Indoor pollutant cuts measured: NO2 40%, PM10 60%, PM2.5 10%, ozone 30%.

Indoor green walls can cool air by about 1.8°C.

Buildings consume ~30% of global energy, about half for HVAC, so green walls are a relevant passive strategy.

Seeing indoor green walls correlates with lower stress and better mood.

Green walls can cut ambient noise, improve fire resistance, and add comfort and safety.

Well-built green walls can last up to 25 years with minimal upkeep.

Installed costs range from $200–$1,200 per m² or $125–$225 per ft² for custom builds.

Some places subsidize 3,000–6,000 yuan per m², up to 400,000 yuan per project.

Maintenance must match plant type, climate, and site.

Match plants to light levels and keep temperatures steady to avoid common indoor problems.

Use grow lights to supplement weak natural light.

Water with settled or filtered water, adjusting frequency to each plant.

Inspect routinely and use natural remedies like neem oil for pests.

Drip irrigation reduces waste and enables precise, sensor-guided watering in vertical systems.

Sensors and rainwater harvesting can sustain walls while cutting municipal water use.

Hydroponic systems are an affordable irrigation option.

Low-maintenance temperate picks include Ficus benjamina, Areca palm, and Sansevieria.

Boston fern, Dracaena, and Anthurium add air cleaning and aesthetics in suitable light and humidity.

Bougainvillea and Passionflower like sun and warmth, while Agava tolerates heat and drought.

Succulents such as trailing Sedum suit bright, low-water plantings with sparse watering.

Prayer plants, pothos, and Sansevieria handle low to very low light.

In heavily polluted areas, strong air purifiers or plants like Peepal trees may still be needed.

Design and installation should address load-bearing, wind resistance, and waterproofing.

Frames need breathable backing to prevent soil loss and water damage.

In tough climates or with limited upkeep, context-appropriate design and care are essential.

Indoor pollutant cuts measured: NO2 40%, PM10 60%, PM2.5 10%, ozone 30%.

Title:

Content: Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi City, Chiayi County, Chiayi
The school received an environmental subsidy of NT $220,000 two years ago to plant large Dumbo flowers to form a green wall, which helps to cool down the temperature and purify the air, and also to install an automatic sprinkler system to maintain the ecology of the green wall.
According to the Environmental Protection Bureau of Chiayi City Government, since 2019, the Environmental Protection Department has promoted the vertical air green wall project. Since 2019, three schools, including Xingjia, Jiabei Elementary School and Jiabei Elementary School, have installed climbing plants on the school's daughter wall and the balcony of the classroom.
The Environmental Protection Bureau of the Chiayi Municipal Government said that this year, the Environmental Protection Agency expanded the target of subsidies, in addition to the original subsidies of public middle school, public elementary school, public preschool institutions, public welfare groups, public facilities, environmental protection night market, civic activity center and other venues, air green wall subsidies of 3,000 to 6,000 yuan per square meter, single subsidy ceiling of 400,000 yuan.
According to the Municipal Environmental Protection Agency, according to the results of the study, vertical green walls can reduce the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended particulates (PM10) by about 40% and 60%, but also reduce the concentration of indoor fine suspended particulates (PM2.5) by about 10%, ozone by about 30%, and indoor temperature reduction by about 1.8 ℃.
According to the city's Environmental Protection Bureau, the appropriate plant types are lily bamboo, firecracker red, Yunnan yellow carnation, turtle, Boston kidney fern, hydrangea, African pansy or panthera, and can be selected according to the space planning and installation requirements, so that the space is more beautiful.
# Green Wall # Cooling # EPB # EPD # Planting

Indoor green walls can cool air by about 1.8°C.

Buildings consume ~30% of global energy, about half for HVAC, so green walls are a relevant passive strategy.

Title:

Content: Limited Time Free
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【 Intelligent building 】 Temperature change color building materials adjust wall temperature to help save energy
10: 00 2023 / 08 / 27
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The University of Toronto (UofT) used computer models to estimate the effectiveness of “liquid windows ”, noting that buildings use the technology to reduce heating, cooling and lighting energy by about 25% each year.
(UofT)
Air conditioning systems (HVAC) are the main source of building carbon emissions. Although reducing electricity consumption is the most direct way to reduce carbon, how to make good use of building structures and materials to achieve energy conservation is the development goal of intelligent buildings (Intelligent Building).
Two universities have developed “temperature-sensitive color-changing building materials ” and“ liquid windows ” to regulate temperature through changes in the external environment and light, aiming to reduce the building ’ s carbon footprint.
At present, most of the civil engineering structures of buildings are built for traditional design purposes, including bearing the load risk in the worst conditions, such as earthquakes and strong winds, to ensure that the buildings are safe to use.
However, for the requirements of future building structures, it is no longer sufficient to consider the level of safety alone, but to focus on how to operate in a more sustainable manner, including minimizing the energy needs of the building ’ s life cycle.
【 AI lingerie store 】 Wacoal introduces AI robot and store staff coordination and division of labor
Buildings now account for 30% of global energy consumption and 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with half of the carbon footprint attributed to the use of heating or cooling equipment such as heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems.
However, as extreme weather conditions become more frequent around the world, public use of these devices will only become more frequent, resulting in vicious cycles, so the “adaptability ” of buildings becomes even more important.
Building Structures Save Energy and Reduce Carbon Footprint
If the building can adjust the indoor temperature according to the outdoor temperature, this will save a lot of electricity consumption.
A research team at the University of Chicago ’ s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) has designed a “temperature-sensitive color changing building material ” that can adjust the degree of infrared heat dissipation according to the external temperature.
Any object emits different levels of infrared light, which is an invisible heat.
Hsu Po Chun, assistant professor of molecular engineering in charge of the project, said that the new building material is composed of graphene (Graphene) and copper electrodeposition (Copper Electrodeposition), when subjected to different degrees of electrical stimulation, the copper inside the material will switch to a solid or liquid form, affecting its infrared emission level.
【 Green Technology 】 Microwave heating fish scales environmentally friendly production of carbon nanoions
When copper is solid, its infrared emission is lower, and when it is liquid, its infrared emission is higher.
Experiments have shown that in hot weather, the material can emit up to 92% of the infrared heat, which helps to cool the interior of the building, and on colder days, only 7% of its infrared absorption is emitted, which is conducive to maintaining indoor warmth.
Air conditioning energy consumption saving 8.4% per year
Thermochromic building materials can be used to cover the exterior walls of buildings, and Hsu Po Chun points out that in general commercial buildings, for example, the power required to run the building will be less than 0.2% of the total power consumption of the building, but at the same time, it can save 8.4% of the building's annual energy consumption of the air conditioning system.
In addition to the method of adjusting the temperature of the wall, some scientists have also thought of controlling the sunlight spectrum into the room to achieve the effect of energy conservation.
The University of Toronto (UofT) has invented a “liquid window ” that controls the entry of different spectra into the room, regulating the softness of visible light and the heat of the infrared.
【 Medical Technology 】 Micro-deformable Robot Oral Care 「 3-in-1 」
Smart windows mostly control whether or not sunlight passes through, and according to Ben Hatton, an associate professor in UofT ’ s Department of Materials Science and Engineering, liquid windows can further perform a variety of energy-efficient filter modes.
The liquid window is made of multiple transparent films, and each film about 1 mm thick contains liquid of different pigments. When the device closes different films, the light spectrum entering the room can be controlled.
For example, in summer, allowing visible light to pass through and block the infrared rays can maintain the brightness of the room and reduce the burning sensation caused by the infrared rays, so that the indoor temperature will not increase significantly. And...
Reporter: Chan Cheuk-yin
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Seeing indoor green walls correlates with lower stress and better mood.

