The global race in quantum computing is led by the United States and China, with major technology companies and national programs driving rapid progress.

China has announced public investment of approximately $15.2–$15.3 billion in quantum technologies, positioning it among the world’s heaviest investors. [56].

The United States has committed $1.8 billion in public quantum funding in 2022, and broader US investments in quantum technologies have been reported at around $3.7 billion as of 2022. [56].

The European Union has invested about $8.4 billion, while the United Kingdom has announced a £2.5 billion plan for its quantum sector. [15].

Germany has earmarked €2 billion to develop quantum computers and attracted substantial research talent through national initiatives.

Japan ranks third globally in quantum computer patent distribution and is advancing its own hardware, including Fujitsu’s systems.

Australia has invested nearly $1 billion and hosts leading quantum hardware companies and research consortia.

India launched a National Quantum Mission with a budget of ₹6,003 crore to build intermediate-scale quantum computers and secure quantum communications.

Russia is pursuing four key quantum computing platforms with more than 23 billion rubles in funding and has demonstrated early prototypes. [17].

The United Arab Emirates is investing to build its first quantum computer and sees quantum as a key driver of future innovation.

Finland’s QuTI project has a budget of about €10 million to develop components and algorithms, and the country has commissioned its first research quantum computer.

Taiwan has invested NT$8 billion in quantum technology and built a 5-qubit superconducting quantum computer, leveraging its semiconductor strengths. [18].

Global investment in quantum computing has been reported at more than $35.5 billion, and startup investments reached $2.35 billion in 2022. [2].

China has achieved “quantum computing superiority” in two different physical systems, making it the only country to do so to date.

Its superconducting prototype Zuchongzhi II and photonic prototype Jiuzhang II demonstrated task speeds far beyond the world’s fastest supercomputers.

Jiuzhang 3.0 advanced photonic Gaussian boson sampling with 255 detected photons, solving certain problems about 10 quadrillion times faster than supercomputers.

China delivered a practical 24-qubit superconducting quantum computer system (Wuyan) to a customer, becoming the third country to deliver a complete system.

China’s “Origin Wukong” system integrates 72 superconducting quantum chips, has completed over 178,000 tasks, and reports an 80% localization rate in its supply chain. [3].

China leads in quantum information technology patents with about 37% of global applications, reflecting strong R&D momentum.

The country also leads globally in quantum communication research and has mobilized top national institutions to build strategic advantages.

In the United States, IBM leads a large industrial and research ecosystem, including a quantum network of over 250 member organizations across academia and industry.

IBM’s hardware milestones include the 127-qubit Eagle processor, a 1,000+ qubit chip delivered in 2023, and the 133-qubit Heron with a five-fold error reduction. [13][4].

IBM targets a 4,000-qubit system by 2025 and is developing modular quantum systems (Quantum System Two) and software like Qiskit Runtime to tackle noise and scale-up challenges. [23][73].

Google’s 54-qubit Sycamore processor demonstrated “quantum supremacy” in 2019 by completing in 200 seconds a task estimated to take a classical supercomputer 10,000 years. [38].

Honeywell achieved a record quantum volume of 512 in 2021, highlighting progress in system performance beyond qubit counts alone.

Intel is advancing silicon spin qubits using standard CMOS fabs, including a 12-qubit “Tunnel Falls” chip with about a 95% yield and wafer-scale production methods. [72].

IonQ develops trapped ion systems with strong gate and measurement fidelities, holds dozens of US patents, and has reported systems with dozens of trapped ion qubits under test. [4].

Oxford Quantum Circuits sells access to its systems via Amazon Web Services, underscoring the growth of cloud-based quantum availability.

Fujitsu reached 64 qubits in 2023 and plans systems with more than 1,000 qubits after 2026, contributing to Japan’s strong patent position.

PsiQuantum reported a 700x reduction in computational resource requirements for fault-tolerant photonic approaches and targets a million physical qubits through a modular architecture. [22].

Russia reported creating new quantum processors on four platforms within two years and launched an early quantum blockchain in 2018, followed by a domestic ion quantum computer in 2021.

Finland has commissioned a national research quantum computer and is funding QuTI to develop components and algorithms aligned with industrial needs.

The US Department of Energy awarded $61 million to quantum information projects, including QUANT-NET, highlighting federal support for infrastructure.

Key lessons learned include the centrality of quantum error correction and noise reduction to achieve useful, long-duration algorithms. [38].

Yale researchers doubled a qubit’s lifetime using quantum error correction, demonstrating tangible gains in coherence from active error suppression.

Despite advances, current estimates still require thousands of physical qubits to realize a single fault-tolerant logical qubit, motivating hardware and code efficiency improvements.

Materials science breakthroughs such as ultra-pure silicon have extended coherence and reduced errors, pointing to fabrication quality as a foundational lever.

Different hardware modalities carry trade-offs: superconducting qubits can be manufactured at scale but require extreme cryogenics and face coherence limits, while trapped ions excel in fidelity but can be harder to scale. [59][65].

Partnerships that integrate control software with hardware, such as Keysight and Q-CTRL, are accelerating calibration, automation, and the overall quantum design cycle.

Global reports emphasize that qubit quality has not kept pace with qubit counts, underscoring the need for fault-tolerant architectures before broad practical advantage is realized.

Market analyses consistently flag high hardware costs and a shortage of skilled experts as near-term constraints to adoption and commercialization.

Overall market outlooks project rapid growth, with the quantum computing market expected to reach about $234.06 billion by 2032 and cloud-based access expanding quickly. [8].

North America currently dominates both the quantum computing and cloud-based quantum markets, with Europe and Asia Pacific accelerating through national initiatives and consortia. [8].

Across use cases, leading firms and governments are prioritizing materials science, chemistry, optimization, and cryptography, with early applications already explored in industry and research. [12].

The global race in quantum computing is led by the United States and China, with major technology companies and national programs driving rapid progress.

Title:

Content: Monday, 25 March 2024 02: 58 GMT
UAE invests in ‘ quantum computing ’ to look to the future
(MENAFN- Al-Bayan)
The UAE is investing in the sector of quantum computing, which is expected to reach a global market value of $1 trillion in 2035, as one of the fastest expanding fields of technology in the world and because of its innovative applications capable of solving challenges in many sectors, because of its strength and speed in calculating physical phenomena, compared to traditional computers.
The UAE aims to invest in quantum computing to enable innovation and a knowledge and sustainable economy through the Quantum Research Center and UAE institutes and universities to explore the future of this vital sector. The Institute of Technology Innovation ’ s (TII) Quantitative Research Center is working to build the first quantum computer in the UAE, according to the Interregional Center for Strategic Analytics in Abu Dhabi.
The UAE has quickly realized the benefits of the quantum computing sector in all sectors and fields, especially in the economy and scientific research, as part of the country ’ s long-term strategies to keep pace with the global technological development represented by the fourth industrial revolution and artificial intelligence, which will change the face of the world in the coming years.
IDC expects global investments in quantum computing to reach $16.4 billion by the end of 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.5%, which includes investments by the public and private sectors and R & D spending from technology, services and finance companies.
There is growing interest in quantum computing by global government agencies, with 14 of them (13 countries plus the European Union) announcing multi-year initiatives that will generate billions of dollars for quantum computing research.
The center said that the UAE is among the 50 projects working to create an attractive investment environment for investments in new and future sectors, including quantum computing technology.
According to Accenture Middle East, quantum computing technology is advancing rapidly, making it a promising technology sector.
The US and China dominate the quantum computing sector to take advantage of the features of the new technological revolution that has enabled scientists to study the basic particles of matter, whose applications have multiplied across different fields despite their relative novelty, promising radical transformations for any industry dependent on speed and processing power, including aerospace, automotive, medicine and others.
Quantum computing technologies have a huge market value, with quantum computing alone expected to reach a global market value of $1 trillion by 2035.
Quantum technology has played a role in many areas, including complex mathematical models, simulations, electronic devices, CT scanners and many others, as it has the potential to revolutionize the way humans communicate and process information at record speeds.
The most prominent areas of use of quantum computing can be found in many fields of military, communications and medicine, and can address economic crises and challenges quickly, and there is no doubt that quantum computing technology can change the map of national industries.
Major technology companies are leading efforts to develop quantum computing, with Google Research Lab and IBM, which built one of the largest quantum computers in the field, and the Chinese University of Science and Technology has developed a quantum computer that is 10 billion times faster than the computer developed by Google.
Follow the economic statement via Google News
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China has announced public investment of approximately $15.2–$15.3 billion in quantum technologies, positioning it among the world’s heaviest investors. [56].

Title:

Content: Chandeliers, ‘qubits’ and Schrödinger’s cat: Inside the bizarre world of quantum computing

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Chandeliers, ‘qubits’ and Schrödinger’s cat: Inside the bizarre world of quantum computing

In the quantum realm, the laws of physics are different. Now its mind-bending tech could soon transform our lives. How does it work?

It was 2009, and a group of scientists had crowded around a tiny monitor in a Sydney physics laboratory. The team, led by electrical engineer Andrea Morello, held their collective breath and peered at a single flat line on the screen. Then, in the blink of an eye, the line changed: it was a series of blips, like a heartbeat. They’d hit paydirt. “When you see that symbol, you’re in the game,” recalls physicist Charles Tahan.

Welcome to the quantum world, a subatomic realm – yes, smaller than an atom – where the laws of physics are, well, different. The experiment made Morello and his team the first in the world to show that a quantum computer could be made using not diamonds, not the superconductor niobium, but everyday silicon. “To show you could do that, 100 different things had to go right,” says Tahan.

Quantum computing is one of the key technologies defining this century. Its proponents say it will do for computers what the car did to the horse and buggy. It will upend encryption and molecular biology. In theory, it could even possibly find cures for cancer. Australia is among the world leaders in a quantum computing gold rush, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese saying his government is “serious about building a strong quantum ecosystem” and investing nearly a billion dollars.

Yet despite eye-watering outlays worldwide, quantum computing is still in its infancy, part of a mind-bending world that physicists are only beginning to fully grasp. What is it? And how will it make a difference to our lives?

How does a quantum computer work (and why did Alice in Wonderland have the jump on it?)

It’s often remarked that it looks like a beautiful chandelier, or a wedding cake. And IBM’s quantum computer, one of the world’s largest, is certainly an intriguing object, an intricate dome of golden wires and graceful tubes suspended from a ceiling.

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The part we can see, though, is really just the control and support system for a microchip (currently a version called Condor) buried deep inside. The glittering exoskeleton is there to keep its tiny heart as cold as possible – a hundred times colder than the coldest depths of space – and to feed information in and out, the process that makes it a “computer” and not just a science experiment.

The chip itself is smaller than a postage stamp, with several layers of circuitry and metal sandwiched in a tiny square, cooled to improve conductivity and to eliminate “noise”, the bugbear of many such devices. But even what we see here is not where the action happens. For that, we have to go deeper still, down into the chip and well beyond what’s visible through even the most powerful microscope, beyond the layers of individual atoms, into the atoms themselves.

‘The truth is the universe doesn’t run by the rules that we see every day – gravity, you bounce a ball and it falls. It runs on these other rules: quantum mechanics.’

In the subatomic realm of electrons, protons and photons, things happen very differently. Indeed, these tiny particles have no use for Newton’s laws of physics, nor even many of Einstein’s. “The truth,” says Tahan, “is the universe doesn’t run by the rules that we see every day – gravity, you bounce a ball and it falls. It runs on these other rules: quantum mechanics.”

Why these particles behave as they do in the quantum realm is a difficult concept to get your head around. Even Einstein resisted aspects of it, famously arguing that “God does not play dice with the Universe”. It was a misstep. “Because he didn’t believe in the completeness of quantum mechanics,” says Morello, “he lost a lot of productive years because he didn’t understand how it is possible that this thing is true.”

Many leading physicists investigated the concept from the early 1900s, including some familiar from popular culture today, notably Einstein and Neils Bohr (portrayed in Oppenheimer), Werner Heisenberg (whose name Walter White stole for his drug-chemist alter ego in Breaking Bad) and Viennese physicist Erwin Schrödinger, of the famous cat experiment (explained below).

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Lewis Carroll, meanwhile, may have had the jump on quantum physics with his ideas in the Alice books, as James Renner observed in The Wall Street Journal in 2015. “We speak of going down the wormhole into a mysterious world that defies Newtonian physics, where once Alice went down the rabbit hole into a mysterious world that had much the same effect. Now we speak of quantum particles being in two places at once or even Schrödinger’s cat being alive and dead at the same time, long after the Cheshire Cat’s grin was magically displaced from its body.”

The quantum realm has only truly begun to reveal itself to us relatively recently. In 1964, the Irish-born physicist John Bell published one of the most important theorems, which, according to Professor Andrew Whitaker in Physics World, “opened up the possibility of experimental philosophy, the study of what are normally thought of as philosophical issues in experiments. Not only do these experiments probe the deepest and most profound aspects of quantum theory, they also provide information on the fundamental nature of the universe.”

At the time, Bell’s theorem could not be tested in a lab. That would come in the late 1960s and early 1970s when experimentalists such as John Clauser began to show that the weirdness Bell had described on paper actually occurred in the real world. Which, at the time, was considered quite rude. One eminent physicist “was highly offended by my impertinent effort and told me that it was tantamount to professing a disbelief in quantum physics,” Clauser later recalled.

He and other apostates continued their work because he found some of the predictions “sufficiently bizarre that I could not accept them without seeing experimental proof”. Working with leftover lab equipment – “physics department scrap” – he went on to provide experimental evidence that refuted even Einstein’s theories. “I was very sad to see that my own experiment had proven Einstein wrong,” he said. Clauser would go on to win the 2022 Nobel Prize for Physics alongside Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger for their groundbreaking experiments with so-called “entangled” particles.

Quantum physicists still despair at the difficulties of explaining their weird world to outsiders. “Many writers fall back on boilerplate that makes physicists howl in agony,” wrote computer scientist Scott Aaronson in The New York Times in 2019. Unfortunately, says Gerard Milburn, a quantum physicist from the University of Queensland, “The quantum world lies beyond the reach of natural language.”

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But we’ll give it a go. Chiefly, particles in the quantum realm aren’t tied down to being in one place or state in the way bigger things are in the outside world, such as cats, which tend to be in one place at once. They obey different rules entirely. The first way to understand this oddness harks back to high-school science and how light can behave as both a particle and a wave. Photons – bursts of light – can act like ball bearings, with position and momentum. Yet light also behaves like a wave washing over a beach in a way that a ball bearing can’t. That’s a quantum physics party trick.

What is Schrödinger’s cat?

The most famous primer for quantum mechanics is the paradox of Schrödinger’s cat, a mind experiment devised by Schrödinger in 1935. A hypothetical cat goes into a box with a vial of poison gas, which has a 50-50 chance of killing it. You close the box and can’t see inside. So, without opening the box, you can’t know whether the poison has killed the cat or not. Therefore, posited Schrödinger, puss is neither dead nor alive but both – until you open the box.

In quantum mechanics, this state is called “superposition”. It’s impossible to describe properly without a background in higher-level mathematics, which we lack, but it generally means not knowing whether, say, an electron is over here, or over there, or – cat-like – in both places at the same time. Another way of looking at it is to visualise a coin spinning on its side. Until it stops and lands on one side or another, it’s not heads or tails but both.

At least, kind of.

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“Every explanation we give in lay terms is in some way wrong,” says Stephen Bartlett, a theoretical quantum physicist and director of the University of Sydney Nano Institute. “People often say a quantum superposition is in the value zero and the value one at the same time. That’s sort of right, and sort of not right.” Says Morello: “This is where language is failing us, right? If you’re trying to say that in plain English, it sounds really weird. But if you actually think about, you know, the mathematics of it, and the actual physical embodiment of that, it actually makes perfect sense.” Suffice to say, a real cat cannot find itself in “superposition”: this is a state that can exist only in the subatomic world.

How is this useful (and what’s a qubit)?

In a conventional computer, information is encoded as voltages that pass around the system thanks to millions of tiny transistors – essentially, gates or switches that turn on and off. A quantum computer is similar except that instead of using transistors as switches it uses subatomic particles, such as electrons or photons, that can have many more states than simply on or off, according to their position, momentum, spin direction and polarisation. Once harnessed – and there are many ways of doing that – these particles-as-switches are called “qubits”, a play on the word “bit”, the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store.

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Information can be encoded on qubits in various ways: for his computers, Morello uses silicon and strong magnetic fields like those found in MRI machines. “The stuff that I build in my lab is actually a small silicon chip the size of a fingernail,” he says, “but the whole infrastructure around it is quite fancy. It’s a very powerful refrigerator that cools down the chip to [just] above absolute zero.

Critically, qubits can relate to other qubits in a state called “entanglement”. This enables quantum computers to perform multiple calculations simultaneously – which is their superpower. Schrödinger described entanglement as “the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from classical lines of thought”. Sceptical Einstein called entanglement “spooky action at a distance”. Gerard Milburn says entanglement is great for building a computer “because if you want to have all these switches, having them strongly correlated is exactly what you want. And if you can control those correlations, you can do computation.”

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It’s these characteristics that have scientists and engineers excited. Not because quantum computers will necessarily take over from the conventional miracles we so rely on today but because they can do some particular things that transistor-based machines either struggle with or fail at completely. Today’s supercomputer might try to simulate molecular behaviour with “brute force”, says IBM’s quantum department. “But as it moves past the simplest, most straightforward molecules available, the supercomputer stalls. Quantum algorithms take a new approach to these sorts of complex problems, creating multidimensional computational spaces.”

‘Calculations that are completely impossible … would rapidly become possible on a quantum computer.’

This might include modelling how a drug might affect a virus, how new materials in aeroplanes might react to stress, or the exact process necessary to create a perfect chemical reaction.

“Calculations that are completely impossible – not just on present-day conventional computers but any conceivable future conventional computer – would rapidly become possible on a quantum computer,” says Andrew Doherty, professor of physics at Sydney University. “These are things where the application of that computer would be transformative to people’s lives without every home, you know, having a laptop quantum computer.”

Whether quantum computing will also revolutionise artificial intelligence is less certain. AI works by drawing from a huge amount of data, which is not something that naturally fits on a quantum computer, says Morello. “The problem with quantum computers in general and, in particular, with applications to AI is that loading data into them and reading data out of them is slow and cumbersome and prone to errors. It’s a bottleneck.”

Why is it so hard to build quantum machines?

Creating the qubits is hard, whatever material you start with. Interfacing with them via tiny wires like the golden lattice in IBM’s machines is hard. Getting accurate information from them is hard: “noise”, in the form of vibration or spurious electromagnetic signals, makes them behave badly and give poor results – “decoherence”, in physics speak.

Much of Andrew Doherty’s team’s work these days is in figuring out how to reduce this noise to acceptable levels and compensating for the errors that noise produces. “Compared to our conventional computers, quantum technology [computers] are very noisy devices,” he says. “They go wrong one time in 1000 as opposed to one time in an astronomically huge number of uses of [normal computers].”

Teams around the world are working on multiple approaches both to building the machines and compensating for their eccentricities, from labs in Australia to the tech giants Google, Microsoft and IBM – its Quantum Lab relies on superconducting qubits made from aluminium and niobiumand the Chinese government.

Some versions, such as IBM’s and Morello’s, chill the atoms to keep them as stable as possible. In contrast, the Australian company Quantum Brilliance is working with synthetic diamonds because they work at room temperature. “Unlike other materials,” says co-founder Marcus Doherty (no relation to Andrew), “diamond’s incredible hardness means that even at room temperature, there isn’t enough thermal energy in the environment to create vibrations that destroy the quantum properties of qubits.”

‘People are working really hard to try to find different mathematical problems that they think maybe quantum computers can’t crack.’

Another key moment in the quantum timeline came in 1994 when US mathematician Peter Shor showed that a quantum computer could crack encryption standards safeguarding everything from national intelligence systems to bank accounts. “He devised an algorithm, in theory, that he would need to run on a quantum computer,” says Bartlett. “And if you could build a quantum computer of sufficient size, then yeah, all information security falls apart.” Cybersecurity experts call that scenario Q-Day. “At the moment, people are working really hard to try to find different mathematical problems that they think maybe quantum computers can’t crack,” says Bartlett.

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In 2001, IBM made a seven-qubit device controlled through radio frequency pulses to demonstrate Shor’s Theorem. IBM’s prototype wasn’t given a huge task, managing to calculate that three times five was … wait for it ... 15. Yet this was considered a great success, even if it had shades of the famous supercomputer Deep Thought from Douglas Adams’ Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, which ponders the question of “life, the universe and everything” for thousands of years before giving the answer: 42.(Adams also dreamed up the Infinite Improbability Drive for a spaceship called the Heart of Gold, which used quantum theory to allow it to cross through every point in the universe simultaneously, allowing interstellar travel without all that “tedious mucking about in hyperspace”.)

