The borrowing of English words into other languages has been significantly influenced by historical factors such as the colonial expansion of the British Empire and the subsequent global dominance of American culture, which established English as a lingua franca and facilitated its integration into diverse linguistic systems worldwide.

Globalization, technological advancements, and the proliferation of media have further accelerated the adoption of English terms in various languages, as seen in Russia, where Anglicisms have become pervasive in public and social spheres.

In response to this linguistic influx, the Russian government has enacted laws mandating the use of native equivalents for foreign terms in official documents and public speeches, aiming to preserve national identity and counteract Western cultural influence.

These laws include restrictions on the use of foreign borrowings in official contexts, with exceptions only for terms lacking Russian equivalents, and the development of normative dictionaries to standardize the Russian language.

France has adopted a similarly proactive approach to protect its language from foreign influences, particularly English, by establishing organizations like the French Academy to monitor and translate foreign terms before their integration into the French lexicon.

In Krasnodar, Russia, local authorities have mandated the translation of business names and signs into Russian to ensure accessibility and preserve linguistic identity, reflecting broader national efforts to limit the saturation of foreign words in public spaces.

The French government employs a comprehensive system involving ministerial committees and the French Academy to approve translations of foreign terms, underscoring the state's commitment to maintaining linguistic purity as a matter of cultural preservation.

Historically, Italy under Mussolini implemented strict policies banning foreign words and even local dialects, aiming to purify the Italian language, which serves as an early example of government intervention in linguistic borrowing.

In Taiwan, the Ministry of Education has launched campaigns to promote local language awareness and preservation, emphasizing the importance of native languages amidst the government's bilingual policy aimed at strengthening English proficiency.

France has also implemented initiatives like the CNET program to preserve the French language, integrating French education for children abroad to maintain linguistic and cultural ties in the face of globalization.

The political context of a country often shapes its stance on linguistic borrowing, as seen in Russia, where laws have been introduced to limit the use of foreign words, particularly Anglicisms, in official and public domains to protect cultural identity.

In Algeria, the legacy of French colonization has led to Arabization programs and laws aimed at reducing the dominance of French, reflecting efforts to reclaim cultural and linguistic sovereignty as part of national identity.

China has implemented policies to promote Mandarin and restrict the use of regional dialects and foreign languages, as seen in controversies over the suppression of Cantonese content on platforms like TikTok, reflecting efforts to strengthen national identity.

The Académie Française actively works to limit borrowings into French by employing a structured process to replace foreign terms with French equivalents, involving committees such as the French Language Enrichment Committee and the Prime Minister for final approval.

This regulatory approach includes monitoring new foreign words, proposing translations, and ensuring their adoption across official and public domains, demonstrating a comprehensive effort to safeguard the French language from external influences.

Borrowing English words in non-English-speaking societies often reflects cultural exchange and globalization, but it can also lead to concerns about identity erosion, as language is a key vessel for societal beliefs and emotional components.

Efforts to control borrowings are not limited to Russia; other countries like Cuba have mandated the translation of foreign business names into the native language to ensure accessibility and cultural alignment.

Countries with strong nationalist movements often view linguistic borrowing as a threat to cultural identity, as seen in Russia, where the State Duma proposed a bill to combat the use of Anglicisms in public signage and advertising.

In Estonia, nationalist policies have focused on reducing the influence of Russian language institutions, with plans to phase out independent Russian schools by 2035, reflecting broader efforts to strengthen Estonian linguistic identity.

The Kurdish nationalist movement emphasizes the preservation of the Kurdish language as a resistance against assimilation policies, advocating for mother-tongue education and opposing the prohibition of Kurdish language use in public life.

In the late Qing Dynasty, China faced debates over adopting foreign-derived terms versus creating native equivalents, ultimately leading to the widespread adoption of Japanese-translated terms for scientific and technological concepts.

France has implemented a comprehensive system to protect its language from foreign influences, including ministerial committees and the French Academy, which work together to translate and approve new foreign terms before they are officially adopted.

The widespread use of English as a lingua franca facilitates the integration of English terms into other languages, especially in fields like technology and science, where English terminology often lacks equivalents in native languages.

Efforts to control linguistic borrowing, such as Russia's recent law mandating the use of native language norms and restricting foreign terms, reflect attempts to counteract the cultural and political influence of globalization.

In Arab countries, efforts to protect the Arabic language from foreign influence include legislative measures to prevent the use of foreign languages in public spaces, such as shop signs and menus.

France employs a comprehensive system to safeguard the French language, involving ministerial committees and the French Academy to monitor and translate foreign terms, ensuring their integration into French while maintaining linguistic purity.

Economic factors such as globalization and technological advancements contribute significantly to borrowing English words in different languages, as English often serves as the lingua franca in international trade, finance, and digital communication.

The widespread influence of English in industries like IT, media, and entertainment further drives borrowing, as English terms are often associated with modernity and global connectivity.

In Russia, public attitudes toward borrowed English words are shaped by a strong desire to protect the Russian language from excessive foreign influence, with government initiatives promoting the use of Russian equivalents instead of Anglicisms.

One challenge governments face in enforcing laws regulating linguistic borrowings is the difficulty of defining clear criteria to distinguish foreign words from native ones, as many borrowed terms have become deeply integrated into the language over time.

France has implemented successful interventions to reduce borrowings from English, including the Toubon Law of 1994, which mandates the use of French in official government publications, advertisements, and workplaces.

Iceland has actively worked to minimize borrowings from English by promoting the creation of Icelandic equivalents for new terms through its Language Council.

China has taken measures to limit borrowings from English by regulating the use of foreign words in media and public communication, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the purity of the Chinese language.

Media and technology have significantly contributed to the spread of English borrowings in world languages by facilitating the rapid dissemination of Anglo-American terms through platforms like television and the internet.

The rise of social media and digital communication has accelerated the adoption of English-derived slang and abbreviations, with youth incorporating these borrowings into their everyday speech.

Proponents of regulating borrowings argue that excessive foreign words can undermine the integrity of a language, suggesting measures such as normative dictionaries to exclude foreign terms unless no native equivalent exists.

Critics of regulating borrowings contend that such interventions are artificial and counterproductive, as borrowing is a natural linguistic process that cannot be entirely stopped or reversed.

Italy has proposed a draft bill to ban the use of English in official communications, emphasizing the protection of the Italian language and imposing fines for violations.

In Algeria, English borrowings are increasingly replacing French in shop names and commercial spaces, reflecting a societal shift, while the government has historically intervened in linguistic practices through Arabization policies.

The borrowing of English words into other languages has been significantly influenced by historical factors such as the colonial expansion of the British Empire and the subsequent global dominance of American culture, which established English as a lingua franca and facilitated its integration into diverse linguistic systems worldwide.

Title:

Content: How technology has evolved the English language

Just like any other language has a variety of dialects, English due to the influence of so many cultures has a variety of pronunciation.

By Atul Mohan

The lingua franca, or in other terms the language for communication that is used by speakers of other languages, owes its popularity to the colonial influence of the English Empire and later on was pushed by the rise of American culture. The expansion of the empire led to the inclusion of a lot of vernacular languages into the mainstream language which created an extensive dictionary and grammatical tweaks. Due to this, ranging from vocabulary to grammatical rules, we have been witnesses to the changes brought in the English Language.

With the rise of technology and the internet, English as a language has evolved multifold at a faster pace. With more people being introduced to the language and bringing in their cultural touch to it, English is not what it used to be a decade ago. Let’s understand a bit more deeply how technology has had its impact on the English language.

Technology and English

Just like any other language has a variety of dialects, English due to the influence of so many cultures has a variety of pronunciation. Technology has played a crucial role in creating a uniformity in the pronunciation. With this, the pronunciations, all around the globe, have been the same, more or less.

The role of artificial intelligence, in recognising speech and making the correct corrections to it, has made English a much easier language to speak and has led to more fluency.

Archaic English, as recorded during the times of Chaucer, and later on during the time of Shakespeare included a set of words that, if used today, may sound absurd to many. With technology coming into play we have also seen a rise in globalisation, which has helped us incorporate a lot of new cultural terms. These terms vary according to the age group, area they belong to, among others.

With an increase in technological innovations, the process of this constantly evolving language fastened and we saw the incorporation of a lot of slangs, which seem very normal when first noticed but include a lot of cultural backstory to it. The idea of bringing in abbreviations as part of note making in the English Syllabus itself shows the change that has been brought about by the usage of social media. We have seen technology seep into our language in India in such a manner that today, telephonic conversation, email writing, text messages, among others. have all become part of our syllabus.

The ease of carrying a device in our pocket has made communication easier and makes every tiny thing that peaks someone’s interest “trending.” This has led to abbreviations and new words becoming more common. English, as a language is seen as a great stepping stone towards success, however with technology playing a role in it’s advancement, the language has become more informal and accommodating. It has not killed the previous words or grammatical rules, but it most definitely has made expressing ideas more easy and presented us with an extensive range of words to choose from. If we don’t seem to find the right word, technology has also given us the opportunity to coin our own term and add it to the English dictionary.

Widely spoken languages like English are expected to expand and subsume dialects into it to maintain its popularity and relatability. It’s no surprise that English has changed so much from its archaic form, so much so that it takes hours for an individual to understand what is written without outside help. However, with technology being used by the masses, the language has been seen to change its form at a much faster pace. Today words like slay, binge, vacay, among others. have become common in our daily usage just how beautiful, session and vacation or holiday have been.

The author of this article is Head, Growth, ELSA India. Views expressed are personal.

Also Read: Schools, HEIs to celebrate ‘Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas’ on November 15, announces MoE

Follow us on TwitterFacebookLinkedIn

Get live Share Market updates and latest India News and business news on Financial Express. Download Financial Express App for latest business news.

Globalization, technological advancements, and the proliferation of media have further accelerated the adoption of English terms in various languages, as seen in Russia, where Anglicisms have become pervasive in public and social spheres.

Title:

Content: In Russia, they are determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings
The Russian language is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
© Video: TRK "Zvezda" © Photo: TRK "Zvezda"
Read us on:
Store, Department, Home and other foreign words in the names of shops, cafes and restaurants in Krasnodar soon will not be.
The Cuban capital decided to abandon all foreign names.
The Cuban authorities obliged entrepreneurs to translate business into Russian.
“A sign in a foreign language or using transliteration or a sign in Russian has a big difference.
In part of the fact that 100% of our population can read, understand the sign in Russian.
And many, by ignorance and age, do not even understand what is written on these signs, ” said the chief architect of Krasnodar Artem Salamatin.
So far, the business has been given time until September 1.
But many entrepreneurs are ready to change now.
“Everything will be in Russian.
We will translate the site into Russian.
We'll change everything.
With pleasure, ” entrepreneur Hovhannes Hovhannisyan shared.
Words borrowed from foreign languages became an integral part of Russian many centuries ago.
Massive in our speech, they appeared in different iconic historical periods.
For example, the Mongol invasion.
And after the Patriotic War of 1812 - there were a lot of gallicisms, that is, French words.
Now in conversations predominate borrowing from English.
“We began to use foreign words very actively in areas where such activity had not been observed before.
First of all, it is the public sphere.
Social sphere.
Where actually came a lot of foreign words ”, – said the Chairman of the Association of teachers of literature and Russian language Lyudmila Dudova.
Russia is now determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings.
President Vladimir Putin recently signed a law “on mandatory observance of the norms of the modern Russian language when using it as a state language. ”
What specific rules are we talking about?
It's not clear yet.
They are compiled by a special government commission.
“The normative dictionary of the Russian language will be a single consistent comprehensive publication, which will be formed on the basis of dictionaries of the Russian language.
Interpretive, spelling, ” explained Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Tatiana Vasilyeva.
Thus, foreign words should disappear as much as possible from all official documents.
In addition, officials should not use anglicisms and other borrowings during public speeches and generally avoid them in their speech.
“There are so many wonderful and beautiful words in the Russian language.
But why then instead of the word mentor we say coach.
Well, it doesn't sound.
It seems to me that we need to get rid of such words that are imposed, ” said Lyudmila Skakovskaya, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Science, Education and Culture.
This law, according to officials, should protect the Russian language from attacks from abroad, where they have long been trying to abolish all Russian.
But now these sentiments have intensified even more.
The Kiev regime has long declared war on our culture and heritage.
Throughout the country, the monument to Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is being demolished, because it is he who is considered the creator of the modern literary Russian language.
And it was the language issue that became one of the main reasons for the bloody confrontation in the East of Ukraine in 2014.
Residents of Donbass then did not agree with the nationalists, they did not refuse the Russian language.
“They use the term underdogs.
All these years, when the Maidan happened, they etched Russian in the Donbass, for them it is a symbol of communication.
The Russian world is hysterical.
What connects the Russian world?
The Russian language, ” said political scientist Yuri Svetov.
The fact that our language and culture need protection is also said by the leaders of other neighboring states.
During the autumn meeting of the heads of the CIS countries in Astana, the President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called on his colleagues to create an organization for the protection of the Russian language.
“Our idea is to create an international organization in the image and likeness of the UN.
Using the positive experience of Francophonie.
The headquarters of which is located in Paris, ” said President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
Rossotrudnichestvo recently conducted its own study abroad, which showed that openly Russophobic sentiments are present only among politicians.
But ordinary people continue to willingly learn our language and culture.
According to the United Nations, Russian is spoken by 258 million people worldwide.
It is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
Abroad, Dostoevsky, Pushkin and other Russian classics are also read.
Expert opinion and analytics
Read more
read below the following news

In response to this linguistic influx, the Russian government has enacted laws mandating the use of native equivalents for foreign terms in official documents and public speeches, aiming to preserve national identity and counteract Western cultural influence.

