Ancient Egyptians held cats in extraordinary esteem, venerating them as sacred and even deified beings within their society.

Cats were worshiped and regarded as sacred animals, reflecting their central place in religion and daily life.

Their spiritual stature was embodied in the goddess Bastet (also called Bast), often depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat’s head, who symbolized protection, guardianship, and spirituality.

Over time Bastet evolved from a war goddess into a guardian of the household associated with pregnancy, childbirth, family warmth, and joy, further entwining cats with domestic well‑being.

In Egyptian belief cats defended homes and families and warded off evil spirits and unfavorable energies, deepening their role as protective companions.

Egyptians also valued cats for practical reasons, notably their skill at exterminating rodents and safeguarding grain stores vital to the economy.

Cats were nicknamed “sunny eye” for their ability to see in the dark, a trait that added to their mystique.

Myths and sayings credited cats with extraordinary vitality, including beliefs that they had multiple souls and “seven lives,” surviving deadly accidents and losing a soul each time.

The divine status of cats was reinforced by the broader idea that gods could appear in animal forms, making cats living reflections of the sacred.

Bast was described as a daughter of the sun god Ra, underscoring cats’ link to the divine order.

In symbolism cats represented well‑being, joy, love, and fertility, weaving them into ideals of a harmonious household.

This reverence materialized in elaborate cults and rituals, including the mummification of cats to ensure their eternal life alongside humans in the afterlife.

Archaeology corroborates this importance, with discoveries at Saqqara of cat mummies, wooden cat statues, and thousands of amulets linked to Bastet and animal mummification workshops.

Animal burials across Egyptian necropoles, including sites like Qubbet el‑Hawa, further demonstrate the ritual status of creatures such as cats.

Pet cemeteries in Egypt, such as the Berenice site with hundreds of cat tombs furnished with toys and pottery, illustrate the affection and resources devoted to feline companions.

Many modern retellings mention eyebrow‑shaving as a mourning practice for a deceased family cat, but the documents available here provide no direct primary evidence or explanation for this custom.

Several sources explicitly note that the search corpus lacks concrete records linking eyebrow‑shaving to cat mourning, leaving the rationale unconfirmed in these materials.

Even without a clear record of that specific rite, the spiritual bond is evident in the sanctification, protection motifs, and funerary treatment accorded to cats in ancient Egypt.

Ancient Egyptians held cats in extraordinary esteem, venerating them as sacred and even deified beings within their society.

Title:

Content: Expert felinologist exposed the popular myths about cats
March 1 is Cat Day in Russia.
The first day of March was chosen not by chance - because it is in this month that the cat hymns to spring and love sound loudest, straight-forward and demanding.
And let snow pour from the sky mixed with rain, let ice tiny under fluffy paws, let the gusts of the young spring and violent wind almost blow off the roof - mustachioed Lovelaces do not confuse the harsh scenery.
And free street robbers, and home "masics", who have escaped the famous surgical procedure, all the way to the world around the onset of spring madness.
Well, on the eve of Cat Day, we met with expert felinologist Maria Vershinina - she knows everything about these amazing animals.
– Maria, felinologist – profession or hobby?
- In general, felinology is a section of zoology that studies the anatomy and physiology of domestic cats, as well as their breeds, especially their selection, breeding and maintenance.
Judging by the amount of work invested and time spent, this is undoubtedly a profession.
Club leaders, experts who act as judges at exhibitions, should not only have extensive knowledge in the field of felinology, but also support them with relevant documents - licenses, certificates and other paperwork.
And for this it is necessary to undergo training, more often – abroad, which costs a lot of money.
But to live on the fees of the expert of the breed is impossible.
Paying for refereeing is just a nice bonus.
We all have professions that give the main income, so in the sense of money, felinology is a hobby, and expensive.
For example, I work in real estate.
Cats are for the soul.
Cats are credited with supernatural abilities, they often act as characters in various mystical stories.
Have you ever seen anything like that?
– Look, it is better to ask such questions to the participants of the “Battle of psychics ” – it is their cats who see ghosts, travel on parallel worlds and cure oncology.
I communicate with cats all my life, professionally - since 1988, when the first club of cat lovers "Kotofey" was created in our glorious city of Leningrad.
And with all confidence I can say - these are cute, charming, sometimes wayward and independent, sometimes naughty and naughty - but just pets.
And no mysticism.
I remember back in Soviet times in the journal "Science and Life" published a series of articles about the incredible abilities of ordinary domestic cats.
It was generally proposed to consider them agents of extraterrestrial civilization, sent to us from Sirius, on the simple grounds that the extremely wise ancient Egyptians deified them.
And in India, a cow is still considered sacred, but few people think of attributing it to the cosmos.
A lot of nonsense is written about cats - and they foresee death, and they keep the connection with the "subtle world", and the house is protected from any misfortune...
All right, in the dense Middle Ages such stories flourished – by the way, then cats, especially black ones, were not welcomed, considering them to be accomplices of Satan – so no, in our enlightened age all sorts of fables are composed.
In general, the desire of the cat owner to endow his pet with some superpowers is understandable, but practice shows that the domestic cat is an ordinary cute animal, more or less attached to the owner.
I had a friend who was convinced that her Marquis “saw ” some otherworldly entity that had settled in the house.
Indeed, we all often notice how sometimes cats freeze and seem to see off something invisible.
The explanation is simple: their vibrations are whiskers, in other words, they catch the slightest movement of air currents.
Here, say, the wind blew into the window open in the kitchen, the air came into motion, and the ancient hunting instinct makes the cat closely monitor this process.
By the way, another myth that cats see in the dark is debunked “on the count of times. ”
They see no more than ours, but they are perfectly oriented with the help of all the same vibrissi - this is their main organ of touch.
By the way, touching stories that a cat will always find its way home, take it away from home at least five hundred kilometers, also from the field of folk myth-making.
I know of a hundred cases when these guys, for example, taken with them to visit a neighboring village or “on the nature ” and escaped from their owners, never returned themselves – they searched for them all over the world and did not always find them.
And nine cat lives is also a strong exaggeration.
Cats, like humans, suffer from toothache, kidney and liver disease, eventually losing vision and hearing.
And their life is one, fragile and not very long compared to human.
– There is an opinion that “cats cure ”, help to get rid of the disease.
Or is it also a myth?
– I communicate very closely with the owners of various cat breeds, and many argue that their pets have incredible healing powers.
Alas, there are no scientific data confirming the medicinal abilities of baleen - striped - I have shoveled a mountain of serious literature on this topic.
And here is how interesting it turns out - there is no data, but the therapeutic effect is present!
But in fact, everything is simple - we, communicating with cats, experience a lot of positive emotions, in addition, these cute creatures are associated with us with comfort and peace.
Therefore, people next to cats relax, they normalize the work of the whole body.
From the ineradicable human belief that “cats cure ”, there was such a phenomenon as felinotherapy.
Well, there is dolphin therapy, there is hippotherapy - this is when patients ride horses, there is canistherapy - when they are "treated" by communicating with dogs, and then cats also took care of human health.
There ’ s nothing wrong with this – I read that it seems in the US that therapists who have worked with mentally retarded children have found that cats are very beneficial to people with various mental illnesses, brain damage, and even promote the healing of addicts to alcohol and drugs.
The cat, in fact, does not do anything unusual, it simply swallows to the patient, lies on the chest, makes its cat "massage", slightly releasing the claws.
Her warmth, soothing rumbling allow the patient to calm down - and anxiety, nervousness recede.
And then, you need to know that the body temperature of these animals is somewhere 38-39 degrees, and in such a breed as the sphinx - and all 42, so if this "heating pad" lies, say, on the area of   the inflamed joint, then, indeed, temporary relief may come.
But seriously count on a cure for the disease by applying cats to sick places is not worth it.
I came across articles where the authors directly indicated the “specialization ” of kotekas depending on gender, length of wool and breed – the British type“ from the heart ”, short-haired “girls ” – from female diseases, and male cats – from sciatica.
Delusions and ignorance.
- All right, cat therapy's been sorted out.
But what breeds are currently considered the most popular, the most popular?
- The most popular at all times was and remains a "real nobleman" - a cat of the yard breed, which does not have any documents.
Do you remember Matroskin? - Ears, paws, tail - these are my documents...
By the way, now more and more often there are exhibitions of mongrel cats, and everything is serious there - the general condition, grooming and beauty of the coat are evaluated, for patterned cats - the "readability" of strips and spots, the harmony of the composition and much more.
If we talk about really fashionable breeds today, then the Maine Coons are leading here - for Russia this is no longer a new and very popular breed.
Huge size and semi-wild appearance, but at the same time - sociable and good-natured.
British shorthair and Russian blue breeds are still in demand - plush tenderness, round, always surprised eyes - the charm itself.
Also very popular are Scottish Fold cats, cats of Burmese and Abyssinian breed, Neva masquerade, and, of course, the Persians - these are out of fashion, love for all times.
As for naked cats - St. Petersburg, Don and Canadian sphinxes, Peterbalds, elves, bambinos and cohons, everything is not easy here.
They are either adored or not accepted at all.
Wanting to get some unusual, “cool ” animal, a person takes such a kitten into the house, but often can not come to terms with its appearance and some features.
However, people appreciate their resemblance to alien beings, their playfulness, tenderness, friendliness.
These cats have almost no smell, and the lack of wool makes it incredibly easy to care for.
– There is an opinion that there are breeds of “evil ” and“ good ” – is it true?
- No, it's a delusion.
It all depends on the upbringing and attitude to the animal.
Growing up in love and affection, the cat is calm and serene, it does not show aggression, and the breed does not play any role here.
I have a friend for some time fed a stray cat on the stairwell - not alone, other neighbors - too.
And then one day at the place where food was usually left, she saw an ad - "Do not put the bowls, the cat is no longer here.
We took him home to love him. ”
I was crying when I heard this story.
It is necessary to take an animal into the house with the sole purpose - to love, otherwise it is not necessary to start all this "cotovasiya".
Svetlana ZAVADSKAYA