Then, in 2019, Google claimed its 54-qubit Sycamore processor had performed a calculation in 200 seconds that would have taken the world’s most powerful supercomputer 10,000 years – a breakthrough some breathlessly likened to the Wright brothers’ first flight in 1903. Others were more sceptical, saying it would be many more years before quantum computers would have enough qubits – and be stable enough – to do anything actually useful. IBM said it could simulate Google’s experiment in two-and-a-half days on a “normal” computer, albeit if it had access to the Oak Ridge Summit supercomputer, a beast occupying an area the size of two basketball courts. IBM’s shimmering Eagle, meanwhile, had just 127 qubits; its successors, Osprey and now Condor, have pushed the bar to over 1000 and it plans for 1386 qubits in its Kookaburra in 2025.

Yet most of these devices are still basically proofs of concept, says Morello, the first step to manufacturing and miniaturising, as we saw with today’s transistor-based computers, which started out as rooms full of valves and cables. In the post-World War II era, says Andrew Doherty, “computers took up office floors of buildings in Manhattan and people put paper cards into them to program them. Out came numbers that even my childhood pocket calculator could have calculated right.” Many hundreds of billions of dollars have gone into developing computer technology, in packaging it for convenience and getting the components to work reliably, he says. “That whole engineering thing has got to grow up around these quantum technologies.”

Already, Marcus Doherty’s Quantum Brilliance has installed a quantum computer at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Perth and is about to export computers, at this stage for customers to experiment with quantum computing and work out how to make it useful. In the future, finding commercial applications for a quantum computer will require tailoring it, at least initially, says UNSW’s Maja Cassidy, a former quantum researcher for Microsoft. “People have to go in and understand a company’s problem, how they’re using classical computing and … work out what section might be enhanced by the quantum computer.”

Who is leading the quantum race?

China is the only other nation giving the United States a run for its money. Its leader, Xi Jinping, put accelerating quantum technology in his 2021 five-year plan. McKinsey & Company estimates China has spent at least $15.3 billion in public funds on quantum research. That partly came to fruition in April with the Chinese Academy of Science’s unveiling of a 504-qubit chip, still half the size of IBM’s biggest.

For its part, Australia got a head start with quantum research in the 1990s. Today, two major spinoffs from UNSW research are pursuing silicon-based quantum computing: Silicon Quantum Computing (SQC), led by Professor Michelle Simmons, and Diraq, led by Professor Andrew Dzurak. SQC’s approach involves embedding phosphorus atoms within a wafer of silicon. Dzurak’s approach involves trapping electrons on silicon transistors. Both have the advantage of silicon chips already being ubiquitous. “Today, in our phones and our laptops, the silicon chips that are in those have upwards of a billion transistors on them,” says Dzurak. “The benefit of the technology that we’ve developed is that we are also able to get millions, and ultimately billions, of quantum bits onto a single silicon chip.”

‘Computers as we know them today are an absolutely mind-blowing achievement. So any technology that has the ambition of being an alternative or being better than that has a phenomenally high bar to clear.’

Other leading players in Australia include Q-CTRL, which is working on controlling and enhancing quantum hardware; quantum security company QuintessenceLabs; and Doherty’s Quantum Brilliance, which used its synthetic diamonds in the world-first integration of a two-qubit quantum device into a supercomputer at room temperature in 2022.

Meanwhile, out of the University of Queensland came early gains in “photonic” quantum computing, which harnesses particles of light – photons – as qubits. In April, the federal and Queensland governments jointly set aside $940 million in share purchases, grants and loans for PsiQuantum, a Silicon Valley company whose founders include Australian professors Jeremy O’Brien and Terry Rudolph. Unlike ions or electrons, photons are not charged, Bartlett says, so are not sent haywire by electromagnetic forces – but they are hard to manipulate and measure.

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Another approach involves “trapped ion” quantum computing, pursued by US company IonQ: physicists take an atom, flick off an electron so it is positively charged, then suspend the resulting ion within an electromagnetic field and manipulate the ion with lasers. But Bartlett says this approach will be hard to scale, given the technology to suspend millions of ion qubits doesn’t yet exist.

In April, the federal government also announced $18 million for the University of Sydney to establish Quantum Australia, a research consortium between several universities headed by Bartlett. “It used to be a small research community,” he says. “You absolutely needed to speak the common language of everyone else, which were the rules of physics. Now we are really seeing quite a bit of specialisation.”

Even if quantum computers develop practical uses, they will likely live in vast, super-cooled server farms where land and power are cheap. We’ll communicate with them through our everyday devices, much as we download and upload data from cloud servers, Netflix, TikTok, DropBox, whatever, today. The real challenge for quantum computing, says Morello, is that the alternative is “really, really good”. “Computers as we know them today are an absolutely mind-blowing achievement. So any technology that has the ambition of being an alternative or being better than that has a phenomenally high bar to clear.”

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How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The United States has committed $1.8 billion in public quantum funding in 2022, and broader US investments in quantum technologies have been reported at around $3.7 billion as of 2022. [56].

Title:

Content: Quantum technology, known as the powerful engine of next-generation technology, has become increasingly competitive in recent years. According to an article published by Korean media on quantum information technology, quantum technology is not only fiercely competitive, but the scale of investment is also rapidly increasing.
However, according to statistics, in addition to sweeping half of the world's quantum technology patents, China ranks first in the world in the scale of investment in quantum information technology.
According to a South Korean media report, China's basic science and system research and development force of quantum information technology is rapidly growing and has become a competitor on par with the United States and Europe.
And to achieve this kind of technological leap, can not be separated from huge investment.
The data shows that China ranks first in the world in terms of investment in quantum information technology and has built the world ’ s largest quantum laboratory.
As of 2022, China ’ s investment in quantum information technology has reached $15.3 billion, far exceeding Europe ’ s $8.4 billion and the United States ’ $3.7 billion.
South Korean media cited China's often used "curve overtaking" strategy, and pointed out that the rapid development of electric vehicles in recent years as an example, in the 1980s, mainland enterprises officially entered the commercial vehicle industry, and imitated Germany, the United States and other developed countries.
However, with the fastest perception of automotive electrification trends and bold push, China has successfully entered the leading group of global electric vehicles.
The article pointed out that if it is said that in the field of electric vehicles, China and the United States and Europe have launched a parallel competition, in the field of quantum information technology as a future technology, China is also playing a competitive role with the United States and Europe.
Judging from the global patent application volume on quantum information technology, China is leading the world with its huge investment.
At present, China's patent applications account for 52.3%, which has an absolute advantage.
After China, it is followed by Japan (13.8%), the European Union (13.8%), the United States (10%), and South Korea (3.6%).
Looking at the breakdown, China has an absolute advantage in quantum computer patents (52.8% of the world's total), quantum communication (43.2% of the world's total), and quantum sensing (56.6% of the world's total), especially in quantum cryptographic communication.
Source: China has swept half of the world ’ s quantum technology patent investment scale is the world ’ s first
# Quantum # Technology # China # Patent # Quantity

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The European Union has invested about $8.4 billion, while the United Kingdom has announced a £2.5 billion plan for its quantum sector. [15].

Title:

Content: While the UK considers where to channel investment, we need to ensure that quantum technology is at the forefront of those considerations.

Quantum will not only drive our economy, but will also help create new opportunities in different sectors, ranging from healthcare to agriculture.

At the Global Investment Summit (GIS) last month, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced a three-fold increase, up to £29.5bn, from the world’s leading investors in new UK projects and capital.

These funds will be channelled into “high-growth projects” in the UK, including quantum technology.

It is great to see quantum being recognised as a potential game changer in the future of the UK economy, and it is important that we continue this momentum.

Quantum’s economic and social value

Quantum provides an exciting opportunity for the economy because the technology has a wide range of possible applications.

The last decade has seen an 81% growth in the quantum sector and now contributes an estimated £1.7bn to the UK economy. Financial services, healthcare and climate change - all major sectors in the UK ecosystem - are just three of the areas that will be enhanced by quantum.

The ability to optimise complex financial portfolios in real-time or simulate molecular interactions with unprecedented accuracy could reshape sectors in their entirety. Molecular interaction simulation can assist the healthcare industry to an immense extent.

Possibilities include being able to improve the process of accurately modelling how new drugs will impact different types of conditions and diseases - leading to breakthroughs in serious and harder-to-treat illnesses.

This technology will also help us in the battle against climate change, specifically in its ability to predict weather more accurately. Current computational power for measuring CO2 does not always predict the correct climate outcome, as we saw with the MET office’s prediction for Storm Ciaran.

As quantum technology is introduced into these sectors, it will forecast weather more accurately than our current conventional methods, therefore enhancing the precision of new data.

However, in order to see these possibilities realised, quantum needs investment from the government; it needs further development and innovation to be able to reach its potential.

Nurturing this sector is crucial not only to cement the UK as a leader in this technology, but to enable us to develop the tools that can tackle pressing global issues, whether that is developing more solar farms or investing in nuclear energy.

Investment moves to boost growth

Earlier in 2023, the UK government published its 10-year vision, the National Quantum Strategy. This outlines £2.5bn of public and private investment into the rapidly growing quantum sector.

At the GIS, Oxford Quantum Circuits stated its intention to raise £85m for research and development projects, while SBI Investment - Japan’s foremost venture capital fund - is leading the raise. This raise will be the largest for Series B in quantum computing ever in the UK, supporting the need for investment to empower growth.

Quantum computers need to be developed and operated by the brightest minds in the field to solve the world’s most pressing challenges – from climate change to accelerated drug discovery.

It is crucial that we make investments that induce growth in all sectors, combating concerns about additional capital in quantum being 'snake oil'.

Investment in devices and systems which rely on quantum mechanics will provide capabilities that classical machines cannot; it is just a matter of time.

Facilitating long-term growth

While investment in quantum has not always led to growth, with several smaller enterprises struggling in the short term, it is important that we are supporting research and innovation in this sector in order to facilitate long-term growth.

Quantum technology has a unique power to solve problems that classical computers cannot manage.

When performing complex calculations, quantum is able to pinpoint a more precise answer among the billions of alternate possibilities.

Therefore, with the potential for groundbreaking advancements and transformative applications, quantum computing is set to drive innovation, reshape industries, and unlock new possibilities we can hardly fathom today, culminating in growth.

Graeme Malcolm OBE is the chief executive and founder of M Squared

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Germany has earmarked €2 billion to develop quantum computers and attracted substantial research talent through national initiatives.

Title:

Content: Artificial intelligence - a global race on quantum computing | Science and technology | Latest discoveries and studies from DW Arabia | DW | 04.09.2021
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Artificial Intelligence: A Global Race for Quantum Computing
Germany is in the midst of a frantic global race for artificial intelligence technologies through quantum computers.
The Quantum Valley Lower Saxony project will make this state a leading center for the development of quantum computing in Germany, attracting 400 researchers.
The possession of quantum computer technology has become one of the most important bets of the future for which the world powers are engaged in a feverish race to harness all the scientific and financial possibilities.
The technology is far more powerful than today ’ s best computers, employing the incredible physical properties of tiny particles.
Instead of the data storage unit (BIT) on which traditional computing operates with values of 0 and 1, the quantum scientist uses a unit (Qbits) that allows multiple values at the same time, theoretically enabling parallel calculations beyond anything known to man to date.
However, this technology is still at an experimental stage and in the future it is expected to solve complex computational problems that current computers cannot do, applying to multiple fields, including computation of tracks and more complex decoding, as well as countless application areas, such as drug development, to name a few.
In May 2021, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who has completed a PhD in quantum chemistry, launched the first quantum computer built in Germany by the American company IBM, at a time when the world is in a race against time to take the lead in this promising technology.
The Q System One, built near Stuttgart in cooperation with the German research institute Fraunhofer, has been in service since the beginning of April, and is the first device of its kind for the American company outside the United States.
Lower Saxony is also seeking to be a leading platform for the development of this technology in Germany as part of the Quantum Valley Lower Saxony project, which attracts at least 400 researchers.
Watch the video 26: 00
Made in Germany - Innovation is the engine of success
Germany - Artificial Intelligence for Quantum Computing
The major world powers have entered a frantic race over the technologies of the future that will change the way of life of humanity in the world of tomorrow.
The German government has earmarked at least €2 billion this year for the development of quantum computers, which experts say are the main entry point for artificial intelligence technologies.
Germany aims to keep pace with global competition by developing a quantum computer over the next five years.
German Minister of Scientific Research Anja Karlyschek (May 2021) said: “Quantum technologies are one of the key technologies that will be crucial in the future.
"It will allow us to make our communications completely secure, make leaps in medical technology via highly sensitive sensors, or address previously unsolvable problems in logistics or materials research via quantum computing."
Lower Saxony aims to build Germany ’ s first quantum computer and put it into operation by the end of 2025.
Using a technique called the "ion trap", ions are charged atoms, as the basic unit of computation of a computer - the ion is a qubit.
With the help of electric fields, these ions are captured and controlled by radio waves and laser beams.
Lower Saxony - Leadership in Quantum Technology
The state of Lower Saxony (eastern Germany) is seeking to take the lead in the development of quantum computer technology in Germany, in cooperation with a number of universities and research institutions, attracting the expertise of at least 400 researchers under the project "Quantum Valley Lower Saxony".
The project is expected to receive funding of 1.5 billion euros over 10 years.
watch video 01: 33
Rare bipartisan deal in U.S. Congress on tech support
Between science fiction and hard science facts, quantum technology is one of the most important breakthroughs in modern technology.
The industry is increasingly relying on highly complex computing processes in the shortest possible time frame.
However, all current quantum computers are basically just experimental or prototype devices.
The number of qubits does not have to be the only measure, but the quality of the calculations is more important.
In the future, a complete system with special algorithms and software will have to be developed so that researchers can develop technology with enormous potential.
Computers are all at the same time.
The first (mechanical) computer appeared in 1941 before a number of inventions were developed that changed the face of computing and made computers the devices we know today in terms of efficiency, smallness and lightness compared to the first models.
Despite the tremendous development of computing technologies, they still face numerous dilemmas, including, but not limited to, the constant fear of hacking and intrusion of data confidentiality.
Quantum computers go beyond the binary logic of qubits being in the states of 0 and 1 at the same time, but also in the states in between.
This means that far fewer kibbutz are needed to perform calculations, which traditional computing devices cannot.
Another advantage of quantum technology is that these processes take place at close to the speed of light.
However, the generation of quantum "bits" still poses a number of dilemmas, using superconducting elements, such as ions, "trapped" atoms, photons and other similar processes.
The ions are stimulated by microwave radiation, which can be placed in multiple states, which can then be loaded with different information.
The particles are moving.
To be able to function, it must be "frozen", with extreme cooling close to absolute zero (-273.15 ° C) using complex techniques such as magnetic fields.
In addition, qubits are unstable and react to the slightest external stimulation, such as vibrations, magnetic and electrical fields, and other factors.
watch video 02: 01
European Commission seeks to limit market power of tech giants
From a quantum computer to a neural computer.
Traditional computer chips are almost beginning to exhaust their maximum capabilities because semiconductor performance is starting to reach its physical limits.
Because chips cannot be downsized indefinitely in order to increase their performance in as little space as possible, quantum computers and neural computers are being developed as technological alternatives in the future.
As explained above, a classical computer operates with 0 and 1 binary mode geometry (i.e., current flow or no current flow).
This is specified in the bit unit.
The physical structure in a computer consists of electronic components, such as capacitors or transistors in microchips.
The primary and fundamental property of a "bit" unit is that its value is precisely defined and does not change when measured, on the other hand, the value of a "bit" does not change immediately once the value of another "bit" changes, and in a classical computer only after a certain period of time in the range of milliseconds per second.
Coinciding with the interest in quantum computers, a new technological approach has emerged and concerns computers that do not rely on artificial intelligence but mimic the human brain and are called neural computing.
It has the privilege of extremely low energy consumption, computing speed and high capacity to store information in an analogy to the functioning of the human brain.
Artificial Intelligence: The Tool of Domination in Tomorrow ’ s World
An ambitious US project has invested $170 billion for scientific research and development in the field of precision technology, such as artificial intelligence and semiconductors.
China is engaged in an economic and technological war with Western powers and the United States in particular that exploded in the form of trade battles under former President Donald Trump, and is one of the rare issues adopted by Democratic President Joe Biden after his Republican predecessor.
It enjoys broad consensus in Congress for its strategic dimension.
It has become clear that whoever wins the race for future technologies such as artificial intelligence will be the world ’ s first economy.
The U.S. project provides for $52 billion over five years to encourage companies to manufacture chips and semiconductors in the United States.
Washington believes the Chinese rival is investing at least $150 billion to develop the technologies of the future.
Hassan Zinind

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Japan ranks third globally in quantum computer patent distribution and is advancing its own hardware, including Fujitsu’s systems.

Title:

Content: Japan ’ s Fujitsu Corporation, together with the Institute of Physical and Chemical Sciences, is expected to start making quantum computers available to enterprises in 2023 (April 2023-March 2024) in order to promote the practical use of quantum computers.
The ground-breaking product is expected to be used in financial market forecasting, new materials and drug development, an achievement that will solidify Japan ’ s position as the world ’ s No. 3 in quantum computing and lead to new technologies for Japan ’ s economic industry and defense security.
According to the Nikkei Chinese website, Fujitsu has been developing quantum computers since April 2021 when it set up a cooperation center with the Institute of Physical and Chemical Sciences in Saitama Prefecture and Hikari City, with about 20 researchers participating.
It is planned that the machine will be manufactured, disclosed to enterprises and used for technical research by 2023.
This will be the first time that a domestic company will launch a general-purpose quantum computer that can complete a wide range of calculations, or become a catalyst for a new generation of technologies that affect industrial competitiveness and defense security.
The report pointed out that compared to supercomputers, quantum computers are extremely fast in computing, and have the potential to bring technological innovation to the development of materials and other aspects, affecting the competitiveness of various industries including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, automotive and finance.
Since April this year, Fujitsu and Fujitsu have started joint research on material design in cooperation with Fujitsu Film Co., Ltd., and will increase partners in the future to accumulate knowledge for future applications.
Compared with overseas companies, in Japan, IBM set up a self-developed quantum computer in Kawasaki in 2021, and the development speed is relatively slow.
Fujitsu gained technology and experience from the Institute of Physics and Chemistry as the first real opportunity for a Japanese company.
Like Google and IBM, quantum computing will be performed using “superconducting ” circuits that are cooled at extremely low temperatures to eliminate resistance.
The report said that the manufacturing of quantum computers has been dominated by American technology companies.
Google achieved what it calls “quantum transcendence ” in 2019, and it can solve the 10,000 year problem of a supercomputer in about three minutes.
In recent years, China's technology has also been improving, and emerging companies have also clearly risen.
Japan currently ranks third in the world in patent distribution in the field of quantum computers, behind only the United States and China.
The report pointed out that the computer developed by Fujitsu in 2023 reached 64 qubits, more than the 53 qubits that Google achieved when it achieved quantum transcendence.
This is second only to the 127 qubits developed by IBM in 2021, which are also considered to achieve highly competitive performance in the world.
Fujitsu is expected to achieve more than 1,000 qubits after 2026.
Quantum computers have the potential to perform supercomputer calculations in minutes and hours that take hundreds of millions of years.
The Boston Consulting Group predicts that economic benefits of up to $850 billion will be realized around 2040 through the development of new materials and more.
Article source: Fujitsu will realize the practical use of Japanese quantum computers
# Quantum # Bit # Computers # Fujitsu # Supercomputers

What are important areas in quantum research?

Australia has invested nearly $1 billion and hosts leading quantum hardware companies and research consortia.

India launched a National Quantum Mission with a budget of ₹6,003 crore to build intermediate-scale quantum computers and secure quantum communications.

Title:

Content: Satyam Priyadarshy

Rajesh Mehta

Governments, venture capitalists, and private companies have invested billions of dollars in quantum computing in the last 10 years. Recently, at the Puzzle X conference held in Barcelona, it was evident that Europe is preparing to take on the leadership role to push the boundaries of quantum computing ecosystem. So, what is quantum computing?

Bits to Qubits

In simple words, quantum computing combines the fields of quantum mechanics and computer science. It moves us beyond Bits to Qubits. In traditional computer science, the information is stored and manipulated using bits that have two discrete states, 0 and 1, while in the quantum computing world, Qubits can represent both states at the same time, thus allowing for a high degree of parallelism, enabling by phenomena of “interference, superposition, and entanglement.”

Such parallelism allows quantum computers to tackle computational challenges that become a limiting factor for traditional computers.

