Saharan dust is lofted from the Sahara and carried west by trade winds across the Atlantic into the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and the United States, including Texas.

About 180 million tons of Saharan dust cross the Atlantic from late spring to early fall each year, frequently giving Texas skies a milky haze and orange horizons at sunrise and sunset.

Saharan dust intrusions to South Texas typically peak from late June to mid‑August, with heavy or moderate dust sometimes reaching the Gulf Coast and San Antonio.

Immediate weather effects with Saharan dust typically include hotter, drier conditions with suppressed rainfall chances and hazy skies.

The Saharan Air Layer is very dry (about 50% less moisture than the typical atmosphere), which reduces thunderstorm activity and tropical cyclone formation.

Saharan dust can quiet the tropics for five to seven days, lowering rain chances and influencing regional weather into the following week.

These dust events can also modestly worsen air quality by adding fine particulate matter (PM2.5), contributing to hazy conditions across eastern North America.

In San Antonio and South Texas, dust episodes can produce hazy skies and minor allergy‑like symptoms during late spring through summer.

Negative public‑health impacts include increased asthma attacks, allergy symptoms (itchy eyes, runny nose, wheezing), and exacerbations of COPD.

Since the 1970s, Saharan dust plumes have been linked to a 17‑fold increase in asthma incidence in the Caribbean, with Barbados reporting asthma in 20% of the population.

Dust particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, contributing to cardiovascular inflammation and events.

Saharan dust carries PM2.5 as well as microbes (bacteria and fungi) and other components like iron and silica, which can aggravate respiratory and skin problems.

Warming climate conditions are projected to increase naturally sourced PM2.5 from Saharan dust, with a 14% increase in air pollution under a 4°C rise, affecting Africa, the Caribbean, and the eastern United States.

Health authorities recommend staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, and using air purifiers or air conditioning to improve indoor air quality during heavy dust days.

Wearing particle‑retaining or medical masks outdoors can reduce inhalation of fine particles, particularly for people with asthma, COPD, heart disease, children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised.

Local dust warning systems have been proposed and implemented in some regions to help people with respiratory conditions prepare before dust arrives.

Saharan dust can reduce solar power output significantly by soiling PV panels and attenuating sunlight, with small amounts of dust cutting irradiance by about 15% and severe events reducing production by up to 80%.

Dust particles from the Sahara are very fine and hard to clean, raising O&M costs and complicating restoration of optimal PV performance.

Forecasting and proactive scheduling of panel cleaning around “dirty weather” can mitigate output losses, while heavy rain events can sometimes provide natural cleaning.

Emerging dust‑mitigation technologies include electrodynamic self‑cleaning systems and anti‑dust PV module designs that reduce dust accumulation.

Commercial modules with anti‑dust features and frame designs that shed dust can be considered to harden solar assets against recurrent dust events.

On the distribution side, dry dust and contamination can increase the risk of pole‑top tracking and fires, making targeted cleaning of insulators and equipment a useful preventive measure.

Traffic risks rise during dust events due to reduced visibility and strong winds, which have been associated with accidents, road blockages, and temporary closures in affected regions.

Driver safety measures recommended during dust include using headlights, maintaining low speeds, avoiding sudden stops, and increasing following distance.

Transportation agencies have effectively used variable message signs, patrols, and rapid maintenance response to manage visibility hazards and keep networks operational during dust events.

Operational examples include deploying road‑clearing equipment, intensifying traffic patrols, and temporarily closing sections until visibility and debris conditions improve.

Beyond the immediate hazards, Saharan dust has ecological and climate side effects that matter for planning and public communication.

Positive impacts include delivering nutrients such as iron and phosphorus that fertilize the Amazon and stimulate ocean productivity (algae and phytoplankton).

Saharan dust also reflects sunlight and can cool the surface, and the dry Saharan Air Layer can reduce Atlantic hurricane formation by up to 50%. [8].

Negative environmental impacts include potential smothering of coral reefs and harms to crops in the Caribbean and parts of the Americas during heavy deposition. [2].

Areas of the Americas frequently affected include the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Texas, and portions of the eastern United States and North America. [2][5][9].

In Central Florida, for example, Saharan dust episodes have brought hotter, drier conditions with lower rain chances and extended hazy periods.

In Texas, Saharan dust commonly produces a milky daytime sky and orange horizons, with dry air that suppresses storm formation during intrusions.

Preparedness and response actions for San Antonio should integrate public health, energy operations, and mobility management.

Public health agencies can activate alert status ahead of arrivals, pre‑position masks and respiratory supplies, and communicate self‑protection steps to vulnerable groups.

Hospital and EMS readiness can include staffing surge plans and ensuring adequate supplies for asthma and allergy patients during high‑dust days.

City messaging should urge residents to stay indoors during peak dust, close windows and doors, use air purifiers or AC, limit outdoor exertion, and hydrate.

For those who must be outside, recommend particle‑retaining or medical masks and eye protection to reduce exposure and irritation. [11].

Transportation departments can pre‑plan for low‑visibility operations using variable message signs, targeted speed management, and patrols, and be ready for temporary closures if visibility deteriorates.

Public advisories should reinforce safe‑driving practices during dust, including lights on, slower speeds, and greater following distances.

Electric utilities and solar operators can use dust forecasts to schedule cleaning, adjust output expectations, and deploy or trial anti‑dust technologies on critical arrays. [12].

Utilities can also inspect and clean insulators in high‑risk areas to reduce pole‑top fires associated with dust and contamination.

Implementing or leveraging regional dust early‑warning tools such as SDS‑WAS products can improve lead time for citywide coordination and targeted alerts.

In summary, for San Antonio the near‑term effects of Saharan dust are likely to be hazy skies, hotter and drier weather with reduced rain chances, suppressed storm activity, and degraded air quality that most affects people with respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. [1][5].

Coordinated public‑health communication, traffic safety measures, and energy‑sector operations—guided by dust forecasts—are the most effective preparations to mitigate impacts during these episodic intrusions. [12][20].

Saharan dust is lofted from the Sahara and carried west by trade winds across the Atlantic into the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and the United States, including Texas.

Title:

Content: Havana, Cuba.- Cubans are entering the final days of July with a forecast of high temperatures, accompanied by little rain throughout the national territory.

In recent days, the heat punished the inhabitants of the Caribbean island, where through the Institute of Meteorology it was learned that in 38 of the 68 stations subordinate to the scientific entity, temperatures above 34 Celsius degrees were reported.

Meanwhile, the nightly broadcast of the National Television Newscast specified that in the eastern territory of Granma 39°C were registered on Saturday.

Behind it, the most overwhelmed towns were Colón in the western province of Matanzas with 37.2 °C; and Bainoa, in the also western province of Mayabeque, with 36.5 °C; while in the capital the thermometers marked 36 °C.

Days prior to the establishment of these temperature records for the current month, the Institute of Meteorology warned about the arrival of a cloud of dust from the Sahara on the island.

The experts explained that this phenomenon would cause a new decrease in rainfall and would maintain the feeling of great heat.

These clouds contain iron, silica, fungi, bacteria, viruses, various pathogenic mites, among other elements. They can cause acute respiratory diseases, allergies and skin problems.

Dust from the Sahara affects coral reefs, and fruit, rice, sugar cane, bean and other crops. It is caused by storms that occurred in the Sahara desert, coming out of the African continent.

It moves over the freshest and most humid marine air, and joining the flow of the trade winds, it quickly reaches the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

About 180 million tons of Saharan dust cross the Atlantic from late spring to early fall each year, frequently giving Texas skies a milky haze and orange horizons at sunrise and sunset.