Title:

Content: city news Yelets, news Yelets, Yelets news, Yelets newspaper, Red banner
Better than any passport.
0 0
The Russian government has submitted to the state Duma a bill to protect the Russian language from excessive use of foreign words.
The document implies control over the observance by officials and citizens of the norms of the Russian literary language and the inadmissibility of the use of foreign words, with the exception of those that do not have common analogues in the Russian language.
"Wet feet"
by "toptalische"
Fighters for the purity of the native language waited, because the discussion about it among linguists, writers, scientists goes on constantly, then quiet, then flaring up with renewed vigor.
The initiative of the Government of Russia, which decided to wedge itself into the disputes of professionals, is quite understandable and understandable.
Today, when the United States and the entire Western world are in a rush to destroy, eradicate, wipe out all Russian, the frequent use of Anglicisms in everyday life is at least unpatriotic.
In fairness, it should be noted that borrowing from other languages is a constant process.
Lenin also proposed "to declare war on the use of foreign words unnecessarily", and the intricacies of relations and mutual accusations of Slavophiles and Westerners entered the textbooks, as well as the textbook proposals to replace other people's "galoshes" with their "wet feet", and "sidewalks" - with "toptalisches".
In the 1940s, a new wave: the struggle against cosmopolitanism suggested “for everything Russian against foreign ”, including in the language.
A printer is a printer?
Meanwhile, all – both supporters and opponents – agree that there are concepts in their native language that came after the phenomena, realities created in other countries, and therefore the words denoting them, well, not ours, but they can not do without them.
A striking example is the computer, IT technologies and everything related to them.
The word “printer ” cannot be replaced by a Russian translation from English, since“ printer ” does not mean a device for printing, but a person engaged in this process.
By the way, this phenomenon is not new: even under Peter I, who “cut through the window to Europe ”, dozens of Dutch and German words for technologies and mechanisms poured into Russia.
And in opera, many terms are borrowed from Italian and have long been part of the Russian language.
And we calmly use such words as “federation ”,“ sphere ”, “national ”,“ commission ” and many others that came from foreign languages, but are firmly entrenched in our own.
How to be
in one bow
Meanwhile, one cannot but agree with the authors of the bill: recently, the speech of deputies of different ranks, officials, political and economic experts, heads of federal and regional, and sometimes local authorities is simply replete with foreign words that have simple and understandable analogues in their native language.
And if we are almost reconciled with merchandisers (commodity scientists in our own way), then what do you think of the expression from the fashion world “in one bow ”?
The well-known vegetable has nothing to do with it: in English look - look, therefore, in Russian it is an image, appearance, look, etc. In texts related to business, "marketplace" (literally from the English place of trade), as well as "startup" (start, start, take the first steps) or "webinar" (training video conference live).
In the field of education, they like to talk about “bullying prevention ”: this word means ridicule, bullying of children at school by peers.
Increasingly, “campus ” sounds, while the translation from Latin is a familiar campus for many of us, or“ coach ” instead of the usual “coach ”,“ mentor ”.
Abilympics
with WorldSkills
I will also swing at my favorite “quest ” recently: again with the English“ game, search ”.
I do not like the sequestered budget, because it is “cut ”, but transparent is more to my liking, because it is“ open ”, “transparent ”.
And who will prove to me that “exchange of practices ” is better than the usual“ exchange of experience ”?
Or for days on TV reported about the participation of Russians in the championship "Abilympics".
You will break the language by pronouncing, although this is only a competition in professional skills among the disabled, in another way they are also called the “Olympics of opportunities ”.
From the same series, the widely distributed “WorldSkills ” (WorldSkills) is also a competition, but students studying a particular profession.
We have such competitions took place in the times of the USSR, then they were safely forgotten, and now they are back again, only in a Western manner.
And here is another illustrative example: the all-Russian social project “Agrofoodsharing ”.
We divide abracadabra into parts: agro - of course, something related to agriculture.
In English, food – food, share – share.
As a result, we get a movement of agricultural producers who want to share with other people the surplus of their crops.
The idea, of course, is good, right, but why break the language?
And finally from the sore: "solving cases." Brilliant!
In English, the word “case ” has two meanings: a briefcase, a suitcase and the second – circumstances.
Therefore, in Russian literally "the decision of circumstances" or, as the know-it-all Internet interprets, "the study of the situation and the choice of a suitable solution."
They will leave themselves
on your own?
Most likely, the desire to cleanse the language by introducing a law at the state level is an attempt to distance oneself from the West, its influence, to isolate oneself from someone else ’ s and alien mentality, lifestyle and dubious values.
However, it is not very clear what it will look like in practice: will there be lists of prohibited words and expressions or just recommendations, and addressed to high-ranking officials and other “persons in the TV ” – after all, it is with their filing that all sorts of newfangled borrowings from foreign languages often go“ to people ”.
However, a few decades ago, our teachers at the Yelets Pedagogical Institute hammered us, students, that the language is a self-cleaning system, and all harmful, fake after a while will simply disappear.
It has always been so, and I want to believe it will be so.
KSTATI:
I assume that all borrowings are from our haste, eternal saving of time even on pronunciation and writing of words.
We usually write in sms a short, indifferent “OK ”.
While in the native language for this almost a dozen words: “good ”,“ okay ”, “agree ”,“ give ”, “let ”,“ good ”, etc. No wonder there is a catch phrase: “Speech is better than any passport ”...
Tatyana SHCHERBATYKH
VRF News

These laws include restrictions on the use of foreign borrowings in official contexts, with exceptions only for terms lacking Russian equivalents, and the development of normative dictionaries to standardize the Russian language.

Title:

Content: The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language - what should be feared - RIA Novosti Crimea, 16.02.2023
Registration was successful!
Please follow the link from the letter sent to
Radio "Sputnik in Crimea"
The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language – what should be feared
Philologists: in the fight against foreign borrowings in the language, it is important to prevent excesses
© Fotolia / daria rizaDictionary of the Russian language.
Archive photo
Read in
SIMFEROPOL, Feb 16 – RIA Novosti Crimea, Alexey Goncharov.
The main risk of the law adopted by the State Duma on the restriction of the use of foreign words is the excesses that can be allowed in the struggle for the purity of the Russian language.
This opinion was expressed by the interviewed website RIA Novosti Crimea and radio "Sputnik in Crimea" experts.
Chancellery is no less an enemy
On Thursday, the State Duma in the second and third reading adopted amendments to the federal law "On the state language of the Russian Federation".
The law, in particular, prohibits the use of foreign words at the state level, with the exception of those that do not have common Russian-language analogues.
Deputies also approved a list of areas where Russian is mandatory for use.
These include information for consumers of goods, works and services, as well as the education sector, state and municipal information systems.
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Philology of the Crimean Federal University.
Vernadsky Vladimir Orekhov believes this law is correct and necessary, since the Russian language needs protection.
However, the main problem is how this document will work in practice.
"Indeed, there can be excesses, and on the part of officials, who in many cases are themselves a source of stupid borrowing.
It is this category that often distorts the Russian language with stationery and borrowings, inventing some new formulas.
To make a beautiful project or report, you need to call the old with new words, preferably foreign, and, passing the old for new, somehow raise your prestige.
And then it already diverges, ” the expert explained in comments to RIA Novosti Crimea.
Orekhov also does not believe that young people are the main source of borrowing in the language.
According to him, youth slang is changing so quickly that such loanwords rarely take root for a long time.
At the same time, what is recorded in official documents, already, as they say in a well-known saying, "you can not cut down with an axe."
Down with the Chancellery: Officials Were Requested to Speak Human > >
“Most of the borrowings that this law is designed to save us from are in official documents of different levels.
This also applies to the capital institutions, but to a greater extent provincial.
This is a kind of fashion – to show your knowledge using incomprehensible foreign words.
How to deal with it, I have no recipe.
On the other hand, this law in itself can change this fashion in the administrative environment.
In this case, he by the very fact of his existence will correct the situation, ” the philologist suggested.
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
According to Orekhov, the mechanisms that will be able to effectively implement the norms of this law should be developed through a wide public discussion, with the involvement of school teachers, university teachers, cultural figures and all those who are involved in the development of the Russian language.
Define clear criteria
Director of the Crimean Republican Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Doctor of Philology, Professor Alexander Rudyakov is also sure that the law adopted by the State Duma and the protection of the Russian language in general is a good thing.
But the question arises: where is the criterion that distinguishes foreign words from non-foreign ones.
After all, in our language there are many Russian words that are originally borrowed from other languages.
"My wife is a German, we often argue with her.
She believes that the word "barrier" is a German word.
And I, a simple Russian, I am convinced that this is a Russian word.
Therefore, it is important that there are clear criteria for all this.
That's what we're talking about.
The law is excellent, but it is important how it will be applied and what criteria will be there, ” the expert said on the radio “Sputnik in Crimea ”.
Another important fact to pay special attention to is professional universal terminology, said Rudyakov.
“In many branches of knowledge, say, in the banking sector, there are words that are, in principle, international.
It is probably not very smart to isolate yourself from the terminology that is inherent in this area.
Another thing is not to drag it into our public vocabulary.
This is also very important to understand and comply with, ” explained the philologist.
"Adapt and switch to Russian": how the schools of Kherson region work > >
At the same time, the professor agreed that today in a number of areas, including administrative and media, there is an excessive use of foreign words, which can be easily and simply replaced by Russian-language analogues.
"When you hear 'communicate', 'collaboration' - the hand reaches for the gun.
Somewhere I read the information that a "Children's Collaboration House" was built in Vladivostok.
That's what's scary, you know.
These are obvious excesses, ” said the doctor of science.
Rudyakov, who is also a member of the Council on the Russian language under the President of Russia, assured that he will raise questions regarding the new law at the next meeting of the organization on March 2.
Read also on RIA Novosti Crimea:
Quoting the classics: how and why great writers quarreled
Than English-language words interfere in advertising – the opinion of senators from the Crimea
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
Leave the “barn ” and“ dog ” alone: a linguist about the law on the protection of language
News feed
0
New firstOld firstFirst
loader
On-line
Title of the material to be opened

France has adopted a similarly proactive approach to protect its language from foreign influences, particularly English, by establishing organizations like the French Academy to monitor and translate foreign terms before their integration into the French lexicon.

Title:

Content: How can we restore the Arab world to its leading position?
There is no doubt that the achievement of Arabic leadership among the languages of the world, as it was in the past, requires concerted efforts at all levels, politically, socially and economically.
These are four steps that can be adopted by any Arab country, and I believe that they will bring the Arab world a tremendous leadership, in the medium and long term.
Giving the Arab heritage and the sciences of the Arabic language, the highest priority in literary university studies.
There are university professors today who specialize in Arabic literature, yet they have never studied a house from Ibn Malik ’ s millennium, nor heard of Ibn Hisham ’ s testimonies.
Step one.
Fill the courses with the ancient Arab heritage of stories, proverbs, books, and poetry, especially poetry.
The frequent exposure of the student to poetry, grows his sobriety and strengthens his linguistic faculty..
Because the ancient Arabic poet is necessarily a linguist, his poetry is a precise linguistic selection.
This is why the Mahathir people in Mauritania are keen to memorize the old poetry of children, and the result is clear for the graduates of the old Mahathir.
The more the child memorizes old Arabic poetry, the easier it is for him to learn Arabic, and it is not important to understand what he memorized at the time of memorization, but it is important to drink his subconscious mind of tens of thousands of linguistic examples scattered in his archives, so he has a straight language quality, without realizing it.
Step two.
Giving the Arab heritage and the sciences of the Arabic language, the highest priority in literary university studies.
There are university professors today specialized in Arabic literature, yet they have never studied a house from the millennium of Ibn Malik, nor have they heard the testimonies of Ibn Hisham, and the reason is that the modernist trend prevailed in the university halls, and the predominance of interest in Western literary models such as Dadaism, Surrealism and others. The Arabic language and its sciences must be a priority in the university environment.
If the opposite happens as it is today, you will find many specialists in language and graduates of the Department of Arabic Language, have nothing to do with language or literature, just as we saw an Arab university professor, specializing in rhetoric, can not read a paper she wrote, this is because the faculties of Arabic literature - except God 's mercy - neglect the science of language, and interested in modern curricula intrusive, resulting in "language specialists" They don ’ t know the language!
We have also seen from the results of this, that many graduates of the literary departments, know the leaders of literature in the West and boast about it, and are ignorant of the leaders of Arabic literature and are not ashamed of it.
These professors, except from the mercy of God, were raised in their universities to marginalize the science of the Arabic language and its heritage, and to provide modern literature translated from English, French and others, they are not specialists in the Arabic language, but specialists in the Arabic version of English literature.
Step three.
Protect the Arabic language by laws, and protect it from the invasion of foreign languages.
It is not right to see a shop in an Arab country that places a sign in a foreign language, a restaurant in an Arab country, a menu in a foreign language, a school in an Arab country that makes sure that its students are proficient in a foreign language at the expense of Arabic, or goods entering an Arab market with posters and information in a foreign language, or a doctor in an Arab country who writes a prescription in a foreign language.
This leniency leads to distorted Arab societies, alien to this world, in which every country protects its language with iron and fire.
We have seen some Arabic language synagogues, which are supposed to be the protector of Arabic, tolerate the introduction of all incoming and outgoing into Arabic, and people have taken note of them and warned them of their error.
The Arab state must also use all its institutions to serve and protect Arabic, just as the proud nations do in their own language.
You have, for example, the French model, where the state uses all its organs to protect the French.
In translation alone, the whole state stands against every foreign word, where ministerial committees work to monitor the new words and propose translations for them, then those translations are presented to another party, the French Language Enrichment Committee, for approval, then they are presented to another party, the French Academy, for approval, and then they are submitted to another party, the Prime Minister for approval. Sovereign, in which all France cooperates, because the state sees the protection of French as an existential matter, and does not leave it to a linguistic college, university or institution, as we have the Arabs.
STEP FOUR
Linguistic censorship of art and media, especially art.
The Arabic series and films today are full of ridicule and neglect of Arabic, as well as many linguistic errors, and also full of many foreign words that these bullies have succumbed to: the writer, actor, director and producer, and they want to pass it to the poor Arab listener, to get used to listening to the intruder and his writing.
This is for works of art that are issued in Arabic dialects, and historical works that are issued in classical Arabic, you find a great chaos: you find an Abbasid or Umayyad series that speaks the language of the Mexican dubbed series: "I'm sorry, dear," "I'm a little upset," "Let me disagree with your point of view."
Although the proofreader of these works may be a university professor specialized in Arabic literature, but as I told you in a previous paragraph, these professors - except God 's mercy - were raised in their universities to marginalize the science of the Arabic language and its heritage, and provide modern literatures translated from English, French and others, they are not specialists in the Arabic language, but specialists in the Arabic version of English literature, it is not surprising that they write and authenticate Old historical baskets, you feel like you hear Google Translate!
These are the four steps: the first is related to elementary and intermediate education (filling courses with Arab heritage), the second is related to university education (giving the sciences of Arabic language and heritage, the highest priority, and not to modern translated literature), the third is at the legislative and executive level (protecting and fortifying the Arabic language by laws and the work of state agencies to implement those laws), and the art industry. from Arabic or ridicule them or work to spread foreign words at the expense of Arabic).
There may be other important steps, but these four steps, I believe, are one of the most important that can restore the Arabic language to its place in the world, as it was in previous centuries.

In Krasnodar, Russia, local authorities have mandated the translation of business names and signs into Russian to ensure accessibility and preserve linguistic identity, reflecting broader national efforts to limit the saturation of foreign words in public spaces.

The French government employs a comprehensive system involving ministerial committees and the French Academy to approve translations of foreign terms, underscoring the state's commitment to maintaining linguistic purity as a matter of cultural preservation.

Historically, Italy under Mussolini implemented strict policies banning foreign words and even local dialects, aiming to purify the Italian language, which serves as an early example of government intervention in linguistic borrowing.