Wide applications

Many companies in the quantum computing field are engaged in solving complex problems that could significantly impact the fields of drug development, material design, energy transition, finance, security, and defense.

All nations must address various aspects of the quantum computing ecosystem sooner than later due to China’s quantum computing activities.

The National Quantum Mission (NQM) was approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on April 19, 2023.

With a budget of ₹6,003 crore over eight years, it aims to create, develop, and nurture the quantum technology ecosystem in the country.

The goal of the mission is to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1,000 physical qubits in various platforms like superconducting and photonic technology. Satellite-based secure quantum communications between ground stations over a range of 2,000 km within India, long-distance secure quantum communications with other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution over 2,000 km, as well as multi-node quantum networks with quantum memories, are among the other deliverables. The technology is expected to break ground in communications, cryptography, intelligence, fossil fuel exploration, space research, and drug design.

As we step into 2024, an increased set of activities to solve complex challenges will be addressed by combining the tools of Artificial Intelligence and Quantum computing.

Priyadarshy is a pioneer in the fields of Quantum Mechanics, Data Science, Big Data and Emerging Technologies; Mehta is an International Consultant in the field of Market Entry, Innovation and Public Policy

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Russia is pursuing four key quantum computing platforms with more than 23 billion rubles in funding and has demonstrated early prototypes. [17].

Title:

Content: Sections
Digitalization of IT in the public sector Import independence
Russian scientists have figured out how to dramatically increase the performance of a quantum computer
Scientists from Russia have found a way to increase the performance of a quantum computer.
To do this, they used qudits, which allow you to significantly reduce not only the number, but also the time of calculations.
And this, in turn, will allow you to run more complex and complex quantum algorithms.
A new approach
Russian scientists have figured out how to increase the performance of a quantum processor.
This CNews told representatives of the National Research Technological University MISIS.
Scientists from MISIS and the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) have proposed a new approach for launching quantum algorithms using additional levels of the quantum system.
The method improved the final quality of quantum algorithms.
This article was published in the scientific journal Entropy.
Qubits and Qudits
Now most of the research on quantum operations is focused on qubits - all operations that apply to a quantum system are represented in the form of one- and two-qubit quantum gates that convert the input states of qubits at the weekend according to a certain law, the representatives of MISIS note.
Photo: MISIS
Head of the Laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies MISIS Alexey Fedorov
The main way to improve the performance of quantum processors is to increase the number of their qubits (the smallest unit of information in a quantum computer).
At the same time, ions or atoms, which often act as qubits, have more than two levels and can work not only as qubits, but also as qubits (an expanded version of a qubit).
There are three (three), four (four), five (five), and four (four).
These states allow for denser encoding of data in physical media.
And allow you to run more complex and complex quantum algorithms.
Thus, the power of the quantum processor increases and operations can be performed much faster.
What is the novelty
Scientists of MISIS and RCC considered one of the ways of using kukvintov (five-level kudites) and presented an effective model of decomposition of the generalized Toffoli valve.
As an example, Grover's quantum algorithm for searching through a disordered database is considered.
Using only this valve, you can build any reversible classical logic scheme, for example, an arithmetic device or a classical processor.
The advantage of qubits is that their space can be considered as the space of two qubits with a common additional level, explained the head of the laboratory of quantum information technologies MISIS Alexei Fedorov.
This helps to simultaneously reduce the number of physical media, and use the additional layer as an auxiliary state to simplify the decomposition of multi-qubit valves (complex logical operations with qubits) or reduce their number.
This improves the quality of the algorithms.
The results obtained by the scientists apply to quantum processors based on various physical platforms, such as ions, neutral atoms, superconducting circuits and others.
Quantum computers in Russia
In December 2021, Russia created a prototype of a quantum ion computer of four qubits.
The prototype was created within the framework of the “road map ” on quantum computing, carried out by Rosatom.
On its basis, by the end of 2024, they are going to build a universal quantum computer with cloud access.
In 2021, the state corporation allocated more than 6 billion rubles for the development of quantum technologies and the creation of the necessary research infrastructure.
By 2024, more than 23 billion rubles will be allocated for the creation of a quantum computer.
In 2022, physicists increased the power of a quantum computer to five qubits.
On April 5, 2023, remote access to an ion computer was opened in Russia for the first time.
Kristina Kholupova

What are important areas in quantum research?

The United Arab Emirates is investing to build its first quantum computer and sees quantum as a key driver of future innovation.

What are important areas in quantum research?

Finland’s QuTI project has a budget of about €10 million to develop components and algorithms, and the country has commissioned its first research quantum computer.

Title:

Content: Finland has big plans for quantum computing applications

The QuTI project will develop new components, manufacturing and testing solutions, and algorithms for the needs of quantum computing applications.
25 January 2022

Quantum computing applications are expected to be adopted by more industries this year as organizations around the world begin testing the use cases for the technology. While organizations are the ones most looking forward to making the most of the technology, a few governments are also hoping quantum computing applications can improve their services.

In Finland, their first-ever quantum computer was commissioned at a research center near the capital. Scientists are expected to use it to study next-generation computing power. The 5 quantum-bit computers were developed to learn how to build a quantum computer, how to program one, and how to operate one in the future.

The state-owned VTT Technical Research Center (VTT) plays a crucial role in ensuring researchers learn in a range of scientific domains and making quantum computing applications ready for the industry. According to a report by Computer Weekly, the Finnish government believes that the best way to be ready for the quantum computing industry is to build a working quantum computer.

Computer Weekly also highlights five areas for quantum computing applications. They are in drug and materials discovery, supply chain and logistics, financial services, artificial intelligence, and cloud security.

For drug and materials discovery, Computer Weekly reports that a separate team in VTT which is the quantum algorithm team is developing algorithms to be used on the quantum computer. They are looking at two broad types of quantum computing applications. The first is to solve complex optimization problems that exist in many industries. This includes energy distribution, process control, and fleet management. The second is to predict the structures and properties of molecular formations more accurately and effectively. This will help accelerate drug discovery and the development of new materials.

While other countries are also developing quantum computer ecosystems, with the majority focusing on topics and platforms. Tech vendors like IBM and Google, who are also developing quantum use cases are not government-linked or owned and are mostly testing industry use cases.

Compared to the rest of the world, Finnish researchers focus almost exclusively on the superconducting qubit approach, which they have been using for years and know very well. In fact, a new research project has just been launched to accelerate the progress of Finnish quantum technology.

The QuTI project, coordinated by VTT, will develop new components, manufacturing and testing solutions, and algorithms for the needs of quantum technology. The QuTI consortium, partly financed by Business Finland, consists of 12 partners and has a total budget of around EUR 10 million.

For Professor Mika Prunnila, QuTI project’s coordinator, from VT, “Quantum technology is a multidisciplinary and rapidly advancing field. The QuTI consortium provides an ideal starting point for strengthening the international competitiveness of Finnish technology and industry in this fast-growing field.”

The quantum computing, communication and sensing devices to be developed in the QuTI project are largely based on expertise in microsystems, photonics, electronics, and cryogenics. The project develops customized software and algorithms hand in hand with the hardware, strengthening the Finnish quantum computing infrastructure. In addition, new tools will be created for quantum technology product development that will serve the needs of the QuTI project as well as the entire field of quantum technology.

As China and the US continue to battle each other for quantum computing supremacy, Finland is definitely building their presence in the industry as well. With the government supporting quantum computing initiatives, Finland might just have a quantum computing ecosystem on the horizon.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Taiwan has invested NT$8 billion in quantum technology and built a 5-qubit superconducting quantum computer, leveraging its semiconductor strengths. [18].

Title:

Content: Lin Mintong, vice chairman of the National Science Council, led a team of cross-industry research and research units of the Quantum National Team. On the 7th, he met with a Finnish heavyweight quantum technology industry and research expert delegation led by Business Finland, focusing on quantum computers, ultra-low temperature cooling systems, and industrial quantum software.
According to the NSC, the Finnish delegation to Taiwan included professors from three universities (Aalto, Oulo, Jyväskylä), Bluefors director, IQM co-founder, Vexlum Chief Information Security Officer, CEO of QuantrolOx and SemiQon, chief and scientist of quantum computer applications at the VTT Technology Research Center in Finland.
The NSC said that Lin Min-chung led a delegation to Finland in June last year, where he met with officials of the relevant Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Economic Affairs and senior officials of the IQM company, and launched the opportunity for cooperation in quantum technology between the two countries.
At the end of last year, Finnish experts from industry, academia and research in quantum technology came to Taiwan to participate in the "Quantum Taiwan 2023" (Quantum Taiwan 2023), and together with experts and scholars from Taiwan and other countries to discuss the latest developments and applications of quantum technology in the world.
At that time, senior IQM representatives who came to Taiwan also called on Wu Zhengzhong, chairman of the National Science Council, hoping to deepen cooperation with Taiwan.
The National Science Council said that the Finnish delegation came to Taiwan mainly hoping to have in-depth exchanges with Taiwan's industry, government, and research circles, and to further cooperate closely with Taiwan's industry, academia and research circles in the future to develop advanced quantum technology industries.
According to the National Science Council, in view of the huge impact that quantum technology is likely to have on society in the future, countries around the world are investing heavily in research and development of quantum technology. Finland is currently playing an important role in global quantum technology.
Lin Min-chung said that China's Quantum National Team is composed of experts and scholars from cross-disciplinary research institutes and a number of companies, and is mainly focused on general quantum computer technology, optical quantum technology and quantum technology software technology, and is developing research and development across projects.
Lin Min-chung said, and in order to accelerate the development of Taiwan's key quantum computer technology, early development and introduction of Taiwan's unique quantum technology software and hardware core technology, so that the industry can have a place in the future, we need to use Taiwan's own technology and technological advantages to leverage international R & D energy.
At the invitation of Finland, the National Science Council will lead the Quantum National Team team to Finland at the end of June to participate in this year ’ s large-scale international quantum technology exhibition, Inside Quantum Technology Nordics.
# HUGE # COMMUNICATION # GENERAL # FINLAND # QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY

What are important areas in quantum research?

Global investment in quantum computing has been reported at more than $35.5 billion, and startup investments reached $2.35 billion in 2022. [2].

Title:

Content: Investments in quantum computing startups reached $2.35 billion in 2022
Quantum technologies have great potential for both science and business, and attract large investments in different countries of the world, including Russia.
This is stated in the analytical report "Quantum Computing: Prospects for Business", which was prepared jointly with the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "VNIIA named after N.L. Dukhov" and the Institute of Artificial Intelligence AIRI.
“Increasing attention in the world is paid to supporting start-ups in the field of quantum technologies.
In 2022, venture investors around the world invested $2.35 billion in them.
Also last year, almost 1,600 patents were issued and published in all subfields of quantum computing: from physical implementations of quantum equipment and error correction to AI [artificial intelligence] and machine learning.
Video of the day
Leading countries, realizing the breakthrough potential of this direction, include quantum technologies in national programs and allocate increasing budgets for research.
The leader is China with $15.3 billion in government funding.
Development programs have the leading technological corporations of the world.
So, which has made a quantum processor for 433 qubits [qubit or quantum bit - the main unit of information in quantum processors and quantum computing], plans this year to increase the number of qubits to 1121, and intends to show a device for a thousand qubits after 2025.
The intention to develop a full stack of technologies for quantum computing announced and has already released to the market quantum chips on spin qubits.
In Russia, work on quantum computing is underway on four key physical platforms: superconducting qubits, photonic circuits, neutral atoms, and trapped ions.
The Russian Federation has also formed a pool of organizations, including companies, scientific institutions and universities that conduct research and development, study the applicability of quantum computing to practical tasks.
“Quantum computing can give the world an impetus to the development of new industries based on the processing of big data.
In addition, they can improve the performance and efficiency of artificial intelligence algorithms, the accuracy of models and simulations of complex systems (such as molecules of new drugs, chemical reactions or physical processes), as well as provide a new level of calculations in finance and logistics, new solutions to climate problems and cryptographic algorithms that will provide a higher level of security.
The authors of the report come to the conclusion that although no one in the world has been able to demonstrate practical quantum superiority, nevertheless, companies should plan today what will happen after its achievement.
Quantum computing is able to integrate seamlessly into data processing workflows, using adaptation tools for popular programming languages and interfaces.

How large are global investments in quantum computing?

China has achieved “quantum computing superiority” in two different physical systems, making it the only country to do so to date.

Title:

Content: People 's Network > > Education
China achieves "quantum computing superiority" in two physical systems
Xu Jing
October 27, 2021 08: 26 | Source: People's Daily - People's Daily
Small number
Original title: Quantum computing prototype "Zuchongzhi II" and "Jiuchang II" came out - China in two physical systems to achieve "quantum computing superiority"
Recently, the research team of China University of Science and Technology has made important progress in the quantum computing of superconducting quantum and light quantum systems, and successfully developed the "Zu Chongzhi II" and "Jiuchang II", making China the only country in the world to achieve the "quantum computing superiority" milestone in the two physical systems.
The research team composed of Pan Jianwei, Zhu Xiaobo and Peng Chengzhi, and the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, recently successfully built the 66-bit programmable superconducting quantum computing prototype "Zuchongzhi II", which solved the "quantum random line sampling" task more than 10 million times faster than the fastest supercomputer in the world.
The research team composed of Pan Jianwei, Lu Chaoyang, Liu Naile and other researchers, in cooperation with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, recently successfully built 113 photon 144 mode of quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapter 2", solving Gaussian Bose sampling mathematical problems 10 times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer.
In 1981, Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman proposed the idea of a quantum computer.
Quantum computing is thought to be a key technology for the next generation of the information revolution.
"'Quantum computing superiority' refers to a specific task, or a special track, that surpasses the current supercomputer," said Lu Chaoyang, a professor at the China University of Science and Technology.
The physical realization of large-scale quantum computers is one of the major challenges at the forefront of world science and technology.
Therefore, to achieve the physical realization of quantum computing, the international academic community takes a three-step road map.
Among them, the first milestone, is known academically as the “superiority of quantum computing. ”
At present, random line sampling based on superconducting bits and Bose sampling based on photons are two important schemes to demonstrate the superiority of quantum computing experimentally.
The latest achievements of these two programs are "Zuchongzhi II" and "Jiuchang II" respectively.
"In terms of volume, you can think of the two as a large special computing device that can be installed in a room," Lu said.
As for the difference between the two, Lu Chaoyang said, mainly the media is different, "superconducting quantum computing mainly depends on the medium is superconducting material, light quantum computing mainly depends on the medium is photon."
According to the existing theory, the speed of the quantum-random line sampling problem handled by "Zuchongzhi II" is 7 orders of magnitude faster than the fastest supercomputer at present, and this achievement is the first time that China has reached the "quantum computing superiority" milestone after the "nine chapters" of the optical quantum computing prototype in the superconducting quantum bit system.
According to the existing theory, Nine Chapters Two can process Gaussian Bose samples 10 times faster than the current fastest supercomputer 24 times faster.
This achievement has once again refreshed the international technical level of light quantum manipulation, and further provided experimental evidence of quantum computing acceleration.
According to reports, the successful demonstration of the superiority of quantum computing marks the second stage of the development of quantum computing research, and begins the exploration of quantum error correction and recent applications.
"At present, the development of quantum computing is still in a very early stage, it is difficult to predict how broad the application prospects in the end, but now, it can improve our computing capabilities, in many scientific research areas are very helpful, such as drug design, molecular simulation, code deciphering, etc." Lu Chaoyang said.
People 's Daily (October 27, 2021, 12 pages)
(Editor: Lin Yutong (intern), Wen Lu)
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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

China's "Zu Chongzhi-2" quantum supremacy experiment

China's "Jiuzhang-2" quantum supremacy experiment

Its superconducting prototype Zuchongzhi II and photonic prototype Jiuzhang II demonstrated task speeds far beyond the world’s fastest supercomputers.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely fast calculations
extremely complex calculations

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

China's "Zu Chongzhi-2" quantum supremacy experiment

China's "Jiuzhang-2" quantum supremacy experiment

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

Jiuzhang 3.0 advanced photonic Gaussian boson sampling with 255 detected photons, solving certain problems about 10 quadrillion times faster than supercomputers.

Title:

Content: LINE

Text:AAAPrint
Sci-tech

China secures world-leading computational power with freshly unveiled quantum computer prototype

2023-10-12 08:59:07Global Times Editor : Li Yan ECNS App Download

Introductory illustration to the Jiuzhang 3.0 quantum computer prototype. (Photo/Courtesy of University of Science and Technology of China)

With the successful development of the Jiuzhang 3.0 quantum computer prototype, which makes use of 255 detected photons, China continues to hold a world-leading position in the field of quantum computer research and development, lead scientists for the program told the Global Times on Wednesday.

The research team, composed of renowned quantum physicists Pan Jianwei and Lu Chaoyang from the University of Science and Technology of China in collaboration with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, announced the successful construction of a 255-photon-based prototype quantum computer named Jiuzhang 3.0 early Wednesday morning.

The quantum computing feat accomplished by the team of talents achieves a speed that is 10 quadrillion times faster in solving Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) problems compared with the world's fastest supercomputers.

According to a press release Pan's team provided to the Global Times on Wednesday, this achievement has once again "renewed the world record in the field of optical quantum information technology, solving the mathematical problem of Gaussian boson sampling 10 quadrillion times faster than the current fastest supercomputer in the world, taking an important step toward the development of quantum computers."

The study was published online in the journal Physical Review Letters early Wednesday morning.

Meanwhile, according to the publicly disclosed optimal algorithm, the speed of Jiuzhang 3.0 in processing Gaussian boson sampling is one million times faster than its predecessor, the 133-photon-based Jiuzhang 2.0. Jiuzhang 2.0 could calculate the most complex sample in 1 microsecond, while the current fastest supercomputer Frontier would take more than 20 billion years to do the same calculation, according to the press release.

Lu Chaoyang, a key member of the research team, explained that quantum computing is specially designed for solving highly complicated calculations while the simpler calculations are the job of regular computers. This is why the comparison was made between the Jiuzhang 3.0 and supercomputers.

Currently, the prototype is used for calculation of graph theory related problems and in the future it will also be used in the field of material design, Lu told the Global Times on Wednesday.

According to the scientist, developing quantum computers is one of the biggest challenges at the forefront of current world technology. During Jiuzhang's research and development, scalable quantum control technology has been developed, providing a technical foundation for the development of fault-tolerant universal quantum computers.

"This paves the way for universal quantum computers, which is estimated by the academic community to be achieved in 10-15 years, said Lu.

In 2021, the team led by Pan developed the 133-photon-based Jiuzhang 2.0 and a 66-qubit programmable superconducting quantum computing system named Zuchongzhi 2.1, making China the only country to achieve a quantum computational advantage in two mainstream technical routes - one via photonics quantum computing technology and the other via superconducting quantum computing technology.

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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely fast calculations
extremely complex calculations

China delivered a practical 24-qubit superconducting quantum computer system (Wuyan) to a customer, becoming the third country to deliver a complete system.

Title:

Content: Computing

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

China Delivers Its First Practical Quantum Computer System to a Customer

China’s Science Ministry on Monday announced that the country’s first practical quantum computer was delivered to a user, which the agency didn’t identify, a year ago.

The 24-qubit Wuyan system based on superconducting technology was built by Origin Quantum Computing Technology, a company founded in 2017 by two of the country’s leading quantum physicists, Guo Guoping and Guo Guangcan. A qubit in the quantum world performs functions akin to bits in the digital world.

With the on-premises installation of the Wuyan system, China became the third country, after Canada and the United States, to deliver a complete quantum computer system to a customer.

Some skeptics questioned the timing of the announcement.

“Quantum technology has a high priority for national security in China. If this were something very important, I doubt it would be disclosed like this in a transparent way by Chinese authorities,” explained Weifeng Zhong, a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center of George Mason University in Fairfax, Va.

“The fact that it was delayed for a year suggests that they realize now that it’s not important to national security, so they’re trying to use it to build China’s image as a technology leader at a time when they’re trying to open up their economy to the rest of the world,” Zhong told TechNewsWorld.

Important Step

However, Hodan Omaar, a senior AI policy analyst at the Center for Data Innovation, a think tank studying the intersection of data, technology, and public policy, in Washington, D.C., maintained the announcement shows that China has made an important step in its quantum development.

“Overcoming technical challenges on the path toward large-scale quantum computers will depend on the ability to scale the number of qubits in quantum systems, much like modern classical computers have depended on the growth in the number of transistors in superconducting chips,” Omaar told TechNewsWorld.

“Investing in near-term quantum computing applications helps bolster the development of longer-term use cases of the technology, thereby helping to improve competitiveness,” she added.

