The Mozart Effect is a phenomenon that suggests listening to Mozart's music, particularly his Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, can temporarily improve cognitive performance, especially in spatial reasoning tasks.

This idea has been widely discussed and researched, with some studies providing evidence to support its claims.

According to a study, Mozart's music improves mental performance, known as The Mozart Effect, and helps employees be more productive and aids children's learning.

Listening to music increases attention span and receptivity to information, with classic Baroque period music enhancing brain activity while studying or writing.

Moderate noise levels can stimulate creative thinking and productivity, and music without lyrics is best for tasks requiring writing and concentration.

Familiar music is less distracting and better for focus than new songs, and Mozart's music is particularly beneficial for spatial reasoning and cognitive tasks.

University research in France found that music improves student performance on questionnaires, and music puts students in a heightened emotional state, increasing motivation and focus.

However, not all studies support the Mozart Effect, with some researchers finding no reliable evidence of beneficial effects.

Scientists from the University of Vienna analyzed studies on Mozart's music and found no evidence to support its alleviating effects on epilepsy symptoms.

Previous studies claimed that Mozart's music increased fetal intelligence, but these findings have been disputed.

The Mozart Effect has also been studied in animals, with research showing that rats can synchronize beats to Mozart's music at 120-140 bpm.

Rats have innate beat synchronization without music training, and their brain time constant enables beat synchronicity.

A study used 20 rats with wireless accelerometers to measure their beat synchronization, and found that rats' beat synchronization is similar to humans.

Mozart's Sonata for two pianos was used in the rat study, and other musical pieces were used for comparison.

The study focused on Mozart's "K. 448" sonata, and found that rats' beat synchronicity comes from the brain, not the body.

Another study found that rats can keep rhythm like humans at 120-140 BPM, and that Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major is at 132 BPM.

Rats prefer the same tempo as humans for beat synchronization, and their brain responds to music tempo like humans do.

The study used wireless accelerometers to measure rat head movements, and found that rats' beat synchronization is predictive, not just reactive.

In addition to its effects on cognitive performance, Mozart's music has also been found to have a pain-relieving effect on newborns.

Mozart's music reduces pain in newborns during medical procedures, and newborns who listened to Mozart calmed down faster after pain.

Newborns who listened to Mozart stopped feeling pain in one minute, and Mozart's music is a simple and inexpensive pain relief method.

Music can reduce pain in newborns as effectively as sucrose, and researchers studied 100 newborns to determine Mozart's effect.

54 newborns listened to Mozart's lullabies before and after blood tests, and Mozart's music had a calming effect on newborns during blood tests.

Mozart's effect on adults as a painkiller is still unknown, but his music has been found to improve immunity in mice after heart transplants.

Mice listening to Mozart's music survived 20 days after heart transplant, while mice listening to opera "Camellia" survived 40 days after heart transplant.

Mice with ruptured eardrums had no improved survival rate, and construction site sounds had no effect on mice survival rate.

Enya's music increased mice survival rate to 11 days, and mice not listening to music survived only 8 days after transplant.

Music had a positive effect on the immune system through the brain, but Western medical treatment should be prioritized over music therapy.

Music preference had no impact on survival rate in mice, and individual differences play a role in the effect of music on cognitive performance.

Research on the Mozart effect is ongoing, with new experiments planned until 2024, and background music may be useful in other cognitive domains, such as attention and concentration.

A new infrared spectroscopy device will be used to study brain activation during cognitive processes, and the study was published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.

The research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the study involved 24 participants with mild amnestic cognitive impairment.

Classical music was chosen for its balance between relaxing and arousing effects, but listening to classical music has no benefits for learning in people with mild cognitive impairment.

High-arousal music may have a positive effect on memory for people who use music as an emotional regulator, and the Mozart Effect is a complex phenomenon that requires further research.

In conclusion, the Mozart Effect is a real phenomenon that can temporarily improve cognitive performance, especially in spatial reasoning tasks, but its effects are not universally accepted and require further research.

The available evidence suggests that Mozart's music can have a positive impact on cognitive performance, but individual differences and other factors can influence its effects.

Therefore, it is essential to consider the limitations and complexities of the Mozart Effect when evaluating its potential benefits and applications.

The Mozart Effect is a phenomenon that suggests listening to Mozart's music, particularly his Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, can temporarily improve cognitive performance, especially in spatial reasoning tasks.

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The Sound of Success: Ideas in Music for Concentration and Productivity

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Does music help you concentrate? Since we spend a lot of time in front of computers trying to finish our work, wouldn’t it be nice to listen to some of music to help concentrate? Well, music lovers, it seems like Mozart and Beethoven could actually help you with your productivity. Beethoven once said: «Music is where the spirit lives, thinks and invents.»

This relationship between music and the brain is an area that has been intensively explored in research. Many studies point to the ability of music to help employees be more productive and help children in their learning process more effectively. University research in France found that students who listened to music for an hour while reading, scored significantly higher on a questionnaire compared to a group of students who read without music.

Your attention span is better when listening to music

It seems that music for concentration puts students in a heightened emotional state, so that they can be more receptive to information. «It is possible that music causes a change in the learning environment and influenced students’ motivation to stay focused while reading, which led to better performance on a multiple-choice questionnaire,» concluded the french research team in a recent article.

But before you start playing any type, you have to find the music that works better for the type of work you are trying to carry do. For example, the classic from the Baroque period is said to do wonders for brain activity when you are studying or writing. But not all classical music is created equal, so dramatic changes and complicated fugue changes may not be as conducive as a smooth piano piece. So if you have to choose a composer, we would say Mozart. There seems to be evidence that Mozart’s improves mental performance: it is called «The Mozart Effect”.

Build a harmonious space

If you don’t like classical, the discreet sound found in ambient music may work well for you instead. What is the purpose of this if you are not at the airport, you ask? Well, for creative purposes, it’s better than emptiness and silence. According to one of its pioneers, musician Brian Eno: “Background music must be able to accommodate many levels of attention when listening, without forcing one in particular. It must be as ignorable as it is interesting ”.

In fact, researchers have shown that a moderate level of noise, such as that found in the environment, can actually get creative juices flowing. Music with especially low-lows or especially high-highs should be avoided. Certain types of jazz instrumental melodies can also get your brain working.

Music without lyrics

In general, if you are doing work that requires writing, you should avoid listening to music with lyrics as the words in a song are especially destructive to your concentration. Since hearing words activates the brain’s language center, attempting to perform tasks related to another language would be like trying to have a conversation while someone else is speaking to you. But, if you are a cartoonist, and you don’t deal with sentence construction, hearing letters may not have the same effect.

Finally, studies show that listening to music you’re already familiar with may be better if you really need to focus. New songs take you into the unknown and your brain will want to listen closely to see what comes next. With the music you are familiar with you know what to expect, so it doesn’t distract you from your work. And if you like the tune you’re listening to try not to whistle it while you work, as that will only distract you.

The post The Sound of Success: Ideas in Music for Concentration and Productivity appeared first on Mundo Hispanico

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This idea has been widely discussed and researched, with some studies providing evidence to support its claims.

According to a study, Mozart's music improves mental performance, known as The Mozart Effect, and helps employees be more productive and aids children's learning.

Listening to music increases attention span and receptivity to information, with classic Baroque period music enhancing brain activity while studying or writing.

Moderate noise levels can stimulate creative thinking and productivity, and music without lyrics is best for tasks requiring writing and concentration.

Familiar music is less distracting and better for focus than new songs, and Mozart's music is particularly beneficial for spatial reasoning and cognitive tasks.

University research in France found that music improves student performance on questionnaires, and music puts students in a heightened emotional state, increasing motivation and focus.

However, not all studies support the Mozart Effect, with some researchers finding no reliable evidence of beneficial effects.