Title:

Content: Spitting in the face of the Netherlands and the intimidation of the nuclear: what the propaganda of the Russian Federation said on February 21
3 minutes
552
The speech of Russian President Vladimir Putin before the Federal Assembly has already passed, nuclear threats to the world have traditionally been proclaimed, nothing unusual has happened.
Well, except for the next "Orvelovsky" aggravation among the Russian politicum, which once again indicates the near-death convulsions of the empire.
What the Russian propaganda has given out over the past 24 hours, the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security analyzed
Video of the day
Putin seeks to negotiate, but humiliates the West with his decisions
The basis of Putin ’ s much-publicized message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation was, of course, accusations of “solving the war in Ukraine ” against the West and traditional threats to use weapons.
The only difference is that Putin has officially suspended Russia ’ s participation in the Treaty on Strategic Offensive Arms.
"The Russian Defense Ministry and Rosatom must ensure readiness to test nuclear weapons.
Of course, we will not do this first.
But if the United States conducts a test, and we will, ” — said the head of the Kremlin.
Such a step is actually another attempt to achieve negotiations on a peaceful end to the war with Ukraine.
This time there was a lot of blackmail.
However, Moscow for some reason does not take into account the fact that the West usually has a habit not to negotiate with terrorists, which, by the way, Russian politicians have actually recognized many leading countries in the world.
At the same time, with hints of a desire for dialogue, Putin continues to put sticks in the wheels of Russian diplomacy with his decisions.
For example, the assignment of the title of "Guards" 53rd anti-aircraft missile brigade - for "mass heroism and courage, steadfastness and courage shown by the personnel of the brigade in combat operations to protect the Fatherland."
At the same time, the "mass heroism and courage" of this brigade was to take the lives of innocent people on board a passenger liner of Malaysian Airlines on July 17, 2014.
There were 298 people on board, all of whom died.
By the way, a court in the Netherlands ruled that the Buk, from which the Boeing was shot down, belonged to the 53rd brigade of the Russian Federation.
But Putin somehow decided that the Netherlands would get away with such a diplomatic slap.
The FSB debunks fakes from...
Medvedeva
However, the ability to lie is one of the key skills to get into the Russian government.
Otherwise, it is impossible to explain the dominance of top propagandists in high positions.
A striking example is former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, who recently said that Joe Biden ’ s visit to Kiev was originally agreed by Moscow.
“Biden, after receiving security guarantees, finally went to Kiev, ” he said.
But the director of the FSB Alexander Bortnikov later said something different, in fact refuted Medvedev ’ s claim.
According to the official, Washington did inform the Russians about Biden ’ s upcoming trip.
However, the United States did not receive any guarantees from Moscow.
Whether this is true is unknown, but the Kremlin ’ s general desire to increase its significance is too great.
He demonstrates this in relation to the Russian language, in defense of which a special law was recently adopted in the third reading.
According to the document, the use of borrowed foreign words is prohibited in public use - such as "trabl", "workshop", "fake", etc.
This applies to those definitions that have analogues in Russian.
The implementation of the law will be mandatory for authorities at all levels, courts, media, advertising producers, film screenings in cinemas, theatrical and cultural events, inscriptions on signs.
And this is a vivid repetition of history, because as early as 1929, a similar policy was pursued by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
Then, under the fascist regime, the use of not only foreign words, but also individual letters was prohibited in the country.
Also, even dialects and local dialects were recognized as “strangers ”, and it was impossible to use them publicly.
It is likely that a similar fate will soon await the Russian Federation, which will not surprise anyone at all.
The only nice thing is that everyone knows how the fascist government of Italy ended.
Therefore, Putin ’ s government will expect the same...

In Taiwan, the Ministry of Education has launched campaigns to promote local language awareness and preservation, emphasizing the importance of native languages amidst the government's bilingual policy aimed at strengthening English proficiency.

Title:

Content: Freedom Square awakens native language awareness
* The Schoolboy
Taiwan is a multilingual country, with an average of 1.75 languages per person according to the survey.
However, due to the influence of exclusive Chinese language education and media, the community has gradually become Mandarin, Chinese has become a natural built-in language, and even traditional local language food markets have often traded in Chinese, and the use of the mother tongue in the family is also poor, resulting in a loss of mother-tongue transmission.
In order to save the loss of mother tongue, it is necessary to actively promote local language awareness in the community.
Language awareness is the starting point for language recovery. Without a sense of language loss and a lack of understanding of the value and significance of mother tongue preservation, it is often impossible to rise up and fight for language preservation. Important groups or organizations related to the community, such as families, schools, public institutions, medical and social services units, shops, civic groups and community gatherings, must advocate the importance of native language and loss from the perspective of resources and rights. To raise awareness of the endangered mother tongue and stimulate action to preserve the mother tongue.
Native language consciousness is the navigator on the way to native language revival.
It is necessary to remind the public of the necessity and importance of speaking the native language in all important areas of the community.
Non-governmental organizations, such as the Taiwan Romanization Association, Caring for Culture and Education Foundation, and the Taiwanese Language Community, have been promoting the importance of mother tongue preservation in the community for a long time. Recently, the Ministry of Education organized a local language awareness promotion campaign, and the Hakka Committee promoted corporate social responsibility in Hakka, and called on businesses to join the “Do the same thing? ” activities.
Integrate the private and public forces, actively cultivate mother-tongue awareness, understand the knowledge, culture, identity, business, religion and health values of mother-tongue, and work hard together to create a happy mother-tongue community.
(The author is a professor of Chinese Literature at Taitung University and a member of the Taiwan Language Society)
No need to smoke, no need to grab, now use the APP to watch the news, guarantee the daily winning point I download the APP
I've added friends, thank you.
Welcome to [Free Commentary]
It's a compliment. Good.
It has been praised, thank you.
Editor 's Choice

France has also implemented initiatives like the CNET program to preserve the French language, integrating French education for children abroad to maintain linguistic and cultural ties in the face of globalization.

Title:

Content: Sabina Aliyeva: It would be great if children ’ s books were translated into all languages of the peoples of Azerbaijan
All the necessary conditions have been created in Azerbaijan for the comprehensive development of young people, the disclosure and assessment of their potential, increasing their role in public and political life, and turning them into the main leading force in society.
But it is not always easy to be young, for youth is the very time when a person is most exposed to criticism from the older generation: not so said, not so did, not from that beginning.
On the eternal theme of fathers and children, teachers and students, the employee of Minval.az spoke with Sabina Aliyeva, a teacher, head of the practice and career department at the Department of External Relations and Marketing of AGNA, who also spoke about what exactly modern Azerbaijani youth lacks for understanding such a multifaceted concept as multiculturalism.
I stopped criticizing our youth in 2020, when love for the homeland united everyone, regardless of origin and nationality.
After all, even young people living abroad have returned to Azerbaijan to take part in hostilities for the territorial integrity of the country.
And I realized that if young people have any mistakes, it is more our mistakes, we step on the rake, and they, in turn, hit our children.
We, adults, should approach each child more individually, rather than stereotypically, because the task of teachers and parents is to educate children in personal patriotism.
And therefore, starting with kindergarten, where kids meet with adults, it is necessary to invest in the souls and hearts of children more information about the positive aspects of our Motherland.
In addition, our children, our youth, should feel great care on the part of the state.
And you need to start with textbooks, books, instilling love for national culture and poetry, for Nasimi, Nizami, Fizuli, through correct translations, competently compiled school curriculum.
And the children will be drawn to the knowledge associated with their homeland, imbued with love for their people and country.
- Perhaps this is an expensive project, and, in addition, illustrative examples are needed for understanding.
Do you have such an example?
- Of course I do.
My children are in an international school and they have a department of Azerbaijani language.
And imagine, even foreigners begin to be imbued with love and respect for our culture, poetry.
They even make performances, play on stage, presenting the heroes of poetry Nizami and Fizuli in their faces, and these faces not only quote famous lines in foreign languages, they are happy to learn our state language.
I believe that our teachers should show their creativity, keeping pace with the times, in order to interest young people.
Patriotism is not only heroism on the battlefield with a machine gun in hand.
We can ’ t just fight all our lives.
Today ’ s task of pedagogy is to represent our country as widely as possible at various prestigious international competitions and subject Olympiads.
Today we represent the art of Azerbaijan, we must rely on books written by the luminaries of our pedagogy, we must make high-quality translations of our classics into English, which is today the main international language, and thanks to this step the whole world will learn about our history and culture.
But all this can be done only when in fact you burn with love for your people, country and your work.
This is true patriotism: to benefit your country, to sign discoveries, books, films, scientific works with your surnames – the names of the citizens of Azerbaijan.
It is necessary to be able to promote their traditions, to preserve them in their original, and not in a distorted form.
To date, only the SVS channel broadcasts programs in four languages: Russian, Azerbaijani, English and Armenian.
Nevertheless, the description of all our cultural traditions should be translated into many languages and translated into a much larger language range.
You see, we invite our fellow citizens to air, tell each other about national traditions, and all this remains in a closed circle.
Why don ’ t we have multilingual TV channels?
They should be created – within the framework of the state propaganda program.
We talk a lot about the importance of the native language, and yet little is being done in this area.
As an example, I can cite the program CNET, created by the French precisely with the aim of preserving their native language, fearing that the world domination of the English language will completely absorb their French.
In principle, the same fear all countries that have preserved their native language.
And thanks to this CNET, French citizens and children whose parents move abroad receive French education in parallel with the main one.
And, by the way, the university.
George Washington also joined this program, through which they teach English, the history of the English language, the history of America.
Today, we also need to lobby our culture, national values and our language in the global space.
For example, we could create such a platform that all our Azerbaijanis living abroad, including representatives of diplomatic corps, could study the history of Azerbaijan, culture, literature, history of Azerbaijani music.
And if such a platform is created, the propaganda machine of lobbying for Azerbaijani culture will stand on the rails and run at high speed.
Another example: parents work in Europe, and the child, living outside his homeland, is removed from his roots, fragmentary coming to Azerbaijan to visit his grandparents, he is already alien to our traditions, culture, language, that is, he is for the most part already cosmopolitan, although today's perception of cosmopolitanism differs from the perception of people of our generation.
For example, the parents of such a child believe that their child in the conditions of cosmopolitanism will be more developed.
We are talking about more global things.
But at the same time, it must be remembered that every family, every family, has its own history.
Again, I see the problem in adults.
Often we just morally cripple our children.
- In what way?
Improper upbringing, instilled a lack of respect for other people, for history and traditions?
- Exactly!
Many “victims ” of the transition period, when it was fashionable to fall in love with Turkey, Dubai, completely forgot about their roots, and these people have changed not only their attitude to national traditions, but also the attitude of their loved ones to them.
Gradually, the circle of delusions grows, unfortunately, gaining more and more absurdities.
As many examples as you want.
Let ’ s not go far and take wedding traditions.
There has never been a tradition in Azerbaijan when a bride serves the groom salted tea or salted coffee.
This is taken from the Turks, it is from them that this tradition is transmitted from century to century, but not from the Azerbaijanis.
Why don ’ t the Turks adopt our traditions?
No one asked themselves that question?
Further, the henna yachts were too modernized, when the bride already has a thick Indian pattern on her hands.
Further, in European countries there is a tradition of cutting a ribbon with pearls, so that the pearls are sprinkled.
Now this action is very popular at our weddings, although in fact it is the Azerbaijanis who have a sign that waking up pearls are to tears.
But today it is customary to climb into bank debts in order to play a “traditional ” wedding.
In fact, it is sad that we adopt everything, collect it in one pot, and then pass it off as our own, and in the meantime other countries can see their own traditions in the “native Azerbaijani ” traditions.
And ideally, it is necessary that not we adopt someone ’ s traditions, but we adopt our original, own ones!
For example, in Lankaran there is a tradition when a bride after a wedding for 40 days should not fall on the eyes of her mother-in-law and mother-in-law.
Did you know about this?
I'm sure you don't!
Nevertheless, this tradition is, like many others, forgotten in connection with the “unfashionable ”.
Azerbaijan is a multi-ethnic country, and each region has its own wedding ceremonies.
Why prepare salty tea, if in Azerbaijan there is a tradition to serve two-color tea - light and dark?
That's our raisin!
But we are gradually forgetting our traditions.
Remember when we were in school, we had the subject "Ethics and Psychology of Family Life"?
We had labor lessons, where we learned the basics of cooking national dishes.
Now these classes have been canceled, it is not clear what kind of program children are engaged in in primary school.
The new generation really believes that pizza is our national fast food.
I held the National Fast Food Festival in Shahdag, where I explained that our fast food is gutabs, not doner, not shawarma, not pizza!
Maybe we should do more literacy?
Maybe we should return the work lesson and the subject “Psychology of family life ” to the curriculum?
We need a new textbook on these disciplines, and in this textbook the authors should describe our real national traditions, and the traditions not only of Azerbaijanis, but also of all the numerous peoples living on the territory of our country.
Because the same Lezgins, Udins, Tatars, Russians, Avars, Tsakhurs, Tats, Ingiloys and other peoples must also remember and honor their national traditions.
And every child reading this textbook will understand how diverse our country is, how many nationalities live in it, honoring and observing not only the traditions of Azerbaijan, but also their own, which have been formed in their genes for centuries.
In our childhood, we equally loved and knew the Azerbaijani Novruz Bayram, Russian and Jewish Easter, Tatar Sabantuy, Lezgin Yaran suvar, there were traditional celebrations of all these dates in the Park of Friendship of Peoples, when the inhabitants of Baku gathered and tried festive dishes, swirled in fiery national dances, exchanged stories and traditions.
We knew that on Russian Easter people whitewash houses and trunks of trees, bake cakes, pies and paint eggs, went home, knocked on houses to the Russians to get a treat.
The Jews treated us with matzah, the Lezgins with tskan.
And by the way, we grew up multilingual, and many children even spoke the languages of their friends in the yard and on the street.
This tradition has been forgotten, alas.
And if some holidays are celebrated today, they have long been turned into a show that does not carry any cultural meaning, except for a visual effect.
And during the celebration of Novruz Bayramy in Baku, papakha is thrown under the door no longer in order to get traditional sweets, but in order to get money.
You will probably laugh, but they already put their credit card number in the papakha so that the person who opened the door can see and transfer the money.
And if it's a joke, it's not funny at all!
You can not treat national traditions like this, this is blasphemy.
There is another very important point regarding multiculturalism in our country.
In Hussars there is a very beautiful library, which, unfortunately, only small fragments of books in Lezgin, Dargin and Avar languages.
But why don't we turn all this into a more precious treasure?
Why should this linguistic multinational wealth of our country not be multiplied, not spread?
In the hussar library, I spent a day of knowledge, and there were Lezgin children at the festival who were holding a book in their native language for the first time, and this is actually a great tragedy.
But how great it would be if children ’ s books were translated into all the languages of the peoples inhabiting our native Azerbaijan, so that the children of our multinational country would read and listen to audio fairy tales in the language of their people and know the history of their people, who lived compactly in their native Azerbaijan for many centuries.
Only then will our young people be happy.
Yana Madatova

The political context of a country often shapes its stance on linguistic borrowing, as seen in Russia, where laws have been introduced to limit the use of foreign words, particularly Anglicisms, in official and public domains to protect cultural identity.

In Algeria, the legacy of French colonization has led to Arabization programs and laws aimed at reducing the dominance of French, reflecting efforts to reclaim cultural and linguistic sovereignty as part of national identity.