Title:

Content: Landscaping is the main element of a healthy and comfortable environment, which has a positive impact on both the psychological and physical condition of a person.
People perceive rooms filled with living plants as safer and more aesthetic for life and work.
Even with visual contact with nature, the level of stress is significantly reduced.
According to recent studies, gardening can affect not only air quality and our health, but also energize, improve performance and serve as a source of inspiration.
Inspiration
A sense of security
Image of Well-Being
Air quality
Change together
with us
In the face of constant global changes, human needs and desires also change.
There is a rethinking of fundamental principles and values - we become more attentive to ourselves, flexible and mobile, open to new opportunities and ideas.
These same trends are reflected in the transformation of the premises – in the desire to create a truly comfortable and attractive space.
The interior becomes adaptive for various tasks and interaction formats.
And plants have become an integral part of any progressive concept.

Green walls can cut ambient noise, improve fire resistance, and add comfort and safety.

Title:

Content: Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd Now Provides Singapore Properties with Vertical Green Walls

Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd is famous for its vertical wall planters, green walls and flower backdrop in Singapore. The company caters to residential and commercial clients as well.

Singapore, 2023-Jan-04 — /EPR Network/ — Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd, the leading landscaping company in Singapore is offering vertical green walls to commercial and residential properties. Whether it is a retail showroom or a high rise, the vertical green wall is an innovative approach towards introducing nature amidst the concrete jungle.

The company uses quality vertical wall planters, ensuring the healthy growth of the plants. These vertical walls are easy to maintain, assemble, install, disassemble, and reinstall. The technique used by Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd ensures the user does not have to spend much time tending and taking care of the plants.

Along with green walls, the company also provides clients with exquisite flower backdrops in Singapore to complement the greenery around them. It’s a long-term investment as a green wall can last up to 25 years.

Vertical walls by Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd come with some unique features:

  • Custom design to suit the client’s needs.
  • Minimal watering of the green wall plants.
  • Ultra-low maintenance ensured.
  • Quick installation due to a modular system.
  • Use of plants that can survive in a tropical climate.

Why choose a vertical green wall?

  • Reduces waste of energy.
  • Improves air quality.
  • Makes the structure sustainable.
  • The space becomes more fire-resistant.
  • Minimizes ambient noise.

The general installation cost for a vertical green wall by Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd ranges between $200 per square meter and $1200 per square meter, depending on the design, the kind of plants used and the installation process.

About the company:

One of the oldest nurseries in Singapore, Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd has 50 years of experience in the industry. Started out humbly as a flower shop, Prince’s Landscape Pte Ltd have evolved into a full-fledged landscape design and installation specialist.

Contact Details

Telephone: 65 6763 7000

Fax: 65 6892 2700

WhatsApp: +65 8838 3479

Email: buzz@prince.com.sg

Address: 53 Sungei Tengah Road, Singapore 698998

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Well-built green walls can last up to 25 years with minimal upkeep.

Installed costs range from $200–$1,200 per m² or $125–$225 per ft² for custom builds.

Title:

Content: Invite nature into your home by creating a verdant "living wall" display

Humans need plants to survive.

We eat them, drink them, use them as medicine, and even decorate with them in order to bring joy to our daily lives.

Once you start caring for a couple of houseplants, it's easy to spiral into an obsession with our magnificent, leafy friends. If your collection of 20-plus houseplants isn't enough to satiate your need for greenery in your home anymore, why not take it to the next level with a full-blown living wall?

Living walls, or vertical gardens as they're sometimes called, are made up of an array of live plants that are planted vertically and can range in size from just a few square feet to entire walls in large atrium spaces.

However, larger installations can cost upwards of $125-$225 per square foot of wall and aren't exactly feasible for renters or homeowners who are on a strict budget or have limited space.

While you can certainly contract a company to install a living wall in your home, there are also local and handcrafted options to consider depending on your budget, your lifestyle and what look you're going for.

click to enlarge
Chiana McInelly photo
Dominic Villareal in front of A Modern Plantsman's living wall display.

Dominic Villareal, the owner of A Modern Plantsman, weighed his own options when expanding his Colfax plant store to downtown Spokane in late 2021.

"My partner and I were scoping out the local plant scene, and we noticed immediately that there was a lack of living wall installations in Spokane," he says. "There are no plant stores or nurseries in the area that have one."

When Villareal secured the space for his shop on the main floor of the Hotel Indigo building, he began designing a plant wall that was eye-catching as well as functional for his customers. The plant wall, constructed by Villareal himself, features wooden shelves that are just deep enough to hide the pots that the plants reside in, giving it the appearance of a living wall.

"That's very doable for a home setting," he says. "You can take the pots off the shelf for easy watering and care."

Villareal recommends plants that trail for any DIY living wall project, but also says that including plants of different heights can give the wall a much more textured and varied appearance.

"Start with plants like pothos, heart leaf philodendrons and prayer plants," Villareal says. "Prayer plants specifically can deal with very low-light situations, which is perfect for a home installation. They'll disguise any nonnatural elements of the wall once they start to trail down."

Previous owner of Sage + Moss and seasoned houseplant parent Annecia Paulson recommends utilizing organic elements when creating your display for ease of watering and a more harmonious facade.

The most common way to do this is by creating mounted plant displays. Mounted plants are plants that have been affixed onto an object using moss or other organic materials.

"Creating mounted plants is actually a really easy process," she says. "You simply remove most of the dirt from the roots, place the plant on the piece of bark and then attach it using sphagnum moss and fishing line."

The upkeep and care of mounted plants lie in the choice of wood, Paulson says.

"Using cork bark is the best option — it's lightweight and naturally mold-resistant. Just soak the whole thing in water, let it drip dry and then hang it on your wall using Command hooks or string. Super simple," she says.

If the trial and error of diving in headfirst just isn't your thing, many area plant stores, including A Modern Plantsman, offer workshops on how to create mounted plants and products that can assist you in your journey to creating a living wall.

"We really try to act as a resource for people in the community," Villareal says. "We want to help people learn how to do these things. I've already gone through the trial and error of the projects that people attempt at home, so I'm happy to give people that knowledge." ♦

Lila Shaw Girvin: Gift of a Moment @ Northwest Museum of Arts & Culture

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About The Author

Madison Pearson

Madison Pearson is the Inlander's Listings Editor, managing the calendar of events and regularly contributing to the Arts & Culture section of the paper. She joined the staff in 2022 after graduating from Eastern Washington University.

Some places subsidize 3,000–6,000 yuan per m², up to 400,000 yuan per project.

Maintenance must match plant type, climate, and site.