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Scientists have dispelled the myth that Mozart ’ s music helps with epilepsy
Scientists from the University of Vienna have dispelled the myth that Mozart ’ s major sonata KV448 can alleviate the symptoms of epilepsy.
The results of the study are presented in the journal Scientific Reports.
According to the authors of the work, they could not find evidence of the above theory.
In the past, it was believed that Mozart ’ s music had many positive effects on a person, for example, it increases the intelligence of the fetus if a pregnant woman listened to it.
Recently, a number of studies have shown that KV448 sonata alleviates symptoms in patients with epilepsy.
In their work, scientists analyzed these studies, as well as other scientific literature.
As it turned out, there is no reliable evidence of the beneficial effect of the melody.
According to the authors, erroneous results could have been obtained due to selective reporting and small samples.
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Scientists from the University of Vienna analyzed studies on Mozart's music and found no evidence to support its alleviating effects on epilepsy symptoms.

Previous studies claimed that Mozart's music increased fetal intelligence, but these findings have been disputed.

The Mozart Effect has also been studied in animals, with research showing that rats can synchronize beats to Mozart's music at 120-140 bpm.

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Content: Rats Have Rhythm and Can Keep the Beat to Mozart, a new Study Shows

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The study did not determine whether rats prefer Mozart to Maroon 5. (Richard Drew/AP)

Rhythm has long been thought to be a uniquely human trait, but researchers have found that rats possess the ability and can keep the beat to Mozart, a new study shows.

Scientists at the University of Tokyo found that rats’ beat synchronicity came from the time constant of their brains, not their bodies, which is similar across species.

“Rats displayed innate — that is, without any training or prior exposure to music — beat synchronization most distinctly within 120–140 bpm (beats per minute), to which humans also exhibit the clearest beat synchronization,” said University of Tokyo Associate Professor Hirokazu Takahashi.

Researchers equipped 20 rats with wireless accelerometers to measure their head movements. They were played one-minute excerpts of “Sonata for two pianos (K. 448)” by Mozart at four different speeds – 75%, 100%, 200% and 400% of the original speed.

The study focused on responses to “K. 448” by Mozart. But the study also played four other musical pieces to human and animal participants: “Born This Way” by Lady Gaga, “Another One Bites the Dust” by Queen, “Beat It” by Michael Jackson and “Sugar” by Maroon 5.

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Rats have innate beat synchronization without music training, and their brain time constant enables beat synchronicity.

A study used 20 rats with wireless accelerometers to measure their beat synchronization, and found that rats' beat synchronization is similar to humans.

Mozart's Sonata for two pianos was used in the rat study, and other musical pieces were used for comparison.

The study focused on Mozart's "K. 448" sonata, and found that rats' beat synchronicity comes from the brain, not the body.

Another study found that rats can keep rhythm like humans at 120-140 BPM, and that Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major is at 132 BPM.

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Content: 2022 SU General Election Full Supplement

Illustration by Valery Perez

Rats have more rhythm than you think

By Sheroog Kubur, November 30 2022

Musicians have long sung about the power of music — we’re either slaves to it, losing control or just can’t fight the feeling to get up and dance. Keeping rhythm has been thought to be an exclusively human trait until recently, when a study in Tokyo, Japan discovered that rats are able to keep rhythm as well.

“Rats displayed innate — that is, without any training or prior exposure to music — beat synchronization most distinctly within 120–140 BPM (beats per minute),” said University of Tokyo associate professor Hirokazu Takahashi.

Keeping rhythm is something that had long been considered only a human trait because of the complex motor functions that go into the movements. It involves the speed that the brain is able to respond to something. While there are videos of animals dancing along to songs, like popular videos of birds moving along to the rhythm, this is more likely a case of being trained to respond to the beat than having innate beat synchronization.

Beat synchronization refers to how well we are able to keep in time with a musical beat. The study was conducted at the University of Tokyo and connected 10 rats to wireless, miniature accelerometers to measure their head movements. A one-minute clip of Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major was played at four different tempos, ranging from 75 per cent to 400 per cent of the original song. Twenty humans also participated in the study for comparison.

The song was played at various tempos on the assumption that, because rats already operate at a faster pace in terms of heartbeat and other body functions, they may prefer faster tempos.

However, the results of the study found that rats, much like humans, prefer a tempo of 120-140 BPM. This preference was also observed in the human participants. Mozart’s composition fell within this range at roughly 132 BPM.

“Our results suggest that the optimal tempo for beat synchronization depends on the time constant in the brain,” said Takahashi.

The study also included other pop songs like “Born This Way” by Lady Gaga and “Another One Bites the Dust” by Queen. Beat synchronization in non-human mammals was previously thought to be reactive — akin to jumping to a sudden noise — instead of predictive like in humans. The study suggests that beat synchronicity in rats isn’t purely reactive because of the change in movements alongside the changes in tempos.

“To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on innate beat synchronization in animals that was not achieved through training or musical exposure,” said Takahashi.

This isn’t the first time researchers have looked into the dancing capabilities of animals. Previous research into beat synchronization focused primarily on primates. In 2014, a group of researchers at the University of North Carolina found out that bonobos, a species that shares 98.7 per cent of their DNA with humans, were able to match the beat of drumming scientists with their own drumming. A 2013 study found that chimpanzees also display the ability to synchronize their movements with a beat as well. Researchers at the University of California found that the California sea lion is also able to bob its head along to a rhythm. In October of this year, a team discovered that harbour seals are also able to keep track of different rhythms.

The Tokyo research team plans on looking further into the effects of music and harmony on the human brain. Takahashi has expressed interest in music as it leads to a happier life and mechanisms that create cultural centres in the brain such as art and music.

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Rats prefer the same tempo as humans for beat synchronization, and their brain responds to music tempo like humans do.

The study used wireless accelerometers to measure rat head movements, and found that rats' beat synchronization is predictive, not just reactive.

In addition to its effects on cognitive performance, Mozart's music has also been found to have a pain-relieving effect on newborns.

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Scientists have found out what music can serve as pain relievers
Photo: pixabay
American scientists have discovered that Mozart ’ s music can have a pain-relieving effect.
This was found out during the experiment on newborns, reports Zakon.kz.
According to The Telegraph, from April 2019 to February 2020, researchers studied the effect of music on the sensation of pain in infants.
The experiment involved 100 newborns who took mandatory blood tests.
54 out of 100 children listened to Mozart's lullabies for 20 minutes before the medical procedure and for five minutes after it.
The rest of the children did not play music.
All children were tested under the same conditions.
The level of pain was assessed on a scale from zero to seven points on the intensity of crying, breathing, facial expression and other criteria.
It turned out that the newborns, who put Mozart, more easily transferred the collection of blood for tests and generally behaved more calmly.
They stopped feeling pain a minute after the procedure, while babies who did not listen to music felt pain two minutes later.
"Music recordings, in addition to sucrose, effectively reduce pain in newborns.
Music can be considered a simple, easily reproducible and inexpensive means of relieving pain from minor medical procedures for healthy and full-term babies, ” the researchers concluded.
Researchers have yet to find out whether babies have the same effect as their parents' recorded voices.
In addition, there is no certainty that Mozart will work as a painkiller for adults.
Earlier, scientists at New York University have proved that listening to music, drinking coffee and other everyday pleasures are good for the brain.
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Mozart's music reduces pain in newborns during medical procedures, and newborns who listened to Mozart calmed down faster after pain.

Newborns who listened to Mozart stopped feeling pain in one minute, and Mozart's music is a simple and inexpensive pain relief method.

Music can reduce pain in newborns as effectively as sucrose, and researchers studied 100 newborns to determine Mozart's effect.

54 newborns listened to Mozart's lullabies before and after blood tests, and Mozart's music had a calming effect on newborns during blood tests.

Mozart's effect on adults as a painkiller is still unknown, but his music has been found to improve immunity in mice after heart transplants.

