"Ocean acidification has negative effects on the early life stages of the Eastern oyster, with carryover effects into the juvenile stage. These effects can be used to infer potential impacts on other marine life, including cephalopods and marine mammals."

Ocean acidification can negatively affect marine life, particularly organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons or shells, and can disrupt the food chain and ecosystem mechanisms.

Ocean acidification can have negative effects on marine life, including reduced survival and growth rates in shrimp larvae, and may also impact other species such as cephalopods and octopuses.

Ocean acidification can have severe consequences on marine life, including increased mortality of larvae and potential collapse of species, emphasizing the need for awareness and action to mitigate its effects.

Ocean acidification can lead to unfavorable conditions for marine life, particularly organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons, and its impact on marine ecosystems and calcifying organisms needs to be closely monitored.

"Ocean acidification is a consequence of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, affecting marine life, particularly organisms with calcium carbonate shells. The Eastern oyster is impacted by ocean acidification, with effects on its larval and juvenile stages."

Ocean acidification is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, resulting from global warming, and threatens marine ecosystems.

Ocean acidification can cause high mortality in marine species, such as the M Nair shrimp, and may lead to their collapse due to increased acidity and warming of the ocean surface.

Ocean acidification is caused by the increase in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations, primarily due to human activities, which influences the seawater carbonate system and impacts the marine ecosystem.

Ocean acidification is caused by factors such as glacial and sea-ice meltwater, which can lead to freshwater dilution and a decrease in the aragonite saturation state, a measure of ocean acidification. However, primary production can help offset this negative impact by biologically removing CO2 from the water.

Ocean acidification impacts marine life, including Dungeness crab, which is projected to show strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues later this century.

Ocean acidification can have significant impacts on marine life, particularly on vulnerable species such as the Eastern oyster. The effects of ocean acidification can be persistent and negative, and can carry over from one life stage to another.

Ocean acidification negatively impacts marine life, especially organisms with calcium carbonate in their skeleton or shell, such as some phytoplankton species, and can disrupt the food chain and ecosystem mechanisms.

Ocean acidification can impact the early life stages of marine species, such as shrimp larvae, by affecting their growth rates, survival rates, and development, and may have additional effects when combined with ocean surface warming.

Ocean acidification can impact marine life, including crustaceans like shrimp, by causing high mortality of larvae and potentially leading to the collapse of species.

Increased ocean heat can result in ocean acidification, warming, and changes to the ocean's chemistry, posing a threat to marine ecosystems.

Increased ocean heat can result in accelerated growth rates but lower survival rates in shrimp larvae.

Increased ocean heat can cause the collapse of certain crustacean species due to high larval mortality and reduced growth.

Increased ocean heat can result in coral bleaching.

Increased ocean heat can cause coral bleaching, as heat stress leads to the expulsion of symbiotic algae from corals.

Ocean acidification affects the early life stages of Eastern oysters, with carryover effects into the juvenile stage. The effects are nuanced and context-dependent, with acidification having more persistent and negative effects, while warming has more fleeting and positive effects.

Ocean acidification negatively affects marine life, especially organisms with calcium carbonate in their skeleton or shell, such as some phytoplankton species, and can disrupt the food chain, biodiversity, and ecosystem mechanisms.

Ocean acidification can have devastating effects on marine life, including crustaceans, and a multi-faceted approach is needed to address it, including reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable practices.

Ocean acidification can be addressed by understanding the factors that influence it, including freshwater dilution, primary production, and air-sea CO2 exchange, and by monitoring these factors to mitigate their negative impacts on marine ecosystems and calcifying organisms.

"Ocean acidification affects various marine life forms, including autotrophs, mollusks, corals, microbes, small mollusks, and sponges. However, certain groups like cephalopods, including cuttlefish and octopuses, have received limited attention in research, highlighting the need for further studies on their vulnerability to ocean acidification."

Ocean pollution, specifically ocean acidification, can lead to strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues, impacting marine ecosystems and the species that depend on them.

Ocean acidification has a negative impact on the early life stages of the Eastern oyster, with sub-lethal and carryover effects that could have consequences for both wild and selectively bred populations in the future.

Ocean acidification can negatively impact marine ecosystems by affecting organisms with calcium carbonate in their skeleton or shell, particularly in the early stages of their life.

Ocean pollution, including acidification, can negatively impact marine ecosystems by affecting the early life stages of certain species, such as shrimp larvae, and potentially leading to lower survival rates.

"Ocean pollution can cause coral bleaching, leading to coral starvation and potentially death, which can have a negative impact on marine ecosystems."

The study on ocean acidification was published in Frontiers in Marine Science.

The study on ocean acidification was published in Frontiers in Marine Science.

A study on ocean acidification, specifically its impact on Dungeness crab, was published on November 14, 2023.

The study on ocean acidification was published in Oceanography journal in 2023, focusing on its impact on dungeness crab on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA.

A study found that ocean acidification, combined with surface warming, affects the early life stages of shrimp larvae, leading to lower survival and growth rates.

"The early life stages of marine species, such as the larval stage of the Eastern oyster, are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, which can have negative and persistent effects on their development and carry over into later stages."

Ocean acidification negatively affects early stages of marine life, particularly those with calcium carbonate skeletons or shells.

Ocean acidification affects the early life stages of marine organisms, such as shrimp larvae, by impacting their growth rates, survival rates, and development, making them vulnerable to multiple molting processes over their life cycle.

Ocean acidification can lead to unfavorable conditions for marine life that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons, which may include cephalopods like cuttlefish and octopuses.

Ocean acidification affects various stages of marine life, with certain groups like autotrophs, mollusks, and corals being well-studied, while others like microbes, small mollusks, and sponges are relatively understudied.

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including Dungeness crab, which is projected to show strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues later this century due to high CO₂ emissions.

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including the Eastern oyster, by impacting the larval stage and having carryover effects on the juvenile stage. The effects of acidification are more persistent and negative, while warming has more fleeting and positive effects.

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including shrimp, by impacting their growth and abundance.

Ocean acidification affects marine life by changing the pH of water, which negatively impacts organisms, especially in their early stages of life.

Ocean acidification, caused by climate change, affects marine life by changing the chemistry of the ocean and threatening marine ecosystems.

Ocean acidification affects shell formation in marine organisms, including the Eastern oyster, by impacting their physiology and performance, with more persistent and negative effects than warming.

Ocean acidification negatively affects shell formation in marine organisms, especially those with calcium carbonate in their skeletons or shells, by changing the pH of the water, which can be particularly harmful in the early stages of their life.

