"Fishmeal and fish oil are commonly used additives in salmon feed, with a historical peak usage of 30 million tonnes in 1994. Alternative additives, such as insect-based ingredients, are also being explored. The use of these additives is governed by standards and regulations in countries where salmon farming is a major industry."

Insect meal is used as an additive to replace fish meal in salmon feed, as it provides a sustainable alternative to wild-caught fish.

Antibiotics are often used in salmon feed but are being replaced due to health concerns and environmental impacts.

The country where feed additives are managed is Taiwan, as inferred from the context of the source document.

Traditional single species fish farms use antibiotics and additives.

Adding amino acids to feed is done to enhance nutritional value, which is crucial for the robust growth of fish, as implied by the need for a balanced nutrient supply.

Replacing antibiotics with natural ingredients in salmon feed aims to produce healthier fish by using probiotics that improve fish growth and immunity.

The name of the methane-reducing feed additive is Bovaer, which is approved for marketing in the European Union for dairy cows.

"Omega 3 is a beneficial nutrient for heart health in farmed salmon, specifically the fatty acids EPA and DHA."

Lactobacillus B4 is a probiotic used in fish feed to enhance growth and improve resistance to pathogens.

The types of Omega 3 fatty acids found in farmed salmon are EPA and DHA.

Insect-based proteins are used as additives in salmon feed in France, as suggested by the potential future of fish feed.

The new salmon feed includes essential amino acids, which are crucial for animal protein production and immune body formation.

"Fishmeal and fish oil are commonly used additives in salmon feed, with a historical peak usage of 30 million tonnes in 1994. Alternative additives, such as insect-based ingredients, are also being explored. The use of these additives is governed by standards and regulations in countries where salmon farming is a major industry."

Title:

Content: 262
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China Works to Get Wild-Caught Fish Out of its Aquaculture Feed

[By Zhang Chun]

A 2021 Chinese government initiative to stop aquaculture feed being made from only young or low-value fish and to instead start producing “compound feed” – mixed with ingredients harvested from the land – is opening up a greener future for the sector.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, in a series of trials last year, the sole use of low-value “feed-grade” fish as aquaculture feed was reduced by 77 percent, and by as much as 94 percent in farming of largemouth bass. Experts say the switch to compound feed could see overall use of feed-grade fish slashed by half for farming of certain species.

What is compound feed?

Compound feed normally contains a mixture of animal- and plant-based ingredients, and added nutrients such as vitamins. For aquaculture feeds containing fishmeal and fish oil, common additives include soy proteins, wheat gluten and corn gluten meal.

Feed-grade fish are those in a catch that are small, low in commercial value, or unsuitable for human consumption. They are sent to be processed into fishmeal and fish oil, or fed directly to farmed fish. But a significant proportion of feed-grade fish consists of juveniles of commercially important species. Once caught they can no longer grow into adult fish and breed, or be caught and sold on the market. Their removal damages ocean food chains and ecosystem stability.

The last decade and more has seen increased calls for China to tackle the use of feed-grade fish in aquaculture, but the current round of trials is the first organised by the Ministry of Agriculture. It focuses on species such as the yellow croaker, Japanese sea bass and largemouth bass, which tend to be fed more feed-grade fish. While those species don’t account for much of China’s fed aquaculture output, they do require much more protein than others to put on the same amount of weight. Compound feed cuts down on the use of fish by substituting vegetable alternatives, and is cheaper.

In the long term, sustained reductions in the use of fishmeal and fish oil in feed will be necessary to protect wild fisheries.

Aquaculture driving feed-grade fish catch

Fishers never used to set out to catch feed-grade fish; it was bycatch, with no economic value. Then in the 1980s, global aquaculture took off. “There was a lot of need for fishmeal and oil,” Rashid Sumalia, a fisheries researcher at the University of British Columbia, told China Dialogue. People started going out “purposely to catch them at distance, because there was a market”, he added.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) 2020 global fisheries and aquaculture report, the use of fish for reduction to fishmeal and fish oil peaked in 1994 at 30 million tonnes, and stood at 18 million tonnes by 2018. Another 4 million tonnes were used elsewhere, including directly in feed for aquaculture, livestock and fur animals.

It wasn’t until the mid and late 1990s that aquaculture took off in China. The FAO’s 1998 fisheries and aquaculture report describes how rare it was for fish catches in Asia to go unused or be used as aquaculture feed. But in Asia, particularly in China and Vietnam, aquaculture has expanded rapidly and the region now accounts for almost 90 percent of global output. In China, output tripled between 1998 and 2020, to represent 60 percent of the global total.