Skip Sanzeri, co-founder and COO of QuSecure, a maker of quantum-safe security solutions in San Mateo, Calif., called the announcement “formidable” because China is stating that they have a fully functional quantum computer, albeit the qubit count is low.

“Nonetheless, error correction and noise reduction are two significant factors in ensuring that a quantum computer can process data and provide applications that we can rely on,” Sanzeri told TechNewsWorld. “By announcing that they have been able to get to this level shows that China is making progress towards larger quantum computers.”

Bucking a Trend

The Wuyan system appears to be on par with other systems in the market, noted Heather West, a senior research analyst at IDC’, an international market research company.

“The fact that they sold a 24 qubit system to someone isn’t that different from what we’re seeing elsewhere around the world,” West told TechNewsWorld.

Delivering a standalone system like the Wuyan is actually bucking the current trend in the market.

“Most quantum computers that people are accessing today are accessed through the cloud,” explained Doug Finke, an analyst with Global Quantum Intelligence, an international market intelligence firm.

“This Wuyan computer is being delivered to a customer in an on-premise situation,” Finke told TechNewsWorld. “On-premise has a lot of disadvantages. You have to worry about maintenance. You have to worry about spare parts. You have to worry about calibration.”

“In addition,” he continued, “quantum computing innovation is so fast that they become obsolete in about two years. So few people want an on-premise quantum computer. They’re much more comfortable with the cloud.”

Superconducting Challenges

The Wuyan system is built using superconducting chip technology, one of the earliest technologies for quantum computers. Since its introduction, other technologies have been explored. They include photonics, trapped ions, and neutral atoms.

“At the moment, no one knows which technology will be the winner or if there’ll be a combination of technologies that will combine for efficacious quantum applications,” Sanzeri said.

“Superconducting is very difficult,” he explained. “It requires near zero Kelvin refrigeration.”

“The electrons used in superconducting quantum computers are very hard to manage due to very short coherence times,” he continued. “That’s why they must be cooled to such a low temperature.”

Other methods are managing longer coherence times and a faster path to the desired goal of 1,000 error-corrected qubits, he added.

“The million-dollar question is what technology will win the race to the fault-tolerant quantum computer,” West said. “There might not be one winner. There might not be one system that comes out on top. It might be that certain kinds of systems are better than others at solving certain kinds of problems.”

Long View

Omaar countered that superconducting chips have a number of advantages over competing technologies.

“First, superconducting qubits are solid-state electrical circuits that are easier to control because they are manipulated using microwaves,” she said. “Scientists can therefore use easily accessible commercial microwave devices and equipment in superconducting quantum computing applications.”

“Second,” she continued, “because preparing superconducting circuits is based on the existing method for fabricating semiconductor chips, the development of high-quality devices can leverage advanced chip-making technologies, which is good for manufacturing and scalability.”

Despite developments like China’s Wuyan system, the arrival of a quantum computer that can tackle problems beyond the capacity of silicon computers appears to be years away.

“What quantum computers are going to be best for is solving complex, intractable problems beyond the scope of classical compute technology,” West said. “Those problems are years away from a quantum computer solving.”

“To get to that, we need at least a million qubits,” she continued. “That’s going to take a lot of work in scaling and stabilizing the qubits. Qubits are very sensitive to outside noise. As a result, the error rates are high in the technology we have.”

Despite the exuberance exhibited by many, we’re still in the early days of quantum computing, added Richard Stiennon, founder and chief research analyst at IT-Harvest, a cybersecurity industry analyst firm in Birmingham, Mich.

“There are many physical constraints on quantum computing that require precision in length of pathways — we are talking microns — and resistance to forces — footsteps can interfere with it. Supercooled chips just add to the complexity,” Stiennon told TechNewsWorld.

“I put it in the same realm as developing usable nuclear fusion as an energy source,” he said. “Hundreds of billions of dollars and decades to show a glimmer of progress.”

John P. Mello Jr. has been an ECT News Network reporter since 2003. His areas of focus include cybersecurity, IT issues, privacy, e-commerce, social media, artificial intelligence, big data and consumer electronics. He has written and edited for numerous publications, including the Boston Business Journal, the Boston Phoenix, Megapixel.Net and Government Security News. Email John.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China’s “Origin Wukong” system integrates 72 superconducting quantum chips, has completed over 178,000 tasks, and reports an 80% localization rate in its supply chain. [3].

Title:

Content: People 's Network > > Education
The Third Generation of Autonomous Superconducting Quantum Computers in China
April 28, 2024 08: 28 | Source: Science and Technology Daily
Small number
Original title: "Goku" generates great computing power
"In just three months, 'Benyuan Wukong' has attracted a total of 5.11 million remote visits from 117 countries around the world, and has completed about 169,000 global quantum computing tasks!" Guo Guoping, deputy director of the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and professor of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, said excitedly in an interview with Science and Technology Daily.
On January 6, 2024, China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer "Origin Wukong" was launched and opened for free to global users for a limited time.
This is the first large-scale and long-term opening of China's quantum computing power to the world, marking China's formal entry into the "usable" era of quantum computing power, which also means that China's independent superconducting quantum computer manufacturing chain has been "chain".
Three generations of scientists.
The beginnings of quantum computers in China date back to 26 years ago.
"In 1998, I was organizing the Xiangshan Scientific Conference on 'Quantum Communication and Quantum Computing'.
Guo Guangcan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, recalled to reporters that the conference was to be hosted by a "big person" in order to expand the influence of the conference.
This "big man" is "two bombs and one star" founder Qian Xuesen.
In the letter to Qian Xuesen, Guo Guangcan boldly suggested that "we should take out the spirit of" two bombs and one star "to engage in quantum information", and eagerly invited Qian Xuesen to chair the meeting.
Not long after, Guo Guangcan received a reply from Qian Xuesen.
Qian Xuesen highly agreed with his view that "China should mobilize national forces to overcome the technical problems of quantum information systems."
Although Qian Xuesen was unable to attend due to his physical condition, his support, such as the dawn of light, illuminated the future of quantum scientific research in China.
Since then, Guo Guangcan has applied for relevant research projects. In 2001, he received the first national major project grant in the field of quantum information in China.
In 2010, Guo Guoping, a student of Guo Guangcan, took over the baton and became the chief scientist of the major project of “solid-state quantum chip research ”. In 2013, Guo Guoping led the team to achieve 10 picosecond quantum logic gate operation on“ one electron ”, which increased the previous world record by nearly 100 times, laying a solid foundation for quantum computer research based on semiconductor materials.
In 2017, Guo Guoping led the establishment of the first domestic quantum computer industrialization enterprise - Benyuan Quantum Computing Technology (Hefei) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Benyuan Quantum").
Quantum computers are regarded as the super “industrial accelerator ” of the future because of their powerful computing power and wide application prospects. In 2023, Google conducted a comparative test and showed that quantum computers take less than 3 minutes to complete the same computing tasks, while the fastest supercomputers take about 50 years.
At the beginning of this year, Benyuan Quantum launched a quantum computer equipped with 72 autonomous superconducting quantum chips - "Benyuan Wukong".
The name "Wukong" means that it has the powerful computing power of "72 changes".
Every development starts from zero.
"Superconducting quantum computer industry chain has three key points, chip, hardware, software," Guo Guoping said.
In order to build China's own quantum computer, Benyuan Quantum built two laboratories for quantum chip manufacturing and packaging and quantum computer assembly testing, and completed the full-stack development of software and hardware from the chip to the whole machine.
The quantum chip needs to operate at extremely low temperatures of -273.15 ° C.
This requires that the cable connected to the quantum chip not only transmits the signal without distortion, but also insulates the heat.
"In order to solve this problem, we jointly developed a high-density microwave interconnect module suitable for extremely low temperature environment and realized the localization of the module," said Jia Zhilong, deputy director of Anhui Quantum Computing Engineering Research Center and member of the "Origin Wukong" development team. "This provides important support for the industrialization of superconducting quantum computers in China."
Quantum computer assembly test requires the whole machine assembly and testing of quantum chips, quantum measurement and control instruments, quantum operating systems, quantum software, etc. "Every research and development must start from zero, which means a huge challenge." Guo Guofeng said.
"Benyuan Wukong" hardware development team leader Kong Weicheng introduced, the new machine matching Benyuan third generation quantum computing measurement and control system "Benyuan Tianji", to achieve the first batch of automated testing of quantum chips in China, so that the overall operation efficiency of quantum computers increased by tens of times.
In addition to chips and hardware, "Benyuan Wukong" is also equipped with China's first quantum computer operating system - Benyuan Senan 3.0 version.
Dou Junhan, head of the operating system research and development team, told reporters that this system has realized the support for batch processing of quantum computing tasks for the first time in China, which can not only support ultra-collaborative computing, but also efficiently dispatch quantum computing resources and greatly improve the overall operation efficiency of quantum computers.
Moving from laboratory to manufacturing chain
On April 10, "Benyuan Wukong" successfully equipped the first PQC (post-quantum cipher) "anti-quantum attack shield" in China.
From computing power to "attack and defense", it marks that China's quantum computer manufacturing chain is more complete.
"To build a superconducting quantum computer, you need to start from the theoretical research in the laboratory and go through the whole process." Zhang Hui, general manager of Benyuan Quantum, introduced that Benyuan Quantum has also successively developed and manufactured the domestic quantum chip production equipment such as the first non-destructive probe instrument for quantum chip testing and the laser annealing instrument for quantum chip repair.
With the formation and improvement of the manufacturing chain of superconducting quantum computers integrating research and development, design, production and testing, Origin Quantum has become the only company in China with the overall delivery capability of superconducting quantum computers.
At present, "Origin Wukong" has cooperated with a number of national supercomputing centers and departments and units such as finance, communications, power, aviation and aerospace.
The active participation of these industries has provided a better scientific research soil for the manufacturing and application of quantum computers in China.
This year's government work report proposed to actively cultivate emerging industries and future industries, formulate future industrial development plans, open up new tracks such as quantum technology and life sciences, and create a number of future industrial pilot areas.
"We will accelerate the principle verification, technology transformation and application development of quantum computing, and make steady progress towards realizing the goal of large-scale programmable universal quantum computer."
(Editor: Li Yihuan, Li Fang)
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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

China leads in quantum information technology patents with about 37% of global applications, reflecting strong R&D momentum.

Title:

Content: 【 Printing 】
【 Page 1 Page 2 】
What is the stable operation of "Origin Goku"?
Related LINKS http: / / www.CRNT.com 2024-05-12 13: 00: 13
Beijing, May 12 / According to the Economic Daily, as of May 7, China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer "Origin Wukong" has attracted more than 8 million visits worldwide.
Previously, it also successfully connected to the Yangtze River Delta hub Wuhu cluster computing power public service platform and other 3 supercomputing centers, marking the formal completion of China's general computing, intelligent computing, supercomputing, and measurement of the "four calculations in one" system.
What does the stable operation of "Origin Goku" show?
Demonstrated the stability and practicality of China's autonomous quantum computing power. "Origin Wukong" is China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer, equipped with 72 autonomous superconducting quantum chips.
This computer is named "Wukong", which means that the Chinese traditional mythological figure Sun Wukong is as vast as the divine powers, will change seventy-two. "Source Wukong" was independently developed by the Source Quantum team and launched on January 6 this year, and has been online for four months, with an average of about 66,700 daily global visits, and an average of nearly 1,500 computing tasks completed daily.
Quantum computing is a cutting-edge emerging technology, promising in areas such as artificial intelligence, biomedicine, and financial analysis.
If you compare a universal traditional computer to a bicycle, a quantum computer is like an airplane.
Decompose 300 large numbers, using a trillion-time traditional computer takes 150,000 years, using a trillion-time quantum computer only takes 1 second.
The biggest advantage of a quantum computer is its powerful computing power, but compared with traditional computers, the technology is immature, the manufacturing cost is high, and the reliability is not strong.
China's quantum computing technology is in the transition stage from laboratory research and development to industrial applications.
Demonstrates the great potential of China's independent quantum computing power out of the laboratory and towards industrialization, as well as the international recognition and competitiveness of China's quantum computers. "Origin Wukong" with hardware, chips, operating systems and application software are realized independently and controllable, and the localization rate is more than 80%, which marks the basic formation of China's superconducting quantum computer industry chain.
In the past four months of operation, "Benyuan Wukong" has successfully completed more than 178,000 computing tasks for users in 120 countries. The United States, Japan, Canada and other countries with quantum computers have shown great concern for "Benyuan Wukong", of which the United States users visit far more frequently than other countries.
In the field of quantum computing, developed countries led by the United States have started early, developed rapidly and have a high degree of industrial maturity, and have gradually established a "quantum computing ecological chain".
For example, IBM USA led the creation of the Quantum Computing Industry Network (IBM Quantum Network) in 2017, which has more than 250 members from the United States, Japan, Korea, Germany, Australia and other countries, involving Fortune 500 companies, start-ups and academic institutions.
However, although China started late in the quantum field, it has made rapid progress.
A recent paper on global quantum information technology patents shows that from 2003 to 2022, China's quantum information technology patent applications accounted for 37% of the world's total, surpassing the proportion of the United States slightly higher than 28%.
【 Page 1 Page 2 】
【 Printing 】
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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The country also leads globally in quantum communication research and has mobilized top national institutions to build strategic advantages.

Title:

Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
Ten years to look back: quantum leap, the future can be expected
Pan Jianwei
July 17, 2023 09: 03 | Source: Science and Technology Daily
Small number
On July 17, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping went to the Chinese Academy of Sciences to inspect the work, and I had the honor to participate in the symposium as a representative of scientific and technological personnel, and reported to the General Secretary the progress of quantum science and technology research.
After listening to the report, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Scientists began to regulate the quantum world, which will greatly promote the development of information, energy and materials science, and bring a new industrial revolution."
On April 26, 2016, when General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the China University of Science and Technology, I had the honor to report to the General Secretary again on the progress of work, and the General Secretary highly affirmed that “it is very promising and very important ”.
The report of the 19th and 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) "praised" the related achievements of quantum science and technology. "'Mozi' flew into space" and "the successful development of quantum computers" were selected as President Xi Jinping 's New Year message.
Under the great attention and strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee, up to now, China's quantum technology has achieved a historical leap from following and running to partially leading, quantum communication research has firmly established the international first square array status, and quantum precision measurement research has entered the international leading ranks.
In the past ten years, in the process of quantum science and technology in China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has played a key role in integrating and optimizing resources and forming a joint force in the field of quantum science and technology.
With the support of the "First Action" plan, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, as the main force of national strategic scientific and technological forces, coordinates the innovation elements and advantages of universities, research institutes and related enterprises across the country.
He said that China's quantum technology is facing serious challenges in the development of quantum technology.
At present, major developed countries in the world regard the development of quantum technology as a major strategic choice to enhance national scientific and technological strength and maintain national security, and have successively launched national action plans, which have launched a strong impact on some of China's leading advantages.
At the same time, in the current international situation, the key materials, core devices and high-end instruments required in the field of quantum science and technology in China face an increasingly serious embargo risk.
How to consolidate the advantages, give play to the advantages, continue to lead in the new round of competition and eventually form industrial advantages, has become an urgent problem.
In the new stage of the development of quantum technology, General Secretary Xi Jinping once again made a major strategic judgment. On October 16, 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to systematically sum up the successful experience of the development of quantum technology in China. Strategic emerging industries, seize the commanding heights of international competition in quantum technology, and build new advantages for development.
In accordance with the requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping, we have formed the following thoughts on promoting the deepening development of quantum technology.
First, strengthen the top-level design and overall layout, and continuously enhance the ability of quantum science and technology innovation.
The further development of quantum technology urgently needs the cross-fusion of multiple disciplines and the system integration of various key technologies.
In view of this demand, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the new socialist national system, take the long-term scientific and technological goals as the traction, through the integration of talents, bases and projects, and gather relevant advantages to coordinate the organization of basic research, applied basic research, technology research and development, and the transformation of achievements and industrialization.
The second is the deep integration of production, education and research to enhance the independent innovation ability of quantum technology.
Innovate the science and technology financial system, guide and encourage enterprises and social capital to participate in the research and development of quantum technology, especially frontier research, and realize the continuous development of the innovation chain and industrial chain.
Give full play to the research advantages of scientific research institutions, the industrial advantages of enterprises, the financial advantages of financial institutions and social capital, and carry out independent research and development of relevant key materials, core devices, high-end instruments and equipment, and basic software to ensure that the key links of the industrial chain and supply chain are independent and controllable.
Third, we should adhere to open cooperation and make full use of international intellectual resources on the principle of "controllable open source". "Controlling" means having asymmetric advantages in some links, and it is difficult for other countries to "jam the neck" in other links. "Open source" means sharing each other's needs and drawing on others' strengths on this basis.
Based on China's existing advantages, it has taken the lead in organizing international scientific plans, participating in the development of international standards and technical specifications, and improving China's influence and voice in global quantum science and technology innovation.
Time is like a stream, time is like a stream.
Over the past ten years, we have always kept in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on the development of quantum science and technology, worked hard and tackled difficult problems, and contributed a small amount to the leap of national quantum science and technology.
In the new journey, we will continue to persist in tackling key problems and innovation, and make new and greater contributions with practical actions to promote China to play its core leading role in the second quantum revolution and accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.
(The author is executive vice president of China University of Science and Technology, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, president of the Institute of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences)
(Editor: Wang Zhen, Chen Jian)
Public Number ： People 's Network Finance
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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

In the United States, IBM leads a large industrial and research ecosystem, including a quantum network of over 250 member organizations across academia and industry.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

IBM’s hardware milestones include the 127-qubit Eagle processor, a 1,000+ qubit chip delivered in 2023, and the 133-qubit Heron with a five-fold error reduction. [13][4].

Title:

Content: A new quantum processor, a modular quantum computer and more were unveiled at the IBM Quantum Summit, held in New York on Dec. 4. This hardware is part of IBM’s effort toward large-scale quantum computing for scientific research.

In addition, IBM announced Qiskit 1.0, which is the stable release of the open source programming software development kit for quantum circuits.

While quantum computing is often experimental and used in academic settings, it can be used in the enterprise when organizations need to solve mathematical problems too complex for classical computing, such as creating new chemical combinations in materials engineering or pharmaceuticals. Quantum key distribution and quantum cryptography can be used in cybersecurity.

Jump to:

Researchers can now access the new IBM Quantum Heron processor

IBM Quantum Heron (Figure A) is a 133-qubit quantum processor available today via the cloud. It is the successor to IBM Quantum Eagle, which came out in 2021 and established 3D packaging techniques that laid the groundwork for the company’s subsequent quantum processors.

Figure A

“Fundamentally, Heron looks a lot like Eagle — it’s the same type of qubits, the same fabrication and the same packaging technology; so most of Eagle has carried straight across; it’s really some details of the on-chip circuitry and our controls that have changed,” said Oliver Dial, CTO at IBM Quantum, in an email to TechRepublic. “One of the key breakthroughs from Eagle was the development of multi-level wiring, with the qubits sitting on a single plane, to provide flexibility for signal routing and device layout.”

IBM Quantum Heron includes advances in qubit fabrication and laminate size and a five-fold improvement in error reduction compared to IBM Quantum Eagle.

“We are firmly within the era in which quantum computers are being used as a tool to explore new frontiers of science,” said IBM SVP and Director of Research Dario Gil in a press release.

Specifically, IBM quantum processors are being used in scientific settings to simulate chemistry, physics and materials problems. The long-term goal is to expand these experiments to what IBM calls “utility scale” – in essence, to solve practical, widespread problems.

“In this context, ‘utility-scale’ means a processor with 100+ qubits, which allows the user to run calculations that are too big to be simulated on a classical computer,” Dial said. “It’s the combination of this scale and error-mitigation techniques that will allow users to derive real value from a quantum computer – hence ‘utility.’ Now that we’ve achieved utility-scale, we’re seeing people using quantum computing as a scientific tool.”

“I like to say users are using quantum computing to do quantum computing,” Gambetta wrote in a blog post on Dec. 4.

WATCH: Explore quantum computing myths and realities in this TechRepublic video

These institutions work with IBM to demonstrate research exploring large-scale quantum computing:

  • University of Tokyo.
  • Argonne National Laboratory.
  • Fundacion Ikerbasque.
  • Qedma.
  • Algorithmiq.
  • University of Washington.
  • University of Cologne.
  • Harvard University.
  • UC Berkeley.
  • Q-CTRL.

IBM Quantum System Two modular system combines classical and quantum computing

IBM Quantum System Two (Figure B) is the system behind IBM’s current quantum computing system architecture. IBM Quantum System Two combines classical and quantum computing, with a middleware layer in between to integrate the two. Scalable cryogenic infrastructure works alongside classical runtime servers with modular qubit control electronics.