Title:

Content: Expo 2020 Dubai

Expo 2020 Dubai: Singapore pavilion integrates nature within urban environments

WAM/Abu Dhabi
Filed on August 26, 2021
Source: Expo 2020 website

Green architecture to embody ethos of sustainable development

The Singapore pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai puts green architecture at the forefront to help visitors appreciate the benefits and possibilities of integrating nature within our urban environments.

Layered with a showcase of greenery, digital solutions and art, the pavilion exemplifies Singapore's vision of becoming a City in Nature, and ethos of sustainable development via innovative and impactful urban solutions.

Yap Lay Bee, Deputy Commissioner-General of the Singapore pavilion and Group Director, Architecture & Urban Design Group at the Urban Redevelopment Authority, said, "The Singapore Pavilion demonstrates the potential to push the envelope to integrate nature, architecture and technology through various design strategies and digital elements.

"We wish to invite visitors to contemplate their relationship with nature as they explore the pavilion's green, digital ecosystem and its artistic representation of the pavilion's integrated system of greenery, water and energy management. In doing so, visitors will be able to appreciate the challenges in realising the Singapore pavilion, and the ways we can co-exist with our natural and built environment, where both people and ecologies are cared for."

The pavilion takes into account the local environment within its Rainforest Cone and the Flower Cone areas to sustain rainforest plants. The growth of the multitude of plant varieties despite the ground conditions demonstrates the possibility for such lush landscapes to thrive in different environments around the world while using renewable resources.

The pavilion also capitalises on technology to augment bold landscaping design. Caring for the varieties of plants within the pavilion is no easy feat, especially those on the curved green walls of the pavilion's iconic cones. To address this challenge, three prototype climbing robots will traverse the green walls around the Flower Cone to inspect the health of the plants, as well as to collect environmental data to monitor the performance of the pavilion's systems.

Visitors are invited to participate in a generative artwork at the Galleria that allows them to visualise the performance of the pavilion's integrated ecosystem and how it impacts the environment. The customised planting palette and innovative technological applications used in water and energy management are design strategies that enable the Singapore pavilion to achieve its net-zero energy target.

Preparations for the Singapore pavilion are at the final phase. Landscaping works have wrapped up and finishing touches are being made to the digital exhibits ahead of its opening on 1st October 2021. Various elements of the Singapore pavilion experience will also be presented on online platforms, given the current travel restrictions and safe management measures.

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Match plants to light levels and keep temperatures steady to avoid common indoor problems.

Title:

Content: 5 Common Indoor Gardening Challenges And Their Solutions

Saloni Singh
Updated on Jan 22, 2024, 19:36 IST- 5 min read

Indoor gardening is a wonderful way to bring nature into your home and enjoy the benefits of growing plants all year round. However, it comes with its own set of challenges that can sometimes discourage even the most experienced gardeners. In this article, we will explore five common indoor gardening challenges and provide practical solutions to help you overcome them.

The Growing Trend of Indoor Gardening

In recent years, indoor gardening has gained immense popularity among plant enthusiasts. It allows individuals to create a green oasis within the comfort of their homes, regardless of the outdoor climate. However, indoor gardening comes with its own unique challenges that require careful attention and solutions to ensure the thriving growth of your plants.

Unsplash/Representational Image

Challenge 1: Insufficient Light

One of the most common challenges faced by indoor gardeners is the lack of sufficient light. Since natural sunlight is limited indoors, providing adequate light for your plants becomes crucial. Insufficient light can lead to weak growth, leggy stems, and poor flowering.

Solution: To overcome this challenge, you can consider the following solutions:

Place your plants near windows with the brightest light exposure.

Use artificial grow lights, such as fluorescent or LED lights, to supplement the natural light.

Rotate your plants regularly to ensure all sides receive equal light exposure.

Challenge 2: Temperature Control

Maintaining the right temperature for your indoor garden can be a tricky task. Fluctuations in temperature can affect plant growth and overall health. Extreme heat or cold can cause stress and even lead to plant damage.

Solution: Here are some solutions to help you maintain optimal temperature levels:

Identify the temperature requirements of your plants and adjust the indoor environment accordingly.

Use thermostats or temperature-controlled devices to regulate the temperature.

Place plants away from drafts and heating or cooling sources that may cause sudden temperature changes.

Unsplash/Representational Image

Challenge 3: Proper Watering Techniques

Watering plants is a fundamental aspect of gardening, but it can be challenging to strike the right balance. Overwatering or underwatering can have detrimental effects on plant health and growth.

Solution: Follow these guidelines for proper watering:

Learn the specific watering needs of each plant in your indoor garden.

Check the moisture level of the soil before watering.

Provide adequate drainage to prevent waterlogged roots.

Challenge 4: Pest Infestations

Indoor plants are not immune to pests. Common pests, such as aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites, can quickly infest your indoor garden if left unchecked. These pests can weaken your plants and hinder their growth.

Solution: Implement the following measures to tackle pest infestations:

Regularly inspect your plants for signs of pests.

Use organic pest control methods, such as neem oil or insecticidal soap.

Isolate affected plants to prevent the spread of pests.

Challenge 5: Limited Space

One of the significant challenges of indoor gardening is dealing with limited space. As your plant collection grows, finding suitable areas to accommodate them becomes increasingly difficult.

Solution: Here are some solutions for optimizing limited space:

Utilize vertical space by hanging plants or using wall-mounted planters.

Choose compact plant varieties or those that can be trained to grow vertically.

Group plants with similar needs together to make the most of available space.

Unsplash/Representational Image

Indoor gardening offers a rewarding experience, but it requires addressing common challenges effectively. By understanding the obstacles like insufficient light, temperature control, proper watering techniques, pest infestations, and limited space, you can create a thriving indoor garden. Implementing the suggested solutions will help you overcome these challenges and enjoy the beauty of nature within your home.

FAQs

1. How often should I water my indoor plants? The watering frequency depends on various factors such as plant type, size, and environmental conditions. It is best to check the moisture level of the soil before watering to ensure it is neither too dry nor waterlogged.

2. Can I use regular household lights for indoor gardening? Regular household lights are not sufficient for promoting healthy plant growth. It is recommended to use specialized grow lights, such as fluorescent or LED lights, to provide adequate light intensity and spectrum for your plants.

3. What are some natural remedies for pest control in indoor gardens? Several natural remedies can help control pests in indoor gardens. Neem oil, insecticidal soap, and homemade vinegar sprays are effective in combating common pests. However, always follow the instructions and test them on a small portion of the plant before widespread application.

4. How can I make the most of limited space in my indoor garden? To maximize limited space, consider utilizing vertical space by hanging plants or using wall-mounted planters. Choose compact plant varieties or those that can be trained to grow vertically. Grouping plants with similar needs together can also help optimize space.

5. Can I grow vegetables indoors? Yes, you can grow a variety of vegetables indoors. Leafy greens like lettuce and herbs like basil are well-suited for indoor cultivation. Tomatoes, peppers, and microgreens are also popular choices for indoor vegetable gardening.

In conclusion, indoor gardening comes with its own set of challenges, but with the right knowledge and strategies, you can overcome them. By addressing the issues of insufficient light, temperature control, proper watering, pest infestations, and limited space, you can create a thriving indoor garden that brings beauty and serenity to your home. Remember to adapt the solutions to suit your specific plant needs and enjoy the benefits of a flourishing indoor garden.