Although many of the species farmed in China need little or no feed, fed fish and crustacean aquaculture accounts for half of output and requires millions of tonnes of feed-grade fish from Chinese waters alone. China does not currently have statistics on its feed-grade fish catch or use in fed aquaculture. One study calculated that in 2016 4.6 million tonnes of feed-grade fish were caught, 35 percent of the total recorded catch in China’s waters, and most was used directly as feed.

“The state is certainly aware of the problem,” said Fang Qing, China general manager for the Aquaculture Stewardship Council, adding that the difficulty in banning some harmful types of fishing gear in China is due to the ongoing market for the feed-grade fish it brings in. Since 2018, China has put minimum size limits in place for 15 commercial fish species, and ruled that feed-grade fish catch would drop to below 20% by 2020. There is no data available indicating whether this target was met.

This it isn’t just a Chinese problem. According to a 2017 study by the University of British Columbia, many countries, including the US and Norway, use feed-grade fish directly as feed. But the practice increased significantly in Asia between the 1990s and 2010, with feed-grade fish coming to account for a high percentage of landed catches.

Replacing feed-grade fish

In early 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture announced it would work to make Chinese aquaculture more environmentally friendly, and proposed the use of compound feed instead of purely fish-based feed. In April 2021, several provinces started trials of compound feed as part of more concrete action plans.

Compound feed for aquaculture is usually a mix of fishmeal, fish oil, wheat flour, soybean meal, vegetable oil and other land-grown ingredients. The amount of fishmeal and fish oil needed depends on the type of fish to be fed, and its stage of growth. According to Fang Qing, carnivorous fish such as the yellow croaker need huge quantities of meat protein at certain stages in their growth, and the relationship between particular nutrients and the growth and physiology of the fish can be complex. Hence, producing appropriate compound feed involves a lot of research and development.

To quantify how efficiently a species is farmed, the aquaculture industry uses a ratio called Fish in:Fish out (FIFO). The closer the FIFO is to 1, the more fish meat is produced per unit of input; a score of 1 means an extra kilogram of fish used as feed results in an extra kilogram of fish to harvest.

A study published in 2020 shows a FIFO of almost 1 for salmon and trout, thanks to the use of compound feeds which require less fishmeal and fish oil. If only fish were used to feed those species, the FIFO figure would be similar to that of the yellow croaker – over 6, according to an upcoming paper co-authored by Zhang Wenbo, an assistant professor in the College of Fisheries and Life Science at Shanghai Ocean University. His research into conventional yellow croaker aquaculture in China found that the direct use of feed-grade fish is still the best option for the yellow croaker farmers. But Fang Qing told China Dialogue that a lot of feed-grade fish fed to yellow croaker goes uneaten, and ends up sinking to the seabed or rotting, causing pollution and increasing the risk of disease.

More compound feed use would help reduce FIFO numbers in two ways: by cutting use of feed-grade fish, and by increasing conversion ratios – that is, generating more fish growth per unit of feed.

Zhejiang is taking the lead in both those areas. Since 2016, the province has been shutting fishmeal factories during the closed season and restricting the percentage of feed-grade fish in the overall catch. This, combined with the use of compound feed, saw Zhejiang cut the use of feed-grade fish by 835,000 tonnes across 710,000 mu (474 square kilometres) of aquaculture farms during the 13th FYP period (2016-2020). “Previously, feed-grade fish were the primary feed for largemouth bass in Zhejiang. These last two years that’s almost all been replaced with compound feed.” The FIFO ratio for farmed largemouth bass in Zhejiang could come down to 1.5, half the national average for this species, according to 2016 calculations Zhang Wenbo contributed to.

But cutting back on feed-grade fish use in China won’t be easy. Fishers catch a wide range of fish with a wide range of gear. At the local level there is a lack of fisher associations that can impose rules on the sector, making management tricky. Zhejiang’s success can be ascribed to strong local regulations. “There are no successful [international] examples that China can apply,” said Fang Qing. Alongside legislation to bolster oversight of the feed-grade fish catch, he also suggests developing feeds which will be more palatable to fish, and labelling products according to their use of feed-grade fish or compound feed, so consumers can make an informed choice.

Increasing the efficiency of fish inputs

The use of compound feed isn’t the end of the story. At least for now, fishmeal and fish oil are essential ingredients in those feeds. And while the global supply of fishmeal and fish oil has fallen from its peak in 2000 to a fairly stable level, the demand for aquaculture feeds has been increasing. That requires the development of feeds containing less meal and oil.