Title:

Content: Hurricane Killer? Here are some things you may not know about Saharan dust

Dust from Africa moves across the Atlantic every year from late spring to early fall

It’s a common visitor in the summer months: dust from the Saharan Desert. Hazy skies and occasional allergies are common issues caused by the dust. But did you know that this layer of dust is more interesting than it appears? Here are some things you may not know about Saharan dust:

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Millions of tons of dust are transported across the Atlantic every year
  • Nutrient-rich Saharan dust plays a crucial role in the global ecosystem
  • Dust suppresses hurricane development

WHOLE LOTTA DUST!

Every year, from late spring to early fall, trade winds transport 180 million tons of dust from the Saharan Desert across the Atlantic Ocean. Impressively, that’s as much as 4.5 million 18-wheelers full of dust!

NATURE’S BEST FRIEND

Saharan dust is often rich in nutrients like iron and phosphorus. As the dust settles over the ocean, it fertilizes algae and plankton, allowing them to grow and flourish in an otherwise barren environment. These organisms are vital sources of food for ocean life.

Similarly, as the dust settles over land, areas like the Amazon rainforest benefit from the extra nutrients.

HURRICANE EXTINGUISHER

The African dust that moves across the Atlantic Ocean is also called the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). The SAL occurs in waves at the same time as Atlantic hurricane season, from June through November.

It’s known that the SAL limits hurricane development and strength. This is because tropical storms like hurricanes need deep, rich moisture from the surface to the top of the atmosphere to survive. Since the air carrying Saharan dust is usually dry, it can prevent storms from forming and suppress existing storms from growing and strengthening.

DUST’S IMPACT ON TEXAS

While a dense plume of dust sometimes causes minor allergy-like symptoms for some, the most noticeable impact is on Texas skies. A haze often forms on the horizon, giving an ordinarily clear, blue sky a milky hue during the day.

At sunrise and sunset, the horizon can appear brilliantly orange because, with dust in the air, sunlight has more particles to bounce off.

About the Author

Sarah Spivey is a San Antonio native who grew up watching KSAT. She has been a proud member of the KSAT Weather Authority Team since 2017. Sarah is a Clark High School and Texas A&M University graduate. She previously worked at KTEN News. When Sarah is not busy forecasting, she enjoys hanging out with her husband and cat, and playing music.

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How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

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What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Saharan dust intrusions to South Texas typically peak from late June to mid‑August, with heavy or moderate dust sometimes reaching the Gulf Coast and San Antonio.

Title:

Content: Breaking News
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San Antonians may want to stay indoors next week. Here's why.

A noticeable change in the air will arrive to the Alamo City next week.

SAN ANTONIO — San Antonio skies could look quite different next week but not in the way we're hoping for.

As San Antonians eagerly wait for rain to break our triple-digit temperatures another common occurrence will pick-up next week known as Saharan dust.

The dust is a combination of sand and dust traveling from North Africa across the Atlantic that peaking in late June through mid-August.

Light amounts of Saharan dust have arrived to the Alamo City this past week but will become more noticeable. Therefore, if you have asthma, COPD or any other type of respiratory illness you will want to stay indoors as much as possible during this time.

Timing of Saharan dust:

Monday - Little changes will be in the forecast as heavier amounts of dust remain over the gulf coast.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

Tuesday - A large moderate level of Saharan dust will move into South Texas and San Antonio by late afternoon. San Antonians may notice hazy skies and trouble breathing if you're more sensitive to dusty air. But the dust doesn't stop here.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

Wednesday - By mid-week Saharan dust ramps up continuing to build and push farther north stretching to the Dallas area. The continuing flow of the dust is partly due to a high pressure bringing a southeasterly flow to help pump the dust toward South Texas.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

Thursday - As the week progresses dust levels continue to rise and could affect air quality levels. For those with any respiratory illnesses they should avoid outdoor activity including vigorous exercise. Also try to keep windows and doors closed. We will continue to monitor this development next week.

Credit: KENS 5 Weather

As dust increases across the area, San Antonians will notice more vibrant sunrises and sunsets. However, during the afternoons the sky appears a more milky white color.

Before You Leave, Check This Out

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Immediate weather effects with Saharan dust typically include hotter, drier conditions with suppressed rainfall chances and hazy skies.

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Content: Advertisement
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Saharan dust brings hot and dry weather to Central Florida on Sunday

Saharan dust brings temperatures above average and dry conditions across Central Florida on Sunday.

“So you probably heard about the Saharan dust that’s been making for those hazy sunrises and sunsets here in the past few days,” Meteorologist Chris Gilson said. “It’s also been leading to those lower rain chances allowing our temperatures to heat up into the mid nineties.”

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Sunday’s high is 96 with a low of 75 and only a 10% chance of rain across Central Florida.

“A spot shower storm will be possible today but notice we’re seeing the reds and oranges, that’s all that dry air due in part to that Saharan dust that hangs around with us for today,” Gilson said.

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The Saharan dust sticks around into early next week as the dry air and slim rain chances continue.

The dust is helping keep the tropics quiet for the next five to seven days, but we still have a long way to go until the peak of Hurricane season in September.

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How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

lowers rain chances
increases temperature
makes the sky hazy

The Saharan Air Layer is very dry (about 50% less moisture than the typical atmosphere), which reduces thunderstorm activity and tropical cyclone formation.

Title:

Content: Saharan dust reaches stunning levels in Atlantic. Here's what that means for hurricane season

Significant Saharan dust plumes are common in the Atlantic during the start of hurricane season. If levels of SAL maintain a steadiness after about Aug. 20, then there would be significant ramifications to both the amount of cyclones and their overall strength.

First, Europe that was socked in by record levels of dust from the Sahara Desert in Africa. The Atlantic appears to have now taken the lead, with dust levels not seen in years across parts of the basin.

Satellite measurements indicate intensive plumes of dust, called the Saharan Air Layer, across much of the eastern Atlantic. Traces of dust have even made the more than 4,000-mile journey to Florida and the Gulf Coast.

Sunrises and sunsets have been enhanced across the Sunshine State as the particles scatter typical colors, allowing hues of orange, yellow and red to dominate the sky.

Aside from the vibrant colors, something not falling from the sky is precipitation.

According to NOAA, the air surrounding the SAL has about 50% less moisture than the typical atmosphere. This means the presence of the SAL can be detrimental to cloud formation and thunderstorm activity.

Significant plumes of dust and dry air are common during the first months of the hurricane season and usually persist through mid-August.

A LOOK AT A PHENOMENON THAT COULD DERAIL AN ACTIVE HURRICANE SEASON

How Saharan dust impacts hurricane season

NOAA estimates that more than 180 million tons of dust leave the African continent every year, reducing thunderstorm activity and tropical cyclone formation.

Dry air and Saharan dust are perennial wild cards in tropical weather outlooks, as meteorology has yet to develop sufficient methods to forecast plumes weeks and months in advance.

Years with significant dust often experience reduced cyclone activity. Seasons with minimal dust typically rank at the top echelons of activity, thanks to increased moisture availability for tropical systems and warmer water temperatures.

The current season is a bit unusual as water temperatures started on the warm side across much of the basin, negating any minor effects from a dust storm.

Warm waters and limited exposure to dry air helped with the formations of AlbertoBeryl and Chris during late June and early July.

Since Beryl’s historic trek through the Caribbean and into the Gulf of Mexico, the basin has been relatively quiet, a likely product of the increase in dry air.

The trend for limited activity in the Atlantic basin is expected to continue for the foreseeable future, meaning that the next cyclone formation may be weeks away.

5 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT THE SAHARAN DUST PLUME

During an average year, the fourth-named storm usually doesn’t form until about Aug. 15, meaning any formation during the next month will keep the season ahead of a typical schedule.

Despite the hostile conditions in the Atlantic, hurricane forecasters at Colorado State University maintain that 2024 will be a busy season in the Atlantic.

CSU released its updated outlook Tuesday, which calls for an additional 22 named storms, 11 hurricanes and five major hurricanes.