Title:

Content: The mummy of a pet: why and why did the ancient Egyptians do this?
1: 43
The Egyptians showed special respect for their pets, their love was so great that they wanted these animals to have eternal life.
After death, pets were mummified and went through a complex burial process.
In ancient Egyptian worldview, four-legged and feathered creatures were considered sacred, divine and influencing their destinies.
They occupied an honorable place in the pantheon, and the gods were often depicted with animal heads.
Mummification was an integral part of this religious practice, emphasizing the special status of these creatures in the eyes of the Egyptians.
The Egyptians mummified various animals, believing that their gods could take different forms.
For example, the goddess Bast, the daughter of Ra, was depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat ’ s head.
This goddess symbolized well-being, joy, love and fertility.
The Egyptians especially revered cats for their ability to exterminate rodents, which was critical for preserving grain stocks, then considered valuable as gold.
Cats have also earned the nickname “sunny eye ” due to their ability to see in the dark.
This property made them important symbols in Egyptian mythology.
Archaeological studies conducted at the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa have uncovered the burial of crocodiles, one of which has been preserved in the form of a practically whole mummy, providing a unique look at the ancient rites and veneration of animals in this culture.
Author Petr Deryabin
Petr Deryabin – journalist, correspondent of Pravda.Ru news service

Cats were worshiped and regarded as sacred animals, reflecting their central place in religion and daily life.

Title:

Content: Advertisement
NEWS
March 28 is Cat Respect Day.
The best reason to look at their photos (with respect!)
Today at 18: 23
History confirms that the love of mankind for cats has lasted for exactly more than four thousand years - this is one of the few animals worshiped in ancient Egypt.
And some of the goddesses, the most famous of which is Bastet, were even depicted with a cat's head.
In the Middle Ages, King Richard II of England issued a decree prohibiting the use of cats in food.
Some historians believe that this happened on March 28, 1384 - this is how the Day of Respect for Cats was born.
How can you celebrate this day with your pet?
• Spend time with her or him: caress, lie down next to him, play.
It seems obvious, but sometimes work and other things make you forget about literally everything in the world.
• Buy a new toy or delicacy - here even comments are not needed, this can definitely please the four-legged.
Perhaps you have not visited a veterinarian for a long time, and this holiday will serve as a reminder to show care of this kind.
After all, even if the pet seems healthy, it should be regularly shown to a specialist.
Twitter shares photos of their favorites
@ memesmymemes suggested that other users throw their cats and cats into the replays — but, of course, “do it with respect. ”
Commentators share frames of pets, and judging by the faces of many, it is better not to even approach them without respect.
“Go get me the fish, slave! ” – represents the speech of his furry companion @ purplenkii.
Read also
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Content: The world 's first Shanghai Museum to hold the first exhibition with cats
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SHANGHAI (Reuters) - The People's Square Pavilion of the Shanghai Museum held its first exhibition with pet cats on Saturday (July 27), and 200 pet cats entered the museum that night under the leadership of their owners, setting a precedent for comprehensive museums in the world, reflecting the strong demand for Chinese people to travel with pets.
Comprehensive surging news network, Oriental network and other reports, with the top of the pyramid: ancient Egyptian civilization exhibition held, the Shanghai Museum since Saturday regularly launched a total of 10 museum strange night activities, inviting visitors to bring pet cats to watch the exhibition.
After the event tickets went on sale, the first 200 tickets sold out in one second, and all tickets for a total of 10 events sold out in one hour.
Many members of the public with pet cats arrived at the Shanghai Museum at 5: 30 p.m. on Saturday to wait in line, and the kittens in attendance attracted many passersby to stop and take photos.
Many relics on display are related to cats, including cat mummies.
In ancient Egypt, the cat god Bastet was regarded as a symbol of guardianship and spirituality; the ancient Egyptians worshiped the cat god, which coincided with the current people's love for "meow".
According to reports, pet visitors must go to the regular pet hospital in advance to issue a cat immunization certificate and present it when entering the museum.
Only certain areas in the museum exhibition hall allow pet cats to be photographed, but they must use their own traction rope and chest back; other areas need to be placed in their own cat bags and cat carts.
The event also invites pet doctors, pet emergency vehicles, pet management teams and other on-site personnel to deal with emergency situations.
Staff at the museum also receive professional training on pet cats.
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1 million pet dogs and more than 1.2 million pet cats in Shanghai.
As more and more pets enter the public space, many public places have successively joined the ranks of pet friendliness, and higher requirements have been put forward for fine urban management.
Chu Xiaobo, director of the Shanghai Museum, said that the demand for pet owners to travel with pets is strong, and on the premise of ensuring safety and order, it is hoped that the museum can be opened in different ways to allow the audience to have a more diverse experience.
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Content: As before, cats were used to ward off evil spirits: try it yourself
Where did the idea that cats ward off evil spirits come from?
1: 39
Since ancient times, cats have been famous for their mystery and special abilities.
In the world of folklore and legends, they often act as protectors against evil spirits and evil forces.
In antiquity and the Middle Ages it was believed that cats have a special sacred gift that helps them protect their homes and their owners from unfavorable energies.
In Egyptian mythology, cats were considered sacred animals associated with the goddess Bastet.
They were depicted as defenders of the home, as well as patrons of the family.
In medieval Europe, cats were often associated with magic and witchcraft, leading to their persecution during the Inquisition.
However, among the peoples of Scandinavia and Great Britain, cats were often seen as a symbol of protection from evil spirits.
In Scandinavian mythology, cats were considered companions of warriors and guides of souls of the dead on Asgard.
They were also supposed to be able to see hidden worlds and predict the future.
In the English folklore tradition, the black cat was considered a symbol of good luck and protection from evil spirits.
In medieval England, it was even believed that the owners of black cats have a special charm and protection from misfortune.
In Scotland, it was believed that if a black cat visits a house, it brings good luck and well-being to the family.
Traditions and legends about the protective power of cats are preserved in the modern world.
Many people still consider their furry friends not only faithful companions, but also mystical guardians, able to scare away evil spirits and bring harmony to the house.
Author Ilya Panferov
Ilya Panferov — freelance correspondent of Pravda.Ru