Plans announced by Norway to boost salmon farming have led to concerns about the supply of fishmeal and fish oil as well as vegetable ingredients. The country has started researching the use of mesopelagic fish (which inhabit the middle depths of the ocean), algae and farmed insects to meet that need and make feed more efficient. A more complete solution would be to develop entirely vegetarian feeds, with no fishmeal at all. However, as things stand that would only be suitable for a few species.

“Fishmeal is the most expensive of the ingredients found in bulk feeds. Reducing the amount in those feeds is the best way to make them cheaper,” Zhang Wenbo points out. A tonne of fishmeal costs around 10,000 yuan (US$1,500), compared to 1,000–4,000 yuan for bran or soybean meal, he added. “Feed conversion ratios are also affected by the type of aquaculture, the make-up of the feed, and genetic selection – the breeding of strains more suited to compound feeds,” he said. This is more difficult in China, with its wide range of farmed species, than in Norway, where salmon dominates. But progress is still being made, and associated targets have been set in the 14th Five Year Plan (2021–25).

Increasing the efficiency of fishmeal and fish oil use in China will also ease global pressures on the supply and help protect juvenile fish. China is the world’s biggest consumer of fishmeal, with the largest part being used in aquaculture, and the second largest being fed to pigs. But the country only produces 400,000–700,000 tonnes of fishmeal a year – not even close to meeting domestic demand. Fishmeal imports have held steady since 2017, at about 1.4 million tonnes, but jumped to 1.82 million tonnes in 2021, with experts ascribing the change to the recovery in pig farming. The extra fishmeal came from the Americas and elsewhere in Asia.

Zhang Wenbo explains that China’s fishmeal and fish oil imports come from forage fish, caught specifically to be turned into fishmeal, and Peru is the main supplier. Relatively little of China’s fishmeal is made from feed-grade fish. “Imports of by-product processed fishmeal from Vietnam and Thailand have been increasing in recent years,” he said.

Minimizing the feed-grade fish catch

Cutting back on the use of feed-grade fish is good for the sustainable development of both wild fishing and aquaculture. It will also help protect already vulnerable ocean ecosystems. In 1959, fishing vessels in China’s Bohai Sea caught 420 kg of fish per net for every hour they worked. By 1993, that had fallen to 30 kg, and only 8 kg between 1998 and 2011. The above-mentioned research into China’s feed-grade fish catch found that a long-term stable total catch has masked trends including falling biomass and changes in end use.

The losses to biodiversity and ecological services cannot be measured in financial terms, and the fishing industry needs more than simply output. Wang Songlin, president and founder of the Qingdao Marine Conservation Society, believes the industry needs to work towards a balance of ecological, economic and social benefits. He told China Dialogue that even if total catch may still be the same by volume, the underlying destruction to the integrity of ecosystems and the environment should not be ignored.

Management of the sector in China has acquired a new ecological focus. Alongside the use of compound feeds, some provinces are providing fishery stewardship subsidies for the protection of rare and endangered species and for keeping down feed-grade fish catch volumes.

Protecting juvenile fish isn’t just a matter for China – it’s crucial for ocean ecosystems around the world. Rashid Sumalia said: “If you look at the economies and the ecology at the higher level, you don’t want to [catch feed-grade fish] because the losses are too high” to be sustainable. Sumalia acknowledges that many people rely on that fishing for their livelihoods but says: “We need to take it down as far as we can.”

Zhang Chun is a senior researcher at China Dialogue. This article appears courtesy of China Dialogue Ocean and may be found in its original form here

The opinions expressed herein are the author's and not necessarily those of The Maritime Executive.

Insect meal is used as an additive to replace fish meal in salmon feed, as it provides a sustainable alternative to wild-caught fish.

Title:

Content: World’s Largest Insect Farm to Open in France

Once fully operational, the massive vertical farm will produce 200,000 tonnes of insect-based ingredients a year.

Ÿnsect, one of the world’s largest insect rangers, is betting big on bugs to help push the world in a more sustainable direction.

Founded in 2011, the company is fast approaching its goal of opening the world’s largest insect farm and dramatically scaling up its operations. Located about an hour north of Paris, the state-of-the-art facility will leverage automated systems and vertical farming techniques to raise mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and enable the production of over 200,000 tonnes of insect-based ingredients per year. The site, estimated to be completed by the end of 2022, will join two other Ÿnsect facilities already operational in France and the Netherlands.