"This forecast is of above-normal confidence. We anticipate a well above-average probability for major hurricane landfalls along the continental United States coastline and in the Caribbean," CSU forecasters stated during their most recent tropical update. "As with all hurricane seasons, coastal residents are reminded that it only takes one hurricane making landfall to make it an active season."

The season runs through Nov. 30, but nearly 60% of cyclone formation occurs in August and September.

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How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

Saharan dust can quiet the tropics for five to seven days, lowering rain chances and influencing regional weather into the following week.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

These dust events can also modestly worsen air quality by adding fine particulate matter (PM2.5), contributing to hazy conditions across eastern North America.

Title:

Content:
Breathing is going to get tougher as hotter temps mean more air pollution, says study

Not all pollution comes from people. When global temperatures increase by 4°C, harmful plant emissions and dust will also increase by as much as 14%, according to new UC Riverside research.

The research does not account for a simultaneous increase in human-made sources of air , which has already been predicted by other studies.

"We are not looking at human emissions of air pollution, because we can change what we emit," said James Gomez, UCR doctoral student and lead author of the study. "We can switch to electric cars. But that may not change air pollution from plants or dust."

Details of the degradation in future air quality from these have now been published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment. About two-thirds of the future pollution is predicted to come from plants.

All plants produce chemicals called biogenic volatile organic compounds, or BVOCs. "The smell of a just-mowed lawn, or the sweetness of a ripe strawberry, those are BVOCs. Plants are constantly emitting them," Gomez said.

On their own, BVOCs are benign. However, once they react with oxygen, they produce . As they're inhaled, these aerosols can cause and childhood asthma, as well as heart disease and lung cancer in adults.

There are two reasons plants increase BVOC production: increases in and increases in temperatures. Both of these factors are projected to continue increasing.

To be clear, growing plants is a net positive for the environment. They reduce the amount of in the atmosphere, which helps control global warming. BVOCs from small gardens will not harm people.

"Your lawn, for example, won't produce enough BVOCs to make you sick," Gomez explained. "It's the large-scale increase in carbon dioxide that contributes to the biosphere increasing BVOCs, and then organic aerosols."

The second-largest contributor to future air pollution is likely to be dust from the Saharan desert. "In our models, an increase in winds is projected to loft more dust into the atmosphere," said Robert Allen, associate professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at UCR and co-author of the study.

As the climate warms, increased Saharan dust is likely to get blown around the globe, with higher levels of dust in Africa, the eastern U.S., and the Caribbean. Dust over Northern Africa, including the Sahel and the Sahara, is likely to increase due to more intense West African monsoons.

Both organic aerosols and , as well as sea salt, , and sulfate, fall into a category of airborne pollutants known as PM2.5, because they have a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. The increase in naturally sourced PM2.5 pollution increased, in this study, in direct proportion to CO2 levels.

"The more we increase CO2, the more PM2.5 we see being put into the atmosphere, and the inverse is also true. The more we reduce, the better the air quality gets," Gomez said.

For example, if the climate warms only 2°C, the study found only a 7% increase in PM2.5. All of these results only apply to changes found in air quality over land, as the study is focused on human health impacts.

The researchers hope the potential to improve air quality will inspire swift and decisive action to decrease CO2 emissions. Without it, temperatures may increase 4°C by the end of this century, though it's possible for the increase to happen sooner.

Gomez warns that CO2 emissions will have to decrease sharply to have a positive effect on future air quality.

"The results of this experiment may even be a bit conservative because we did not include climate-dependent changes in wildfire emissions as a factor," Gomez said. "In the future, make sure you get an air purifier."

More information: James Gomez et al, The projected future degradation in air quality is caused by more abundant natural aerosols in a warmer world, Communications Earth & Environment (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00688-7

Citation: Breathing is going to get tougher as hotter temps mean more air pollution, says study (2023, February 28) retrieved 28 February 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-02-tougher-hotter-temps-air-pollution.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

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How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

In San Antonio and South Texas, dust episodes can produce hazy skies and minor allergy‑like symptoms during late spring through summer.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Negative public‑health impacts include increased asthma attacks, allergy symptoms (itchy eyes, runny nose, wheezing), and exacerbations of COPD.

Title:

Content: Older Barbadians being diagnosed with asthma Loop Barbados

The content originally appeared on: Barbados News

Head of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital’s Respiratory Unit, Dr Dawn Alleyne, says more Barbadians are being diagnosed with asthma later in life, in their 40s and 50s.

Dr Alleyne, who is a Pulmonologist/Intensivist and Head of the Department of Medicine at the hospital, said the incidence of asthma in the Caribbean, including Barbados, had increased 17-fold since the 1970s. She added these trends are correlated with the increase in Sahara dust plumes and the frequency of the dust in the atmosphere.

She further noted that about 20 per cent of the local population had asthma. This meant the condition was quite common.

Due to climate change, dust events have been increasing. The dust, which traditionally visits from June to August, is now being seen in March or April.

The Pulmonologist/Intensivist said traditionally in Barbados, persons presented with asthma in childhood and either grew out of it as they got older, or lived with it as adults. However, this has changed.

“On a day-to-day basis when we conduct clinics, either [in my private practice] or at the hospital, I meet lots of people with severe lung diseases of all types, especially people with asthma. And several of my asthmatic patients have recorded quite clearly in their diaries that they’ve had challenges when we get the situations where we have cars covered in grey dust. Generally, those are the heavy Sahara dust days.

“A lot of the patients are now having to reach for their rescue inhalers, the Ventolin and Berotec inhalers because the asthma condition which generally has been stable, seems to deteriorate during the periods of times when we have lots of dust in the atmosphere,” Dr Alleyne stated.

The respiratory expert shared that persons usually presented with a gamut of symptoms when dust events occurred. These include itchy eyes, runny nose, soreness of the throat, coughing, especially at night, and wheezing.

Those who have chronic lung diseases, such as interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive lung disease, also complain of increase in shortness of breath on the days in which there is a heavy dust cover,” she said.

She added that people who are not asthmatics should pay close attention to symptoms, such as chest tightness, when there is exertion, allergic rhinitis, eczema, snoring at night or allergic conjunctivitis. These persons could have an increased risk of developing asthma, she stated.

Dr Alleyne noted the situation was not unique to Barbados but could be seen across the world wherever the Sahara dust is being disseminated.

“So, you look at studies from Spain, Italy, the United States, and the French Caribbean. Throughout these areas, people are reporting an increased incidence of Sahara dust plumes, increased incidence of deterioration of asthma control, and patients are being hospitalised for not only respiratory illnesses, but also cardiovascular illnesses. So, the Sahara dust situation really is one that we really need to look at, not just as a hazy day and a sunset that’s not quite clear but really the impact that it is having on health in general, and we need to take it quite seriously.”

In the case of cardiovascular diseases, she said research show that the dust seems to affect the cardiovascular system adversely.

She explained that while larger dust particles are usually deposited pretty high in a person’s airway, causing sneezing and coughing, the smaller ones had the potential to enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation, which can be a precursor to cardiovascular events.

Dr Alleyne also suggested that Barbados implement a Sahara dust warning system, much like the one that exists in Trinidad, where they give accurate accounts of the air quality index. She said it could help people with respiratory conditions prepare and protect themselves better.

“So, I’m hopeful that in the future, we’ll be able to get something that tells us these are the exact numbers and to give warnings to specific categories of people. I think that will be very helpful,” the Pulmonologist/Intensivist stated.

SOURCE: Barbados Government Information Service (GIS).

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Since the 1970s, Saharan dust plumes have been linked to a 17‑fold increase in asthma incidence in the Caribbean, with Barbados reporting asthma in 20% of the population.

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Dust particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, contributing to cardiovascular inflammation and events.