Their spiritual stature was embodied in the goddess Bastet (also called Bast), often depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat’s head, who symbolized protection, guardianship, and spirituality.

Title:

Content: The cat becomes the goddess Baxter! 2 Meow to look: Are you also suffering?
Editorial Center / General Report
2022-09-02 13: 35: 40
In Egyptian mythology, Bastet is the goddess of the head of the cat, also known as the goddess of the cat, the goddess of pregnancy and childbirth, who was once a goddess of war, and slowly transformed into the guardian of the family, symbolizing the warmth and joy of the family.
And the Japanese master uses "simple one thing", so that their two black cats into the goddess Bastet, they look at each other high and low, as if to comfort each other: "It seems that you can not escape the master's claws ah ~".
This is an advertisement, please continue reading.
On the 1st, the Lord posted a message saying that he put a fruit net on his cat ’ s head to make it look noble and cute, and his wife laughed and said that he was like the Egyptian goddess Bastet. Soon after he ate the marrow and made another cat change, and two black cats forced to become goddesses, one standing on a higher cupboard, with the door as the center. They look down at each other, and they look at each other with a thousand words in their eyes.
Netizens reply "My cat also has imitation haha", "round eyes are so cute", "Sorry, I did the same thing to my parents' cat" XDD "," My dog has been played by my wife before, but it looks good (laughs) ".
(Editor: Li Huiting)
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Title:

Content: Experts told where the expression “the cat cried ” came from
2022-11-12 13: 53
Language is unthinkable without phraseology.
Surely many of us have heard the expression “horse in apples ”,“ dog in the hay ”, “stupid as a goose ”.
The origin of the expression is easy to understand: cats were tamed thousands of years ago and lived next to people even more than other livestock.
The cat could also personify the gods: in Egypt, the goddess Bastet had the head of a cat, and in the Slavs, the god Veles could take the form of a cat.
Cats were always kept close to home, like mousetraps and amulets: the cat, according to legend, could negotiate with the spirits living in the places where they built a dwelling.
This is how the tradition of launching a cat first on a housewarming party was born.
From there, perhaps, and so close attention to these animals.
Of course, no one has ever seen tears in the eyes of cats.
Abundant secretion of eye fluid occurs only when the animal is sick.
At the same time, a similar phenomenon in cats is observed hardly more often than in other domestic animals, and why it was the cat who was honored to “cry ” about an acute deficiency, one can only guess.
However, there is another version, quite exotic.
It is associated with the so-called “difficulties of translation ”.
Here is a direct analogy with the "Jolly Roger", which was born as a result of the hearing of the English.
Perhaps the same was true of the Slavs.
In Arabic, there is the expression “qat nailaq, ” which literally means“ not enough money. ”
Probably, the Eastern peoples, which sharply ran out of the source of material goods, compared themselves with weeping animals.
This was as unthinkable as a sharp decline in income.
However, this version was not widely distributed.
Nevertheless, she has a right to life, especially since the crying cat and "kat nailak" have approximately the same meaning.
With the only difference that a crying cat symbolizes the lack of not only money, but also other things.
Posted by: Angelina Krent

Title:

Content: Cat Cold Knowledge ｜ 4 Mysterious Legends of Black Cats Are Black Cats a Symbol of Good Luck or Bad Luck?
Author: Wang Meow Planet
Published: Updated:
Black cats are a symbol of bad luck.
If you have an IG, follow us!
Take a look at the mysterious legends of the four black cats!
▼ ▼ ▼ The Mysterious Legend of the Black Cat ▼ ▼
+ 13
Are black cats really cute?
The black cat looks very mysterious, in fact, super caring and loving, like to stay close to the slave.
A black cat is a tiger cat.
Tiger spotted is a characteristic of cats, not a breed, and can be called a tiger spotted cat with stripes and markings.
Look and see ~ Black cats are not necessarily all black, and some of their hair is brown in the sun!
Black cats are a symbol of auspiciousness in Japan!
Peach Blossom: Single women with black cats can make love smoother!
Black cats are the most powerful.
Black cats are different everywhere.
Taiwan: Unlucky
The older generation thought that the black cat with white feet would jump over the body and the body would rise.
China: Escape from Evil Town
The house is haunted, and black cats are invited to walk around the house to help ward off evil spirits.
Ancient Egypt: The Protector of the Black Cat
The ancient Egyptian goddess "Bast" is a cat's head, and at night will be transformed into a black cat to protect the human body and drive away the evil spirit.
Italy: Death is near.
Legend has it that if a black cat is seen lying on a patient ’ s bed, it means death is near.
Although there are many mysterious legends about black cats, they are actually very cute and close to people!
Further reading: The cat immediately meows after defecating is to invite the cat owner to enjoy it?
5 reasons behind it.
+ 16
[This article is reproduced with permission from Wang Meow Planet.]
You may be interested

Over time Bastet evolved from a war goddess into a guardian of the household associated with pregnancy, childbirth, family warmth, and joy, further entwining cats with domestic well‑being.

In Egyptian belief cats defended homes and families and warded off evil spirits and unfavorable energies, deepening their role as protective companions.

Egyptians also valued cats for practical reasons, notably their skill at exterminating rodents and safeguarding grain stores vital to the economy.

Cats were nicknamed “sunny eye” for their ability to see in the dark, a trait that added to their mystique.

Myths and sayings credited cats with extraordinary vitality, including beliefs that they had multiple souls and “seven lives,” surviving deadly accidents and losing a soul each time.