"It’s an automated warehouse, very similar to an Amazon warehouse, where instead of storing stuff, we are storing live insects," Ÿnsect CEO and co-founder Antoine Hubert told Time last year. "There is a climate-control system which is highly complex to maintain temperature and moisture from zero to 30 meters high. All operations are automated. Anything that you do on [an insect] farm is done with robots."

Feed for Fish, Fertilizer for Plants, Burgers for Humans

For the past decade, mealworms cultivated at Ÿnsect’s farms have been turned into powders and oils that have become nutritional additives to pet and farm feeds. Thanks to a ruling last year by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) that deemed mealworms safe for human consumption, the company has also begun selling its powders for shakes, cereal bars, pasta, and even alt-meat burgers. In addition, the shed shells of the rapidly growing mealworms are collected and sold as beneficial organic fertilizers to farmers.

According to MealFlour, a project that promotes mealworm farming as a way to battle malnutrition in Guatemala, a serving of mealworm powder is 55% protein, contains all essential amino and fatty acids, and has more iron than sirloin beef. Compared to the production of milk, pork, chicken, and beef, mealworms are also more sustainable and require fewer resources and energy.

While its recent forays into human foodstuffs have garnered attention, Ÿnsect's focus presently remains on helping to feed sustainably the animals that feed the world. For instance, aquaculture, like salmon farming, is a resource-intensive operation that uses both land-based crops (soy) and massive amounts of wild-caught fish to create what's known as fishmeal. With food production projected to have to grow by more than 70% by 2050 to meet demand, the overfishing of oceans to feed aquaculture operations is not a feasible option. Studies, such as a recent trial by NOAA, have shown that supplementing or even replacing fishmeal with insect- and plant-based foods holds promise for eliminating the need for wild-caught sources. According to Hubert, there are other positives as well.

"They [salmon] were reaching the maturity stage faster and eating less so they were avoiding a large quantity of feed," he told Fast Company in 2020. "There was less mortality so the farmers get more fish eventually than before... This also explains why we have a carbon-negative balance, because we are avoiding so many quantities of inputs to feed fish to have the same quantities of fish."

Hubert added to Fast Company that Ÿnsect has contracts worth more than $100 million with fish feed producers. This past year, with the acquisition of U.S.-based mealworm producer Jord, it also began entering new markets, such as the rapidly growing U.S. backyard chicken feed market.

A Record-Breaking Vertical Farm

One look at the animated video of Ÿnsect’s new facility up above and you can see why it’s been touted as an automated marvel. Mealworms will be reared by robots in stacked tubs stretching several stories tall. Unlike other insect food alternatives such as flies or crickets, mealworms do not hop or fly, allowing the company to maximize the space available.

In an effort to make sure the creatures are ethically farmed, Hubert reached out to philosophers from the Sorbonne University to judge their welfare. As he told The Guardian, the students determined that the mealworms had "more in common with mushroom-growing and hothousing vegetables" than with livestock.

"They have no brain in the strict sense of the word," he said. "We know they have a reflex reaction and they communicate and build intelligent structures, but nobody has shown they feel anything. However, what is important is to respect them as living organisms, which we do."

In addition to the new farm in France, Ÿnsect plans to continue to scale its operations with additional facilities, including a major site in the U.S. The biggest hurdle ahead, however, says Hubert, is making insects a normal part of everyday diets.

"I believe that the big challenge is accepting insects as part of the human diet," he told Authority Magazine. "A large part of the world's population eats insects, but we must be able to prove its properties and its benefits for the environment in order to reach more and have more impact!"

View Article Sources
  1. "Ÿnsect Welcomes European Interministerial Delegation to Amiens." Ynsect.

  2. "Why Eat Mealworms?" MealFlour.

  3. "Edible Insects." Food and Agriculture Organization.

  4. van Dijk, Michiel, et al. "A Meta-Analysis of Projected Global Food Demand and Population At Risk of Hunger for the Period 2010–2050." Nature Food, vol. 2, no. 7, 2021, pp. 494-501., doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00322-9

  5. "The Future of Fish Feed May Lie in Insects, Mold, and Algae." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Antibiotics are often used in salmon feed but are being replaced due to health concerns and environmental impacts.

Title:

Content:
This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

trusted source

proofread

Anticipating obsolescence: The next step to enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture

With growing concerns about the environmental toll of single species fish farms, a research project has been looking at the feasibility of introducing a more sustainable and potentially more profitable method of fish farming, using three complementary species.