Ocean acidification can lead to unfavorable conditions for marine organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons, which includes some cephalopods.

Ocean acidification negatively impacts shell formation in marine organisms, but the presence of certain foundation species can help mitigate these effects.

Ocean acidification harms marine life, especially animals with shells like oysters and crabs, by making it harder for them to build and maintain their shells.

Dungeness crab is a marine calcifier that may be threatened by ocean acidification.

"Ocean acidification affects marine calcifiers like the Eastern oyster, impacting their larval stage and potentially carrying over into the juvenile stage, with negative and persistent effects."

Ocean acidification can harm marine calcifiers, such as those with calcium carbonate in their skeletons or shells, and may disrupt the food chain and ecosystem.

"Ocean acidification has negative effects on the early life stages of the Eastern oyster, with carryover effects into the juvenile stage. These effects can be used to infer potential impacts on other marine life, including cephalopods and marine mammals."

Title:

Content: There were 1,839 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 458,569 in the last 365 days.

Linking physiological effects of environmental stressors from cellular to whole-organismal levels in the early-life history stages of Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster)

The Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), is an ecologically and economically important species that resides in dynamic coastal ecosystems along the East and Gulf coasts of the United States. The success of oyster populations depends on the recruitment of their early life stages, which are especially vulnerable to environmental stress due to high developmental energy demands. As climate change continues, it is necessary to anticipate how the early life stages of the Eastern oyster will respond to environmental stressors under ecologically relevant scenarios. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation was to understand how the early life stages of C. virginica are physiologically affected by multiple global climate change stressors from a holistic perspective by incorporating local environmental data, observations across three life stages (i.e., carryover effects), responses from two important types of Eastern oysters, and physiological metrics from the cellular to whole-organism levels. To achieve this goal, chapter two observes the relative importance of three environmental tolerance mechanisms (selective mortality, carryover effects, and phenotypic plasticity) in shaping the performance of juvenile oysters in response to salinity exposures during the larval stage. Findings from this chapter indicate that typical differences in salinity among successive larval cultures in shellfish hatcheries likely do not impact performance as juveniles; rather, phenotypic plasticity likely underpins juvenile oyster performance as their physiology correlated with environmental conditions during the juvenile phase, not the larval exposures. Chapter three investigates carryover effects in more detail to explore how multiple global climate change stressors, ocean acidification and ocean warming, might affect the physiology of larval C. virginica, if those effects carry over to impact the performance of juvenile oysters and lastly, if those carryover effects change under different future environmental scenarios. Conditions of ocean acidification and ocean warming did affect the larval stage of the Eastern oyster and carry over into the juvenile stage, though these effects were nuanced and context dependent. Specifically, carryover effects from conditions of acidification were more persistent and negative, whereas warming had more fleeting carryover, and cross-tolerant, effects that were generally positive. Continuing to observe the effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on the Eastern oyster, chapter four compares the larval responses of wild and selectively bred oysters. C. virginica larvae from wild and selectively bred oysters responded differently to conditions of acidification, but not warming. Furthermore, wild oyster larvae may be more resilient in the face of ongoing climate change. Despite exhibiting more lethal and negative effects of acidified conditions early in the larval stage, wild oyster larvae compensated for these earlier negative effects, while larvae from selectively bred oysters began showing signs of stress towards the end of the experiment. Lastly, exploring the development of carryover effects, chapter five observes how conditions of acidification during the settlement stage (i.e., settlement and metamorphosis) carried over to impact the juvenile stage. No detectable carryover effects were found, even though conditions of acidification negatively affected tissue growth at the beginning of the settlement stage. Overall, while Eastern oysters are able to withstand environmental stress to some degree, there were sub-lethal and carryover effects from multiple global climate change stressors identified in this dissertation that could have consequences for both wild and selectively bred populations in the future. The results from this dissertation will support subsequent studies to accurately predict the future success of wild oyster populations (e.g., effects to recruitment) and aquaculture production based on their physiological performances in the face of ongoing climate change.

Schatz K. A., 2023. Linking physiological effects of environmental stressors from cellular to whole-organismal levels in the early-life history stages of Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster). PhD thesis, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Thesis (restricted access).

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At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification can negatively affect marine life, particularly organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons or shells, and can disrupt the food chain and ecosystem mechanisms.

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In cooperation with the Foundation for the Advancement of Science and the Atomic Energy Agency
« Research » conducted a study on the impact of « acidification » on shrimp
The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), in cooperation with the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), completed a study project to investigate the impact of ocean acidification and ocean surface warming on the growth and abundance of local shrimp.
In turn, the head of the project, researcher Lamia Muslim at the Center for Environmental and Life Sciences Research at the Institute, said that there are many animals that contain in their skeleton or shell calcium carbonate, and changes in the pH of water can negatively affect these organisms, especially in the early stages of their life. The sea and some phytoplankton species, but that does not mean that this is a positive thing because the increased growth of these organisms can disrupt the food chain, biodiversity and ecosystem mechanisms and construction.
She added that the presence of large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to the occurrence of global warming and the rise of the surface of the oceans by between one and three degrees Celsius, and the rise of the water level to an amount ranging from 0.18 to 0.79 meters, which in turn leads to acidification and warming of the surface of the oceans, and therefore to change the chemistry of the ocean and threaten marine ecosystems.
She pointed out that the shrimp mothers were collected from Kuwaiti territorial waters during the breeding season to obtain eggs and shrimp larvae in sufficient numbers to conduct experiments on all stages of shrimp age, as the study experiments were conducted in the laboratories of the Institute in a controlled system simulating the expected climate changes in the future.
The results of the study confirmed that the warming of the surface of the oceans could have a greater impact than ocean acidification on the early life stages of shrimp larvae, as shrimp larvae exposed to high temperatures showed accelerated growth rates to reach the sizes of older shrimp, but with lower survival rates, it is very likely that lower survival and growth rates under future climate scenarios may lead to the emergence of smaller shrimp larvae. These larvae will undergo multiple molting processes over their life cycle making them vulnerable; furthermore, the study results suggest additional effects of combined exposure to ocean surface warming and acidification on egg-hatching success, survival, and shrimp larval development.
Al-Musallam said: “The study is fully consistent across the entire life cycle of the M Nair shrimp, where high mortality of larvae at low pH and high water temperature indicates a possible collapse of this species of crustacean under conditions of increased ocean acidification and future warming of the ocean surface, which also leads to a significant reduction in shrimp stocks in the Arabian Gulf due to overfishing or reduced larval growth due to climate change. ”
For his part, dr.
Dr. Saifuddin Iqbaluddin, from the Center for Environmental and Life Sciences Research, said experts regularly measure water temperature and pH levels and look at how marine life might respond to these changes in the coming decades.
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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification can have negative effects on marine life, including reduced survival and growth rates in shrimp larvae, and may also impact other species such as cephalopods and octopuses.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification can have severe consequences on marine life, including increased mortality of larvae and potential collapse of species, emphasizing the need for awareness and action to mitigate its effects.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification can lead to unfavorable conditions for marine life, particularly organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons, and its impact on marine ecosystems and calcifying organisms needs to be closely monitored.

