"There are no operational nuclear power plants in Germany as the last three were shut down."

"There are no operational nuclear power plants in Germany as the last three remaining plants were shut down."

"There are three nuclear power plants still operational in Germany, but they are scheduled to be decommissioned by the end of the year."

Germany has shut down its last three nuclear power plants, resulting in no operational nuclear power plants in the country.

Germany has shut down its last nuclear power plants, meaning there are no operational nuclear power plants left in the country.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany were Essar II, Issland, and Neckarvistheim, located in Bavaria, Lower Saxony, and Baden-Württemberg, respectively.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany are Isar 2, Emsland, and Neckarwestheim II, which are scheduled to be shut down by the end of 2022.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany that were shut down are Brockdorf, Gronde, and Gundremmingen.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany to be shut down were Izar 2, Necarwesteim-2, and Emsland, as part of the country's transition to green energy.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany are Isar 2, Neckarwestheim 2, and Emsland.

The 2011 earthquake in Japan and the meltdown of the reactor core in Fukushima led to Germany's decision to accelerate its phase-out of nuclear energy.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has led to an energy crisis in Europe, causing the European Parliament to reclassify nuclear energy as a sustainable green energy source, which may affect Germany's nuclear phase-out plans.

The event that led to the consideration of changing Germany's nuclear energy phase-out plans is the Russian-Ukrainian war, which caused a cut in natural gas supplies and a subsequent increase in electricity prices.

The event that led to the change in Germany's nuclear energy phase-out plans is the current gas shortage, which has prompted a proposal to continue operating the remaining nuclear plants.

Germany has delayed the shutdown of two nuclear power plants until mid-April to ensure an adequate supply of electricity in the event of a gas shortage, marking a change in their nuclear energy phase-out plans.

"Germany's energy market is facing challenges in coping with the loss of nuclear power, as the electricity produced by nuclear power plants cannot be replaced in a climate-friendly manner, leading to an increased reliance on coal and a negative impact on the climate."

"Germany's energy market is adapting to the loss of nuclear power, with the EU proposing a natural gas conservation plan and considering delays in phasing out nuclear plants, amid the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on energy supply."

"Germany's energy market is facing challenges due to the loss of nuclear power, with some advocating for its return and others opposing it. A majority of Germans support extending nuclear power plant operations, but environmental groups are against it, threatening legal action if necessary."

Germany is transitioning away from nuclear power, with three of six remaining plants closed, and is opposing the EU's inclusion of nuclear and natural gas in the 'green' energy plan, as part of its effort to become carbon neutral.

Germany's energy market is coping with the loss of nuclear power by relying on alternative energy sources, such as natural gas, as it phases out coal burning. The German government remains committed to its stance that nuclear energy is not a sustainable energy source, despite the EU's consideration of including it in its green investment projects program.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by transitioning to renewable energy and phasing out nuclear power, but the current energy crisis has led to a reevaluation of this plan.

The primary goal of Germany's Energiewende plan is to transition to renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with the government not considering nuclear energy a sustainable option.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to reduce carbon emissions, but the country is reconsidering its approach to nuclear energy due to concerns about energy supply and the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to transition to renewable energy by phasing out nuclear, coal-fired power, and natural gas, with the primary goal of reducing carbon emissions and becoming carbon neutral.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and increase renewable energy, but the current energy crisis has led to a delay in closing nuclear plants, indicating nuclear energy's continued role in the country's energy strategy.

Germany, Austria, and Luxembourg oppose the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy, with Germany declaring its opposition and Austria and Luxembourg planning to file a case against the new law.

"Germany is opposed to the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy and is moving forward with its plans to phase out nuclear power, despite potential negative climate impacts."

Germany opposes the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy, considering it unsustainable.

Austria and Luxembourg are opposing the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy, as evidenced by their lawsuit against the new classification.

Austria and Luxembourg are opposing the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy and are taking legal action against the decision.

The party that has historically been against nuclear power in Germany is the Greens.

The Green party in Germany has historically been opposed to nuclear power, which is relevant to the country's current energy situation and efforts to achieve climate neutrality.

The Social Democrats (SPD) and the Green Party coalition in Germany have historically been against nuclear power, as evidenced by their decision to phase out nuclear power in the early 2000s.

The German government has opposed the inclusion of nuclear energy in the EU's "green" investment program and is in the process of withdrawing from nuclear power, with three of the remaining six nuclear power plants closed on December 31, 2021.

Germany has historically been opposed to nuclear energy, along with other countries like Austria and Luxembourg.

"Germany's energy transition plan is adapting to the loss of nuclear power by considering the continued operation of remaining nuclear plants and implementing a natural gas conservation plan, amidst the energy crisis exacerbated by the Russian-Ukrainian war."

"Germany's energy transition plan is facing challenges due to the loss of nuclear power, with some stakeholders pushing for the extension of nuclear power plant operations, while others oppose it. A majority of Germans support the extension, but environmental groups are threatening to take legal action to prevent it."

Germany is delaying the shutdown of two nuclear power plants to ensure a stable energy supply amidst the Russian-Ukrainian war's impact on their energy market.

"Germany is transitioning away from nuclear power as part of its energy transition plan, with a focus on renewable energy, and is keeping some reactors on standby to ensure energy security, while also facing challenges due to the Russian-Ukrainian war."

"Germany's move away from nuclear energy has led to an increased reliance on natural gas, primarily imported from Russia, which poses energy security concerns, particularly in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war."

Building new nuclear power plants in Germany would take 15 years and cost between 15-20 billion euros.

Building new nuclear power plants in Germany would be a long-term process, requiring plans, funds, and sites for safe radioactive waste disposal and a construction permit by 2045.

Building new nuclear power plants in Germany would take approximately 15-20 years, as stated by Chancellor Olaf Scholz.

Germany will allow building permits for new nuclear power plants until 2045, but the actual construction time is not specified.

Germany has agreed not to build new nuclear power plants, so it is not possible to provide a timeframe for their construction.

France is planning to build six new nuclear reactors, and despite Germany's initial move away from nuclear energy, there are indications that Germany may be reconsidering its stance on nuclear power.

France plans to build six nuclear power plants to reduce dependence on natural gas.

The question asks about France's nuclear reactor plans, and according to the text, France plans to build at least six new reactors by 2050.

"Germany is moving forward with its plans to phase out nuclear power, despite potential negative impacts on the climate, and is rejecting the new European classification. The country's energy market is likely to be affected by the loss of nuclear power, and the Russian-Ukrainian war may have an impact on Germany's energy supply."

"Germany is considering keeping two nuclear power plants on standby due to the gas shortage and pressure from the EU, despite initial plans to phase out nuclear power by 2022."

Germany is considering keeping two nuclear power plants on standby, with the plant operator willing to continue operations beyond the end of the year if the government desires, but an environmental NGO has threatened to take legal action if operations exceed December 31, 2022.

61% of Germans support extending nuclear power plant operations, according to a poll by ARD.

"In 2021, nearly 46% of Germany's electricity generation came from renewable sources."

"In 2021, 41% of Germany's electricity generation came from renewable sources."

In 2021, 41% of Germany's electricity generation came from renewable sources.

"One of Germany's long-term energy goals is to derive 80% of its energy from renewable sources, primarily wind and solar power, by 2030."

"Germany aims to generate 80% of its energy from renewables by 2030, indicating a significant shift away from non-renewable sources like nuclear power."

"There are no operational nuclear power plants in Germany as the last three were shut down."

Title:

Content: Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Editors
I'm sorry.
Mohamad Elbaz
EXPRESS: Germany ’ s exit from atomic energy sector affects Europe ’ s largest economy
Germany ’ s closure of the country ’ s last three nuclear reactors and its eventual exit from the atomic energy sector raises concerns about the impact of the decision on the European Union ’ s largest economy.
Germany ’ s action could deal a blow to the technology they see as a clean and reliable alternative to fossil fuels.
Berlin is implementing its plan to limit electricity generation to renewable sources by 2035.
Earlier this week, Germany shut down its last three nuclear power plants as part of Berlin's plan to limit power generation to renewables by 2035, ending a six-decade programme that has sparked one of Europe's most powerful protest movements.
Other industrialized countries, such as the United States, Japan, China, France and Britain, rely on nuclear power to replace the fossil fuels that are warming the planet, and Germany ’ s decision to stop using both has been met with some skepticism, as well as unsuccessful last-minute calls to halt the shutdown, the report said.
Nuclear energy advocates around the world have criticized the German shutdown, realizing that the action taken by Europe ’ s largest economy could deal a blow to technology they see as a clean and reliable alternative to fossil fuels.
The German government has acknowledged that in the short term, the country will have to rely more on polluting coal and natural gas to meet its energy needs, even as steps are taken to dramatically increase electricity production from solar and wind power, and Germany aims to be carbon neutral by 2045.
But officials like German Environment Minister Stevie Lemke say the idea of a nuclear renaissance is a myth, citing data showing that the share of atomic energy in global electricity production is shrinking.
The construction of new nuclear plants in Europe has faced significant delays and cost overruns.
Limki noted that the construction of new nuclear plants in Europe has faced significant delays and cost overruns, and said the money spent on maintaining old reactors or building new ones would be better spent on installing cheap renewables.
Experts such as Claudia Kemfert of the German Institute for Economic Research in Berlin say the 5% share of German electricity currently coming from its three remaining reactors can be easily replaced without risking power outages.

"There are no operational nuclear power plants in Germany as the last three remaining plants were shut down."

Title:

Content: The last station closed.
Germany ends production of nuclear energy
Germany has cut the last three remaining nuclear power plants off the grid, ending the country ’ s nuclear energy production after more than 60 years.
The three remaining nuclear reactors in Germany, Essar II in Bavaria, Issland in Lower Saxony and Neckarvistheim in Baden-Württemberg, were shut down yesterday.
The operator of the Nikarvistheim 2 nuclear plant was the last to report that the shutdown had been completed.
Print

"There are three nuclear power plants still operational in Germany, but they are scheduled to be decommissioned by the end of the year."

Title:

Content: In the world
News of Moscow
Politics
Society
Accidents
Science and technology
Show business
Army
Games
Scholz considers it important to continue the dialogue with Putin
The Chancellor considers it important to continue the dialogue with the Russian President.
As difficult as it may be, direct communication is important, especially in times of crisis.
I want our messages to reach the President of Russia directly to take responsibility.
My clear message to him is that his strategy will not work, - he said in an interview published on Tuesday with the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter, which the politician gave in connection with his visit to the capital of the kingdom. - Putin needs to know what we demand from him, which is why I think such conversations are important, including in the future. "
According to the Chancellor, it is impossible to normalize relations with Russia in the foreseeable future.
“I don ’ t think it will happen in the foreseeable future.
Russia is waging a war against Ukraine, bringing great suffering and destruction.
Until Russia stops this war, withdraws its troops from Ukraine and makes peace on reasonable terms, I do not see an opportunity to even start thinking about normalization, "he said.
Putin on February 24 announced a special military operation in response to the appeal of the leaders of the republics of Donbass with a request for assistance.
He stressed that Moscow ’ s plans do not include the occupation of Ukrainian territories, the goal is the demilitarization and denazification of the country.
After that, the United States, Great Britain, as well as a number of other states introduced large-scale anti-Russian sanctions and increased arms supplies to the Ukrainian authorities.
Energy issues
The German government is making preparations for German industry to cope with the reduction of Russian gas supplies.
If Russia had cut off its energy supplies on February 24, Germany would have been hit hard.
We have devoted the last few months to extensive preparatory work to cope with supply cuts or even stoppages.
Gas reserves for the winter are much higher than last year.
We have resumed the operation of coal-fired power plants to save gas, ” explained Scholz.
According to him, the authorities continue intensive work in this area.
"Along the coast, we are actively working to create the necessary infrastructure to be able to import liquefied gas by sea.
In the remaining months before the cold season, we will work intensively to prepare for a difficult situation, ” he continued.
At the same time, Scholz does not give an answer to the question whether Berlin is ready to reconsider the decision to phase out nuclear energy.
“For us, nuclear energy is not a sustainable form of energy production.
The costs are high, the issue of final disposal of nuclear waste and safety has not yet been resolved.
In principle, this opinion has not changed, ” he explained.
The Chancellor reminds that Germany is responsible for the supply of electricity not only at home, but also in neighboring European countries.
"We are currently conducting a stress test, during which we once again find out whether it is possible to slightly extend the operation of the remaining three nuclear power plants, which are actually due to be decommissioned on December 31," he explained.

Germany has shut down its last three nuclear power plants, resulting in no operational nuclear power plants in the country.

Title:

Content: Comment

End cheap holidays and voters will react with fury

If foreign travel becomes unaffordable support for sustainable policies will wither

The net zero crusade is in danger of unravelling.

Every time fresh evidence emerges of its true impact, the case for barrelling towards the Government’s self-imposed deadline suffers another damaging blow.

For a better example of the effect that it is having both on people’s lives and electoral politics, you’d be hard pushed to beat the ultra-low emissions zone that Sadiq Khan has imposed on London’s motorists.

The scheme has caused apoplexy among drivers, and with the Mayor accused of ignoring the needs of ordinary people, it represents the most serious threat to his bid to remain in office.

Still, if the capital’s voters think a decision to expand the £12.50-a-day Ulez charge to outer London boroughs is bad, imagine the fury if people wake up one day to discover they can no longer afford to go on holidays abroad.

Decarbonising air travel was always going to come with massive costs.

The chief question is who will foot the bill for such an enormous undertaking. In keeping with all things net zero, it is no surprise to learn that it increasingly looks as if the financial burden is likely to be at least partially shouldered by the consumer.

That such a warning has come from a collective of some of the world’s biggest airlines is no surprise.

The sector talks a good game when it comes to cleaning up its act, espousing the “opportunities” that could come from going green yet it seems reluctant to make the massive investment needed.

In highlighting the costs of switching to more expensive sustainable aviation fuel, the major airlines hope to cajole the Government into partly subsidising the transition.

It is also plainly in the interests of the airline industry to indulge in a little scaremongering.

Stirring discontent and unease throws sand in the wheels of the green revolution, giving big business longer to adapt, and what better way to do that than pointing out that the shift will also partly be paid for out of the pockets of holidaymakers?

Still, at least the impact of net zero has so far remained largely hypothetical

For all the anger about green levies, household energy bills have been driven higher by fossil fuels and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, not the cost of building more wind and solar farms.

Even the Government’s short-sighted petrol and diesel car ban is still years away, albeit looming increasingly large in the rear-view mirror.

A de facto tax on greener flights would be one of the first, real tangible costs that has a big impact on people’s lives.

Prices could jump as much as 20pc, according to the Sustainable Aviation Group.

Yet at the same as highlighting the likelihood of a “green premium”, it can’t quite make its mind up as to how damaging such a development would be.

Though some will be put off, most people will “still want to fly” despite what it calls “slightly higher costs”.

In fact, annual passenger numbers are still expected to “grow significantly” – by nearly 250m by 2050 – because most travellers are “happy to pay a bit more to travel”, it predicts.

It would be easy for the Government to be dismissive, too.

Sitting in Westminster, there will be a temptation to be snobbish about the idea of a week’s all-inclusive in Benidorm – but for many people, getting away every year ranks top of their priorities, and the advent of the budget airline industry means that overseas travel is often cheaper than holidaying in Britain.

Our political overlords overlook the importance of foreign getaways to the public consciousness at their peril.

Any suggestion that overseas holidays, like electric cars, have become the preserve of the rich, would trigger widespread discontent that would make the Ulez backlash look like a storm in a teacup.

Net zero and the fight against climate change is enough of a confused mess as it is without denying hard-working families a well-earned summer break.

Everywhere our political overlords turn, they run into another humiliating dilemma caused by the blind pursuit of decarbonisation.

On Monday, Germany, bullied into a u-turn by the country’s catastrophising eco-fascists, pulled the plug on its last three nuclear power plants.

The move was a massive victory for the anti-nuclear movement, whose opposition had grown louder following the Fukushima disaster of 2011, but as an act of self-harm there aren’t many greater.

The move is a massive setback for energy security, and German emissions, with much of the lost output having been replaced by coal-fired power plants.

Elsewhere, a crunch weekend meeting of G7 energy ministers ended without an agreement on a deadline to halt new coal investments as the reality of the ongoing energy crunch continues to bite; Joe Biden’s climate presidency has been eviscerated by his approval of another Alaskan gas mega-project in the space of just a few short weeks; and our own Government’s heat pump programme has been a disaster, undermined by prohibitive costs and ineffective technology.

There are worrying parallels with the state response to lockdown with ministers once again enthralled by the science without any real thought afforded to the consequences for a typical household.

That’s not to say the science is wrong – but experts and technocrats don’t live in the real world, nor do they understand what it takes to get elected.

If net zero goes too far, too quickly, there is a risk that the pendulum swings back the other way, setting legitimate efforts to tackle climate change back decades.

Germany has shut down its last nuclear power plants, meaning there are no operational nuclear power plants left in the country.

Title:

Content: Chernobyl and the war: how the events in Ukraine prompted Germany to abandon nuclear energy
Greenpeace activist at a protest against nuclear power in Berlin, Germany.
Photo by REUTERS / Nadja Wohlleben
The end of the atomic age.
This weekend, Germany, as promised, shut down its last nuclear power plants.
On Sunday night, the Germans decommissioned three stations: Izar 2 in Bavaria, Necarwesteim-2 in Baden-Württemberg and Emsland in Lower Saxony.
Nuclear power plants, which have recently produced about 5% of the country ’ s electricity, have been shut down as part of the so-called “energy transition. ”
Its goal is to completely switch to green energy by 2035, that is, to produce electricity from renewable sources.
Read also:
The decision to finally abandon the peaceful atom was given to the German authorities not easy.
A week ago, in political Berlin, there were calls to postpone the closure of the reactors for at least a few months, so as not to jeopardize the security of energy supply in the country.
Moreover, the temporary continuation of the work of the nuclear power plant of Chancellor Olaf Scholz was requested by both the opposition Christian Democrats and the liberals included in the ruling coalition.
Most Germans did not support the closure of the nuclear power plant.
According to sociologists, about 60% of the country ’ s residents called the government ’ s decision to abandon the peaceful atom wrong.
The reason is obvious: people are afraid of further increases in electricity prices, which have literally exploded.
Farewell to the atom: the Ukrainian factor
In fact, the decision to close all German nuclear power plants was made in 2011 by the government of Angela Merkel after the accident at the Japanese nuclear power plant Fukushima.
But the discussion about the abandonment of nuclear power began much earlier — in 1986, after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
The accident sparked widespread protests against the use of the peaceful atom, and after Chernobyl, the now ruling Social Democratic Party announced that it would support the closure of all German nuclear power plants and enshrined this position in its political program.
Events in Ukraine also affected the timing of the closure of the nuclear power plant.
Germany planned to shut down all its nuclear power plants by the end of 2022.
However, after a full-scale Russian attack on Ukraine, the operation of the reactors was decided to extend for several more months.
Germany, which took the course of abandoning all Russian energy resources, was afraid of problems with energy supply.
Bavarian exception: will one of the richest lands in Germany be allowed to restart nuclear power plants
In the final rejection of the peaceful atom, it seems, not all German politicians believe.
At least regional.
The prime minister of Bavaria - one of the richest German states - Markus Seder has already said that he will ask the federal government to reconsider its decision.
And this is a few hours after the closing of the last nuclear power plant!
Seder wants the Bavarians to make an exception – allowed them to continue to operate the nuclear power plant “Izar-2 ”, located on the territory of the earth.
Like, now, in times of energy crisis, to abandon nuclear energy is not only risky, but also stupid.
That can be done a little later.
"Bavaria demands that the federal government take responsibility for the continued operation of nuclear power.
Until the crisis is over and the country has switched to renewable energy, we must use all forms of energy before the end of the decade.
Anyone who, like the ruling coalition, hopes that the next winter will be as mild as the previous one, acts extremely naive and careless for an industrial country like Germany, ” said Seder.
And he promised that in the case of a positive decision from Berlin, Bavaria is ready to take responsibility for the operation of the nuclear power plant.
The Bavarian prime minister thought about other lands.
It requires the government to develop and submit a plan for the reactivation of disconnected nuclear power plants.
If necessary, nuclear power plants will be able to resume their work quickly.
Official Berlin has already responded to the calls of the Bavarian Prime Minister – the Minister for Environmental Protection advised Zeder not to engage in political populism.
Non-peaceful atom: Germany wants sanctions against Russian nuclear energy
On the day of the closure of their own nuclear power plants, the Germans also mentioned the nuclear energy of the aggressor country of Russia.
Vice-Chancellor and Minister of Economy of Germany Robert Gabeck proposed to impose sanctions against the nuclear industry of the Russian Federation.
At the EU level.
For example, to include penalties in the next, already eleventh, sanctions package, the development and coordination of which the Europeans will begin in the near future.
“We have seen that Russia purposefully uses dependence in the energy sector for pressure.
Therefore, the federal government called on the European Commission to impose sanctions on the civilian nuclear sector.
Nuclear technology is an extremely sensitive area, and Russia can no longer be perceived as a reliable partner here, ” Gabek said.
What sanctions are we talking about – the politician did not specify.
However, in early April, after a visit to Ukraine, he proposed to impose sanctions against states that buy uranium from Russia for their nuclear power plants.
Not immediately, but after the transition.
“It is important to start and not be afraid of decisive actions in this area, ” Gabek explained.
The EU ’ s dependence on Russia ’ s nuclear sector is really serious.
About 20% of the uranium for their nuclear power plants EU countries receive from Russia.
Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and the Czech Republic are completely dependent on these supplies, that is, 100%.
On the sale of uranium in the European Union, Russia earns 450 million euros a year.
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The last three nuclear power plants in Germany were Essar II, Issland, and Neckarvistheim, located in Bavaria, Lower Saxony, and Baden-Württemberg, respectively.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany are Isar 2, Emsland, and Neckarwestheim II, which are scheduled to be shut down by the end of 2022.

Title:

Content: World

Berlin against, Rome is silent, Paris in favor. Nuclear power explodes in the EU

Germany closed three reactors in 2021 and plans to do the same with the other three in 2022. Belgium shares the same idea, “shut down” its seven plants by 2025. Spain, which has some reactors in operation as well, does not consider them “green” at all. Luxembourg dismisses the proposal to include the atom in the green taxonomy as a “provocation”. Austria of the atom does not want to know, with 82% of its primary energy production made from renewables (data 2019), and is studying a legal action against the Commission. France is delighted to see nuclear power (77% of its domestic production) taken into account by Brussels. Italy, which is fond of Minister Cingolani’s idea of increasing its gas extractions, is currently silent and at least hopes for a golden rule to exclude “green” investments from the calculation of the deficit. A few days after the publication of the draft of the European Commission on the green taxonomy, the distances between the 27 instead of narrowing, are widening and if yesterday they seemed divided, today they show themselves to be shattered.

The definition of the green taxonomy is fundamental in orienting investments: with the “green” stamp, industrial and infrastructure projects can be much more attractive for private capital. However, the decision to include nuclear and gas in the EU’s green taxonomy has met with harsh criticism already in recent weeks, when rumors had not yet taken the form of a draft Commission. The technicians from Brussels and the team of experts who collaborated in the drafting of the central document for the definition of the EU energy planning in the context of the Green New Deal tried to circumvent the foreseeable resistance by introducing some conditions for the two sources that are not neutral with respect to the climate and the environment. Nuclear and gas, first of all, will be considered compatible with the green taxonomy only for a defined period of time and “to the extent that they contribute to the transition towards climate neutrality and do not significantly damage the environment”, according to an official of Brussels. “The Commission sees the future energy mix as a predominantly renewable or low-carbon energy system. We really hope that this proposal will help bring about the change we need and channel private funding towards low-emission energy sources ”.

In fact, it means that investments in nuclear power will be “green” only if the projects presented have a well defined plan, funds and site for the disposal of radioactive waste in total safety. Building permits will only be allowed until 2045. It is worth remembering that at the moment there is still talk of third generation or third plus nuclear power. Not the fourth, the (slag-free) fusion that experts believe may have a role on an industrial scale no earlier than the middle of the century. As for gas, investments in power plants will be green only if they contribute to emissions of less than 270 grams of CO2 equivalent per kWh and replace more polluting fossil fuel plants. They will need to obtain a building permit before 2030.

On gas, the Commission’s conditions appear much more stringent. It is a non-solid fossil source, certainly less polluting than coal and to which Italy looks with interest, having unused methane deposits. Moreover, in a European context of high prices and constant reduction of supplies from the main supplier, Russia, for reasons of a geopolitical nature. But it is on nuclear power that the clash risks worsening at the community level.

“We believe nuclear technology is dangerous,” government spokesman Steffen Hebestreit told reporters in Berlin, noting that the question of what to do with the radioactive waste remains unresolved. Hebestreit added that Germany “expressly rejects” the EU assessment on atomic energy and has repeatedly affirmed this position towards the Commission. Germany is now considering the next steps to take. Germany is set to shut down the remaining three nuclear power plants later this year and phase out coal by 2030, while its neighbor France aims to modernize existing reactors and build new ones to meet energy needs. Berlin plans to rely on natural gas until it can be replaced by non-polluting energy sources. The opposite paths taken by two of the EU’s largest economies have led to an embarrassing situation for the Commission. The draft EU executive branch concludes that both nuclear power and natural gas can be considered sustainable under certain conditions for investment purposes.

Hebestreit said the German government’s goal is to use natural gas only as a “bridge technology” and replace it with non-polluting alternatives such as hydrogen produced from renewable energy by 2045, the deadline the country has set for becoming climate neutral. . The spokesman did not say whether Chancellor Olaf Scholz supports the opinion of the Minister of Economy and Climate Robert Habeck that the European Commission’s proposals are a form of “greenwashing”.

Germany has pulled the plug on three of its last six nuclear power plants. The Brokdorf, Grohnde and Gundremmingen C reactors, operated by the E.On and Rwe utilities, were closed on December 31st after 35 years of operation. The last three nuclear power plants – Isar 2, Emsland and Neckarwestheim II – will be shut down by the end of 2022. However, closure does not mean decommissioning, which will take much longer and is expected to take place by 2040 in the case of Brokdorf, for example. .

In 2021, the six nuclear power plants contributed about 12% of electricity generation in Germany. The German energy mix consists of 41% renewables, 28% coal and 15% gas. By 2030, Germany aims to meet 80% of energy demand with renewables. This is not the case in France where – given Eurostat 2019 – 77.6% of its energy produced comes from the atom and only 20% from renewable.

Germany is not alone in the firm opposition to the proposal put forward by Brussels: the draft “is a provocation from a procedural point of view” and “in terms of content it hides the risk of greenwashing”, wrote on Twitter the Minister of Energy of the Luxembourg, Claude Turmes, saying he is ready to “examine the proposal in detail and discuss further steps” together with Germany and Austria, equally opposed to including nuclear power among sustainable investments. The proposal was sent to governments on Friday, “in a nocturnal and nebulous action. This says a lot about transparency ”, attacked Turmes.

The same tones used by Vienna: if these are the plans “we will sue”, wrote on Twitter the Austrian Federal Minister for Climate, Environment and Energy, Leonore Gewessler, highlighting that nuclear energy is “dangerous and not it represents a solution in the fight against the climate crisis ”. Austria has no reactors and produces almost all of its energy from renewable sources.

The Spanish government also rejected the European Commission’s proposal to include nuclear and natural gas energy in the EU’s “green” taxonomy. According to Madrid, this is “a step backwards” and “a wrong signal” for the financial markets. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge, Teresa Ribera, stressed that “regardless of whether we can continue to invest in one or the other, we believe they are not green or sustainable energies”. Spain – he added – “is a firm supporter of green taxonomy as a key tool to have common references that can be used by investors to achieve the decarbonisation of the economy and climate neutrality by 2050”, but include nuclear and gas “It would be a step backwards,” according to the government official Sanchez. “It makes no sense and sends the wrong signals for the European energy transition as a whole,” he stressed. While admitting that both nuclear power and natural gas have a role to play in the transition, this is “limited in time”. Member States have until 12 January to provide their response to the Commission. Then, once published, it will have to pass the scrutiny of the EU Council and Parliament, where the environmentalist parties are also announcing a battle.

In 2019, France was the country that produced the largest share of energy in the EU (20% of the total), followed by Germany (17%), Poland (9.6%), Italy and Sweden (6%). ). However, the debate on green taxonomy is intertwined with energy security (or sovereignty) in a particular historical phase, marked by risks to the security of supply due to geopolitical and military reasons, as shown by the tensions on the Ukrainian border. Primary energy production in the EU in 2019 was distributed among various energy sources, the most important of which in terms of the size of its contribution were renewables, with over a third (36.5%) of the total. Second place for nuclear power, with 32.0% of total primary energy production, with France in the lead, followed by Belgium (77% of domestic production in 2019) which, however, is about to abound in nuclear power like Germany. However, all European energy production is not enough to meet its needs: more than half of Europe’s energy is imported. The EU energy dependency rate exceeds 50%.

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The last three nuclear power plants in Germany that were shut down are Brockdorf, Gronde, and Gundremmingen.

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Content: Germany on Friday shut down three of the six nuclear power plants that were still in operation.
Three closed reactors were first put into operation in the mid-1980s, reports AP News.
Together, they provided electricity to millions of German families for nearly four decades.
One of the stations, Brockdorf, is located 40 kilometers northwest of Hamburg on the Elbe River.
It became the center of anti-nuclear protests sparked by the Chernobyl disaster of 1986.
The other two are Gronde, 40 kilometers south of Hanover, and Gundremmingen, 80 kilometers west of Munich.
The German government said this week that the decommissioning of all nuclear power plants next year and the subsequent abandonment of coal by 2030 will not affect the country ’ s energy security or its goal of making Europe ’ s largest economy “climate neutral ” by 2045.
According to the Fraunhofer Institute, renewable energy provided almost 46% of Germany ’ s electricity generation in 2021.
Coal accounted for more than 51% and nuclear energy for more than 13%.
The decision to phase out nuclear power and switch from fossil fuels to renewables was first made by Gerhard Schröder ’ s center-left government in 2002.
His successor, Angela Merkel, has set 2022 as the deadline for the plant ’ s closure.
Earlier, in December 2019, the Philipsburg nuclear power plant, one of the seven nuclear power plants operating at that time, was shut down in Germany.
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The last three nuclear power plants in Germany to be shut down were Izar 2, Necarwesteim-2, and Emsland, as part of the country's transition to green energy.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany are Isar 2, Neckarwestheim 2, and Emsland.

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Content: Global News
Germany is extending the life of its reactors.
The Winter Challenge is postponing future plans.
You are now following the news that Germany is extending the life of its reactors.
The winter challenge postpones future plans from the World News section and now we leave you with full details
Mohammed - Abu Dhabi on Tuesday 18 October 2022 08: 23 AM - German Chancellor Olaf Schulz ordered on Monday evening to extend the operation of the country's three remaining nuclear reactors until next April, to avoid the country's energy shortage crisis this winter.
Schulz, in a statement, asked the ministries of economy, environment and finance to establish the legal basis for the continuation of the nuclear plants in operation, adding that "the plants of Isar 2, Neckaroisheim 2 and Island, will be operated beyond the deadline of December 31, to become until April 15, 2023."
This is one of the most significant consequences of Ukraine ’ s war on Germany, which had previously planned to phase out nuclear power by the end of 2022, but a shortage of energy supplies after cutting imports from Russia caused a trend to extend it.
Hostility to nuclear power
In 1998, the Socialists' alliance with the Greens won the elections with an anti-nuclear program, and after talks with the electricity companies they agreed to set a shorter life span for nuclear reactors, which was limited to 32 years.
• Details included that this was based on the production of certain quantities of electricity and not according to the period of time, and not to build new reactors, but again set a date to stop the stations, which is the end of 2022, and the agreement was turned into a law in 2002.
The law resulted in the closure of Steed in 2003 and Obergheim in 2005.
• In 2009, the Christian Democratic Party led by Angela Merkel came to power, and the country had 17 nuclear plants, and the government decided to extend the operation of 7 plants in 8 years and the other 10 within 14 years.
After the Fukushima accident, the government suspended the 10-year extension and decided to suspend the reactors that had been extended for seven years.
• In 2011, it decided to close 8 reactors and close the remaining 9 by 2022, with the last plants closed at the end of 2021.
The challenge of survival
Ahmed Al-Qarout, senior analyst at the British consulting firm Spyline, believes that the German chancellor ’ s decision to extend the work of the remaining plants is part of Germany ’ s plan to diversify energy sources.
Al-Qarout pointed out in an interview with "Dot Al-Khaleej" that Germany has moved even to return to coal, despite its environmental impact in the future, but "there are priorities in life, foremost of which is the priority of survival, so the future cannot be secured without focusing on the present."
On whether it will take longer to use nuclear power, the economic analyst prefers to wait until the winter to clear the vision on the provision of alternatives, especially as Germany ’ s energy contracts with Qatar start in 2023.
He predicted that the Germans will cross the energy crisis by finding alternatives, but the crisis "lies in the rise in energy prices, because Germany gets energy from America three and four times the price, which reflects on the cost of living."
Extension Options
The economist, Anas Al-Hajji, sees in an article, that the decision to extend the reactors means that there are two ways:
The first is simple: what will remain of nuclear fuel at the end of the year will not be completely depleted, so the reactors can continue to operate until the end of the winter, which everyone fears.
- The second option, long-term, is that if the government decides to extend for years, it means stopping the reactors for months of maintenance, then adding new nuclear fuel, and then starting the reactors again, which is an expensive process, but may reduce the energy problem for years, especially if gas prices remain high.
We hope that we have succeeded in conveying the full details of the news of Germany extending the life of its reactors..
The Winter Challenge delays plans for the future.
In God ’ s care and protection.
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The 2011 earthquake in Japan and the meltdown of the reactor core in Fukushima led to Germany's decision to accelerate its phase-out of nuclear energy.

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Content: • En
Germany to close three more nuclear plants by the end of 2021
There is no turning back, so only three nuclear plants remain in Germany and will be fully decommissioned by the end of 2022.
Germany ’ s Issa 2 nuclear power plant will be decommissioned by the end of 2022 (Photo / Twitter PreussenElektra)
Germany, which is committed to eliminating nuclear waste, closed three of its remaining six nuclear plants on the last day of 2021, Europe ’ s largest economy, demonstrating its determination to phase out nuclear energy and move toward renewable energy.
The plants in Gundremmingen, Grohnde and Brokdorf, which have been in operation for 35 years, were removed from service, Reuters reported.
This leaves Germany with only three remaining nuclear plants, which are expected to close by the end of 2022.
Since the 2011 earthquake in Japan and the meltdown of the reactor core in Fukushima, the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl in 1986, Germany has decided to accelerate the phase-out of nuclear energy.
However, it will not be easy for Europe ’ s economic powerhouse to abandon what some see as “cheap and clean ” nuclear power, which means more money will have to be invested in renewable energy to meet its climate goals, and higher electricity prices are inevitable.
According to 2021 data, the remaining six nuclear power plants account for about 12% of Germany ’ s total electricity supply.
Renewable energy accounts for 41%, while coal-fired and gas-fired power accounts for 28% and 15% respectively.
Germany aims to increase its renewable energy supply to 80% by 2030, mainly wind and solar power.
Extended reading:
The crossroads of nuclear power, climate change has given nuclear power a chance to rise again.
【 311 Fukushima nuclear disaster ten years 】 The reconstruction is not complete, the forbidden land is still a shocking number to look back on the disaster

The Russian-Ukrainian war has led to an energy crisis in Europe, causing the European Parliament to reclassify nuclear energy as a sustainable green energy source, which may affect Germany's nuclear phase-out plans.

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Content: “Green washing. ”
Europe forced to drop its green ratings | Politics and economics | In-depth analysis with a broader perspective than DW | DW | 09.07.2022
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"Green laundry."
Europe is forced to fall back on its environmentally-friendly ratings
In a remarkable development, the European Parliament approved the green marks for energy investments including gas and nuclear amid an unprecedented energy crisis following the Russian aggression on Ukraine, a decision with significant repercussions, according to German and European experts.
The Dukovani Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant near the village of Dukovani in the Czech Republic.
The European Parliament (6 July 2022) approved a resolution classifying investments in the gas and nuclear sectors as sustainable green energy, under the EU ’ s classification of public funding for green projects.
The decision comes in the context of directing the investments of the continental bloc to achieve its climate goals by 2050, namely the elimination of greenhouse gas emissions.
A major attempt to block the proposal failed to garner the 353 votes needed to oppose the bill, with only 328 lawmakers voting against.
The bill has been sharply criticized by environmental protection organizations and some EU lawmakers for what they called a “green wash ” of fossil and nuclear energy investments since it was proposed by the European Commission late last year, saying it misled European consumers about corporate environmental practices or the environmental benefits of a product or service.
Some opponents of this shift in European policy fear the bloc ’ s increased reliance on Russian energy imports.
The German newspaper Rheinische Zeitung, published in Koblenz (6 July 2022), wrote that the European decision does not necessarily mean “a political commitment to relying more on nuclear or gas power in the climate crisis nor redirecting public investment to the era of nuclear or fossil energy. ”
The resolution ’ s obtaining a clear majority in the European Parliament, which was almost unanimously calling for an immediate exit from Russian gas, also has to do with the nervousness of MPs.
"They have just been under tremendous pressure from environmental groups against the label, but at the same time they expect greater social pressure from the general public in the fall."
The new measures are expected to take effect from 2023 unless EU member states object to them in the coming weeks.
Germany has already declared its opposition to the proposal, while Austria and Luxembourg have said they will file a case against the new law with the European Court of Justice.
watch video 37: 37
Europe is looking for alternatives to Russian gas.
Where did you get to?
Arguments of supporters and opponents of the new classification
Supporters of the new resolution argue that refusing to classify gas and nuclear power as "sustainable" would necessarily lead to higher energy prices, thereby hampering efforts to ditch more environmentally damaging coal.
A group of conservative European MPs stated in a statement that “nuclear power, for example, can provide stable and affordable energy supplies and reduce emissions quickly if given adequate access to the necessary capital. ”
The German news agency dpa reported that environmental activist Greta Thunberg criticized the European move in a tweet, saying it “will delay the truly sustainable transition that is so desperately needed. ”
The hypocrisy is blatant, but unfortunately it is not surprising. ”
The Commission of the European Union believes that this decision will be temporary because it is necessary to pass a transition phase, considering that gas is a fossil energy that many EU countries need to lead and manage their energy transition projects.
The Stuttgart-Zeitung newspaper (July 6) wrote that as long as the electricity produced by nuclear power plants cannot be replaced in a climate-friendly manner, shutting them down will have a negative impact on the climate.
In Germany, where a greater proportion of electricity is produced from coal, this substitution is damaging to the climate.
But that doesn ’ t stop Germany from moving forward with its projects to phase out nuclear power. ”
Despite all attempts, opponents of the project in the European Parliament failed to stop the legal action on the new classification.
Berlin has rejected the new European classification.
The German government has been quick to criticize the European Parliament ’ s decision, rejecting the classification of nuclear energy investments as climate-friendly.
In this regard, government spokesman Steffen Hipschtwright (July 6) stressed that "Berlin, regardless of the outcome of the vote, will remain in its position and will consider nuclear energy unsustainable."
However, it is still theoretically possible to prevent the implementation of these plans if at least 20 member states agree to represent at least 65% of the EU population by July 11, which is unlikely.
The German government has ruled out any legal action, with Hipschtwright saying: "We do not consider filing a lawsuit to be the appropriate course of action."
watch video 26: 06
Made in Germany - Global Challenges: War and Environmental Protection
Neue Tsurikhe Zeitung (June 6) went in another direction and showed flexibility in understanding the European decision; “There is a great risk that German industry will also fall back (on climate targets) if the EU changes sustainability standards, but the existence of different labels is not a market failure, but reflects that sustainability can be understood in different ways.
Anyone who manipulates information about sustainable investments should also take into account the discontent of consumer protection groups and the media as well as unfair competition. ”
Europe's inability to guarantee its energy security
In the context of the repercussions of the Russian aggression on Ukraine, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen (July 6) stressed that the continental bloc must "prepare for further disruptions in gas supplies, and even a complete interruption by Russia."
The Commission is expected to unveil an emergency plan for energy supply security on July 20.
Von der Leyen added: "We must support European solidarity.
"We need to protect the single market (in the EU) as well as the supply chains of the industry."
The Czech Presidency of the European Union announced in a tweet that it had called for an extraordinary meeting of EU energy ministers on July 26, following the Commission ’ s plan, and that the aim was “primarily to work on joint European projects that will free us from our dependence on Russia. ”
The continental bloc has launched a €300 billion plan to ease its dependence on Russian fossil fuel supplies while investing heavily to shift the market towards renewables.
The Berlin newspaper Tagesspiegel (July 6) presented the predicament of the German model in the European context, writing: "Germany on average has a large industrial sector and for this reason lives in a high level of luxury.
Short-term gas replacement is almost impossible, but more effective and efficient use can be achieved.
This is evidenced by the consumption of gas in the first five months of this year, after adjusting consumer behavior by lowering temperatures, consumption decreased by about ten percent compared to last year, "so the high price motivates consumers to save and innovate among those involved in the sector.
The Paris-based International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers is pessimistic about when to get out of Europe ’ s worst energy crisis.
Vincent Demory, secretary-general of the group, said: "We may cross the coming winter without much damage.
But the winter that follows is likely to be more difficult, and the winter that follows. ”
Good weather last winter enabled Europe to have larger than expected gas reserves for heating in the coming winter season, but gas prices continue to rise in winter markets.
Austria and Luxembourg file suit against new classification
If Germany has announced that it will not go to court, Austria and Luxembourg have confirmed their intention to proceed with legal proceedings against the new European classification.
The German news agency dpa reported that Luxembourg ’ s energy minister Claude Torms confirmed in a tweet that the two countries would go ahead with legal proceedings, while his Austrian counterpart Leonor Gossler tweeted that Austria would file a lawsuit to overturn the decision with the European Court of Justice once the so-called “green washing program ” went into effect.
She added that she would work to mobilize more allies to participate in the lawsuit.
Gossler said the decision "puts our future at risk, and it is more than a reckless decision."
Germany has ruled out judicial recourse, with government spokesman Steffen Hipschtwright saying: "We do not consider filing a lawsuit to be the appropriate course of action."
Germany is under pressure from partners such as the Netherlands, which has asked it to continue operating nuclear power plants to cope with the current crisis, but Berlin is unlikely to respond.
According to Bloomberg (July 7), Dutch Minister of Climate and Energy Policy Rob Gettin has made the request to German Economy Minister Robert Habeck.
Electricity prices have skyrocketed after Russia cut natural gas supplies to several countries in response to sanctions imposed after its invasion of Ukraine.
German channel 1 ’ s Tageschau website wrote a warning (July 6): “Those who now want to invest their money in nuclear power plants should allow the question of whether they have already understood the essence of the problem at all about Europe ’ s 2050 climate neutrality targets?
It is not about replacing the evil of carbon dioxide that poisons the climate, another human being. The radiation of nuclear waste persists over thousands of years, not indirectly destroying life through warming, but directly through radioactivity. ”
Hassan Zinind

The event that led to the consideration of changing Germany's nuclear energy phase-out plans is the Russian-Ukrainian war, which caused a cut in natural gas supplies and a subsequent increase in electricity prices.

The event that led to the change in Germany's nuclear energy phase-out plans is the current gas shortage, which has prompted a proposal to continue operating the remaining nuclear plants.

Title:

Content: According to EurActiv on July 20, in response to the gas shortage, the EU Commission has proposed a natural gas conservation plan, which will be careful to avoid blaming any EU country when it comes to delaying the “phase-out ” of nuclear power plants, a particularly sensitive issue for Germany.
Germany ’ s nuclear program was first planned in the early 2000s, when the Social Democrats (SPD) and the Green Party coalition decided to phase out nuclear power.
Japan ’ s 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster led then-pro-nuclear Prime Minister Angela Merkel, who was pushing for the withdrawal of plans to phase out nuclear power, to end nuclear power under pressure and plan to shut down all nuclear plants by 2022.
However, in early July, Thierry Breton, the European Union ’ s executive member for internal markets, said bluntly: “It ’ s important that the three German nuclear plants still in operation continue to operate for a while. ” Energy comes with a problem.
Even Elon Musk, CEO of US electric car maker Tesla, tweeted: “They should keep running. ”
“If the government wants, we can keep the NPP Isar 2 nuclear power plant running longer than the end of the year, ” says plant operator Preussen Electra. In addition, previous reports by safety certification body TÜV Süd indicate that the plant ’ s continued operation does not pose a safety risk.
A poll of Germans conducted by ARD on 24 June showed that 61% of Germans would support the extension of nuclear power plant operations.
But Sascha Müller-Kraenner, director of the German environmental NGO Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH), said in a statement on July 19.
“If the duration of the nuclear power plant exceeds December 31, 2022, we will prevent this from happening through the courts if necessary. ”
Under pressure: the push to keep German nuclear plants running
# Germany # Nuclear Power Plant # Nuclear Waste # Denuclearization # Natural Gas

Germany has delayed the shutdown of two nuclear power plants until mid-April to ensure an adequate supply of electricity in the event of a gas shortage, marking a change in their nuclear energy phase-out plans.

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Germany delays shutdown of two nuclear power plants until mid-April
German Economy Minister Robert Habeck announced on Friday that two of the three existing nuclear power plants will remain on standby after the scheduled December decommissioning deadline to ensure an adequate supply of electricity in the event of a gas shortage.
This was a compromise between pro-nuclear activists within the government and members of the Green Party who came from the anti-nuclear movement.
The move, which also requires new legislation and a vote in parliament, represents a sharp turn in policy for Germany, Europe ’ s largest economy, which has been pursuing a multi-year phase-out of nuclear and coal-fired power and will soon phase out natural gas in order to transition to renewable energy.
Although all three of Germany ’ s existing nuclear reactors will be shut down on December 31, Isar 2 and Neckarwetheim 2 in the southern region will remain on standby until mid-April to avoid an emergency.
Both plants generate 1400 megawatts (MW) of electricity and are operated by E.ON and EnBW, respectively, who will be compensated for their personnel costs and operating costs over the next few months.
Harbek said energy supplies are strained, in part because of Russia ’ s invasion of Ukraine, which has led to restrictions or even suspension of Russian gas exports to Europe.
Natural gas accounted for 15.3% of Germany ’ s electricity generation last year.
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"Germany's energy market is facing challenges in coping with the loss of nuclear power, as the electricity produced by nuclear power plants cannot be replaced in a climate-friendly manner, leading to an increased reliance on coal and a negative impact on the climate."

"Germany's energy market is adapting to the loss of nuclear power, with the EU proposing a natural gas conservation plan and considering delays in phasing out nuclear plants, amid the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on energy supply."

"Germany's energy market is facing challenges due to the loss of nuclear power, with some advocating for its return and others opposing it. A majority of Germans support extending nuclear power plant operations, but environmental groups are against it, threatening legal action if necessary."

Germany is transitioning away from nuclear power, with three of six remaining plants closed, and is opposing the EU's inclusion of nuclear and natural gas in the 'green' energy plan, as part of its effort to become carbon neutral.

Title:

Content: Germany / EU / Energy
Germany opposes EU's inclusion of nuclear, natural gas in "green" energy plan
Germany on Sunday announced its opposition to the inclusion of energy from nuclear and natural gas in the EU ’ s “green ” investment program, which the European Commission is expected to introduce this month to decide whether to include natural and nuclear energy in the EU ’ s“ sustainable investment program. ”
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Reuters reports that Germany is withdrawing from nuclear power. On December 31, 2021, the German government closed three of the remaining six nuclear power plants, but the entire withdrawal process will take 20 years, and the cost of exiting each nuclear power station is about 1.1 billion euros.
"For the German government, natural gas is an important alternative energy source in the process of phasing out coal burning," a German government spokesman said. "The German government's position on nuclear energy remains unchanged, that nuclear energy cannot be considered a sustainable energy source."
While EU member states are still divided on whether nuclear and natural gas are “green energy ”, Reuters reported that the EU has plans to include some nuclear and natural gas in its“ green investment projects ” program.
The European Commission is expected to propose rules this month to decide whether to include natural gas and nuclear energy programmes in the EU ’ s Sustainable Investment Programme.
According to the draft proposal seen by Reuters, investments in nuclear power plants can be marked as “green ” if they have plans, funds and sites for the safe disposal of radioactive waste and have a construction permit by 2045.
Investments in natural gas power plants must meet the conditions of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions below 270 grams per kilowatt-hour (kWh), replace more polluting fossil fuel power plants, obtain construction permits by December 31, 2030, and plan to switch to low-carbon gases by the end of 2035.
EU countries and a panel of experts will carefully review the draft, which is due to be officially released later in January, after which changes may also be made.
Once published, the draft could still be rejected by a majority of EU member states or the European Parliament.
For more than a year, European countries have been divided over which fuels actually meet sustainability standards.
Austria, Germany, Luxembourg and other countries have expressed opposition to nuclear energy, while the Czech Republic, Finland, and France, which generates 70% of its electricity from nuclear energy, argue that nuclear energy is an indispensable alternative in the process of phasing out coal.

Germany's energy market is coping with the loss of nuclear power by relying on alternative energy sources, such as natural gas, as it phases out coal burning. The German government remains committed to its stance that nuclear energy is not a sustainable energy source, despite the EU's consideration of including it in its green investment projects program.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by transitioning to renewable energy and phasing out nuclear power, but the current energy crisis has led to a reevaluation of this plan.

The primary goal of Germany's Energiewende plan is to transition to renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with the government not considering nuclear energy a sustainable option.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to reduce carbon emissions, but the country is reconsidering its approach to nuclear energy due to concerns about energy supply and the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to transition to renewable energy by phasing out nuclear, coal-fired power, and natural gas, with the primary goal of reducing carbon emissions and becoming carbon neutral.

Germany's Energiewende plan aims to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and increase renewable energy, but the current energy crisis has led to a delay in closing nuclear plants, indicating nuclear energy's continued role in the country's energy strategy.

Title:

Content: President Tsai Ing-wen promoted the “2025 Non-Nuclear Home ”, and the No. 2 nuclear plant was decommissioned on the 14th.
According to the "Business Times" comprehensive foreign news report, the French parliament recently voted overwhelmingly to build six nuclear power plants plan.
"Politician Mystique" pointed out that not only France, the nuclear abolition of Germany also secretly suspended the nuclear program.
"Politician fan" recently pointed out on Facebook that not only France, the nuclear abolition of Germany also secretly suspended the nuclear program, the European Union nuclear power as a green electricity, the world feels that now should not be anti-nuclear, can not scrap nuclear, can not think of it?
The whole world is beating the Democratic Party.
According to the "Business Times" reported in August last year, foreign media quoted German officials as saying that due to Russia's reduced natural gas supply, Germany is afraid of facing an energy shortage crisis, has been scheduled to delay the closure of the country's last three nuclear plants, which means that Germany will violate the nuclear policy enshrined in 20 years.
For France through the construction of six nuclear power plants, PTT friends have said, "the focus of nuclear power is to reduce the dependence on natural gas, to avoid the whole country being killed by a single energy, for France, nuclear power, green power two will not replace each other", "will believe that green power replaces nuclear power, probably also believe that the earth is flat", "look at a country, lack of electricity will not lie", "," With love? ”
Some netizens believe that "all countries in the world are on the trend of carbon-free energy, and on the contrary, the Tsai government" and "don't you like to say that it is in line with the international trend?"
"Europe is using nuclear power, on the contrary, Taiwan, laughing dead, no brain anti-nuclear."
# Nuclear # Nuclear # Plant # 2 # Demolition # Democratic Progressive Party

Germany, Austria, and Luxembourg oppose the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy, with Germany declaring its opposition and Austria and Luxembourg planning to file a case against the new law.

"Germany is opposed to the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy and is moving forward with its plans to phase out nuclear power, despite potential negative climate impacts."

Germany opposes the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy, considering it unsustainable.

Austria and Luxembourg are opposing the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy, as evidenced by their lawsuit against the new classification.

Austria and Luxembourg are opposing the inclusion of nuclear power in the EU's green taxonomy and are taking legal action against the decision.

The party that has historically been against nuclear power in Germany is the Greens.

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Content: Read the history of the moment: why is Germany so entangled in nuclear power? | German News | DW | 14.04.2023
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Read the history of the present: why is Germany so entangled in nuclear power?
Germany was proud of its nuclear power generation technology, but at the same time the technology has been so controversial that it has finally decided that April 15, 2023 is the date of withdrawal from nuclear power.
However, as the energy crisis caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war continues to intensify, the wisdom of the decision to say goodbye to nuclear energy has been widely discussed.
Germany ’ s nuclear policy is in dispute again
It all started with an "egg" - Germany's first nuclear reactor in Garching, near Munich, went into operation in October 1957.
Because the nuclear reactor, which belongs to the University of Munich, resembles an egg, it is nicknamed the "atomic egg".
It was a milestone in Germany's nuclear energy research and a symbol of Germany's resurgence after World War II.
The nuclear reactor, which was used for scientific purposes, remained in operation until 2000.
In 1957, Germany built its first nuclear reactor.
Three years later, in 1960, the first nuclear power plant for civilian use was built in the city of Kahl, on the banks of the Main River in Bavaria.
At that time, atomic energy was widely regarded as both safe and reliable. The 1973 oil crisis gave further impetus to the rapid development of nuclear energy in Germany.
The start of the anti-nuclear movement
Since it has been impossible to find a foolproof way to store nuclear waste, opponents have begun to question whether nuclear energy is really a clean energy source.
Thousands of protesters clashed with police during the construction of the Brockdorf nuclear power plant in the state of Shihe.
Since the 1970s, plans for the construction of the Brockdorf nuclear power plant have triggered numerous police and civil conflicts.
"Nuclear energy? No, thank you!" has become a rallying cry for environmentalists.
In the 1980s, a new political party, the Green Party, emerged in West Germany. Its members are mainly leftists, pacifists, environmentalists and anti-nuclear forces. In 1983, the Green Party entered the Bundestag.
In 1983, Green Party politicians Gert Bastian and Petra Kelly were elected to the Bundestag.
On March 28, 1979, a serious accident occurred at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania, United States. On April 26, 1986, a reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine, Soviet Union, exploded, causing the worst nuclear disaster in history.
Radiation clouds spread throughout Europe.
The accident also marked a turning point in discussions about nuclear technology in Germany.
At the time, Germany was still divided.
In East Germany under the Communist Party, the public received almost no information about the nuclear accident and its effects.
West Germany, on the other hand, was in a state of confusion and politicians were helpless.
People were unprepared for a nuclear leak, and the government was unable to provide guidelines and response strategies for the time being.
A hastily formed crisis management team was also disbanded shortly afterwards.
The Chernobyl nuclear accident has caused widespread concern in Germany.
People are buying iodine.
A large quantity of fruit, vegetables and milk in the supermarket was ordered to be removed from the shelves because of concerns about nuclear radiation.
Children were banned from playing in the sand pools and citizens were warned not to go out in the rain.
Although the health effects of radiation were not detected in Germany, the accident led to the introduction of nationwide radiation monitoring in Germany, which eventually led to the establishment of the Federal Ministry of the Environment.
Plans to build a nuclear waste treatment plant in the Bavarian town of Wackersdorf have sparked serious riots.
The clashes left several protesters and civil servants dead and hundreds injured.
The project was finally halted in 1989, the first major victory of the German environmental movement.
And...
In 2011, protesters handcuffed themselves to the tracks in an attempt to block trains carrying nuclear waste.
Meanwhile, in northern Germany, Gorleben in Lower Saxony became a symbol of the struggle against nuclear waste, and the town was designated to temporarily store nuclear waste until a permanent storage site was identified.
The first shipment of nuclear waste arrived in the town on 24 April 1995.
A long farewell to nuclear power - Germany's nuclear withdrawal process after many setbacks
In 2001, Schroeder's center-left coalition government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the Green Party reached an agreement with major energy companies to phase out nuclear power.
All 19 nuclear power plants in Germany have been given operating timelines and the last one is required to be shut down by 2021.
In 2001, Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder announced that Germany would phase out nuclear power generation.
In 2010, the center-right government led by Chancellor Angela Merkel withdrew the nuclear withdrawal agreement.
It also decided to extend the operating time of nuclear power plants.
However, the third major nuclear accident in the world has caused a change in Germany's nuclear energy policy. On March 11, 2011, the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan caused by the earthquake and tsunami.
The impact of the accident on Germany is even greater than that of Japan.
As a veteran physicist, German Chancellor Angela Merkel unexpectedly changed her usual stance on nuclear energy policy.
Merkel suddenly announced that the era of nuclear power in Germany will end by the end of 2022. On July 30, 2011, the German Bundestag voted to approve the resolution.
After years of fierce fighting, the Brockdorf nuclear power plant in the state of Ishih will finally become history in 2021 after 35 years of operation.
In 2017, Germany decided to start a nationwide search for a safe place to store highly radioactive nuclear waste, with the mission to be completed by 2031.
At the end of 2021, anti-nuclear activists celebrated the closure of a nuclear power plant in North Germany.
Rethinking the nuclear policy.
The war in Ukraine has made Germany anxious to get rid of its energy dependence on Russia, which has also reignited the already ironclad policy of denuclearization.
The coalition leader has spearheaded a proposal to extend the operating time of nuclear power plants to replace natural gas from Russia with nuclear power.
In August 2022, CDU Chairman Meltz and CSU Chairman Soder both put forward the idea of extending the time limit for nuclear power operations.
Christian Lindner, finance minister of the business-oriented Liberal Democratic Party (FDP), immediately backed a return to nuclear power.
His party is junior partner in a centre-left coalition with the Social Democrats (SPD) and the Greens.
The latter will find it difficult to agree to an extension because opposition to nuclear power is one of their core issues.
But in the summer of 2022, no one in Germany completely ruled out that possibility.
LDP finance minister Lindner, who is focused on business interests, was also quick to join the pro-nuclear camp.
But for the Green Party, which is also part of the ruling coalition, the possibility of agreeing to extend the operating time of nuclear power plants is slim, because opposition to nuclear power is their basic principle.
Anything is possible in Germany in 2022.
Can nuclear power be a climate savior?
Editor: This article was originally published in August 2022
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Any misconduct will lead to recovery and criminal prosecution.
DW.COM

The Green party in Germany has historically been opposed to nuclear power, which is relevant to the country's current energy situation and efforts to achieve climate neutrality.

The Social Democrats (SPD) and the Green Party coalition in Germany have historically been against nuclear power, as evidenced by their decision to phase out nuclear power in the early 2000s.

The German government has opposed the inclusion of nuclear energy in the EU's "green" investment program and is in the process of withdrawing from nuclear power, with three of the remaining six nuclear power plants closed on December 31, 2021.

Germany has historically been opposed to nuclear energy, along with other countries like Austria and Luxembourg.

"Germany's energy transition plan is adapting to the loss of nuclear power by considering the continued operation of remaining nuclear plants and implementing a natural gas conservation plan, amidst the energy crisis exacerbated by the Russian-Ukrainian war."

"Germany's energy transition plan is facing challenges due to the loss of nuclear power, with some stakeholders pushing for the extension of nuclear power plant operations, while others oppose it. A majority of Germans support the extension, but environmental groups are threatening to take legal action to prevent it."

Germany is delaying the shutdown of two nuclear power plants to ensure a stable energy supply amidst the Russian-Ukrainian war's impact on their energy market.

"Germany is transitioning away from nuclear power as part of its energy transition plan, with a focus on renewable energy, and is keeping some reactors on standby to ensure energy security, while also facing challenges due to the Russian-Ukrainian war."

"Germany's move away from nuclear energy has led to an increased reliance on natural gas, primarily imported from Russia, which poses energy security concerns, particularly in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war."

Title:

Content: The Ukraine War Awakens Europe ’ s Energy Dream
The war in Ukraine has had a profound impact on the world economy.
It will, at least in terms of energy, food, strategic supply chains, finance and the world ’ s currency, international investment, and international big business, subvert the global imagination of the post-Cold War era for three decades.
The pendulum of the global historical process will inevitably swing back in the direction of “decoupling. ”
Limited to space, this is mainly about energy issues.
As the “post-Cold War era ” officially ends and traditional conflicts return to the center of the international stage, energy security is back in the spotlight.
In the Ukraine war, the warring side Russia is one of the most important energy supplies in the world, and the severity of the war of aggression has made it impossible for Russia and the European and American countries to maintain the post-Cold War era of “politics and economics ”.
The “weapon of mass destruction ” in Russia ’ s hands is energy.
Europe and the United States know that energy is Russia's most important export products, blocking energy exports can vigorously hit the Russian economy; but at the same time, it is obvious that reducing Russian energy imports will lead to a shortage of energy supply in Europe and the United States.
The United States, Canada and the United Kingdom can withstand this pain, the United States and Canada have announced that they will stop importing Russian energy, and the United Kingdom has announced that it will stop importing by the end of this year.
But Europe has become a soft spot for the Euro-American Asia-Pacific anti-Russian community, because Europe is too dependent on Russian energy.
Russia is the third largest oil exporter in the world and the second largest natural gas exporter, and Russia is far the first European energy supplier. In 2020, Europe imported a total of 185 billion cubic meters of natural gas from Russia, of which 168 billion were imported by pipeline and 1.7 billion by liquefied natural gas.
This accounts for 36% of total natural gas consumption in Europe.
In the European Union alone, natural gas imports from Russia account for 40% of its total consumption.
Such a massive dependence makes Europe ’ s energy sanctions against Russia seriously inadequate.
At the European Union meeting in Versailles on March 10, the EU announced that it would end its energy dependence on Russia by 2027 (five years later). On June 2, the EU announced the sixth round of sanctions, banning the import of Russian marine oil and reducing its oil imports by 92% by the end of the year.
But it is one thing to say, and whether it can be done is another.
Energy transition and energy crisis
In any case, the war in Ukraine has made the West suddenly aware of the importance of energy security.
Energy is the driving force behind the operation of society.
Energy security is a very important concept in the Cold War era when people were growing up. The oil crisis of the 1970s not only caused oil prices to rise, but even prices were not available, and the “spectacular ” scenarios of refueling such as long queues in front of gas stations can be found in pictures and videos.
Energy issues are so central to social issues, and even the anxiety about the “energy crisis ” in the literature and television works of the time is everywhere.
Remember the famous 1980s cartoon “Transformers ”, the core material of the battle between the Decepticons and the Boxers is the“ energy cube ”, and the two factions contended that “the one who gets the energy brick wins the world ”.
At that time, in order to stabilize the supply of energy, the United States changed its foreign policy and reached a so-called “petrodollar ” agreement with Saudi Arabia, the leader of the Arab world and one of the world ’ s largest oil reserves, to provide security and Saudi Arabia agreed to use the dollar as the only currency for oil.
The United States, with its strong naval power, provides escort for oil exports (shipping).
This system stabilizes the supply of oil from the Middle East and also provides “convenience ” for other countries.
After the end of the Cold War, under the globalization of free trade and global investment, energy production was internationalized, and many international energy companies held shares in each other.
The world rarely has a war that seriously affects the supply of energy, and even if there is a war, it is not to the point of death. The vast majority of energy-producing countries are focused on the economic and trade interests of global energy production, and they can usually guarantee the basic normal supply of energy in times of conflict.
Energy security issues have long been ignored.
In the post-Cold War era, energy issues were still very important on the international agenda, but “energy security ” fell back to the second line, and the focus quickly shifted to“ carbon reduction. ”
The rise of climatism in the face of the "crisis" brought about by global climate change.
Climatologists believe that: First, global climate change is the most important crisis of the earth, which will lead to the whole ecological deterioration, sea level rise, humanitarian disasters, and even human destruction and other tragedies; Second, the cause is mainly human carbon dioxide released when a large amount of fossil energy is used to cause global warming; Third, positive emission reduction can prevent the crisis.
Under this “three-paragraph theory ”, climatologists actively promote“ carbon reduction ” and dominate the post-Cold War energy agenda.
There are two ways to reduce emissions.
The first is to reduce energy consumption, which does not contradict the concept of energy security: less energy is used, and energy security is naturally easier to guarantee.
The second is the energy transition from “dirty ” traditional energy to“ clean ” energy.
It is this energy transition that has transformed the landscape of energy production and trade.
Countries that previously had abundant coal mines, such as Germany, had to import a large amount of natural gas because of the rush to phase out coal-fired power generation, renewable energy sources could not keep up, and there was a huge gap in energy supply; after the start of the electric vehicle revolution, the demand for electricity rose further, so the demand for natural gas was higher.
In this two-pronged way, the whole society is over-reliant on natural gas.
From the perspective of energy security, it is self-defeating.
Of course, Germany is even more amazing, even if it has not completely eliminated coal, but it has not dug up coal, and instead imported from Russia.
Another factor in Europe ’ s increased reliance on natural gas is the decline in the use of nuclear energy.
As mentioned earlier, nuclear energy is a clean energy source in the sense of carbon emissions.
After the Cold War, the share of nuclear power in Europe increased.
However, nuclear waste disposal and the safety of nuclear facilities have always been a concern.
But since 2005, nuclear power has been in decline: Europe ’ s old nuclear plant life cycle has gradually expired, and Europe (except the United Kingdom and France) has stopped building new plants.
On this issue, Germany is leading the European trend, because Germany ’ s anti-nuclear movement is the most powerful.
In particular, after the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011, there were massive anti-nuclear demonstrations in Germany, and Merkel announced that all 17 nuclear power plants in the country would be shut down by 2022.
It is with Germany that other countries in Europe have accelerated the nuclear abolition project.
Nord Stream 2 highlights Germany's lack of big power
Germany, as a bad example, relies too much on “hostile states ” (Russia) in addition to abandoning coal mines and nuclear weapons.
The dispute over the North Stream 2 pipeline is best known.
Nord Stream II was a natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany via the Baltic Sea (alongside the original Nord Stream I).
Germany built this pipeline for two purposes.
The first is the energy gap, and the second can double the supply of natural gas from Russia to Germany.
Second, other natural gas pipelines from Russia to Germany have to pass through Poland and Ukraine, and every time Russia uses the "energy card" to threaten to "cut off" Ukraine, it will also cause Germany to "suffer", which affects Germany's natural gas supply, but also makes Russia's "energy card" scruples.
"North Stream 2" can greatly alleviate this problem.
International large-scale natural gas transmission generally has two methods.
The traditional way is through the pipeline of the gas pipeline, natural gas is continuously transported from the source of production to the destination.
The emerging method is liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is liquefied at the production site and then transported to the destination by giant specialized vessels to re-gasify the LNG at the receiving station.
The two are better than each other.
The early investment in the pipeline method is huge (construction of pipelines), but the operating costs are relatively cheap after construction.
LNG transportation costs are generally higher than gas pipelines, plus the conversion costs from gas to liquid to gas.
In terms of transportation costs alone, the shorter the distance, the greater the cost advantage of the gas pipe; the longer the distance, the closer the transportation cost of LNG will be to the gas pipe or even lower than the gas pipe.
It is estimated that at about 700 miles, LNG transportation costs will be lower than subsea pipelines, and at about 2,200 miles, LNG will be lower than terrestrial pipelines.
From the price point of view, Europe, especially Germany, is the most economical way to import from Russia.
However, this is only based on price considerations, and if you add the national security perspective of energy security, the consideration is completely different.
The gas pipeline model is a "binding mode", after the huge construction of the gas pipeline linking the two countries, it is difficult to abandon the gas pipeline, and can not use the pipeline to transport natural gas from other countries, so the energy will depend on the exporting country for a long time.
LPG is a "non-binding mode", as long as there is a receiving station, the purchase from any country is transported by ship.
For Germany and Europe, plus Russia, which supplies pipeline gas, is an enemy, and the United States, which supplies liquefied petroleum gas, is an ally.
During the Trump administration, Nord Stream II became the focus of the contradiction of virtue.
The United States believes that Russia is a hostile country, Germany should not further increase its dependence on Russia on the important issue of energy, Nord Stream 2 should be stopped, and the United States announced sanctions.
The United States also took the opportunity to sell liquefied natural gas to the United States.
The position of the Trump administration is completely correct. Unfortunately, the relationship between the United States and Europe is very poor during the Trump period, and the sanctions are too harsh.
In Germany under Merkel, there is also the argument that the United States is less reliable than Russia.
This enabled Germany to press ahead with the construction of Nord Stream II, knowing that Russia had annexed Crimea and threatened European security.
Under this trend of thinking, Europe has further increased its dependence on Russian energy.
In fact, since 2009, Europe has been aware of its deep and growing dependence on Russian energy.
Even after the Crimea incident in 2014, Europe continued to increase its natural gas imports from Russia, and began importing Russian liquefied natural gas in 2017.
The reason for this, in addition to economic costs, is also due to the continuous decline in natural gas production in Europe itself (the North Sea gas fields are beginning to dry up).
In fact, Europe has been anaesthetizing itself, dreaming that Russia, no matter how bad, can not prevent the normal supply of energy to Europe.
However, the Russian invasion has awakened Europe ’ s “energy dream. ”
(This article is excerpted from Li ’ s book “The Disintegration of Empire and the Fortress of Freedom: Historical Origins, Geopolitics, and Justice in Ukraine ’ s War Against Russia ”, provided by Eight Banners Culture)
Extended reading
Thematic book exhibition on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict
What do Chinese forces want to enter the United States in Beijing?
Cold and sad?
The link between climate and happiness
Bureaucratic zombie policies.

Building new nuclear power plants in Germany would take 15 years and cost between 15-20 billion euros.

Title:

Content: Germany will not resume the use of nuclear energy
Nuclear energy died in, turning into a “dead horse ” for the country ’ s economy.
will not build a nuclear power plant and relies only on solar and wind energy.
This was stated on Saturday by the Chancellor of Germany, reports AP.
In a Saturday radio interview with Deutschlandfunk, Scholz stated that nuclear power is "a dead horse" in Germany.
(This expression literally translates as “dead horse ”, and means something that has exhausted itself, a question that has lost its relevance; a question that is better to forget).
“Nuclear power is over.
The problem of nuclear energy in Germany has exhausted itself, it is a dead horse.
Anyone who wants to build a new nuclear power plant will need 15 years and will have to spend 15 – 20 billion euros (16.2 – 21.6 billion dollars) each, ” said Scholz.
According to him, any talk about the resumption of the use of nuclear energy will imply the construction of new nuclear power plants.
But this is not in the plans of the FRG.
Scholz stressed that Berlin intends to “expand the use of renewable sources, such as wind and solar energy ”
Earlier, the German Chancellor rejected the proposal of the junior partner in the power coalition that the country should leave open the possibility of using its closed nuclear power plants.
Rambler: top news

Building new nuclear power plants in Germany would be a long-term process, requiring plans, funds, and sites for safe radioactive waste disposal and a construction permit by 2045.

Building new nuclear power plants in Germany would take approximately 15-20 years, as stated by Chancellor Olaf Scholz.

Title:

Content: German Chancellor Olaf Scholz opposed the return of the country to nuclear energy, pointing to the unprofitability of the construction of nuclear power plants.
“If someone now decides to build a nuclear power plant, then based on the current construction time, it will be ready in 15-20 years, ” he said during a trip to the city of Sindelfingen in southwestern Germany.
According to the Chancellor, during this period the country will have time to solve all the problems in the field of energy.
Scholz said that the electricity produced by the nuclear power plant is much more expensive than that produced by wind, sun and other sources.
“If you look back in 20 years and see who made a cheaper and more efficient decision on the issue of electricity generation, it will be our country, ” he said.
Author: Editorial | Date: 2024 / 03 / 04, 17: 59 | Heading: World
Topics:,
(No estimates yet)

Germany will allow building permits for new nuclear power plants until 2045, but the actual construction time is not specified.

Germany has agreed not to build new nuclear power plants, so it is not possible to provide a timeframe for their construction.

Title:

Content: ● Talk from the beginning
In October 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, led by Saudi Arabia, imposed a embargo on countries supporting Israel with oil as a weapon. The embargo lasted until March 1974, when the global price of oil rose by nearly 300%, from $3 per barrel to nearly $12.
Recognizing the importance of stable energy supply and price, many countries have begun to develop nuclear power.
In that era, the development of nuclear energy in Germany and France went hand in hand. Both countries imported nuclear power technology from the United States, and both established independent nuclear power industries.
In 1979, the Three Mile Island accident in the United States did not change the Social Democratic Party's support for nuclear energy in Germany at the time, and then the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Russia caused a major impact on Germany's nuclear energy policy. In August 1986, the Social Democratic Party passed a bill to abandon nuclear power within 10 years, Germany terminated the development plan for new reactors, and power companies dared not plan to build a nuclear power plant. Merchants.
Overall, the passage of the Act did not affect the operation of the nuclear power plants in transit in Germany, with a capacity of 20,339 and 20,583,000 megawatts in 23 years from 1986 to 2009, and a further 22.9 million megawatts in 1989.
In other words, the ruling party in Germany recognized the importance of nuclear power to the country ’ s economic development and did not implement the nuclear abolition bill hastily passed in August 1986 under the anti-nuclear passion of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in Russia.
Obviously, the non-nuclear file, can only say, can not be done.
Non-nuclear weapons are a bargaining chip for political power
In October 1998, the Social Democratic Party and the Green Party organized a joint government and began to discuss a non-nuclear timetable with power companies. The Green Party, a small party with ideological leadership and national recognition of only 6.7%, changed the national energy policy through the power to gain the leadership of energy policies that are closely related to national security.
The assumption of power by political parties recognized by more people is the basic tenet of the operation of democratic politics.
When, in order to gain political power, different political parties used coalitions to lead to the opinions of the minority and hostage the understanding of the majority, is this the normal state of democratic politics?
Ridiculous, even more pathetic!
After numerous and varied threats, the coalition government and the power companies reached an agreement in late 2000.
The key point of the agreement is that the government will allow the units in operation at the time to continue operating until the cumulative generation of 2,623 billion kWh, equivalent to an average useful life of the units of 32 years (the power company originally expected 36 years), and that Germany will be non-nuclear by 2022.
The government is committed to ensuring the smooth operation of the nuclear power plant and the disposal of nuclear waste without political interference. In June 2001, the “Red Green ” coalition government signed an agreement with four power companies.
The agreement clearly stipulates that Germany will no longer build nuclear power plants and allow the temporary storage of used nuclear fuel at the site.
Based on the cap on nuclear power generation, a less cost-effective unit was stopped in 2003 and 2005, with a installed capacity of 640,000 MW and 340,000 MW, respectively, and it operated for 31 and 36 years.
In addition, a unit with a capacity of 1.22 million megawatts was built in 1986 on the banks of the Rhine. The unit was discontinued in 1988 due to anti-nuclear protests, and its power company abandoned the unit in 2003 to begin decommissioning work. Two units with a capacity of 771,000 megawatts and 1.26 million megawatts were suspended in 2007 and 2009, respectively, for 30 years and 25 years.
These two units are boiling water reactors, which are different from the mainstream pressurized water reactors in Germany.
Germany ’ s non-nuclear decision in 2000 was a pragmatic compromise that quelled the protests of anti-nuclear groups, kept the plant running smoothly, and provided the government with enough time to think about national energy policy.
An industrial leader reminded the government that reliable and affordable energy is an important part of Germany ’ s economic policy.
Opposition leaders in Congress said there was a chance they would change the decision.
The expectation of power companies is to increase the average operating year of all nuclear power units from 32 to 40 years, and then to 60 years depending on the situation of individual units.
● New opportunities brought about by the change
In September 2009, the new coalition government of the Christian Democrats and the Liberal Party announced plans to withdraw the "non-nuclear policy".
At this time, Germany still has 17 operational nuclear power units, but one is in a long-term state of decommissioning.
If all the units can be extended from the original agreed 32 years of operation to 60 years, it is estimated that the additional profit of the power company will be 100 billion euros, and the government must take a share, let alone 50 billion euros.
Financial negotiations took a year to complete.
The new nuclear policy allows for 40 years of operation (an additional 8 years) for units that were negotiated before 1980, and 14 years for units that were negotiated after 1980.
The government pays dividends on the extension of nuclear power plants to the national treasury under various taxes, donations and surcharges.
For example, the tax on nuclear fuel based on the weight of nuclear fuel used is increased to 2.3 billion euros per year, equivalent to 0.016 euros per kilowatt-hour.
In order to supplement the development of renewable energy, we will provide 300 million euros each in 2011 and 2012, 200 million euros each from 2013 to 2016, and 0.009 euros per nuclear power generation after 2016. The funds will also fund a recovery plan for a waste salt mine that is disposed of from nuclear waste.
Germany ’ s policy of abandoning nuclear energy has officially turned a corner.
• Planning does not change
On March 15, 2011, German Chancellor Angela Merkel announced that the new nuclear energy policy adopted only four months ago was suspended for three months. At the same time, seven units that had been negotiated before 1980 were immediately shut down. This represents a decrease of 8,336 MW, or 6.4% of the total installed capacity.
In May 2011, the German regulatory authority issued a statement saying that after various assessments, all German nuclear power units are in good condition and there are no concerns about their safety.
Despite this, the German government announced on May 30 that under pressure from anti-nuclear local governments, it will return to its original non-nuclear policy and close all nuclear power plants by 2022. At the end of June and July 8, the German House of Representatives and the Senate respectively passed decrees to expand wind power generation in response to the shutdown of nuclear power plants, while agreeing to build coal-fired power plants and gas plants without changing carbon reduction targets.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient baseload power after the nuclear power plant is stopped, electricity will be imported from France, Russia and Poland.
It ’ s all about non-nuclear policy.
Some nuclear power plants have been forced to shut down, but the nuclear power plants that continue to operate still have to pay various heavy taxes according to the 2011 revision of the Atomic Energy Law. Tax rebates of €6.3 billion between 2011 and 2016 and the suspension of tax on nuclear fuel.
The nuclear fuel tax was abolished at the end of 2016. In order to avoid the nuclear fuel tax, the fuel exchange time of five German units was postponed to January 2017, and a total of 8 billion kWh of power generation was lost from mid-December to the end of February 2016.
After 10 years of litigation, the government reached a settlement with four power companies for a total amount of 4.8 billion euros.
This amount of money is the most direct price of policy repetition.
In response to nuclear waste, in order to maintain a stable power supply, the huge investment in power generation and transmission systems is a heavier burden on society.
In May 2011, the German power grid department warned that the closure of nuclear power plants will lead to insufficient baseload power generation capacity, and renewable energy generation facilities are scattered, and renewable energy rich areas and power consumption areas are at a distance, requiring transmission networks.
The lack of power transmission capacity will make the grid fragile and unreliable, and the stability of the grid is facing great challenges. In May 2012, Germany announced a 10-year plan to expand and strengthen the grid, with a total of 26 transmission projects, with a total investment of 10 billion euros.
Germany calls the policy of increasing the proportion of renewable energy generation and phasing out nuclear energy as Energiewende (energytransition), an appropriate translation is also our slogan, "energy transition"!
For the public, the direct cost of the energy transition is that household electricity prices are the second highest in Europe and the highest in Denmark.
According to statistics, in December 2021, the price of domestic electricity in Germany was 80% higher than that of France.
Electricity prices in Germany
The electricity market in Germany is completely liberalized, and power companies sell electricity generated by various forms of electricity generation in the wholesale market. The price of electricity in the wholesale market is open information, which allows power companies to obtain electricity from the wholesale market and transmit it to consumers through the electricity network.
Taxes paid by different types of consumers are also different.
Due to various measures to reward renewable energy, distorting the market mechanism, the German wholesale electricity price is lower than other countries, and sometimes even negative, 298 hours of wholesale electricity price is negative in 2019 and 139 hours in 2021.
The average wholesale price of electricity in the German electricity market is 0.03767 euros / kWh in 2019, 0.03047 euros / kWh in 2020, and 0.09685 euros / kWh in 2021. The average price in the first half of the year is 0.054 euros / kWh, rising to 0.1380 euros / kWh in the second half of the year.
As shown in the attached figure, the Russian-Ukrainian war caused a surge in gas prices, which had a huge impact on electricity prices in Germany; in July 2022, the high price of 0.3153 euros per degree was 6.4 times that of January 2019!
The price of electricity for domestic or small commercial use in Germany is very high.
Look at the price structure of electricity for German households.
Germany ’ s household electricity price in 2006 was 0.1946 euros per kWh. It rose to 0.3216 euros per kWh in 2021, and has reached 0.3714 euros in 2022. In 2021, more than half of Germany ’ s household and small business electricity price burden came from additional taxes or fees due to energy policies. 16% is a sales tax, 20% of the renewable energy surcharge is paid to the renewable energy industry, 6% of the electricity tax (also known as the ecological tax), and there are three smaller surcharges.
If so, why not in the first place?
In 2010, Germany had 17 nuclear power units with a total installed capacity of more than 20 million megawatts, accounting for about 15% of the total installed capacity. In 2010, the total generation capacity was 133 billion kWh, accounting for about 25% of the total generation capacity. At the end of 2011, there were 9 nuclear power units with a total installed capacity of 12 million megawatts.
Compared to 1990, the total installed capacity was 1.3 times, but the power generation increased by only 11%.
Wind and photovoltaics account for nearly half of the installed capacity, but only 28% of the generation.
Nuclear power plant capacity accounted for only 4.1%, but power generation accounted for 12.4%. In 2021, three nuclear power units were shut down, and there are only three units in operation, with a total installed capacity of 4.055 million megawatts, accounting for less than 2%, and the total power generation may be about 6%. Can the economy afford to shut down the remaining three nuclear plants in 2022?
According to a news report on August 18, "Germany is facing an energy shortage crisis this winter and has planned to delay the closure of the country's last three nuclear power plants."
The decision has not yet been formally adopted by Prime Minister Bernard Shaw and may need to be passed by parliament. Details are still being discussed and a cabinet resolution will have to wait weeks for an energy demand assessment to come out, but officials believe the results are already known, according to three officials.
According to online data, Germany has eight decommissioned units that have not been in service for 40 years, and if the international consensus is that nuclear power units can be used for at least 60 years, the extension of these units can significantly reduce the dependence on imported natural gas.
It remains to be seen whether the shift in German nuclear policy will extend to these eight units.
● Other Mountain Stone
Looking at Taiwan ’ s electricity situation, the schedule summarizes Taiwan ’ s electricity data for 2019 and 2021, which can be compared with Germany ’ s data for 2019. Germany ’ s total installed capacity and total power generation in 2019 are 4.1 times and 2.2 times that of Taiwan, respectively.
The average capacity factor for electrical equipment in Germany is 30% and in Taiwan it is 56%.
Renewable energy cannot generate electricity all the time, and when the installed capacity is large, the average capacity factor will be low.
But there are other factors, in 2019, Germany ’ s natural gas installation capacity of 46 million megawatts, generating 90.8 billion kWh; Taiwan is 17.57 million megawatts and 91.2 billion kWh; the installed capacity is only 38% of Germany ’ s, but the power generation is equivalent.
Germany ’ s electricity grid is part of the European continent ’ s electricity grid, and data can be found on the network. In 2020, Germany exported 66.39 billion kWh of electricity and imported 48.05 billion kWh. About 20% of Germany ’ s domestic electricity production is exchanged with other countries.
If the exchange is not possible, it is necessary to abandon electricity when the amount of renewable energy generation exceeds the amount of electricity used or the capacity of the grid; when the renewable energy generation is insufficient, more dispatchable units are needed.
Renewable energy generation must be coupled with a power generation facility that can be scheduled, so that the power grid can be stable.
When the capacity of renewable energy installations is large, the capacity of the installations with the power generation facilities that can be adjusted will also increase.
The average capacity factor of German natural gas units is only 15%.
In other words, Germany ’ s natural gas unit is idle 85% of the time, isn ’ t that the cost of renewable energy?
When renewable energy must have a total installed capacity of 12.7 million megawatts (54.8%) of renewable energy (wind, light, water, and waste) with a capacity of 255.1 billion kWh (41.9%); the installed capacity is 16.3 times that of Taiwan ’ s 7.8 million megawatts in 2019, and the power generation capacity is 16.8 times that of Taiwan ’ s share is only 5.6%. Degrees.
From the number of renewable energy generation, Taiwan really can not be compared with Germany, but can we really develop to the realm of Germany?
Germany ’ s territory covers an area of 357,622 square kilometers, 9.9 times Taiwan ’ s 35,980 square kilometers.
Simply estimate the amount of renewable energy generated per square kilometer of land in Germany is only 1.7 times that of Taiwan.
In other words, if Taiwan ’ s renewable energy development can be as good as Germany ’ s, our renewable energy generation capacity can be doubled again! Is that enough? What does the rest rely on? Petrified fuels? Taiwan ’ s use of fossil fuels for power generation is 82.0% in 2019 and 83.3% in 2021. What should we do about the reduction of greenhouse gases? Energy can be developed, hydrogen is an energy carrier, not energy, that is, hydrogen production still depends on other sources of energy.
The Germans can ’ t take the risk, we don ’ t see it.
Germany's nuclear energy policy is all caused by natural gas, on the one hand, the source is cut off, on the other hand, the natural gas shortage caused by the soaring price of fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels account for 46.3% of Germany ’ s electricity generation, and the rise in wholesale electricity prices has been alarming. The German government has revised its nuclear energy policy once again in order to spread the risk of excessive reliance on natural gas.
In Taiwan, fossil fuel power generation accounted for 83.3% in 2021, can the impact on electricity prices be lighter than in Germany?
You can't see that Taiwan Power Company is expected to have a loss of 200 billion yuan this year, and CNOOC is also in the tens of billions!
The government is afraid to adjust the price of electricity and natural gas for fear of affecting the election.
A few days ago, the media reported that the government has compiled a budget to directly eliminate the deficit.
Do they still have the law in their eyes?
If the government respects the results of the 2018 referendum on nuclear and green energy, and four years ago it began to promote the renewal of the licenses of the four nuclear companies to transfer and operate China's power plants, Taiwan will pay a lot less in this wave of soaring fossil fuel prices.
A while ago, the military exercise across the strait, it can be seen that it is rehearsing to block Taiwan, if it is really blocked in the future, our natural gas stocks can stand for a few days! Our government seems to be old in the ground is not proper, still clinging to the god of the non-nuclear homeland, refusing to open their eyes to see the latest international energy trends.
After Germany abandoned its non-nuclear policy, the only countries in the world that have used nuclear energy, only Taiwan has a non-nuclear timetable, China, the United States, France, Japan, South Korea and India, etc., are building or planning new nuclear power plants.
The Taiwanese government should wake up.
Those who pretend to sleep cannot wake up, so let us spit on those who stand in line with those who pretend to sleep!
With the election looming, let ’ s ask the candidates whether they support nuclear power?
If not, ask him to tell you where Taiwan's energy policy should go, how Taiwan meets the requirements of international carbon reduction, what to do when Taiwan is short of power, and who pays when electricity prices surge? (The author is a Distinguished Professor of Engineering and Systems Science, National Tsing Hua University)
※ The above statements do not represent the position of Wangzhong Media Group ※
# Germany # Unit # Electricity # Euro # Nuclear

France is planning to build six new nuclear reactors, and despite Germany's initial move away from nuclear energy, there are indications that Germany may be reconsidering its stance on nuclear power.

France plans to build six nuclear power plants to reduce dependence on natural gas.

The question asks about France's nuclear reactor plans, and according to the text, France plans to build at least six new reactors by 2050.

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Content: Home / News / World /  Germany quits nuclear power; shuts final 3 plants
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Germany has shut its final three nuclear plants, marking the end of the country's end of nuclear era that has spanned more than 60 years.

Nuclear power has long been contentious in Germany.

The move has come as Germany's eyes achieve its green goal. Steffi Lemke, Germany’s Federal Minister for the Environment and Consumer Protection and a Green Party member, "The position of the German government is clear: nuclear power is not green. Nor is it sustainable".

Closure of three nuclear plant's history:

Germany shut three plants-- Emsland, Isar 2, and Neckarwestheim, representing the culmination of a plan set in motion more than 20 years ago.

During the 1970s, a strong anti-nuclear movement emerged in Germany. The movement gave birth to the green party, which is now part of governing coalition.

However, it was in the 2000s the German government pledged to phase out nuclear power and start shutting down plants.

But in 2009, a new government came to power and it seemed brief as if nuclear would get a reprieve as a bridging technology to help the country move to renewable energy.

Then Fukushima happened. In 2011, an earthquake and tsunami caused three reactors of the Fukushima Daiichi power plant to melt down.

Three days later then-Chancellor Angela Merkel who was previously pro-nuclear, announced Germany would accelerate a nuclear phase-out, with older plants shuttered immediately.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine provided another plot twist.

Germany isn’t the only country committed to walking away from nuclear — Italy gave up the technology in 1990, and Lithuania recently struck a deal to dismantle its Soviet-era reactors, which have sat idle for over a decade. But in many advanced economies, nuclear is experiencing a resurgence.

On Sunday, Finland will start regular power production at Europe’s newest and biggest reactor. The 1,600-megawatt Olkiluoto-3 unit that faced years of delays had been planned to enter commercial production on Monday. France is planning to build at least six new reactors by 2050 as well as experiment with smaller, modular ones. The UK has similar ambitions. And even in Japan, after a decade of paralysis following the nuclear accident in Fukushima, the public is warming up to the use of nuclear power. The Japanese government wants to restart reactors that have sat idle since the disaster and to extend the lifespan of existing units.

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"Germany is moving forward with its plans to phase out nuclear power, despite potential negative impacts on the climate, and is rejecting the new European classification. The country's energy market is likely to be affected by the loss of nuclear power, and the Russian-Ukrainian war may have an impact on Germany's energy supply."

"Germany is considering keeping two nuclear power plants on standby due to the gas shortage and pressure from the EU, despite initial plans to phase out nuclear power by 2022."

Germany is considering keeping two nuclear power plants on standby, with the plant operator willing to continue operations beyond the end of the year if the government desires, but an environmental NGO has threatened to take legal action if operations exceed December 31, 2022.

61% of Germans support extending nuclear power plant operations, according to a poll by ARD.

"In 2021, nearly 46% of Germany's electricity generation came from renewable sources."

"In 2021, 41% of Germany's electricity generation came from renewable sources."

In 2021, 41% of Germany's electricity generation came from renewable sources.

"One of Germany's long-term energy goals is to derive 80% of its energy from renewable sources, primarily wind and solar power, by 2030."

"Germany aims to generate 80% of its energy from renewables by 2030, indicating a significant shift away from non-renewable sources like nuclear power."