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Content: The opera "Tea Blossom Girl" can improve the survival rate of heart-changing mice: An interview with Teikyo University Medical Department lecturer Yasuhisa Uchiyama
Science Education Medical Health
What would be the impact of letting a mouse with a heart transplant listen to an opera? Ten years ago, a team of researchers at Teikyo University came up with this idea and later published experimental results, winning the “Medicine Prize ” of the Ig Nobel Prize.
Masao Uchiyama (41), a member of the research team and a lecturer in the university ’ s medical department, said the honor convinced him that “the value of uniqueness lies. ”
At present, he also works tirelessly to teach students to “pursue uniqueness. ”
Dressed as a mouse puppet at the awards ceremony.
In September 2013, Tatsuya Uchiyama, dressed in a mouse cloth doll, smiled on the stage of the Saunders Theater at Harvard University in Boston.
The idea of wearing a cloth doll on stage was put forward by Uchiyama, "I think that's going to be fun."
The reason was that he saw the popular role of the funny group "Funny Problem" in the TV show, and he bought a cloth doll at the $100 store and brought it to the awards ceremony.
He and another assistant, Kim Sang-won, put on a mouse puppet costume and stood at the side of the (then) Shin Sei-june, an associate professor in the Department of Medicine at Teikyo University, who led the team, singing the opera “Camellia ” in high notes, causing laughter from the audience.
He recalled, "We were probably the most popular among the winners of the year, and the group photo time after the ceremony was the most sought-after," and his face was full of pride.
A special issue of Annals of Improbable Research, the magazine that organizes the Ig Nobel Prize. In 2013, Uchiyama and his party were also selected as the cover of the magazine.
Leaflet for a speech at MIT the next day.
Although Uchiyama showed a childlike side at the award presentation ceremony, Uchiyama ’ s research goal is to explore the field of transplantation immunology. After all, Uchiyama ’ s paper has even included a well-known surgeon, a special professor in Shuntian University ’ s medical department, who was famous for performing coronary artery bypass surgery. The name of the boss.
Let the mice after the heart transplant immerse themselves in music, and the result...
In addition to the original heart, another heart was implanted in the abdomen of the mouse.
After the operation, the mouse will do nothing, it will trigger an immune rejection reaction, and the transplanted heart will stop working for an average of 8 days.
However, most of the mice who also received heart transplants continued to listen to the opera “Camellia ”, and the average survival days were greatly increased to 40 days, and the longest lived mice were even as many as 90 days.
On the other hand, the average time to listen to Mozart ’ s music is 20 days, and the Irish singer Enya ’ s voice is 11 days.
To further confirm the validity of the results, let mice with ruptured eardrums listen to “Camellia ”.
Sure enough, as expected, the "effect" disappeared, and the transplant heart stopped beating about a week or so.
In other words, this experiment proved that allowing mice after heart transplantation to listen to the opera “Camellia ” or classical music can effectively improve their immunity.
Uchiyama is taking a closer look at the rat after the heart transplant.
The study began with the discovery of a young man who, while studying at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, gave a variety of drugs to most mice undergoing heart transplants and compared the prognosis, noticed a difference between the prognosis of mice placed in human cages and those placed in quiet cages around them.
After returning home, he suggested to an assistant in his personal research office, "Let the mice listen to music and see what happens?"
It also plays the sound of the construction site and the monotone sound.
The study was restarted about 10 years later.
At that time, Uchiyama was still a graduate student in cardio-vascular surgery in the Department of Medicine at Shun Heaven University, and came to Teikyo University to study organ transplantation.
Uchiyama heard his assistant speak of the past of "letting the mice after the heart transplant listen to the opera", and intuitively thought that "if you continue to experiment, you may get interesting results".
First, let most of the mice after the heart transplant listen to the opera "Camellia Girl", Mozart music, and the album of Enya, a very favorite singer Uchiyama at the time.
They also listen to the sounds of the construction site, English listening exercises and monotonic sounds.
As a result, as mentioned earlier, the survival period was extended in the order of opera, Mozart, and Enya, compared to rats that listened to nothing.
Incidentally, the reason why I chose "Camellia Girl" is because Shinkai is a fanatic who loves opera, and this opera is his most recommended.
Although Uchiyama and opera have no connection, but as a part of the research, I heard that she is listening to "Camellia Girl" all day long.
"To be honest, it's only pain for me," he said with a laugh.
Professor Amano also thought the experiment was interesting, but the paper was closed.
In this way, after Uchiyama has worked hard to collect experimental data that can be written into the paper, the next step is the beginning of the real test.
At the time, Professor Amano, who was the head of the medical department of Shun Tian University, said bluntly: “Although the experiment seems interesting, it should be difficult to write a paper. ”
As predicted, even though Uchiyama threw a lot of academic journals, they were returned without review and ate a closed door. In March 12, 2012, the British academic journal “Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery (JCTS) ” finally entered the review stage.
The paper was presented in the autumn of the previous year, and it has actually been 1 1 / 2 years before the review began.
Uchiyama said: "Because this experiment is very dependent on environmental factors."
To differentiate the sound of Camellia, Mozart, Enya, and the construction site, it is impossible to use scientific and objective evidence to show it, which increases the difficulty of examination.
A month after the award ceremony, it was presented at the Japanese Pulse Society (October 2013).
No matter what happens, people will be blessed by God ’ s grace.
The year after the publication of the paper in JCTS, the research team received a notification of the winner of the Ig Nobel Prize. Like many researchers, both novices and Uchiyama, at first thought that “this is a prank ” and did not think it, until they gathered the relevant information to know that everything seemed to be true.
“‘ Your idea is unique and admirable ’ and it makes me happy to be recognized by a third person who doesn ’ t know me. ”
The mountain says so.
This award benefited him a lot, and he realized that “you have to be confident in the results of your research that you believe in. ”
"Hope and vitality, as well as family support, are very important, and the results are interlinked," Shin said in a post-award interview.
In the clinical scene, patients who are thought to have only a few months of life have lived for many years. On the contrary, patients who are thought to have lived for many more years have died suddenly and suddenly, and often encounter these conditions.
However, through this research, we can be sure that “something ” that cannot be fully described in Western medicine is actually affecting the immune system through the brain.
In clinical settings, when patients know about the award, they sometimes ask, “If I want to recover early, what kind of music will help? ”
Uchiyama ’ s answer is to suggest that you first seek Western medical treatment, followed by “As long as it is music you like, listen to anything. ”
3 research topics recommended for the next generation
However, to say that Uchiyama is unique from a young age, in fact, it is not.
He said: “My personality is shy, and I have blushing phobia, and I am afraid to stand in front of everyone.
However, in high school, he realized that "if we continue like this, we will not be able to survive in society", and after working in college, he chose to be a tutor, forcing himself to endure and successfully overcome his fear.
Once a teenager with blushing phobia, now he has turned into an adult dressed as a mouse puppet standing on the stage of Harvard University singing dramatic music, human beings, really have unlimited potential.
On the contrary, Uchiyama has a strong belief from a very early age.
Both parents are teachers, under their advice, from junior high school into the affiliated senior secondary school of Ritsumeikan University, but the university did not choose to "direct admission", but decided to participate in the entrance examination of the medical department.
More than 90% of students in the upper middle school choose to go straight to the university, and it is not easy to concentrate on preparing for the exam in such an environment.
As a result, he communicated directly with the teacher, and continued to participate in extra-curricular tutoring in biology and English after school. On the contrary, the courses he considered “unnecessary ” were almost absent.
"At that time, people around me said he was a 'strange guy'," he said.
In 2017, he attended a dinner at the University of Cambridge.
Uchiyama told his graduate students, “Be prepared for three research topics at any time. ”
First, it is easy to write a paper of orthodox research; second, if the goal of life is to become a researcher, to think of research that can be invested in a lifetime; finally, "no one is doing unique research."
For Uchiyama, the experiment of heart transplant mice belongs to the third.
When he was further asked about the purpose of recommending the "unique study", he gave the example of "mountain climbing" to answer: "First, the first is to climb a mountain at a moderate altitude when the weather is clear; the second is to climb Mount Everest, which is like the highest peak in the world, although it is a high altitude and long distance mountain, but you can see the top; the third is because you do not know how high and what climbing paths there are." Ready to climb the mountain equipment on the start, all the way exclaimed: "No? Is the whole me?", can only rely on the emergency response to move forward, and arriving at the end will produce the kind of "Wow!"
It's really funny.
"I'm so impressed."
In other words, it is precisely those who have mastered their basic skills in the study of "orthodoxy" that have found a way to explore a landscape that no one has ever seen.
“With all the obstacles that arise in the course of research, how can we use theoretical and constructive attitudes to achieve our goals? This is an important training for researchers, and personal abilities will eventually bear fruit. ” Even if one person is better, I hope more people can embark on the journey to find the beauty that has not been discovered.
Such a heartfelt expectation.
Interview and arrangement: Nami Hamada, Editorial Department of POWER NEWS
All of the above photos are provided by Uchiyama.
Photo taken in March 2023 at Teikyo University Medical Department Hospital in Itabashi, Tokyo.
Nobel Prize for Research in Medicine

Mice listening to Mozart's music survived 20 days after heart transplant, while mice listening to opera "Camellia" survived 40 days after heart transplant.