IBM Quantum System Two is remarkable because it’s the first modular quantum computer built for utility-scale problems, IBM said. IBM expects it to be upgradeable over time, with the goal of running 1 billion operations in a single quantum circuit by 2033. That’s an extraordinary amount of supercomputing resources for a wide variety of scientific and upcoming business operations.

Figure B

Currently, IBM Quantum System Two runs three IBM Quantum Heron processors. It began operating recently at an IBM facility in Yorktown Heights, NY.

Qiskit quantum SDK reaches stable release 1.0

Qiskit 1.0, the stable release of IBM’s quantum computing software development kit, will be available in February 2024. (IBM first made Qiskit available in 2017.) Qiskit 1.0 is built around the idea of Patterns, IBM’s programming template for making quantum computing more accessible by translating classical inputs to quantum problems. Patterns are meant to be run on IBM’s Quantum Serverless computing infrastructure.

Generative AI for quantum code programming in Qiskit will be available through IBM’s enterprise AI platform watsonx. IBM revealed Qiskit Code Assistant, a generative AI assistant bot made to help users navigate Qiskit and IBM Quantum Platform. Qiskit Code Assistant is coming in alpha in early 2024 for premium subscribers of the IBM Quantum Platform.

“Generative AI and quantum computing are both reaching an inflection point, presenting us with the opportunity to use the trusted foundation model framework of watsonx to simplify how quantum algorithms can be built for utility-scale exploration,” said Jay Gambetta, vice president and IBM fellow at IBM, in a press release.

Plus, IBM announced:

  •  A new Transpiler Service in Qiskit
  •  AI Transpiler passes for Qiskit Premium users
  •  the Batch execution mode, a context manager.

IBM expands roadmap for quantum development

IBM unveiled an expanded roadmap that will shape its work on developing quantum computing. IBM Quantum System Two is part of the plan as the home of IBM’s upcoming quantum processors.

According to the roadmap, 2023 was the year of IBM adding generative AI and speeding up quantum processing by five times with quantum serverless and Execution modes. IBM plans to focus 2024 on improving quantum circuit quality and speed to allow 5,000 quantum logic gates with parametric circuits. (A quantum logic gate is a building block of quantum computing, operating on qubits instead of conventional bits.) IBM Quantum Heron and resource management are on the schedule for 2024.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

IBM targets a 4,000-qubit system by 2025 and is developing modular quantum systems (Quantum System Two) and software like Qiskit Runtime to tackle noise and scale-up challenges. [23][73].

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Content: Buy Alert: 3 Quantum Computing Stocks Nearing Super Attractive Entry Points

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  • These stellar quantum computing stock opportunities are poised to become massive investments over the long run.
  • IBM (IBM): Spearheading quantum computing advancements and providing a steady income stream with a 4.61% dividend yield, IBM showcases a unique mix of innovation and financial stability.
  • Defiance Quantum ETF (QTUM): Offering a diversified investment opportunity in its niche, QTUM opens the door to potential growth from industry leaders such as IonQ, Nvidia, and NXP Semiconductors.
  • Alphabet (GOOGL): Demonstrating “quantum supremacy” and posting a 40% stock gain amidst thriving advertising and cloud sectors, Alphabet investors have a lot to look forward to ahead.

In the fascinating landscape tech realm, quantum computing stock opportunities could prove to be incredibly lucrative over time. The notion of quantum computing, born over two decades ago, is now gaining solid traction on The Street. Moreover, the technology, rooted in the mysteries of quantum mechanics, aims to boost computing speeds significantly.

The advancements in quantum computing are impossible to ignore, with continuous improvements and decreasing development costs. Moreover, the sector’s convergence with cloud computing opens doors for broader accessibility among researchers and software developers.

Furthermore, as the digital economy and artificial intelligence sectors grow, global spending on cloud computing is expected to reach a whopping $1 trillion annually within the next decade. Quantum computing appears to be on the cusp of becoming a game-changer, and it might be the most opportune time to load up on affordable quantum computing stocks.

IBM (IBM)

Source: shutterstock.com/LCV

IBM (NYSE:IBM) has made considerable strides in fast-evolving quantum computing. Its pioneering advancements, accessible via cloud services, are critical to the broader cloud and cognitive software division.

IBM’s quantum computing efforts have been extraordinary, developing a unique strategy to combat quantum noise, a notable obstacle in quantum computing. By introducing and tracking the effects of additional noise, the approach could potentially bring quantum computers on par with their conventional counterparts in terms of usability.

Moreover, IBM has introduced a suite of quantum-related products. This includes Qiskit Runtime, efficient task-completion algorithms, and the yet-to-be-released Quantum-Safe, which aims to bolster users’ cybersecurity capabilities in sync with the expanding quantum technology industry.

Moreover, IBM’s attractive dividend yield of 4.61% adds another feather to its cap, providing a reliable long-term income stream supported by its powerful cash flows.

Defiance Quantum ETF (QTUM)

Source: Amin Van / Shutterstock.com

In the quantum computing realm, the Defiance Quantum ETF (NYSEARCA:QTUM) stands out as a fascinating bet for investors seeking a diversified approach to this high-potential sector. This ETF, equipped with a modest expense ratio of 0.40%, delivers exposure to some of the biggest players in quantum computing, diminishing the volatility seen with individual stocks in this emergent field.

The beauty of QTUM lies in its democratization of investment opportunities sidestepping the need for technical comprehension of quantum computing. Hence, QTUM effectively offers a gateway to potential growth spurred by a technology set for many industries. This makes it one of those quantum computing stock opportunities you can’t afford to miss.

Inside the QTUM’s basket, you’ll find leading quantum computing stocks, names such as IonQ (NYSE:IONQ) , Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA), and NXP Semiconductors (NASDAQ:NXPI), among others. These companies represent the frontiers of quantum innovation, making QTUM an enticing pick for those aiming to tap into the quantum leap.

Alphabet (GOOGL)

Source: IgorGolovniov / Shutterstock.com

Alphabet (NASDAQ:GOOGL) has effectively carved out its niche in the competitive landscape of quantum computing. Its journey began in 2006, with a breakthrough in 2019 when Alphabet demonstrated “quantum supremacy,” showcasing its quantum computer’s capacity to outperform a conventional computer.

Its quantum prodigy, Sycamore, leveraged 54 qubits to accomplish a calculation in a mere 200 seconds. However, despite concerns from the research community, Alphabet remains undeterred, persistently improving its hardware, software, and algorithms. Consequently, a next-gen Sycamore capable of computations could bog down a supercomputer for an astounding 47 years.

Moreover, in this turbulent year, Alphabet’s stock flourished with over a 40% gain, propelled by robust growth in its advertising and cloud spheres and breakthroughs in conversational AI. Indeed, Alphabet is a quantum player worth watching.

On the date of publication, Muslim Farooque did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines

Muslim Farooque is a keen investor and an optimist at heart. A life-long gamer and tech enthusiast, he has a particular affinity for analyzing technology stocks. Muslim holds a bachelor’s of science degree in applied accounting from Oxford Brookes University.

Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2023/08/buy-alert-3-quantum-computing-stocks-nearing-super-attractive-entry-points/.

©2023 InvestorPlace Media, LLC

What are important areas in quantum research?

development of high-level software
implementations of quantum processors

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Google’s 54-qubit Sycamore processor demonstrated “quantum supremacy” in 2019 by completing in 200 seconds a task estimated to take a classical supercomputer 10,000 years. [38].

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely fast calculations
extremely complex calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

Honeywell achieved a record quantum volume of 512 in 2021, highlighting progress in system performance beyond qubit counts alone.

Title:

Content: Quantum Computing Market was valued at nearly USD 234.06 billion by 2032

Prudour Private Limited

Updated · Mar 06, 2023

Quantum Computing Market Overview

Published Via 11Press: Quantum computing is a rapidly developing market that is revolutionizing how we approach computing and data processing. By employing principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations, quantum computers are capable of solving problems that classical computers may find impossible or impracticable to resolve.

The global quantum computing market size is forecast to reach USD 234.06 billion by 2032 from USD 10.13 billion in 2022, rising at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 36.89% during the forecast period.

At present, the quantum computing market is dominated by a few major players such as IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Honeywell. These firms are investing heavily in quantum computing research and development as well as creating quantum computing hardware and software systems.

The quantum computing market is expected to have a profound effect on industries such as healthcare, finance, logistics, and energy. Some key applications of quantum computing include drug discovery, supply chain optimization, financial modeling, and climate modeling.

Though the quantum computing market is promising, it still faces several obstacles such as high costs of hardware, a shortage of skilled experts in this area, and technical difficulties when building large-scale quantum computers. With ongoing research and development efforts, however, these problems should be overcome within the coming years, leading to even greater growth and innovation in this space.

Key Takeaways

  • The global quantum computing market size was valued at USD 234.06 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 36.89% from 2022 to 2032.
  • Quantum computing is capable of solving problems that would be intractable or impossible for classical computers to solve.
  • The quantum computing market is dominated by a few major players, including IBM, Google, Microsoft and Honeywell.
  • The quantum computing market is expected to have a profound effect on numerous industries, such as healthcare, finance, logistics and energy.
  • Quantum computing has many important applications such as drug discovery, supply chain optimization, financial modeling and climate modeling.
  • The quantum computing market remains plagued by several obstacles, such as the high cost of quantum computing hardware, lack of qualified quantum computing experts and technical difficulties in building and running large-scale quantum computing systems.
  • Research and development are expected to overcome these obstacles within the next couple of years, propelling even greater growth and innovation in the quantum computing market.

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Regional Snapshot

  • North America: North America is currently the leading market for quantum computing, with the United States playing a major role. Major companies such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft are driving this growth through their presence and investment in research and development activities related to quantum computing. This region boasts numerous key players such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft which are driving demand within this region.
  • Europe: Europe is an increasingly important market for quantum computing, with countries such as the UK, Germany, and France investing heavily in research and development. Through partnerships between quantum computing companies and other technology firms as well as the growing adoption of quantum computing across various industries, this region’s market is experiencing rapid expansion.
  • Asia Pacific: The quantum computing market in Asia Pacific is expected to experience significant growth over the coming years due to increased investments in research and development by countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. Furthermore, there have been an increasing number of collaborations between companies using quantum computing with academic institutions as well as its increasing adoption across industries like healthcare and finance – all contributing factors for market expansion within this region.
  • The Rest of the World: Countries such as Brazil, South Africa, and the UAE are expected to experience significant growth in the quantum computing market over the coming years due to increased investments in research and development efforts as well as the growing adoption of quantum computing across various industries. These factors are fueling this region’s meteoric rise in this region.

Drivers

  • Quantum Computing Gaining Adoption in Various Industries: Quantum computing is seeing an uptick in popularity across a range of industries, such as healthcare, finance, logistics, and energy – as companies seek to use their power to solve complex problems and gain an edge in competition.
  • Investments in Quantum Computing Research and Development: Governments, academic institutions, and private companies have made substantial investments in quantum computing research and development, spurring innovation and progress within the field.
  • Growing Number of Partnerships and Collaborations: There has been an uptick in partnerships and collaborations between quantum computing companies and other technology firms, as well as academic institutions and research organizations. This trend is propelling the development of new quantum computing hardware and software systems, as well as its adoption across various industries.
  • Increasing Access to Cloud-Based Quantum Computing Services: The growing availability of cloud-based quantum computing services is making it simpler for companies and researchers to utilize this cutting-edge technology, spurring adoption and innovation within the field.

Restraints

  • Limited Access to Qualified Quantum Computing Experts: Unfortunately, there is currently a shortage of highly experienced quantum computing specialists, making it challenging for companies to construct and sustain quantum computing systems.
  • Technical Challenges in Building and Maintaining Large-Scale Quantum Computing Systems: The development of large-scale quantum computing systems is still in its early stages, so there are numerous technical obstacles that must be overcome, such as noise reduction, error correction, and scalability.
  • Limited Quantum Computing Applications: Although the list of potential applications for quantum computing is growing, the number of practical ones that have been developed and implemented remains limited. This can make it challenging for companies to justify investing in quantum computing technology.
  • Regulatory Challenges: Quantum computing technology may face regulatory restrictions, particularly around data privacy and security. This could create additional obstacles to the adoption and investment in the technology.

Opportunities

  • Growing Number of Partnerships and Collaborations: The growing number of partnerships and collaborations among quantum computing companies, other technology firms, academic institutions, and research organizations is creating opportunities for the development of new quantum computing hardware and software systems as well as its adoption across various industries.
  • Advancements in Quantum Computing Hardware and Software: With the rapid progress being made in the development of quantum computing hardware and software, new opportunities will present themselves for applying this technology across various industries and fields.
  • The growing availability of cloud-based quantum computing services: Cloud-based quantum computing services are making it simpler for companies and researchers to access and utilize quantum computing technology, spurring adoption and innovation within the field.
  • Growth of Quantum Computing as a Service: As more companies and researchers embrace the potential of quantum computing, cloud-based quantum computing services are creating exciting new business opportunities for those offering these solutions.
  • Potential for Breakthroughs in Areas such as Drug Discovery, Finance, and Energy: Quantum computing holds the potential to unravel complex issues in fields like drug discovery, finance, and energy – leading to major breakthroughs and advances. This presents companies with unique opportunities for those who can develop and implement quantum computing solutions in these sectors.

Challenges

  • Technical Challenges in Constructing and Running Large Quantum Computing Systems: As quantum computing systems continue to emerge, numerous technical obstacles must be overcome such as noise reduction, error correction, and scalability. These issues make it challenging for companies to construct and run these massive quantum computers efficiently.
  • Limited Access to Qualified Quantum Computing Experts: There is currently a shortage of highly experienced quantum computing professionals, making it difficult for companies to construct and maintain quantum computing systems. This shortage could potentially restrict the growth of this industry in the coming years.
  • Quantum computing Applications: While quantum computing has many potential uses, the number of practical applications that have been created and implemented remains limited. This could make investing in quantum computing technology and research on practical applications an attractive prospect.

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Recent Developments

  • Google Claims Quantum Supremacy: In 2019, Google claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy by performing a calculation on its quantum computer that even the most powerful supercomputers would take thousands of years to complete. This was seen as an important milestone in the advancement of quantum computing technology.
  • IBM Launches Quantum Computing Program for Students: In 2020, IBM unveiled a quantum computing program specifically tailored towards students that provides them with access to IBM’s resources and tools, as well as a platform for learning and collaboration.
  • Honeywell Achieves Quantum Computer Record Performance: On March 20, 2021, Honeywell revealed its creation of a quantum computer with an astonishing quantum volume of 512. This feat marked an amazing advancement in quantum computing technology and demonstrated how rapidly progress has been made since then.
  • Amazon Web Services Announces Quantum Computing Service: On June 2021, Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced the launch of its own quantum computing service called Amazon Bracket. This offering gives customers access to various vendors’ hardware as well as tools and resources for developing and testing quantum algorithms.

Key Market Segments

Type

  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Services

Application

  • Defense
  • Healthcare & pharmaceuticals
  • Chemicals
  • Banking & Finance
  • Energy & power

Key Market Players

  • D-Wave Systems
  • Google
  • IBM
  • Intel
  • Microsoft
  • 1QB Information Technologies
  • Anyon Systems
  • Cambridge Quantum Computing
  • ID Quantique
  • IonQ
  • QbitLogic
  • QC Ware
  • Quantum Circuits
  • Qubitekk
  • QxBranch
  • Rigetti Computing

Nature Insights

  • Progress is being made in the development of quantum computing hardware: Despite the challenges facing large-scale quantum computing systems, progress is being made on quantum computing hardware. This includes creating quantum processors with increasingly more qubits and creating new materials suitable for use in quantum computers.
  • Quantum computing software is still in its early stages: While progress is being made with quantum computing hardware, software development for quantum computation remains at a standstill. This presents an immense challenge to the industry as developing efficient quantum algorithms is essential to realizing its full potential.
  • Collaboration is essential to the advancement of quantum computing: Collaboration between companies, academic institutions, and research organizations is essential for progress in this industry. This includes joint efforts to develop new hardware and software systems as well as collaborations that promote quantum computing across various industries.

Report Scope

Report Attribute Details
The market size value in 2022 USD 10.13 Bn
Revenue forecast by 2032 USD 234.6 Bn
Growth Rate CAGR Of 36.89%
Regions Covered North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa, and the Rest of the World
Historical Years 2017-2022
Base Year 2022
Estimated Year 2023
Short-Term Projection Year 2028
Long-Term Projected Year 2032

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FAQ.

What is quantum computing?

Quantum computing is a type of processing data using quantum mechanics. It relies on principles such as superposition, entanglement, and interference which enable quantum computers to perform calculations that would be impossible with classical computers.

What are some potential applications of quantum computing?

Quantum computing holds great promise for revolutionizing industries such as drug discovery, finance, energy, and logistics. Potential uses include creating new drugs and materials, optimizing supply chains and logistics networks, and even improving weather forecasting models with greater precision.

What are some of the challenges facing the quantum computing market?

The quantum computing market faces numerous obstacles, such as technical difficulties in building and running large-scale quantum computers, high costs associated with quantum computing hardware, a scarcity of highly qualified quantum experts, and an absence of practical applications developed and deployed.

Who are some of the major players in the quantum computing market?

Major companies operating within this space include IBM, Google, Microsoft, Honeywell, Intel, and Rigetti Computing. These firms are actively developing and commercializing quantum computing hardware and software systems.

What is the outlook for the quantum computing market?

Overall, analysts anticipate a bright future for quantum computing, with continued investment and innovation anticipated in the coming years. Though still in its early stages of development, its potential advantages are immense - leading to rapid industry growth over the coming years.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

Intel is advancing silicon spin qubits using standard CMOS fabs, including a 12-qubit “Tunnel Falls” chip with about a 95% yield and wafer-scale production methods. [72].

Title:

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Intel has established industrial production of quantum processors
Employees with the assistance of the research center QuTech have established the production of quantum processors on an industrial scale.
According to a press release, the company ’ s Oregon factory is capable of assembling more than 10,000 processors on a single silicon wafer.
Photo by IntelIntel
Quantum processors Intel and QuTech are built on the basis of qubits placed on special 300-mm sheets of silicon.
Representatives of the company do not specify the details of the architecture of the microchip, but it is known that earlier at the same plant in Oregon, Intel assembled processors from several (maximum two) qubits.
In the future, the manufacturer expected to present assemblies consisting of seven and seventeen qubits.
According to Intel ’ s director of quantum equipment, in the future the technology can provide incredible performance for certain tasks in the field of intensive computer computing.
According to Clark, the company ’ s research proves that a full-fledged quantum computer can be assembled at current chip factories.

What are important areas in quantum research?

new types of qubits
implementations of quantum processors

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

IonQ develops trapped ion systems with strong gate and measurement fidelities, holds dozens of US patents, and has reported systems with dozens of trapped ion qubits under test. [4].

Title:

Content: State of the Art Quantum Chemistry in 2022

Quantum chemistry is very hard. The best quantum computing chemistry seems to be at the level of 12 qubits / 12 atoms. Supercomputer simulations can handle 20 qubits and 20 atoms simulation. There are early papers that suggest classical supercomputers can get to 100 atoms and 1000 qubit for some types of simulation. Quantum computers are pushing up to 35 high fidelity trapped ion and there is work to achieve superior error mitigation and error suppression and eventual error correction with quantum computers. Breakthroughs in algorithms for supercomputers and for quantum systems are continuing and there are many competitors with different quantum technologies looking to make breakthroughs to scale to thousands and millions of qubits and to develop superior and more efficient error management.

There was a paper in 2022 where quantum simulations on the Sunway supercomputer was performed. At the current stage, classical simulation of quantum computation is crucial for the study of quantum algorithms and quantum computing architectures, especially for heuristic quantum algorithms as VQE. The largest VQE experiment performed on a quantum computer up to date has used 12 qubits. An industrially relevant quantum computational advantage in quantum chemistry is expected to appear at around 38 ≤ N ≤ 68 qubits (under the assumption of error-corrected qubits), which is related to an electronic structure problem including
19 ≤ N ≤ 34 electrons.

Compared to RQC (Random Quantum Circuits), VQE (variational quantum eigensolver) is much more demanding for both quantum and classical computers, for example, the number of CNOT gates involved in a typical quantum computational chemistry simulation quickly goes beyond 1 million with commonly used physically motivated ansatz such as unitary coupled-cluster (UCC). Moreover, the parametric quantum circuit has to be executed many times as is typical for variational algorithms. These effects limit most of the current investigations of VQE using classical computers to very small problems (less than 20 qubits). Unleashing the Julia programming language on Sunway architectures and running it efficiently over 20 million cores is also an extremely challenging task. The 2022 work has set the standard for large-scale classical simulation of quantum computational chemistry, and paves the way for benchmarking VQE applications on near-term noisy quantum computers.