Title:

Content: -- -- -- / -- -- --
Site Management
Arabic Language and Cultural Security
Walid Boudaila
• 34
• 0
We live in an accelerated world in which ideas and technologies are being pursued, and cultures and identities are threatened by many opposing values and contrary to their essence and meanings. Voices have been raised calling for the need to develop rules and strategies that preserve cultures ’ subjectivity and privacy dimensions in their dialogue with the global dimensions (American and European in particular).
Let us not forget that the French colonization sought to eliminate the Arabic language, to eliminate the Arab-Islamic culture, and then the monstrosity of the Algerian personality, and the French occupation has been isolated from other occupiers in the world by practicing civilizational, cultural and linguistic genocide of the people, in addition to the brutal genocide of massacres, killings and torture, in the sense that it targeted fields and minds, land and language, food wealth and cultural.
This is reflected in many of the decrees and laws he put in place to restrict Arab and Quranic education, and to eliminate the centers of Arab-Islamic culture in Algeria from his entry until his exit (burning of the library of the Central University of Algiers 7 June 1962, by the secret organization 0AS).
Although Arabic lags behind other languages for reasons that need reflection and research, due to the effects of colonialism and globalization, knowing that cultural security is an important part of national security (energy, political, community, economic, health and military security).
Any attempt or contribution to repel the foreign cultural invasion is part of building cultural and civilizational security, which is an important step to write the scene of immunity and immunity against the invasion threatening the entity of the state and the dispersion of the nation.
Dr. Saleh Belaid, a writer, linguist and president of the Higher Council for the Arabic Language, said: “Cultural security consists of two words with different meanings: security and culture. Security is the provision of a safe atmosphere for the circulation of the freedoms we practice. It is not separated from its contents, directions and ideas. ”
The importance of achieving cultural security can be limited to the protection of identity against different identities, in ensuring the unity and emotional and intellectual unity of the people of the same homeland, and in spreading the idea of self-pride and the effects of ancestors, with conscious openness to the other and different cultures without inferiority or fascination.
Foreign languages should not keep us away from our culture, heritage and land, they should not be a threat to the fertility of our Arabic language, and they should not cause alienation, separation and schizophrenia in our personality.
Cultural security makes the individual participatory, positive and effective, and able to face any external or internal societal changes, and makes him able to adapt to any changes in his society and his needs and aspirations, and helps him to employ his ideas in an effective way to achieve the best levels of progress for the homeland.
Dr. Abdul Salam Al-Masadi is one of the most prominent Arab researchers interested in linguistic security, a delegation who wrote the book “Arabs and linguistic suicide ” 2011, and the book“ Arab identity and linguistic security.
The collapse of the language system was due to the ineffectiveness and seriousness of this decision, and we in Algeria had to follow the news of many ministerial sectors (education, trade, culture, tourism, higher education...), and the position on Arabic, and then to see the many controversies about the reforms of the educational system, and the issues raised socially, culturally, religiously, and other issues specific to Algerian society priorities. From the perspective of the state and society, Arabization programs began in the sixties gradually from the elementary stages and continue to other stages, but not all initiatives and laws were written embodying and activating, for example, the state completed a law to generalize the use of the Arabic language on January 16, 1991. The Algerian identity.
With the strong presence of the French language in Algeria, its occupation of an important part of the cultural space and its fierce competition with the Arabic language, the issue of multilingualism in Algeria has become acute, especially after the adoption of political pluralism and the decline of the role of the state in cultural activity and social life, at a time when the process of Arabization has not been completed and the cultural references of Algerian society have not been resolved in the absence of a real cultural project.
Here we should read with deep awareness Dr. Farid Hadji ’ s book “French Cultural Policy in Algeria 1837-1937 ”, published by Dar Khaldonia in 2013, an important book in its field because it reveals French colonial practices and legislation against Arab-Islamic culture, relying on official documents to mold society and forge a new identity. The issue of multilingualism in Algeria has become acute, especially after the adoption of political pluralism and the decline of the role of the state in cultural activity and social life, at a time when the process of Arabization has not been completed and the cultural references of Algerian society have not been resolved in the absence of a real cultural project. ”
There are many forums, research projects and books that deal with the Arabic language issue in Algeria, and the relationship between language and social security, and we emphasize that the subject has received theoretical attention but the application is very incomplete.
The Higher Council for the Arabic Language has published a book entitled “Cultural and Linguistic Security and Collective Harmony ” 2018, which is the work of a school day, and many seminars“ Language Security and Social Stability ” have been organized across the country. Researchers across Algerian universities are carrying out research projects on linguistic planning and social security, on linguistic security and society, on the linguistic issue and the challenges of globalization.
They examine historical contexts and social profiles, examine levels of presence and absence of the Arabic language and propose solutions.
Among the important books we mention the book The Cultural Question in Algeria: Elite - Identity - Language (a critical historical study), and Dr. Mohamed Elaraby Ould Khalifa completed a book entitled: “The cultural question and issues of language and identity ”, and mention the efforts of Saleh Belaid (book“ On linguistic security ”) and the Supreme Council of the Arabic Language.
One of the free men who defended the Arabic language is the late Othman Sadi, who died on November 29, 2022, and when Algeria loses Dr. Othman, it loses a national fighter and a great intellectual, who made his pen a means of writing the Algerian identity in its Arab Islamic dimensions, not masquerading as Amazigh, he was keen to reveal Francophone practices in Algeria, values and references Western colonial books and books These machines constitute a deep awareness of the cultural issue and its role in building the state and protecting the nation, through “the Arabism of Algeria through history ” or“ the Amazigh Arabs ”, and other books.
He is an intelligentsia rooted in patriotism and cultural reference, as if he were telling generations that the nation is not only promoting food, energy and commercial resistance, but also linguistic and religious resistance.
Let us admit that the intellectual and political conflict continues with colonialism, and with it the linguistic conflict, but the means and methods change only, and that those who search in the field of linguistic or cultural security find many proposals and initiatives, and reach the point of preserving the Arabic language and protecting the state and society from the dangers of linguistic occupation and loss of linguistic sovereignty.
Disseminate the concepts of linguistic and cultural security among the members of the community in all ways, and provide the requirements for the success of the process of spreading this awareness.
– The need to link the topics of cultural preparation with contemporary cultural challenges (Internet, media openness, religious awareness), so as to achieve cultural security among young people, and preserve the national identity, because linguistic and cultural security is a prevention to protect generations from destructive intellectual intrusions causing sedition.
– Paying attention to education and their role in cultural security, encouraging children and young people to preserve high quality Arabic literary texts, encouraging them to literary creativity and motivating them, obliging private and foreign schools to allocate sufficient quotas to teach Arabic to their students, and returning Arabic to foreign language departments as it was before the LMD system.
– Seeking ways to train parents on issues of linguistic and cultural security and the importance of teaching the Arabic language and memorizing the Holy Quran, and encouraging its preservation from young and old, which is the responsibility of the state and society together.
– Consider activating the role of universities, scientific centers, institutions and associations to pay attention to cultural security, and encourage researchers and innovators in this field.
We also encourage and support researchers in energy, health, food...
Study centers and universities play a large role in highlighting the Arabic language and proposing ways to enhance its status, and this opens up the issue of caring for the humanities, legitimacy, literature and linguistics in universities and secondary schools.
– Providing religious, linguistic and literary alternatives to the content found in the Internet, through various pedagogical and linguistic applications.
– Openness to Western culture and benefit from its scientific development, to serve our national reference in culture, religion and values, so we know what the West and the East (China, Japan, South Korea) have achieved to serve their cultures and how they have spread and influence.
– The interest in the Arabic language should be one of the priorities of the authorities and politicians, because the linguistic issue is a political issue before it is a cultural issue, through the enactment of laws and through the establishment of institutions to protect it.
– Highlighting the Arabic language in daily trading and on the front of shops and commercial centers.
– Developing the linguistic awareness of media professionals through the issuance of the “Language Guide ” and the intensification of training programs to achieve linguistic proficiency.
Emphasize the role of media and cultural institutions in raising awareness of the importance of the Arabic language.
– The law on the generalization of the use of the Arabic language, which punishes officials with financial fines in the event of addressing the people other than their language, should be applied, and I also call for the filing of lawsuits by members of the community against institutions that impose administrative documents other than Arabic.
Add your comment
All fields are required, and your email will not be published.
Please adhere to the site policy in the comments.
Your comment has been sent for review, it will be published after approval!
COMMENTS
0.
Excuse me! Excuse me!
There is no content to show!

China has implemented policies to promote Mandarin and restrict the use of regional dialects and foreign languages, as seen in controversies over the suppression of Cantonese content on platforms like TikTok, reflecting efforts to strengthen national identity.

Title:

Content: In the afternoon, I would like to talk to you in Cantonese.
Font Size:
Cantonese is one of the "strong dialects" in the Chinese dialect, which is widely spoken and influential, and is used by many people in mainland China, Hong Kong and New Malaysia.
However, if the use of Cantonese in China's short video platform TikTok live broadcast in the near future, it is likely to be blocked.
"Sing Tao Daily", Hong Kong 01 and other Hong Kong media recently reported that a number of Internet celebrities from Guangdong Province complained on trembling, using Cantonese to broadcast live to half, suddenly interrupted by the platform, and even blocked accounts.
The first shot is the number of fans of more than 4.6 million net red "Guangdong beautiful little wind."
On September 30, he released a video in TikTok, complaining that when he was live-streaming in Cantonese between TikTok Live Broadcasts, the system suddenly popped up a reminder that "the live broadcast includes unrecognized languages and characters", and if he does not change to Mandarin, he will interrupt the live broadcast and be banned from broadcasting.
Feng Shao said that TikTok has the ability to automatically configure subtitles for Cantonese, but blocked the Cantonese anchor account with "unable to recognize the language" as the reason, he said that this is "very ridiculous", and announced that he withdrew from the TikTok platform.
The film can not be found in TikTok, but according to media reports on Tuesday (October 4), the film has received nearly 10,000 netizens praise support, and some Guangdong netizens stressed: "Cantonese people can not have TikTok, but must have Cantonese."
A stone stirred up a thousand waves, many Cantonese tape owners then came forward, claiming that they also encountered a similar situation.
One of the anchors, "Fat General Drive", said that he was also interrupted by the platform when he played the well-known Cantonese song "Glory Years" by the well-known Hong Kong rock band Beyond in the live broadcast room.
Another anchor, Professor Qin, said that because of the use of Cantonese in the live broadcast, the account was blocked for 24 hours.
Some of the anchors discussed the suspension of the Cantonese content of the film was also removed, and the reason given by the platform was "involving false information".
In this regard, TikTok customer service responded to the "Hong Kong 01" inquiry, said that the anchor can normally use Cantonese live broadcast, the platform will not directly make a "very serious punishment", but the platform currently has limited multi-language recognition capabilities, so it is recommended to use more Mandarin in the live broadcast process, so that viewers in different regions of the country can better understand the live content.
When asked if "limited multilingual recognition" can be considered to be a rough or sensitive topic for Cantonese, TikTok did not respond positively, only emphasizing that "some viewers may not understand (Cantonese)", so the anchor may receive a suggestion to use Mandarin when using Cantonese live for a long time.
TikTok also warned that if the above prompts are not rectified, it may “violate the live broadcast behavior norms ” and face the risk of being blocked.
However, there is no ban on dialect broadcasting in the Live-streaming Code of Conduct.
Internet users also do not pay for the explanation of the shake.
Some netizens questioned that the "unrecognizable multi-language" of TikTok is not true, because even if the anchor uses Cantonese in the film, the system can still translate these contents into subtitles, "unrecognizable" may be just a surface excuse, in fact, it is to strengthen monitoring and suppress Cantonese.
In fact, it is not the first time that TikTok has taken action against Cantonese content. From March to May 2020, TikTok has also been reported repeatedly to restrict Cantonese content to “encourage anchors to switch to Mandarin ”. The way TikTok took and the reasons given at that time were not very different from this time.
The difference is that soon after the controversy, TikTok updated the system, and anchors using Cantonese were no longer restricted or "recommended".
It is not yet clear how the dispute will be resolved.
As of Thursday (October 6), there is still no news of TikTok withdrawal restrictions.
China's official "push to scrap Guangdong"?
This incident provoked the nerves of Cantonese, perhaps because it was not the first time that Cantonese were “advised ” to change their idiom.
As early as the eve of the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, Ji Keguang, deputy director of the Proposition Committee of the Guangzhou Municipal People's Political Consultative Conference, suggested that the comprehensive channel or news channel of Guangzhou TV, which mainly uses Cantonese, should be changed to mainly use Putonghua broadcasting, or use Putonghua broadcasting in the main time.
The proposal has attracted strong reactions and criticism from various sectors in Guangzhou, and some people in Guangzhou have taken to the streets to protest and hold a series of activities to support the Cantonese language.
After the official came out to clarify that there is no "push for the abolition of Guangdong" situation, the situation gradually subsided.
More than 10 years have passed, and the debate on "promoting the abolition of Guangdong by universal suffrage" has rarely come to the surface.
However, the Chinese government's efforts to promote the popularization of Putonghua have not stopped.
In November last year, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on the Comprehensive Strengthening of Language and Character Work in the New Era, which specifically mentioned supporting and serving Putonghua education in Hong Kong and Macao.
At that time, the State Council also set a goal of increasing the Mandarin penetration rate to 85% by 2025.
A month later, a Cantonese program of the Guangxi Yulin Radio and Television Station was suspended, and the clever timing once again triggered the discussion of suppressing the Cantonese language.
Chinese officials have strongly promoted the popularization of Mandarin, the British "Guardian" analysis, this is to strengthen the Chinese people's sense of identity with the country.
But the price of this is that dialects will not be able to avoid the gradual decline, Wu (including Shanghai dialect), Cantonese and other Han dialects in recent years in public places and in the classroom have shown signs of decline.
However, it is not only the Han dialect that is affected, but also the Mongolian and Uyghur languages of China's ethnic minorities.
In August 2020, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region asked primary and secondary schools in Inner Mongolia to change the language of instruction from Mongolian to Chinese.
The local Mongolian people, fearing that this would lead to the loss of the Mongolian language, took to the streets to protest.
It can be seen that in the process of popularizing and popularizing the national common language and writing in China, it is not only the Cantonese language.
However, this time, the "ban" on Cantonese content may reflect the special status of Cantonese in the eyes of the official.
Political censorship in Cantonese
According to CCTV, including Guangdong, Guangxi and Hong Kong and Macao, the population of China using Cantonese is about 100 million; overseas Chinese and Chinese are about 7 million.
Some netizens believe that the population of the Cantonese language in TikTok is large, but the platform censors who understand the Cantonese language are insufficient and it is difficult to cope with the large number of Cantonese content, so they decided to control it.
In fact, the lack of censors does give Cantonese users space to post sensitive content.
According to Hong Kong's South China Morning Post, some Internet users posted in Cantonese criticizing the government's harsh anti-epidemic policies during the epidemic period in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, last month.
However, these posts were not immediately deleted, as the review mechanism was unable to quickly identify their content.
Some netizens said that many Internet users who use Cantonese will publish sensitive content in Cantonese, or publish obscene content and play the edge ball to attract eyeballs, which has become the target of TikTok's censorship.
More netizens speculated that the ban on Cantonese may be due to the proximity of the "Big Day" (the 20th CPC National Congress), the platform is worried about "turning over" and simply adopt stricter restrictions on Cantonese.
In addition, with the rise of localization in Hong Kong, the position of the younger generation in Hong Kong to defend Cantonese and traditional characters has become increasingly strong, especially during the anti-revision storm in 2019, Cantonese has become a major medium for some Hong Kong people to vent their discontent with Beijing.
For a variety of reasons, it is not difficult to understand why Chinese authorities have been vigilant against Cantonese as a cultural, social and political phenomenon, and to prevent the local consciousness behind it from expanding and crossing boundaries, and becoming an unpredictable time bomb affecting social stability.
LIKE Our official website for more information

The Académie Française actively works to limit borrowings into French by employing a structured process to replace foreign terms with French equivalents, involving committees such as the French Language Enrichment Committee and the Prime Minister for final approval.

