Overtourism can be addressed through a combination of strategies, including regulation, sustainable habits, and community engagement, to mitigate its negative social, environmental, and economic impacts.

"Sustainable tourism development requires considering a balance between tourism and urban operations, as well as ecological and social factors, to mitigate the negative impacts of overtourism and ensure responsible tourism management."

Overtourism causes various problems in destinations, including increased rent prices and traffic congestion, which are a result of the tourism industry's unlimited growth and the strain it puts on local resources.

Overtourism in European cities leads to social consequences including rising rents and soaring property prices, making it difficult for locals to afford living in their own communities.

Overtourism causes problems such as overdevelopment and natural area degradation, leading to declining quality of life and environmental damage in affected areas.

Overtourism problems are most visible in Venice and Japan, where issues such as high prices, homogenization of shops, and environmental degradation are prevalent.

Overtourism is a visible issue in China, specifically in Hong Kong, where the University of Hong Kong campus has been affected by large numbers of tourists, prompting the implementation of crowd control measures.

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems related to overtourism, including environmental pollution and strain on local resources, leading to conflicts between tourists and residents that require policy intervention.

The cities most affected by overtourism in Europe include Venice, Barcelona, Lisbon, Prague, and Amsterdam, with Venice being a notable example due to its small local population being exceeded by daily tourists.

Overtourism leads to a decline in the quality of life for locals and causes environmental damage due to the overwhelming number of tourists in certain areas.

Overtourism can be addressed through a combination of strategies, including regulation, sustainable habits, and community engagement, to mitigate its negative social, environmental, and economic impacts.

Title:

Content: Point of view
Lin Chi-yin
Lin Chi-yin: "Traveling Everywhere" and "Over-Travel"
Earlier, the Director of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council, Hsia Baolong, advocated the concept of “travel everywhere ” to fully explore Hong Kong ’ s tourism resources.
To speed up the implementation of the concept, the authorities are planning to set up a "special class" to bring together people inside and outside the Government for in-depth discussions.
In recent days, officials and legislators have expressed their views on the development of "red tourism", exploring new spots in the community, beautifying the streets, and presenting some scenes in the movies.
Simply put, it may be the story behind the attraction, or the accumulated word of mouth on social media, and every tree and grass anywhere can become a tourist attraction.
Of course, the author hopes that the "class" can launch various new ideas; and since the task of the class is to implement the concept of "travel everywhere", then how to implement the concept is the best for Hong Kong, the industry, the community and the public, the class can not ignore.
The University of Hong Kong campus has been forced by tourists, and the school has implemented reservation measures this month.
HKU itself has a complete management structure, and the university can still implement crowd control according to the situation. However, if some scenic spots that go deep into the community or even close to residential buildings are really "red hot", it may not be easy to implement crowd control.
“Everywhere travel ” is a concept, the key to implementation lies in the ability of the authorities to foresee problems. If you rely only on“ see and see ”, it is very likely that good things will turn into bad things.
“Aggressive ” Travel
In 2018, the word “overtourism ” was chosen as the Oxford English Dictionary ’ s word of the year, referring to the negative effects of overloading the area, declining quality of life and environmental damage caused by the influx of tourists to tourist attractions.
For example, Venice, Italy, which has long been affected by “overtourism ”, is not a“ once in a lifetime ” – the local population is only 50,000, and the number of daily tourists has exceeded the local population; during peak season, the number of daily visitors has even doubled.
I have friends who visited the place more than a decade ago, and they all agreed to say that people are crowded and will not go again.
In addition to Venice, some European cities or small islands with a tourism-led economy (such as the Canarias in Spain) also face the problem of job opportunities, high prices, and a homogenization of shops. Multinational companies invest heavily in hotels and holiday cottages, which also lead to higher rents, which locals can ’ t afford.
Even if tourism brings a lot of jobs to the region, it does not mean that the average person can earn a living wage.
People in these places understand the importance of tourism to the local economy, but they do not want the tourism industry to be unlimited, resulting in the resources of the whole place are only for the service of tourists.
"Tourism Hazards" and How to Deal with them
In Japanese society after the epidemic, a similar term, "tourism nuisance", has also appeared to describe problems such as traffic, noise, nuisance, and garbage pollution caused by too many tourists.
This phenomenon, in addition to the popularity of exchange rates, affordable air tickets, and people's desire to travel after the epidemic, social media will also have the effect of focusing on specific hot spots.
In the era of image-led, everyone can follow the picture, some places that were not originally planned as tourist attractions have begun to face sudden overcrowding.
Hong Kong people who love to visit Japan will not be unfamiliar with two “attractions ”: the Daokou near Enojima Electric Railway ’ s Kamakura University Station, and a Lawson convenience store in Kawaguchi-cho.
The former is the "holy place" of the popular manga "When Men are in the bottle". In recent years, the crossing has been congested with traffic due to frequent visits by tourists to "punch", local people can not get on the electric train, and some tourists are dangerous for taking good photos. Lawson is also a "punch" attraction, and the picture is a convenience store with a beautiful view of Mount Fuji. of tourists are constantly crossing the road and parking without permission, causing local residents to feel troubled.
Too many tourists can also lead to a decline in the quality of service, even in Japan, which values the spirit of “work people ”.
When I visited Japan last year, I saw some shops find ways to deal with “tourism hazards ” on their own, such as not allowing diners to take photos in the store, so that after the photos are uploaded to social media, it will cause more people to come and see them; limiting the number of diners to the number of people that the staff can serve, even if the seats are not full.
However, some tourists always find it difficult to understand the intentions behind these arrangements, and I have heard some tourists complain: "Obviously there is still a place, why not let us sit?"
When these conflicts can no longer be handled by businesses and residents themselves, how to strike a balance between “tourism ” and“ public nuisance ” will gradually become a policy issue.
The most extreme way to deal with it is to “eliminate ” popular attractions – coincidentally, the authorities of Kawaguchiko recently erected a 20-meter-long and 2.5-meter-high“ black curtain ” in front of Lawson to drive away tourists who came to take photos.
The reason why the authorities have to take extreme measures is that management alone can not prevent tourists from rushing out of the road, which is actually to "play the spot".
In addition, there are more and more tourist cities and hotspots charging tourists "admission fees" or "admission fees", but this method can not play a large role.
In Venice, for example, the city has been charging a 5 euro entry fee (about HK $42) to “overnight ” travelers since last month.
However, these fees simply cannot curb the huge demand for tourists, and the revenue is mainly used as a financial source to cope with "excessive travel", which can only cure the symptoms, not the root cause.
The Real Meaning of “Travel Everywhere ”
At this point, some people may point out that the above problems will only become problems if we succeed in attracting tourists to Hong Kong; what we have to focus on is how to get more people to come to Hong Kong.
However, how much tourism can bring to a city depends on the management and policies of the city, not on the remedial measures that can be taken.
Although the share of tourism industry in Hong Kong's economy is far less than that of the "tourist city" mentioned above, Hong Kong can't wait to see that other places are looking for countermeasures for the "tourism nuisance", and even start to turn to attack, redefine the tourism industry from the planning level and actively promote tourist education.
In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for example, the government announced last month that it would ban new hotels and limit the number of cruise ships to return the city to a livable and tourism-friendly city. In Kamakura, Japan, people are no longer concentrated at certain points by decentralizing transportation (such as the launch of electric tricycle rental business) and proactively promoting multiple circumnavigation routes (such as the travel routes at 13 locations of Kamakura Shogunate).
The main disadvantage of post-event remediation is that the difficulty and cost of solving the problem are greatly increased, which will also affect the experience of tourists. More than 10 years ago, the North District of Hong Kong also experienced a pharmacy every few steps, and the situation of residents in the North District driving out water consignors on their own, which hurt the feelings of the people of the two places.
In particular, there are many policy issues that can be foreseen in advance, and we do not have to go through them personally before we know what the problem is (for example, the legal problems faced by cleaners under the garbage levy will not be known until the moment of trial).
Since there is a great deal of experience and policy measures in various places to refer to, the “Special Class ” must also strike a balance between tourism and city operations when formulating tourist routes and supporting packages, otherwise the attraction will only lead to losses. After the city of Kamakura solved the problem of overcrowding of tourists, the tourism industry representative of Kanagawa Prefecture (that is, the seat of Kamakura City) pointed out:“ Attraction is not tourism. ” The amount of time it takes to win is certainly not appropriate.
“Travel Everywhere ” is not just about adding tourist attractions, but promoting quality tourism in a more nuanced and proactive way to avoid problems.
The author is a public policy consultant.
■ Articles
1.
Forum version is open park, welcome to submit.
Forum articles are limited to 2300 words. Please email to forum @ mingpao.com, fax: 2898 3783.
2. The editor of this paper reserves the right to delete the article based on the space limit, but in order to maintain the main points and positions of the article as the principle; if you do not want the article to be deleted, please indicate.
3.
Please attach the author's real name and contact information (can be published under a pen name), please do not submit one manuscript twice; if not applicable, without prior notice, except for those with postage return, this paper will not return the manuscript.
4.
Note to Contributors: Once an article is published, we have exclusive local rights to publish the article in Chinese. This right also includes the right to republish the article in local and overseas media (including electronic media, such as Internet sites).
In addition, we have the right to grant the right to use the copy of the article to the relevant copying authorizing companies and organizations.
The above rights in this paper do not affect the copyright of the contributor and their rights and interests.
(Criticism of current affairs articles published by this website is aimed at pointing out errors or deficiencies in relevant systems, policies or measures, with the aim of correcting or eliminating such errors or deficiencies, and improving them through lawful means, with no intention of inciting hatred, dissatisfaction or hostility towards the Government or other communities)
[Lin Chi-yin]
Previous / Next News