Title:

Content: On the occasion of the establishment of the Iraqi Air Force...
An Iraqi eagle with seven lives.
A perfect understanding.
2023-04-22T11: 55: 00.000000Z
The brave Iraqi army, especially its brilliant pilots, are celebrating these days the 92nd anniversary of the founding of their heroic air force, protector of the clear sky of Iraq, the shield of its land, and the watchful eye of its borders.On this occasion, dear to the heart of every Iraqi citizen patriotic and jealous of his country, and from its history full of heroism, and achievements witnessed by brothers and friends. As part of the travel of this ancient institution, here is one of the stories of one of the brave vultures of the air, strange and funny in its timing, took place during the 1970s of the last century and deserved to be called a distinction (an Iraqi eagle with seven lives) and we write the details below in full honesty:
The cat is usually described as having seven lives, and anyone who has survived a certain death multiple times is referred to as (like a cat with seven lives...!) .This common and circulating proverb leads us to wonder in its meaning: Will cats come back to life if they are weaned seven times...?! What is the good reason for this saying or this myth and why cats in particular...?
The ancient pharaohs believed that a cat has more than one soul, and that it is able to survive various accidents, and whenever it survives a fatal accident, one of its seven souls is lost.
Or does man have a second spirit, as the Pharaohs believe, and man by his nature chooses what he wants and when he wants, but in the end he is guided by the destinies of God, who does not want to return to his will and glory?
As an example of what we have mentioned, the Russian monk Rasputin had a spiritual power to heal, and also a miraculous power to survive the poison of cyanide, the bullets of pistols, and the chains of iron, until he drowned and died after a great effort.
Our modern military history reminds us of real evidence and facts stranger than fiction.
A glaring example of this is what happened to the English officer Adrian Carton de Weyart, who participated in the Boer War in Africa in 1899 and then World War I and World War II.
From these wars he received plagues and misfortunes, unless any of his colleagues received them.
He was shot in the leg, then in the chest and abdomen, lost his ear, and a bullet pierced his head and came out without damage, and was injured by multiple fragments of his body until his left hand was amputated, and one of his eyes was taken out, and his plane fell in the open sea near Egypt, but he survived until he reached the coast swimming, and was imprisoned for two years in captivity camps.
Churchill sent him with a delegation to China as the official representative of Britain, but his plane fell into the sea and all the passengers died except him.
He died of natural causes in 1963 at the age of 83, and received high honors and honors during his long service, which are awarded only for valor in the face of the enemy.
He published a book called "Happy Odyssey" in which he said, "Frankly...
I enjoyed the war...!) and such stories, paradoxes and destinies applied relatively to a young Iraqi pilot officer who recently graduated, did what every pilot does during his first hours of flight in military aircraft with a fixed or mobile wing, but what differed from them was exposed to unfortunate and even fatal accidents that are not enviable.
Anyone who hears their scenarios and details does not conclude in his imagination that this pilot has inevitably died of these accidents, but the will of God is the greatest and His providence is the strongest of all calamities and tribulations.
Iraqi pilot Mohammed Tarek Sayed Hamid, a recent graduate of the Air Force College in 1970, specialized in piloting the Mi-21, a supersonic combat aircraft that was at the time one of the most modern and sophisticated military aircraft in the world.
The pilot Tarek, who was at the beginning of his aerial climb, faced three major air crashes.
He was then in the flower of his youth and the beginning of his life as a military pilot dreaming of flying his wing and proud to defend his country and boasting when he penetrated the sky leaving behind the people of the ground.The first incident happened to him when he was flying his Mi-21 PFM, in a (training) flight on July 16, 1972, which is the day and the date that can not be forgotten in his life as a lieutenant pilot.
In that flight, he was the target of the training and the other pilot was the target.
During the intersection, as he approached the target aircraft, a problem occurred in the aircraft, where the engine rotation (RPM) slowed to the lowest degree of rotation (Idle Run), which is at an altitude of 5,500 m.
The pilot Tarek, was converting the altitude to his speed in order to be able to control the aircraft trying effort to reach the base, and the commander of the squadron was also in the air with a double plane asked him about his height and location and told him now at a height of 4 thousand meters, and in the case of gradual decline.
He replied to the command of the squadron: When you reach a height of two thousand meters and the engine of the aircraft did not respond, you have to prepare to throw yourself out of the plane! The plane reached an altitude of 1800 m and told his order so the commander said: Eject now from the plane...!
But the pilot Tarek did not eject, contrary to the order issued to him, and this was a big mistake from him believing that he would reach the runway in the final landing area.
The plane reached an altitude of 300 meters, until the wheels came down from the belly of the plane and the plane fell at frightening speed towards the ground and perpendicular.
Here the pilot decided to press the lever of the ejection chair to go out before the plane crashed into the ground and exploded, to land the parachute in a confused position and his contact with the ground was shocking, and the wind speed at the time 20 m / s, fell to the ground strongly and the parachute took him and dragged him 150 m on the ground until he managed to control and freedom after he was injured and multiple bruises in his body and glided His skin.
He was immediately taken by ambulance to Habbaniya Military Hospital and stayed there for four days for treatment and treatment.
He was then granted sick leave for 21 days, which was a beautiful occasion and a golden opportunity to get married and enjoy sick leave in appearance, but honey in reality, and this is the will of God that saved the pilot Tariq, from the cage of death to enter the golden cage after bad luck...!
* * *
The second incident occurred on 26 / 1 / 1975, less than three years after the first incident and in the same model as the previous Mic 21 aircraft but double cabin and pilot Mohamed Tarek had been raised at the time to the rank of first lieutenant. That day, within the normal flight curriculum, he had an air combat sortie called (one against one). The aircraft is requesting to send two officers to inspect the MIK-21, a dual aircraft after its engine was replaced by a new one.
The commander of the squadron decided to go to the laboratory to conduct the examination himself, accompanied by the first lieutenant pilot Mohammed Tariq, and postpone his combat training flight to another time, and this is another luck that knocked his doors.
And the worst of bad luck is to be content with it.
The two officers picked up the plane from the aircraft parking lot and the squadron command sat in the front cockpit while the pilot, Mohamed Tariq, sat in the rear cockpit to monitor the meters.
The plane was turned on, and its meter pointer started operating normally on the ground.
Then the plane took off until it reached an altitude of 5 thousand meters, and the pilot began to make a rotation of the plane and some vertical maneuvers and aerial games and then climbed to an altitude of 11,000 meters and the plane broke the sound barrier.
Upon landing and returning to the airport and reaching an altitude of 6,000 meters, pilot Tarek heard an unusual bang followed by a few seconds when the engine was turned off.
He tried to start it a second and a third time, but the engine did not respond, and the red oil pressure light glowed to indicate that the engine had stopped completely and was damaged, and then the light of burning, that is, the engine was hit by fire inside, so the pilot in the front cabin tried to extinguish, but his efforts failed and they are at this high altitude between the sky and the ground...!
In these critical moments, between death and life, the pilot made the decisive decision to throw their chairs up and let the plane fall to the ground with a lifeless, flammable mass, which is about 1,800 meters high.
In the meantime, the pilot Tarek, who is in the air what is known as temporary fainting, which lasts for a few seconds, woke up from his fainting after and found himself in the sky suspended under his umbrella and his colleague also suspended, and he falls with him to the ground, so he thanked God for his survival and mourned his luck on this difficult task, but luck sometimes supports the brave...!
While he was approaching the ground, the pilot saw Tarek, a helicopter approaching him, and he was suspicious and afraid that the pilot of this helicopter did not see him and the possibility of hitting the fan of the plane or cutting the ropes of the parachute, and this is another fatal situation and the same as the case of those who run from the rain comes cold...!
However, it turned out that the helicopter was in the air at the moment of the failure of the fighter plane and picked up a distress call by radio and went to rescue the pilots. The area where the pilots were supposed to land is the areas adjacent to the Diyala River and was in a flood at the time, so that the water covered all the lands adjacent to the river. The helicopter immediately transferred them to Al-Rashid Military Hospital and took them to the X-rays, which showed that the pilot Tareq, broke a refractory in the seventh and twelfth vertebrae of his spine and pain in his back remained with him until today, but most importantly, God saved his soul again and gave him a new life, after playing the carving. It ’ s a bad turn again!
* * *
The third incident occurred this time with a helicopter, not a fighter jet.
As is well known, the consequences of the crash of such aircraft almost inevitable death of the crew and their survival rate is very small because they do not contain an emergency landing parachute or other safety precautions.
Luck seems to come to those who don ’ t.
Fate withdrew him to go to the air base in his military uniform to receive his monthly salary.
After receiving his salary, he went to the site of Air Control for Peace on his fellow pilots and technicians.
As he sat next to them, he noticed a beam from the CRDF device showing the direction of the plane and the connection to the airport.
In the air at the time was a formation of four aircraft, three of which began to land and the fourth disappeared from the radar device.In the meantime, the commander of the air base entered the control room to see the situation and was briefed, and here the pilot Tariq, alerted him about the signal in the CRDF device, asked the commander of the base Do you know the area well?
He answered in the affirmative and the commander said to him: Then go to the helicopter that is ready to fly now with its pilot and take with you a medical rescue crew and go to the area to find them...!
But the pilot Tarek, did not tell his commander at that moment, that he is officially licensed and confirmed in the daily orders, and this means a military violation, whether by the commander or the pilot himself!
The pilot Tarek, in his personal car, went to the parking lot and found the plane ready to take off with its crew and minutes later the plane took off and sat the pilot Tarek, between the pilots who pilot the plane and directed them to the area that appeared on the CRDF screen, and actually they reached the area and the plane was seen crouching on the ground and there are clear traces of the plane to the ground for about 100 meters Inside, he was martyred as first lieutenant pilot Imad Abdul Wahid.
The pilot of the search plane was close to the martyr pilot, and when he was sure that he suffered a psychological shock made him absent-minded unable to act and can not continue to drive the plane, the plane fell from a height of twenty meters, and could not even the second pilot of control the plane crashed into the ground strongly and rolled four times and took off the side door and began to flow fuel from the reserve tank Tariq and his fellow pilots Get them whipped just in time before the plane burns.
A few days later a rescue plane came to take them to Al-Rasheed Military Hospital to conduct routine medical tests on them, and the pilot Tarek, had broken his finger and dangled from his place, in contrast, the X-ray results of his vertebrae sliding originally in an earlier accident, returned to normal was a strange paradox for the doctor, as was foreshadowed two days after happy news that he had a new child Hey, Sally...
He entertained and forgot the bitterness of this incident and blessed himself for a new life free from its missteps and evil.
* * *
These fatal incidents did not dissuade Tarek, and did not demoralize him, but continued to challenge combat and operational aviation and his natural love for them with his fellow pilots in the air bases throughout the years that followed.
When the sounds of the war drums between Iraq and Iran began to be heard, and with it began the Iranian violations and provocative attacks against the cities and towns of Iraq on September 4, 1980, and with the increase of the combat readiness of the air force in all bases, reconnaissance aircraft, including the pilot Mohammed Tariq, began to roam the skies of Iraq in a reconnaissance and photographic mission massing the Iranian ground units along the eastern border of Iraq until September 22, 1980. A total war on land, air and sea between the two countries was ignited to last eight lean years in which Iraq lost thousands of its sons, including irreplaceable qualified pilots, priceless fighter planes and great material losses. Thus, the life of Mohammed Tariq, as a military pilot, graduated in its course and rose positions naturally and obtained a master ’ s degree from the Faculty of Staff in 1980 / cycle 46, and worked as a teacher at the University. Al-Bakr for Military Studies, until he retired in 1992, after a distinguished service in the Iraqi army for almost a quarter of a century, in which he tasted bitter and sweet, during which he traveled thousands of kilometers and spent hundreds of hours, flying in the sky of the homeland, and the divine care saved him from certain death many times during his service in peace and war, to rest forever on the ground among his family and children. From there he began to prepare and write his memoirs so that his heroic saga with his other colleagues would remain a beacon for the young pilots and lessons learned in life and survival, victory and victory against the enemies of the homeland.
As his predecessor, the English officer Adrian, said, the pilot Tarek will write in his memoirs: "Frankly...
I enjoyed flying...
And no soul knows what it earns tomorrow, and no soul knows which land it will die; surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Knowing.
Shafaq Live
Shafaq Live