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

respiratory issues
cardiovascular diseases

Saharan dust carries PM2.5 as well as microbes (bacteria and fungi) and other components like iron and silica, which can aggravate respiratory and skin problems.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

Warming climate conditions are projected to increase naturally sourced PM2.5 from Saharan dust, with a 14% increase in air pollution under a 4°C rise, affecting Africa, the Caribbean, and the eastern United States.

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Health authorities recommend staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, and using air purifiers or air conditioning to improve indoor air quality during heavy dust days.

Title:

Content: CA WFO PHOENIX Warnings, Watches, and Advisories

WFO PHOENIX Warnings, Watches and Advisories for Wednesday, November 16, 2022

_____

AIR QUALITY ALERT

Air Quality Alert Message

Relayed by National Weather Service Phoenix AZ

529 PM MST Tue Nov 15 2022

...AIR QUALITY ALERT DUE TO ELEVATED PARTICULATE MATTER LEVELS FROM

WINDBLOWN DUST...

The South Coast AQMD has issued an air quality alert due to

increased particulate matter from blowing dust. The air quality

alert is in effect 8PM PST Tuesday through 10PM PST Wednesday.

In areas directly impacted by high levels of windblown dust, limit

your exposure by remaining indoors with windows and doors closed and

avoiding vigorous physical activity. Run your air conditioner or an

air purifier. If temperatures allow, avoid using whole house fans or

swamp coolers that bring in outside air.

Exposure to high particle pollution levels can cause serious health

problems, including asthma attacks, heart and lung disease symptoms,

and increased risk of respiratory infections. People with heart or

lung diseases should follow their doctor's advice for dealing with

episodes of unhealthy air quality. Children, older adults, and

people with respiratory or heart disease should avoid prolonged

exposure and strenuous activities when particle pollution levels are

high.

To help minimize outdoor particulate levels:

• Carpool, telecommute, reduce trips, or take public transportation

• Slow down if driving on dirt roads

• Stabilize loose soils

Levels of particulate matter can vary hour by hour and by location

depending on wind conditions.

In the Inland Empire, Coachella Valley and eastern Riverside County,

to view current and forecasted air quality levels, visit the South

Coast Air Quality Management District website at aqmd.gov or

download the mobile app at www.aqmd.gov/mobileapp. Additional

details for this air quality alert may be available at

www.aqmd.gov/advisory.

In San Bernardino County and the far eastern portion of Riverside

County, to view current and forecasted air quality levels, visit the

Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District website at

mdaqmd.ca.gov.  Additional details for this air quality alert may be

available at www.mdaqmd.ca.gov/advisories.

To view current and forecast air quality within Imperial County

visit the Imperial County Air Quality website at

http://www.imperialvalleyair.org/ or follow ICAPCD on Twitter,

facebook or Instagram (@county_air).

_____

Copyright 2022 AccuWeather

How can people protect their health during Saharan dust storms?

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

Wearing particle‑retaining or medical masks outdoors can reduce inhalation of fine particles, particularly for people with asthma, COPD, heart disease, children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised.

Title:

Content: Dust storm from Sahara to hit Türkiye

Dust storm from Sahara to hit Türkiye

İZMİR

A massive dust storm from the Sahara Desert is expected to shroud the country, with experts warning citizens, especially those with respiratory disorders, to take precautions.

Professor Dr. Doğan Yaşar, a climate scientist, cautioned that a period of intense dust transport will begin on March 25.

"Red-colored desert dust laden with iron particles will arrive in large quantities," he explained.

"While this dust fertilizes the soil and benefits agriculture, it can also trigger allergy symptoms like dry cough and sneezing, especially for people with asthma or other lung conditions,” he said.

Yaşar emphasized the importance of wearing masks during this period. "People with lung diseases should wear a particle-retaining mask for three weeks, if possible," he advised. "Regular masks can offer some protection as well."

"A single pine tree produces 12 billion pollen. Thus, during this period, pollen multiplies very intensively in the air. When we inhale this, we experience discomfort. It is especially dangerous for people with lung diseases such as asthma," he added.

The dust storm is a natural phenomenon that occurs annually, transporting around two billion tons of dust from the Sahara to various parts of the world. The professor highlighted the ecological benefits of this dust, which acts as a natural fertilizer. However, he cautions that the concentrated dust can irritate airways and exacerbate allergies.

While the dust storm may cause temporary inconveniences, Yaşar reassured citizens that there's no need for alarm.

"The dust benefits agriculture, but it's important to be aware of the potential health risks, especially for those with respiratory problems," he concluded.

dust storms, Türkiye,

How can people protect their health during Saharan dust storms?

Local dust warning systems have been proposed and implemented in some regions to help people with respiratory conditions prepare before dust arrives.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Saharan dust can reduce solar power output significantly by soiling PV panels and attenuating sunlight, with small amounts of dust cutting irradiance by about 15% and severe events reducing production by up to 80%.

Title:

Content: EventsPodcast
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Research shows that dust storms coming from the Sahara Desert can severely damage solar energy production.
So, what can be done to better manage this problem?
Climate Now reports from Andalusia on efforts to beat the dust.
Announcement
On this month ’ s episode of Climate Now, we set out to southern Spain to report on the growing problem of Sahara dust, which has a significant impact on solar power generation.
Our visit to southern Spain comes as the Copernicus Climate Change Authority announced that we have seen the highest ever recorded temperature for May 2024, registering a temperature rise of 0.65 ° C above the 1991-2020 average.
This is the 12th consecutive month with the highest recorded temperature for the month in question.
In May 2024, we witnessed extreme weather conditions in many areas.
Floods in Brazil have displaced more than half a million people, temperatures in the Delhi region of India hit 49.9 degrees Celsius, its highest recorded to date, and Finland issued a heatwave warning of temperatures rising to more than 27 degrees Celsius.
In Europe, heavy rains led to flooding in southwestern Germany, Belgium, and northern Italy.
Massive losses in solar power generation due to Sahara dust
The dust of the Sahara Desert in Europe is famous for turning its skies orange, which reduces air quality and leaves a fine layer of dust on the roofs of homes and cars.
On the other hand, it causes another growing problem known as “dirty ” solar cells.
At Gianni University in Andalusia, we met with Dr. Eduardo Fernández and Professor Florencia Almonacid, who were among the authors of a recent paper that found that the severe dirt on the panels in March 2022 reduced solar capacity by up to 80 percent.
Dr Fernandez told Euronews: “It felt like we were on Mars where everything turned red. ”
March 2022 saw extreme weather, but even small amounts of dust could reduce the amount of sunlight reaching solar cells by 15%, and with the rapid growth of solar energy in Europe, losses from dirt could account for billions of euros a year.
Therefore, the research team at Jian University is using photovoltaic laboratories to find solutions.
Some scientists focus on developing dust-resistant layers, while others look at how dust accumulates with different weather conditions, such as high and low temperatures, and low rainfall.
There are many variables that need to be taken into account.
For example, dust grains may be of different sizes or colors, and can affect how well solar panel installations perform.
Even design elements make a difference, such as whether a painting is frameless or has a solid lip around its tip.
Professor Almonacid says that Sahara dust is particularly problematic: "Sahara dust particles are very fine.
It ’ s especially hard to clean. ”
The Cost and Benefit Dilemma of Solar Panel Cleaning
Renewable energy company Sonnedix faces the grime challenge every day, monitoring production from each solar power generation site and carefully calculating when cleaning PV panels is commercially feasible.
The cost of cleaning is considerable – around €400-500 per megawatt – so there are difficult choices to make depending on how the power plant is priced.
Joanne Fernandez, chief operating officer of the company, told Euronews: “As you generate electricity, every kilowatt-hour is important for the plant ’ s revenue, so this dust weather has a big impact. ”
He is now working with meteorologists to help plan cleaning sessions according to dirt weather conditions, and the amount of rainfall, as light spray may increase the soiling of the panels, and heavy rain may wash them away for free.
“Severe dust storms coming from the Sahara desert could actually lead to a significant reduction in production within the network, and this could cause a significant problem for the network operator, ” he explains.
“So forecasting, forecasting, and the ability to proactively manage the network is the most important, ” he says.
Announcement
Have dust storms from the Sahara increased due to climate change?
The recent increase in dust storms coming from the Sahara desert could be the result of natural climate variability, or it could be caused by something else.
A spokesman for the Copernicus Meteorological Authority told Euronews: “Although the arrival of dust plumes from the Sahara to Europe is not unusual, there has been an increase in the intensity and frequency of such weather conditions in recent years, and may be attributed to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. ”
There is some speculation that these changes in atmospheric air circulation patterns are linked to climate change.
Dust expert Dr. Eduardo Fernandez says: “Scientists are always cautious about drawing conclusions, and that should be the case, right? ”
“But what we ’ re seeing is that there ’ s been a dramatic increase in extreme weather conditions, not just in terms of slabs getting dirty, but also in terms of rainfall and wind blowing.
“We are recording more dust storms coming from the Sahara, and they are increasingly penetrating into larger areas in northern Europe, and there is, of course, suspicion that global warming is the cause, ” he concludes.
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What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Dust particles from the Sahara are very fine and hard to clean, raising O&M costs and complicating restoration of optimal PV performance.