Use grow lights to supplement weak natural light.

Water with settled or filtered water, adjusting frequency to each plant.

Title:

Content: � � � � � � � �
Lifehacks
Top 5 life hacks to keep yours blooming all the time
Vladislav Moskalenko
UAportal has prepared a comprehensive guide that will help you to easily and quickly decorate the garden.
When it comes to designing gardens, there are a few basic steps that can make the process easier and more enjoyable.
Advice 1: Start with planning
Before starting any project, it is important to make a plan in advance in order to have an idea of what the final result should look like.
This will save you time because you won ’ t change your mind halfway through the project.
Advice 2: Choose plants wisely
Make sure the plants fit your climate and soil type so that they don ’ t die quickly due to lack of water or nutrients.
Also consider how much sunlight they need to thrive in their environment.
See also: Why gardeners water indoor plants with warm water
Tip 3: Decide where the furniture will stand
Think about where the furniture will stand, so that it does not block the paths and does not create an imbalance in the layout of the garden.
It is also important not to overload certain areas with too much furniture, as this can create an atmosphere of discomfort in the space.
Tip 4: Add decorative elements
To give personality to the design of your garden, try adding some decorative elements such as birdhouses, sculptures or wind bells that will give it character and charm, as well as provide the sound effects of nature at its best!
Tip 5: Explore Local Opportunities
Finding local nurseries for plants and materials such as compost can help save money and time, as these resources are often cheaper than ordering online or visiting large stores.
Recall that the plants looked well-groomed, great importance is given to the liquid that is used for watering plants.
It is important to know which water is best suited in indoor floriculture: settled, filtered or boiled.
And we also wrote about 5 ways to water indoor plants if no one is at home for a long time.
And if you want to bring to life withered houseplants, this will help one cheap and effective drug.
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Inspect routinely and use natural remedies like neem oil for pests.

Drip irrigation reduces waste and enables precise, sensor-guided watering in vertical systems.

Title:

Content: Maximising farm profits with sustainable water management practices

A new guide by Castle Water has highlighted the financial benefits to farmers of efficient water use

In modern farming, effective water management is crucial for maximising profitability and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural operations.

This guide highlights the financial benefits of efficient water use, introduces sustainable solutions, and explores advanced technologies that can significantly impact your bottom line.

For more insight on optimising water management in agriculture, Castle Water offers comprehensive services tailored to farmers’ needs.

The financial impact of efficient water use

The quality of your water management system directly influences profits by reducing operational costs and increasing crop yields. Implementing irrigation systems can allow for optimal water distribution that meet crop water requirements while minimising waste.

• Reduced Water Costs: By adopting irrigation methods, farmers can significantly reduce water expenses. Techniques like drip irrigation, which deliver water directly to the plant roots, reduce evaporation and runoff.

• Improved Crop Yields: Efficient water management practices ensure that crops receive the right amount of water at the right time, leading to healthier plants and higher yields. This not only boosts revenue but also improves the quality of produce, potentially leading to better market prices.

• Lower Energy Consumption: Advanced irrigation systems often require less energy to operate than conventional methods, translating into lower energy bills. For instance, drip and sprinkler systems use energy more effectively compared to flood irrigation, which can lead to substantial savings over time.

Sustainable solutions for long-term gains

Sustainable water management in farming not only addresses immediate financial concerns but also ensures long-term agricultural viability.

Integrating efficient farming practices helps mitigate the impact of climate change and water scarcity, securing a more stable future for agricultural enterprises.

Utilising soil moisture sensors helps farmers monitor and manage water applications more effectively. By maintaining optimal soil moisture levels, farmers can reduce water usage and prevent excessive irrigation, which can harm crop productivity.

Advanced water technologies for agriculture

Adopting advanced technologies is key to modernising agricultural water management. Innovations in this field provide farmers with tools to optimise water use and adapt to changing environmental conditions.

• Smart Irrigation Systems: These systems use real-time data from weather forecasts, soil moisture levels, and crop needs to automate and fine-tune irrigation schedules. This not only conserves water but also ensures that crops receive the precise amount of water required for optimal growth.

• Water Recycling Systems: Implementing agricultural water recycling techniques allows farms to reuse water for irrigation, reducing overall water consumption. Treated wastewater or runoff can be repurposed, cutting down the demand on freshwater sources.

• Precision Farming Tools: Tools like irrigation sensor systems provide farmers with detailed insights into field conditions. This information enables precise water application, maximising efficiency and reducing waste.

Reducing water waste to save money

By identifying and addressing the inefficiencies in their water management systems, farmers can conserve resources and reduce operational costs.

• Leak Detection and Repair: Regularly inspecting irrigation infrastructure for leaks can prevent water loss and ensure that water is delivered where it is needed. Prompt repairs can lead to significant water and cost savings over time.

• Water Audits: Conducting water audits helps farmers assess their water use patterns and identify areas for improvement. This process involves measuring water use across the system and implementing strategies to optimise water application.

• Education and Training: Providing training on efficient water management techniques and technologies can empower farmers and farmhands to adopt best practices. Knowledgeable farmers are better equipped to implement solutions that enhance water use efficiency and boost profitability. For more general agricultural news check out our produce news.

In conclusion

Efficient water management is not just a sustainable practice; it’s a strategic financial move for farmers.

By implementing modern irrigation methods, adopting sustainable water use strategies, and leveraging advanced technologies, farmers can reduce costs, increase yields, and secure long-term profitability. For further information, check these resources on water management policies for agriculture.

Sensors and rainwater harvesting can sustain walls while cutting municipal water use.

Title:

Content: LIFESTYLE Lifestyle
Nederland ’ s “Vertical Forest ” social housing combines environmental protection and aesthetics to enhance the quality of life
by Cecilia
/ 2021.10.17
Housing problems, land problems, property slavery, and high property prices have all become symbols of Hong Kong, and it is common for overseas places to have high-quality public housing or social housing, and in the Netherlands, Einhaven has just completed a "vertical forest" social housing covered with plants, which combines greenery, environmental protection and aesthetics.
Photo by Stefano Boeri Architetti
Designed by Italian architecture studio Stefano Boeri Architetti, the social house in Yanhaofen, Netherlands, known as the Trudo Vertical Forest, is 18 stories high and 70 meters tall and has 125 units. The balcony protruding between each unit has different width, height and depth.
Low-income people and young people starting families can improve living conditions even for citizens who can ’ t afford private housing, and apply the concept of urban afforestation as a possibility to improve the urban environment and cope with climate change.
Photo by Stefano Boeri Architetti
Trudo Vertical Forest uses white as the main color overall, and is surrounded by solar reflective glass bars, the planting balcony is equipped with sensors to monitor the hydration and nutrient levels of the soil, even the novice planting do not have to worry.
Don ’ t underestimate the amount of plants in a single building that can absorb more than 50 tons of carbon dioxide and emit more than 13 tons of oxygen each year. It makes sense to call it a “vertical forest ”.
Solar panels on the roof provide some of the energy consumed by the building, while reservoirs and rainwater harvesting systems are installed to irrigate the plants.
Photo by Stefano Boeri Architetti
In terms of indoor environment, each 50 square meters (about 538 square feet) unit can be reconfigured according to people, and the floor height is at least 3.5 meters. Although foreigners are relatively tall, they are also full of space.
Each unit has its own balcony, each with a tree and 20 shrubs.
The design takes into account the doubling of the weight and size of each plant ’ s life cycle, and there is a dedicated gardener to take care of it, who does not enter the house, but hangs down outside the building to maintain and trim the plants.
This is not the first time that the concept of “vertical forest ” has been heard, and it has been implemented around the world. However, this time, as a social housing, it is also a big attraction, and I hope to see it in Hong Kong one day.
Photo by Stefano Boeri Architetti

Hydroponic systems are an affordable irrigation option.