The divine status of cats was reinforced by the broader idea that gods could appear in animal forms, making cats living reflections of the sacred.

Bast was described as a daughter of the sun god Ra, underscoring cats’ link to the divine order.

In symbolism cats represented well‑being, joy, love, and fertility, weaving them into ideals of a harmonious household.

This reverence materialized in elaborate cults and rituals, including the mummification of cats to ensure their eternal life alongside humans in the afterlife.

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Australian report: How ancient Egyptians treated their dead reveals how much they loved life
An Australian report praised the archaeological discovery of Saqqara to find a mummy wrapped in gold foil, stressing that: The way the ancient Egyptians dealt with their dead reveals how much they love life and the sincere hope of continued existence after death.
In January 2023, a group of archaeologists excavating tombs at the ancient Saqqara cemetery, near Cairo, discovered the mummified remains of a man called Hakaships, who lived around 2300 BC, and found inside a limestone coffin in the burial shaft, the body and casings unusually well preserved for the period.
In the 5th century BC, the Greek historian Herodotus of Halicarnassus described the elaborate way in which the Egyptians kept their dead: the brain was removed through the nostrils with a hook, while the internal organs were removed through a wound in the abdomen.
The wound is then sutured and the body is rinsed with wine and spices, the body is left to dry in a solution of natron (a substance harvested from dry lake bottoms and used to absorb moisture) for up to 70 days, after which time it is carefully wrapped with linen bandages and finally placed inside a coffin.
By the time Herodotus wrote this, the Egyptians had been practicing mummification for more than two thousand years, gradually perfecting the technique through experimentation.
The pre-dynastic mummies of the 4th millennium BC were so well preserved by dry desert sands — without human intervention — that their tattoos are still visible.
Why did the ancient Egyptians mummify their dead?
The Egyptians long noticed that bodies buried in graves without direct contact with dry sand tended to decompose and sought to prevent it for religious reasons, and without a physical body to which it could return, they believed that the essence of the soul could not participate in the offerings of food brought to the cemetery and were instead left to wander into the world of the living as a harmful spirit.
Mummification techniques were developed in order to preserve the body in order, as the first methods, which appeared no later than the time of the unification of the state around 3100 BC, included wrapping the body with linen dressings moistened with resin.
However, when the intestines are left in place, the body eventually decomposes.