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Forecasting and proactive scheduling of panel cleaning around “dirty weather” can mitigate output losses, while heavy rain events can sometimes provide natural cleaning.

Emerging dust‑mitigation technologies include electrodynamic self‑cleaning systems and anti‑dust PV module designs that reduce dust accumulation.

Title:

Content: ‘Footstep tech’ for solar module cleaning

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Scientists from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) have used a triboelectric generator (TENG) to develop a cleaning system for PV modules.

TENGs can convert mechanical energy into electricity through friction between different materials. They recently attracted significant attention due to their high instantaneous output power, the broad availability of materials, the sustainable and cheap fabrication process, and the different working modes they offer, depending on the applications.

The cleaning system combines the TENG with an electrodynamic dust shield (EDS), which uses traveling-wave or standing-wave electrodynamic effects to repel dust particles from a surface. The use of the EDS, on the other hand, is not new in solar energy research, as previous scientific works considered its use as a potential anti-dust solution for mitigating soiling loss.

The researchers said that the triboelectric generator they developed can be energized by stomping a foot on it several times. It can also vibrate without losing energy and generate alternating high voltage for periods of about 10 seconds.

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“The generator showed a high energy conversion efficiency of about 50.8%, and it was confirmed that it could generate a high level of output to sufficiently operate the dust removal panel with a maximum voltage of 2.6 kV,” the scientists explained, noting that the achieved efficiency is considerably higher than that of similar TENGs.

The South Korean researchers claim that the system was able to remove 79.2% of the dust from a solar panel after 12 foot strikes. They described their results in “Highly efficient long-lasting triboelectric nanogenerator upon impact and its application to daily-life self-cleaning solar panel,” which was recently published in Nano Energy.

“Collectively, this work provides a strategy for harvesting energy from impacts and offers a useful application for self-cleaning solar panels,” they said. They illustrated how the system works in a video clip published on KAIST's YouTube channel.

This content is protected by copyright and may not be reused. If you want to cooperate with us and would like to reuse some of our content, please contact: editors@pv-magazine.com.

Commercial modules with anti‑dust features and frame designs that shed dust can be considered to harden solar assets against recurrent dust events.

Title:

Content: Longi launches anti-dust solar module for C&I segment

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From pv magazine Australia

Longi has introduced its new Hi-MO X6 Guardian C&I module at Sydney’s Smart Energy Conference.

The module for the the Australian market allows water to run freely off its surface, so dusty residue does not build up around the edges where the frame meets the glass. However, the module still has traditional framing on its longer sides, so the modules must be mounted on a vertical axis, rather than horizontally.

The module uses back contact (BC) technology, which Longi fully transitioned its Australian ranges to in 2023. BC technology has advantages for panel efficiencies, as it reduces shading losses.

The Guardian module’s maximum power output is 590 W. It is big and particularly long, measuring 2,281 mm x 1,134 mm, and weighing in at 27.2 kg.

The company plans to launch a residential module with the same self-cleaning frame concept in the third quarter or fourth quarter of this year, with dimensions of about 1,722 mm x 1,134 mm.

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In terms of cost, the company said the Hi-MO X6 Guardian comes in around AUD 0.30 ($0.20)/watt.

Later this month, Longi will also launch a new Ultra Black module to the residential Australian market, with a power output of 440 W. One of the Ultra Black panel’s features is that it is fingerprint-proof, making it easier for installers to handle without marking. Representatives for the company said this does not extend to fingertips covered in sunscreen or zinc, however.

Longi is not the only company in the Australian market with an anti-dust module based on a  lowered frame design. DAH Solar has been supplying its Full Screen module in the country since October 2023 through wholesaler Austra Energy. The DAH Full Screen module has all edges of its frame lowered to prevent the accumulation of dust and water.

This content is protected by copyright and may not be reused. If you want to cooperate with us and would like to reuse some of our content, please contact: editors@pv-magazine.com.

On the distribution side, dry dust and contamination can increase the risk of pole‑top tracking and fires, making targeted cleaning of insulators and equipment a useful preventive measure.

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More than 40 'pole-top' fires caused power outages in San Antonio Thursday, CPS Energy says

A CPS Energy spokesperson says heavier rain will clean dirty insulators, likely preventing more fires this weekend.

SAN ANTONIO — Burning utility poles forced CPS Energy to cut power to neighborhoods across San Antonio Thursday.

Firefighters and utility crews responded to more than 40 such fires before 5 p.m., according to CPS Energy vice president of system operations and reliability LeeRoy Perez.

Thursday morning's mist mixed with dirt accumulated on power lines. The wet coating provided a pathway for electricity to travel from hot wires, over coiled insulation, onto wooden utility poles.

"As it does that, it begins to create a lot of energy at the top of poles," Perez said. "It begins to create what we call 'pole-top' fires."

The effect is called "tracking."

Tracking repairs are typically quick, Perez said, since crews need only re-enforce or replace burned wood.

But CPS Energy must cut power to the impacted circuit so crews can safely work on the lines. Thousands of San Antonio residents sat in dark, hot homes while workers made repairs Thursday.

Perez noted that San Antonio utility poles are especially dirty, as pollen accumulates and dry dust blows in. Bird droppings also collect on power lines.

Heavier rain should clean the insulation, preventing more fires this weekend.

"In our world, we prefer a heavy rain," Perez said. "Tonight's system that we are anticipating to move in is what we are actually hoping for and relying on."

Before You Leave, Check This Out

Traffic risks rise during dust events due to reduced visibility and strong winds, which have been associated with accidents, road blockages, and temporary closures in affected regions.