Title:

Content: Categories: Articles, Crop productionPublished On: 13th October 2023

Hobby or small-holder farmers: Vertical farming may be the way to go

By 7 min read

aquaculture-5990470_1280

Stackable planters can be purchased from local hardware or nursery suppliers to create your own vertical farm.

The need to optimise farming and improve yields on small plots of land is increasingly important. Due to challenges of water scarcity, limited arable land and high inputs costs, innovative solutions such as vertical farming can help to overcome these struggles.

Vertical farming is an approach whereby farmers cultivate certain crops vertically in stacked layers, in order to maximise space and increase yields. This is usually achieved by planting these crops in containers, structures, or stackable pots.

Most often, these structures incorporate aquaponics, hydroponics or aeroponic techniques. All of these are methods used in controlled environments, with various factors such as the water flow, lighting control, temperature, and substrate controlled by the farmer, unlike traditional farming practices.

Vertical farming has many benefits

The most obvious benefit of vertical farming is maximised land use. This method allows farmers to grow more crops in a smaller footprint, making it ideal for areas with limited land availability. But there are other benefits too:

Production throughout the year: Since the environment of vertical farms are more controlled, it is possible to cultivate a crop more than once a year, or to ensure that you have a consistent yield throughout the year – depending on the crop type of course. Any seasonal constraints are removed and production is more efficient.

Water conservation: Less water is used in these systems.with only the precise amount of water needed to provide the plants with sustenance. Where farms are located in greenhouses or indoors, less evaporation also occurs.

Low environmental impact: When less space is needed to grow more food, there is a lower impact on the environment. Less natural vegetation needs to be cleared to accommodate soil based farming.

Improved control over growing conditions: When coupled with greenhouse systems, factors such as light intensity, temperature and humidity can be regulated. However, the plants are more dependent on the farmer to provide nutrients as there is little to no soil used as a substrate. Farmers can exercise strict control over when which fertilisers are used.

How to start a vertical farm

If you are looking to start a vertical farm, you need to first allocate space. You will need a space to put up the vertical structures where it has ample natural light, and where the structures can be safe from animals. People often want to put vertical gardens in warehouses and storerooms, but it is very costly to provide enough artificial lighting to try and make up for the lack of sunlight.

If you plan on adding ventilation to a greenhouse, temperature control systems or any other high tech additions, remember to consider access to electricity or solar power. If solar is your choice, take note the for every hectare of artificial lighting you may need up to five hectares of solar panels to provide enough electricity.

There also needs to be a space where you can add drainage so access water can drain from your vertical farm.

Next, you will need to look at the crops you would like to grow as this will determine  your growing method.

Structures for vertical farming:

Vertical wall gardens

Vertical wall gardens are one of the simplest and most cost-effective ways to start vertical farming in cities where you have walls, and limited horisontal space. You can use recycled materials such as old pallets, wooden crates, or plastic bottles as planting containers. These containers can be attached to a vertical frame or wall, creating a vertical garden. This method is excellent for growing herbs, small vegetables, and even certain fruits like strawberries.

Tower gardens

Tower gardens are vertical systems that allow plants to grow in stacked layers. PVC pipes can be used to create vertical planting towers. Plants are placed in holes drilled into the pipes, and a water and nutrient solution is circulated through the system. PVC pipes are relatively inexpensive and can be found at local hardware stores. Tower gardens are suitable for growing a variety of leafy greens and herbs.

Hanging gardens

Hanging gardens are an excellent option for small spaces. You can use hanging pots, recycled containers, or even fabric pouches attached to a frame or railing. These hanging containers can be filled with a lightweight growing medium and used for cultivating herbs, lettuce, and other compact crops. Hanging gardens utilise vertical space effectively and are relatively low-cost to set up.

Hydroponic systems

Hydroponic systems, where plants are grown in water without soil, can be affordable if you opt for a simple DIY setup. You can create a basic raft system using foam boards floating on a nutrient solution. Alternatively, a wick system, where a wick draws nutrient solution from a reservoir to the plants, is inexpensive and easy to set up. These DIY hydroponic systems are suitable for growing various vegetables and herbs.

Shelve system

As the name suggests, shelves are used to create rows of vertical gardens. Similar to wall- or hanging gardens, containers with substrate is used keep the plants in. Pots or trays are stacked on the shelves in a tray of water, or is connected to driplines that provide the plants with water.

A wall garden constructed with PVC pipe. (Source: Pixabay)

Planting a (vertical) garden and watching it grow

Some crops are not compatible with vertical systems – do not try to plant maize or pumpkins in this system. But there are still a multitude of other crops that can be used. Here are a few you can research:

  1. Herbs:

Herbs such as basil, cilantro, mint, thyme, and parsley are vital flavours that are in constant demand. They require relatively little space and grow well in vertical systems. Additionally, herbs are high-value crops because they have a quick turnover, allowing for multiple harvests throughout the year.

  1. Salad greens

Leafy greens like lettuce, spinach, arugula, and kale are popular choices for vertical farming. They are not only nutritious but also have a short growth cycle, making them ideal for continuous harvesting. Salad greens are versatile and are used in various culinary dishes, making them high in demand and a profitable choice for vertical farms.

  1. Microgreens

Microgreens are young edible plants harvested at an early stage. They are incredibly popular in high-end restaurants and farmer’s markets due to their intense flavour and high nutritional content. Microgreens can include varieties like radishes, mustard greens, and pea shoots. Despite their small size, microgreens are considered high-value crops because they can be sold at a premium price.

  1. Strawberries

Strawberries are a popular fruit that can be grown vertically in towers or hanging systems. They have a relatively high market price and are favoured by consumers for their sweetness and freshness. Vertical farming allows for efficient use of space, making it possible to grow a significant quantity of strawberries in a small area.

  1. Gourmet mushrooms

Gourmet mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms, shiitake, and maitake have gained popularity in culinary circles. They can be grown vertically in specially designed containers or shelves. Mushrooms have a relatively high market price, making them a profitable choice for vertical farms.

When choosing high-value crops for your vertical farming system, consider the local market demand, climate suitability, and your expertise in cultivating specific crops. Conduct market research and engage with local chefs, restaurants, and grocery stores to understand their requirements and preferences. By selecting the right combination of high-value crops, you can optimise your vertical farm’s profitability and contribute to the sustainable growth of your agricultural venture.