Much as native American people planted squash, maize and climbing beans together to benefit each other, (often called the "three sisters"), farming finned-fish, shellfish and seaweeds together could benefit each other and reduce any environmental effects of fish farming. Small scale integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), as the system is called, has traditionally been used at a small domestic scale in Asia, providing the farmer with more than one product to sell or use.

The feasibility study conducted by Bangor University and published in Ecological Modelling has identified the locations around the Atlantic coast which would be most suitable for IMTA, based on farming salmon, and Oarweed, a type of kelp seaweed commonly found in temperate Atlantic coasts. The research considered the natural distribution of the three species, whether suitable locations clashed with busy shipping lanes or marine protected areas and whether there was close access to sizeable ports in order to reach markets.

The western coast of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland; Lough Swilly in County Donegal, Ireland, and the western coast of Brittany, northwest France were found to be the best locations to further develop IMTA based aquaculture.

As Conchúr Hughes of Bangor University's School of Ocean Sciences explained, "One of the problems with the type of single species aquaculture practiced in Europe is that excess food and feces can lead to deterioration of local ecology, while density can mean that aquaculture companies need to use antibiotics and other additives to maintain a healthy fish-stock.

"Mussels are filter feeders, they can be responsible for removing up to 54% of salmon waste materials from the , using it as energy to grow, while the oarweed removes soluble nutrients from the water column. Oarweed can then be farmed to use in a variety of products, from food supplements for human consumption or for fish farms, as a fertilizer or as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals.

"Each of these species complements the other and mitigates against problems."

IMTA-based aquaculture

Both salmon and mussels are important food sources in Europe, and while oarweed is not as yet, this is a sector that is expected to experience a rapid increase in demand in the coming years- and can provide an alternative sustainable source of fertilizer and other products.

Seaweed cultivation can also provide environmental benefits. The seaweed in the water acts as a buffer against as it approaches the shore, reducing the energy as it passes through the seaweed, much as trees act as a buffer against strong winds, which can help reduce erosion. It also elevates the pH and oxygenates the water.

More information: Conchúr Hughes et al, Habitat suitability modelling for an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system along Europe's Atlantic coast, Ecological Modelling (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110459

Provided by Bangor University

Citation: Anticipating obsolescence: The next step to enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture (2023, September 27) retrieved 27 September 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-09-obsolescence-sustainability-aquaculture.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

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What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

The country where feed additives are managed is Taiwan, as inferred from the context of the source document.

Title:

Content: • En
Taiwan 's new seaweed industry chain water laboratory invested in the development of Haimen winter artificial culture technology
According to the water testing institute, preliminary investigations have found that the wild distribution of Haimen winters in Taiwan is quite sporadic, and ethnic groups can be found in the northeast corner, Penghu, Hsiao Liuqiu, and Hengchun Peninsula, but the numbers are not abundant and there are obvious signs of seasonal decline.
Wild Haimen winter populations in the waters around Taiwan. (Photo courtesy of Donggang Biotechnology Research Center, Aquatic Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan)
Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are considered to be the main cause of climate change, the Donggang Biotechnology Research Center of the Fisheries Research Institute of the Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan said today (12) that it is actively developing the artificial culture technology of carbon reducing algae - Asparagopsis sp., and adding 1% of dried Haimen to the feed of cattle, sheep and other ruminants. New research shows that it can significantly reduce the methane emissions generated by the fermentation of their intestines.
The negative impact of climate change is becoming more and more obvious, and climate issues have received a high degree of international attention. According to the Water Test Institute, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather such as warm winters, severe heat, prolonged droughts and heavy rains have increased in recent years, and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are considered to be the main causes of disasters.
Methane has a greenhouse capacity of tens of times that of carbon dioxide and a half-life of up to 10 years, and the livestock industry, which is dominated by cattle and sheep, is the main source of methane emissions other than agriculture.
According to a recent study, adding 1% of dried Haimen to the feed of ruminant animals such as cattle and sheep can significantly reduce the methane emissions generated by the fermentation of their intestines.
This discovery shines a light on the world, because if methane emissions can be eliminated by adding Haimen winter, the effect of slowing global warming will be rapid and significant.
According to statistics, the number of cattle raised in the world is about 1 billion, and the amount of seaweed needed to be added is definitely not available for field harvesting, so countries have set up new organizations to invest in the winter farming industry in Haimen, hoping to seize the opportunity of carbon reduction.
In the past, Donggang Center has successfully established a variety of large algae, including Sarcodia suiae, Caulerpa microphysa, Agardhiella subulata and Ulva lactuca. In the past two years, it has actively invested in Haimen in order to grasp the carbon reduction opportunities. Preliminary investigations have found that the wild distribution of Haimen winters in Taiwan is quite sporadic, with populations found in the northeastern corner of Taiwan, Penghu, Hsiao Liuchiu, and Hengchun Peninsula, but the numbers are not abundant and there are obvious signs of seasonal decline.
In addition to determining the active ingredient content of methane in Taiwan populations, the researchers actively conducted artificial breeding experiments to understand the effect of temperature, light, salinity and nutrient salts on their growth in artificial environments. In order to build a new seaweed industry chain.
(Photo courtesy of Donggang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan)
Updated: 2022-09-12 10: 10 GMT + 08: 00

Traditional single species fish farms use antibiotics and additives.