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Content: -- -- -- / -- -- --
Site Management
Choking and fainting.
Broken and disabled ways to study
Sand storms trigger a state of emergency in the west
Al Shorouk Reporters
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The strong winds that hit many parts of the country during the past two days, caused two fatal traffic accidents in Glizan, and this is because dust storms obscured the vision.
Hospitals were overwhelmed with asthma, allergies, and others who suffered from suffocation.
Shell also recorded vital roads and sporadic losses under the prevailing weather conditions.
On Monday evening, a fatal traffic accident occurred in Glizan after the deviation and coup of a motorcycle and this at the level of the bridge of Sayyid al-Haj on the national road No. 07, Ben Dawood Municipality, and resulted in the injury of the motorcyclist seriously at the level of the head where he died in the place. A Hyundai truck collided with a Renault truck loaded with sand from behind. The accident resulted in the injury of an unidentified man of about 25 years old, who sustained injuries to the head, face and chest. He was confined to the truck and died on the spot.
According to our sources, traffic accidents were caused by bad weather and poor visibility.
Al-Shorouk learned that due to strong sandy winds and air fluctuations recorded in the state of Glizan, the city protection units in the state carried out 13 interventions, represented by the fall of trees, on the edges of the roads, and the fall of some columns and electrical strands, and the civil protection evacuated 13 cases of both sexes, ranging in age from 18 to 93 years, due to shortness of breath.
The dust storm that has been raging in the province of Oran and its surrounding areas for the past 48 hours has created a state of emergency among families who are suffering from asthma and allergies. Emergency medical services have become the number one destination for ambulances that were transporting the injured and the health crisis, both towards Ibn Zergab Hospital and early November. Strong winds of 70 km per hour have caused several serious collapses. In addition to material damage to cars and shop fronts.
Fainting among students
According to the communication cell at the level of Ibn Zarjab Hospital in the district of El Balato, more than 100 cases of shortness of breath have been recorded during the past 48 hours, and the number is still likely to rise, without talking about the rest of the neighboring hospital institutions, whose staff spent hours without interruption to take care of patients, most of the cases belong to people with asthma and allergies and age between 21 and 80 years.
At the level of the educational sector, several cases of fainting among teachers as a result of difficulty breathing have been recorded. The injured have been referred to hospitals in order to receive the necessary treatment and undergo artificial respiration, while many managers have resorted to canceling the rest session and preventing students from going out so as not to suffer respiratory crises, especially since the sand storm has transformed the day at night.
For reference, the strong winds caused the registration of some partial collapses of some buildings, most notably what happened in the building located in the approach of the National Liberation Army on the sea side when part of the facade of the building fell, leaving the crash of some cars and fortunately, the accident did not leave victims.
In the wilaya of Sidi Bel Abbes, many educational institutions dismissed their students in the three phases because of the sandstorms that swept the state in the past 48 hours, especially in the southern regions, where the wind accompanied by heavy dust, which reached 80 km per hour, completely blocked the visibility, and the interventions of the protection services of 26 in the removal of trees falling due to high winds.
The sandstorms forced many municipalities to suspend the study until the weather improved after the sand swept through the classrooms.
Winds have also caused many trees to fall, paralyzing traffic on a number of municipal and even state roads, as well as frequent power outages in some municipalities.
Power outages
The storms caused the entire territory of the state of Beidh, partially closed a number of national and state roads, especially linking the north of the state to the south, while there was no movement completely through roads and unpaved paths, and the municipality of Beidh witnessed the fall of a large number of trees, which paralyzed traffic for several hours.
On the other hand, many villages have experienced a complete power outage.
In a happy state, the force of the wind brought down giant trees, electric cables and blackouts on many happy neighborhoods.
These winds, which decreased somewhat on Tuesday, caused the fall of an electrical column in the neighborhood of 500 housing peace next to the annex of the municipality of Saïda, and fortunately the incident did not record any significant losses, and caused the collapse of the roofs of some old houses.
Tlemcen witnessed several incidents due to bad weather, where a building crane threatened the security of residents and passers-by in the neighborhood of Kifan.
The wind led to the fall of an electric column in the Sidi Taher neighborhood in the upper city of Tlemcen near the mosque and fortunately no casualties were recorded, and the wind caused damage to an archaeological wall dating back to the Zayanid period, threatened with collapse.
In the municipality of Awlad Maimoun, east of Tlemcen, the wind caused the fall of a public lighting pole on the external wall of the Bakhti Abdul Razak without registering casualties, and in the municipality of Shatwan, the wind led to the fall of iron sheets from a balcony on the fifth floor of a building in the neighborhood of Bouarfa, and the wind led a tree in the municipality of Beni Sanous on the roof of a house without registering casualties.
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What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Driver safety measures recommended during dust include using headlights, maintaining low speeds, avoiding sudden stops, and increasing following distance.

Title:

Content: Archive / Saudi News
Most notably, lack of speed.
Tips for safe driving during a dust wave
Thank you for reading about the lack of speed.
Tips for safe driving during the dust wave and now we start with the details
DAMMAM (Reuters) - The General Roads Authority (Roads Authority) has provided tips for safe driving during the dust wave.
The panel published the advice via its account on the X platform.
Driving according to safety instructions
- Turn on the lights.
Not to stop suddenly.
- Lack of speed.
Make sure to put a sufficient distance between the vehicles.
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Transportation agencies have effectively used variable message signs, patrols, and rapid maintenance response to manage visibility hazards and keep networks operational during dust events.

Title:

Content: Morocco ’ s highways warn customers of bad weather
Heba Press _ Rabat
The National Highway Company of Morocco announced that the national highway network recorded winds with dust blowers coinciding with the return of school holidays, calling for full vigilance.
The company added that it mobilized patrol, maintenance and troubleshooting teams to monitor the network and intervene as quickly as possible, while mobilizing control rooms for real-time traffic information feedback and effective coordination with all stakeholders, while deploying a communications system through variable message signals on the highway network.
The company reported three incidents on the Ben Jarir – Chishawa highway, and ADM, Royal Gendarmerie and Civil Protection teams intervened to help users and secure the perimeter.
For the safety of users, ADM, in coordination with the local authority and the Royal Gendarmerie, carried out two transfers, one towards the Targa toll station for users coming from Agadir direction, and the other towards the Ben Jarir station for users coming from Agadir.
Direction of Casablanca, as well as the closure of the highway entrances from the Palmyra side and the Targa station.
Other material damage was reported on the road, including the removal of traffic lights, lighting poles and the cutting of electrical cables.
All these transfers were lifted on the Ben Jarir – Shishawa axis, physical disruptions were removed and traffic was restored at 5 p.m.
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Operational examples include deploying road‑clearing equipment, intensifying traffic patrols, and temporarily closing sections until visibility and debris conditions improve.

Title:

Content: Kebili: Setting an action plan to facilitate traffic and protect citizens from potential damage of strong dust-bearing winds
Taufik Mbarki, the first official in charge of running the state of Kebili, said on Saturday that "due to the climatic fluctuations witnessed by the state of Kebili for 10 days, especially the strong winds carrying dust, which has not been witnessed in the region for years, the regional authorities were keen to divide tasks in order to protect citizens and facilitate movement between the dependencies in the best conditions."
The same source added, in a statement to "Watt", that the first work was to open all roads that witnessed accumulation of dust and relatively disruption of traffic, especially the national road number 20 linking between the accreditation of Faouar to the accreditation of Ragim Matouk and then in the direction of the area of   the same accreditation.
He pointed out that 6 equipment has been placed along this road to remove dust periodically, as well as a number of equipment on the road linking the cities of Douz and Matmata to intervene periodically night and day in the points where sand is accumulated, and to protect citizens from the dangers of the road, and to help those who may witness a means of transport some damage.
He refuted rumors circulating on the social networking site about the isolation of some areas completely, stressing that the interruption of roads is for brief periods during which intervention to remove dust and return traffic to normal.
On the other hand, he pointed out that a plan of action has also been drawn up in the middle of the cities through the intensification of traffic patrols, and the recruitment of some interests such as municipal teams and regional delegations for agricultural development, as well as the teams of the Tunisian Electricity and Gas Company to intervene immediately and quickly to remove some trees that may fall due to the wind and disrupt the Golan movement or to repair any damage to the electricity network.

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Beyond the immediate hazards, Saharan dust has ecological and climate side effects that matter for planning and public communication.

Title:

Content: 03-27-2024

Sahara desert dust storms carry harmful bacteria and fungi around the globe

We often dismiss springtime allergies as reactions to local pollen. Yet, something else might cause our sniffles and sneezes: a massive dust storms that originate thousands of miles away in Africa’s Sahara region.