Archaeology corroborates this importance, with discoveries at Saqqara of cat mummies, wooden cat statues, and thousands of amulets linked to Bastet and animal mummification workshops.

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Why do archaeologists expect Saqqara to reveal another history of ancient Egypt?
Saqqara is a region rich in antiquities, as the cemetery of the city of Memphis, the first capital of Egypt, and is currently the center of the Badrasheen Governorate of Giza, Saqqara derives its name from the "Suker" of the Dead.
The ancient Egyptians had buried kings since the first dynasty there, and Saqqara area was dedicated to the burial of the pharaohs of Egypt in that first era, and despite the transfer of the capital of Egypt to Fayoum and then to Thebes and then Sharqiya, more than 22 times, the area of Saqqara and the area of Memphis remained of great importance due to its location and the keenness of all kings and all individuals to have a.
Archaeologist Magdi Shaker explained that the reason for the name of the coward "Popastine" by this name relative to the idol "Bastet" meaning cat, pointing out that the Egyptians in Upper Egypt call the word "dress" on the cat until today.
He pointed to the control of foreigners on the Egyptology flag for a long time, praising the role of the "Egyptian Mission", which has been operating since 2018 in the Saqqara region.
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He added that a cemetery from the Fifth Dynasty was discovered in 2018, and seven other tombs, some from the old state and some from the modern state.
He added that in 2019 the mission discovered a cache of sacred animals, including the idol "cat", and thousands of amulets from "Vines", a material that was used in the manufacture of various amulets.
He added that the most prominent discovery of this mission was during 2020, when they discovered more than 100 closed coffins from the late era, which is one of the ten most important discoveries in the world.
In 2022, the largest crypt was unveiled, containing 150 bronze statues of various deities, and more than 250 coffins, some of which were closed, and one of the coffins "Bardiyya Ahmis", which is 16 meters long, and was placed in the Egyptian Museum.
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Magdy Shaker said that the most beautiful thing in this revelation, the presence of beauty tools for an ordinary Egyptian woman - not of the holders of positions - and this indicates that the Egyptian woman, whether in life or after death, believed in the idea of beauty and beauty and tools and keenness to beauty in the world of the other as she was beautiful in her world.

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Egypt unveils ancient workshops used to make mummies

1 hour ago

Archaeologists in Egypt have revealed two workshops that were used to embalm people and animals. Tombs were also opened up, featuring walls that depict daily life and images of an ancient priest.

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Egyptian antiquities officials on Saturday revealed that a research team had unearthed human and animal mummification workshops as well as two tombs in the ancient burial ground of Saqqara.

The discovery follows an excavation lasting around a year near the sanctuary of the goddess Bastet and catacombs of mummified cats in Saqqara, some 30 kilometers (roughly 18.5 miles) south of Cairo.

What did the archaeologists find?

The embalming workshops, one in which humans were mummified with the other used for animals, date back to ancient Egypt's 30th dynasty — which reigned about 2,400 years ago.

Egypt's tourism and antiquities ministry said that in one of the workshops, the researchers had "found several rooms equipped with stony beds where the deceased lay down for mummification."

At the end of each bed were gutters that appeared to be needed for the mummification process.

There was also a collection of clay pots nearby to hold entrails and organs, and an assembly of other instruments and ritual vessels.

An initial study of the second workshop suggested it was used to mummify sacred animals.

Also part of the discovery were the tombs of two priests, one dating back to the 24th century BC and the other to the 14th century BC.

The earliest belonged to Ne Hesut Ba, who was the head of scribes and priest of the gods Horus and Maat in the Old Kingdom's fifth dynasty.

Mohamed Youssef, director of the Saqqara archaeological site said the tomb walls were decorated with depictions of "daily life, agriculture, and hunting scenes."

The second tomb was carved in rock and features depictions of the deceased himself, a New Kingdom priest named Men Kheber, "in different positions."

It also contained a 1-meter-long (roughly 1 yard) alabaster statue.

Push for tourists pays off

Egypt's government has strongly promoted new archaeological finds to international media and diplomats in recent years in the hope that such discoveries will help attract more tourists to the country.

Cairo aims to revive an industry that suffered from political turmoil and that was battered by the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and fallout from the conflict in Ukraine.

Economic data showed tourism revenues climbing to $7.3 billion in the second half of 2022, a 25.7% increase compared with the previous year.

rc/msh (AFP, AP)

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Content: One is human and the other is animal.
The discovery of the two largest mummification workshops in Egyptian Sakkara
Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Ahmed Issa announced during a press conference yesterday, Saturday, the discovery of the largest and most complete embalming workshops, one human and the other animal from the era of the Pharaonic dynasty 30.
Issa pointed out that the mission, headed by the Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Waziri, also revealed two tombs and a number of archaeological finds, during the completion of the excavations of the mission in the cemetery of sacred animals (Bobaston) in the area of   Saqqara antiquities south of Cairo.
The Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mostafa Waziri explained that the two workshops discovered date back to the late 30th era of the Pharaonic dynasty (from 380 BC to 343 BC) and the beginning of the Ptolemaic era.
"The mummification workshop contains five limestone beds, which are submerged in the floor and relatively different from those found in the human mummification workshop," Waziri said, noting that they were likely used to mummify sacred animals associated with the gods Bastet.
The human embalming workshop that was revealed is a rectangular mud-brick building, divided from the inside into a number of rooms containing two beds for human embalming.
Each bed is 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 50 cm high, and consists of several stone blocks and is covered from the top with a layer of mortar or mortar (a building material used to tie the bricks) with a tendency ending in a gutter (a pipe that carries rainwater from the roof of the building to the ground).
The first tomb belonged to a person named Ni Hasut Ba, an Old Kingdom official from the Fifth Dynasty, around 2400 BC, and held many religious and administrative titles.
The second tomb belongs to a person named "from Khabar" from the New Kingdom era of the 18th Dynasty (1400 BC).
M) He held the title of the priest of the gods Kadesh, a foreign idol of Canaanite origin from the region of Syria was worshiped in the city of Kadesh and worshiped in Egypt in the age of the 18th Dynasty, according to the director general of the region of the monuments of Saqqara Sabri Faraj.
It is noteworthy that the Egyptian archaeological mission began its work at the site of the cemetery of the Bobaston since 2018, as it was able to uncover a unique tomb of a priest from the fifth dynasty named "Wachti" in addition to seven rock tombs, including three from the modern state, four from the old state, and the front of a cemetery from the old state.
In 2019, a sacred animal sanctuary was unveiled, which contains more than 1,000 Vians amulets, dozens of wooden cat statues, cat mummies, wooden statues and mummies of various animals, according to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
During the expedition ’ s excavation season last year, its team was able to uncover the first and largest cache of bronze statues in Basqara ’ s Bobaston Cemetery, containing 150 bronze statues of ancient Egyptian deities, as well as 250 sealed colored wooden coffins containing mummies.
The mission is scheduled to complete its work at the site during the upcoming excavation seasons in an attempt to uncover more secrets and secrets of this area.
The Saqqara Archaeological Area is one of the most important parts of the Memphis Cemetery, which is registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List, which serves as a museum that highlights part of the ancient Egyptian history, as it houses the oldest stone building in human history, the pyramid of Djoser, in addition to many pyramids of kings and queens.
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Animal burials across Egyptian necropoles, including sites like Qubbet el‑Hawa, further demonstrate the ritual status of creatures such as cats.