What has the release of Netflix's ecological crisis documentary "Seaspiracy"  exposed?

The pollution risks associated with antibiotics used in sea-farmed salmon.

Adding amino acids to feed is done to enhance nutritional value, which is crucial for the robust growth of fish, as implied by the need for a balanced nutrient supply.

Title:

Content: Benefits of Aquarium Fish Feeding Feed
Time ： 2021-09-01 18: 40 Author ： admin
See the fish.
We may think that live bait is the most natural way to raise fish, this statement is not wrong, but one thing worth our attention: that is, the safety of live bait, live bait may be infected by water or it is itself wearing pathogenic bacteria or parasites that can cause fish to be sick, and at the same time, live bait is probably the main culprit of infecting the water quality of the aquarium.
There are many uses for human feed, such as:
1. Particle size may be used in response to the needs of a variety of large and small mouth types of fish.
2. No susceptible water quality.
3. The nutrient quality of this material is not easy to pass.
4.
Vitamins are not easily damaged.
5. Fully sterile.
6. Retain the daily grind.
7. It can promote the beauty of the body color of fish.
8.
It is best to keep the fish in shape.
No matter whether it is live bait or artificial feed for fish, we must truly understand the identity of food to match the needs of fish without common.
The most important means is to provide a balanced supply of nutrients so that the fish can only grow robustly.
Therefore, we propose that: feeding only one kind of bait is very easy to form fish nutrients are not good; feeding a variety of fish will eat bait talent to avoid the situation of nutrient imbalance.
Therefore, artificial feed with multiple nutrient identities will be a good use.
But the nature of each family is not one, so first determine whether the identity of the fish is compatible with the identity of the fish, and only need to buy from the new!
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Replacing antibiotics with natural ingredients in salmon feed aims to produce healthier fish by using probiotics that improve fish growth and immunity.

Title:

Content: Yogurt is amazing! Feeding Wu Guo to eat for 2 months, the fisherman smiles and wears a helmet: anti-collision
▲ The water laboratory said that in recent years, due to climate change, the unusually high temperature in the summer, it is easy to cause the fish to be attacked by germs. (Photo by reporter Yang Chih-hing)
Journalist Hsu Chien-yi / reporting from Taipei
In recent years, the unusually high temperature in summer has led to the outbreak of germs, which has caused great losses to farmers. The probiotic Lactic Acid Bacillus B4, which helps to improve fish growth and enhance their immunity, and its glucan product Lactic Acid Bacillus B4 functional yogurt was added to the feed. Farming time to reduce the risk of breeding.
The water laboratory pointed out that glucan can be used as an emulsifier and thickener flavor carrier in food processing. In terms of health care, research shows that glucan can be used as a prebiotic to increase the number of probiotics - bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the body, and regulate immunity.
As mentioned in the water test, lactic acid bacteria B4, previously screened from the gut of perch fish, is a probiotic with special enzymes. Adding cheap sucrose can promote the production of glucan by lactic acid bacteria B4, and developed functional yogurt and ice cream containing glucan with lactic acid bacteria B4.
[Advertisement] Please continue reading...
According to the water test, the literature points out that probiotics or prebiotics such as glycans and oligosaccharides as feed additives can effectively improve the growth and immunity of fish and shrimp. The combined use of probiotics and prebiotics is usually higher than the combined effect of the two alone. Probiotics that produce pathogens can also produce glucans themselves, so the lactobacillus B4 yogurt is applied to aquaculture.
Experimental studies show that the addition of lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt in the feed helps to improve the growth and resistance to pathogens.
▲ The feed in the test tank is evenly mixed with lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt and the feed by an electric mixer.
(Photo / Supplied by Aquatic Research Institute)
In recent years, due to climate change, the unusually high temperature in summer can easily lead to the outbreak of germs, causing the death of fish and loss of farmers. Three years ago, the Kaohsiung City Animal Protection Department sought technical assistance from the water laboratory. 4 Yogurt feed for 2 months, fish feeding conditions are better than the control pond, growth is very fast, at the end of May harvest, no disease, fish average weight 570 grams, strong and healthy.
When the fish are harvested, the fisherman must wear a safety helmet to avoid being injured by the energetic Wu Kuo. The fish in the control pond eat worse than the test pond and grow more slowly. In mid-June, the fish suffered from streptococcus disease. It must be treated with drugs. The average weight is 467 grams, which is much lower than the average. Test pool.
The water laboratory further stressed that in order to understand whether the feed containing lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt can really survive the cool summer, and the Kaohsiung Municipal Bureau of Animal Protection specially arranged the test in the summer the previous year. The results showed that although the test group and the control group of the fish containing lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt were all suffering from streptococcal disease, the test group were milder drug. The treatment only takes 3 days to heal, and the control group is more serious, requiring more than 7 days of drug treatment.
Therefore, the addition of lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt in broccoli feed helps to improve the growth and health of the fish, shortens the breeding time, reduces the breeding risk and slows the severity of the disease, and the cost of adding lactic acid bacteria B4 yogurt per kilogram of feed is only about 0.5 yuan.
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What health concerns are there specifically related to additives in farmed salmon feed?