"Sustainable tourism development requires considering a balance between tourism and urban operations, as well as ecological and social factors, to mitigate the negative impacts of overtourism and ensure responsible tourism management."

Overtourism causes various problems in destinations, including increased rent prices and traffic congestion, which are a result of the tourism industry's unlimited growth and the strain it puts on local resources.

Overtourism in European cities leads to social consequences including rising rents and soaring property prices, making it difficult for locals to afford living in their own communities.

Overtourism causes problems such as overdevelopment and natural area degradation, leading to declining quality of life and environmental damage in affected areas.

Overtourism problems are most visible in Venice and Japan, where issues such as high prices, homogenization of shops, and environmental degradation are prevalent.

Overtourism is a visible issue in China, specifically in Hong Kong, where the University of Hong Kong campus has been affected by large numbers of tourists, prompting the implementation of crowd control measures.

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems related to overtourism, including environmental pollution and strain on local resources, leading to conflicts between tourists and residents that require policy intervention.

The cities most affected by overtourism in Europe include Venice, Barcelona, Lisbon, Prague, and Amsterdam, with Venice being a notable example due to its small local population being exceeded by daily tourists.

Overtourism leads to a decline in the quality of life for locals and causes environmental damage due to the overwhelming number of tourists in certain areas.


Overtourism can be addressed through a combination of strategies, including regulation, sustainable habits, and community engagement, to mitigate its negative social, environmental, and economic impacts.

"Addressing overtourism globally requires a range of strategies, including regulation, sustainable habits, and community engagement, as seen in examples from Amsterdam and Kamakura."

To address overtourism globally, a combination of regulatory measures, sustainable practices, and community engagement is necessary to promote quality tourism and avoid the negative consequences of overcrowding and strain on local resources.

"Sustainable tourism development requires considering a balance between tourism and urban operations, as well as ecological and social factors, to mitigate the negative impacts of overtourism and ensure responsible tourism management."

"Sustainable tourism development requires a balance between tourism and urban operations, considering ecological and social factors to avoid the negative consequences of overtourism, such as overcrowding and strain on local communities."

"Sustainable tourism development requires a balance between tourism and urban operation, considering ecological and social factors to prevent over-exploitation of resources and ensure that local communities benefit from tourism."

Sustainable tourism development requires considering the balance between tourism and its impact on local communities and ecosystems, including ecological and social factors.

"Sustainable tourism development requires a balance between tourism and urban operation, considering ecological and social factors, as seen in examples from Amsterdam and Kamakura."

The tourism sector is responsible for 8% of the carbon footprint, according to the given answer, which falls within the 5-8% range stated by Teddy Finley in the source document.

Overtourism causes various problems in destinations, including increased rent prices and traffic congestion, which are a result of the tourism industry's unlimited growth and the strain it puts on local resources.

Overtourism can lead to traffic congestion, trouble for local residents, and a decline in the quality of service, ultimately causing problems for both tourists and local communities.

Overtourism in European cities leads to social consequences including rising rents and soaring property prices, making it difficult for locals to afford living in their own communities.

Overtourism causes problems such as overdevelopment and natural area degradation, leading to declining quality of life and environmental damage in affected areas.

Overtourism leads to environmental pollution and degradation of natural areas, causing problems in many areas.

Overtourism leads to environmental degradation and overdevelopment, as seen in locations like Mount Fuji and Ha Long Bay, where large numbers of tourists result in overcrowding, garbage, and pollution.

"Large numbers of tourists can cause overdevelopment and natural area degradation, leading to environmental damage and stress on local communities."

Overtourism problems are most visible in Venice and Japan, where issues such as high prices, homogenization of shops, and environmental degradation are prevalent.

Overtourism problems are visible in specific locations in Japan, such as the Daokou near Enojima Electric Railway’s Kamakura University Station and a Lawson convenience store in Kawaguchi-cho, which have faced sudden overcrowding due to their popularity on social media.

Overtourism problems are most visible in locations such as Venice and Japan, where authorities have implemented measures like entry fees to manage the large number of tourists, but these efforts have been insufficient to address the root causes of overtourism.

Overtourism problems are visible in locations like Japan, specifically Kamakura City, which has addressed issues of tourist overcrowding, and Venice, as indicated by the provided answer.

"Overtourism problems are most visible globally in destinations like Japan, specifically Mount Fuji, and possibly other areas like Venice, which are affected by environmental pollution and tourism hazards."

Overtourism is a visible issue in China, specifically in Hong Kong, where the University of Hong Kong campus has been affected by large numbers of tourists, prompting the implementation of crowd control measures.

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems related to overtourism, including environmental pollution and strain on local resources, leading to conflicts between tourists and residents that require policy intervention.

"Fuji Mountain and other popular tourist destinations are impacted by environmental pollution and overtourism, highlighting the need for responsible tourism management."

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems of environmental pollution and overtourism, which are exacerbated by the 'Instagram effect' and result in excessive waste generation and impact on water resources.

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems such as environmental pollution and overtourism, resulting in overcrowding, garbage, and safety risks.

The cities most affected by overtourism in Europe include Venice, Barcelona, Lisbon, Prague, and Amsterdam, with Venice being a notable example due to its small local population being exceeded by daily tourists.

Amsterdam is one of the European cities affected by overtourism, with the government taking measures to limit tourism.

Venice, along with other European cities like Barcelona, Lisbon, Prague, and Amsterdam, is significantly affected by overtourism, leading to various environmental and social issues.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents in affected areas, including scenic spots and residential buildings.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents, causing a decline in quality of life and environmental damage due to the large number of tourists.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents, causing higher rents and a strain on local resources.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents, causing trouble and disruption to their daily lives.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents in areas such as Amsterdam and Kamakura, where governments are taking measures to mitigate its negative effects.

Popular tourist spots in China can lead to safety risks and management issues, emphasizing the need for responsible tourism management and crowd control measures.

Popular tourist spots in China and other parts of the world are plagued by safety risks and management issues due to overcrowding, leading to accidents, environmental degradation, and disruption of local communities.

The popularity of tourist spots in China is driven by social media platforms, where word of mouth and stories behind attractions can make any place a tourist destination.

Social media platforms can contribute to the popularity of tourist spots by allowing users to share photos and experiences, which can attract more visitors.

Overtourism can lead to increased rental prices in local communities, making it difficult for locals to afford living in their own areas.

Overtourism leads to a decline in the quality of life for locals and causes environmental damage due to the overwhelming number of tourists in certain areas.

Overtourism can have negative consequences on local life quality and the environment, including strain on resources and infrastructure, as seen in the example of the University of Hong Kong campus.

Overtourism has negative consequences on local life quality and the environment, including high prices, homogenization of shops, higher rents, and issues like traffic, noise, and garbage pollution.

Overtourism leads to a negative impact on local life quality and the environment, causing issues such as traffic congestion, decline in service quality, and trouble for local residents.

Overtourism has negative consequences on local life quality and the environment, and current management measures are insufficient to address the issue.

Overtourism can be addressed through a combination of strategies, including regulation, sustainable habits, and community engagement, to mitigate its negative social, environmental, and economic impacts.

Title:

Content: Point of view
Lin Chi-yin
Lin Chi-yin: "Traveling Everywhere" and "Over-Travel"
Earlier, the Director of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council, Hsia Baolong, advocated the concept of “travel everywhere ” to fully explore Hong Kong ’ s tourism resources.
To speed up the implementation of the concept, the authorities are planning to set up a "special class" to bring together people inside and outside the Government for in-depth discussions.
In recent days, officials and legislators have expressed their views on the development of "red tourism", exploring new spots in the community, beautifying the streets, and presenting some scenes in the movies.
Simply put, it may be the story behind the attraction, or the accumulated word of mouth on social media, and every tree and grass anywhere can become a tourist attraction.
Of course, the author hopes that the "class" can launch various new ideas; and since the task of the class is to implement the concept of "travel everywhere", then how to implement the concept is the best for Hong Kong, the industry, the community and the public, the class can not ignore.
The University of Hong Kong campus has been forced by tourists, and the school has implemented reservation measures this month.
HKU itself has a complete management structure, and the university can still implement crowd control according to the situation. However, if some scenic spots that go deep into the community or even close to residential buildings are really "red hot", it may not be easy to implement crowd control.
“Everywhere travel ” is a concept, the key to implementation lies in the ability of the authorities to foresee problems. If you rely only on“ see and see ”, it is very likely that good things will turn into bad things.
“Aggressive ” Travel
In 2018, the word “overtourism ” was chosen as the Oxford English Dictionary ’ s word of the year, referring to the negative effects of overloading the area, declining quality of life and environmental damage caused by the influx of tourists to tourist attractions.
For example, Venice, Italy, which has long been affected by “overtourism ”, is not a“ once in a lifetime ” – the local population is only 50,000, and the number of daily tourists has exceeded the local population; during peak season, the number of daily visitors has even doubled.
I have friends who visited the place more than a decade ago, and they all agreed to say that people are crowded and will not go again.
In addition to Venice, some European cities or small islands with a tourism-led economy (such as the Canarias in Spain) also face the problem of job opportunities, high prices, and a homogenization of shops. Multinational companies invest heavily in hotels and holiday cottages, which also lead to higher rents, which locals can ’ t afford.
Even if tourism brings a lot of jobs to the region, it does not mean that the average person can earn a living wage.
People in these places understand the importance of tourism to the local economy, but they do not want the tourism industry to be unlimited, resulting in the resources of the whole place are only for the service of tourists.
"Tourism Hazards" and How to Deal with them
In Japanese society after the epidemic, a similar term, "tourism nuisance", has also appeared to describe problems such as traffic, noise, nuisance, and garbage pollution caused by too many tourists.
This phenomenon, in addition to the popularity of exchange rates, affordable air tickets, and people's desire to travel after the epidemic, social media will also have the effect of focusing on specific hot spots.
In the era of image-led, everyone can follow the picture, some places that were not originally planned as tourist attractions have begun to face sudden overcrowding.
Hong Kong people who love to visit Japan will not be unfamiliar with two “attractions ”: the Daokou near Enojima Electric Railway ’ s Kamakura University Station, and a Lawson convenience store in Kawaguchi-cho.
The former is the "holy place" of the popular manga "When Men are in the bottle". In recent years, the crossing has been congested with traffic due to frequent visits by tourists to "punch", local people can not get on the electric train, and some tourists are dangerous for taking good photos. Lawson is also a "punch" attraction, and the picture is a convenience store with a beautiful view of Mount Fuji. of tourists are constantly crossing the road and parking without permission, causing local residents to feel troubled.
Too many tourists can also lead to a decline in the quality of service, even in Japan, which values the spirit of “work people ”.
When I visited Japan last year, I saw some shops find ways to deal with “tourism hazards ” on their own, such as not allowing diners to take photos in the store, so that after the photos are uploaded to social media, it will cause more people to come and see them; limiting the number of diners to the number of people that the staff can serve, even if the seats are not full.
However, some tourists always find it difficult to understand the intentions behind these arrangements, and I have heard some tourists complain: "Obviously there is still a place, why not let us sit?"
When these conflicts can no longer be handled by businesses and residents themselves, how to strike a balance between “tourism ” and“ public nuisance ” will gradually become a policy issue.
The most extreme way to deal with it is to “eliminate ” popular attractions – coincidentally, the authorities of Kawaguchiko recently erected a 20-meter-long and 2.5-meter-high“ black curtain ” in front of Lawson to drive away tourists who came to take photos.
The reason why the authorities have to take extreme measures is that management alone can not prevent tourists from rushing out of the road, which is actually to "play the spot".
In addition, there are more and more tourist cities and hotspots charging tourists "admission fees" or "admission fees", but this method can not play a large role.
In Venice, for example, the city has been charging a 5 euro entry fee (about HK $42) to “overnight ” travelers since last month.
However, these fees simply cannot curb the huge demand for tourists, and the revenue is mainly used as a financial source to cope with "excessive travel", which can only cure the symptoms, not the root cause.
The Real Meaning of “Travel Everywhere ”
At this point, some people may point out that the above problems will only become problems if we succeed in attracting tourists to Hong Kong; what we have to focus on is how to get more people to come to Hong Kong.
However, how much tourism can bring to a city depends on the management and policies of the city, not on the remedial measures that can be taken.
Although the share of tourism industry in Hong Kong's economy is far less than that of the "tourist city" mentioned above, Hong Kong can't wait to see that other places are looking for countermeasures for the "tourism nuisance", and even start to turn to attack, redefine the tourism industry from the planning level and actively promote tourist education.
In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for example, the government announced last month that it would ban new hotels and limit the number of cruise ships to return the city to a livable and tourism-friendly city. In Kamakura, Japan, people are no longer concentrated at certain points by decentralizing transportation (such as the launch of electric tricycle rental business) and proactively promoting multiple circumnavigation routes (such as the travel routes at 13 locations of Kamakura Shogunate).
The main disadvantage of post-event remediation is that the difficulty and cost of solving the problem are greatly increased, which will also affect the experience of tourists. More than 10 years ago, the North District of Hong Kong also experienced a pharmacy every few steps, and the situation of residents in the North District driving out water consignors on their own, which hurt the feelings of the people of the two places.
In particular, there are many policy issues that can be foreseen in advance, and we do not have to go through them personally before we know what the problem is (for example, the legal problems faced by cleaners under the garbage levy will not be known until the moment of trial).
Since there is a great deal of experience and policy measures in various places to refer to, the “Special Class ” must also strike a balance between tourism and city operations when formulating tourist routes and supporting packages, otherwise the attraction will only lead to losses. After the city of Kamakura solved the problem of overcrowding of tourists, the tourism industry representative of Kanagawa Prefecture (that is, the seat of Kamakura City) pointed out:“ Attraction is not tourism. ” The amount of time it takes to win is certainly not appropriate.
“Travel Everywhere ” is not just about adding tourist attractions, but promoting quality tourism in a more nuanced and proactive way to avoid problems.
The author is a public policy consultant.
■ Articles
1.
Forum version is open park, welcome to submit.
Forum articles are limited to 2300 words. Please email to forum @ mingpao.com, fax: 2898 3783.
2. The editor of this paper reserves the right to delete the article based on the space limit, but in order to maintain the main points and positions of the article as the principle; if you do not want the article to be deleted, please indicate.
3.
Please attach the author's real name and contact information (can be published under a pen name), please do not submit one manuscript twice; if not applicable, without prior notice, except for those with postage return, this paper will not return the manuscript.
4.
Note to Contributors: Once an article is published, we have exclusive local rights to publish the article in Chinese. This right also includes the right to republish the article in local and overseas media (including electronic media, such as Internet sites).
In addition, we have the right to grant the right to use the copy of the article to the relevant copying authorizing companies and organizations.
The above rights in this paper do not affect the copyright of the contributor and their rights and interests.
(Criticism of current affairs articles published by this website is aimed at pointing out errors or deficiencies in relevant systems, policies or measures, with the aim of correcting or eliminating such errors or deficiencies, and improving them through lawful means, with no intention of inciting hatred, dissatisfaction or hostility towards the Government or other communities)
[Lin Chi-yin]
Previous / Next News

"Addressing overtourism globally requires a range of strategies, including regulation, sustainable habits, and community engagement, as seen in examples from Amsterdam and Kamakura."

To address overtourism globally, a combination of regulatory measures, sustainable practices, and community engagement is necessary to promote quality tourism and avoid the negative consequences of overcrowding and strain on local resources.

"Sustainable tourism development requires considering a balance between tourism and urban operations, as well as ecological and social factors, to mitigate the negative impacts of overtourism and ensure responsible tourism management."

"Sustainable tourism development requires a balance between tourism and urban operations, considering ecological and social factors to avoid the negative consequences of overtourism, such as overcrowding and strain on local communities."

"Sustainable tourism development requires a balance between tourism and urban operation, considering ecological and social factors to prevent over-exploitation of resources and ensure that local communities benefit from tourism."

Sustainable tourism development requires considering the balance between tourism and its impact on local communities and ecosystems, including ecological and social factors.

"Sustainable tourism development requires a balance between tourism and urban operation, considering ecological and social factors, as seen in examples from Amsterdam and Kamakura."

The tourism sector is responsible for 8% of the carbon footprint, according to the given answer, which falls within the 5-8% range stated by Teddy Finley in the source document.

Title:

Content: Reports & Analytics
Tourism in 2023.
Eastern Europe ’ s Decline, Saudi Arabia and China Prosperity Key to Recovery
Unlike many other industries, there is no single clear product in the industry, as it includes a range of different industries, aviation, road transport, accommodation and touring between different attractions, travel companies, restaurants, souvenir shops and other activities all fall within the broad concept of the tourism industry.
Tourism, however, is usually defined as the travel of a person or group of people and the stay in a place outside their usual environment for less than a year for the purpose of recreation, seeking treatment, or for other reasons.
During the past three decades, the tourism sector has rebounded globally, but the Coronavirus pandemic has undoubtedly been a moment of severe setback for the sector and its development, and has taken it back a lot, yet the profitability of the industry makes many countries have real incentives to invest in policies that allow the development of travel and tourism.
The economic attractiveness of the tourism sector does not negate that expectations about the ability of the global tourism scene to recover this year and return to what it was before the Coronavirus pandemic remain controversial.
A paradoxical set of factors is influencing the tourism landscape this year.
The Russian-Ukrainian war is not over and there is no sign of this, which has negative economic repercussions on the two belligerent neighbors, and therefore the possibility of a decrease in the number of tourists coming from the two countries and a decline in their financial capacity, which is very likely.
Taking into account that Russian and Ukrainian tourists are a major driver of the tourism sector in many countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region, we can recognize the negative impact of the war on the tourism sector in a number of global tourist destinations.
On the other hand, China is opening its doors and abandoning the zero-covid-policy, suggesting that Chinese tourists can return to the world stage and revive the international tourism market, at the same time, the recession is likely to hit the global economy, and this will have a severe impact on the world tourism markets, but the growing dollar strength suggests that the American tourist is likely to be a major player in the international tourism market this year.
Therefore, a diverse and conflicting set of factors will leave their mark on the international tourism market in 2023, and in this context, the Economist polled the opinions of a number of experts in the field of tourism to draw a picture of the international tourism scene and its possible consequences.
Alex Dean, the former chief executive of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), is optimistic about the general course of the international arena this year, without ruling out the possibility of some unrest.
During the past year, inbound tourism spending increased by 112 per cent compared to 2021, despite inflation that hit the global economy in the second half of 2022, and tourists spending per trip shows an increase of 13 per cent at 2022 prices, with an average of $1,331 per tourist worldwide.
By 2023, researcher Alex Dean expects total tourism spending to exceed $1.4 trillion internationally, with global tourist arrivals rising 30 percent.
Hotels, restaurants and airports are likely to struggle to cope with labor shortages, wage requirements and rising food and energy prices, but international airlines will make remarkable profits this year, benefiting from increased passenger numbers, after two years of consecutive losses, with the International Air Transport Association predicting that airlines will suffer a combined net loss of $9.7 billion in 2022, compared to $180 billion in 2020-2021. ".
For her part, Dr. Orla Liu, professor of international economics at the University of Bristol, pointed out that most estimates suggest that the number of tourists arriving globally is about 1.6 billion, which is less than the number of tourists in 2019, i.e. before the Corona pandemic, which reached 1.8 billion tourists.
“The tourism path will of course vary from region to region, and international reports indicate that some parts of the Middle East will witness a clear tourism recovery, specifically Saudi Arabia, which has an attractive physical and cultural infrastructure for tourism.
Overall, the Middle East saw a very strong tourism recovery in 2022, with tourist arrivals rising 287 per cent year-on-year from January to July 2022, bringing them closer to the 2019 level.
“Saudi Arabia, which has witnessed the resumption of the Hajj season, has big plans especially for the tourism sector within the framework of the Kingdom ’ s Vision 2030, including the development of the Red Sea region and the construction of a number of international hotels on different islands, while it will be different for Eastern Europe, which will not return to the previous levels of the Coronavirus until 2025 due to the impact of the Ukrainian war. ”
However, some argue that the most influential factor in this year ’ s international tourism trajectory will be China and the return of Chinese tourists to the global tourism scene.
Lauren Phillip, the former CEO of Visit Britain, points out that in the years before COVID-19, China was the world ’ s most important source of international travelers, with 155 million Chinese tourists spending more than $250 billion outside their borders in 2019, but this generosity declined dramatically in the following years due to the country ’ s closure of its borders. With them comes the hope that international tourism will recover its lost health once again.
The top tourist destinations for Chinese are in the Asia-Pacific region, specifically Australia, Thailand, Japan and Hong Kong, and the United States and the United Kingdom ranked among the top tourist attractions for Chinese.
“Travel bookings during the Lunar New Year holiday, which falls between January 21 and 27, have risen 540 per cent as a result of the accumulation of bank deposits by Chinese households in recent years due to repeated closures, ” said Loren Phillip.
"The tourism sector in Europe knows the importance of Chinese tourists, so we are currently in a conflict between officials of airlines, airports, tourism companies and major hotels that stand united against politicians and health officials in the European Union who recommend medical tests for Chinese tourists before they set foot on European soil to make sure they are not infected with COVID-19," she said.
But the role that Chinese tourists will play in the international tourism map this year does not contradict the view of eco-tourism expert Teddy Finley that climate change could have negative repercussions on the scale of tourism recovery.
“Climate change is beginning to affect some of the major tourist destinations.
Popular ski resorts lack snow and summer resorts have been affected by drought and wildfires, and in 2023 those effects will be even more pronounced if weather-related events continue to worsen. ”
According to Teddy Finley, tourism accounts for 5-8% of greenhouse gases, and increasing travelers ’ awareness of the environmental consequences of tourism could change their tourism patterns and destinations, according to a study by the European Investment Bank, 37% of Chinese, 22% of Europeans and the same percentage of Americans expressed concerns about air travel as a result of climate change, but at the same time they were willing to pay higher prices for more. Eco-friendly options on their tour.
But with talk about the continuation of the US Federal Reserve in raising interest rates in the United States and continuing inflation to hit the joints of the global economy on a large scale, the possibility of an economic recession remains a concern for many experts, especially in the United States and Europe. Risks of economic uncertainty, especially since the "home quarantine" during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed the accumulation of savings that could be used at the moment regardless of the economic situation.
However, Dr. Max Elbe, professor of international trade, believes that a recession, if it happens, will have multiple repercussions on the path of international tourism.
"If the recession is accompanied by a significant rise in the value of the US dollar against other international currencies, we can see a significant increase in the number of tourists coming from the US and countries whose national currency is pegged to the dollar such as the Gulf region, and even if this does not offset the decline in the total number of tourists globally, the spending capacity of this group of tourists means that the international return from tourism activity will be high even as tourist arrivals."
But Dr. Elby believes that the most realistic possibility is that the economic recession will lead tourists to revise travel plans so that tourist arrivals do not shrink as much as to re-choose the most budget-friendly destinations, look for destinations with good value for limited financial capabilities, adapt to the recession by shortening the trip or choose cheaper destinations and rely on more price comparison platforms, or change travel times to non-peak times.
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Overtourism causes various problems in destinations, including increased rent prices and traffic congestion, which are a result of the tourism industry's unlimited growth and the strain it puts on local resources.

Overtourism can lead to traffic congestion, trouble for local residents, and a decline in the quality of service, ultimately causing problems for both tourists and local communities.

Overtourism in European cities leads to social consequences including rising rents and soaring property prices, making it difficult for locals to afford living in their own communities.

Overtourism causes problems such as overdevelopment and natural area degradation, leading to declining quality of life and environmental damage in affected areas.

Overtourism leads to environmental pollution and degradation of natural areas, causing problems in many areas.

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Japan 's Mount Fuji Exposed in 2024 "9 Top Places to Avoid Visiting"
Mount Fuji, Japan. (Photo, Euronews)
2023 / 12 / 10 15: 45
Li Xinjie / Editor-in-Chief
[Real-Time News / Comprehensive Report] As 2024 approaches, many people are already excited to prepare for various plans to travel abroad.
However, the well-known American travel magazine Fodor ’ s Travel (Fodor ’ s Travel) announced next year ’ s “9 Best Places to Visit in the World ”, calling on tourists to carefully consider avoiding these famous but much-needed hot spots, and mentioning that these areas are affected by environmental pollution and tourism hazards.
Among them, Mount Fuji in Japan, which Taiwanese love, is also on the list.
According to a comprehensive foreign media report, among the nine “No List ” listed by Fodor Travel on its official website in 2024, four of them are in Asia and the rest are in Europe and the United States.
According to the official website, the original intention of the evaluation is not to deliberately suppress partial generalization, but to "respect" as the starting point of the declaration, this time to open the list of avoid visits, but also focus on tourists to nine tourist attractions and dependent local communities, resulting in "excessive tourism", "excessive waste generation", "affect water resources" these three major impacts.
At the same time, Fodor Tourism also pointed out that these nine tourist hotspots are deeply affected by the "Instagram effect", because the beauty of these places is circulating around the world, causing tourism.
Finally, Fodor Tourism also calls on tourists around the world to let go of these areas when planning their 2024 travel plans, but also to be careful to protect the local environment and culture, and to respect the people and places everywhere.
Mount Fuji, Japan
The number of climbers at the site has skyrocketed in recent years, but local authorities and people have pointed out that many do not fully understand the risks involved in climbing Mount Fuji, resulting in overcrowding at the top of the sacred mountain and putting themselves at risk.
In addition, many climbers are unwilling to pay 1,000 yen (about NT $200) for safety and environmental maintenance, and even leave a lot of garbage and urine filled bottles, which can only be cleaned by volunteers, causing headaches.
Ha Long Bay, Vietnam
The local waters attract a large number of international tourists to vacation, including snorkeling, water sports and fishing activities, which also lead to the local garbage load, the waters are full of garbage and diesel, and the local government ’ s poor implementation of pollution policies, it is very easy to be avoided by operators, so that the natural ecology of the area is facing unbearable pollution.
Koh Samui, Thailand
The island has been plagued by fresh water shortages for nearly a year, and the influx of tourists has consumed up to 70% of the region ’ s precious water resources, seriously exacerbating the island ’ s freshwater shortage.
Ganges, India
The river, regarded as the source of life for the people of India, has faced problems such as reduced flow, garbage pollution, and endangered freshwater dolphins in recent years, which have been exacerbated by the emerging luxury cruise industry.
Athens, Greece
The lack of a tourism hazard management plan by the local government does not mean that the world heritage is in danger of being destroyed, but also that the traditional way of life of the local people is being destroyed by a large number of tourists.
The Acropolis has already implemented a daily visitor limit, which has been reduced from 23,000 to 20,000 per day, and the Parthenon Temple to 17,000.
Italy (Venice)
Venice has long been affected by subsidence, flooding, and the damage caused by the increasing number of tourists, adding to the stress of this ancient and fragile city, and adversely affecting the local environment and residents.
Although the local government has taken several specific measures to try to reduce tourists, including charging a tourist tax of 5 euros (about NT $171) for all visitors over 14 years old who come to the city for a “day trip ” between the end of April and mid-July next year, it is still considered unlikely to improve the problem.
San Gabriel Mountains National Monument, California
This “natural oasis ” in Los Angeles County, due to the number of tourists and lack of environmental awareness, not only is the monument graffiti by tourists, but even littering everywhere, causing the local environment to suffer a lot of damage.
Lake Superior (United States – Canada border)
Lake Superior, on the border between the United States and Canada, is the largest freshwater lake on the planet, and its ecology is now exposed to a variety of hazards due to human visits, including species invasion, rapid algal blooms, and fish consumption warnings.
Chile's Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific coast, is a spectacular natural beauty of deserts, geysers, lagoons, salt mines, cliffs and peaks, but the local environment is polluted by "fast fashion" and unfortunately becomes a landfill.
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Overtourism leads to environmental degradation and overdevelopment, as seen in locations like Mount Fuji and Ha Long Bay, where large numbers of tourists result in overcrowding, garbage, and pollution.

"Large numbers of tourists can cause overdevelopment and natural area degradation, leading to environmental damage and stress on local communities."

Overtourism problems are most visible in Venice and Japan, where issues such as high prices, homogenization of shops, and environmental degradation are prevalent.

Overtourism problems are visible in specific locations in Japan, such as the Daokou near Enojima Electric Railway’s Kamakura University Station and a Lawson convenience store in Kawaguchi-cho, which have faced sudden overcrowding due to their popularity on social media.

Overtourism problems are most visible in locations such as Venice and Japan, where authorities have implemented measures like entry fees to manage the large number of tourists, but these efforts have been insufficient to address the root causes of overtourism.

Overtourism problems are visible in locations like Japan, specifically Kamakura City, which has addressed issues of tourist overcrowding, and Venice, as indicated by the provided answer.

"Overtourism problems are most visible globally in destinations like Japan, specifically Mount Fuji, and possibly other areas like Venice, which are affected by environmental pollution and tourism hazards."

Overtourism is a visible issue in China, specifically in Hong Kong, where the University of Hong Kong campus has been affected by large numbers of tourists, prompting the implementation of crowd control measures.

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems related to overtourism, including environmental pollution and strain on local resources, leading to conflicts between tourists and residents that require policy intervention.

"Fuji Mountain and other popular tourist destinations are impacted by environmental pollution and overtourism, highlighting the need for responsible tourism management."

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems of environmental pollution and overtourism, which are exacerbated by the 'Instagram effect' and result in excessive waste generation and impact on water resources.

Areas like Fuji Mountain face problems such as environmental pollution and overtourism, resulting in overcrowding, garbage, and safety risks.

The cities most affected by overtourism in Europe include Venice, Barcelona, Lisbon, Prague, and Amsterdam, with Venice being a notable example due to its small local population being exceeded by daily tourists.

Amsterdam is one of the European cities affected by overtourism, with the government taking measures to limit tourism.

Venice, along with other European cities like Barcelona, Lisbon, Prague, and Amsterdam, is significantly affected by overtourism, leading to various environmental and social issues.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents in affected areas, including scenic spots and residential buildings.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents, causing a decline in quality of life and environmental damage due to the large number of tourists.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents, causing higher rents and a strain on local resources.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents, causing trouble and disruption to their daily lives.

Overtourism affects the local environment and residents in areas such as Amsterdam and Kamakura, where governments are taking measures to mitigate its negative effects.

Popular tourist spots in China can lead to safety risks and management issues, emphasizing the need for responsible tourism management and crowd control measures.

Popular tourist spots in China and other parts of the world are plagued by safety risks and management issues due to overcrowding, leading to accidents, environmental degradation, and disruption of local communities.

The popularity of tourist spots in China is driven by social media platforms, where word of mouth and stories behind attractions can make any place a tourist destination.

Social media platforms can contribute to the popularity of tourist spots by allowing users to share photos and experiences, which can attract more visitors.

Overtourism can lead to increased rental prices in local communities, making it difficult for locals to afford living in their own areas.

Overtourism leads to a decline in the quality of life for locals and causes environmental damage due to the overwhelming number of tourists in certain areas.

Overtourism can have negative consequences on local life quality and the environment, including strain on resources and infrastructure, as seen in the example of the University of Hong Kong campus.

Overtourism has negative consequences on local life quality and the environment, including high prices, homogenization of shops, higher rents, and issues like traffic, noise, and garbage pollution.

Overtourism leads to a negative impact on local life quality and the environment, causing issues such as traffic congestion, decline in service quality, and trouble for local residents.

Overtourism has negative consequences on local life quality and the environment, and current management measures are insufficient to address the issue.


The document discusses language protection laws in Russia, but does not mention specific laws regulating borrowings from English, highlighting the need for clear criteria to distinguish foreign words.

The document discusses the Russian government in the context of U.S. actions that may force Russia to default on its debt.

Russia has taken measures to protect its language from excessive borrowings, implying an effort to prevent cultural identity loss.

Russia is taking measures to preserve its state language by limiting the use of foreign words, especially in business names, to protect the language from excessive borrowings.

The document discusses language protection laws in Russia, but does not mention specific laws regulating borrowings from English, highlighting the need for clear criteria to distinguish foreign words.

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Content: The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language - what should be feared - RIA Novosti Crimea, 16.02.2023
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The ban on foreign borrowings in the Russian language – what should be feared
Philologists: in the fight against foreign borrowings in the language, it is important to prevent excesses
© Fotolia / daria rizaDictionary of the Russian language.
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SIMFEROPOL, Feb 16 – RIA Novosti Crimea, Alexey Goncharov.
The main risk of the law adopted by the State Duma on the restriction of the use of foreign words is the excesses that can be allowed in the struggle for the purity of the Russian language.
This opinion was expressed by the interviewed website RIA Novosti Crimea and radio "Sputnik in Crimea" experts.
Chancellery is no less an enemy
On Thursday, the State Duma in the second and third reading adopted amendments to the federal law "On the state language of the Russian Federation".
The law, in particular, prohibits the use of foreign words at the state level, with the exception of those that do not have common Russian-language analogues.
Deputies also approved a list of areas where Russian is mandatory for use.
These include information for consumers of goods, works and services, as well as the education sector, state and municipal information systems.
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Philology of the Crimean Federal University.
Vernadsky Vladimir Orekhov believes this law is correct and necessary, since the Russian language needs protection.
However, the main problem is how this document will work in practice.
"Indeed, there can be excesses, and on the part of officials, who in many cases are themselves a source of stupid borrowing.
It is this category that often distorts the Russian language with stationery and borrowings, inventing some new formulas.
To make a beautiful project or report, you need to call the old with new words, preferably foreign, and, passing the old for new, somehow raise your prestige.
And then it already diverges, ” the expert explained in comments to RIA Novosti Crimea.
Orekhov also does not believe that young people are the main source of borrowing in the language.
According to him, youth slang is changing so quickly that such loanwords rarely take root for a long time.
At the same time, what is recorded in official documents, already, as they say in a well-known saying, "you can not cut down with an axe."
Down with the Chancellery: Officials Were Requested to Speak Human > >
“Most of the borrowings that this law is designed to save us from are in official documents of different levels.
This also applies to the capital institutions, but to a greater extent provincial.
This is a kind of fashion – to show your knowledge using incomprehensible foreign words.
How to deal with it, I have no recipe.
On the other hand, this law in itself can change this fashion in the administrative environment.
In this case, he by the very fact of his existence will correct the situation, ” the philologist suggested.
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
According to Orekhov, the mechanisms that will be able to effectively implement the norms of this law should be developed through a wide public discussion, with the involvement of school teachers, university teachers, cultural figures and all those who are involved in the development of the Russian language.
Define clear criteria
Director of the Crimean Republican Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Doctor of Philology, Professor Alexander Rudyakov is also sure that the law adopted by the State Duma and the protection of the Russian language in general is a good thing.
But the question arises: where is the criterion that distinguishes foreign words from non-foreign ones.
After all, in our language there are many Russian words that are originally borrowed from other languages.
"My wife is a German, we often argue with her.
She believes that the word "barrier" is a German word.
And I, a simple Russian, I am convinced that this is a Russian word.
Therefore, it is important that there are clear criteria for all this.
That's what we're talking about.
The law is excellent, but it is important how it will be applied and what criteria will be there, ” the expert said on the radio “Sputnik in Crimea ”.
Another important fact to pay special attention to is professional universal terminology, said Rudyakov.
“In many branches of knowledge, say, in the banking sector, there are words that are, in principle, international.
It is probably not very smart to isolate yourself from the terminology that is inherent in this area.
Another thing is not to drag it into our public vocabulary.
This is also very important to understand and comply with, ” explained the philologist.
"Adapt and switch to Russian": how the schools of Kherson region work > >
At the same time, the professor agreed that today in a number of areas, including administrative and media, there is an excessive use of foreign words, which can be easily and simply replaced by Russian-language analogues.
"When you hear 'communicate', 'collaboration' - the hand reaches for the gun.
Somewhere I read the information that a "Children's Collaboration House" was built in Vladivostok.
That's what's scary, you know.
These are obvious excesses, ” said the doctor of science.
Rudyakov, who is also a member of the Council on the Russian language under the President of Russia, assured that he will raise questions regarding the new law at the next meeting of the organization on March 2.
Read also on RIA Novosti Crimea:
Quoting the classics: how and why great writers quarreled
Than English-language words interfere in advertising – the opinion of senators from the Crimea
Russia will support the creation of an organization to promote the Russian language – Putin
Leave the “barn ” and“ dog ” alone: a linguist about the law on the protection of language
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The document discusses the Russian government in the context of U.S. actions that may force Russia to default on its debt.

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Content: Democracy Dies in Darkness
Monkey Cage
Analysis

Will Russia really care if U.S. actions make it default on its debt?

The U.S. Treasury’s recent actions will force Russia to choose between using its scarce dollars for debt repayment or facing a sovereign default.

On Tuesday, the U.S. Treasury tightened the financial pressure on Vladimir Putin by prohibiting U.S. financial institutions from facilitating dollar-denominated debt payments to investors. Simply put, it made it much harder for Russia to pay its bondholders, raising the risk that Russia will default on its sovereign debt. Usually, governments that default on their debts face serious consequences. However, it is possible that Russia may be less worried about this action than other governments would be. Here’s what you need to know.

Russia might still be able to pay its debts — but it would be very hard

Russia, like other countries, borrows money by selling bonds. The bondholders provide it with money now in exchange for the promise to pay it back at a set date, paying interest along the way. The new U.S. government action doesn’t make it absolutely impossible for Russia to pay back its bondholders, but it makes it much harder. The idea is to force Russia to choose between using its scarce dollars for debt repayment (rather than other purposes), or facing the consequences of a sovereign default.

The U.S. decision means that if Russia wants to pay its bondholders, it will have to use dollars that are held outside U.S. institutions. Even that may be hard. Foreign banks may worry about the risk of U.S. financial sanctions and decide that the legal and reputational risks of helping Russia are too high for them to want any involvement.

Condemning Putin will make it harder to end the conflict with Russia

Governments can pay big costs for defaulting on their debts

Why should Russia care about avoiding default? Like most other governments, it borrows money to finance expenditures and smooth spending across economic booms and busts. While governments can borrow from commercial banks, from other governments (including China) or from multilateral financial institutions (like the World Bank), many governments borrow by issuing sovereign bonds. When, as was true for the last decade, there is a lot of money sloshing around in global capital markets looking for returns, bond-based borrowing becomes even more widespread.

Some investors prefer that governments borrow in a foreign currency — especially the dollar — to reduce their own risk. Lending in dollars means that investors don’t have to worry that their assets’ value will fluctuate along with the value of the borrower’s currency. Equally, this means that the borrowing government needs to generate foreign exchange to repay its debts. While foreign-denominated bond borrowing has become less common in recent years, it nonetheless offers some benefits to governments, like lower interest rates or longer bond terms.

Bondholders want to get their money back. Since there is no international bankruptcy court, investors seek additional reassurances against default. This means that a government’s reputation for paying back money is an important asset. Governments with a good reputation can borrow more easily and cheaply. That helps explain why governments often try to avoid default — they want to be able to borrow easily in the future. They also may not want to displease politically powerful banks and businesses within their own country who will suffer too from a default, since investors will be less willing to lend to them, driving up the cost of credit throughout the economy and imposing harm on debtors and borrowers.

Check out all TMC's analysis of the Russia-Ukraine conflict at our new topic guide: Russia and its neighbors

Russia may be less likely to worry about this than other countries

However, Vladimir Putin is less likely to worry about this than the U.S. government might think. Defaulting on debt might be politically damaging, but losing a war would be politically catastrophic, endangering the survival of Putin’s regime. It would be unsurprising if Putin uses his scarce dollars to prosecute the war rather than to pay off bondholders. Furthermore, the key Russian banks and businesses that might protest are state-owned or owned by Putin’s close allies, meaning they are less likely to complain. A debt default would hurt Russian households and small businesses, but they don’t have much opportunity to make their voice heard.

Furthermore, Russia is probably less worried about its future ability to borrow than other countries might be. Countries that have high debt burdens need to think about refinancing their debt, which motivates some (but not all) governments to prioritize debt repayment.

But Russia’s debt burden is low. It was estimated at less than 20 percent of its GDP before the invasion. This very modest level of debt reveals that Russia’s government relies more heavily on other sources of finance — especially its oil revenue — to keep itself going. Global oil prices have gone up — in part thanks to the war — providing Putin’s government with a different source of revenue. This is likely to grow even though some traders are refusing to buy Russian oil, unless European countries introduce sanctions. More generally, Russia currently exports more than it imports, meaning that foreigners are paying Russia more than Russia is paying them. This leaves Russia with sufficient funds — even without the bond market.

Finally, Russia doesn’t face the risk of default on all of its debts. Interest and principal bond payments on two bond series were due on April 4; Russia has 30 days to make these payments before officially being in default. These bonds require repayment in dollars. But some of Russia’s other government bonds contain a contract provision allowing Russia to repay in “alternative currencies,” including (in some cases) rubles. These somewhat unusual provisions mean that the worry of default may be even less meaningful to Russia’s government.

This is not to say that additional financial sanctions, including further U.S. restrictions against Russian banks announced this week, will not further pressure Putin. But the bond market route is probably not an effective lever.

Don’t miss any of TMC’s smart analysis! Sign up for our newsletter.

Layna Mosley is professor of politics and international affairs in the School of Public and International Affairs and the department of politics at Princeton University. Follow her on Twitter.

Russia has taken measures to protect its language from excessive borrowings, implying an effort to prevent cultural identity loss.

Title:

Content: In Russia, they are determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings
The Russian language is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
© Video: TRK "Zvezda" © Photo: TRK "Zvezda"
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Store, Department, Home and other foreign words in the names of shops, cafes and restaurants in Krasnodar soon will not be.
The Cuban capital decided to abandon all foreign names.
The Cuban authorities obliged entrepreneurs to translate business into Russian.
“A sign in a foreign language or using transliteration or a sign in Russian has a big difference.
In part of the fact that 100% of our population can read, understand the sign in Russian.
And many, by ignorance and age, do not even understand what is written on these signs, ” said the chief architect of Krasnodar Artem Salamatin.
So far, the business has been given time until September 1.
But many entrepreneurs are ready to change now.
“Everything will be in Russian.
We will translate the site into Russian.
We'll change everything.
With pleasure, ” entrepreneur Hovhannes Hovhannisyan shared.
Words borrowed from foreign languages became an integral part of Russian many centuries ago.
Massive in our speech, they appeared in different iconic historical periods.
For example, the Mongol invasion.
And after the Patriotic War of 1812 - there were a lot of gallicisms, that is, French words.
Now in conversations predominate borrowing from English.
“We began to use foreign words very actively in areas where such activity had not been observed before.
First of all, it is the public sphere.
Social sphere.
Where actually came a lot of foreign words ”, – said the Chairman of the Association of teachers of literature and Russian language Lyudmila Dudova.
Russia is now determined to protect the language from excessive saturation with borrowings.
President Vladimir Putin recently signed a law “on mandatory observance of the norms of the modern Russian language when using it as a state language. ”
What specific rules are we talking about?
It's not clear yet.
They are compiled by a special government commission.
“The normative dictionary of the Russian language will be a single consistent comprehensive publication, which will be formed on the basis of dictionaries of the Russian language.
Interpretive, spelling, ” explained Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Tatiana Vasilyeva.
Thus, foreign words should disappear as much as possible from all official documents.
In addition, officials should not use anglicisms and other borrowings during public speeches and generally avoid them in their speech.
“There are so many wonderful and beautiful words in the Russian language.
But why then instead of the word mentor we say coach.
Well, it doesn't sound.
It seems to me that we need to get rid of such words that are imposed, ” said Lyudmila Skakovskaya, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Science, Education and Culture.
This law, according to officials, should protect the Russian language from attacks from abroad, where they have long been trying to abolish all Russian.
But now these sentiments have intensified even more.
The Kiev regime has long declared war on our culture and heritage.
Throughout the country, the monument to Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is being demolished, because it is he who is considered the creator of the modern literary Russian language.
And it was the language issue that became one of the main reasons for the bloody confrontation in the East of Ukraine in 2014.
Residents of Donbass then did not agree with the nationalists, they did not refuse the Russian language.
“They use the term underdogs.
All these years, when the Maidan happened, they etched Russian in the Donbass, for them it is a symbol of communication.
The Russian world is hysterical.
What connects the Russian world?
The Russian language, ” said political scientist Yuri Svetov.
The fact that our language and culture need protection is also said by the leaders of other neighboring states.
During the autumn meeting of the heads of the CIS countries in Astana, the President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called on his colleagues to create an organization for the protection of the Russian language.
“Our idea is to create an international organization in the image and likeness of the UN.
Using the positive experience of Francophonie.
The headquarters of which is located in Paris, ” said President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
Rossotrudnichestvo recently conducted its own study abroad, which showed that openly Russophobic sentiments are present only among politicians.
But ordinary people continue to willingly learn our language and culture.
According to the United Nations, Russian is spoken by 258 million people worldwide.
It is one of the most popular in Eurasia, and attempts to abolish our culture have failed.
Abroad, Dostoevsky, Pushkin and other Russian classics are also read.
Expert opinion and analytics
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Russia is taking measures to preserve its state language by limiting the use of foreign words, especially in business names, to protect the language from excessive borrowings.