Title:

Content: There were 974 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 451,057 in the last 365 days.

Editorial: the changing carbonate systems in coastal, estuarine, shelf areas and marginal seas

Editorial on the Research Topic
The changing carbonate systems in coastal, estuarine, shelf areas and marginal seas

Global atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from 320 ppm in the 1960s to the present-day value of 420 ppm, primarily due to anthropogenic activities. This increase influences the seawater carbonate system, impacting the marine ecosystem. There are still gaps that need to be resolved for predicting how these marine systems respond to current and future CO2 levels. Any actions to mitigate the change in pH will require adaptive management of multiple stressors across several spatial scales. Combined, these perspectives yield a more comprehensive picture of events during ocean acidification (OA).

This Research Topic brings together articles from different regions, including coastal, estuarine, and shelf areas and marginal seas, all susceptible to changing atmospheric conditions, riverine inputs, air-sea CO2 exchanges, and multiple acid-base reactions that can alter carbonate chemistry. Articles on the long-term trends of CO2 system descriptors and the interactions with calcifying organisms were also sought. The present Research Topic is primarily based on original articles devoted to carbonate systems in the marginal seas, but it is a pity that some interesting papers dealing with freshwater inflows, estuaries, and related coastal areas were not accepted.

Fransson et al. examined the effects of glacial and sea-ice meltwater on ocean acidification in the waters near the 79 North Glacier (79 NG) and the northeast Greenland shelf. The researchers investigated various ocean acidification factors and the influence of freshening, primary production, and air-sea CO2 exchange. One of the key findings was that the biological removal of CO2 through primary production played a crucial role in offsetting the negative impact of freshwater dilution on the aragonite saturation state (ΩAr), which is a measure of ocean acidification. This compensation effect was most pronounced in 2012, especially in the vicinity of the 79 NG front, where there was a significant presence of glacial meltwater and surface stratification. In 2016, a different scenario was observed, with a more homogenized water column due to sea-ice meltwater. In this case, the compensation effect of biological CO2 removal on ΩAr was weaker compared to 2012. The study also suggests that in the future, with ongoing climate and ocean chemistry changes, the increasing influence of meltwater may surpass the mitigating effects of biological CO2 removal. This could lead to unfavorable conditions for organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons. Thus, all the proposed factors need to be closely monitored as they could have significant implications for marine ecosystems and calcifying organisms in the face of ongoing environmental changes.

In a study by You et al., the researchers assessed ocean acidification in the Western Pacific using boron isotopic analysis in a large tropical coral core from Lanyu Islet in Southeast Taiwan. They used a well-preserved coral skeleton (Porites lobata) for detailed major and trace element analysis, including boron (B) and its isotopes (δ11B), as well as stable isotopes of oxygen (O) and carbon (C). Their primary objective was to investigate environmental changes during the period from 1991 to 1997. The coral records revealed a distinct temporal trend in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) based on elemental/calcium ratios on both annual and monthly scales. Notably, the most temperature-sensitive proxy, Mg/Ca-SSTs, indicated a significant warming trend during the study period. The researchers also observed subtle changes in the annual δ11B record, corresponding to a pH decrease of approximately 0.2 units. This change was consistent with other coral records in the Pacific, in-situ measurements of pH and pCO2, and model predictions, highlighting the impact of human-induced ocean acidification. When combined with Mg/Ca-SST data, the intra-annual coral data exhibited a clear seasonal cycle, with higher pH levels during the winter, aligning with surface ocean pCO2 patterns. These chemical and isotopic findings in corals underscore the value of marine biogenic carbonates as informative tools for reconstructing oceanic pH changes.

Rivaro et al. investigated freshwater inflow into the Ross Sea in Antarctica, particularly through the eastern gate and along the Ross Ice Shelf. They conducted a survey during the austral summer of 2019-20 to assess the contribution of Amundsen Sea Water (ASW) to salinity variations. The researchers used data on total alkalinity (AT), pH, temperature, and salinity to analyze the properties of the carbonate system, including total inorganic carbon, pCO2, and the calcium carbonate saturation state of aragonite and calcite (Ω), along with the Revelle factor. They also estimated anthropogenic carbon (Cant) using the TrOCA method to gain insights into the carbon cycle and its impact on ocean acidification due to atmospheric CO2 uptake. The study found that changes in the carbonate chemistry of surface waters were primarily influenced by physical properties. AT and pH were effective indicators of the entry of ASW, demonstrating limited mixing between different water masses in the shelf area. Additionally, shelf waters were enriched in Cant, leading to levels lower than what was estimated for shelf waters generated in the western Ross Sea.

Ingrosso et al. investigated the factors influencing the absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Cant) in the Ross Sea, an area known for its capacity to absorb carbon due to its cold waters, high primary productivity, and unique circulation on the Antarctic continental shelf. The researchers focused on the carbonate system to assess the current levels of anthropogenic carbon and understand how physical and biological processes regulate Cant sequestration along the shelf-slope continuum. They found that the Winter Water mass, formed during convective events, contained high levels of Cant due to the mixing of layers during the cold season. In contrast, the older and less-ventilated Circumpolar Deep Water entering the Ross Sea had minimal anthropogenic carbon contributions. The study also revealed variations in Cant content between different areas, such as polynyas and the shelf break, influenced by their distinct hydrographic and biological characteristics. The intense microbial activity in these regions consumed a significant portion of particulate organic carbon, leading to the release of CO2 into the intermediate and deep layers of the continental shelf zone. The findings underscored the importance of summer biological activity over the Ross Sea shelf in facilitating the transfer of anthropogenic CO2 between organic and inorganic carbon pools. This process contributed to ocean acidification in the upper mesopelagic zone and the long-term sequestration of Cant in the deep ocean.