Mice with ruptured eardrums had no improved survival rate, and construction site sounds had no effect on mice survival rate.

Enya's music increased mice survival rate to 11 days, and mice not listening to music survived only 8 days after transplant.

Music had a positive effect on the immune system through the brain, but Western medical treatment should be prioritized over music therapy.

Music preference had no impact on survival rate in mice, and individual differences play a role in the effect of music on cognitive performance.

Title:

Content: 4/25/23 · Research

The beneficial effects of music on memory may depend on how it is listened to

The initial results of the study of the 'Mozart effect' on neurodegeneration show that listening to classical music in the background has no benefits for learning
The research has been carried out with people experiencing mild cognitive impairment, and it did find individual differences when listening to 'high-arousal' music

Listening to 'high-arousal' music could have a positive effect on memory for people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator (Image: Clem Onojeghuo, Unsplash)

Given the lack of effective treatments to counteract cognitive impairment, background music has traditionally been proposed as a possible therapeutic alternative for improving memory-related tasks. Its effect has long been the focus of debate, but this relationship has now been found to be possibly determined by new interindividual parameters, which means that it may be more complex than was previously thought. This is shown by research led by Marco Calabria, a researcher in the Cognitive Neurolab group of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), who is now considering new experiments.

The initial results of the Mozart effect and memory in patients with cognitive impairment (MEM-COG) study, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, suggest that listening to background classical music while performing memory tasks neither improves nor impairs learning levels among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, listening to more 'high-arousal' music was found to have a possible positive effect on people who are accustomed to using music as an emotional regulator in their everyday lives, which suggests there is potential for further hypotheses and research.

The study, which has been published as open access in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, was carried out with patients at the neuropsychology unit of Barcelona's Hospital de Sant Pau, and involved researchers at the hospital, Montreal's Concordia University and Madrid's Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute.

There is no universal effect

"We found no general impact concerning the effect of music in terms of whether it had positive or negative effects on learning in cases of MCI, but we did find that it would be modulated for each individual. If people regularly use music as an emotional regulator in their daily life, such as to help them remain calm or for company, they will find it easier to obtain further benefits from music when they have to learn something new," explained Calabria, who has a PhD in Psychobiology.

The subjects of the study were people with mild amnestic cognitive impairment, i.e. they have memory problems as a result of an onset of neurodegeneration that is more specific in the parts of the brain dealing with aspects of learning and memory. The experiments consisted of observing 24 photographs of human faces. Participants were instructed to memorize them, and 10 minutes later, they were asked to look at a new series containing the previous 24 images and 24 new ones, in order to attempt to identify the ones that they had already seen.

A classical choice

The first test was performed with the subjects listening to classical music in the information consolidation phase but not in the recovery phase, while in the second exercise it was repeated with the auditory stimulus during both phases. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of results.

Classical music was used in these exercises because "it's a type of music that falls between relaxing and arousing, and has proven to be the most effective for enhancing memory". Furthermore, the fact that it is instrumental reduces the interference (that can come from lyrics) with the content that the participants have to learn in the memory task.

A ray of light

However, Calabria's team wanted to carry out a third experiment using popular music which was considered arousing rather than relaxing, and after a preliminary study, they used an instrumental version of Un rayo de sol (A ray of light), by the group Los Diablos. In that experiment, according to Calabria, the results suggested that "the use of music as a strategy for mood regulation is associated with better performance in memory tasks."

Ongoing research

This finding opens up the possibility of further research to continue exploring the role of interindividual preferences and attitudes towards music among patients with MCI. The group plans to continue the project until late 2024.

During this time, it will investigate whether background music could be more useful in other cognitive domains, such as in attention and concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease. The experiments will also involve the use of a new infrared spectroscopy device in the Neuro Lab, one of the recently opened new laboratories at the UOC, which will show the activation at the cerebral level while cognitive processes are taking place. This will help to determine whether or not there are any alterations in the brain's modulation, in which areas this takes place, and whether it depends on the type of person studied, regardless of the level of response to music.

In overall terms, this will help to find a type of marker which determines the people most likely to benefit from music in cognitive tasks. "The more we know about how background music shapes cognitive processes, the better the use we can make of music as a therapeutic tool in cognitive stimulation," concluded Calabria, an expert in the study of cognitive processes and a member of teaching staff on the UOC's Master's Degree in Neuropsychology.

This research project receives funding from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain, and contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 3, Good health and well-being.

Reference article:

Calabria, Marco et al. 'Background Music and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Interindividual Differences'. 1 Jan. 2023: 815 – 829. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-221051

Press contact

Sònia Armengou Casanovas
sarmengouc@uoc.edu
+34 619 413 823

UOC R&I

The UOC's research and innovation (R&I) is helping overcome pressing challenges faced by global societies in the 21st century by studying interactions between technology and human & social sciences with a specific focus on the network society, e-learning and e-health.

Over 500 researchers and more than 50 research groups work in the UOC's seven faculties, its eLearning Research programme and its two research centres: the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and the eHealth Center (eHC).

The university also develops online learning innovations at its eLearning Innovation Center (eLinC), as well as UOC community entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer via the Hubbik platform.

Open knowledge and the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development serve as strategic pillars for the UOC's teaching, research and innovation. More information: research.uoc.edu.

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Research on the Mozart effect is ongoing, with new experiments planned until 2024, and background music may be useful in other cognitive domains, such as attention and concentration.

A new infrared spectroscopy device will be used to study brain activation during cognitive processes, and the study was published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.

The research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the study involved 24 participants with mild amnestic cognitive impairment.

Classical music was chosen for its balance between relaxing and arousing effects, but listening to classical music has no benefits for learning in people with mild cognitive impairment.

High-arousal music may have a positive effect on memory for people who use music as an emotional regulator, and the Mozart Effect is a complex phenomenon that requires further research.

In conclusion, the Mozart Effect is a real phenomenon that can temporarily improve cognitive performance, especially in spatial reasoning tasks, but its effects are not universally accepted and require further research.

The available evidence suggests that Mozart's music can have a positive impact on cognitive performance, but individual differences and other factors can influence its effects.

Therefore, it is essential to consider the limitations and complexities of the Mozart Effect when evaluating its potential benefits and applications.


Cats were highly valued in ancient Egypt due to their spiritual connections and the important role they played in the culture.

They symbolized strength and protection from nature, and were associated with the goddess Bastet, who represented conservation and spirituality.

The Egyptians revered cats and other animals they couldn't tame, and believed they protected homes from unfavorable energies and evil spirits.

Cats were considered signs and symbols of ancient Egyptian culture, and were placed in temples and worshiped as deities.

The Egyptians showed special respect for pets, wanting them to have eternal life, and even mummified them to grant them this status.

When a family cat died, the Egyptians would shave their eyebrows as a sign of mourning, demonstrating the significant bond they had with these animals.

This practice highlights the importance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture, where they were valued for their spiritual connections and role as family guardians.

Cats represented power and fertility in ancient Egyptian religion, and were associated with magic and witchcraft in medieval Europe.

The goddess Bastet, often depicted with a cat's head, symbolized family warmth and joy, and was also associated with pregnancy and childbirth.

Overall, the high value placed on cats in ancient Egypt is evident in their spiritual significance, cultural importance, and the respect shown to them, even in death.

Cats were highly valued in ancient Egypt due to their spiritual connections and the important role they played in the culture.