Shelves can also be used to create vertical gardens. (Source: Vecteezy)

For emerging farmers in sub-Saharan countries, vertical farming represents a pathway to overcome traditional agricultural challenges and create a more sustainable, efficient, and profitable farming enterprise. By harnessing the benefits of vertical farming, these farmers can contribute significantly to the local economy, local supply chain and food security.

J.M. and Marsh, J. (2022) How Africa can develop its own version of Vertical Farming, Agrilinks. Available at: https://agrilinks.org/post/how-africa-can-develop-its-own-version-vertical-farming

Vertical farming in Africa with Tower Farms (2022) Agrotonomy. Available at: https://agrotonomy.com/vertical-farming-in-africa-with-tower-farms/

Vertical Farming South Africa: 4 companies making a big impact (2022) Indoor Grow Farmer. Available at: https://indoorgrowfarmer.com/vertical-farming-south-africa/#:~:text=Vertical%20farming%20in%20South%20Africa,conditions%20to%20accommodate%20vertical%20farming.

B.Bugbee (2015) Why vertical farming won’t save the planet. www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISAKc9gpGjw&feature=youtu.be

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Low-maintenance temperate picks include Ficus benjamina, Areca palm, and Sansevieria.

Title:

Content: You are here: Home » Lifestyle » News
Business Standard

Are the plants in your house not growing? Tips to keep indoor flora alive

To check if a plant is a right fit for your region, look for its temperature tolerance and the ecosystem it belongs to

Topics
gardening | Indoor air pollution | Trees

Kanishka Gupta  |  New Delhi

American journalist and author Michael Pollan once asked himself while sowing rows: “Did I choose to plant these potatoes or did the potato make me do it?”

If you have read his ‘The Botany of Desire’, you would know what follows. But in case you haven’t, he goes on to elaborate that both the statements are true. Pollan calls humans 'bumblebees' – manipulated by plants into hauling their pollen from blossom to blossom.

This manipulation could be in the form of a pleasant fragrance, the ability to purify air, medicinal properties, edible fruits, et al.

What is worth noting here is how human interaction with plants has evolved over time. Lush green lawns with tall trees, bushes and a wide range of plants outside homes have now been replaced with small- or medium-sized indoor flora.

The pandemic, however, saw a larger number of human bumblebees sowing seeds. From coping with boredom, decorating newly created home-offices, to getting influenced by the social media green trends, people had different reasons for doing so.

However, despite buying quality plants, spending hours watching youtube tutorials, and investing in tools and appliances, many failed to sustain their indoor, green plants. Where did they go wrong, especially when there was no lack of effort?

The plant you fancy on an Instagram post by a friend who stays miles away may not be an ideal fit for your indoor green space.

To check if a plant is a right fit for your region, look for its temperature tolerance and the ecosystem it belongs to, says Swami Prem Parivartan, founder of Give Me Trust, one of the largest communities that plants and preserves in India.

For instance, Ficus benjamina, Areca palm, Sansevieria and certain hardy plants do well indoors in Delhi-NCR. Completely different vegetation will grow well in cities like Bengaluru and Chennai, where humidity is high.

Give Me Trust has facilitated the plantation and preservation of over 20 million trees during the past 44 years, with 16,000-plus volunteers working pan-India.

The popular perception that indoor plants don’t require air and sunlight is not true. They too need air and light and can’t thrive in a claustrophobic environment, Parivartan avers.

The room's carpet area, source of light, and ventilation need to be factored in while buying an indoor plant, he adds.

Popularly known as Peepal Baba, Parivartan has planted more than 12.5 million Peepal trees in India and is also working with the United States Forest Service.

Big trees with large leaves such as Peepal, Banyan, Jamun (Java Plum), Gular (cluster fig), Pilkhan (white fig), Gulmohar (Royal poinciana), Neem, Amaltas (Golden shower tree), and Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) are excellent purifiers, he recommends, therefore best fit for high pollution region of Delhi-NCR.

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First Published: Sun, April 10 2022. 08:47 IST
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Boston fern, Dracaena, and Anthurium add air cleaning and aesthetics in suitable light and humidity.

Title:

Content: Operates with the financial support of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation
Region
May 5, 16: 00
10 home plants to create a cozy jungle home without daily care
Creating an oasis at home is easy, even if you have very little time.
These ten plants will not only transform the interior, but will not require a lot of care.
Do you want to turn your home into a green paradise without putting in a lot of effort?
Choosing the right plants will help make the interior lively and cozy, not requiring then painstaking daily attention.
Life.ru collected ten plants that perfectly cope with this task: to please the eye and not take time.
1.
Aloe vera
Care for aloe vera: how to grow a healthy plant.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Aloe vera is a true champion of survival.
This drought-resistant succulent will not only decorate any corner, but also moisten the air, heal cuts or burns thanks to its juice.
Aloe loves light, but direct sunlight does not suit him.
It is necessary to water the plant rarely, allowing the soil to dry between watering.
2.
Amorphophallus (snake tree)
Snake tree: features of care and useful properties.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Amorphophallus, or snake tree, has an unusual appearance and endurance.
It can survive without water for several weeks, making this plant an ideal option for busy people.
This exotic handsome man not only decorates the house, but is also used in folk medicine.
The perfect choice for forgetful gardeners!
3.
Dracaena
Dracaena: the best tips for air care and cleaning.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Dracaena is a true air filter.
This plant helps cleanse the air of toxins such as benzene and formaldehyde, and does not require complex care.
Dracaena prefers moderate watering and places without direct sunlight.
4.
Anthurium
Anthurium: tropical decoration of your home.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Anthurium, thanks to its bright colors, creates a tropical atmosphere in the house.
It requires moderate watering and a place with diffused light.
Anthurium blooms all year round, making it an excellent choice for revitalizing any space.
5.
Boston fern (nephrolepis)
Boston fern: how to care and clean the air.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Boston fern, or nephrolepis, is not only beautiful, but also practical.
An ideal choice for those who can not devote much time to caring for plants.
This fern requires watering only once a month and copes with the task of cleaning the air.
6.
Tulasi (Holy Basil)
Tulasi: cultivation of sacred basil at home.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Tulasi, or sacred basil, not only looks beautiful, but also exudes a pleasant aroma that has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.
Basil is easy to grow, it requires a small amount of water, but it needs a lot of light!
7.
Chrysanthemums
Chrysanthemums in the house: care and benefits for air.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Chrysanthemums will not only decorate the house with their bright colors, but also help to clean the air from ammonia and other toxins.
They love light and require regular but moderate watering.
8.
Money tree (krassula)
Money Tree: Secrets of Care and Symbolism of Wealth.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
The money tree, or krassula, is considered a symbol of financial well-being.
It does not require frequent watering and grows well in bright light, periodically needing fertilizing.
And the plant will improve your financial well-being (at least, so they say).
9.
Calatea
Calathea: care, watering and creating a tropical climate.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Kalatea with its beautiful patterned leaves will decorate any corner.
She prefers humidity and shade, not requiring frequent watering, but it is definitely necessary to buy a spray gun: she likes regular spraying.
10.
Philodendron
Philodendron: how to improve sleep and clean the air in the bedroom.
Photo © Shutterstock / FOTODOM
Philodendron is an ideal choice for bedrooms due to its air-purifying properties.
It improves the quality of sleep and looks great in the interior, requiring minimal care.
Choosing these plants, you can easily create a corner of nature at home, which will please the eye and will not require much time for care.
It turns out that you will only have to enjoy the freshness and beauty of your green oasis every day!
Cover ©
Shutterstock / FOTODOM
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Bougainvillea and Passionflower like sun and warmth, while Agava tolerates heat and drought.