These gargantuan dust plumes travel the globe every summer, carrying a cocktail of pollutants and potential pathogens across continents.

Dr. Shankar Chellam, a Texas A&M University professor is leading the charge to understand the biological hitchhikers within dust storms.

He and his team are working to determine what microbes, specifically bacteria and fungi, migrate with the dust and explore their potential impact on human health.

Hidden passengers in Sahara dust

“We all get allergies and potentially other more severe health effects when we breathe in dust, and it’s not fully known as to what causes those allergies,” said Dr. Chellam.

“Some people may think it is just the sand or clay minerals in the dust. Others think it is the metals or organics in the dust, and then some think it’s the bacteria and fungi.”

The Saharan dust cloud carries vast amounts of sand particles that transport bacteria and fungi.

Dr. Chellam’s research uniquely addresses how Saharan dust storms introduce these microbes into North America.

What the dust storm from Sahara tells us

Dr. Chellam and his team analyzed samples from a Saharan dust event that reached Houston in 2018. They measured metals, bacteria, and fungi to investigate any connections.

Fascinatingly, their findings revealed strong links between the biodiversity of the microbes and specific elements, especially calcium.

While these elements occur naturally in the Sahara, they also exist in our local environments. Pinpointing the exact origin of the dust and its cargo remains a challenge that scientists continue to tackle.

Our air – Not as empty as we think

Perhaps the most startling discovery is that even seemingly lifeless clouds of dust brim with biological activity.

“A key takeaway from this study is that a lot of biodiversity is not scientifically described. It doesn’t have a name, it can’t be cultured, and because it can’t be cultured, it’s difficult to study,” explained Dr. Daniel Spalink, assistant professor at Texas A&M.

The team’s high-tech DNA analysis allowed them to create an inventory of bacteria and fungi, even if the microbes themselves weren’t active.

Surprisingly, they found traces of several pathogens known to cause disease in humans, as listed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

“It doesn’t tell us if they are going to be able to infect us and make us sick,” Spalink cautions, “But at least the DNA of several pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified in the African dust.”

Impact of climate change on Sahara dust

Climate change is altering weather patterns globally. This transformation affects dust storm behavior, leading to variations in their frequency and intensity.

In 2020, the United States experienced the most massive Saharan dust storm ever recorded, which experts named “Godzilla.”

This event highlighted the potential for increasing occurrences of such dust invasions. “The whole dynamics of the Saharan dust coming to Houston is primarily driven by atmospheric processes,” said Dr. Sourav Das, a former student of Dr. Chellam.

Global connection of Sahara dust

Sahara dust storm travels far beyond the borders of North America, affecting global environmental systems in profound ways.

This dust, originating from the vast Sahara Desert, embarks on transcontinental journeys that influence climate, ocean biology, and ecosystems far removed from its source.

The Saharan dust plays a critical role in climate regulation. As it travels across oceans and continents, it reflects sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth’s surface.

This natural phenomenon acts as a counterbalance to the warming effects of greenhouse gases, showcasing how desert dust can influence global temperatures.

However, the dust also carries microorganisms and nutrients, such as phosphorus, that fertilize remote ecosystems, from the Amazon rainforest to the Caribbean Sea, demonstrating nature’s complex nutrient cycles.

Benefits to oceans

Ocean biology benefits from the nutrient-rich dust as well. When Saharan dust settles on ocean waters, it delivers essential minerals that stimulate the growth of phytoplankton.

These microscopic plants form the foundation of the oceanic food chain, supporting a diverse array of marine life.

The influx of nutrients from the Sahara can thus boost marine productivity, affecting fish populations and the global fishing industry.

Disadvantages

The impact of Saharan dust is not universally beneficial. In ecosystems unaccustomed to the influx of foreign particles and nutrients, the dust can disrupt local environments.

For example, excessive dust deposition can smother coral reefs, blocking sunlight and hindering photosynthesis. This can stress coral ecosystems, leading to bleaching events and loss of biodiversity.

Moreover, the health implications of Saharan dust extend across continents. The dust carries not only nutrients but also pollutants and pathogens that can affect air quality and public health.

Communities in the path of these dust plumes may experience increased respiratory issues, allergies, and diseases, highlighting the need for global health monitoring and preparedness.

Study insights

It’s crucial to gather data across multiple dust events, spanning many years, to get a clearer picture of these airborne microbial communities and how they might transform over time.

While a lot remains unknown, research like this shines a spotlight on the hidden travelers swirling in the air we breathe — travelers who might be affecting our health in surprising ways.

The next time you catch a glimpse of a dust storm rolling in, remember the globe-trotting microbes it carries!

The findings of the study are published in Environmental Science & Technology.

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How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Positive impacts include delivering nutrients such as iron and phosphorus that fertilize the Amazon and stimulate ocean productivity (algae and phytoplankton).

What are the positive effects of Saharan dust on the environment?

carries microorganisms and nutrients that act as fertilizer

delivers essential minerals for phytoplankton

Saharan dust also reflects sunlight and can cool the surface, and the dry Saharan Air Layer can reduce Atlantic hurricane formation by up to 50%. [8].

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

What are the positive effects of Saharan dust on the environment?

cools the Earth's atmosphere
reflects sunlight back into space

Negative environmental impacts include potential smothering of coral reefs and harms to crops in the Caribbean and parts of the Americas during heavy deposition. [2].

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on agriculture?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on the ecosystems?

smothers coral reefs by blocking sunlight and hindering photosynthesis

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Areas of the Americas frequently affected include the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Texas, and portions of the eastern United States and North America. [2][5][9].

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Home prices rise 14% a year in Florida, California, Texas the worst
Trump charged with 37 felonies for taking nuclear weapons, defense classified documents and endangering national security
Sahara wind and sand around the earth to attack? Greenhouse effect boosts haze attack rate
A number of wildfires in Quebec, Canada, have spread smog across the border into the eastern United States, seriously affecting people ’ s lives, according to experts, because the greenhouse effect caused the average temperature rise, the probability of wildfires in the future will only be more frequent, so reducing fossil fuels is the key to curbing the rise.
The New York Times reported that data shows that eastern North America will be increasingly hot, the highest temperature will rise to more than 95 degrees Fahrenheit, due to dry weather, heat waves may increase the probability of wildfires, which is also the main cause of wildfires in Quebec this year.
“We ’ re going to experience seasonal droughts more often, in part because of warmer temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and soil moisture loss, ” said Ellen L. Mecray, director of climate services for the eastern region at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
According to a 2018 National Climate Assessment report, even haze from the Sahara could bypass the Earth and come to the United States with harmful particles.
"From a human health perspective, we are deeply concerned about the frequency and duration of such events," said Lesley-Ann Dupigny-Giroux, a climate scientist at the University of Vermont. According to the report, the average temperature in the Northeast by 2035 is expected to rise by more than 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit, higher than the global average. And...
Given that most wildfires in Quebec are caused by lightning, the National Climate Assessment estimates that lightning fires will increase by at least 30% by 2060.
In addition, careless maintenance of old power lines is the main cause of catastrophic fires. Old buildings with water leakage or poor insulation effect are as dangerous as chimneys in hot weather. It is necessary to update the equipment as soon as possible to protect the human body from high temperature hazards. The best way to reduce the risk of warming is to reduce the burning of fossil fuels, because only by reducing carbon emissions can we reduce the greenhouse effect and thus change the extreme climate crisis caused by the greenhouse effect.
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What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

In Central Florida, for example, Saharan dust episodes have brought hotter, drier conditions with lower rain chances and extended hazy periods.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

lowers rain chances
increases temperature
makes the sky hazy

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

In Texas, Saharan dust commonly produces a milky daytime sky and orange horizons, with dry air that suppresses storm formation during intrusions.