Pet cemeteries in Egypt, such as the Berenice site with hundreds of cat tombs furnished with toys and pottery, illustrate the affection and resources devoted to feline companions.

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Among the graves of cats, dogs and monkeys.
In the cemetery of pets in Egypt found letters written by ancient Roman generals
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An ancient pet cemetery in Egypt has become a find for a rare Roman history.
Along with carefully constructed tombs for more than 200 beloved cats, dogs and monkeys, archaeologists have found letters written 1900 years ago by the hands of nearby Roman centurions.
The burial ground, dating from the first and second centuries, is located in Berenice, a port on the Red Sea in southern Egypt built by the Roman emperor Tiberius.
The Osipino team first discovered the cemetery in 2011, and since then they have been slowly digging it up, writes Smithsonian.
Among the tombs of cats, dogs and exotic monkeys, researchers found pottery, Roman coins, and more recently several letters written on papyrus by military officers commanding units of the Roman legions.
Among the graves of the animals, researchers found countless ostracons – pieces of pottery with engraved inscriptions – but papyri are the first paper texts found at the site.
These sources of knowledge about the ancient inhabitants of Berenice come from the era of Emperor Nero, a brutal Roman ruler of the mid-first century.
During his reign, Berenick was the center of intercontinental trade, through which goods flowed from India, Arabia and East Africa.
The port was home to regional merchants, Roman trade chiefs, and, as historians have long suspected, but never before justified, a division of the Roman army.
The newly found correspondence contains several names of the alleged Roman centurions: Haosus, Lucinius, and Petronius.
In one letter, Petronius asks Lucinia, who is in Berenice, about the prices of some exclusive goods.
Petronius writes that he sends money through the "dromedary", a division of Roman soldiers traveling by camel, and tells Lucinia to provide the soldiers with veal and poles, "writes Science in Poland.
Researchers believe that the ancient Romans probably kept papyri in a nearby office, which was later destroyed by accidentally distributing its contents to a pet cemetery.
The letters are the latest evidence of developed Roman trade found in the cemetery, according to a statement: the skeletons of several buried monkeys recently identified as macaques originating from India show that the Romans imported non-utilitarian animals across the oceans.
These primates, along with long-haired cats and miniature dogs, were "elite pets," and many were buried with toys, pottery, or other companion animals.
“It is difficult to combine the image of the commanders of the ancient foreign legion with such animals, which were“ treated as family members ”, but our findings clearly show that the military elite surrounded themselves with elite domestic animals and led an exclusive lifestyle, ” comments scientist Marta Osypinska Institute of Archaeology of Wroclaw University.
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Many modern retellings mention eyebrow‑shaving as a mourning practice for a deceased family cat, but the documents available here provide no direct primary evidence or explanation for this custom.

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Mohamad Elbaz
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Mohamad Elbaz
Eiliner...
A book about cosmetics as a symbol of strength and protest
In her book, Ailiner: A Cultural History, Lebanese-British journalist Zahra Hanker draws a line that connects cosmetics to different civilizations, continents and eras.
Since eyeliner first appeared in Egypt more than 3,000 years ago, the use of eyeliner has gone beyond cosmetic to serve countless purposes over thousands of years such as sun protection, self-expression and, at various times, as a symbol of protest.
Hanker says, “Placing an eyeliner and learning about its origins means focusing not only on ourselves, but also on some of the world ’ s most fascinating cultures.
The date of appearance of the eyeliner
The book begins to dive deep into the history of the appearance of eyeliner from the 14th century BC, with the Egyptian queen Nefertiti, whose dark eyeliner represented her life story as an example of true and successful female power.
Although the beginnings of eyeliner in the Middle East could have been a special book, the author made it the first stop on a journey from Egypt to Africa, India, Japan and beyond.
The book is impressive in the breadth and depth of its research, and is useful in introducing groups such as the Woodabi tribe in Chad and Iranian women whose appearance is heavily monitored and covers a wide range of time and space.
Combining cultural history with her own personal history as a Lebanese-British-wearing “eyeliner ” who spent a lot of time perfecting its application, she paints attractive profiles for women like Winona, from Texas who wear the thick, winged eyeliner covered in white eyeshadow as a way to hold on to their culture.
Makeup and protest
Throughout history, the eyeliner highlights topics such as the way makeup acts as a mechanism for feeling control, love and expression, the way human ingenuity and creativity led to these decorations, how makeup has long been associated with protest, as well as the methods of preparing various types of natural Arab kohl (Palestinians use olives, Emiratis use date cores).
How should the reader understand the larger story about communicating our identities and desires?
After the author has guided us through an impressive and meticulously thought-out winding road through centuries and across continents, she leaves it up to the reader to finally decide what to do with the wealth of knowledge gathered along the way.

Several sources explicitly note that the search corpus lacks concrete records linking eyebrow‑shaving to cat mourning, leaving the rationale unconfirmed in these materials.

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Content: Pharaonic Monuments: "Secrets" Revealed by "Rare" Mummies of Egyptian Crocodiles
• Mohammed Hamida
• BBC - Cairo
The ancient Egyptian worshiped animals and placed them in the ranks of gods, making them various temples.
Thus, the calf "Apis", the cat "Bess", the jackal and the cobra are all signs and symbols of the ancient Egyptian, he resorted to them to give him strength and protect him from the treachery of nature at times.
Crocodiles represented prestige, strength, invincibility and even fertility, according to sources.
In the Qubat al-Hawa area on the west bank of the Nile in Aswan, some excavations were made in a rock tomb dedicated to major figures during the Middle Kingdom of the ancient Egyptian era, where crocodile mummies were found.
In the Middle Kingdom, crocodile worship spread to Egypt, where the country was in a period of great prosperity.
The central state consisted of the 11th to 13th dynasties, with Egypt as a state with influence in areas from the Syrian coast in the north to Nubia in the south.
But Egypt entered after the thirteenth dynasty in a huge stumbling block, was the prelude to the occupation of the Hyksos for decades, only by the hands of the king Saknin Ra and his sons Kams and Ahmos, where Ahmos completed the task of driving the Hyksos out of the country after the killing of his father and brother.
But the cult of the “alligator god ” did not disappear despite the age of decay that prevailed in the country; it existed even after the end of the dynastic era.
Ten crocodiles in the area of   the Dome of the Air
A team from the University of Chian, Spain, has worked in the Quba al-Hawa area since 2008 in rock tombs, and in 2019 the team revealed 10 crocodiles in good condition of embalming on the West Bank of the Nile.
Alejandro Jiménez, professor of Egyptology at the Spanish University of Jian and director of the excavation project at the Dome of the Hawa, told the BBC that although the linen wraps around these crocodiles had disappeared, the condition of the crocodiles is considered good, which is rare in this region.
Jimenez added that this gave scientists the opportunity to study crocodiles from this era diligently after we found them in good condition, studies were done in museums on the remains of crocodiles, but in our case we studied them in the cemetery.
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Why the crocodile?
The ancient Egyptian worshiped animals, especially those that he could not tame and humiliate for his domestic or foreign works, so he went to sanctify them and put them in the ranks of gods, according to scholars.
The "crocodile god" or what the ancient Egyptians called "Sobek", is an ancient Egyptian god associated with the Nile, and is depicted in the form of a man with the head of a crocodile, or directly in the form of a crocodile, and symbolizes in ancient Egyptian religion power and fertility, and was especially associated with the dangers posed by the Nile with its flood.
But references from some sources confirm that the nicknames given to the "Sobek" were representative of the violent and huge nature of the crocodile, he was called "the one who eats while sleeping", according to the Italian Egyptologist Ida Bresciani.
Sobek was the fertility god of the ancient Egyptians.
Alejandro says some of the crocodiles found in the area of   the Dome of the Hawa are up to three meters long, which raises the question of how to catch and deal with these huge animals.
Alejandro estimated that these animals were left in the sun for a long time, dehydrated and died before the embalming process where we found them.
The report, published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE, indicates that the crocodiles discovered were covered with a layer of bitumen, which is common in the later periods of ancient history.
The magazine says the roof of all the skulls of the Hawa Dome crocodiles is intact, and there are no traces that could be linked to the killing of animals.
She stressed that among the various methods mentioned to kill crocodiles, those that do not leave obvious traces.
Stones in the crocodile's belly.
The manager of the excavation project at the Dome of the Hawa says that the vital organs of the crocodiles were impressively present in the mummies, and that the stomach was not removed as usual when embalming, and it is likely that these crocodiles were buried in the sand and after a while they were covered with bitumen and embalmed as they are.
Alejandro confirms that a number of stones have been found inside the stomach of crocodiles, which is a common practice used by crocodiles to balance them inside the water.
He points out that he has discovered two types of crocodiles, the Nile crocodile and the West African crocodile of different lengths.
The crocodiles were roaming over Egypt with the flood of the Nile, a supernatural force of the ancient Egyptian who feared and was preparing for the great river.
Floods were destroying the habitats of animals living on the banks of the Nile and rats were rushing into the highlands and cobras were killing mice, so the Egyptians revered them and placed them on the crowns of kings.
The crocodile was also a creature too great to satisfy its appetite for a mouse, for example, so during the Nile flood it attacked cows and possibly people.
The Egyptians therefore placed him among the great gods associated with the flood of the Nile.
The Spanish scientist points out that the importance of detection comes from the fact that many of the studies carried out in the past years on crocodile mummies were about the remains of crocodiles that were in museums and not in cemeteries like this case, which gave us a lot of unique information.
Many museums around the world have Egyptian animal mummies and crocodiles among them.
The Egyptian Museum in Cairo has the largest collection of animal mummies, yet the crocodiles discovered are extremely rare in modern fossils.

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Content: What is the use of the mysterious "head cone" in ancient Egyptian murals?
Various assumptions by archaeologists
Photo Credit: Rama and one more author @ Wiki Public Domain
What we want you to know is
“It ’ s obviously very, very special, we haven ’ t seen it in any tombs before, ” the pointed object is very similar to the strange head decoration in Egyptian art, which some scholars have long dismissed as an artist ’ s whimsy.
Written by Yi-ching Kuai
If you look closely at ancient Egyptian art, you may find a strange thing: from papyrus scrolls to coffin tombs, Egyptian figures of devout carnivores, both men and women, with a coffee mug-sized cone over their heads, sometimes attending royal feasts, sometimes attending sacred ceremonies, and sometimes women giving birth (the Egyptians believe that female births are related to specific gods).
Although the head cones have been relatively common in Egyptian art for more than a thousand years, the use and authenticity have remained a mystery.
Since no one has ever excavated the mysterious little cone, for a long time, archaeologists have been puzzled, and many even suspected that it may exist only as a symbol in the painting, and it is a way for the painter to express the special status of the wearer, just like the halo used to represent holiness in Christian art.
However, archaeologists have found that these "head cones" do have objects, and researchers have found two of them in ancient tombs dating back 3,300 years.
It was discovered in the most unusual city in ancient Egypt, Akhetaten.
The area was occupied by Egypt in the 14th century BC, for no more than 15 years.
The Pharaoh Akhenaten, who ruled Egypt at the time (he may have been Tutankhamun ’ s father) named it Akhtaten. Akhenaten developed a short-lived (heretical in the eyes of later pharaohs) religious system that focused on the worship of the single Lord God represented by the sun.
Found in the grave of a laborer, doubtful.
There are about 30,000 people living in Akhtaten, and only about 10% are rich elites buried in luxurious graves, and the rest are ordinary people, buried in simple tombs.
An archaeological project funded by the National Geographic Society and led by the University of Cambridge was to find the remains of the skull in simple, often worthless tombs.
Anna Stevens, an archaeologist, assistant director of the Archaeological Program and director of non-elite cemetery research at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, remembers the day they found the skull cone.
“I think I ’ ve found that head cone! ” shouted colleague Mary Shepperson.
Stevens went over and found something unusual on the female skull.
“It ’ s obviously very, very special, we haven ’ t seen it in any tombs before, ” the pointed object is very similar to the strange head decoration in Egyptian art, which some scholars have long dismissed as an artist ’ s whimsy.
Archaeologists found two head cones in the lower grave of the labor cemetery, one of which was unfortunately raided by grave robbers and the other is well preserved.
The team reported in Antiquity, a professional journal of archaeology, that the two bodies still had a thick head of hair, both hairs entangled with a cone. The cone was cream colored and appeared to be made of beeswax, about 8 centimeters high, but in poor condition, with holes drilled by insects everywhere.
This discovery not only has the opportunity to quell the “symbolism ” of the head cone, but may also break another hypothesis: the head cone is a fragrant ointment that slowly melts in the sun, physically and mentally cleanses the body and the fragrant mind.
The concept, Stevens says, is “by melting, ‘ cleaning ’ the hair, purifying the individual and preparing the person to participate in the ritual. ”
Because the archaeological team found no chemical evidence in the well-preserved tomb that the head cones had melted and dripped onto the hair of the deceased.
Is it a ceremonial object or a hat?
But Lise Manniche, an archaeologist at the University of Copenhagen, says that doesn ’ t necessarily overturn the ointment theory.
She said that ancient artifacts show that cones are usually worn by the upper class, not by people buried in labor graves: “I would interpret these two cones as the ‘ false cones ’ that the poor in the city used to imitate the upper classes of society. ”
If so, the cone may be more than a parody of the social elite.
Some archaeologists believe that the head cones are more symbolic of sex and fertility.
Given that possibility, Stevens said it might be significant that the well-preserved tomb contains a woman of childbearing age.
She speculated that the woman might want the cone to improve her fertility in the afterlife.
The discovery of another tomb in the skull cones does not identify whether the adult deceased was a man or a woman.
Rune Nyord, an archaeologist at Emory University in Atlanta, is skeptical about fertility.
He noted that Egyptian art also wore the head cones in other cases, such as at a festival banquet or in front of the pharaohs.
“Explanations that invoke the afterlife are common in Egyptology, ” Nod added, adding that we should reserve the possibility that Egyptians did not view the head cones in this way.
Sometimes a hat is just a hat.
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Even without a clear record of that specific rite, the spiritual bond is evident in the sanctification, protection motifs, and funerary treatment accorded to cats in ancient Egypt.