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Content: rus
� � � � � � � �
These five plants grow on the balcony and will survive if you go on vacation
Bilim Elena
If you love houseplants, but do not always have the time or the ability to water them regularly, there are many beautiful species that perfectly adapt to a dry climate and do not require frequent moistening.
These plants tend to have dense leaves, fleshy stems, or other features that allow them to retain moisture for a long time, writes Santeplusmag.
You will also be interested in: How to create a vertical garden on the balcony: tips of gardeners
Here are 5 great plant options for your balcony:
1.
Sansevieria (mother-in-law 's tongue, pike' s tail)
This hardy plant is known for its vertical, sharp leaves that come in different shades of green, yellow and gray.
Sansevieria tolerates drought perfectly, because its leaves serve as reservoirs for water.
A bright, indirect light suits her, but it can also survive in the shade.
Sansevieria should be watered only when the soil is completely dry.
2.
Bamboo
This exotic plant not only looks elegant, but also very unpretentious in care.
Bamboo can grow in pots on the balcony, where it will be enough 20 ° C of heat and protection from drafts.
Water bamboo should be moderately, giving the soil a little dry between watering.
3.
Succulents
This vast group of plants combines many species that have adapted to life in arid conditions.
Succulents have fleshy leaves or stems that store water.
They need well-drained soil and moderate watering – only when the soil is completely dry.
Succulents come in many shapes, sizes and colors, so you are sure to find the look you like.
4.
Agava
This ornamental plant with a rosette of spiny leaves is not only beautiful, but also resistant to heat and drought.
Agave can be left without watering for several days, even if you go on vacation.
She loves a sunny place, but can grow in partial shade.
Agave does not tolerate frost, so in winter it must be protected from the cold.
5.
Cactus
This classic choice for houseplant lovers is known for its stamina.
Cacti come in many shapes, sizes and colors, but they have one thing in common: they perfectly retain water in their fleshy stems.
In summer, cacti need minimal watering, and in winter they can be left almost without water.
These plants love sunlight, but they need to be protected from the hot midday sun.
With these unpretentious plants, you can create a beautiful and cozy corner on your balcony, without spending a lot of time and effort on care.
Earlier we reported why there should be pots with plants in the bedroom.
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Succulents such as trailing Sedum suit bright, low-water plantings with sparse watering.

Title:

Content: A fixture of boutiquey hotels and upmarket restaurants, a succulent wall brings the natural world spectacularly indoors. The good news is that they’re not as difficult as they look to create for the home – and the results are always unique.

What you need

Frame; trowel; plants.

The expert

Karl Mok is a design expert and consultant who has been working in the design industry for more than six years. Karl focuses on making design accessible, working at the intersection of architecture, interiors and branding while drawing inspiration from travelling and natural materials.

Step-by-step guide

Step 1

First, you need to determine where you want to install your succulent wall. You need to make sure the location receives enough light for your plants to thrive. South-facing walls are ideal but any with adequate light will work.

Step 2

You can use a variety of frames, including picture frames, shadow boxes, or even a pallet. I recommend choosing one that fits your aesthetic and the size of the wall you want to cover. Charity shops or second-hand stores can be great places to find unique frames that will really make your wall stand out.

Step 3

Once you have your frame, add a backing to hold the soil and plants. I suggest a breathable material, such as landscape fabric and then chicken wire to prevent the soil from falling out. Cut the material to the size of the frame and attach it at the back using a stapler.

Step 4

You then need to fill the frame with soil, making sure it is moist but not soaking wet. You can use a succulent-specific soil mix, or even create your own using equal parts of sand, perlite and potting soil.

Step 5

Now choose your succulents. I suggest selecting a wide variety in different shapes and sizes so you can mix and match them to create a unique and visually appealing display. I always recommend choosing plants that have similar light and watering requirements to make caring for them easier.

Step 6

Using a small trowel or your fingers, create small holes in the soil and insert the succulent roots. Gently pack the soil around the plants to secure them in place before affixing them to your wall. When it comes to caring for your succulent wall, water it sparingly, as succulents don’t like to be over-watered. I recommend using a spray bottle or a small watering can with a narrow spout to avoid getting the leaves too wet.

Top tips

1. Stay dry. Pick an area that gets enough light but don’t forget you also need to accommodate potential water damage. I recommend keeping your succulent wall away from furniture, such as sofas or chairs, and don’t hang it above carpets, which can become soggy and start to smell. While it won’t be a torrential downpour each time you water, popping down a small absorbent mat or towel for a few hours after will protect your floors and furniture.

2. Invest in the best. Good quality soil will help ensure your plants get all the nutrients they need to thrive on their wall garden journey, so take the time to look for the right stuff and don’t skimp. However, I don’t recommend scouring your compost bin as, given the soil won’t be turned over once it’s on the wall, this could make things pongy, so opt for enrichment that can be dissolved in water and sprayed on instead.

3. Go green or go home. You want to make sure you pick only the best succulents for your wall, so look for those with strong stems and bright green leaves when selecting which ones will make it on to your wall display. This means they are healthy and more likely to withstand being, literally, turned on their side.

4. Mix it up. Mixing up the shapes and sizes of your planters can make your succulent wall more dramatic and really cement it as a piece of living art. I recommend using trailing varieties like donkey’s tail (sedum morganianum) on the edges of frames to break up any harsh lines, and bright red lipstick echeveria (echeveria agavoides) to add some bright pops of colour.

5. Layer it on thick. Hanging planters at different levels can make your succulent wall look more dynamic than just having them flat against one another in rows or columns. Use shadow boxes, thicker frames, or add extra wood to the back of certain frames to create a clearly defined platform.

6. Accessorize, accessorize, accessorize. Adding hanging decorations such as wind chimes, birdhouses or suncatchers can add more visual interest and an extra layer of dimension and texture.

7. Spray it again. Water your wall only when necessary but don’t let things dry up either. If you’re savvy at DIY you could always install discreet self-watering pots so that everything stays nice and moist without needing constant attention from yourself. Otherwise, a light spray every couple of weeks will suffice but always keep a close eye and top up more if needed.

8. Pest project. Inspect your wall closely every few weeks, looking around stem joints where insects tend to hide so you can get rid of them before they spread. You should also watch out for signs of disease such as discolouration or wilting leaves, which might indicate root rot issues caused by over-watering, or burning from being too exposed to the sun.

9. Cut backs. The great thing about succulent walls is that, as they grow, your living art piece will evolve and get better – but to keep it looking its best, make sure to give it a trim once in a while. This includes removing dead leaves, thinning out any overgrown areas or replacing succulents that are struggling.

And finally… ENJOY! Don’t forget why you started this project in the first place. Make sure to spend time enjoying your little piece of nature, you deserve it.