The name of the methane-reducing feed additive is Bovaer, which is approved for marketing in the European Union for dairy cows.

Title:

Content: EU give marketing approval to methane-reducing feed additive Bovaer

Dairy

RESEARCH: Studies show a quarter-teaspoon of Bovaer per cow per day consistently reduces enteric methane emissions by about 30 per cent for dairy cows.

Aa

The European Union has approved the marketing of a methane-reducing feed additive for dairy cows.

Aa

The European Union has approved the marketing of a methane-reducing feed additive for dairy cows.

The inclusion of the additive in the EU registry, expected in the coming weeks, will mark the first time a feed additive authorised in the EU for environmental benefits can be marketed.

The additive, Bovaer, was developed in the past decade by Dutch-based multi-national health and nutrition company Royal DSM.

Research includes more than 50 peer-reviewed studies published in independent scientific journals and 48 on-farm trials in 14 countries across four continents.

DSM has begun engineering works for a large-scale Bovaer plant at its manufacturing site in Dalry, Scotland.

"Bovaer has the power to truly revolutionise the global dairy industry," DSM co-CEO Geraldine Matchett said.

"We are extremely proud that, after a decade of research, trials and value-chain collaboration, its potential has been recognised with this historic market approval."

Studies show a quarter-teaspoon of Bovaer per cow per day consistently reduces enteric methane emissions by about 30 per cent for dairy cows and up to 90pc for beef cows.

READ MORE: JBS makes big strides to reduce methane emissions

Methane has a global warming potential 28 times greater than carbon dioxide, which is why reducing methane emissions was identified at COP26 as one of the most significant short-term means of tackling climate change.

More than 100 governments pledged to cut methane emissions by 30pc by 2030, as part of the Global Methane Pledge.

READ MORE: Red seaweed trials look at how it reduces methane emissions of dairy cows

The European Commission's confirmation of approval noted the innovative feed additive was safe for use without impacting the quality of dairy products and was the first of its kind to be available within the EU.

"Innovation is key for a successful shift towards a more sustainable food system," EU commissioner for health and food safety Stella Kyriakides said.

"The EU continues to lead the way in ensuring food safety while adapting to new technologies that can make food production more sustainable.

"Cutting farming-related methane emissions is key in our fight against climate change and today's approval is a very telling example of what we can achieve through new agricultural innovations."

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"Omega 3 is a beneficial nutrient for heart health in farmed salmon, specifically the fatty acids EPA and DHA."

Title:

Content: Cheaper salmon is 'as good as premium farmed products when it comes to Omega 3', study shows

  • Fish-eaters benefit from two Omega 3 fatty acids – EPA and DHA – which can boost heart health and thinking skills
  • Researchers analysed packs of farmed Scottish and Norwegian salmon from 10 UK supermarkets
  • The best provided 67% of the recommended weekly Omega 3 but the worst only offered 26%
  • Fillets from two stores did not contain significantly more Omega 3 than non-premium products

Premium farmed salmon may be no healthier than value brands when it comes to Omega 3, a study has shown.

Fish-eaters benefit from two Omega 3 fatty acids – EPA and DHA – which can boost heart health and thinking skills.

Researchers analysed packs of farmed Scottish and Norwegian salmon from 10 UK supermarkets.

The best provided 67 per cent of the recommended weekly Omega 3 but the worst only offered 26 per cent.

Fillets from two stores did not contain significantly more Omega 3 than non-premium products.

Premium farmed salmon may be no healthier than value brands when it comes to Omega 3, a study has shown. Fish-eaters benefit from two Omega 3 fatty acids – EPA and DHA – which can boost heart health and thinking skills. (File image)

Farmed salmon tend to be fed a mixture of fish and vegetable oils but the latter lack the fatty acids found in seafood.

Study leader Dr Matthew Sprague, from Stirling University, said: 'The amount of EPA and DHA can vary based on the cut of salmon, as well as what it was fed, but farmed salmon is still high in nutrients.'

Salmon not only contains Omega 3 but selenium and phosphorus, which are also important for health.

Andrew Opie, director of food and sustainability at the British Retail Consortium, said: 'Consumers take various factors into consideration when buying salmon, including its health benefits and the way it is produced, and they will weigh these up when choosing what to purchase in a supermarket.'

Salmon not only contains Omega 3 but selenium and phosphorus, which are also important for health

Phil Brooke, from Compassion in World Farming, said: 'Intensive fish farming is bad for fish welfare and the product only contains Omega 3 due to the wasteful consumption of feed containing fish oil.'

Wild salmon consume only fish oil, which they get from algae and smaller fish, but lose fatty acids from that fish oil, as they become leaner during the migration back from the sea to the river to spawn.

This means farmed fish, which are kept confined in cages within the sea, can contain more Omega 3 than the wild variety.

But vegetable oil is more accessible, sustainable, and also cheaper than fish oil for the expanding fish farming industry.

So more of this can be used, which substantially reduces the amount of Omega 3 in farmed salmon.

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Cheaper salmon is 'as good as premium farmed products when it comes to Omega 3', study shows

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Lactobacillus B4 is a probiotic used in fish feed to enhance growth and improve resistance to pathogens.

The types of Omega 3 fatty acids found in farmed salmon are EPA and DHA.

Insect-based proteins are used as additives in salmon feed in France, as suggested by the potential future of fish feed.

The new salmon feed includes essential amino acids, which are crucial for animal protein production and immune body formation.

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Content: Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Agriculture: Poultry production depends on 55% of small breeders.
The sector recovered soon.
A report by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation revealed the recovery of the poultry industry during the coming period from the repercussions in which the industry was exposed during the recent period after the adoption of poultry production on 55% of small breeders.
A report by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, represented by the Animal Production Research Institute, said that the decline experienced by the poultry industry and production will be recovered from its consequences at the earliest opportunity, in light of the tangible boom achieved by the small breeder, which cost us to achieve self-sufficiency during the past years.
The report downplayed the repercussions of the recent crisis in the poultry production sector, explaining that large entities are the most affected, while the basic strength of the industry, represented by small breeders, has remained largely stable.
The report pointed out that the basic strength of poultry production projects depends mainly on the segment of small breeders, which represents about 55% of the actual strength of this economic activity, where he touched on the file of feed additives, explaining its importance to the poultry production industry, which is mainly based on maximizing the benefit of all inputs.
The report stressed that the desired goal of the use of feed additives, is to achieve the maximum possible absorption rate of protein, carbohydrates and fats, from the feed formula provided to birds, in a way that enhances the doubling of their productivity and improve their properties.
Feed additives are divided into two main sections: Feed additives: are those additives that enter the food directly, most notably vitamins of both types “fat ” and“ soluble in water ”, and play an active role in the completion of the process of digestion, in addition to its strong contribution to improving immunity.
The report added that the breeder aims to maximize productivity and double immunity rates, which achieves a tangible economic savings for the breeder, and is reflected positively on the level of profitability expected by the end of each cycle, explaining that amino acids “amino acid ”: the cell building unit and the pillar of animal protein production, in addition to its important role in the formation of immune bodies.
The report added that the mineral salts: divided into two basic “structural salts ”, the most important of which are“ calcium, potassium, magnesium ”, which enter as the main part in the synthesis of bones, and “non-food salts ”, and play the role of regulator of metabolic processes that take place within the body.
The report pointed out that there are non-food feed additives: the latest trend in the world of feed additives, which specialists call “yeasts ” or“ plastics, ” and represent a type of bacteria beneficial to living organisms.
The report stressed that the latest scientific research revealed that each gram of intestinal juice of a healthy human or animal, contains "1210" bacterial organism, as one of the most prominent manifestations of health, while some studies have found that 30% of the weight of the organism is only bacteria.