This regulatory approach includes monitoring new foreign words, proposing translations, and ensuring their adoption across official and public domains, demonstrating a comprehensive effort to safeguard the French language from external influences.

Borrowing English words in non-English-speaking societies often reflects cultural exchange and globalization, but it can also lead to concerns about identity erosion, as language is a key vessel for societal beliefs and emotional components.

Title:

Content: Sociologists agree that there is a close relationship between language and identity, with language being the preeminent and most important identifier.
They consider that the most serious threat to the identity and culture of nations is linguistic and cultural appropriation by another party.
Language and identity are two sides of the same thing.
Language is not just words and words, but a vessel that contains the emotional components, beliefs and peculiarities of any society.
Hence, it is clear why every society is proud of its language, because language is the main way of protecting and fortifying identity so that it does not assimilate into another identity.
The history of the nations is a good witness, for example, the Arabic language has preserved the teachings of the Islamic religion, the Arab heritage and manuscripts and all the sciences, arts and literature provided by the Islamic civilization.
The Japanese refused and resisted any domination of their language, knowing that it would preserve their identity, as did the Koreans.
The goal of the powerful states, through the soft style of globalization, is to establish a state of linguistic, scientific and intellectual dependence to obliterate identity and block any path that may lead to creativity and development.
Ibn Khaldun in his introduction pointed out that the defeated is fond of the tradition of the majority, and this is what we see in some societies of a dangerous drift in the rejection of the mother tongue, and even ridicule it sometimes and link urbanization and development and call to keep pace with the times by speaking another language.
It is true that the learning of languages, whatever they may be, is desirable, provided that this does not lead to the alienation and obliteration of the identity symbol.
Experts believe that the pillars of identity are three: religion, culture and society, and that language is the official spokesman of identity and a means through which the world recognizes the power of states and the cohesion of their members and society.
There is no competition between nations except for language.
The language, interest in it and its rooting in various scientific, health, technical and other fields have a great role in the rooting of citizenship and the consolidation of belonging.
Protecting the Arabic language in our societies from the fierce attacks of globalization is a religious and secular duty, especially as it is a powerful and great language that has influenced many other languages.
The culture, strength and cohesion of nations are diminished when their people abandon their mother tongue and allow others to compete with it because language is the actual vessel of identity, and giving it the attention it deserves is what will push any country or nation to excellence and creativity.

Efforts to control borrowings are not limited to Russia; other countries like Cuba have mandated the translation of foreign business names into the native language to ensure accessibility and cultural alignment.

Title:

Content: To the New Frontiers: Spikai in Russian
Being in large cities, we all pay attention to the signs of shops, restaurants, cafes, firms and other institutions, the names of which are often written in English or the Latin alphabet.
What does this so-called street language mean?
.
Here, for example, on the sign of the restaurant at the top you can see the inscription in Russian - restaurant.
And below - the English letters BOLSHOI.
For what?
Yes, English is recognized as an official language, as a consequence of the colonialist policy of Great Britain, in almost 60 countries of the world.
It seems that Russia is falling into his linguistic bondage.
A particularly powerful onslaught of Anglicisms has become in recent decades due to the mass impact of TV, the Internet: the sphere of the Russian language has become rapidly filled with Anglo-American words and terms.
In fact, it is dangerous not to notice this, because language is the foundation of the culture of any nation, on which generation after generation they create a home of their spirituality.
For thousands of years, our language has absorbed Greek and Latin, Turkic and Polish, Dutch and German, French and English words.
Sometimes the process of borrowing went very quickly, as, for example, in the time of Peter the Great.
But even then, the danger of excessive fascination with foreign words was not forgotten.
The same Peter strictly admonished his ambassador: "... henceforth his relays to us to write everything in the Russian language...".
The struggle for the preservation of the Russian language acquired a special scope in the 19th century.
“To use a foreign word when there is a Russian word equivalent to it, ” wrote V.G. Belinsky,“ is to offend both common sense and common taste. ”
He was echoed by I.S. Turgenev: “Never use foreign words.
The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us. ”
Now, the further, the wider the so-called runglish – an ugly mixture of Russian and English.
It is not surprising that a generation is growing up in Russia, for which the texts written by Pushkin, Chekhov, Bunin become incomprehensible.
Under these conditions, in 2005, the parliament adopted and President Putin signed the law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation ”.
It is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language and the protection and development of language culture.
The aggression of Anglicisms has since weakened, but not so much that one can calm down.
The law is not properly enforced.
That ’ s why we read on the signs: FARШ butcher shop, EXTRIMLAND adventure park, and on children ’ s T-shirts: “Speak in Russian ”.
Author: T.
RAISWICH.
Newspaper "To New Frontiers"

Countries with strong nationalist movements often view linguistic borrowing as a threat to cultural identity, as seen in Russia, where the State Duma proposed a bill to combat the use of Anglicisms in public signage and advertising.

Title:

Content: The State Duma has developed a bill to combat anglicisms - RIA Novosti, 26.04.2022
Registration was successful!
Please follow the link from the letter sent to
In the state Duma has developed a bill to combat anglicisms
Head of the State Duma Committee on Culture Yampolskaya is preparing a bill to combat anglicisms
© RIA Novosti / Maxim Blinov / Go to photobankSigns of tour operators "Intourist" and Thomas Cook
Signs of tour operators "Intourist" and Thomas Cook.
Archive photo
Read ria.ru in
MOSCOW, April 26 – RIA Novosti.
The head of the Duma Committee on culture Elena Yampolskaya (“United Russia ”) said that is preparing a project to toughen the fight against borrowing from other languages on the signs of outdoor advertising.
“The draft law is now ready.
And we'll start talking to our colleagues, we'll start talking.
We need to tighten the norm against anglicisms...
We will introduce in the near future, first to the discussion of the faction and the party, and then all interested departments.
This is to the issue of creating a nationally oriented environment, "Yampolskaya said at a press conference.
Matvienko urged to protect the Russian language from external borrowings
She also gave data on the number of signs in foreign languages in Russian cities.
“We just walked through the central streets and counted the number of signs (in foreign languages).
This is not a purely Moscow disease, I see in other cities.
The statistics are as follows: there are more Latin signs on the central streets by 30-50% than signs in Russian, "Yampolskaya said.
According to her, with a change in this situation, it is necessary to start the creation of a "nationally oriented environment".
“And (when you walk around the city) you already begin to not understand what country we live in.
What is the state language here?
And if in the case of trademarks it is at least somehow possible to explain, then if Russian words with incomprehensible provincial ponts are written in Latin, then this (is) a bad taste fashion.
In fact, the creation I would have started with (creating the environment), ” she added.
VTsIOM found out how Russians relate to borrowings in the Russian language
News feed
0
New firstOld firstFirst
loader
On-line
Title of the material to be opened
To participate in the discussion
log in or register
loader
Chats
Title of the material to be opened

In Estonia, nationalist policies have focused on reducing the influence of Russian language institutions, with plans to phase out independent Russian schools by 2035, reflecting broader efforts to strengthen Estonian linguistic identity.

Title:

Content: Karl Lembit Laane: Russian schools, Jakob Hurt and would-be Estonianness

Any attempt to rob a person of their nationality is among the greatest crimes one can commit against a human being and justifies resistance, Karl Lembit Laane writes based on the ideas of Jakob Hurt.

Estonian nationalism has been preoccupied with the so-called Russian question since the 1990s. The question of what to do with the local Russian minority.

Proposals to that effect have always included a voice urging the direct or indirect erasure of Russian nationhood in Estonia and dismantling of institutions manufacturing Russian identity. Independent Russian schools are one such institution.

By late 2021, we know from the national Estonian language development plan that the end of the institution will happen gradually between now and 2035. Estonian nationalism seems to have arrived at a final solution.

Among Socrates' endless conversations, we find two claims that could be considered teachings. That it is "better to harm oneself than others" and that it is "better to be at odds with the world than with oneself."

Therefore, it would perhaps be good to return to the origins of Estonian nationalism and consider how our ancestors would have answered this question were they among us today – among people who are rulers in their own land, as opposed to subjects, and whose actions determine the fate of the peoples they rule over.

What would Jakob Hurt, who knew that Estonians would never become great in number and could only become great in spirit, think of our solution?

In his 1874 speech titled "Current Estonian Affairs" that was given at the Livonian Teachers Synod where the national aspirations of Estonian ministers had been suppressed, Hurt offered three ideas that can be considered noteworthy in the current context:

Firstly:

"Every nation has a natural and God-given right to exist and develop… Every… violent repopulation committed against that nation's will constitutes interfering with the natural order of things… and a spiritual massacre against the progression of humanity that will prove extremely costly in the end."

In other words, any attempt to strip a person of their nationality is among the greatest crimes one can commit against a human being and justifies resistance.

Secondly, a person's language hides the center of their nationality:

"Language holds layer upon layer of the wisdom of centuries past, it affects how we think and desire, our heart and frame of mind. Language is the tool through which spirit manifests itself… Uprooting a person from the soil of their mother tongue and the traditions of their forebears… it cannot but have the gravest of effects. As far as language and customs are mixed and spoiled, a person's spiritual and emotional life will wither. Their thinking will become muddy, their sight blurred, distinctions blunt and feelings bleak. Tradition will be turned into a conglomerate of borrowed false luster… Life take on a shapeless, often distasteful form."

That is what Hurt believed would happen were a person stripped of their language and customs. This effect manifested among Estonians who acted like would-be Germans.

Thirdly, native-language school was considered the best remedy against such a shameful human condition:

"Numerous Estonians have not just gained an education in German schools but have been renationalized and alienated from their people… As concerns folk schools then… they have traditionally taught in Estonian and can only teach in Estonian in the future. If there is, for instance, the desire to teach young people in a foreign language in parish schools, the latter will not learn the language nor take with them any other wisdom for life. The student's head would remain empty, their heart barren and bleak…"

The only surefire result would be "convincing oneself of the crazy notion of being German and doing what no true German has perhaps ever done: holding in contempt the people whence one came."

Almost 150 years later, Germans have been replaced by Russians and their mastery over Estonians overturned. I cannot tell you what degree of Estonian or type of school organization would be best from the point of view of national minorities – only they can answer that question.

However, I do believe we should remember the words we sing together at Song Festivals and that carry the spirit of Jakob Hurt: "Renouncing one's nationality is no less grievous than selling oneself into slavery."

I feel that is just what we are expecting our Russians to do. If that is indeed the case, we should ponder whether we are acting contrary to ourselves, harming those over whom we rule. Are we ruling as we ourselves would like to be ruled over? And what was the purpose of shaking off slavery? Was it freedom or merely becoming the slaver?

--

Follow ERR News on Facebook and Twitter and never miss an update!

Editor: Marcus Turovski

Hea lugeja, näeme et kasutate vanemat brauseri versiooni või vähelevinud brauserit.

Parema ja terviklikuma kasutajakogemuse tagamiseks soovitame alla laadida uusim versioon mõnest meie toetatud brauserist:

The Kurdish nationalist movement emphasizes the preservation of the Kurdish language as a resistance against assimilation policies, advocating for mother-tongue education and opposing the prohibition of Kurdish language use in public life.

Title:

Content: Kurdistan Society congratulates the Kurds on the occasion of the Kurdish Language Day
The Kurdistan Society congratulated the Kurds on the occasion of the Kurdish Language Day and stressed that it is a day of awareness and resistance against the policies of assimilation and annihilation.
The Education Committee of the Kurdistan Community System (KCK) today issued a written statement on the occasion of the Kurdish Language Day 15 May.
And it says:
"Learning in the mother tongue is the most legitimate right, and to attain this right self-regulation in all spheres of life and the transition to practice is both a legitimate right and an indispensable necessity!
On behalf of the Education Committee in the Kurdistan Community System (KCK), we congratulate the Kurdish Language Day at the beginning on the leader Ocalan, who brought the hope of our people ’ s freedom to a level of unparalleled struggle and did not recognize any obstacles in the face of this, and on our immortal martyrs who sacrificed themselves for the existence, language, values and freedom of our people, as well as our resistance people who did not give up their language. He kneels in the face of the enemy.
Language is the common memory of societies.
The protection and development of social memory is entirely dependent on the preservation and development of the mother tongue, the practice of mixing denial with genocide is tantamount to the prohibition of language, and the definition of the Kurdish language as a prohibited, dangerous, divisive, backward and brutal language is essentially a policy of eliminating the Kurdish presence. It is clear that a society that forgets its language, it will forget its culture, its history, as well as its identity, and this in itself represents a social annihilation, which is being carried out against society on the nation-state.
Many countries have become a graveyard of languages in many parts of the world, following the policies of the nation-state established in the early twentieth century, where anti-democratic nation-states imposed on societies the obligation of education in one language on all areas of life by resorting to the policies of cultural and social genocide.
In this sense, the language revolution that shone tens of thousands of years ago in Kurdistan under the leadership of Kurdish women, in addition to having left its mark on the development of humanity, is currently taking place on the same land, preventing our people who developed the language from reading, writing and engaging in politics in their mother tongue, and considering the Kurdish language as an “unknown language. ”
Genocide of culture
Although the prohibition of the free use of mother-tongue education is described and defined in United Nations and European conventions as a genocide of culture, the Turkish, Persian and Arab nation-states have denied our people all opportunities for mother-tongue education.
The Turkish occupation state, which developed language policies in the context of serving the policies of the nation-state, did not hesitate to consider it as an optional lesson for Kurdish children, which is considered as an insult and detracting from the Kurdish language, and every Kurdish should know this well. In the face of such an act, statements such as "not enough, but well anyway" are tantamount to abandoning the struggle, and in the face of this, what must be done is to demand and enforce the right to education in the mother tongue as the fundamental and legitimate right in all spheres of life through continuous action.
It is clear that in the face of the attacks of linguistic, cultural and physical annihilation, the Kurds have clung to their language, culture and existence, taking into account the most severe sacrifices, as they have maintained and continue to maintain their presence, language and culture throughout the four parts of Kurdistan as well as in many countries alike.
From now on, it is necessary for our people to strengthen the struggle at home and abroad to ensure education in the Kurdish language and to remove the obstacles that prevent the use of the mother tongue more than ever, and on this land, it is the inevitable duty of a Kurd who believes in a free future to engage in the struggle on a daily basis, as much as it fights against decay and its own dissolution.
The Kurdish language represents the reality of the Kurdish people.
In this sense, the Kurdish language is the reality of what the Kurdish people are, therefore, upholding, protecting and developing the language as before is also the most urgent necessity of our political existence and our tradition in struggle and religion throughout history.
We must not forget that we live in the midst of the most tender historical moments, and we occupy a place in the most diverse places, and in this place where identities, communities, languages, religions and peoples come together, the common life of all diversity and freedom of expression will be a meaningful holiday for all peoples.
On this basis, the model of education of the democratic nation in Rojava and northeastern Syria is a unique and unparalleled example of strength and fundamental will for all peoples struggling for existence, identity and language in the region and the world. It is the strongest evidence that takes equality, freedom, children ’ s rights, democracy and human rights as its foundation.
Once again, we congratulate our people on May 15, the Kurdish Language Day, which also marks the 91st anniversary of the publication of Hawar magazine, and we salute in the person of Jaladat Ali Badrakhan and his comrades to those who have developed and preserved the Kurdish language through their precious efforts and sacrifices. ”
(q)
Read also.

In the late Qing Dynasty, China faced debates over adopting foreign-derived terms versus creating native equivalents, ultimately leading to the widespread adoption of Japanese-translated terms for scientific and technological concepts.

Title:

Content: At the end of the Qing Dynasty, China also fought a language recognition war similar to "potatoes = potatoes", and the results are embarrassing and worth learning from.
Photo Credit: Shutterstock
What we want you to know is
Born in the Department of Languages, I am quite aware that language is not a neutral tool, but actually restricts the user.
But even from the point of view of cultural identity, it is a great leap to transition from vocabulary choice to political identity and political system change, and even the transformation of all aspects of life.
Text: Southern magpie
Recently, a publisher's biology textbook used the Chinese term "potato" to refer to potatoes, which once again triggered a cognitive war controversy.
Coincidentally, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, China also fought a very similar language recognition war, and the warring sides were Yan Fu and other people created the "local" translation of the noun and foreign "and make Chinese."
It is a shame and a worthy reminder.
Today, when it comes to solemn restoration, he is generally respected as a translator, but he is throwing his helmet and armor in this cognitive war.
Xiong Yuezhi ’ s “Western Studies in the East and the Society of the Late Qing Dynasty ” says:“ The nouns that have been carefully thought through and deliberately created … Most of them can ’ t compete with the new nouns that have been translated from Japan. ”
There are a lot of people in the world, and there are a lot of people in the world, and there are a lot of people in the world.
One is the door student Zhang Zhidong came to visit before leaving the country, saying that the "formalities" were completed and they began their journey.
Zhang Zhidong felt that the word "formality" was harsh, and told the students not to use a similar "new name".
"The three words' new nouns' are also 'new nouns'," he replied with a smile. "Another example:" Anyone who uses a new noun in a sparse commute, [Zhang Zhidong] can easily brush it with a pen. "
And the book says, "Japanese noun!" After realizing that the word "noun" is "new noun", it is changed to "Japanese vernacular".
The point is, the Chinese, or the Chinese, is it corrupted and destroyed?
Or, did China ultimately choose to merge with Japan politically because of such a cultural “defeat ”? The answer is obviously no. Huang Ke Wu summed up the late Qing cognitive war by saying:“ Critics think that they [and Chinese] have become ‘ one of the main sources, or even the largest source, ’ of foreign Chinese words, and that the popularity of these words ‘ not only makes the vocabulary of the Chinese language more important. ’ At the same time, it also brings great convenience to the import of science and technology into China.
There can be no doubt about this. "
Of course, history repeats itself, but each time it repeats it is different.
The author does not believe that the language recognition war in Taiwan will be a one-sided situation, and does not advocate that the language should not be discriminated against.
But the situation of self-beating (or "face") because of ideology is strangely similar.
The reason is that those who advocate banning Chinese words cannot clearly define what kind of words are to be banned, and can only be labeled as “China ” in general.
Therefore, under the free testimony of everyone, depending on the difference in language and language knowledge of each person, it is inevitable to produce the fallacy of history.
That is, the word "Chinese" that one person identifies as, may have been used in Taiwan for many years in the experience of another person or another ethnic group, or has a long history, and has long been a common Chinese word.
Even if the proscribed “Chinese vocabulary ” is loosely defined as a recent popular Chinese term, as the example of Zhang Zhidong shows, if the vocabulary is generally accepted by users due to various subjective factors and takes root in the culture, then it will be futile to build ideological barriers.
On the contrary, if it is just a fashion, it is forbidden to be vulgar and self-disturbing.
That said, the reason why the phrase “ban Chinese vocabulary ” has such a great appeal is that it is not rational discourse, but rather appeals to people ’ s irrational fear of China ’ s rise, and their disgust and anger at China ’ s oppression of Taiwan (plus, because of the lack of a detailed operational definition, everyone can operate on their own accord).
If we really want to rationally implement the "ban on Chinese vocabulary", the Chinese in Taiwan will be almost unable to communicate unless it is a foreign language, or an aboriginal language that is explicitly recognized as the national language, and sign language.
Moreover, not only is there no way to communicate in Chinese, but Taiwanese is not.
Yes, there are “words ” in Taiwanese, but the more archaic these so-called“ right words ” are, the closer they are to traditional China? Even if the Taiwanese language is completely changed to Pinyin, a large part of the vocabulary is also derived from mainland China. After all, how to negate the terms “Fukien ” and“ Fujiao ” can not change the fact that you are descendants of immigrants from the other side.
It must be emphasized that in the development of culture, the root causes and changes pay equal attention, and the root causes are not only one, but also the flow will form a new root cause.
However, by cutting the Chinese elements to package the illusion of Taiwan, it is easy to hide the ears and steal the bell, and it cannot make Taiwan culture "richer", and it is not conducive to the sound development of Taiwan culture.
Born in the Department of Languages, I am quite aware that language is not a neutral tool, but actually restricts the user.
But even from the point of view of cultural identity, it is a great leap to transition from vocabulary choice to political identity and political system change, and even the transformation of all aspects of life.
If one day the whole community has come to this step, then referring to potatoes as potatoes will only be a small and small factor.
The biggest problem is definitely that “Taiwan ” as a community has lost its power to rally people ’ s minds.
The most important thing to be aware of is that in the name of cognitive warfare, the practice of liberal-minded exclusion and cutting is only creating unnecessary internal friction and weakening the foundation of the Taiwan Community.
This is not a battle of knowledge, this is a battle of self-defeat.
When Chinese words created by the Japanese became popular in China in the late Qing Dynasty, many people railed against them, saying that the oriental language was not "tame."
However, Hattori Yu-no-ji used Hyun-zang's own translation as an example to illustrate that the word elegance is actually a matter of habit: "The words created by Hyun-zang and others were not necessarily elegant at that time, but today people do not ask whether they are elegant or not."
It is a matter of opinion, of elegance and tame, after all, not habitual and unaccustomed.
"The current language cognition war, in the pragmatic level, is also a problem of habit; although there are good and bad points," after all, it is not used to and not used to. "
How many of you would like to use the terms “fixed capital ” and“ free trade ”?
At the political level, the most important thing is to strengthen the community with democracy, so that indigenous people, early immigrants (and descendants), and mainland Chinese, Hong Kong people, and new residents of various groups who have come to Taiwan later can find a safe space for development in Taiwan, and will not be blamed for the habit of using language in a one-sentence atmosphere.
The late scholar Yu Ying-shih quoted Zhu Xi as stressing the importance of the spirit of democracy.
He is a wise man, a wise man, and a wise man.
This book is written in the Qur ’ an, and the Qur ’ an is written in the Qur ’ an.
Extended reading
(Join the critical review network member) Daily wonderful articles sent directly to your mailbox, each week exclusive editorial selection, current affairs selection, art weekly newspaper and other special electronic newspapers.
You can also leave comments with authors, journalists, and editors to discuss the content of the article.
Click to join for free now.
Editor-in-Chief: Pang Bohan
Editor-in-chief: Zhu Jiayi

France has implemented a comprehensive system to protect its language from foreign influences, including ministerial committees and the French Academy, which work together to translate and approve new foreign terms before they are officially adopted.

The widespread use of English as a lingua franca facilitates the integration of English terms into other languages, especially in fields like technology and science, where English terminology often lacks equivalents in native languages.

Title:

Content: The most important languages in the world
(Explanation - Unsplash)
How many languages are there in the world today?
The number of languages spoken in the world today is estimated at 7,100.
However, the number of people who speak these languages varies greatly, with documents recording that only eight people on the planet speak Boso, for example, yet it is considered one of the world's spoken languages.
At the same time, languages are spoken by millions, if not billions, and are preferred languages for learning as a second language.
How many languages have we spoken since the dawn of civilization?
It may be impossible to answer this question because languages are always evolving and branching out into other languages and because many languages are considered dead.
In general, the death of languages is associated with the extinction of a civilization or the annihilation of a people.
Political factors are also considered one of the most important factors affecting the death of languages, as happened during the Spanish invasion of the Incas and Aztecs in the continent of South America, where the authorities imposed on the local population to speak Spanish and considered speaking the mother tongue of these peoples a crime punishable by law.
Latin Language
Latin may be the most famous of the dead languages, although many academics and lovers of ancient languages are learning it.
Although this ancient language died, it has made a significant impact on many languages spoken today, such as English, French, Spanish and Portuguese.
Did you know that today we use some words taken from Latin during our regular conversation?
The word "tomato" is commonly used for tomatoes in a number of countries.
If the word tomato is very similar in terms of the English and French pronunciation of this word, where did the tomato come from?
In fact, the word "tomato" is Latin in origin, namely Pomodoro.
What is the most important language in the world?
English is part of the Germanic language family and the Indo-European language branch and is the most widely learned second language in the world.
English is a mixture of a range of languages and civilizations that have influenced it and some may think that this indicates the lack of heritage or weakness of this language and its need to derive and borrow from other languages, but this is precisely what made the English language withstand the times and take the lead in terms of its importance and the number of speakers and students.
English is also known as Lingua Franca.
Why is English the most important language in the world?
Technology and the Internet
The most important feature of the English language is that it is renewable and can invent new words and terms on a daily basis, especially since it is the official language of the Internet since its emergence and spread.
As evidence of the use of English terms for scientific and technological inventions, we can list some of the technological English terms that we use automatically in our daily lives, such as:
• USB
• CPU
• Formate
• Monitor
• Download
English is the language of films.
There is no doubt that the lead in terms of film production goes to Hollywood and its huge productions of series and films.
It is true that all of these works can be dubbed or translated into any language in the world, but the experience of seeing and understanding directly in the mother tongue of these works is more interesting and closer to the intent and meaning of the writer, director and actors.
Famous English Literary Works
Of course, each civilization has its own literary and poetic compositions, which can be considered as masterpieces that embody the reality or the past, the thinking, the national spirit or the deep feelings of the writer and his people.
However, one of the most famous writers in the world and throughout history spoke English: William Shakespeare.
It is undeniable that the English language itself has changed since the days of Shakespeare and that some of these changes have been applied to his literary works, so we may notice a slight difference between the rhymes due to the change in the way of spelling and even pronunciation.
However, Shakespeare ’ s works attract literature lovers from around the world, as well as a large number of works by other English and American writers.
Above all, many literary works written in languages other than English are translated into English.
That is, you don ’ t have to learn Japanese, for example, to read the Japanese myths that are available in English.
English Language of Travel
It is comforting to the soul that wherever man travels and travels the country, he can resort to one language that must be understood by those around him.
We note that tourists, regardless of their mother tongue, home country or location, usually try to speak English with residents and usually manage to achieve some form of communication with them.
Linguistic statistics
To clarify the ranking of the most important languages in the world, the following table shows the number of speakers of each mother tongue and second language and the total number of speakers in the world.
Arrangement
Language:
Number of native speakers
Number of speakers as a second language
Total Speakers
1
Anglican
372.9 million
1.080 billion
1.452 billion
2.
Mandarin Chinese, including official Chinese, not other dialects and spoken languages
929.0 Millions
198.7 million
1.118 billion
3.
Indian except Urdu
343.9 million
258.3 million
602.2 million
4
SPANISH
474.7 million
73.6 million
548.3 million
5.
FRENCH
79.9 million
194.2 million
274.1 million
6.
Standard Arabic Language
Unspecified
274.0 million
274.0 million
7.
Bengali
233.7 million
39.0 million
272.7 million
8.
russian
154.0 million
104.1 million
258.2 million
9.
Portuguese
232.4 million
25.2 million
257.7 million
10.
Urdu without Hindi
70.2 million
161.0 million
231.3 million
The following table shows the percentage of the world's population in terms of speakers of each of the most widely spoken languages in the world.
Arrangement
Language:
Proportion of global language speakers
1
Anglican
16.5%
2.
Chinese Mandarin
14.6%
3.
Indian
8.3%
4
SPANISH
7.0%
5.
FRENCH
3.6%
5.
ARABIC
3.6%
7.
Bengali
3.4%
7.
russian
3.4%
9.
Portuguese
3.3%
10.
indonesian
2.6%
Arab Podcast 48

Efforts to control linguistic borrowing, such as Russia's recent law mandating the use of native language norms and restricting foreign terms, reflect attempts to counteract the cultural and political influence of globalization.

In Arab countries, efforts to protect the Arabic language from foreign influence include legislative measures to prevent the use of foreign languages in public spaces, such as shop signs and menus.

France employs a comprehensive system to safeguard the French language, involving ministerial committees and the French Academy to monitor and translate foreign terms, ensuring their integration into French while maintaining linguistic purity.

Economic factors such as globalization and technological advancements contribute significantly to borrowing English words in different languages, as English often serves as the lingua franca in international trade, finance, and digital communication.

Title:

Content: My channel
* Drag categories can be customized sorting
Recover Default OK
Setup
Alert
What Chinese books do Chinese immigrants love to read on World Book Day?
It's more expensive to drink water than to eat burgers, take a taxi, take two miles, three sections of the road.
The Modern Significance of New English Words and Hot Words of the Year
In the past 30 years, with the development and innovation of computer information, network, communication, financial technology and medicine, our society has formed various forms of digitalization in life, and further digital transformation and digital disruption, its progress has exceeded our imagination. And...
The frequency of vax use increased by 72 times during epidemic period
Many English dictionaries, such as the Oxford English Dictionary, the Cambridge English Dictionary, the Macmillan English Dictionary, and others, record and publish each year the words or new words commonly used by people during the year, or buzzwords, which give us an understanding of the changes caused by the times and social changes. Because of this, cultural change or integration, we can also see the direction of new knowledge and new technology.
The most obvious is that the Oxford English Dictionary found that the word vax (i.e. vaccination, vaccination or vaccination) has increased the frequency of use by a factor of 72 due to the outbreak of COVID-19, which has resulted in the word being selected as the Oxford English Dictionary ’ s 2021 buzzword.
The frequency of Covid-19 related words has also increased significantly in 2020 and 2021, such as pandemic, COVID-19, lockdown, social distancing, mask-wearing, quarantine at home, working from home (or WFH). The use of words such as "work from home" has increased significantly.
These annual buzzwords show the dramatic changes in the way people live, work and interact in 2020 and 2021 as a result of the pandemic.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary has chosen gaslighting as its word of the year for 2022.
Literally, this may seem like a confusing word, but if someone familiar with an old British film or stage play sees gaslighting, they immediately think of the film (stage play) Gas Light (this is British dramatist Partrick Hamilton ’ s 1938 play Gas Light) and the impressive “gas light effect ” in the film.
The word has actually become a psychological term used to describe the victim's loss of confidence and self-doubt due to long-term emotional and psychological manipulation, which is the artificial control of the victim by constantly distorting the facts, known as gaslighting.
Why did Webster choose this word as the hot word of 2022?
Because in 2022 the word in the publisher's website query frequency soared by 1740%!
However, this high frequency is not due to the occurrence of a single event (such as COVID-19), but the word is queried by many people every day.
The publisher believes that it may be because our times and society are full of misinformation, fake news, Twitter trolls, deepfake technologies, etc., which make gaslighting a hot word of the year, and the modern society produces so much gaslighting, mainly because of new technology and media coupled with more complex human and human relationships and Political relationships (such as social media, groups, political parties), and new technologies (such as deep pseudo, artificial intelligence, deep learning) are being used in the wrong direction.
The New Normal: The World After the Epidemic
Even the European and American media often use the so-called "new normal" (ie, the new normal) to describe the world after the baptism of the epidemic.
The "new normal" was originally used to describe life after the 2008 financial tsunami or the 2012 global economic recession, when the economy seemed to be back to normal, in fact, people's life is no longer the old life, but after the economic impact of a new normal life.
Now the new normal refers to people after the COVID-19 epidemic, although gradually unsealed, but life has produced many changes, such as people-to-people communication and interaction, various social activities, shopping, business models, work models, the company's office mechanism and management, and the digital transformation of the industry, are no longer the same as before the epidemic.
For example, the rise of the delivery service industry, people are used to various digital payment methods to pay and pay.
The decline of physical stores and restaurants has replaced the lifestyle of online shopping, take-out, and delivery.
Contactless has become the standard of interaction or transaction, so the rapid rise of various contactless payment forms has also caused the impact of technology on finance and markets, and financial technology (fintech) has become a new phenomenon.
We are becoming familiar with the names of touch ID, face ID, third party payment, cloud, carrier, etc.
Because of digital accounts and online banking, people no longer need to go to the bank often, and do not need to use cash or write checks; transfer or pay, as long as the mobile phone can be slippery, one-click solution, the epidemic has accelerated the demand, development and application of these new technologies.
New words are created and frequently used under these new life patterns and behaviors.
The rise of social media.
Perhaps it is the sociality of people and the need for emotional release windows, when social media emerged, people fell madly in love with these can express their emotions and opinions about appearance (or perhaps a desire to “perform ”?), but can not directly face other people ’ s media.
The use of social media conforms to the principle of non-contact, but can communicate and share personal experiences and opinions; does not need to face people or crowds, but has the effect of stimulating the crowd; in addition, there can be multiple and real-time presentation (text, pictures, video), so this is also the best place to create and use new words.
Words commonly used to describe social media activities or behaviors include:
Post (a message)
Posting (Posting message)
check in check in
Blog (voice blog)
(Personal website in the form of an online diary)
story Limited-time dynamic
data volume Network volume
fan / follower
Comment Message
like Praise
follow / unfollow
Track / Cancel Tracking
emoticon / emoji
The new language of social media has a number of features in common, including:
1. Tone and emotion are expressed in text mode.
Plain text posts, in addition to the commonly used um (well), oh (oh), yeah (ye), etc., in ordinary oral conversation, due to the need to express more of the various emotions of the poster, so a lot of vocal phrases, such as weee (means cheering), boooo (means boooo), meh (means not interested, not how), eww (means bad), hmm (and hesitated).
In very short alphabetical forms, such as TTYL (talk to you later), IDK (I don ’ t know), BTW (by the way), TBH (to be honest), and so on.
Expressed in emojis (emojis or emoticons), new emojis are constantly created, each vivid and lifelike, and endearing.
4. Expression in multiple ways, in addition to text, with sounds or images, such as emojis containing words and actions.
Korean Wave Ends Cultural Exchange
The emergence of new words often shows the changes and exchanges of world culture.
The development of the Internet has brought about wonderful cultural exchanges and changes between people and people far away. For example, Korean dramas have made a huge cultural impact by providing video streaming services directly to people in different countries through the Netflix network.
Among them, the popularity of the Korean series “Squid Game ”, launched in 2021, is No. 1 in many non-Korean video markets, and has also created many topics and discussions.
In addition to fame and fortune, we can also observe that many Korean dramas on Netflix have generated interest in Korean culture and customs around the world, especially in English-speaking countries.
The Oxford English Dictionary added 26 Korean-derived English words to its latest edition last September, noting that everyone is now on the cusp of hallyu, especially in film, music, fashion and language.
These Korean-derived English words that have become popular in recent years include Korean food such as banchan, bulgogi, kimbap, japchae, chimaek (fried chicken and beer), entertainment such as k-drama, mukbang, etc. manhwa (Korean comics), k-pop (Korean pop music), and other aspects such as fighting.
These Korean-derived English words prove that vocabulary innovation is no longer limited to traditional English centers in the United Kingdom and the United States.
The significance of Korean culture is the cultural exchange achieved through popular Korean music, television, film and food. The exchange and absorption of these cultures are gradually manifested in the country of language, which is a more peaceful and beautiful phenomenon than the previous methods of war, conquest, colonization and so on.
The Korean film Parasite, released in 2016, caused widespread discussion around the world, mainly because of the film's trans-social theme of social inequality caused by capitalism, which makes the film's strong black taunts and thrilling tricks equally felt by people of all cultures.
South Korean music "Gangnam Style" was the best-selling single in South Korea in 2012. As its music videos swept the world, the song also topped the music charts in many countries, including France, Germany, Italy, England, Spain and Canada.
The song ’ s catchy beat and fun performance by South Korean singer PSY represent a world trend in electronic music and dance, but it also satirizes the lives of those who are obsessed with money and vanity in Gangnam, South Korea.
New technology creates new words
Most of the new words are related to the innovation or development of new technologies. In recent years, the knowledge and technology of the Internet and artificial intelligence have been continuously innovated and applied in various industries, so that the new words related to the information technology (IT) industry have been expanding.
For example, as everyone knows, many people also use Facebook, Facebook's company changed its name to Meta, in order to declare that the company will develop virtual world technology in the future, hoping to use artificial intelligence (AI, or artificial intelligence), 5G, virtual reality (VR, or virtual reality) and augmented reality (AR, or augmented reality). Such technology allows humans to combine the real world and the virtual world.
Meta comes from Metaverse, verse means universe, meta means beyond, in other words, beyond the real world to create a new universe with new technology.
Dreams come true, new horizons emerge
The development of the metaverse is just the beginning, requiring more time and technology, plus imagination and resources, to bear fruit.
But there are many things that were only a dream a while ago that have come true, such as cardless withdrawals, digital banks, unmanned stores, paperless (such as email, text messages, reports, receipts, signatures, etc., which no longer need to be presented in writing). Technology, and even new industries have created many new words. With these words, we often talk about “smart ” (smart or intelligent) in newspapers and magazines, such as smart car, smart home, smart office, smart manufacturing, etc., and these dreams are mostly based on new technologies (including the Internet). With the development of networking, wireless communication, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, computer vision, voice recognition, mobile control, and so on, new words in these fields have sprung up and become widely used.
In terms of shopping that is closely related to the lives of most of us, Uniform Superstore launched its first unmanned store X-STORE in 2018 (although there are still service staff in some areas), combining many new technologies and equipment, including identification, electronic tags, self-checkout, and smart technology equipment (such as FUN). Remote temperature monitoring, inventory control system, etc., create a new retail (new retail) shopping environment.
The Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Vehicles (Vehicles to Everything, or V2X) are two other new terms commonly used in newspapers and magazines.
In addition, brand applications (app), e-commerce (e commerce), platform (platform), POS (point of sale) system and other new words are the words that have increased in frequency recently.
Extending New Ideas with Existing Words
We can ’ t help but wonder how new words or hot words are formed.
We are most familiar with borrowing words, or loanwords, that is to borrow words that are already in other languages, such as Chinese blogs, blogs from English, Chinese cool, and English cool.
Second, combine existing words (generating new word combinations), such as shrinkflation = shrink + inflation, sponsor + content, or fintech = finance technology, to express new phenomena and things, or new meanings.
The use of acronyms is also a common pattern for new words, such as COVID-19 (= coronavirus disease 2019), AI (= artificial intelligence), IT (= information technology).
Transliteration is often used in foreign languages in English, such as the previously mentioned words hallyu, banchan, and bulgogi, which are transliteration of the original Korean words.
What is more worthy of our attention is that many new words or hot words are actually new meanings or contexts in existing words, especially new words on the Internet or social media, which often reflect the era or social significance. For example:
traffic (traffic)
website traffic (network traffic)
Incubation (Incubation)
Incubation period (incubation period)
herd (herd)
herd immunity
The cloud (cloud)
Cloud computing (Cloud computing)
slash (slash)
slashie (slanted family)
The virus (virus)
virus (spread as quickly as a virus on social media)
Catfish People who cheat on social networking sites with fake profiles
The rapid changes in technology both confuse us and excite us, and we experience many things in our lifetime that were previously unimaginable, and we cannot help but feel the diversity of human life.
Not long ago sorting out the old things at home, found that there are many 3.5-inch disks and video tapes stored before retirement. Compared to now, even the invoices are in the cloud, like we made a big dream of Li Bo, after 20 years of dreaming, found that the world has been completely different, in order not to miss the world and life that are changing so fast, we must strive to learn a new language, in order to connect new technology and integrate into the new life mode And...
(This article is reproduced from the Joint Supplement)
Social Media Outbreak Movies
The last one.
Guess what it ’ s like to read a book.
The next one.
Cover Story / The Story of Chinese in Irvine Blows Up the Heat of History
Extended reading
Super-popular
More >

The widespread influence of English in industries like IT, media, and entertainment further drives borrowing, as English terms are often associated with modernity and global connectivity.

In Russia, public attitudes toward borrowed English words are shaped by a strong desire to protect the Russian language from excessive foreign influence, with government initiatives promoting the use of Russian equivalents instead of Anglicisms.

One challenge governments face in enforcing laws regulating linguistic borrowings is the difficulty of defining clear criteria to distinguish foreign words from native ones, as many borrowed terms have become deeply integrated into the language over time.

France has implemented successful interventions to reduce borrowings from English, including the Toubon Law of 1994, which mandates the use of French in official government publications, advertisements, and workplaces.

Title:

Content: ‘A Labour government won’t have an easy start. We must plan for hard times’

Across the advanced economy nations, centre-left parties are governing in hard times. The Mile End Institute’s latest conference sought to assess the constraints that a prospective Labour government is likely to face in office, alongside the strategies required to overcome them. Past Labour administrations were regularly castigated for not achieving more in governments of the 1960s were vilified for not carrying out more far-reaching modernisation of the British economy, while the left decried the failure of Attlee’s ministers to nationalise strategic sectors of industry. The Blair and Brown years are now widely interpreted as a missed political opportunity given the scale of the parliamentary majority those governments enjoyed, alongside the relatively benign economic and social headwinds that prevailed in the UK.

Nonetheless, there is a notable tendency to overestimate the political agency of Labour governments and a reluctance to acknowledge the barriers to radical economic and social reform that persist in the UK. It is important to address what the political historian, David Coates, referred to as, ‘the pattern of constraints likely to beset a Labour government’. We must address not only, ‘the aspirations of incoming governments’ but, ‘the barriers likely to be erected in their path’.

If the Labour party does secure a parliamentary majority at the next election under Keir Starmer, ministers will inevitably confront serious obstacles to the enactment of their programme. The first constraint relates to state capacity itself. The capabilities of British government have been substantially eroded over the last decade. The process of hollowing-out partly relates to the legacy of austerity and cost reduction in the public sector. The civil service was repeatedly cut back, reaching its lowest headcount in 2016; numbers began to rise again after the Brexit referendum but are still low by historical standards. The growing reliance on private sector management consultants in Whitehall underlines the erosion of internal capabilities required to implement key policies.

The second constraint is the nature of the economic inheritance that is bequeathed to an incoming government. The UK has been buffeted by successive structural shocks over the last decade, notably Brexit and Covid. The economy entered these crises already weakened by the 2008 financial crash and austerity. The effect has been to undermine the productive potential of the British economy, while exacerbating long-running inequalities. The threat of inflation meanwhile erodes household living standards and threatens to escalate industrial conflict, as workers battle to maintain real wages. The problems posed for a Labour government are especially acute given the party’s institutional ties to the trade unions. Most significantly, Labour’s desire to maintain the confidence of debt markets and its ongoing commitment to an international political economy that emphasises the mobility of capital and finance threatens to circumscribe its key commitment to green and social investment.

The third constraint is politics itself, namely what voters are willing to accept and how far Labour is prepared to challenge them. Having experienced four successive defeats in the 1980s and 1990s, the party became increasingly pessimistic about the willingness of UK voters to pay more tax. The prevailing view was that citizens wanted European-quality public services combined with American taxation. More recently, defeats since 2010 and the loss of the so-called ‘Red Wall’ in Northern England convinced many Labour politicians that the party has extremely limited room for manoeuvre on Europe. This outlook stems from a deeper underlying pessimism: a belief that Britain is, deep down, a Conservative country and that Labour’s temporary electoral success is merely a reflection of short-lived Tory unpopularity rather than an expression of any fundamental commitment to social democracy on the part of the electorate.

The fourth constraint is path dependency and the ‘stickiness’ of institutions which makes it particularly difficult to achieve structural reforms, notably in public services. For decades, policymakers have reiterated the importance of prevention in the NHS. Even so, many health services are still designed to remedy problems after the event. Moreover, it is widely acknowledged that NHS England is too large and complex to be effectively managed from the centre; but shifting towards a decentralised delivery model has proved next to impossible. The education service has seen more innovation yet still remains wedded to a traditional model of curriculum design and teaching, while the potential gains from technology are yet to be realised. Achieving change in public services remains exceptionally challenging.

There is, nevertheless, a compelling argument that many constraints facing Labour governments are imagined as much as real. What is important is not to accept those constrictions as insurmountable, but to formulate viable political strategies to overcome them.

For example, on state capacity, Labour requires a strategy to strengthen the capabilities of the state as soon as it enters government. This isn’t simply a question of employing more civil servants or political advisers. It chiefly concerns improving structures and systems, breaking down silos and focusing the whole of government on core policy priorities. It means substantive devolution away from the centre in England that tries to do and control too much.

In relation to the economy, Labour needs a long-term plan to create the fiscal headroom for substantively higher public investment in social infrastructure and the transition to net zero. The party’s main fiscal rule is to have UK debt falling as a share of national income after five years. That commitment must not become a fiscal straightjacket when the main purpose of borrowing is not day to day spending but investment in the UK economy’s long-term productive capacity. A Labour government should where necessary alter accounting rules for state-owned assets while using fiscal transparency alongside the scrutiny of independent institutions such as the Office for Budget Responsibility to secure the confidence of market actors.

On politics, good policy necessarily depends on narrative and framing. For instance, voters may be willing to accept tax rises if it can be demonstrated they are needed to fulfil a coherent public purpose. Yet Labour needs to consider how its policies can help to build new electoral constituencies and secure the allegiance of key voter groups, as the Conservatives did so ruthlessly under Thatcher.

And on institutional reform, Labour must not postpone crucial debates until it enters government. There is no alternative to conveying clarity about its plans. Reforms in public services are often viewed as a technocratic exercise, yet they are always deeply political: success depends on building enduring coalitions of support. Even if economic circumstances temper Labour’s radicalism as it enters power, the party requires a governing strategy through which it can ratchet up the transformative scope of its programme, projecting forwards as the Thatcher governments did so effectively forty years ago.

This article first appeared on the Mile End Institute blog.

Donate to fund our journalism

or

Subscribe to our Daily Email

Iceland has actively worked to minimize borrowings from English by promoting the creation of Icelandic equivalents for new terms through its Language Council.

Title:

Content: Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
A government proposal to ban borrowing except to finance investment spending within five years
A research paper issued by the National Planning Institute, the research arm of the Ministry of Planning, proposed the adoption of a gradual plan to restore the golden rule to regulate the borrowing process within five years, which was in force until 2005, and requires borrowing only to finance investment spending.
The paper, prepared by Dr. Mohamed Zaki, Senior Fiscal Policy Expert, stressed the activation of parliamentary control on public debt by providing for regular and audited periodic reports from the Central Auditing Agency to the House of Representatives on the development of the volume of public debt, both governmental and non-governmental, and the sources of its increase through the annual budget deficit.
She pointed out the importance of achieving efficient and effective coordination between the fiscal and monetary policies with regard to the management of public debt, including maintaining the sustainability of this debt and reducing it to the desired level, which requires a number of measures, the most important of which is: The system is efficient and effective, in addition to managing the exchange rate system flexibly to prevent any sudden and large devaluations in the value of the local currency because of the negative effects of such reductions on the accumulation and increase of debt.
She also pointed out the importance of adopting a package of institutional measures, foremost of which is the application of the principle of budget unity and non-expansion of spending outside the budget through revenues and taxes, and setting a time program to eliminate all financial entanglements between the public treasury, economic bodies and public companies.

China has taken measures to limit borrowings from English by regulating the use of foreign words in media and public communication, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the purity of the Chinese language.

Title:

Content: General Supervision
Elham Aboul Fath
Editor-in-Chief
Thank you for your patience.
General Supervision
Elham Aboul Fath
Editor-in-Chief
Thank you for your patience.
Al-Jeel Party presents its vision on the mechanisms of reducing public debt through national dialogue
The Democratic Generation Party presented its vision on the mechanisms of reducing public debt and maximizing the interest from internal and external borrowing, in the sessions of the economic axis of the national dialogue.
Dr. Karim Adel, Assistant Secretary General for Economic Affairs of the Generation Party, said that discussing alternatives to reducing public debt and maximizing interest from internal and external borrowing requires the need to ask a set of questions: Why do we borrow?
How do we borrow?
Where do we borrow from?
What is the economic benefit of borrowing?
And how are we going to pay?
The Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Affairs of the Generation Party stressed the need to discuss the reasons for borrowing and a real study of the reasons for which borrowing is carried out, are they reasons and items with returns and economic feasibility that benefit the economy and the citizen or are they a new obligation and burden to fill an existing deficit in vain?
Dr. Karim also stressed the need to develop the debt management system and rely on expert systems developed and implemented globally to benefit from borrowing and contribute gradually to reducing public debt and converting debt to sustainability in its developmental concept, which contributes to reducing debt and reducing the need for borrowing through optimal management and optimal exploitation of the assets and resources of the state and its various economic sector (industry - tourism - agriculture - investment).
Dr. Karim called for urgent consideration of a mechanism that makes external borrowing a reason to stabilize the local currency against the basket of other foreign currencies, and the holding of specialized sessions between the Committee on Public Debt, Budget Deficit and Financial Reform, and the committees of industry, tourism and investment to come up with specialized recommendations linking these sectors to address the problem of debt and borrowing. workers outside.
The Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Affairs of the Generation Party stressed that achieving growth in the resources of the economic sectors requires stimulating industry for export and reducing the import bill, which is one of the reasons for indebtedness, calling for exploiting the low exchange rate of the local currency at the present time, in accordance with the principle (if you can not address the crisis, better exploit it).
He also stressed the need to take advantage of the competitive advantages of the Egyptian state, whether political stability or security compared to the region or the size of investment opportunities in various activities, and work to encourage and open new markets for tourism in cooperation with international tourism companies.
The Assistant Secretary General for Economic Affairs stressed the need for the Egyptian government to set stated priorities according to the jurisprudence of priorities for projects that we borrow from abroad through the development of various plans and mechanisms to finance projects.

Media and technology have significantly contributed to the spread of English borrowings in world languages by facilitating the rapid dissemination of Anglo-American terms through platforms like television and the internet.

The rise of social media and digital communication has accelerated the adoption of English-derived slang and abbreviations, with youth incorporating these borrowings into their everyday speech.

Title:

Content: 5 february
Previous news Next news
Today, 18: 12 0
Amurchan is called to hype on crashes: on the Internet make up a map of the language of Russian youth
You can share phrases in the project “Listen to a stranger ”
Photo: pixabay.com
"Smart, even though Zusman."
If you can understand the phrase, then you are definitely from the Amur region.
Young people from all regions of the country are invited to join the project “Eavesdrop a stranger ”, which launched the project“ Another thing ” on the platform “Russia is a country of opportunities ” together with the project Sloooshai.
Children from different regions of the country will share interesting phraseological expressions, modern or local expressions and help make a map of the language of the youth of Russia.
The goal of the project is to collect “eavesdropping ”, quotes from strangers, and make an interactive map of them.
Phrases can be heard on the street, at work, at school.
Selected quotes will be printed and pasted in the very place where they were heard, say the organizers of the project.
To take part, you need to register in the application “Other Case ” through“ VKontakte ”, find the task “to listen to a stranger ” and add your phrase until February 7.
The first expressions have already arrived in the "Other Case".
For example, young residents of Tyumen say: “Never say“ once ”, and St. Petersburg: “Time flies like a seagull for bread. ”
“If your eyes are so blue, and not lenses, then I ’ m ready to drown in them, ” they overheard in Zheleznogorsk.
In Vladivostok, they say: “It seems that the book knows more than I do. ”
In Moscow, philosophically reason: "Half three nights.
I was bitten by a workaholic fly. ”
And in Kazan they say: “The price for individuality is loneliness. ”
In Ivanovo, young people came up with alternative interpretations of the word "babayka": it can be not only a fictional character, but also some vessel, container or even children's toys in the sandbox.
According to Amur teachers, modern schoolchildren are constantly generating new words and expressions.
And even teachers of Russian language and literature with their rich vocabulary need the help of “Google ”.
— During the period of distance learning, when the students were communicated via mobile communication, through the application I found a new tag of my phone number – “krashikha ”.
It is interesting to have a detailed description of the meaning.
"Okay, Google" did not fail.
“Funny, ” I thought,“ object of sympathy. ”
Of course, I concluded that only a 14-15 year old teenager could sign my number this way, because this is “their topic ”.
It was nice, no one canceled the compliments.
The wings have grown.
The school itself had its own “crash ” – idol teacher, ” recalled a case from the practice of the teacher from Blagoveshchensk Kristina Nedilskaya.
Young people of the 21st century have a very diverse vocabulary, and adults do not always understand adolescents.
One of the reasons is that the younger generation spends more time on the Internet, watching videos, taking some words and expressions from there.
I can tell from my students that when they are at recess or busy with their own affairs, they speak their own language.
They say their favorite words “HYIP ”,“ stream ”, “agritsya ”, something else in the same way.
Often these words fall into the youth slang of the English language.
There are in their speech and abbreviations, as well as words formed by consonance.
We even had a theme for the project – to investigate the frequency of using borrowed words in youth speech, – says another teacher of Russian language and literature from Blagoveshchensk Marina Fedoseeva.
For overheard bright phrases that meet the requirements of the organizers, participants receive 400 points in the "Other Business".
They can be exchanged for training courses or accumulate and get useful devices, meet interesting people.
Young people in different regions of Russia can speak differently using their specific expressions.
Often they are mixed with local customs, traditions, fashion.
But everything often forms a unique cultural code, characteristic of a particular area, and in general it becomes a new language in which young Russians express themselves.
Where did the “Other Cause ” participants get these phrases from?
They heard them on the street, in the store, in the subway from their peers.
We see a keen interest in the project.
In just a couple of days, we received hundreds of such interesting phraseologisms and other vivid expressions.
Russian youth are really curious to share such quotes with each other, ” explained the head of the project “Other Business ” Kirill Hvil.
Total views: 70
# internet # culture
print out

Proponents of regulating borrowings argue that excessive foreign words can undermine the integrity of a language, suggesting measures such as normative dictionaries to exclude foreign terms unless no native equivalent exists.

Title:

Content: There should be no excesses: a sociologist about the law on the protection of language - RIA Novosti Crimea, 29.10.2022
Registration was successful!
Please follow the link from the letter sent to
Radio "Sputnik in Crimea"
There should be no excesses: a sociologist about the law on the protection of language
Political scientist Kiselyova appreciated the bill on the protection of the Russian language
Read in
SIMFEROPOL, 29 oct - RIA Novosti Crimea.
The emergence of a law in the Russian Federation on the protection of the Russian language from excessive borrowing is appropriate, but there should be no excesses in this matter.
This opinion on the air of the radio "Sputnik in Crimea" expressed the head of the Crimean branch of the Foundation for the development of civil society, sociologist Natalia Kiseleva.
Crimean teachers spoke out against the language repression of young people > >
Earlier, a draft law on amendments to the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation" appeared in the system of ensuring legislative activity.
The amendments provide for the protection of the Russian language from the excessive influence of borrowed words.
In particular, we propose the emergence of normative dictionaries that fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language, where foreign words cannot be entered, with the exception of those that have no analogues in the Russian language.
Leave the “barn ” and“ dog ” alone: a linguist about the law on the protection of language
“I am a supporter of this bill.
I think it should be adopted a long time ago, because we really see an unjustified dominance of foreign words.
At the same time, I, of course, do not propose to abandon all borrowed words - many of them have long and firmly entered the Russian language and became part of it, "Kiseleva said.
The sociologist emphasizes that it is impossible to introduce language restrictions in colloquial speech, especially among young people, and this is not the case in the new bill.
At the same time, in her opinion, the official use of the language should be regulated:
In the Crimea proposed to introduce fines for foreign words in advertising > >
“It ’ s about officials, the media.
For example, the latest fashionable foreign word "hub" - representatives of government agencies use it everywhere, although there is a great word in the Russian language "node": transport hub, interchange and so on, "- gives an example of a guest ether.
Dictionary for the replacement of anglicisms needs improvement – opinion
In addition, according to Kiseleva, it is appropriate not only to regulate the use of the Russian language in the official sphere, but also to simplify the language of regulatory documents so that the ordinary citizen can understand legal norms, which now often require interpretation by lawyers.
Earlier, Andrei Kibrik, a researcher at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, commented on the relevant bill, expressed the opinion that the artificial regulation of any language, including the Russian language, is a vain and even harmful idea, since borrowing is part of a natural process that cannot be stopped or reversed.
News feed
0
New firstOld firstFirst
loader
On-line
Title of the material to be opened

Critics of regulating borrowings contend that such interventions are artificial and counterproductive, as borrowing is a natural linguistic process that cannot be entirely stopped or reversed.

Italy has proposed a draft bill to ban the use of English in official communications, emphasizing the protection of the Italian language and imposing fines for violations.

Title:

Content: Italian govt drafts bill that seeks to ban English language

RomeEdited By: C KrishnasaiUpdated: Apr 01, 2023, 03:15 PM IST

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency. Photograph:(Reuters)

Story highlights

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s party has proposed legislation that seeks to prohibit public and private bodies in the country from using foreign terms, especially English, in official communications.

The bill, which has been drafted by lawmakers of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, aims to promote Italian language and imposes a fine of up to 100,000 euros ($108,750) if found violating the rule.

In order to become a law, the bill has to be approved by both houses of parliament. But there was no indication of when this might happen.

“It is not just a matter of fashion, as fashions pass, but Anglomania (has) repercussions for society as a whole,” said the text of the draft bill.

Calling for the Italian language to be protected and nurtured, the draft bill claims that English “demeans and mortifies” Italians, and called on all public and private bodies to use the “language of Dante” to promote their goods and services, reports Reuters news agency.

The draft also specifies that all job related applications, including names and acronyms, should be spelt out in Italian, with foreign words allowed only if they are impossible to translate.

The bill said the widespread use of English in Europe was “even more negative and paradoxical” given that Britain had quit the European Union.

The draft bill comes at a time when the incumbent far-right government takes measures to what it calls preserving the local culture.

Recently, it banned the use of laboratory-produced food to safeguard the country’s agri-food heritage.

When the Brothers of Italy party took office last October, it added the English term “Made in Italy” to the name of the industry minister, while Meloni occasionally drops foreign words into her speeches.

(With inputs from agencies)

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

In Algeria, English borrowings are increasingly replacing French in shop names and commercial spaces, reflecting a societal shift, while the government has historically intervened in linguistic practices through Arabization policies.

Title:

Content: -- -- -- / -- -- --
Site Management
I beat the French.
English removes French from shop fronts in new cities
Issam Bin Munia
• 558
• 0
It seems that the choice of English, to replace French, as the third language in the country, after the two official languages Arabic and Tamazight, is not only a program for teaching, but has become a popular choice noted by “Daily Shorouk ” in a survey carried out in some streets of the provinces of Constantine and Guelma, as a model applicable to the majority of shops in general, especially new ones or those located in the new cities in different states.
It is striking in shops with youth businesses, which are run by young traders such as barbershops, light food, pizza, fashionable clothes and even private schools and kindergartens, as you can find only English words such as: shop, school, center, best, and other tyrant words written in various commercial spaces that have been preserved even by older women and men.
We asked the owner of an electrical shop named Sufian, 32, about his focus on the English language only in his shop, he said that the product originally came from countries that deal in English, he said, he found himself forced to learn English in order to deal with institutions in Turkey, China and other European countries such as Italy through e-mail and social networks. Sufyan considered it a lame commercial language, which cannot benefit those who master it alone if they want to succeed in their trade.
Our interlocutor believes that changing the advertising writings on the front of his shop, something that has become responsive from customers who buy various electrical materials and sometimes ask for them in proper English, and provided us boxes for various materials currently used, all written in English, and said that he no longer sees French only on the tongues of some only.
Salma, the owner of a restaurant, smiled and said: “Algerians no longer speak only Melvai in French, while the rest of the light dishes that have appeared recently have names in other languages such as English in hamburgers or Turkish and Levantine with shwarma or Mexican such as tacos, ” and considered her restaurant carrying writings in English as well as Arabic as normal and a necessary transformation from a dying language in her home. And in the tongue of its people, to a language of help to enter the world with the new Algeria.
Sufian, a restaurant worker, said that the word “fast food ”, for example, overcame the word“ resturon ” in French, many years ago, as for shops selling makeup or barbershops, bodybuilding sports, pharmacies, schools teaching various languages, mobile phone shops, receivers or computers, it has mostly moved from French to English with the Arabic language remaining the biggest title in the story.
Customers in general applauded such a linguistic shift, which was translated by Professor Alajia, a retired teacher who taught French, by saying: “We used to read only French in shops, but our young children learned this language from the writings of shops such as Sudar, Bolingye, Fermsey and Cordone, before the late President Houari Boumediene forced traders to remove French and replace it in Arabic. The famous Arabization, then the chaos of languages returned to the shops, before the choice became popular, which is to install English as the first foreign language in Algeria, not at the official level but also popular. ”
Add your comment
All fields are required, and your email will not be published.
Please adhere to the site policy in the comments.
Your comment has been sent for review, it will be published after approval!
COMMENTS
0.
Excuse me! Excuse me!
There is no content to show!