Q2 Chemistry is suitable for large-scale simulation of quantum computational chemistry, based on a combination of the Density Matrix Embedding Theory and the Matrix Product States to reduce the exponentially memory scaling against the system size; a customized three-level parallelization scheme has been implemented according to the nature of the physical problem and the many-core architecture; Julia is used as the primary language which both makes programming easier and enables cutting edge performance close to native C or Fortran; Real chemical systems have been studied to demonstrate the power of Q2Chemistry in computational quantification of proteinligand interactions. To the best of their knowledge, this is the first reported quantum computational chemistry simulation
calculation for real chemical system with as many as 100 atoms and 1000 qubits using DMET-MPS-VQE (and 200 qubits using MPS-VQE), and scales to around 20 million cores. This paves the way for benchmarking with near term
VQE experiments on quantum computers with around 100 qubits.

A new study shows that for problems of real-world interest, such as calculating the energy states of a cluster of atoms, quantum simulations are not yet more accurate than those of classical computers.

The study results show how close quantum computers are to becoming useful atomic and molecular simulation tools for chemists and materials scientists.

Garnet Chan of the California Institute of Technology and his co-workers performed simulations of a molecule and a material using a 53-qubit Google processor called Weber, based on Sycamore.

The team selected two problems of current interest, without any consideration of how well suited they might be to a quantum circuit. The first involves calculating the energy states of an 8-atom cluster of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) found in the catalytic core of the enzyme nitrogenase. This enzyme breaks strong bonds in nitrogen molecules as the first step in an important biological process called nitrogen fixation. Understanding the chemistry of this process could be valuable for developing artificial nitrogen-fixing catalysts for the chemical industry.

One of the key obstacles to accurate quantum simulations is noise—random errors in both the switching of the “gates” that perform quantum logic operations and in the reading of their output states. These errors accumulate and restrict the number of gate operations a computation can enact before the noise dominates. The researchers found that simulations with more than 300 gates were overwhelmed by noise. But the more complex the system, the more gates are needed. The Fe-S cluster, for example, has long-range interactions between spins; to be represented accurately, such interactions require many gates.

The simulations provided predictions for the energy spectra of the Fe-S cluster and the heat capacity of 𝛼-RuCl3 reasonably well—but only if the simulated systems were not too big. For 𝛼-RuCl3 the team could only obtain meaningful results for a very small 6-atom chunk of the crystal lattice; if they increased the size to just 10 atoms, the noise overwhelmed the output. And the constraints on gate operations meant that only about one-fifth of Weber’s quantum resources could be used for the calculation.

State of the Art Quantum Chemistry on IonQ Trapped Ion

Quantum computation has attracted significant attention for its potential to solve certain computational problems more efficiently than with classical computers, especially since IBM launched the first cloud accessible quantum computer and Google demonstrated quantum advantage. One of its most promising applications is to solve electronic structure problems efficiently: to illustrate, consider that for a problem containing N spin orbitals, the number of classical bits required to represent the wave function scales combinatorially with N, while on a quantum
computer only N qubits are needed. The exponential advantage offered by quantum computers has motivated a great deal of research in developing quantum algorithms to solve the electronic structure problem.

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm is designed specifically for current near-term intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers. VQE estimates the ground state of a system by implementing a shallow parameterized circuit, which is classically optimized to variationally minimize the energy expectation value. The VQE algorithm allows the user to select the form of the parameterized circuit.

There is a research paper from $2 billion Trapped Ion quantum computer company IonQ. They got a new record with 12 qubits and 72 parameters. If I am not mistaken the Google work with 10 atoms and qubits was surpassed by this IonQ work.

IonQ is currently testing a 35 trapped ion qubit system. Trapped ion should theoretically be able to achieve physically perfect qubits. However, there are other sources of error in the whole system.

The Sunway supercomputer work on classical machines simulating atoms and the IonQ and other quantum systems will continue to push ahead and race to simulating larger and larger physical atomic and molecular systems.

Orbital-optimized pair-correlated electron simulations on trapped-ion quantum computers

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE) are among the most promising approaches for solving electronic structure problems on near-term quantum computers. A critical challenge for VQE in practice is that one needs to strike a balance between the expressivity of the VQE ansatz versus the number of quantum gates required to implement the ansatz, given the reality of noisy quantum operations on near-term quantum computers. In this work, we consider an orbital-optimized pair-correlated approximation to the unitary coupled cluster with singles and doubles (uCCSD) ansatz and report a highly efficient quantum circuit implementation for trapped-ion architectures. We show that orbital optimization can recover significant additional electron correlation energy without sacrificing efficiency through measurements of low-order reduced density matrices (RDMs). In the dissociation of small molecules, the method gives qualitatively accurate predictions in the strongly-correlated regime when running on noise-free quantum simulators. On IonQ’s Harmony and Aria trapped-ion quantum computers, we run end-to-end VQE algorithms with up to 12 qubits and 72 variational parameters – the largest full VQE simulation with a correlated wave function on quantum hardware. We find that even without error mitigation techniques, the predicted relative energies across different molecular geometries are in excellentagreement with noise-free simulators.

Is there evidence of exponential quantum Advantage in Quantum chemistry.

Abstract
The idea to use quantum mechanical devices to simulate other quantum systems is commonly ascribed to Feynman. Since the original suggestion, concrete proposals have appeared for simulating molecular and materials chemistry through quantum computation, as a potential “killer application”. Indications of potential exponential quantum advantage in artificial tasks have increased interest in this application, thus, it is critical to understand the basis for potential exponential quantum advantage in quantum chemistry. Here we gather the evidence for this case in the most common task in quantum chemistry, namely, ground-state energy estimation. We conclude that evidence for such an exponential advantage across chemical space has yet to be found. While quantum computers may still prove useful for quantum chemistry, it may be prudent to assume exponential speedups are not generically available for this problem.

Researchers from Berkeley and elsewhere examined the case for the exponential quantum advantage (EQA) hypothesis for the central task of ground-state determination in quantum chemistry. The specific version of EQA that they examined required quantum state preparation to be exponentially easy compared to classical heuristics, and for classical heuristics to be exponentially hard. Their numerical simulations highlight that heuristics are necessary to achieve efficient quantum ground-state preparation. At the same time, they do not find evidence for the exponential scaling of classical heuristics in a set of relevant problems. The latter suggests that quantum state preparation can be made efficient for the same problems. However, as EQA is based on the ratio of costs, this does not lead to EQA.

Numerical calculations are not mathematical proof of asymptotics with respect to size and error, nor can they exclude EQA in specific problems. However, their results suggest that without new and fundamental insights, there may be a lack of generic EQA in this task. Identifying a relevant quantum chemical system with strong evidence of EQA remains an open question. They did not consider tasks other than ground-state determination, nor do they rule out polynomial speedups. Depending on the precise form, polynomial quantum speedups could be associated with useful quantum advantage, as even a polynomial classical algorithm does not mean that solutions can be obtained in a practical time. Both aspects may prove important in the further development of quantum algorithms in quantum chemistry.

What are important areas in quantum research?

new types of qubits
implementations of quantum processors

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Oxford Quantum Circuits sells access to its systems via Amazon Web Services, underscoring the growth of cloud-based quantum availability.

Title:

Content: TIMES ENTERPRISE NETWORK: RISING STARS

Start-up leads charge in widening access to quantum computing

Oxford Quantum Circuits sells access to its supercomputer via Amazon Web Services
new

Dr Ilana Wisby is the chief executive of Europe’s first “quantum computing-as-a-service” company and one of very few women leading start-ups in the field.

Quantum computing is developing rapidly, and global investment in the sector has topped $35.5 billion (£27 million) as industry and governments look to seize on the opportunity it presents. In his most recent budget, Jeremy Hunt unveiled a £2.5 billion funding pot for quantum research, even as he slashed funding for other tech areas.

Quantum computers can operate much faster than conventional computers and perform multiple calculations simultaneously. The technology is still maturing, but in the near future it could solve previously intractable problems, enhance artificial intelligence and transform processes such as drug discovery.

Wisby, 32, who holds a PhD in

Fujitsu reached 64 qubits in 2023 and plans systems with more than 1,000 qubits after 2026, contributing to Japan’s strong patent position.

What are important areas in quantum research?

PsiQuantum reported a 700x reduction in computational resource requirements for fault-tolerant photonic approaches and targets a million physical qubits through a modular architecture. [22].

Title:

Content: PsiQuantum to build world ’ s first utility-grade fault-tolerant quantum computer in Australia
Australian and Queensland governments to invest A $940 million (US $620 million) in PsiQuantum
BRISBON, Australia -- (BUSINESS WIRE) -- PsiQuantum today announced that it will build the world's first utility-grade quantum computer at a strategically located location near the airport in Brisbane, Australia.
The Australian Federal and Queensland governments will invest A $940 million (US $620 million) in PsiQuantum through a financial package that includes equity, grants and loans. PsiQuantum is implementing an aggressive plan to make the site operational by the end of 2027.
Fault-tolerant quantum computers will be able to solve problems of commercial value across industries based on chemistry, mathematics, and physics, transforming key industries including renewable energy, minerals and metals, healthcare, and transportation that will drive the global economy for decades to come.
The quantum computing industry has long faced the complex scaling challenge of building a quantum computer with enough physical qubits to enable error correction capabilities to deliver on the promise of quantum computing. PsiQuantum expands its fusion based architecture, employs photonics methods to encode qubits into light particles, and utilizes advanced infrastructure in semiconductor manufacturing to manufacture and Test millions of photonic devices. PsiQuantum ’ s first utility class system will reach the scale of 1 million physical qubits, with an ultra-large footprint and modular architecture that leverages existing cryogenic cooling technologies.
Professor Jeremy O ’ Brien, CEO of PsiQuantum, said: “Utility-scale quantum computers represent an opportunity to build a new and useful computing infrastructure that will set off the next industrial revolution.
This platform will help solve today ’ s seemingly impossible problems and will be a tool to design the solutions we desperately need to protect our future. As the PsiQuantum team takes another big step forward in their mission to deliver on the promise of quantum computing, we are excited to work with the governments of Australia and Queensland. ”
PsiQuantum works with industry leaders from around the world.
The products and technologies of these companies are rooted in basic chemistry and science, such as new drug development, more efficient renewable energy technologies including batteries and solar cells, and major improvements in the process of producing renewable energy such as green ammonia and green hydrogen.
“PsiQuantum is committed to delivering the world ’ s first practical quantum computer, and today ’ s recognition by the Australian government is another important milestone in this mission. With the advent of utility-grade quantum computers on the horizon, our application teams have been working with leading companies in pharmaceuticals, semiconductor manufacturing, aerospace, chemical and financial services to ensure fault-tolerant quantum applications, ” said Stratton Sclavos, PsiQuantum. Deploy once the system is up and running."
About PsiQuantum:
PsiQuantum was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Palo Alto, California.
The company ’ s mission is to build and deploy the world ’ s first practical fault-tolerant quantum computing system.
PsiQuantum ’ s photonic approach enables it to rapidly scale its system with high-volume semiconductor manufacturing technology and existing low-temperature infrastructure.
For more information, please visit www.psiquantum.com
Disclaimer: The original version of this announcement is the official authorized version. The translation is for convenience only. Please refer to the original version. The original version is the only version with legal effect.
Contacts
Alex Mack | Director of Marketing and Communications
amack @ psiquantum.com, media @ psiquantum.com
Contacts
Alex Mack | Director of Marketing and Communications
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What are important areas in quantum research?

Russia reported creating new quantum processors on four platforms within two years and launched an early quantum blockchain in 2018, followed by a domestic ion quantum computer in 2021.

Title:

Content: Russian Federation
Moscow
+ 2 °
Society8 April 2023 5: 20
At the federal open “Digital Lesson ”, children from more than 5,000 Russian schools were told about quantum technologies
On April 7, 2023, in Moscow, the Russian Quantum Center hosted an open “Lesson of Numerals ” on the topic of quantum technologies – children from more than 5,000 Russian schools took part in it.
Photo: Alexey BULATOV
Scientists of Rosatom and the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) told students about the prospects for the development of quantum technologies in economic sectors and urged to replenish the ranks of young researchers in this field who will create the domestic quantum industry.
The topic of the lesson is “The city of the future: how quantum technologies change our lives ”: leading Russian specialists, using the example of everyday events, showed the connection between fundamental science and the quality of life of people and presented specific examples of the use of quantum computing, communications and sensors.
For the first three days from the start of the lesson, schoolchildren and teachers turned to interactive simulators more than 1 million times.
“Achieving national technological sovereignty, especially in high-tech areas, which include quantum technologies, is the goal that the President sets for us.
At the time of the start of the implementation of the road map for quantum technologies in 2021, Russia had only a 2-qubit quantum processor on a superconductor platform.
In just 2 years, scientists managed to create new quantum processors on all four platforms, which makes our country one of the leaders in these developments.
Rosatom State Corporation plays an active role in these processes.
In the coming years, quantum technologies will become a growth point, so it is extremely important to talk about them in an accessible and understandable language to the younger generation.
And the Digit Lesson is an excellent tool for solving this problem, ” said Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko.
Rosatom State Corporation has developed methodological recommendations, interactive simulators and multimedia content of the lesson, presented a description of new “quantum ” specialties and information on educational opportunities in this field.
Support for the federal Digital Lesson is an important element of Rosatom ’ s efforts to create a quantum education system in cooperation with leading Russian universities and research centers, which is designed to cover educational institutions from school to university stages.
The purpose of this work is to form a personnel reserve of researchers and engineers to ensure the technological independence of the country in the quantum sphere.
“Technological independence begins in the school, where our change is formed – new generations who will create the future of the country.
The current “Lesson of numbers ” is devoted to quantum technologies, which have already become the sphere of competition of developed countries.
To be among the leaders, we need not only to widely open the way for Russian schoolchildren to study quantum physics, but also to talk about how important tasks they have to solve.
Rosatom unites universities, research teams and technology companies for the development of quantum computing, ” commented Alexey Likhachev, Director General of Rosatom State Corporation.
ANO “Digital Economy ” is actively developing the project“ Digital Lesson ”, attracting founders and partners.
According to the head of the organization, the project is an effective tool for career guidance of schoolchildren and involving them in the digital agenda.
“Until a few years ago, quantum computing and communication seemed to most citizens something distant, from the realm of fantasy.
It ’ s great that today almost every student can touch this world thanks to the “Lesson of numbers ” and even try their hand in this direction.
For ANO "Digital Economy", on the basis of which the project office is deployed to support the VTN DC, among which two - on "quanta", it is very important to comprehensively develop these areas.
And we understand that any technology is impossible without personnel - that's why we support Rosatom's involvement in the "Lesson of Numbers", careful study of topics, expert support, "says Sergey Plugotarenko, CEO of ANO" Digital Economy ".
Along with the demonstration of a educational film about quantum technologies, practical classes were organized for schoolchildren on game simulators, where the children solved a series of tasks on working with quantum simulators, as well as the use of quantum sensors for targeted drug delivery and the transfer of a quantum cryptographic key.
A unique module of the lesson was an excursion to Russian world-class scientific laboratories, where domestic quantum technologies are born today.
Together with physicists, the lesson was conducted by the co-founder of the RCC Ruslan Yunusov.
Alexey Likhachev, Director General of Rosatom State Corporation, and Grigory Gurov, Chairman of the Board of the Russian Movement of Children and Youth “Movement of the First ”, addressed the young participants with a video greeting.
From April 5 to 30, 2023, a “Lesson of numbers ” is held in Russian schools on the topic“ The city of the future: how quantum technologies change our lives ”.
The strategic partner and developer of interactive simulators and the methodical part of the lesson, Rosatom State Corporation together with the Russian Quantum Center, will hold training sessions for schoolchildren and teachers of the country on the use of quantum computing, communications and sensors in everyday life.
Special attention will be devoted to the career track in the natural science and engineering fields: students will be told about new specialties in the field of quantum technologies, key universities and training opportunities.
The All-Russian educational project “Digital Economy Lesson ” is annually held by ANO“ Digital Economy ” together with the Ministry of Education of Russia, the Ministry of Digital Economy of Russia in partnership with leading Russian technology companies for the purpose of early career guidance of schoolchildren in IT, as well as in support of the federal project “Personnel for the Digital Economy ” of the national program“ Digital Economy of the Russian Federation ”.
The all-Russian educational project “Digital Lesson ” is implemented for the purpose of early career guidance of schoolchildren in IT, as well as in support of the federal project“ Personnel for the Digital Economy ” of the national program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation ”.
Classes on the thematic simulators of the project are held in the form of exciting online games for three age groups: junior, middle and high school students.
Methodological materials of lessons remain available on the project website and cover a wide range of topics: algorithms, coding, team development, Internet security, project management, artificial intelligence, machine learning, personal assistants, networks and cloud technologies, big data, unmanned transport, neural networks and communications, privacy in the digital world.
The initiators of the Digital Lesson are ANO Digital Economy, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of Russia, in partnership with leading companies in digital transformation.
The objectives of the project are the development of digital competencies among schoolchildren and early career guidance: lessons help children navigate the world of professions related to computer technology and programming.
The partners of the project in the 2022 / 23 academic year are Kaspersky Lab, the Sberbank Charitable Foundation “Contribution to the Future ”, 1C, Yandex, VK, Rosatom.
Since 2018, the lessons have been completed more than 65 million times.
Rosatom State Corporation is a global technology holding that unites assets in energy, mechanical engineering, and construction.
It includes more than 350 enterprises and organizations employing 290,000 people.
As part of the unified digital strategy, he participates in the digitalization of the Russian Federation, develops digital products for industry, develops end-to-end digital technologies and internal digitalization, as well as digital competencies and culture.
Systematically implements scientific, educational and educational projects in the field of quantum technologies.
Annually participates in the All-Russian Lesson Figures on Quantum Themes, organizes the work of scientific schools on quantum physics ("From the XIX to the XXI century.
Paradoxes of classical physics and their consequences ”, online school “Quantins ”), scientific competitions (“ Big Challenges ”) and internships (with a partner organization of the RCC).
In the field of higher education, it cooperates with universities to develop programs for training specialists in quantum fields.
He is the initiator of the integration of quantum competencies into the professional skills competitions ATOMSKILLS, DIDGITALSKILLS, HITECH and others.
In order to develop scientific and educational projects on quantum topics, he cooperates with research centers, as well as a consortium of leading Russian organizations in the field of quantum technology development, the National Quantum Laboratory.
The Russian Quantum Center (RCC) is a scientific and technological center of a unique format for Russia, which in a short time took a leading position in its field of scientific research, as well as in the development of high-tech commercial products based on quantum technologies.
The team of RCC researchers includes more than 500 scientists, including leading Russian and world experts.
Over the 12 years of its existence, the RCC has formed 19 scientific groups and projects, 8 technological start-ups, built 17 laboratories, organized six large international conferences and held 5 scientific schools.
In 2018, RCC was the first in the world to launch a quantum blockchain, and in 2021 introduced the first domestic ion quantum computer on qubits.

What are important areas in quantum research?

Finland has commissioned a national research quantum computer and is funding QuTI to develop components and algorithms aligned with industrial needs.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The US Department of Energy awarded $61 million to quantum information projects, including QUANT-NET, highlighting federal support for infrastructure.

Title:

Content: There were 604 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 198,268 in the last 365 days.

Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley, Caltech to Build Quantum Network Testbed

(Credit: iStock)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) will be home to a cutting-edge quantum network testbed, thanks to a new five-year, $12.5 million funding award from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Led by personnel from Berkeley Lab’s Scientific Networking Division/ESnet, UC Berkeley, and Caltech, the R&D collaboration will also leverage quantum development efforts at Berkeley Lab and beyond.

The goal is to build a distributed quantum network between Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley that will help realize the DOE’s vision of establishing a nationwide quantum Internet and support the U.S. National Quantum Initiative. Quantum networks leverage the quantum properties of light to encode much more information than the “ones and zeros” of traditional computing. The quantum Internet will enable future capabilities, including distributed quantum sensing, upscaling quantum computing, and enabling highly secure communications.

“Berkeley Lab has always been a global leader in developing advanced networks for research,” said Berkeley Lab Director Mike Witherell. “With this award, we will be advancing the design of the quantum Internet and furthering the DOE Office of Science mission to deliver scientific discoveries and major scientific tools that transform our understanding of nature.”

The DOE announced the funding award on August 19, with a total commitment of $61 million for several quantum information system projects, including another quantum network testbed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory ($12.5 million), five new Nanoscale Science Research Centers ($30 million), and ongoing development of new building blocks for the quantum Internet ($5 million).

The Berkeley-based project, dubbed QUANT-NET (Quantum Application Network Testbed for Novel Entanglement Technology), will focus on building a software-controlled, application-focused quantum computing network link between Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley. The three-node distributed testbed will feature an entanglement swapping substrate over optical fiber and will be managed by a quantum network protocol stack. The collaboration will also demonstrate entanglement between small-scale quantum computers at the two testbed locations.

“These demonstrations will require seamless integration of a host of different technologies, ranging from quantum information processing with trapped ions, color centers, and superconducting systems, to ultra-highly efficient conversion of quantum information from atoms to light and routing it through a fiber network,” said co-investigator Hartmut Häffner, associate professor of physics at UC Berkeley. “We envision that this work will pave the way toward a quantum Internet for quantum communication applications and allow us to connect different quantum computers to create larger and more powerful ones.”

The idea for QUANT-NET was born out of the 2020 DOE Quantum Internet Blueprint workshop, where representatives from DOE national laboratories, universities, industry, and other U.S. agencies came together to define a roadmap for building the first nationwide quantum Internet. Quantum networking is poised to revolutionize how information gets transmitted between quantum systems, locally and over long distances, and is expected to have a major impact on large-scale sensing experiments, making it of key interest to DOE mission areas, such as astronomy, materials discovery, and life sciences.

“The funded project will lead the way in developing distributed quantum applications using a scalable quantum internet prototype. The focus on systems integration in the proposal was to pave a path toward useful operational deployment and showcase the value generated from building the quantum Internet,” said Inder Monga, director of the Scientific Networking Division and of ESnet, a DOE ASCR user facility. He co-chaired the 2020 DOE blueprint workshop and is principal investigator on the QUANT-NET project.

The project also builds on ESnet’s legacy of supporting game-changing research and innovation testbed projects, Monga added. “Ten years ago, we built the Advanced Network Initiative’s 100G testbed for research, and today we are working with FABRIC to build a nationwide testbed for cutting-edge networking and distributed systems research with the National Science Foundation,” he said. “We will leverage all of this expertise and experience to build QUANT-NET.”

The project brings together world-leading expertise in quantum technologies, optics, materials, networks, testbed operations, and other assets from Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley, and Caltech.

“We have a diverse, talented, multidisciplinary team with focus and intensity to carry out this challenging project,” said co-investigator Maria Spiropulu, professor of physics at Caltech. “We are especially excited to build our testbed while fostering research public-private partnerships with an eye on the quantum industries of the future and the relevant workforce development needed for the Nation to be competitive. And the future is now!”

Additional co-investigators on the QUANT-NET project are Thomas Schenkel of Berkeley Lab and Alp Sipahigil of UC Berkeley.

ESnet is a DOE Office of Science user facility.

# # #

Founded in 1931 on the belief that the biggest scientific challenges are best addressed by teams, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and its scientists have been recognized with 14 Nobel Prizes. Today, Berkeley Lab researchers develop sustainable energy and environmental solutions, create useful new materials, advance the frontiers of computing, and probe the mysteries of life, matter, and the universe. Scientists from around the world rely on the Lab’s facilities for their own discovery science. Berkeley Lab is a multiprogram national laboratory, managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.

DOE’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit energy.gov/science.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Key lessons learned include the centrality of quantum error correction and noise reduction to achieve useful, long-duration algorithms. [38].

Title:

Content: How big does your quantum computer need to be?

Quantum computers are expected to be disruptive and potentially impact many industry sectors. So researchers in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands decided to explore two very different quantum problems: breaking the encryption of Bitcoin (a digital currency) and simulating the molecule responsible for biological nitrogen fixation.

In AVS Quantum Science, from AIP Publishing, the researchers describe a tool they created to determine how big a quantum computer needs to be to solve problems like these and how long it will take.

“The majority of existing work within this realm focuses on a particular hardware platform, superconducting devices, like those IBM and Google are working toward,” said Mark Webber, of the University of Sussex. “Different hardware platforms will vary greatly on key hardware specifications, such as the rate of operations and the quality of control on the qubits (quantum bits).”

Many of the most promising quantum advantage use cases will require an error-corrected quantum computer. Error correction enables running longer algorithms by compensating for inherent errors inside the quantum computer, but it comes at the cost of more physical qubits.

Pulling nitrogen out of the air to make ammonia for fertilizers is extremely energy-intensive, and improvements to the process could impact both world food scarcity and the climate crisis. Simulation of relevant molecules is currently beyond the abilities of even the world’s fastest supercomputers but should be within the reach of next-gen quantum computers.

“Our tool automates the calculation of the error-correction overhead as a function of key hardware specifications,” Webber said. “To make the quantum algorithm run faster, we can perform more operations in parallel by adding more physical qubits. We introduce extra qubits as needed to reach the desired runtime, which is critically dependent on the rate of operations at the physical hardware level.”

Most quantum computing hardware platforms are limited, because only qubits right next to each other can interact directly. In other platforms, such as some trapped ion designs, the qubits are not in fixed positions and can instead be physically moved around — meaning each qubit can interact directly with a wide set of other qubits.

“We explored how to best take advantage of this ability to connect distant qubits, with the aim of solving problems in less time with fewer qubits,” said Webber. “We must continue to tailor the error-correction strategies to exploit the strengths of the underlying hardware, which may allow us to solve highly impactful problems with a smaller-size quantum computer than had previously been assumed.”

Quantum computers are exponentially more powerful at breaking many encryption techniques than classical computers. The world uses RSA encryption for most of its secure communication. RSA encryption and the one Bitcoin uses (elliptic curve digital signature algorithm) will one day be vulnerable to a quantum computing attack, but today, even the largest supercomputer could never pose a serious threat.

The researchers estimated the size a quantum computer needs to be to break the encryption of the Bitcoin network within the small window of time it would actually pose a threat to do so — in between its announcement and integration into the blockchain. The greater the fee paid on the transaction, the shorter this window will be, but it likely ranges from minutes to hours.

“State-of-the-art quantum computers today only have 50-100 qubits,” said Webber. “Our estimated requirement of 30 [million] to 300 million physical qubits suggests Bitcoin should be considered safe from a quantum attack for now, but devices of this size are generally considered achievable, and future advancements may bring the requirements down further.

“The Bitcoin network could perform a ‘hard-fork’ onto a quantum-secure encryption technique, but this may result in network scaling issues due to an increased memory requirement.”

The researchers emphasize the rate of improvement of both quantum algorithms and error- correction protocols.

“Four years ago, we estimated a trapped ion device would need a billion physical qubits to break RSA encryption, requiring a device with an area of 100-by-100 square meters,” said Webber. “Now, with improvements across the board, this could see a dramatic reduction to an area of just 2.5-by-2.5 square meters.”

A large-scale error-corrected quantum computer should be able to solve important problems classical computers cannot.

“Simulating molecules has applications for energy efficiency, batteries, improved catalysts, new materials, and the development of new medicines,” said Webber. “Further applications exist across the board — including for finance, big data analysis, fluid flow for airplane designs, and logistical optimizations.” The article “The impact of hardware specifications on reaching quantum advantage in the fault tolerant regime” is authored by Mark Webber, Vincent Elfving, Sebastian Weidt, and Winifried K. Hensinger. It will appear in AVS Quantum Science on Jan. 25, 2022 (DOI: 10.1116/5.0073075). After that date, it can be accessed at https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1116/5.0073075.

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What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

high error rates
sensitivity to environment

Yale researchers doubled a qubit’s lifetime using quantum error correction, demonstrating tangible gains in coherence from active error suppression.

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Content: Doubling a qubit’s life, Yale scientists prove a key theory of quantum physics

Researchers at Yale have for the first time, using a process known as quantum error correction, substantially extended the lifetime of a quantum bit — a long-sought-after goal and one of the trickiest challenges in the field of quantum physics.

Led by Yale’s Michel Devoret, the experiment proves — decades after its theoretical foundations were proposed — that quantum error correction works in practice.

Quantum error correction is a process designed to keep quantum information intact for a period of time longer than if the same information were stored in hardware components without any correction.

The results were published March 21 in Nature.

Information in classical computing comes in the form of bits corresponding to ones or zeros. In quantum computing, information is stored in special devices with quantum properties that are known as quantum bits, or “qubits.”

In the lab of Devoret, the Frederick W. Beinecke Professor of Applied Physics, these qubits are constructed with superconducting circuits cooled to temperatures 100 times lower than those in outer space.

The qubits can each represent a one or a zero, or — confoundingly — both one and zero at the same time.

This “quantum parallelism” is one of the properties that enables quantum computers to make calculations that will potentially be orders of magnitude faster than what is possible on classical supercomputers and transform multiple industries.

Quantum systems, though, are fragile. They are bedeviled by a fundamental phenomenon of decoherence, a process in which the information stored in qubits quickly loses its quantum properties as a result of their interactions with the surrounding environment.

Quantum error correction, which was theoretically discovered in 1995, offers a means to combat this decoherence. Employing redundancy, it protects the quantum bit of information by encoding it in a system larger than what, in principle, is needed to represent a single qubit.

This larger system, however, makes the effect of the surrounding environment even more invasive and the encoded qubit even more fragile. Because of this effect, and complications from the additional components required to perform error correction, this process had never been able to definitively extend the lifetime of a quantum bit in practice.

In fact, just breaking even with an uncorrected qubit is a rare event, researchers say. Contrary to theoretical promises, in most experiments, error correction accelerates the decoherence of quantum information.

“For the first time, we have shown that making the system more redundant and actively detecting and correcting quantum errors provided a gain in the resilience of quantum information,” Devoret said. “Our experiment shows that quantum error correction is a real practical tool. It’s more than just a proof-of-principle demonstration.”

Devoret’s group has managed to more than double the lifetime of quantum information. Their error-corrected qubit lived for 1.8 milliseconds — things happen fast in the quantum realm.

They achieved their results using an error-correction code that was invented in 2001. “It gives you a sense of the delay between the theoretical proposals and practical realization of them in our field,” Devoret said.

Volodymyr Sivak, the lead author of the paper, said that this performance was achieved in part by employing a machine-learning agent that tweaked the error correction process to improve the outcome.

“There is no single breakthrough that enabled this result,” said Sivak, a former Ph.D.  student in Devoret’s lab and now a research scientist at Google. “It’s actually a combination of a whole bunch of different technologies that were developed in the past few years, which we combined in this experiment.”

The practical success of quantum computing will hinge on being able to create quantum bits of extremely high quality using quantum error correction. “Our experiment validates a cornerstone assumption of quantum computing, and this makes me very excited about the future of this field,” said Sivak.

Other authors of the paper (all affiliated or formerly affiliated with Yale) are Alec Eickbusch, Baptiste Royer, Shraddha Singh, Ioannis Tsioutsios, Suhas Ganjam, Alessandro Miano, Benjamin Brock, Andy Ding, Luigi Frunzio, Steven Girvin, and Robert Schoelkopf.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

Despite advances, current estimates still require thousands of physical qubits to realize a single fault-tolerant logical qubit, motivating hardware and code efficiency improvements.

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Content: New Codes Could Accelerate the Advent of Practical Quantum Computing

One of the biggest stumbling blocks for quantum computers is their tendency to be error-prone and the massive computational overhead required to clean up their mistakes. IBM has now made a breakthrough by dramatically reducing the number of qubits required to do so.

All computers are prone to errors, and even the computer chip in your laptop runs code designed to fix things when a bit flips accidentally. But fragile quantum states are far more vulnerable to things like environmental noise, which means correcting errors in quantum processors will require considerable resources.

Most estimates predict that creating just a single fault-tolerant qubit, or logical qubit, that can carry out useful operations will require thousands of physical qubits dedicated to error correction. Given that today’s biggest processors have just hundreds of qubits, this suggests we’re still a long way from building practical quantum computers that can solve real problems.

But now researchers at IBM say they’ve discovered a new approach that slashes the number of qubits required for error correction by a factor of 10. While the approach currently only works on quantum memory rather than computation, the technique could open the door to efficient new approaches to creating fault-tolerant devices.

Practical error correction is far from a solved problem,” the researchers write in a blog post. “However, these new codes and other advances across the field are increasing our confidence that fault tolerant quantum computing isn’t just possible, but is possible without having to build an unreasonably large quantum computer.”

The leading approach to error correction today is known as the surface code, which involves arranging qubits in a specially configured 2D lattice and using some to encode data and others to make measurements to see if an error has occurred. The approach is effective, but it requires a large number of physical qubits to pull off—as many as 20 million for some key problems of interest, according to IBM.

The new technique, outlined in a preprint on arXiv, comes from the same family of error-correction approaches as the surface code. But while each qubit in the surface code is connected to four others, the new technique connects them to six others, which makes it possible to encode more information into the same number of physical qubits.

As a result, the researchers say they can reduce the number of qubits required by an order of magnitude. Creating 12 logical qubits using their approach would require only 288 physical qubits, compared to more than 4,000 when using the surface code.

There are some significant caveats, though. For a start, it’s currently impossible to achieve the kind of six-way connectivity the team envisages. While the surface code operates on a single plane and can therefore be easily implemented on the kind of flat chip already found in quantum processors, the new approach requires connections to distant qubits that aren’t located on the same surface.

The researchers say this isn’t an insurmountable barrier, and IBM is already developing the kind of long-range couplers required to make these kinds of corrections. The technologies needed are certainly plausible, Jérémie Guillaud at French quantum computing startup Alice & Bob told New Scientist, and could be here in just a matter of years.

A bigger open question, though, is the fact that so far the approach only works with a small number of logical operations. This means that while it works for reading and writing to a quantum memory in a fault-tolerant way, it wouldn’t support most quantum computations.

But the IBM researchers say the techniques they’ve unveiled are just a stepping stone that points toward a rich new vein of even better error-correction approaches. If they’re right and scientists are able to find more efficient alternatives to the surface code, it could significantly accelerate the advent of practical quantum computing.

Image Credit: IBM

Edd Genthttp://www.eddgent.com/
I am a freelance science and technology writer based in Bangalore, India. My main areas of interest are engineering, computing and biology, with a particular focus on the intersections between the three.
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What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

Materials science breakthroughs such as ultra-pure silicon have extended coherence and reduced errors, pointing to fabrication quality as a foundational lever.

Title:

Content: Ultra-Pure Silicon Chip Sparks a Quantum Computing Revolution

A collaboration between the Universities of Melbourne and Manchester has led to a groundbreaking method for producing ultra-pure silicon, enhancing the potential for scalable and accurate quantum computers. This technique extends quantum coherence, significantly reducing computing errors and allowing for complex calculations that outpace traditional computers.

Researchers at the Universities of Melbourne and Manchester have invented a breakthrough technique for manufacturing highly purified silicon that brings powerful quantum computers a big step closer.

The new technique to engineer ultra-pure silicon makes it the perfect material to make quantum computers at scale and with high accuracy, the researchers say.

Enhancing Quantum Coherence

Project co-supervisor Professor David Jamieson, from the University of Melbourne, said the innovation – published today (May 7, 2024) in Communication Materials, a Nature journal – uses qubits of phosphorous atoms implanted into crystals of pure stable silicon and could overcome a critical barrier to quantum computing by extending the duration of notoriously fragile quantum coherence.

“Fragile quantum coherence means computing errors build up rapidly. With robust coherence provided by our new technique, quantum computers could solve in hours or minutes some problems that would take conventional or ‘classical’ computers – even supercomputers – centuries,” Professor Jamieson said.

A qubit – such as an atomic nucleus, electron, or photon – is a quantum object when it is in a quantum superposition of multiple states. Coherence is lost when the qubit reverts to a single state and becomes a classical object like a conventional computer bit, which is only ever one or zero and never in superposition.

Quantum bits or qubits – the building blocks of quantum computers – are susceptible to tiny changes in their environment, including temperature fluctuations. Even when operated in tranquil refrigerators near absolute zero (minus 273 degrees Celsius), current quantum computers can maintain error-free coherence for only a tiny fraction of a second.

University of Manchester co-supervisor Professor Richard Curry said ultra-pure silicon allowed construction of high-performance qubit devices – a critical component required to pave the way toward scalable quantum computers.

“What we’ve been able to do is effectively create a critical ‘brick’ needed to construct a silicon-based quantum computer. It’s a crucial step to making a technology that has the potential to be transformative for humankind,” Professor Curry said.

Lead author and joint University of Melbourne/University of Manchester PhD student Ravi Acharya prepares a silicon chip for enrichment in the University of Manchester P-NAME focused ion beam laboratory. Credit: University of Melbourne/University of Manchester

Silicon’s Role in Quantum Technology

Lead author Ravi Acharya, a joint University of Manchester/University of Melbourne Cookson Scholar, said the great advantage of silicon chip quantum computing was it used the same essential techniques that make the chips used in today’s computers.

“Electronic chips currently within an everyday computer consist of billions of transistors these can also be used to create qubits for silicon-based quantum devices. The ability to create high quality silicon qubits has in part been limited to date by the purity of the silicon starting material used. The breakthrough purity we show here solves this problem.”

Professor Jamieson said the new highly purified silicon computer chips house and protect the qubits so they can sustain quantum coherence much longer, enabling complex calculations with greatly reduced need for error correction.

“Our technique opens the path to reliable quantum computers that promise step changes across society, including in artificial intelligence, secure data and communications, vaccine and drug design, and energy use, logistics, and manufacturing,” he said.

Silicon – made from beach sand – is the key material for today’s information technology industry because it is an abundant and versatile semiconductor: it can act as a conductor or an insulator of electrical current, depending on which other chemical elements are added to it.

“Others are experimenting with alternatives, but we believe silicon is the leading candidate for quantum computer chips that will enable the enduring coherence required for reliable quantum calculations,” Professor Jamieson said.

Co-authors (left) Prof David Jamieson (University of Melbourne) and (right) Dr Maddison Coke (University of Manchester) inspect the P-NAME focused ion beam system at the University of Manchester used for the silicon enrichment project. Credit: University of Melbourne / University of Manchester

Purifying Silicon for Quantum Computing

“The problem is that while naturally occurring silicon is mostly the desirable isotope silicon-28, there’s also about 4.5 percent silicon-29. Silicon-29 has an extra neutron in each atom’s nucleus that acts like a tiny rogue magnet, destroying quantum coherence and creating computing errors,” he said.

The researchers directed a focused, high-speed beam of pure silicon-28 at a silicon chip so the silicon-28 gradually replaced the silicon-29 atoms in the chip, reducing silicon-29 from 4.5 percent to two parts per million (0.0002 percent).

“The great news is to purify silicon to this level, we can now use a standard machine – an ion implanter – that you would find in any semiconductor fabrication lab, tuned to a specific configuration that we designed,” Professor Jamieson said.

Future Prospects and Impact

In previously published research with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, the University of Melbourne set – and still holds – the world record for single-qubit coherence of 30 seconds using silicon that was less purified. 30 seconds is plenty of time to complete error-free, complex quantum calculations.

Professor Jamieson said the largest existing quantum computers had more than 1000 qubits, but errors occurred within milliseconds due to lost coherence.

“Now that we can produce extremely pure silicon-28, our next step will be to demonstrate that we can sustain quantum coherence for many qubits simultaneously. A reliable quantum computer with just 30 qubits would exceed the power of today’s supercomputers for some applications,” he said.

This latest work was supported by research grants from the Australian and UK governments. Professor Jamieson’s collaboration with the University of Manchester is supported by a Royal Society Wolfson Visiting Fellowship.

A 2020 report from Australia’s CSIRO estimated that quantum computing in Australia has potential to create 10,000 jobs and $2.5 billion in annual revenue by 2040.

“Our research takes us significantly closer to realizing this potential,” Professor Jamieson said.

Reference: “Highly 28Si enriched silicon by localised focused ion beam implantation” 7 May 2024, Communications Materials.
DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00498-0

What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

Different hardware modalities carry trade-offs: superconducting qubits can be manufactured at scale but require extreme cryogenics and face coherence limits, while trapped ions excel in fidelity but can be harder to scale. [59][65].

What are important areas in quantum research?

Partnerships that integrate control software with hardware, such as Keysight and Q-CTRL, are accelerating calibration, automation, and the overall quantum design cycle.

Title:

Content: Keysight Technologies, Inc. (NYSE: KEYS) and Q-CTRL, a pioneer of quantum infrastructure software to make quantum technologies useful, are partnering to integrate key infrastructure quantum software to accelerate quantum processor development, characterization, and key proof of principle scientific demonstrations.

An interesting feature of quantum computation is that as qubits are added to a quantum processor, the computational space available to the end user expands exponentially. However, as quantum systems grow exponentially, they become increasingly more complex to design, test, and operate. This means quantum hardware developers face a slow and complex design cycle as current software tools require users to exhaustively test and calibrate an ever-growing number of configurations and combinations.

To address these design challenges, Keysight and Q-CTRL are partnering to provide an integrated solution enabling quantum developers to effectively scale both quantum processor quantity and quality. The solution will integrate Q-CTRL’s Boulder Opal hardware optimization and automation functionality into Keysight’s Quantum Control System (QCS) providing enhanced capability in quantum processor characterization and optimization to rapidly decrease characterization time and improve device up-time.

To accelerate quantum development, the joint solution will:

  • Help navigate complexity – Provide advanced AI/ML tools to navigate complex design and characterization spaces.
  • Automate device optimization – Enable closed loop, autonomous agents to efficiently determine the relationship between Hamiltonian parameters and QCS hardware settings.
  • Accelerate the quantum design cycle – Less time calibrating and characterizing a quantum processor means faster development cycles and more use case development time available.
  • Customizable experiments – Allow users to program and optimize experiments specific to their quantum device.
  • Enhanced exploration – Enable more avenues of exploration and innovation for quantum scientists and engineers.

The Keysight QCS combines dedicated quantum control hardware and full-stack software capabilities to provide an easy-to-use solution for the control and readout of quantum devices. Q-CTRL Boulder Opal delivers cloud-accelerated hardware design, AI-based automation, and quantum control optimization, giving professional teams everything they need to get ahead of the competition.

Alex Shih, Head of Product, Q-CTRL, said: "We are delighted to be working with Keysight to bring Q-CTRL’s hardware characterization and optimization capabilities to their end users and empowering experimentalists and researchers to build and scale real quantum systems. We designed our products to be easily integrated and interoperable across hardware and software architectures, and we are proud to see this help activate the quantum ecosystem. To us, making quantum technology useful relies on not just developing new technologies, but supporting researchers to easily leverage them in building and scaling their quantum systems.”

Eric T. Holland, Director of Strategic Initiatives, Quantum at Keysight, said: "Customer success is at the core of all that we do at Keysight. We are continually seeking feedback from our quantum users to drive our roadmap and spur innovation. This collaboration with Q-CTRL comes from such feedback and we are thrilled to begin our journey to improve the end-user experience and capabilities for our customers."

About Keysight

At Keysight (NYSE: KEYS), we inspire and empower innovators to bring world-changing technologies to life. As an S&P 500 company, we're delivering market-leading design, emulation, and test solutions to help engineers develop and deploy faster, with less risk, throughout the entire product life cycle. We're a global innovation partner enabling customers in quantum, communications, industrial automation, aerospace and defense, automotive, semiconductor, and general electronics markets to accelerate innovation to connect and secure the world. Learn more at Keysight Newsroom and www.keysight.com.

Global reports emphasize that qubit quality has not kept pace with qubit counts, underscoring the need for fault-tolerant architectures before broad practical advantage is realized.

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April 25, 2023

Investment in quantum technology hit a record $2.35bn last year

Billions of dollars have been invested in quantum technology since 2001 with the majority of that investment happening since 2020.

By Ryan Morrison

Quantum technology companies attracted more than $2.35bn in private investment last year, slightly breaking the record set in 2021. A new report by McKinsey suggests this investment could be well placed, as companies deploying quantum stand to gain $1.3trn in value by 2035. To unlock this potential companies have to focus on attracting top talent and scaling up the speed and accuracy of qubits. One expert says public and private sector organisations have a role to play in solving the talent problem.

The McKinsey report suggests four industries are likely to see the earliest impact – automotive, chemicals, financial services and life sciences. This is because these areas have high compute needs and complex problems where quantum advantage is likely to come earlier.

A significant amount of investment in quantum technology is going to start-ups that came into the industry in the past two years. According to McKinsey, 68% of the money put into quantum since 2001 has been invested in the last two years

As of last year, that investment is being spread over fewer new companies. In 2021, 41 quantum technology start-ups were founded, dropping to 19 in 2022 which, according to McKinsey suggests money is going to established start-ups rather than new companies, which could be tied to difficulties in attracting new talent.

The report suggests investors are looking for companies “ready to scale”, with four of the ten largest investment deals since 2001 closed in 2022. Some of these have been worth up to $500m and seven of the ten largest deals in 2022 were worth more than $100m.

Public sector investment is also growing rapidly with the US committing $1.8bn in 2022, the UK will spend £2.5bn over a decade and the EU has $1.2bn for quantum on the table. These are all dwarfed by the estimated $15.2bn public investment in quantum announced by the Chinese government.

Another reason for the redirection of investment towards more established companies could be tied to the slowdown in major scientific breakthroughs, the report authors speculated.

Many of the early-stage quantum technology companies are formed out of university projects and in 2022 the number of published papers on quantum technology declined by 61% between 2020 and 2021. There was another decline, of about 5% between 2022 and 2021. This, they wrote, could be due to challenges becoming harder to solve.

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Need for ‘fault -olerant’ quantum machines

The next stage in quantum computing requires both a ramp-up in qubit numbers and quality to create “fault-tolerant” processors capable of solving real-world problems more accurately and faster than classical computers. The problem is that while qubit numbers have been growing steadily, the quality hasn’t kept pace.

IBM has gone from a 20-qubit processor in 2019 to announcing a 1,000+ qubit machine due for release next year, but it also has a second track of processors with better quality qubits but far fewer actual qubits on each chip.

“In each of the five main approaches to quantum computers, difficult challenges remain,” the authors wrote. This is across all the main types of qubit being developed. For example, in photonics these devices still “leak” photons which results in computation failures and high error rates. In superconducting systems like those used by IBM and Google there are issues scaling up the control and cooling systems to handle potentially thousands of qubits.

These problems have to be solved to unlock the economic value the technology holds, the report authors declared. As economic value depends on speedup, which depends on algorithm complexity, execution time and problem size.

Achieving this scale-up will require top talent and while the talent gap is “significant”, McKinsey suggests it is narrowing in quantum technologies. “Our analysis shows that nearly two-thirds of open jobs in the industry could be filled with new masters’-level graduates in 2022.”

There are still shortages though, with OECD figures showing 717 active job postings last year and 450 master's-level graduates with degrees applicable to those vacancies. This was better than in 2021 when there were 851 job vacancies and just 290 graduates.

Talent isn't evenly spread. Based on density per million inhabitants the EU and UK are top destinations for graduates in quantum technology-relevant fields with 303 per million graduating in the EU in 2020 and 217 per million in the UK.

Ekaterina Almasque, general partner at VC fund OpenOcean, told Tech Monitor the quantum industry was “in its growth phase”, making it extremely challenging to find talent with the necessary skills across a range of technologies and services. “Most individuals working in the industry today were introduced to the concept of quantum computing at a relatively late stage," Almasque says. "While this will change naturally as the industry becomes more established, the private and public sector stakeholders of quantum computing must work together to improve this.”

She adds: “From a European perspective, many pioneering quantum computing businesses are pushing to become world leaders. For Europe to properly establish and maintain a lead in quantum computing, there must be a broad, strategic initiative for early education in quantum computing.”

  • Ryan Morrison writes a new weekly newsletter, Quantum Untangled, looking at the practical applications of quantum computing and interviewing leading figures from the industry. Sign up here.

Read more: How will the UK develop quantum computer regulation?

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What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

Market analyses consistently flag high hardware costs and a shortage of skilled experts as near-term constraints to adoption and commercialization.

Overall market outlooks project rapid growth, with the quantum computing market expected to reach about $234.06 billion by 2032 and cloud-based access expanding quickly. [8].

Title:

Content: Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market projected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 35.5% during the forecast period of 2023-2030 - says MarketDigits in its latest study

The Global Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market was valued USD 750 Million in 2023 and projected to reach USD 6,289.8 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 35.5% during the forecast period of 2023-2030

Richmond, Jan. 02, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to a research report "Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market, by Offering (Service, Software), Technology (Trapped Ions, Quantum Annealing, Superconducting Qubits, Other Technologies, Others), Application (Encryption, Optimization, Sampling, Simulation), Industry Vertical (BFSI, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace and Defense, Research and Academia, Manufacturing, Transportation and Logistics, Others), and Region - Global Forecast to 2030.

Global Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market Report Scope:

Report Details
Market size value in 2023 USD 750 Million
Market size value in 2030 USD 6,289.8 Million
CAGR (2023-2030) 35.5%
Forecast Period 2023–2030
Historic Data 2019
Forecast Units Value (USD Million/USD Billion)
Segments Covered Offering, Technology, Application, End User and Region
Geographies Covered North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and RoW

  • Accenture

  • AWS (Amazon Web Services)
Sample of Companies Covered
  • Baidu

  • Cambridge Quantum Computing

  • D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Download the Sample - https://www.marketdigits.com/request/sample/1108

TOC Covers in Depth & Breath on Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market
170 - Market Data Tables
65 - List of Figures
225 – Pages

The report includes Vendor Assessment (Company Profiles, Market Positioning, Strategies, Recent Developments, Capabilities & Product Offerings / Mapping), Technology Assessment (Developments & Economic Impact), Partner & Customer Ecosystem (Product Services, Proposition & Key Features) Competitive Index & Regional FootPrint by MarketDigits.

Market Overview

Cloud-based quantum computing enables remote access to quantum processors and algorithms, revolutionizing computation for diverse applications via online platforms. The cloud-based quantum computing market is experiencing unprecedented growth as organizations seek to harness the immense computational power of quantum processors through convenient and scalable cloud services. This market evolution marks a paradigm shift in computing capabilities, with leading tech companies investing heavily in quantum research and development. Quantum computing leverages the principles of superposition and entanglement to perform complex calculations at speeds unattainable by classical computers. Cloud-based offerings democratize access to quantum resources, allowing businesses to explore and experiment without the need for extensive on-premises infrastructure. As a result, a diverse range of industries, including finance, healthcare, and logistics, are exploring quantum solutions for optimization, simulation, and machine learning applications. The market's trajectory is driven by a convergence of technological advancements, increased investments, and a growing ecosystem of quantum developers and users, positioning cloud-based quantum computing as a transformative force in the future of information processing.

Major Vendors In The Global Cloud-Based Quantum Computing Market:

  • Accenture
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • Baidu
  • Cambridge Quantum Computing
  • D-Wave Quantum Inc.
  • D-Wave Systems
  • Fujitsu
  • Google
  • Honeywell
  • Huawei Technologies Co.
  • IBM
  • 1QBIT
  • Microsoft
  • QC Ware
  • Riverlane
  • Rigetti Computing
  • T-Systems International GmbH
  • Zapata Computing

Request for Discount @ https://www.marketdigits.com/request/discount/1108

Increasing demand for advanced computational capabilities

The escalating demand for advanced computational capabilities stands as a pivotal driver propelling the cloud-based quantum computing market into prominence. As traditional computing architectures face limitations in solving complex problems, organizations across various sectors are turning to quantum computing to address challenges that were once deemed insurmountable. Cloud-based quantum computing offers a scalable and accessible solution, allowing businesses to harness the extraordinary processing power of quantum processors without the need for significant on-premises infrastructure investments. This surge in demand is fueled by the recognition that quantum algorithms have the potential to outperform classical counterparts in areas such as optimization, cryptography, and machine learning. The advent of cloud-based services democratizes access to quantum resources, empowering a diverse range of industries to explore novel solutions and stay at the forefront of technological innovation in the pursuit of solving complex problems more efficiently and effectively.

Market Dynamics

Drivers:

  • Increasing demand for advanced computational capabilities
  • Growing demand for faster data operations, secure data transfer, and communications

Opportunities:

  • Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing
  • Growing adoption of quantum computing solutions across several verticals

Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing

Recent advances in cloud-based quantum computing present a significant opportunity for the quantum computing market, opening new frontiers in computation and problem-solving. The integration of cutting-edge technologies into cloud services has enhanced the accessibility and usability of quantum computing resources. Cloud providers are actively investing in infrastructure, algorithms, and developer tools, making quantum computing capabilities more user-friendly and scalable. This progress is fostering a conducive environment for experimentation and innovation, attracting a broader spectrum of users from diverse industries. As cloud-based quantum computing platforms evolve, they offer businesses the chance to explore and harness the potential of quantum algorithms without the need for substantial in-house expertise or infrastructure. This opportunity not only accelerates the adoption of quantum technologies but also democratizes access, empowering organizations to leverage the transformative power of quantum computing to solve complex problems and gain a competitive edge in the rapidly advancing digital landscape.

The market for Cloud-based Quantum Computing is dominated by North America.

North America stands as the dominant force in the Cloud-based Quantum Computing market, with the United States and Canada playing pivotal roles. The region's leadership is attributed to the robust presence of major quantum computing players, significant research and development initiatives, and a burgeoning tech ecosystem. In the United States, companies like IBM, Google, and Rigetti Computing have spearheaded quantum advancements, while Canada boasts prominent players like D-Wave. The strategic collaboration between academia, government, and industry in North America has positioned the region as a global hub for quantum computing innovation, solidifying its preeminence in driving the growth and development of cloud-based quantum computing solutions.

The research and academia Segment is Anticipated to Hold the Largest Market Share During the Forecast Period

Based on Industry Vertical the Cloud-based Quantum Computing Market is segmented into BFSI, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace and Defense, Research and Academia, Manufacturing, Transportation and Logistics, Others. The research and academia segment is poised to maintain its dominance, holding the largest market size in the Cloud-based Quantum Computing sector throughout the forecast period. This prominence can be attributed to the active involvement of research institutions and academic entities in advancing quantum technologies. These stakeholders play a crucial role in driving innovation, developing quantum algorithms, and educating the workforce. Cloud-based platforms offer an accessible environment for researchers and students to experiment with quantum computing, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange. As a result, the research and academia segment continues to lead, shaping the trajectory of Cloud-based Quantum Computing's market growth.

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North America currently dominates both the quantum computing and cloud-based quantum markets, with Europe and Asia Pacific accelerating through national initiatives and consortia. [8].

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Across use cases, leading firms and governments are prioritizing materials science, chemistry, optimization, and cryptography, with early applications already explored in industry and research. [12].

Title:

Content: The quantum leap: Quantum computing breakthroughs to watch

The classical computer has been the bedrock of computing for over 50 years. That’s going to change soon. quantum computing, which was once a concept limited to fringe scientific papers, is now becoming a mainstream topic.

We’re seeing significant breakthroughs in the headlines which are stoking the flames of conjecture. The truth is, that this technology will bring with it much more than hype and opportunities to breathe life into sci-fi creations. In this article, we’re going to dive into some of the milestones of quantum computing, future goals and, of course, the challenges that we still have to overcome.

The Quantum Paradigm

Classical computers began as room-sized machines. Computer scientists from the 1950s would be completely flummoxed to see the powerful gaming or AI training rigs of today. That said, computers process information using bits -- either a 0 or a 1. quantum computers break the mold by using quantum bits, or qubits. They’re built upon the principles of quantum mechanics, which allow us to conceptualize that a qubit can exist in a state of 0, 1, or both at the same time (this is known as superposition in quantum theory).

As a result of this state, quantum computers are able to measure vast quantities of possibilities at the same time and exponentially increase their computing power compared to classical machines.

Significant Milestones in Quantum Computing

As with everything groundbreaking, quantum computing has been the subject of much fanfare, which has caused tangible advancements to slip through the cracks. This includes:

The Rise of Quantum Supremacy

The idea of "quantum supremacy" once seemed rather farfetched. That was until Google demonstrated with its Sycamore processor exactly what quantum machines could do. Sycamore was given a calculation that would have taken a classical computer 10,000 years to complete. It completed it in 200 seconds. quantum supremacy is now a modern reality and not just a hypothesis.

Innovations in Quantum Error-Correction

The inherently fragile nature of qubits means they're prone to errors from even the smallest environmental interference. Over the years, researchers have been laser-focused on tackling this problem, giving rise to various quantum error-correction protocols. Among the most prominent are the "surface code" and "cat code" methods, which deploy specialized qubit arrangements and extra layers of computational checks to detect and correct errors in real time.

Development of Quantum Algorithms

Unsurprisingly, with the growth of quantum processors has come an increase in quantum algorithms being developed. Algorithms like Shor's (for integer factorization) and Grover's (for database searching) have proven quantum computing's superiority over classical methods.

quantum algorithms have more granular applications as well, especially for devs and larger organizations. They could drastically reduce the time it takes to render documents in a React PDF viewer, particularly those that are large or contain complex elements like high-resolution images or intricate designs. Imagine one day sending petabytes of multimedia files without delay.

In a fraction of a second, teams could edit, compare, and merge files, all on their native platform, without having to wait until all the documentation is ready for analysis or sending.

This is just a microcosm of how massive quality-of-life (QoL) improvements from quantum computing will actually be. Aside from document readers, artists will also be able to render entire films in a matter of seconds, as there will be no resolution too high to be processed instantly. The same goes for 4K video calls without lags, VR gaming, and so much more.

Quantum Potential

What makes quantum computers so powerful is their ability to solve the problems that have simply been out of reach for classical machines, This includes:

  • Cryptography: Certain mathematical problems (like factorizing large prime numbers) are difficult for modern classical computers. quantum computers, however, are able to solve these problems much faster due to their parallel processing capabilities. Modern digital security rests on the assumption that these problems prevent computers from solving them quickly, and so quantum computing will be incredibly disruptive to modern cryptography. "Revolutionary" won’t even begin to define it.
  • Drug Discovery and Material Science: Another difficult task for classical computers is simulating and understanding complex molecular structures. With quantum computing, molecular simulations will be turbo-charged and lead to important breakthroughs in medicine and material science at a blistering pace.
  • Optimization Challenges: Be it traffic management, financial modeling, or supply chain optimization, problems involving multiple variables and constraints could benefit immensely from quantum computing's prowess, resulting in more efficient and optimal solutions.
  • Machine Learning and Big Data: Data is the new oil. And companies everywhere are drilling. quantum computers can process and analyze vast datasets swiftly and can send machine learning models to the stratosphere. This will lead to more accurate predictions and insights.

Navigating Quantum Challenges

The dream of a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer is still just a dream for now, due to certain technical hurdles.

The first is maintaining the quantum state of qubits over extended durations. The term for this is ‘quantum coherence’, and it is not an easy task. External disturbances such as cosmic rays or nearby electronic devices can disrupt its state and prevent long computations.

Of course, one must also ponder about scalability. Scaling from a few qubits to thousands or even millions which are needed for more complex tasks will need further innovations in quantum error correction (and system architecture for that matter).

For now, computer scientists have gotten around this by using extremely low temperatures to maintain qubit stability, but this is not something companies or organizations without vast resources can accomplish.

Another aspect to consider is the software ecosystem. quantum computers will need their own kind of software, along with unique programming languages and tools. This will take years and possibly decades of collaboration between physicists, computer scientists, and industry stakeholders before a barebones system is achieved. QApplications in Diverse Domains

quantum computing is going to massively change many sectors. That said, some stand to benefit sooner than the rest:

  • Financial Modeling: The financial sector is an obvious winner when it comes to having more computing power -- the sector is already using AI to its advantage. quantum algorithms will allow traders and analysts to evaluate vast numbers of scenarios extremely quickly, giving those companies with quantum machines an extraordinary advantage.
  • Climate Modeling: Predicting the Earth’s climate involves accounting for a ton of variables and how they interact with each other. quantum computers will allow more accurate climate models and better insights into climate change which will hopefully help us develop better strategies for mitigating it.
  • Logistics and Supply Chain: Efficient solutions to the traveling salesman problem -- a challenge that involves finding the shortest possible route through multiple cities -- could revolutionize logistics, saving time and reducing costs for businesses worldwide.

The Interplay Between Quantum and Classical Systems

While you may think that quantum computers will eventually replace classical computers, the truth is the future more likely has them together in a symbiotic relationship. This is because quantum machines will be used for tasks they’re better at, namely more advanced computational needs, while classical computers will be kept for more routine tasks and for user interfaces. An example of this already exists in cloud-based quantum computing platforms -- where users can send a certain task to a quantum machine and receive the result through their own classical machine.

Looking Towards the Quantum Future

The next decade promises a slew of breakthroughs. Today’s quantum computers are being compared to the classical computers of the 1950s, which is probably accurate considering they’re still in their nascent stage of development and haven’t even begun realizing their full potential.

quantum computing promises an increase in computation power for sure, but it offers much more than that. It promises a massive shift across many industries -- from healthcare to finance, energy and transportation. We live in exciting times as we stand on the precipice of a new era in technology, one that previously only belonged to the pages of science fiction.

Image credit: plotplot/Shutterstock

Lee Li is a project manager and B2B copywriter with a decade of experience in the Chinese fintech startup space as a PM for TaoBao, MeitTuan, and DouYin (now TikTok).

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