Hassoun et al. conducted a comprehensive review of ocean acidification (OA) research in the Mediterranean region using data from the United Nations’ International Atomic Energy Agency’s Ocean Acidification International Coordination Center (OA-ICC) database and an extensive survey. Their analysis revealed several important knowledge gaps in understanding OA trends and biological impacts in the semi-enclosed and densely populated Mediterranean Sea. These gaps are attributed to disparities in OA research capabilities among Mediterranean countries and the intricate, long-term interactions among biological, chemical, and physical factors. The study highlighted an uneven distribution of OA research efforts across the region, with the Algero-Provencal and Ionian sub-basins being the least studied areas. Furthermore, the carbonate system in coastal zones remains inadequately quantified, and there is a scarcity of long-term time series data in the Mediterranean, making it challenging to assess OA trends along the coast. While certain groups of organisms, such as autotrophs (algae, phanerogams, phytoplankton), mollusks, and corals, have received considerable attention in research, others, including microbes, small mollusks (particularly pteropods), and sponges, have been relatively understudied. Despite available resources and agreements for enhanced and coordinated OA governance, there is a lack of consistent OA policies in the Mediterranean Sea. To address these challenges, the article offers recommendations based on their literature review and insights from the Mediterranean OA scientific community.

Curbelo-Hernández et al. conducted an analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO2) system, anthropogenic carbon (Cant) inventory, and air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) in the waters surrounding the Macaronesian archipelago. They found that variations in CO2 levels were primarily influenced by temperature changes, biological activity, and advection processes driven by differences in the Canary Upwelling System, mixed layer depth, mesoscale activity, and circulation patterns. Surface CO2 levels (fCO2,sw) were found to be influenced by biological production and the injection of CO2-rich water in tropical waters, while temperature fluctuations played a significant role in subtropical waters. The study also examined the factors that control changes in the total inorganic carbon normalized to a constant salinity (NCT) in the upper ocean. The research revealed an increase in the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon compared to preexisting levels, as calculated using the TrOCA 2007 approach, which served as an upper limit for NCT. The importance of the organic carbon pump diminished in subtropical waters, while the carbonate pump had minimal contribution. Regarding FCO2, the area behaved as a CO2 sink during the winter, but strong outgassing was observed over the Cape Blanc filament. To enhance understanding in this region, the authors compared their data with existing datasets (SOCAT and GLODAP) and provided a new set of equations for calculating fCO2,sw, Cant, and FCO2 in the Macaronesian area.

All these studies emphasize the urgency of addressing ocean acidification and its multifaceted impacts on marine ecosystems. They call for continued monitoring, research, and international cooperation to better understand and mitigate the effects of rising CO2 levels on our oceans and the life they support.

Ogrinc N., Giani M. & Faganeli J., 2023. Editorial: the changing carbonate systems in coastal, estuarine, shelf areas and marginal seas. Frontiers Marine Science 10: 1325363. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1325363. Article.

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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

"Ocean acidification is a consequence of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, affecting marine life, particularly organisms with calcium carbonate shells. The Eastern oyster is impacted by ocean acidification, with effects on its larval and juvenile stages."

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Ocean acidification is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, resulting from global warming, and threatens marine ecosystems.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Ocean acidification can cause high mortality in marine species, such as the M Nair shrimp, and may lead to their collapse due to increased acidity and warming of the ocean surface.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification is caused by the increase in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations, primarily due to human activities, which influences the seawater carbonate system and impacts the marine ecosystem.

What is the main cause of ocean acidification?

water absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Ocean acidification is caused by factors such as glacial and sea-ice meltwater, which can lead to freshwater dilution and a decrease in the aragonite saturation state, a measure of ocean acidification. However, primary production can help offset this negative impact by biologically removing CO2 from the water.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification impacts marine life, including Dungeness crab, which is projected to show strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues later this century.

Title:

Content: There were 1,911 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 454,773 in the last 365 days.

Evaluating the evolving ocean acidification risk to Dungeness crab: time-series observations and modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA

Evaluating the evolving ocean acidification risk to Dungeness crab: time-series observations and modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA

Published 14 November 2023 Science Leave a Comment
Tags: biological response, chemistry, crustaceans, field, fisheries, North Pacific

The Olympic Coast of Washington is home to four Coastal Treaty Tribes who have relied on the region’s rich marine resources since time immemorial. The region is characterized by large dynamic ranges of physical and biogeochemical oceanographic parameters, particularly during the upwelling season (April–September). Here, we present novel estimates of ocean acidification metrics—pH and calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω)—representing pre-industrial, present-day (using 2010 as the index year), and near-future (2030) conditions. We compare these new estimates of past, present, and near-future ocean acidification status and seasonality to published end-of-century (2100) ocean acidification projections under a high CO₂ emissions scenario, and also to sensitivity information for Dungeness crab, a regionally important subsistence and commercial fishery species projected to show strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues later this century.

Alin S. R., Siedlecki S. A., Berger H., Feely R. A., Waddell J. E., Carter B. R., Newton J. A., Schumacker E. J. & Ayres D., 2023. Evaluating the evolving ocean acidification risk to dungeness crab: time-series observations and modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA. Oceanography 36(2–3): 138–147. Article.

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How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Ocean acidification can have significant impacts on marine life, particularly on vulnerable species such as the Eastern oyster. The effects of ocean acidification can be persistent and negative, and can carry over from one life stage to another.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Ocean acidification negatively impacts marine life, especially organisms with calcium carbonate in their skeleton or shell, such as some phytoplankton species, and can disrupt the food chain and ecosystem mechanisms.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification can impact the early life stages of marine species, such as shrimp larvae, by affecting their growth rates, survival rates, and development, and may have additional effects when combined with ocean surface warming.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Ocean acidification can impact marine life, including crustaceans like shrimp, by causing high mortality of larvae and potentially leading to the collapse of species.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Increased ocean heat can result in ocean acidification, warming, and changes to the ocean's chemistry, posing a threat to marine ecosystems.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

sea surface temperature
ocean acidification

Increased ocean heat can result in accelerated growth rates but lower survival rates in shrimp larvae.

Increased ocean heat can cause the collapse of certain crustacean species due to high larval mortality and reduced growth.

Increased ocean heat can result in coral bleaching.