Title:

Content: Pharaonic Monuments: "Secrets" Revealed by "Rare" Mummies of Egyptian Crocodiles
• Mohammed Hamida
• BBC - Cairo
The ancient Egyptian worshiped animals and placed them in the ranks of gods, making them various temples.
Thus, the calf "Apis", the cat "Bess", the jackal and the cobra are all signs and symbols of the ancient Egyptian, he resorted to them to give him strength and protect him from the treachery of nature at times.
Crocodiles represented prestige, strength, invincibility and even fertility, according to sources.
In the Qubat al-Hawa area on the west bank of the Nile in Aswan, some excavations were made in a rock tomb dedicated to major figures during the Middle Kingdom of the ancient Egyptian era, where crocodile mummies were found.
In the Middle Kingdom, crocodile worship spread to Egypt, where the country was in a period of great prosperity.
The central state consisted of the 11th to 13th dynasties, with Egypt as a state with influence in areas from the Syrian coast in the north to Nubia in the south.
But Egypt entered after the thirteenth dynasty in a huge stumbling block, was the prelude to the occupation of the Hyksos for decades, only by the hands of the king Saknin Ra and his sons Kams and Ahmos, where Ahmos completed the task of driving the Hyksos out of the country after the killing of his father and brother.
But the cult of the “alligator god ” did not disappear despite the age of decay that prevailed in the country; it existed even after the end of the dynastic era.
Ten crocodiles in the area of   the Dome of the Air
A team from the University of Chian, Spain, has worked in the Quba al-Hawa area since 2008 in rock tombs, and in 2019 the team revealed 10 crocodiles in good condition of embalming on the West Bank of the Nile.
Alejandro Jiménez, professor of Egyptology at the Spanish University of Jian and director of the excavation project at the Dome of the Hawa, told the BBC that although the linen wraps around these crocodiles had disappeared, the condition of the crocodiles is considered good, which is rare in this region.
Jimenez added that this gave scientists the opportunity to study crocodiles from this era diligently after we found them in good condition, studies were done in museums on the remains of crocodiles, but in our case we studied them in the cemetery.
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Why the crocodile?
The ancient Egyptian worshiped animals, especially those that he could not tame and humiliate for his domestic or foreign works, so he went to sanctify them and put them in the ranks of gods, according to scholars.
The "crocodile god" or what the ancient Egyptians called "Sobek", is an ancient Egyptian god associated with the Nile, and is depicted in the form of a man with the head of a crocodile, or directly in the form of a crocodile, and symbolizes in ancient Egyptian religion power and fertility, and was especially associated with the dangers posed by the Nile with its flood.
But references from some sources confirm that the nicknames given to the "Sobek" were representative of the violent and huge nature of the crocodile, he was called "the one who eats while sleeping", according to the Italian Egyptologist Ida Bresciani.
Sobek was the fertility god of the ancient Egyptians.
Alejandro says some of the crocodiles found in the area of   the Dome of the Hawa are up to three meters long, which raises the question of how to catch and deal with these huge animals.
Alejandro estimated that these animals were left in the sun for a long time, dehydrated and died before the embalming process where we found them.
The report, published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE, indicates that the crocodiles discovered were covered with a layer of bitumen, which is common in the later periods of ancient history.
The magazine says the roof of all the skulls of the Hawa Dome crocodiles is intact, and there are no traces that could be linked to the killing of animals.
She stressed that among the various methods mentioned to kill crocodiles, those that do not leave obvious traces.
Stones in the crocodile's belly.
The manager of the excavation project at the Dome of the Hawa says that the vital organs of the crocodiles were impressively present in the mummies, and that the stomach was not removed as usual when embalming, and it is likely that these crocodiles were buried in the sand and after a while they were covered with bitumen and embalmed as they are.
Alejandro confirms that a number of stones have been found inside the stomach of crocodiles, which is a common practice used by crocodiles to balance them inside the water.
He points out that he has discovered two types of crocodiles, the Nile crocodile and the West African crocodile of different lengths.
The crocodiles were roaming over Egypt with the flood of the Nile, a supernatural force of the ancient Egyptian who feared and was preparing for the great river.
Floods were destroying the habitats of animals living on the banks of the Nile and rats were rushing into the highlands and cobras were killing mice, so the Egyptians revered them and placed them on the crowns of kings.
The crocodile was also a creature too great to satisfy its appetite for a mouse, for example, so during the Nile flood it attacked cows and possibly people.
The Egyptians therefore placed him among the great gods associated with the flood of the Nile.
The Spanish scientist points out that the importance of detection comes from the fact that many of the studies carried out in the past years on crocodile mummies were about the remains of crocodiles that were in museums and not in cemeteries like this case, which gave us a lot of unique information.
Many museums around the world have Egyptian animal mummies and crocodiles among them.
The Egyptian Museum in Cairo has the largest collection of animal mummies, yet the crocodiles discovered are extremely rare in modern fossils.

They symbolized strength and protection from nature, and were associated with the goddess Bastet, who represented conservation and spirituality.

Title:

Content: Museum organizes events for visitors to see pet cats
July 29, 2024 07: 15
Eastern Network Television
More News Clips
Visitors lined up at the entrance of the Shanghai Museum with their pet cats.
The Shanghai Museum recently held the "Top of the Pyramids: Ancient Egyptian Civilization Exhibition", in which the People's Square Museum opened on Saturday (27th), the "Museum Curious Night" held on Saturdays, a series of nine shows.
At the first event, about 200 spectators and cute pet cats gathered at the venue to watch the exhibition.
Before the launch, many visitors with pet cats were waiting in line at the entrance of the Shanghai Museum, and about 200 cats were dressed up to attend, attracting many passers-by to stop and take photos.
Among them, the hairless cat held by Ms. Huo attracted the attention of many passersby.
She said that in order to prepare for the exhibition, she specially took the cat downstairs for a walk two days before the event began to help the cat adapt to the multi-person environment.
Visitors can take photos with their pets in the Cat Temple area in the exhibition hall, and can also experience items such as "Giant Cat Sculpture Photo" and "Cat Claw Interactive Message".
In ancient Egyptian civilization, the mythical goddess of the cat's head, Bastard, was a symbol of conservation and spirituality, which matched the love of cats today.

The Egyptians revered cats and other animals they couldn't tame, and believed they protected homes from unfavorable energies and evil spirits.

Title:

Content: As before, cats were used to ward off evil spirits: try it yourself
Where did the idea that cats ward off evil spirits come from?
1: 39
Since ancient times, cats have been famous for their mystery and special abilities.
In the world of folklore and legends, they often act as protectors against evil spirits and evil forces.
In antiquity and the Middle Ages it was believed that cats have a special sacred gift that helps them protect their homes and their owners from unfavorable energies.
In Egyptian mythology, cats were considered sacred animals associated with the goddess Bastet.
They were depicted as defenders of the home, as well as patrons of the family.
In medieval Europe, cats were often associated with magic and witchcraft, leading to their persecution during the Inquisition.
However, among the peoples of Scandinavia and Great Britain, cats were often seen as a symbol of protection from evil spirits.
In Scandinavian mythology, cats were considered companions of warriors and guides of souls of the dead on Asgard.
They were also supposed to be able to see hidden worlds and predict the future.
In the English folklore tradition, the black cat was considered a symbol of good luck and protection from evil spirits.
In medieval England, it was even believed that the owners of black cats have a special charm and protection from misfortune.
In Scotland, it was believed that if a black cat visits a house, it brings good luck and well-being to the family.
Traditions and legends about the protective power of cats are preserved in the modern world.
Many people still consider their furry friends not only faithful companions, but also mystical guardians, able to scare away evil spirits and bring harmony to the house.
Author Ilya Panferov
Ilya Panferov — freelance correspondent of Pravda.Ru

Cats were considered signs and symbols of ancient Egyptian culture, and were placed in temples and worshiped as deities.

The Egyptians showed special respect for pets, wanting them to have eternal life, and even mummified them to grant them this status.

Title:

Content: The mummy of a pet: why and why did the ancient Egyptians do this?
1: 43
The Egyptians showed special respect for their pets, their love was so great that they wanted these animals to have eternal life.
After death, pets were mummified and went through a complex burial process.
In ancient Egyptian worldview, four-legged and feathered creatures were considered sacred, divine and influencing their destinies.
They occupied an honorable place in the pantheon, and the gods were often depicted with animal heads.
Mummification was an integral part of this religious practice, emphasizing the special status of these creatures in the eyes of the Egyptians.
The Egyptians mummified various animals, believing that their gods could take different forms.
For example, the goddess Bast, the daughter of Ra, was depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat ’ s head.
This goddess symbolized well-being, joy, love and fertility.
The Egyptians especially revered cats for their ability to exterminate rodents, which was critical for preserving grain stocks, then considered valuable as gold.
Cats have also earned the nickname “sunny eye ” due to their ability to see in the dark.
This property made them important symbols in Egyptian mythology.
Archaeological studies conducted at the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa have uncovered the burial of crocodiles, one of which has been preserved in the form of a practically whole mummy, providing a unique look at the ancient rites and veneration of animals in this culture.
Author Petr Deryabin
Petr Deryabin – journalist, correspondent of Pravda.Ru news service

When a family cat died, the Egyptians would shave their eyebrows as a sign of mourning, demonstrating the significant bond they had with these animals.

