are.

While the contributors are quick to point out the increase in carbon emissions that would result from having to import salmon from afar, there was nary a mention of the negative impact current fish-farming practices can have on local ecosystems and the health of dwindling native salmon populations. Originally considered a potential part of the solution, many fish-farming practices evolved into additional stressors on wild populations.

Feeding the planet and saving the planet are both important endeavours. I personally believe that neither interest has a monopoly on what is right and wrong. But based on the calibre of leadership that exists on both sides, one can only hope that a bridge can be found, once and for all, between the great divide that is counterproductive for all parties – especially the salmon.

Mark Spurr Toronto

Letters to the Editor should be exclusive to The Globe and Mail. Include your name, address and daytime phone number. Keep letters to 150 words or fewer. Letters may be edited for length and clarity. To submit a letter by e-mail, click here: letters@globeandmail.com

What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

In Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency regulates additives in salmon farming through an approved list for fish feed.

Title:

Content: Icelandic salmon farmer Arctic Fish has moved a step closer with its application to increase biomass with two new sites in Isfjardardjup in the Westfjords of Iceland.

On Monday the Mowi-owned group said the Iceland Food and Veterinary Authority (MAST) and the Environment Agency of Iceland (Umhverfisstofnun) had both advertised their proposal of new farming licenses for Arctic Sea Farm -- a 100 percent owned subsidiary of Arctic Fish -- for 8,000 metric tons of maximum allowable biomass (MAB).

Of the total, the maximum biomass of fertile salmon can amount to a maximum of 5,200 metric tons at any given point in time, the remaining or all can be rainbow trout.

What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning additives in salmon feed?

What countries or jurisdictions have regulations concerning antibiotics in farmes salmon?

Regulations on salmon farming additives are crucial to prevent health and environmental issues.

What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification promotes responsible aquaculture by setting environmental and social standards.

Title:

Content: NEWS
Russian pollock miners emphasize commitment to sustainable fishing
Pollock Miners Association conducts consultations on the situation with environmental certificates of Russian fisheries.
The Association stressed that the ADM and the participating enterprises will continue to follow the principles of responsible and sustainable fishing.
The Maritime Stewardship Council (MSC) issued an official statement on the situation with the MSC certification of Russian fisheries in the current conditions.
It notes that the sanctions imposed on Russia may lead to the loss of MSC certificates by Russian industries, as certification companies will be limited in the ability to carry out the necessary audit, warranty and supervisory measures.
About the restrictions in the work of certification companies a day earlier announced Assurance Service International (ASI).
“We regret this decision of our international partners and hope that solutions will be found to the current situation.
Environmental certification is the most important element of the global work to protect the oceans and preserve the reserves of aquatic biological resources for future generations.
ADM and participating enterprises will continue to adhere to the principles of responsible and sustainable fisheries, guided by international standards, as well as the FAO Code of Responsible Fisheries.
All scientific and environmental programs implemented by us will be carried out in full, regardless of the certification status, ” said Alexey Buglak, President of the Pollock Miners Association.
According to Fishnews, the introduction of the principles of responsible and sustainable fishing in Russia is a key area of ADM ’ s work.
Annually, the association finances a program of scientific observers who monitor and collect biological information on pollock fisheries in all areas of the Far Eastern basin.
The Association supports a series of unique marine studies to assess the impact of trawling on marine mammals and birds.
At the initiative and with the financial support of ADM, scientific work is underway to improve fishing gear to increase its selectivity.
In its message, MSC points out that the organization can not influence the results of independent scientific assessment of fisheries, force the withdrawal or suspension of fishing certificates, drew attention to the association.
It is also noted that in the current conditions, independent certification organizations may face difficulties in carrying out their activities in Russia.
According to Alexey Buglak, President of the Pollock Miners Association, Assurance Service International (ASI) supervises the work of certification companies.
On March 9, the organization announced that it was suspending its activities for all types of certification in the geographical region “Russia ”.
“From the statement of ASI it is not clear how this decision will affect the already received certificates, ” said Alexey Buglak.
He stressed that the executive board of the association is consulting with certification companies to develop possible options for action.
“The exclusion of Russian fisheries from the MSC program will lead to a significant imbalance in the world market of certified aquatic biological resources, especially for such objects as pollock, cod, salmon.
This will lead to the restructuring of the chains of supply of fish products formed in the world market, ” the head of the ADM concluded.
The Association noted that ADM is the largest client of the MSC program not only in Russia, but also on an international scale.
In 2018, pollock fishing in the Sea of Okhotsk was successfully recertified.
In March 2021, a certificate was obtained for fishing in the East Sakhalin subzone, in July the certification of the second largest fishing in the West Bering Sea zone was completed, in September ADM certified pollock fishing in the North Kuril zone and the Petropavlovsk-Commander subzone.
Read more news on the Fishnews Telegram channel.
Fishnews
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The ASC certification ensures salmon farms minimize environmental impact by reducing waste and promoting biodiversity.

Implementing practices like IMTA and eco-labeling can minimize salmon farming's environmental impact.

IMTA systems combine species like mussels and oarweed to remove waste and promote sustainable aquaculture.

The use of additives in salmon farming requires careful consideration of health and environmental impacts and implementation of sustainable practices.