Title:

Content: EXPLAINER Environment

Explained| The Great Barrier Reef’s recovery and vulnerability to climate threats

The Great Barrier Reef as on March 7. | Photo Credit: AFP

The story so far: The highest levels of coral cover, within the past 36 years, has been recorded in the northern and central parts of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), according to the annual long-term monitoring report by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). The researchers behind the report have warned, however, that this could be quickly reversed owing to rising global temperatures. This came after the reef experienced a mass coral bleaching event in March this year.

What are coral reefs?

Corals are marine invertebrates or animals which do not possess a spine. They are the largest living structures on the planet. Each coral is called a polyp and thousands of such polyps live together to form a colony, which grow when polyps multiply to make copies of themselves.

Corals are of two types — hard corals and soft corals. Hard corals extract calcium carbonate from seawater to build hard, white coral exoskeletons. Hard corals are in a way the engineers of reef ecosystems and measuring the extent of hard coral is a widely-accepted metric for measuring the condition of coral reefs. Soft corals attach themselves to such skeletons and older skeletons built by their ancestors. Soft corals also add their own skeletons to the hard structure over the years. These growing multiplying structures gradually form coral reefs.

Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest reef system stretching across 2,300 km and having nearly 3,000 individual reefs. It hosts 400 different types of coral, gives shelter to 1,500 species of fish and 4,000 types of mollusc. Coral reefs support over 25% of marine biodiversity even as they take up only 1% of the seafloor. The marine life supported by reefs further fuels global fishing industries. Besides, coral reef systems generate $2.7 trillion in annual economic value through goods and service trade and tourism. In Australia, the Barrier Reef, in pre-COVID times, generated $4.6 billion annually through tourism and employed over 60,000 people including divers and guides.

What does the new report say?

The annual long-term monitoring by AIMS began 36 years ago, and reefs are surveyed through in-water and aerial techniques. The current report surveyed 87 reefs in the GBR between August 2021 and May 2022. The report states that reef systems are resilient and capable of recovering after disturbances such as accumulated heat stress, cyclones, predatory attacks and so on, provided the frequency of such disturbances is low.

The new survey shows record levels of region-wide coral cover in the northern and central GBR since the first ever AIMS survey was done. Coral cover is measured by determining the increase in the cover of hard corals. The hard coral cover in northern GBR had reached 36% while that in the central region had reached 33%. Meanwhile, coral cover levels declined in the southern region from 38% in 2021 to 34% in 2022.

The record levels of recovery, the report showed, were fuelled largely by increases in the fast-growing Acropora corals, which are a dominant type in the GBR. Incidentally, these fast growing corals are also the most susceptible to environmental pressures such as rising temperatures, cyclones, pollution, crown-of-thorn starfish (COTs) attacks which prey on hard corals and so on. Also, behind the recent recovery in parts of the reef, are the low levels of acute stressors in the past 12 months — no tropical cyclones, lesser heat stress in 2020 and 2022 as opposed to 2016 and 2017, and a decrease in COTs outbreaks.

Does this mean the reef is out of the woods?

Besides predatory attacks and tropical cyclones, scientists say that the biggest threat to the health of the reef is climate change-induced heat stress, resulting in coral bleaching.

Corals share a symbiotic relationship with single-celled algae called zooxanthellae. The algae prepares food for corals through photosynthesis and also gives them their vibrant colouration. When exposed to conditions like heat stress, pollution, or high levels of ocean acidity, the zooxanthellae start producing reactive oxygen species not beneficial to the corals. So, the corals kick out the colour-giving algae from their polyps, exposing their pale white exoskeleton and leading to coral starvation as corals cannot produce their own food. Bleached corals can survive depending on the levels of bleaching and the recovery of sea temperatures to normal levels. Severe bleaching and prolonged stress in the external environment can lead to coral death.

Over the last couple of decades, climate change-induced rise in temperature has made seas warmer than usual. Under all positive outlooks and projections in terms of cutting greenhouse gases, sea temperatures are predicted to increase by 1.5°C to 2°C by the time the century nears its end. According to the UN assessment in 2021, the world is going to experience heating at 1.5°C in the next decade, the temperature at which bleaching becomes more frequent and recovery less impactful.

The concern is that in the past decade, mass bleaching events have become more closely spaced in time. The first mass bleaching event occurred in 1998 when the El Niño weather pattern caused sea surfaces to heat, causing 8% of the world’s coral to die. The second event took place in 2002. But the longest and most damaging bleaching event took place from 2014 to 2017. Mass bleaching then occurred again in 2020, followed by earlier this year. According to the Australian government’s scientists, 91% of the reefs it had surveyed in March were affected by bleaching.

Notably, half of the total reefs were surveyed before the peak of this year’s mass coral bleaching event in the GBR. Since surveys to determine the effects of bleaching need to occur during or after the summer heatwave, the authors of the report say that the full impact of this year’s mass bleaching would only be known in next year's report. The aerial surveys by AIMS included 47 reefs and coral bleaching was recorded on 45 of these reefs. While the levels were not high enough to cause coral death it did leave sub-lethal effects such as reduced growth and reproduction.

The AIMS report says that the prognosis for the future disturbance suggests an increase in marine heatwaves that will last longer and the ongoing risk of COTs outbreaks and cyclones. “Therefore, while the observed recovery offers good news for the overall state of the GBR, there is an increasing concern for its ability to maintain this state,” the report says.

THE GIST
The highest levels of coral cover, within the past 36 years, has been recorded in the northern and central parts of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, according to the annual long-term monitoring report by the Australian Institute of Marine Science.
Australia’s GBR is the world’s largest reef system stretching across 2,300 km and having nearly 3,000 individual reefs.
The new survey shows record levels of region-wide coral cover in the northern and central GBR since the first ever AIMS survey was done. The record levels of recovery were fuelled by increases in the fast-growing Acropora corals. However, scientists warned that these fast growing corals are also the most susceptible to environmental pressures such as rising temperatures, cyclones, pollution etc.

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Printable version | Aug 7, 2022 10:51:35 pm | https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/explained-the-great-barrier-reefs-recovery-and-vulnerability-to-climate-threats/article65741674.ece

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Increased ocean heat can cause coral bleaching, as heat stress leads to the expulsion of symbiotic algae from corals.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification affects the early life stages of Eastern oysters, with carryover effects into the juvenile stage. The effects are nuanced and context-dependent, with acidification having more persistent and negative effects, while warming has more fleeting and positive effects.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

Ocean acidification negatively affects marine life, especially organisms with calcium carbonate in their skeleton or shell, such as some phytoplankton species, and can disrupt the food chain, biodiversity, and ecosystem mechanisms.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification can have devastating effects on marine life, including crustaceans, and a multi-faceted approach is needed to address it, including reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable practices.