Title:

Content: The cat becomes the goddess Baxter! 2 Meow to look: Are you also suffering?
Editorial Center / General Report
2022-09-02 13: 35: 40
In Egyptian mythology, Bastet is the goddess of the head of the cat, also known as the goddess of the cat, the goddess of pregnancy and childbirth, who was once a goddess of war, and slowly transformed into the guardian of the family, symbolizing the warmth and joy of the family.
And the Japanese master uses "simple one thing", so that their two black cats into the goddess Bastet, they look at each other high and low, as if to comfort each other: "It seems that you can not escape the master's claws ah ~".
This is an advertisement, please continue reading.
On the 1st, the Lord posted a message saying that he put a fruit net on his cat ’ s head to make it look noble and cute, and his wife laughed and said that he was like the Egyptian goddess Bastet. Soon after he ate the marrow and made another cat change, and two black cats forced to become goddesses, one standing on a higher cupboard, with the door as the center. They look down at each other, and they look at each other with a thousand words in their eyes.
Netizens reply "My cat also has imitation haha", "round eyes are so cute", "Sorry, I did the same thing to my parents' cat" XDD "," My dog has been played by my wife before, but it looks good (laughs) ".
(Editor: Li Huiting)
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This practice highlights the importance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture, where they were valued for their spiritual connections and role as family guardians.

Cats represented power and fertility in ancient Egyptian religion, and were associated with magic and witchcraft in medieval Europe.

The goddess Bastet, often depicted with a cat's head, symbolized family warmth and joy, and was also associated with pregnancy and childbirth.

Overall, the high value placed on cats in ancient Egypt is evident in their spiritual significance, cultural importance, and the respect shown to them, even in death.

Title:

Content: Home » Celebrating our fellow felines

Celebrating our fellow felines

by admin

Every August 8, animal lovers around the world come together to celebrate International Cat Day, a day dedicated to honoring and recognizing the presence and special role that cats have in our lives, this holiday has become an opportunity to highlight the importance of caring for and respecting our feline friends, as well as to raise awareness of the need to protect and preserve their well-being.

The role of the Cat in the History of Culture

Cats have played a significant role in various cultures and historical moments. From ancient Egypt, where they were considered symbols of divinity and associated with the goddess Bastet, to medieval Europe, where they were considered guardians of homes and farms due to their ability to keep rodent populations in check, cats have been around. present in human life in different ways.

In the Middle Ages, however, cats also faced hard times when they were linked with superstition and witchcraft, leading to persecution and slaughter. Fortunately, over time, the relationship between humans and cats has evolved towards a more harmonious and beneficial coexistence for both parties.

Education and care of cats

Photo: Pet City

Training a cat requires patience, understanding and knowledge. Here are some key tips to ensure your cat thrives happy and healthy.

Provide a suitable environment, make sure your home is safe and comfortable for your cat. Provide places for him to rest and hide, as well as toys and environmental enrichment to stimulate his mind.

Food and hydration, offers a balanced diet appropriate to the needs of your cat. It often provides fresh, clean water.

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Litter box, keep a clean and accessible litter box so your cat can eliminate. Clean the box regularly to avoid health problems and bad smells.

Health problems and bad odors. Socialization and Play Interact and play with your cat daily to keep him physically and mentally active. Play with toys and interaction with other animals can be beneficial

Veterinary Care Schedule regular visits to the vet to make sure your cat is up to date on vaccinations and health checks. This is essential to prevent and detect any medical problem in time.

Hygiene, brush your cat’s coat to keep it clean and reduce the formation of hairballs. Also, take care of their oral health by brushing their teeth or providing dental treats.

Respect and love, each cat has its own personality and needs. He respects his space and his quiet times, and show him love and affection according to his preferences.

fun facts about cats

Courtesy Week The sense of smell, although we don’t talk so much about their sense of smell as about their vision and hearing, cats have a highly developed sense of smell. They use their nose to explore and recognize the world around them. They are amazing, they are excellent jumpers and can jump up to six times their length in a single jump. This is partly due to the unique structure of their hind legs, which gives them great power and flexibility. Mysterious purr, cats are believed to purr not only when they are happy, but also when they are sick or injured. Purring could have healing properties and help in the regeneration of bones and tissues. Cats in space, the first cat to travel to space was named Felicette, also known as ‘Felix’. She was launched by the French Space Agency in 1963 and returned safely. Tail Communication Cats use their tails to communicate. A pricked tail usually indicates confidence and happiness, while a wagging tail could mean the cat is excited or agitated. Born hunters, domestic cats retain their hunting instincts. They can hunt insects, mice and other small animals, which is also a form of exercise and mental stimulation. Exceptional night vision, cats have cells in their eyes called rods, which allow them to see in low light conditions. Their night vision is up to six times better than that of humans.

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The ancient Egyptian culture is known for its unique and fascinating relationship with cats, which were highly valued and revered in their society.

Cats were worshiped as gods in ancient Egypt, symbolizing strength and protection from nature, and were associated with the goddess Bastet, who represented conservation and spirituality.

The Egyptians had spiritual connections to cats and other animals, believing that they were forms of gods, and this spiritual connection was a key aspect of their culture.

In addition to their spiritual significance, cats were also valued for their ability to protect humans from evil spirits and to drive away unfavorable energies.

The goddess Bastet, who was often depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat's head, was believed to be a powerful protector of the pharaohs and their homes, and was associated with childbirth and pregnancy in Egypt.

Cats were considered sacred animals in Egyptian mythology, and were depicted as defenders of the home and family, bringing harmony to the house.

The Egyptians believed that cats had spiritual connections and were sacred animals, and they were often mummified and buried with their owners to ensure their eternal life.

The process of mummification was complex and emphasized the special status of animals in Egyptian eyes, highlighting the importance of cats in their culture.

Cats were also valued for their practical abilities, such as their ability to exterminate rodents and preserve grain stocks, which was a valuable resource.

The Egyptians nicknamed cats "sunny eye" for their ability to see in darkness, and they were known for their highly developed sense of smell and exceptional night vision [6].

In fact, domestic cats retain their hunting instincts to hunt small animals, and they can jump up to six times their length in a single jump.

Cats also use their tails to communicate confidence, happiness, or agitation, and they purr when happy, sick, or injured, which may have healing properties.

The significance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture is further emphasized by the fact that they would shave their eyebrows when mourning the loss of a family cat, a practice that was unique to their culture [1] [3] [4].

This practice was a sign of respect and grief for the loss of a beloved pet, and highlights the strong bond between humans and cats in ancient Egyptian society [1] [3] [4].

The association of cats with the goddess Bastet and their spiritual connections to cats and other animals emphasizes the importance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture [2] [3].

In fact, cats were considered symbols of divinity in ancient Egypt, and were associated with goddess Bastet, who symbolized well-being, joy, love, and fertility [2] [6].

The transformation of the goddess Bastet from a war goddess to a family guardian also highlights the changing role of cats in ancient Egyptian culture, from being associated with war and protection to being associated with family and fertility [3].

Overall, the ancient Egyptians valued cats for their spiritual significance, practical abilities, and association with the goddess Bastet, and their culture reflects a deep respect and admiration for these animals [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].

The significance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture is a testament to the unique and fascinating relationship between humans and animals in this society, and highlights the importance of considering the cultural and historical context of human-animal relationships [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].

In conclusion, the ancient Egyptians highly valued cats for their spiritual connections, practical abilities, and association with the goddess Bastet, and their culture reflects a deep respect and admiration for these animals [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].