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

reduces storms
lowers rain chances
makes the sky hazy

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Preparedness and response actions for San Antonio should integrate public health, energy operations, and mobility management.

Public health agencies can activate alert status ahead of arrivals, pre‑position masks and respiratory supplies, and communicate self‑protection steps to vulnerable groups.

Title:

Content: The Minister of Health directs the alert of all health institutions to receive cases of suffocation
2023 / 03 / 31 | 18: 47 - Source: Baghdad Today
(This day's news encyclopedia | News of Iraq) - Baghdad Today - Baghdad
The Minister of Health, Saleh al-Hasnawi, alerted all health institutions to receive cases of suffocation that may occur due to the wave of dust that hit Baghdad and several provinces this evening.
A statement by the ministry received (Baghdad today), that al-Hasnawi "directed the alert of all health institutions to receive cases of suffocation that may occur due to the wave of dust and stresses the readiness of emergency lobbies, cars and ambulance teams and the provision of all medicines and medical supplies necessary to deal with such cases with the continuation of the work of health institutions to provide various health services."
Baghdad and several provinces were hit by a strong dust storm coming from Anbar province and headed to the capital and the central and southern regions.
Note: The content entitled (The Minister of Health directs the alert of all health institutions to receive cases of suffocation) was first published on the site (Baghdad Today) and the encyclopedia of this day news does not bear its content in any way.
You can see the details of this address (the Minister of Health directs the alert of all health institutions to receive cases of suffocation) through its original source any site (Baghdad today).
Read more about Baghdad today.

How can people protect their health during Saharan dust storms?

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Hospital and EMS readiness can include staffing surge plans and ensuring adequate supplies for asthma and allergy patients during high‑dust days.

Title:

Content: Dust storms and the country's hospitals are on alert.
Baghdad: Shatha Janabi
The dust storm that hit Baghdad and most of the country's provinces, since Monday morning, stopped all aspects of life in the country and paralyzed movement, while hospitals recorded thousands of cases of suffocation due to dust.
The wave of dust storms prompted the government to disrupt all official institutions and postpone exams, while the markets and shops also witnessed a closure for lack of visibility, while the Directorate of Traffic demanded the owners of trucks and cars not to move between the provinces.
The official spokesman of the Ministry of Health, Saif al-Badr, said that "the country's hospitals recorded more than 1,000 cases of suffocation, due to dust storms on Monday, due to the continuous wave of dust."
For his part, the Director of Emergency Medicine City, Dr. Rafid Shaker, explained that "the emergency prepared all the supplies to receive cases of suffocation, with the deployment of immediate ambulances in places and roads to provide urgent medical services to citizens and transport them to and from hospitals."
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How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

City messaging should urge residents to stay indoors during peak dust, close windows and doors, use air purifiers or AC, limit outdoor exertion, and hydrate.

How can people protect their health during Saharan dust storms?

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

For those who must be outside, recommend particle‑retaining or medical masks and eye protection to reduce exposure and irritation. [11].

Title:

Content: Wednesday 08 December 2021
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Editor-in-Chief
Wael Lotfy
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Editor-in-Chief
Wael Lotfy
10 important tips to follow to cope with wind and dust in volatile weather
The Meteorological Authority announced that the country is witnessing a state of instability in weather conditions, on Wednesday, as it expects the arrival of a dust storm to the country, exciting sand and dust, as noted by the low temperatures, until the great in Cairo to 20 degrees and the small 13 degrees.
Dust storms significantly affect air quality and visibility, and may have adverse effects on health, especially with people who already have breathing problems.
How can you cope with volatile weather?
• Allergic patients should not go out of the house such as asthma patients, chest allergies, eye and others.
• Be sure to wear a medical mask if you are out of the house.
Eye allergy patients should wear sunglasses to protect the eye from dust.
• Always drink fluids such as water and juices.
• Be sure to close doors and windows to prevent dust from entering buildings and homes.
Take care of trees and plants by cleaning them from dust to avoid their gradual death.
• Drive carefully on roads, especially highways, because of the low level of horizontal visibility.
• Close all windows tightly so that dust and dust do not enter the vehicle.
Cover your nose and mouth with a damp mask or cloth to reduce exposure to dust particles.
• Clean the house from dust after the dust storm passes.
People who may be more at risk from a dust storm than others are:
- Infants, children and adolescents
- Elderly people
- People with respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis and emphysema.
People with heart disease.
- Diabetic patients.
Exposure to a dust storm can lead to several problems, including:
- provoke allergic reactions and asthma attacks;
Dust storms cause serious breathing problems.
- contribute to the exacerbation of diseases of the heart, blood vessels or heart;

How can people protect their health during Saharan dust storms?

Transportation departments can pre‑plan for low‑visibility operations using variable message signs, targeted speed management, and patrols, and be ready for temporary closures if visibility deteriorates.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Public advisories should reinforce safe‑driving practices during dust, including lights on, slower speeds, and greater following distances.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Electric utilities and solar operators can use dust forecasts to schedule cleaning, adjust output expectations, and deploy or trial anti‑dust technologies on critical arrays. [12].

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

What are the negative effects of Saharan dust storm on infrastructure?

Utilities can also inspect and clean insulators in high‑risk areas to reduce pole‑top fires associated with dust and contamination.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

Implementing or leveraging regional dust early‑warning tools such as SDS‑WAS products can improve lead time for citywide coordination and targeted alerts.

Title:

Content: # Meteorology: Dust storms have become a great concern for our countries and peoples
0.
Follow-ups _ Alweam
Dr. Ayman bin Salem Ghulam, CEO of the National Center of Meteorology, stressed that the importance of the Regional Center for Early Warning of Dust Storms comes as one of the outcomes of the Green Middle East Summit announced by His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince, as part of a series of integrated national initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development, preserving the environment and improving the quality of life. and the negative effects resulting from it.
This came in his opening speech at the first meeting of the Steering Committee of the Regional Center for Early Warning of Dust Storms, which was held at the headquarters of the Center in Jeddah today, in the presence of representatives of the GCC countries and partners from the World Meteorological Organization and KAUST University.
He said: "We look forward to your presence today as key partners in this important regional center to enhance together technical and technical capabilities in this field, and achieve the lofty goals of the center through coordination and fruitful support among us, in addition to transferring knowledge in the field of dust storms for the public benefit of our countries."
He pointed out that the magnitude of the problems caused by dust storms has become a major concern for our countries and peoples because of the negative effects of these frequent storms on our region, which have appeared remarkably during the past few years, which led us in the Kingdom to consider taking serious steps to achieve for us and the countries of the region the ability to predict the effects of dust storms by monitoring and studying their effects on our societies. Facing this growing phenomenon, and reducing its effects, especially if we consider the climatic factors experienced by the region from desertification, drought, scarcity of natural resources, in addition to extreme weather events that have become the talk of the world and international organizations.
The Regional Dust Storm Early Warning Center aims to provide user communities with access to SDS-WAS forecasts and information through the WIS-related regional center and other institutes, identify and improve the products of the regional center through consultation with operational communities and users, and build the capacity of relevant countries to use SDS-WAS observations, forecasts and analysis products to meet community needs.

How can the authorities prepare for a Saharan dust storm?

In summary, for San Antonio the near‑term effects of Saharan dust are likely to be hazy skies, hotter and drier weather with reduced rain chances, suppressed storm activity, and degraded air quality that most affects people with respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. [1][5].

How does Saharan dust affect immediate weather?

lowers rain chances
increases temperature
makes the sky hazy
reduces storms
lowers air quality

What are the negative health effects of Saharan dust?

respiratory issues
cardiovascular diseases

What areas of the Americas have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

What areas of the US have been affected by Saharan dust storms?

Coordinated public‑health communication, traffic safety measures, and energy‑sector operations—guided by dust forecasts—are the most effective preparations to mitigate impacts during these episodic intrusions. [12][20].