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification can be addressed by understanding the factors that influence it, including freshwater dilution, primary production, and air-sea CO2 exchange, and by monitoring these factors to mitigate their negative impacts on marine ecosystems and calcifying organisms.

"Ocean acidification affects various marine life forms, including autotrophs, mollusks, corals, microbes, small mollusks, and sponges. However, certain groups like cephalopods, including cuttlefish and octopuses, have received limited attention in research, highlighting the need for further studies on their vulnerability to ocean acidification."

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean pollution, specifically ocean acidification, can lead to strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues, impacting marine ecosystems and the species that depend on them.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Ocean acidification has a negative impact on the early life stages of the Eastern oyster, with sub-lethal and carryover effects that could have consequences for both wild and selectively bred populations in the future.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Ocean acidification can negatively impact marine ecosystems by affecting organisms with calcium carbonate in their skeleton or shell, particularly in the early stages of their life.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean pollution, including acidification, can negatively impact marine ecosystems by affecting the early life stages of certain species, such as shrimp larvae, and potentially leading to lower survival rates.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

"Ocean pollution can cause coral bleaching, leading to coral starvation and potentially death, which can have a negative impact on marine ecosystems."

The study on ocean acidification was published in Frontiers in Marine Science.

Title:

Content: Newswise — When carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the oceans, it can make the water more acidic, which is called ocean acidification. This can make it harder for some ocean creatures, like pteropods, to build and keep their shells. Pteropods are important for the ocean environment.

Pteropods are small sea creatures, including shelled sea butterflies. Not much is known about them because of their size, and they don't survive well in captivity. A team of marine scientists studied the life cycles, abundance, and seasonal changes of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, where climate change is happening quickly.

Dr Clara Manno, a researcher at the British Antarctic Survey and the corresponding author of the study published in Frontiers in Marine Science, said that the decrease in pteropod populations in the Antarctic Ocean could have significant consequences for the food web and carbon cycle. She also said that understanding the life cycle of this important organism could help to predict the impact of ocean acidification on the Antarctic ecosystem.

Population stability essential for species survival

To study the life cycle, abundance, and seasonal variability of shelled sea butterflies in the north-east Scotia Sea, a team of marine scientists collected sea butterflies in a sediment trap, a sampling device that was anchored at a depth of 400 meters. Since observing the entire life cycle of sea butterflies in a laboratory setting is impossible, the researchers had to gather information about their spawning, growth rate, and population structure. They were able to reconstruct the sea butterflies' life cycle for a year using the samples from the sediment trap.

The scientists found that the two most commonly collected species, Limacina rangii and Limacina retroversa, have different life cycles and therefore have different levels of vulnerability to changes in the ocean. During the winter months, L. rangii, which is a polar species, can be found as both adults and juveniles, while L. retroversa, a subpolar species, is only found as adults during the winter.

Sea butterflies that exist during the coldest season are more vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification. This is because ocean water is more acidic during this season than during other times of the year due to cooler temperatures that increase CO2 dissolution in the ocean. The researchers explained that the life stages of sea butterflies during this time are more exposed and vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification.

L. rangii has a survival advantage over L. retroversa because both adults and juveniles coexist during winter, which reduces the risk of population instability if one cohort is vulnerable. In contrast, if one cohort is removed from L. retroversa, the entire population could be at risk.

Prolonged exposure is a survival challenge

The researchers pointed out that although the two species are affected differently, both are likely to suffer harm if they are exposed to unfavorable conditions for prolonged periods.

The scientists cautioned that the intensifying and prolonged events of ocean acidification overlap with the spring spawning period, posing a threat to the most vulnerable life stage, the larvae. This could endanger the future populations of sea butterflies.

The research team plans to further study the sea butterflies in the Scotia Sea to see how they would be affected by the increase in the intensity and duration of ocean acidification events. They will study multiyear sediment trap samples to identify potential changes in the life cycle that may occur due to environmental changes. Dr Jessie Gardner of the British Antarctic Survey, lead author of the study, said this will be the next step in their research.

Journal Link: Frontiers in Marine Science

The study on ocean acidification was published in Frontiers in Marine Science.

A study on ocean acidification, specifically its impact on Dungeness crab, was published on November 14, 2023.

The study on ocean acidification was published in Oceanography journal in 2023, focusing on its impact on dungeness crab on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA.

A study found that ocean acidification, combined with surface warming, affects the early life stages of shrimp larvae, leading to lower survival and growth rates.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

"The early life stages of marine species, such as the larval stage of the Eastern oyster, are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, which can have negative and persistent effects on their development and carry over into later stages."

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Ocean acidification negatively affects early stages of marine life, particularly those with calcium carbonate skeletons or shells.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification affects the early life stages of marine organisms, such as shrimp larvae, by impacting their growth rates, survival rates, and development, making them vulnerable to multiple molting processes over their life cycle.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Ocean acidification can lead to unfavorable conditions for marine life that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons, which may include cephalopods like cuttlefish and octopuses.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification affects various stages of marine life, with certain groups like autotrophs, mollusks, and corals being well-studied, while others like microbes, small mollusks, and sponges are relatively understudied.

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including Dungeness crab, which is projected to show strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues later this century due to high CO₂ emissions.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including the Eastern oyster, by impacting the larval stage and having carryover effects on the juvenile stage. The effects of acidification are more persistent and negative, while warming has more fleeting and positive effects.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Ocean acidification affects marine life, including shrimp, by impacting their growth and abundance.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Ocean acidification affects marine life by changing the pH of water, which negatively impacts organisms, especially in their early stages of life.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification, caused by climate change, affects marine life by changing the chemistry of the ocean and threatening marine ecosystems.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does elevated water acidity affect fish ability to survive?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification affects shell formation in marine organisms, including the Eastern oyster, by impacting their physiology and performance, with more persistent and negative effects than warming.

Ocean acidification negatively affects shell formation in marine organisms, especially those with calcium carbonate in their skeletons or shells, by changing the pH of the water, which can be particularly harmful in the early stages of their life.

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification can lead to unfavorable conditions for marine organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons, which includes some cephalopods.

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

Which marine organism is vulnerable to increased levels of ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification negatively impacts shell formation in marine organisms, but the presence of certain foundation species can help mitigate these effects.

Title:

Content: There were 1,566 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 464,440 in the last 365 days.

Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae

Higlights

  • Sea urchin larvae were grown at ambient or low pH in tanks with or without plants.
  • Plant photosynthesis increased pH and altered seawater chemistry at both pH levels.
  • Positive effects of plant metabolism on larval development and growth at low pH
  • Seagrass meadows as a tool against climate-driven loss of calcifying species

Abstract

Foundation species have been widely documented to provide suitable habitats for other species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Nonetheless, their role in rescuing stress-sensitive species from adverse conditions due to climate change remains often unexplored. Here, we performed a mesocosm experiment to assess whether the seagrassPosidonia oceanica, through its photosynthetic activity, could mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on larval development and growth of the calcifying sea urchinParacentrotus lividus. Sea urchin larvae at early and late developmental stages that are generally associated to benthic habitats, were grown in aquaria with or without P. oceanica plants, under ambient or low pH conditions predicted by the end of the century under the worst climate scenario (RCP8.5). The percentage of abnormal larvae and their total body length under different experimental conditions were assessed on early- (i.e., pluteus; 72 h post-fertilization) and final-developmental stages (i.e., echinopluteus; 30 days post-fertilization), respectively. The presence of P. oceanica increased mean daily pH values of ∼0.1 and ∼0.15 units at ambient and low pH conditions, respectively, compared with tanks without plants. When grown at low pH in association with P. oceanica, plutei showed a ∼23 % reduction of malformations and echinoplutei a ∼34 % increase in total body length, respectively, compared with larvae developing in tanks without plants. Our results suggest that P. oceanica, by increasing pH and altering seawater carbonate chemistry through its metabolic activity, could buffer the negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms and could, thus, represent a tool against climate-driven loss of biodiversity.

Ravaglioli C., De Marchi L., Giannessi J., Pretti C. & Bulleri F., 2024. Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae. Science of the Total Environment 906: 167465. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167465. Article.

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What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Ocean acidification harms marine life, especially animals with shells like oysters and crabs, by making it harder for them to build and maintain their shells.

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The Logical Indian Crew

Rise In CO2 Levels In Air Is Wounding Sundarbans' Marine Life: Scientists

This has been analysed by a team of marine scientists working in the Sunderbans, who said ocean acidification is a part of global warming and climate change. The experts found the pH level of water dropping from around 8.3 in the early 1980s to approximately 7.9 in 2019.

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A continuous increase in the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the air is harming the marine life of the Sunderbans estuary in West Bengal by turning it acidic. Animals, especially with shells such as oysters, clams, crabs, and lobsters, are prone to danger.

This has been analysed by a team of marine scientists working in the Sunderbans, who said ocean acidification is a part of global warming and climate change, Hindustan Times reported. The experts found the pH level of water dropping from around 8.3 in the early 1980s to approximately 7.9 in 2019.

Speaking to the media, Abhijit Mitra, former head of the marine science department (Calcutta University), informed that the western part of Sunderban, close to the urban area, had observed a massive drop in its pH level, while the central part is declining slowly.

Mitra said the decline affects the population of shelled organisms and their shell size as well, which has become thinner and smaller. Fishermen said that several fish and other animals have gotten smaller, and they hardly get big ones.

Their population has also fallen by 35-40 per cent in the western area.

"The size of Saccostrea cucullata, a species of edible oyster around Kakdwip and Namkhana fishing harbour, has dropped by over 40 per cent. In the central Sunderbans, the size of the species has dropped by around 20 percent," the media quoted him as saying.

Asst. Professor of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Punyasloke Bhadury, explained that water contains calcium and carbonate ions, which the shelled animals need to develop and corals to build the reef. But the acidity reduces these components in the water, affecting the shell size and slowing down the growth of reefs.

Experts said the decline in the pH level is alarming. Just as the slightest drop in the pH level of a human body (pH 7.35 to 7.45) can make them sick, the same takes a heavy toll on marine animals.

The scientists said the decline is not just in Sunderbans but other estuaries as well.

Also Read: Rajasthan Bride Asks Father To Build Girls Hostel With Money Set Aside For Marriage

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How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Dungeness crab is a marine calcifier that may be threatened by ocean acidification.

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

"Ocean acidification affects marine calcifiers like the Eastern oyster, impacting their larval stage and potentially carrying over into the juvenile stage, with negative and persistent effects."

At what stage of life are calcium carbonate-based organisms most vulnerable to changes in water pH?

How do scientists expect ocean acidification to impact specific fish species?

it will affect their physiology and growth

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

Ocean acidification can harm marine calcifiers, such as those with calcium carbonate in their skeletons or shells, and may disrupt the food chain and ecosystem.

How does coastal ocean acidification affect shellfish?

What do shellfish use to build their shells?

What factors lead to damage of coral reefs?

Which ocean creatures have trouble forming shells due to ocean acidification?


"Aleppo is the Syrian city known for its traditional glassblowing, as indicated by the return of this art form in the Aleppo countryside."

"Traditional glassblowing is a significant part of Syria's cultural heritage, with a rich history and importance in Syrian culture, and is included in UNESCO's list of intangible human heritage."

"Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft that has been preserved for over two thousand years, and its inclusion in UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding highlights its importance and the need to protect it."

"Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft with a history spanning over two thousand years, and despite being impacted by war, it is being preserved by skilled artisans and has been recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding."

"Syria's traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft with a history spanning over two thousand years, and despite being impacted by war, it is being preserved by artisans and recognized by UNESCO as a culturally significant intangible heritage in need of urgent safeguarding."

Syria's traditional glassblowing craft has a rich history spanning over two thousand years and is in need of urgent preservation due to the impact of war on its artisans, prompting UNESCO to list it as an intangible cultural heritage in need of safeguarding.

Syrian glassblowing is an ancient craft with a history spanning over two thousand years, and despite being affected by war, it is being preserved by artisans who are passionate about keeping the tradition alive, with UNESCO recognizing its importance and listing it as a cultural heritage in need of urgent preservation.

Syria's traditional glassblowing is a culturally significant craft with a long history, but its current status is uncertain due to the risk of disappearance, prompting UNESCO to list it as an intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding.

"Aleppo is the Syrian city known for its traditional glassblowing, as indicated by the return of this art form in the Aleppo countryside."