The ancient Egyptian culture is known for its unique and fascinating relationship with cats, which were highly valued and revered in their society.

Cats were worshiped as gods in ancient Egypt, symbolizing strength and protection from nature, and were associated with the goddess Bastet, who represented conservation and spirituality.

Title:

Content: Pharaonic Monuments: "Secrets" Revealed by "Rare" Mummies of Egyptian Crocodiles
• Mohammed Hamida
• BBC - Cairo
The ancient Egyptian worshiped animals and placed them in the ranks of gods, making them various temples.
Thus, the calf "Apis", the cat "Bess", the jackal and the cobra are all signs and symbols of the ancient Egyptian, he resorted to them to give him strength and protect him from the treachery of nature at times.
Crocodiles represented prestige, strength, invincibility and even fertility, according to sources.
In the Qubat al-Hawa area on the west bank of the Nile in Aswan, some excavations were made in a rock tomb dedicated to major figures during the Middle Kingdom of the ancient Egyptian era, where crocodile mummies were found.
In the Middle Kingdom, crocodile worship spread to Egypt, where the country was in a period of great prosperity.
The central state consisted of the 11th to 13th dynasties, with Egypt as a state with influence in areas from the Syrian coast in the north to Nubia in the south.
But Egypt entered after the thirteenth dynasty in a huge stumbling block, was the prelude to the occupation of the Hyksos for decades, only by the hands of the king Saknin Ra and his sons Kams and Ahmos, where Ahmos completed the task of driving the Hyksos out of the country after the killing of his father and brother.
But the cult of the “alligator god ” did not disappear despite the age of decay that prevailed in the country; it existed even after the end of the dynastic era.
Ten crocodiles in the area of   the Dome of the Air
A team from the University of Chian, Spain, has worked in the Quba al-Hawa area since 2008 in rock tombs, and in 2019 the team revealed 10 crocodiles in good condition of embalming on the West Bank of the Nile.
Alejandro Jiménez, professor of Egyptology at the Spanish University of Jian and director of the excavation project at the Dome of the Hawa, told the BBC that although the linen wraps around these crocodiles had disappeared, the condition of the crocodiles is considered good, which is rare in this region.
Jimenez added that this gave scientists the opportunity to study crocodiles from this era diligently after we found them in good condition, studies were done in museums on the remains of crocodiles, but in our case we studied them in the cemetery.
Skip the podcast and keep reading.
Podcast
A simple change (a simple change)
Small change: What does your shopping basket have to do with climate change?
Loops
Podcast End
Why the crocodile?
The ancient Egyptian worshiped animals, especially those that he could not tame and humiliate for his domestic or foreign works, so he went to sanctify them and put them in the ranks of gods, according to scholars.
The "crocodile god" or what the ancient Egyptians called "Sobek", is an ancient Egyptian god associated with the Nile, and is depicted in the form of a man with the head of a crocodile, or directly in the form of a crocodile, and symbolizes in ancient Egyptian religion power and fertility, and was especially associated with the dangers posed by the Nile with its flood.
But references from some sources confirm that the nicknames given to the "Sobek" were representative of the violent and huge nature of the crocodile, he was called "the one who eats while sleeping", according to the Italian Egyptologist Ida Bresciani.
Sobek was the fertility god of the ancient Egyptians.
Alejandro says some of the crocodiles found in the area of   the Dome of the Hawa are up to three meters long, which raises the question of how to catch and deal with these huge animals.
Alejandro estimated that these animals were left in the sun for a long time, dehydrated and died before the embalming process where we found them.
The report, published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE, indicates that the crocodiles discovered were covered with a layer of bitumen, which is common in the later periods of ancient history.
The magazine says the roof of all the skulls of the Hawa Dome crocodiles is intact, and there are no traces that could be linked to the killing of animals.
She stressed that among the various methods mentioned to kill crocodiles, those that do not leave obvious traces.
Stones in the crocodile's belly.
The manager of the excavation project at the Dome of the Hawa says that the vital organs of the crocodiles were impressively present in the mummies, and that the stomach was not removed as usual when embalming, and it is likely that these crocodiles were buried in the sand and after a while they were covered with bitumen and embalmed as they are.
Alejandro confirms that a number of stones have been found inside the stomach of crocodiles, which is a common practice used by crocodiles to balance them inside the water.
He points out that he has discovered two types of crocodiles, the Nile crocodile and the West African crocodile of different lengths.
The crocodiles were roaming over Egypt with the flood of the Nile, a supernatural force of the ancient Egyptian who feared and was preparing for the great river.
Floods were destroying the habitats of animals living on the banks of the Nile and rats were rushing into the highlands and cobras were killing mice, so the Egyptians revered them and placed them on the crowns of kings.
The crocodile was also a creature too great to satisfy its appetite for a mouse, for example, so during the Nile flood it attacked cows and possibly people.
The Egyptians therefore placed him among the great gods associated with the flood of the Nile.
The Spanish scientist points out that the importance of detection comes from the fact that many of the studies carried out in the past years on crocodile mummies were about the remains of crocodiles that were in museums and not in cemeteries like this case, which gave us a lot of unique information.
Many museums around the world have Egyptian animal mummies and crocodiles among them.
The Egyptian Museum in Cairo has the largest collection of animal mummies, yet the crocodiles discovered are extremely rare in modern fossils.

The Egyptians had spiritual connections to cats and other animals, believing that they were forms of gods, and this spiritual connection was a key aspect of their culture.

In addition to their spiritual significance, cats were also valued for their ability to protect humans from evil spirits and to drive away unfavorable energies.

Title:

Content: Cat Cold Knowledge ｜ 4 Mysterious Legends of Black Cats Are Black Cats a Symbol of Good Luck or Bad Luck?
Author: Wang Meow Planet
Published: Updated:
Black cats are a symbol of bad luck.
If you have an IG, follow us!
Take a look at the mysterious legends of the four black cats!
▼ ▼ ▼ The Mysterious Legend of the Black Cat ▼ ▼
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Are black cats really cute?
The black cat looks very mysterious, in fact, super caring and loving, like to stay close to the slave.
A black cat is a tiger cat.
Tiger spotted is a characteristic of cats, not a breed, and can be called a tiger spotted cat with stripes and markings.
Look and see ~ Black cats are not necessarily all black, and some of their hair is brown in the sun!
Black cats are a symbol of auspiciousness in Japan!
Peach Blossom: Single women with black cats can make love smoother!
Black cats are the most powerful.
Black cats are different everywhere.
Taiwan: Unlucky
The older generation thought that the black cat with white feet would jump over the body and the body would rise.
China: Escape from Evil Town
The house is haunted, and black cats are invited to walk around the house to help ward off evil spirits.
Ancient Egypt: The Protector of the Black Cat
The ancient Egyptian goddess "Bast" is a cat's head, and at night will be transformed into a black cat to protect the human body and drive away the evil spirit.
Italy: Death is near.
Legend has it that if a black cat is seen lying on a patient ’ s bed, it means death is near.
Although there are many mysterious legends about black cats, they are actually very cute and close to people!
Further reading: The cat immediately meows after defecating is to invite the cat owner to enjoy it?
5 reasons behind it.
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[This article is reproduced with permission from Wang Meow Planet.]
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The goddess Bastet, who was often depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat's head, was believed to be a powerful protector of the pharaohs and their homes, and was associated with childbirth and pregnancy in Egypt.

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Content: The cat becomes the goddess Baxter! 2 Meow to look: Are you also suffering?
Editorial Center / General Report
2022-09-02 13: 35: 40
In Egyptian mythology, Bastet is the goddess of the head of the cat, also known as the goddess of the cat, the goddess of pregnancy and childbirth, who was once a goddess of war, and slowly transformed into the guardian of the family, symbolizing the warmth and joy of the family.
And the Japanese master uses "simple one thing", so that their two black cats into the goddess Bastet, they look at each other high and low, as if to comfort each other: "It seems that you can not escape the master's claws ah ~".
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On the 1st, the Lord posted a message saying that he put a fruit net on his cat ’ s head to make it look noble and cute, and his wife laughed and said that he was like the Egyptian goddess Bastet. Soon after he ate the marrow and made another cat change, and two black cats forced to become goddesses, one standing on a higher cupboard, with the door as the center. They look down at each other, and they look at each other with a thousand words in their eyes.
Netizens reply "My cat also has imitation haha", "round eyes are so cute", "Sorry, I did the same thing to my parents' cat" XDD "," My dog has been played by my wife before, but it looks good (laughs) ".
(Editor: Li Huiting)
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Cats were considered sacred animals in Egyptian mythology, and were depicted as defenders of the home and family, bringing harmony to the house.

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Content: As before, cats were used to ward off evil spirits: try it yourself
Where did the idea that cats ward off evil spirits come from?
1: 39
Since ancient times, cats have been famous for their mystery and special abilities.
In the world of folklore and legends, they often act as protectors against evil spirits and evil forces.
In antiquity and the Middle Ages it was believed that cats have a special sacred gift that helps them protect their homes and their owners from unfavorable energies.
In Egyptian mythology, cats were considered sacred animals associated with the goddess Bastet.
They were depicted as defenders of the home, as well as patrons of the family.
In medieval Europe, cats were often associated with magic and witchcraft, leading to their persecution during the Inquisition.
However, among the peoples of Scandinavia and Great Britain, cats were often seen as a symbol of protection from evil spirits.
In Scandinavian mythology, cats were considered companions of warriors and guides of souls of the dead on Asgard.
They were also supposed to be able to see hidden worlds and predict the future.
In the English folklore tradition, the black cat was considered a symbol of good luck and protection from evil spirits.
In medieval England, it was even believed that the owners of black cats have a special charm and protection from misfortune.
In Scotland, it was believed that if a black cat visits a house, it brings good luck and well-being to the family.
Traditions and legends about the protective power of cats are preserved in the modern world.
Many people still consider their furry friends not only faithful companions, but also mystical guardians, able to scare away evil spirits and bring harmony to the house.
Author Ilya Panferov
Ilya Panferov — freelance correspondent of Pravda.Ru

The Egyptians believed that cats had spiritual connections and were sacred animals, and they were often mummified and buried with their owners to ensure their eternal life.

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Content: The mummy of a pet: why and why did the ancient Egyptians do this?
1: 43
The Egyptians showed special respect for their pets, their love was so great that they wanted these animals to have eternal life.
After death, pets were mummified and went through a complex burial process.
In ancient Egyptian worldview, four-legged and feathered creatures were considered sacred, divine and influencing their destinies.
They occupied an honorable place in the pantheon, and the gods were often depicted with animal heads.
Mummification was an integral part of this religious practice, emphasizing the special status of these creatures in the eyes of the Egyptians.
The Egyptians mummified various animals, believing that their gods could take different forms.
For example, the goddess Bast, the daughter of Ra, was depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat ’ s head.
This goddess symbolized well-being, joy, love and fertility.
The Egyptians especially revered cats for their ability to exterminate rodents, which was critical for preserving grain stocks, then considered valuable as gold.
Cats have also earned the nickname “sunny eye ” due to their ability to see in the dark.
This property made them important symbols in Egyptian mythology.
Archaeological studies conducted at the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa have uncovered the burial of crocodiles, one of which has been preserved in the form of a practically whole mummy, providing a unique look at the ancient rites and veneration of animals in this culture.
Author Petr Deryabin
Petr Deryabin – journalist, correspondent of Pravda.Ru news service

The process of mummification was complex and emphasized the special status of animals in Egyptian eyes, highlighting the importance of cats in their culture.

Cats were also valued for their practical abilities, such as their ability to exterminate rodents and preserve grain stocks, which was a valuable resource.

The Egyptians nicknamed cats "sunny eye" for their ability to see in darkness, and they were known for their highly developed sense of smell and exceptional night vision [6].

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Content: Home » Celebrating our fellow felines

Celebrating our fellow felines

by admin

Every August 8, animal lovers around the world come together to celebrate International Cat Day, a day dedicated to honoring and recognizing the presence and special role that cats have in our lives, this holiday has become an opportunity to highlight the importance of caring for and respecting our feline friends, as well as to raise awareness of the need to protect and preserve their well-being.

The role of the Cat in the History of Culture

Cats have played a significant role in various cultures and historical moments. From ancient Egypt, where they were considered symbols of divinity and associated with the goddess Bastet, to medieval Europe, where they were considered guardians of homes and farms due to their ability to keep rodent populations in check, cats have been around. present in human life in different ways.

In the Middle Ages, however, cats also faced hard times when they were linked with superstition and witchcraft, leading to persecution and slaughter. Fortunately, over time, the relationship between humans and cats has evolved towards a more harmonious and beneficial coexistence for both parties.

Education and care of cats

Photo: Pet City

Training a cat requires patience, understanding and knowledge. Here are some key tips to ensure your cat thrives happy and healthy.

Provide a suitable environment, make sure your home is safe and comfortable for your cat. Provide places for him to rest and hide, as well as toys and environmental enrichment to stimulate his mind.

Food and hydration, offers a balanced diet appropriate to the needs of your cat. It often provides fresh, clean water.

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Litter box, keep a clean and accessible litter box so your cat can eliminate. Clean the box regularly to avoid health problems and bad smells.

Health problems and bad odors. Socialization and Play Interact and play with your cat daily to keep him physically and mentally active. Play with toys and interaction with other animals can be beneficial

Veterinary Care Schedule regular visits to the vet to make sure your cat is up to date on vaccinations and health checks. This is essential to prevent and detect any medical problem in time.

Hygiene, brush your cat’s coat to keep it clean and reduce the formation of hairballs. Also, take care of their oral health by brushing their teeth or providing dental treats.

Respect and love, each cat has its own personality and needs. He respects his space and his quiet times, and show him love and affection according to his preferences.

fun facts about cats

Courtesy Week The sense of smell, although we don’t talk so much about their sense of smell as about their vision and hearing, cats have a highly developed sense of smell. They use their nose to explore and recognize the world around them. They are amazing, they are excellent jumpers and can jump up to six times their length in a single jump. This is partly due to the unique structure of their hind legs, which gives them great power and flexibility. Mysterious purr, cats are believed to purr not only when they are happy, but also when they are sick or injured. Purring could have healing properties and help in the regeneration of bones and tissues. Cats in space, the first cat to travel to space was named Felicette, also known as ‘Felix’. She was launched by the French Space Agency in 1963 and returned safely. Tail Communication Cats use their tails to communicate. A pricked tail usually indicates confidence and happiness, while a wagging tail could mean the cat is excited or agitated. Born hunters, domestic cats retain their hunting instincts. They can hunt insects, mice and other small animals, which is also a form of exercise and mental stimulation. Exceptional night vision, cats have cells in their eyes called rods, which allow them to see in low light conditions. Their night vision is up to six times better than that of humans.

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In fact, domestic cats retain their hunting instincts to hunt small animals, and they can jump up to six times their length in a single jump.

Cats also use their tails to communicate confidence, happiness, or agitation, and they purr when happy, sick, or injured, which may have healing properties.

The significance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture is further emphasized by the fact that they would shave their eyebrows when mourning the loss of a family cat, a practice that was unique to their culture [1] [3] [4].

This practice was a sign of respect and grief for the loss of a beloved pet, and highlights the strong bond between humans and cats in ancient Egyptian society [1] [3] [4].

The association of cats with the goddess Bastet and their spiritual connections to cats and other animals emphasizes the importance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture [2] [3].

In fact, cats were considered symbols of divinity in ancient Egypt, and were associated with goddess Bastet, who symbolized well-being, joy, love, and fertility [2] [6].

The transformation of the goddess Bastet from a war goddess to a family guardian also highlights the changing role of cats in ancient Egyptian culture, from being associated with war and protection to being associated with family and fertility [3].

Overall, the ancient Egyptians valued cats for their spiritual significance, practical abilities, and association with the goddess Bastet, and their culture reflects a deep respect and admiration for these animals [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].

The significance of cats in ancient Egyptian culture is a testament to the unique and fascinating relationship between humans and animals in this society, and highlights the importance of considering the cultural and historical context of human-animal relationships [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].

In conclusion, the ancient Egyptians highly valued cats for their spiritual connections, practical abilities, and association with the goddess Bastet, and their culture reflects a deep respect and admiration for these animals [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].