Five common mistakes

1. Not researching beforehand. Make sure you are committed to this project, as well as the upkeep required, before jumping in. If you’re not sure, try looking after a small handful of succulents before committing to a whole wall.

2. Overwatering. Too much water can lead to root rot.

3. Not making it secure. It might seem simple but too often people underestimate how many fixtures or fittings they may need, leading to a pile of plants and dirt falling down on an unexpected visitor.

4. Over-planting. While you want to make a visual impact, cramming too many succulents in your frames can undermine their growth – and even make them more prone to rot.

5. Ugly planting. Don’t get stuck with a variety that makes you cringe. Living stones (lithops dorotheae), for instance, make people think of brains. Not so bad when the plant is small, but it can look unnerving the larger it gets.

Karl Mok is founder of Friends Studio, friendsstudio.co

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Prayer plants, pothos, and Sansevieria handle low to very low light.

In heavily polluted areas, strong air purifiers or plants like Peepal trees may still be needed.

Design and installation should address load-bearing, wind resistance, and waterproofing.

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Content: How to turn a roof into a garden – successfully

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How to turn a roof into a garden – successfully

By Megan Backhouse

To look at Andy Beales digging up Jerusalem artichokes and weeding around kale you wouldn’t think he was pushing boundaries. Like any sensible food grower he is shredding garden waste to speed up his composting and laying down straw to encourage worms. His shovel and wheelbarrow sit at the ready. But here’s the thing that I haven’t yet mentioned: he is on a roof – the roof of a suburban shopping centre, no less.

“It’s not like a normal farm where you can just whack in a star picket to make a climbing frame for your tomatoes,” Beales says. “If you want to bring in a cubic metre of compost, you’ve first got to think about the capacity of your goods lift.”

A normal farm this Burwood Brickworks rooftop might not be but it is a sign of what farms might yet become. As for what public parks might become, look no further than the manicured shrubs and timber day beds nestled in the sky between office towers in Collins Street. At the “Skypark”, the lawn is so green and so perfectly uniform that, when I visited this week, I had to touch it to check it was real.

Both these green roofs are mentioned in the new Maintenance Guidelines For Australian Green Roofs, which refocus our attention on an age-old idea that, after about a decade of active research, is starting to get a new foothold in Melbourne.

In the face of climate change, the biodiversity emergency and increasing urban density, green roofs can help make cities less destructive and more climate-resilient. They are cooling and biodiversity increasing. They reduce stormwater run-off, improve air quality and provide people with the pure pleasure of vegetation.

But only if they are well managed. Ignore them and they are doomed to failure. You might say this is true of every garden. But it is especially the case with landscapes on roofs, where almost nothing comes about by chance.

Green roofs are engineered “systems” with specially designed waterproofing, protection and drainage layers. The plants are growing in carefully concocted substrates applied at specific depths. The plants themselves are chosen to ensure they can cope with conditions off the ground.

The new maintenance guidelines, written by the University of Melbourne’s John Rayner, Elspeth Lumsden and Rachael Bathgate, detail how to manage all this in the local climate.

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They discuss the need for safe access, for ensuring all the different green roof layers remain intact and for managing effective irrigation and drainage. They emphasise the importance of understanding how plants – including weeds – behave differently on roofs compared to the ground.

Some of this is as simple as maintaining adequate substrate depth and not using hand tools with sharp points or edges that might pierce underlying layers. Some things – like cutting back plants that start to overly dominate – are similar to what you would do on the ground. But other tasks, such as removing woody weeds that develop potentially damaging taproots, can take on new urgency.

The key is to nail down how you will tend the roof from when it is first being designed, and then to stick to the schedule and also monitor the space regularly. While the guidelines, which can be downloaded for free, are largely aimed at those in planning, design, maintenance and management roles, they are relevant for anyone thinking about installing vegetation on the roof of their own home.

Although there have always been enthusiasts like Brod Street, who, about a decade ago conducted his own research and installed a beguiling grassland on top of his 1890s Hawthorn brick cottage – then added a successful “wetland” in 2019 and then a high-yielding vegetable patch on top of his backyard shed in January this year – there are lots of potential pitfalls for the uninitiated.

Even for the experienced some green roofs are easier to manage than others. The guidelines detail how much more care is required for the sort of productive roof currently being tended by Beales at the Burwood Brickworks, for example, compared with a lightweight, restricted-access one predominantly composed of low-growing succulents. To guarantee success, it’s crucial to tailor the maintenance plan to the site.

“There have been some really sad disasters around Melbourne,” Rayner says. “I am a fan of green roofs but I am a fan of successful green roofs. There is no point installing these things if they are not going to be sustained successfully. These are living landscapes that need maintenance planned into their design and management.”

Maintenance Guidelines For Australian Green Roofs can be downloaded for free from girg.science.unimelb.edu.au.

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Frames need breathable backing to prevent soil loss and water damage.

In tough climates or with limited upkeep, context-appropriate design and care are essential.

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Content: STOCK MARKET BSE NSE

Delhi: Vertical gardens drain crores, droop

Meanwhile, the RTI response also showed that the Corporation has not conducted any study about whether these gardens help in controlling pollution.

Published: 17th May 2022 08:02 AM  |   Last Updated: 17th May 2022 08:02 AM   |  A+A-

Express News Service

NEW DELHI:  The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has spent over Rs 5 crore from 2017 to 2022 on vertical gardens, the response to a Right to Information (RTI) Act query filed by an advocate revealed. Most of the vertical gardens have now dried up in the absence of due care.

The situation is especially bad in East Delhi. As per the RTI query filed by Siddhartha Malkania, the Municipal Corporation (East) spent more than Rs 1.51 crore on the plantation and management of seven vertical gardens in Shahdara zone, and most of them are in poor state. EMCD also installed a vertical garden for Rs 1.66 crore at a primary school in Mayur Vihar Pocket 4. When the Morning Standard visited this school, the garden was found in bad shape.

Meanwhile, the RTI response also showed that the Corporation has not conducted any study about whether these gardens help in controlling pollution. The Municipal Corporation (North) refused to provide the amount spent on vertical gardens but stated that it has installed 27 of them. “This information is voluminous and is readily not available,” the NDMC said in response.

The Municipal Corporation (South) fared better, with the gardens found in healthier conditions. A total of 10 vertical gardens have been installed by the corporation since 2017, at a cost of more than `2.40 crore. The civic body said that though the life of these vertical gardens has expired, 70 percent greenery still exists.

According to Vikrant Tongad, founder, Social Action for Forest and Environment, these types of gardens are not suitable for Indian weather and instead add to plastic pollution. “We opposed it with strong reasons. The weather in Delhi NCR doesn’t support vertical gardens,” Tongad said. “It is successful in European countries. They look visually appealing here but have no environmental value. The carrier is plastic, which releases more pollutant gases and is carcinogenic.”

Tongad added that people also pilfer the plastic boxes in which the plants are grown. “Many cases of the plants being stolen have been reported. This is wastage of public money,” he said. The Morning Standard tried to get in touch with the EDMC and NDMC officials, but got no response.

South civic body fares better than others
The Municipal Corporation (South) fared better, with the gardens found in healthier conditions. A total of 10 vertical gardens were installed, at a cost of more than Rs 2.40 crore.

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