Title:

Content: Art of glassblowing returns again in Aleppo countryside liberated from terrorism

The town of Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province in northern Syria has historically been famous for its skilled glassblowing craftsmen. The war considerably affected this traditional craft inherited from our ancestors, but after the liberation of the city from terrorism, some artisans have brought it back to life. The artisan, Yassin Arab learned the glassblowing craft from his father when he was a child, and after the town was liberated from terrorism, he returned to his small facility, where he worked to restore it and start working again. Arab does not hide his enormous passion for the craft of glassblowing and his belief in the need to preserve this ancient Syrian heritage. Regarding the working mechanism, the artisan explained to SANA that he uses recycled glass, melts it again in the oven at high temperature, and then chooses a specific shape for its manufacture, whether hookah bottles, vases, plates, small jugs, fish houses for decoration, decorated cups and antiques of different sizes. After that, t he piece is blown, rotated and processed by the artisan until it takes its final shape using white and brown colors, and once the manufacturing of the product is finished, it is decorated and colored to give it the required aesthetics. For his part, Hussein Najjar noted that he learned the craft of blowing glass manually since he was young and has been working in this field for 40 years. He added that he is able to make any shape or glass container, using his imagination, and considered that the art of glassblowing is one of the types of plastic arts. Traditional glassblowing is a profession that dates back more than two thousand years (since the time of the Phoenicians) and was included in December 2023 by UNESCO on the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity that needs urgent preservation. Source: Syrian Arab News Agency

"Traditional glassblowing is a significant part of Syria's cultural heritage, with a rich history and importance in Syrian culture, and is included in UNESCO's list of intangible human heritage."

Title:

Content: Culture of Al-Baath Newspaper
Intangible heritage contributions to the protection of national identity
Amina Abbas
Heritage researchers and scholars agree that the Levant region is the most important heritage repository for humanity, as it has the oldest and richest heritage, and this heritage, both material and intangible, was coveted by the colonists since ancient times to destroy culture and identity, there is no identity without heritage based on it, and no heritage without identity, so Syria is keen through its institutions and bodies to emphasize the importance of preserving it.
Hence, the Quneitra branch of the Arab Writers Union, in celebration of World Heritage Day, decided to hold a seminar in the Levant Hall of the National Museum entitled “Contributions of Intangible Heritage to the Protection of National Identity ” with the participation of Dr. Amal Daccak, Professor Ruba Al-Diab, Qas Ghassan Houranieh and Dr. Rima Diab, Head of the Quneitra branch of the Arab Writers Union. It represents not only traditions and the past, but society in all its layers, and links the past to the present and the future, and it is a means for each people to prove its existence in the world and its authenticity, while stressing that the intangible heritage contributes to the preservation of identity and personality. Our identity and our heritage in the era of globalization, which is trying to eliminate our heritage and culture to be part of this lost world.
This was also confirmed by Dr. Dakak in her participation: “The Syrian tangible and intangible heritage is rich in its authenticity and civilization that dates back thousands of years, so it was and still is coveted by the colonists who stole many treasures to be in their world museums, and their war on Syria recently was aimed at destroying culture and identity and stealing antiquities. ” It is an integrated cultural unit formed by man throughout his long history with his creative thinking, observations, reflections and experiences accumulated generation after generation, and it is the social environment occupied by man and the components and pillars produced by previous generations until it reached subsequent generations and has the function of supervising the behavior of the individual and his sociocultural upbringing because it is a reflection of the social, intellectual and cultural life of peoples. As Daccak pointed out, the identity is the set of psychological, social and civilizational features of our nation throughout its long history, and the folklore constitutes the identity of a homeland rich in culture and civilization, calling in the era of globalization to seek to preserve our cultural identity and heritage, which represents this identity to face the challenges of globalization that invade us and want to eliminate our identity and culture. And our originality by drawing different borders in which national identity is absent and killing people in their country.
Because the Levantine rose and its associated practices and traditional crafts are important Syrian heritage elements inherited from generation after generation, and was included by UNESCO in 2019 in the list of intangible human heritage was talked about by Professor Al-Diab, who was crowned queen of roses and became Syrian ambassador to the world: “The Levantine rose was found painted on the wall of a palace on the island of Crete and was introduced to France during wars. As the poet Nizar Qabbani wrote about her,“ I am your Damascene rose, O people of the Levant, and whoever finds me should put me in the first vase, ” referring to the areas of its cultivation in Damascus countryside and Ghubartha. The project was launched by the Syrian Secretariat for Development in 2020 with the support of First Lady Asma al-Assad, affirming that Syrians consider the Levantine Rose an important part of their culture. The Ministry of Tourism has taken it as its slogan, in addition to many medical and cosmetic companies and building a path that is architecturally designed in the form of a Levantine Rose, explaining that the elements of the Syrian intangible cultural heritage include: Traditions and expressions “qaṣīda, mawwāl, ataba, dalaouna, zaghārīd, folk proverbs ” and the arts:“ Aleppo qadūd, coastal dabka, Circassian dance, Syriac church music ” Social practices “preparing and serving bitter coffee ” Knowledge and practices related to nature and the universe:“ cupping, traditional architecture ” Skills related to traditional crafts “wooden mosaic, brocade ” The crafts associated with the Levantine Rose ”, and that the elements of the intangible Syrian heritage included in the lists of human heritage are: falcon hunting, shadow fiction theater, Levantine Rose, Aleppo cod, glass blowing and making sticks and playing on them.
It is noteworthy that the seminar included the presentation of a film prepared by dr.
Amal Daccak spoke about heritage in our contemporary lives and its role in preserving our national identity, and the participation of the storyteller Ghassan Houranieh through a short story titled “The Levantine Rose ”.

"Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft that has been preserved for over two thousand years, and its inclusion in UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding highlights its importance and the need to protect it."

"Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft with a history spanning over two thousand years, and despite being impacted by war, it is being preserved by skilled artisans and has been recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding."

"Syria's traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft with a history spanning over two thousand years, and despite being impacted by war, it is being preserved by artisans and recognized by UNESCO as a culturally significant intangible heritage in need of urgent safeguarding."

Syria's traditional glassblowing craft has a rich history spanning over two thousand years and is in need of urgent preservation due to the impact of war on its artisans, prompting UNESCO to list it as an intangible cultural heritage in need of safeguarding.

Syrian glassblowing is an ancient craft with a history spanning over two thousand years, and despite being affected by war, it is being preserved by artisans who are passionate about keeping the tradition alive, with UNESCO recognizing its importance and listing it as a cultural heritage in need of urgent preservation.

Syria's traditional glassblowing is a culturally significant craft with a long history, but its current status is uncertain due to the risk of disappearance, prompting UNESCO to list it as an intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding.