Companies like Google and IBM are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, offering cloud-based quantum computing on major cloud networks.

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with a focus on creating stable and scalable technology, and is pioneering the creation of human cognition models on quantum hardware.

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with rapid revenue growth and significant advancements in the field.

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with a global presence and partnerships with prominent quantum computing hubs, indicating a strong position in the field.

Google, IBM, and the Chinese University of Science and Technology are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, offering cloud-based quantum computing on major cloud networks, and is poised for a transformative moment.

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with a focus on creating stable and scalable technology, making them a prime contender in the field.

"IBM is a leading company in quantum computing development, with one of the world's largest quantum computers."

IBM is currently leading in quantum computing development, with significant advancements in hardware and software capabilities, including updates to their Qiskit software stack.

The United States and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, leveraging its potential to transform various industries.

"The leading countries in quantum computing development include the United States (with companies like Google and IBM) and China (with institutions like the Chinese University of Science and Technology), which are investing heavily in the field and achieving significant successes."

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development with the creation of a 504-qubit quantum computer, making it the most productive in the country and accessible to global users via the cloud.

The United States and China are leading in quantum computing development, with the United States having a clear advantage and China ranking first in quantum information patents and having a large scale of quantum communication applications.

Countries leading in quantum computing development include Australia, the United States (with companies like Google, Microsoft, and IBM), and China, with various approaches being explored.

The US and China are leading countries in quantum computing, with the UAE also investing in the sector.

China is a leading country in quantum computing, with the development of a 504-qubit quantum computer and plans to make its computing power available to users worldwide.

The United States and China are investing heavily in quantum computing, with the United States having a clear advantage in the field and China leading in patents and industrial development.

China and the United States are investing heavily in quantum computing, with China spending an estimated $15.3 billion in public funds on quantum research.

"China is currently the leader in investing in quantum computing, with $15.3 billion in government funding, and other countries are also allocating increasing budgets for research in this field."

The US and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, with the UAE also making efforts to create an attractive investment environment for the technology.

Companies like Google and IBM, as well as the Chinese University of Science and Technology, are leading in quantum computing development, with significant advancements in building large-scale quantum computers.

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development, with the creation of a 504-qubit chip and a quantum computer that will be made available to users worldwide via the cloud.

The United States and China are leading countries in quantum computing development, with the United States having a clear advantage in quantum computing and quantum measurement, and China leading in quantum communication applications and industrial development.

Amazon's AWS is a leading company in quantum computing development, with the establishment of the Amazon Center for Quantum Networking (CQN) to promote research in quantum science and engineering.

China is the country investing heavily in quantum computing.

Canada is investing heavily in quantum computing, with a $40 million federal investment to support the development of a photonic-based, fault-tolerant quantum computer by Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.

Canada is a leading country in investing in quantum computing, with investments of over $1 billion in the past 10 years and an additional $360 million through its National Quantum Strategy.

China is investing heavily in quantum computing, with an estimated $15.2bn in public investment.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is investing heavily in quantum computing, aiming to enable innovation and a knowledge-based economy through the Quantum Research Center and UAE institutes and universities.

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development with the creation of a 504-qubit quantum computer, making it the most productive in the country.

China is currently leading in the development of quantum computing, with significant government funding of $15.3 billion.

China is currently leading in the development of quantum computing, with significant investments in the technology.

Taiwan is a leading country in developing quantum computing, with the National Science Council promoting international cooperation to advance research and technology industrialization.

China is currently leading in developing quantum computing, with significant efforts and investments in research and development, raising concerns about privacy and national security.

China is currently leading in quantum computing research, with the Chinese University of Science and Technology developing a quantum computer significantly faster than Google's.

China is at the forefront of quantum computing research with the development of a 504-qubit chip, making it the most powerful in the country, and its computing power will be available to users worldwide via the cloud.

Australia is a leading country in quantum computing research, with significant government investment in the field.

Australia is leading in quantum computing research, with a head start in the 1990s and two major spinoffs, Silicon Quantum Computing and Diraq, pursuing silicon-based quantum computing.

The US and Australia are among the countries leading in quantum computing research, with the US company IonQ pursuing trapped ion quantum computing and the Australian government investing in Quantum Australia.

Quantum computing will change industries such as financial services, healthcare, and those related to climate change.

Quantum computing is likely to change industries such as supply chain management by improving modeling and logistics.

Quantum computing is expected to have a significant impact on the chemical industry by providing the speed and reliability needed to simulate complex chemical reactions, reducing the need for laboratory testing.

Quantum computing is expected to impact industries including finance, transportation, environmental modelling, and health.

"Quantum computing is expected to significantly impact industries such as biochemical pharmaceutical, artificial intelligence, network, and financial technology."

"Google achieved quantum supremacy using its Sycamore quantum processor in 2019."

"Alphabet (GOOGL) demonstrated quantum supremacy with its processor in 2019, marking a significant breakthrough in quantum computing."

Google has demonstrated quantum supremacy using its Sycamore processor.

Google has demonstrated quantum supremacy with its processor, creating a machine with capabilities beyond classical machines.

Google demonstrated quantum supremacy with its 54-qubit Sycamore processor in 2019.

Eternal Mind Inc's quantum computing data center is located in the United States, specifically in Limestone, Maine.

Eternal Mind Inc's quantum computing data center is located in Maine, USA.

Quantum computing faces challenges before it can fully realize its potential.

Quantum computing is being developed by various countries and companies, including Google, Microsoft, IBM, and the Chinese government, with different approaches being explored to overcome the challenges of maintaining qubit stability.

Quantum computing faces several challenges, including the need for extremely low temperatures, poor quantum bit quality, lack of error correction, control difficulties, high costs, and potential security risks.

Finland's first operational quantum computer is a 5-qubit computer, developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and IQM.

The University of Science and Technology of China is a leading institution in the development of quantum computing technologies, having successfully constructed a 255-photon-based prototype quantum computer.

The University of Science and Technology of China is developing quantum computing technologies and has achieved a significant milestone by building the fastest quantum computer in the world.

China is leading in state funding for quantum technologies, with an investment of $15.3 billion in 2022, surpassing Europe and the United States.

China is leading in state funding for quantum technologies, with an estimated $15.2bn public investment announced by the Chinese government.

Companies like Google and IBM are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

Title:

Content: Monday, 25 March 2024 02: 58 GMT
UAE invests in ‘ quantum computing ’ to look to the future
(MENAFN- Al-Bayan)
The UAE is investing in the sector of quantum computing, which is expected to reach a global market value of $1 trillion in 2035, as one of the fastest expanding fields of technology in the world and because of its innovative applications capable of solving challenges in many sectors, because of its strength and speed in calculating physical phenomena, compared to traditional computers.
The UAE aims to invest in quantum computing to enable innovation and a knowledge and sustainable economy through the Quantum Research Center and UAE institutes and universities to explore the future of this vital sector. The Institute of Technology Innovation ’ s (TII) Quantitative Research Center is working to build the first quantum computer in the UAE, according to the Interregional Center for Strategic Analytics in Abu Dhabi.
The UAE has quickly realized the benefits of the quantum computing sector in all sectors and fields, especially in the economy and scientific research, as part of the country ’ s long-term strategies to keep pace with the global technological development represented by the fourth industrial revolution and artificial intelligence, which will change the face of the world in the coming years.
IDC expects global investments in quantum computing to reach $16.4 billion by the end of 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.5%, which includes investments by the public and private sectors and R & D spending from technology, services and finance companies.
There is growing interest in quantum computing by global government agencies, with 14 of them (13 countries plus the European Union) announcing multi-year initiatives that will generate billions of dollars for quantum computing research.
The center said that the UAE is among the 50 projects working to create an attractive investment environment for investments in new and future sectors, including quantum computing technology.
According to Accenture Middle East, quantum computing technology is advancing rapidly, making it a promising technology sector.
The US and China dominate the quantum computing sector to take advantage of the features of the new technological revolution that has enabled scientists to study the basic particles of matter, whose applications have multiplied across different fields despite their relative novelty, promising radical transformations for any industry dependent on speed and processing power, including aerospace, automotive, medicine and others.
Quantum computing technologies have a huge market value, with quantum computing alone expected to reach a global market value of $1 trillion by 2035.
Quantum technology has played a role in many areas, including complex mathematical models, simulations, electronic devices, CT scanners and many others, as it has the potential to revolutionize the way humans communicate and process information at record speeds.
The most prominent areas of use of quantum computing can be found in many fields of military, communications and medicine, and can address economic crises and challenges quickly, and there is no doubt that quantum computing technology can change the map of national industries.
Major technology companies are leading efforts to develop quantum computing, with Google Research Lab and IBM, which built one of the largest quantum computers in the field, and the Chinese University of Science and Technology has developed a quantum computer that is 10 billion times faster than the computer developed by Google.
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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, offering cloud-based quantum computing on major cloud networks.

Title:

Content: Bet on THIS Underrated Quantum Computing Stock for Long-Term Gains

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  • IonQ (IONQ) stands poised for a transformative moment, and early investors are positioned advantageously for this upcoming shift.
  • Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics for functions beyond classic computers’ capabilities.
  • The company exclusively offers cloud-based quantum computing on major cloud networks.

Proposed by Feynman in the 1980s, quantum computing has rapidly evolved, offering unique capabilities beyond classical computers. Shor’s Algorithm, for example, could break modern encryption, while other advancements offer unparalleled benefits.

Promising quantum computing stocks emerge as a niche industry poised for growth, making it an opportune investment. Riding the quantum wave through stocks, particularly in quantum computing, presents substantial potential gains.

IonQ (NYSE:IONQ), a quantum computing firm, showcases captivating technology. Their latest, Forte, boasts 32 qubits. IonQ aims to interconnect these for a modular, scalable design.

The company employs trapped ion qubits, which are exceptionally stable compared to other qubits. Long-term stability is vital for quantum computers’ utility, rendering IonQ a prime contender among potential stock investments.

Underrated Quantum Computing Stock

GeekWire highlighted IonQ’s leading quantum computer, Forte, and its upcoming Seattle-based successor. Quantum computing surpasses today’s AI, offering extraordinary potential.

Real-world quantum computing applications could be closer than expected, according to IonQ’s co-founder Chris Monroe.

IONQ stock rose this year due to its AI-related reputation. However, it’s more than AI hype; the company is a quantum computing pioneer. IonQ even creates human cognition models on quantum hardware, paving the path for improved decision-making imitating human thought.

IONQ Fundamentals

IonQ’s Q1 2023 earnings report shows rapid revenue growth year-over-year, from $2M in Q1 2022 to $4.3M in Q1 2023. However, R&D expenses outpaced these revenue gains, leading to a net loss which surged from $4.2M to $27.3M.

Despite substantial cash and investments, IonQ remains speculative but promising. Quantum computing’s future potential aligns with rapid growth and key technology, making IonQ a top contender in the quantum computing stocks to buy.

In Q2 earnings released on Aug. 10, revenue soared 111% year-over-year to $5.5 million.

New bookings reached $28 million, totaling $32.2 million in 2023. CEO Peter Chapman noted progress towards their revised $49-$56 million annual bookings goal and $100 million cumulative bookings target within IonQ’s first three commercial years (starting 2021).

What Now

IonQ’s global presence is evident in its partnership with QuantumBasel, Switzerland’s premier quantum computing hub. Forbes reports their joint venture entails establishing a European quantum data center and deploying two advanced IonQ quantum computers at QuantumBasel.

Beyond present AI, IonQ advances ultra-powerful quantum computing technology, an often overlooked opportunity for future-facing investors.

IONQ stock looks to be a speculative buy for investors looking for exposure to both the quantum computing sector as well as AI. While the company has a long road ahead, this is a stock that’s sufficiently small that it might generate massive returns over the long-haul for those looking to take the risk.

On the date of publication, Chris MacDonald did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.

Chris MacDonald’s love for investing led him to pursue an MBA in Finance and take on a number of management roles in corporate finance and venture capital over the past 15 years. His experience as a financial analyst in the past, coupled with his fervor for finding undervalued growth opportunities, contribute to his conservative, long-term investing perspective.

Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2023/08/bet-on-this-underrated-quantum-computing-stock-for-long-term-gains/.

©2023 InvestorPlace Media, LLC

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with a focus on creating stable and scalable technology, and is pioneering the creation of human cognition models on quantum hardware.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with rapid revenue growth and significant advancements in the field.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with a global presence and partnerships with prominent quantum computing hubs, indicating a strong position in the field.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Google, IBM, and the Chinese University of Science and Technology are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, offering cloud-based quantum computing on major cloud networks, and is poised for a transformative moment.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

IonQ is a leading company in quantum computing development, with a focus on creating stable and scalable technology, making them a prime contender in the field.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

"IBM is a leading company in quantum computing development, with one of the world's largest quantum computers."

Title:

Content: Chandeliers, ‘qubits’ and Schrödinger’s cat: Inside the bizarre world of quantum computing

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Chandeliers, ‘qubits’ and Schrödinger’s cat: Inside the bizarre world of quantum computing

In the quantum realm, the laws of physics are different. Now its mind-bending tech could soon transform our lives. How does it work?

It was 2009, and a group of scientists had crowded around a tiny monitor in a Sydney physics laboratory. The team, led by electrical engineer Andrea Morello, held their collective breath and peered at a single flat line on the screen. Then, in the blink of an eye, the line changed: it was a series of blips, like a heartbeat. They’d hit paydirt. “When you see that symbol, you’re in the game,” recalls physicist Charles Tahan.

Welcome to the quantum world, a subatomic realm – yes, smaller than an atom – where the laws of physics are, well, different. The experiment made Morello and his team the first in the world to show that a quantum computer could be made using not diamonds, not the superconductor niobium, but everyday silicon. “To show you could do that, 100 different things had to go right,” says Tahan.

Quantum computing is one of the key technologies defining this century. Its proponents say it will do for computers what the car did to the horse and buggy. It will upend encryption and molecular biology. In theory, it could even possibly find cures for cancer. Australia is among the world leaders in a quantum computing gold rush, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese saying his government is “serious about building a strong quantum ecosystem” and investing nearly a billion dollars.

Yet despite eye-watering outlays worldwide, quantum computing is still in its infancy, part of a mind-bending world that physicists are only beginning to fully grasp. What is it? And how will it make a difference to our lives?

How does a quantum computer work (and why did Alice in Wonderland have the jump on it?)

It’s often remarked that it looks like a beautiful chandelier, or a wedding cake. And IBM’s quantum computer, one of the world’s largest, is certainly an intriguing object, an intricate dome of golden wires and graceful tubes suspended from a ceiling.

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The part we can see, though, is really just the control and support system for a microchip (currently a version called Condor) buried deep inside. The glittering exoskeleton is there to keep its tiny heart as cold as possible – a hundred times colder than the coldest depths of space – and to feed information in and out, the process that makes it a “computer” and not just a science experiment.

The chip itself is smaller than a postage stamp, with several layers of circuitry and metal sandwiched in a tiny square, cooled to improve conductivity and to eliminate “noise”, the bugbear of many such devices. But even what we see here is not where the action happens. For that, we have to go deeper still, down into the chip and well beyond what’s visible through even the most powerful microscope, beyond the layers of individual atoms, into the atoms themselves.

‘The truth is the universe doesn’t run by the rules that we see every day – gravity, you bounce a ball and it falls. It runs on these other rules: quantum mechanics.’

In the subatomic realm of electrons, protons and photons, things happen very differently. Indeed, these tiny particles have no use for Newton’s laws of physics, nor even many of Einstein’s. “The truth,” says Tahan, “is the universe doesn’t run by the rules that we see every day – gravity, you bounce a ball and it falls. It runs on these other rules: quantum mechanics.”

Why these particles behave as they do in the quantum realm is a difficult concept to get your head around. Even Einstein resisted aspects of it, famously arguing that “God does not play dice with the Universe”. It was a misstep. “Because he didn’t believe in the completeness of quantum mechanics,” says Morello, “he lost a lot of productive years because he didn’t understand how it is possible that this thing is true.”

Many leading physicists investigated the concept from the early 1900s, including some familiar from popular culture today, notably Einstein and Neils Bohr (portrayed in Oppenheimer), Werner Heisenberg (whose name Walter White stole for his drug-chemist alter ego in Breaking Bad) and Viennese physicist Erwin Schrödinger, of the famous cat experiment (explained below).

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Lewis Carroll, meanwhile, may have had the jump on quantum physics with his ideas in the Alice books, as James Renner observed in The Wall Street Journal in 2015. “We speak of going down the wormhole into a mysterious world that defies Newtonian physics, where once Alice went down the rabbit hole into a mysterious world that had much the same effect. Now we speak of quantum particles being in two places at once or even Schrödinger’s cat being alive and dead at the same time, long after the Cheshire Cat’s grin was magically displaced from its body.”

The quantum realm has only truly begun to reveal itself to us relatively recently. In 1964, the Irish-born physicist John Bell published one of the most important theorems, which, according to Professor Andrew Whitaker in Physics World, “opened up the possibility of experimental philosophy, the study of what are normally thought of as philosophical issues in experiments. Not only do these experiments probe the deepest and most profound aspects of quantum theory, they also provide information on the fundamental nature of the universe.”

At the time, Bell’s theorem could not be tested in a lab. That would come in the late 1960s and early 1970s when experimentalists such as John Clauser began to show that the weirdness Bell had described on paper actually occurred in the real world. Which, at the time, was considered quite rude. One eminent physicist “was highly offended by my impertinent effort and told me that it was tantamount to professing a disbelief in quantum physics,” Clauser later recalled.

He and other apostates continued their work because he found some of the predictions “sufficiently bizarre that I could not accept them without seeing experimental proof”. Working with leftover lab equipment – “physics department scrap” – he went on to provide experimental evidence that refuted even Einstein’s theories. “I was very sad to see that my own experiment had proven Einstein wrong,” he said. Clauser would go on to win the 2022 Nobel Prize for Physics alongside Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger for their groundbreaking experiments with so-called “entangled” particles.

Quantum physicists still despair at the difficulties of explaining their weird world to outsiders. “Many writers fall back on boilerplate that makes physicists howl in agony,” wrote computer scientist Scott Aaronson in The New York Times in 2019. Unfortunately, says Gerard Milburn, a quantum physicist from the University of Queensland, “The quantum world lies beyond the reach of natural language.”

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But we’ll give it a go. Chiefly, particles in the quantum realm aren’t tied down to being in one place or state in the way bigger things are in the outside world, such as cats, which tend to be in one place at once. They obey different rules entirely. The first way to understand this oddness harks back to high-school science and how light can behave as both a particle and a wave. Photons – bursts of light – can act like ball bearings, with position and momentum. Yet light also behaves like a wave washing over a beach in a way that a ball bearing can’t. That’s a quantum physics party trick.

What is Schrödinger’s cat?

The most famous primer for quantum mechanics is the paradox of Schrödinger’s cat, a mind experiment devised by Schrödinger in 1935. A hypothetical cat goes into a box with a vial of poison gas, which has a 50-50 chance of killing it. You close the box and can’t see inside. So, without opening the box, you can’t know whether the poison has killed the cat or not. Therefore, posited Schrödinger, puss is neither dead nor alive but both – until you open the box.

In quantum mechanics, this state is called “superposition”. It’s impossible to describe properly without a background in higher-level mathematics, which we lack, but it generally means not knowing whether, say, an electron is over here, or over there, or – cat-like – in both places at the same time. Another way of looking at it is to visualise a coin spinning on its side. Until it stops and lands on one side or another, it’s not heads or tails but both.

At least, kind of.

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“Every explanation we give in lay terms is in some way wrong,” says Stephen Bartlett, a theoretical quantum physicist and director of the University of Sydney Nano Institute. “People often say a quantum superposition is in the value zero and the value one at the same time. That’s sort of right, and sort of not right.” Says Morello: “This is where language is failing us, right? If you’re trying to say that in plain English, it sounds really weird. But if you actually think about, you know, the mathematics of it, and the actual physical embodiment of that, it actually makes perfect sense.” Suffice to say, a real cat cannot find itself in “superposition”: this is a state that can exist only in the subatomic world.

How is this useful (and what’s a qubit)?

In a conventional computer, information is encoded as voltages that pass around the system thanks to millions of tiny transistors – essentially, gates or switches that turn on and off. A quantum computer is similar except that instead of using transistors as switches it uses subatomic particles, such as electrons or photons, that can have many more states than simply on or off, according to their position, momentum, spin direction and polarisation. Once harnessed – and there are many ways of doing that – these particles-as-switches are called “qubits”, a play on the word “bit”, the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store.

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Information can be encoded on qubits in various ways: for his computers, Morello uses silicon and strong magnetic fields like those found in MRI machines. “The stuff that I build in my lab is actually a small silicon chip the size of a fingernail,” he says, “but the whole infrastructure around it is quite fancy. It’s a very powerful refrigerator that cools down the chip to [just] above absolute zero.

Critically, qubits can relate to other qubits in a state called “entanglement”. This enables quantum computers to perform multiple calculations simultaneously – which is their superpower. Schrödinger described entanglement as “the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from classical lines of thought”. Sceptical Einstein called entanglement “spooky action at a distance”. Gerard Milburn says entanglement is great for building a computer “because if you want to have all these switches, having them strongly correlated is exactly what you want. And if you can control those correlations, you can do computation.”

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It’s these characteristics that have scientists and engineers excited. Not because quantum computers will necessarily take over from the conventional miracles we so rely on today but because they can do some particular things that transistor-based machines either struggle with or fail at completely. Today’s supercomputer might try to simulate molecular behaviour with “brute force”, says IBM’s quantum department. “But as it moves past the simplest, most straightforward molecules available, the supercomputer stalls. Quantum algorithms take a new approach to these sorts of complex problems, creating multidimensional computational spaces.”

‘Calculations that are completely impossible … would rapidly become possible on a quantum computer.’

This might include modelling how a drug might affect a virus, how new materials in aeroplanes might react to stress, or the exact process necessary to create a perfect chemical reaction.

“Calculations that are completely impossible – not just on present-day conventional computers but any conceivable future conventional computer – would rapidly become possible on a quantum computer,” says Andrew Doherty, professor of physics at Sydney University. “These are things where the application of that computer would be transformative to people’s lives without every home, you know, having a laptop quantum computer.”

Whether quantum computing will also revolutionise artificial intelligence is less certain. AI works by drawing from a huge amount of data, which is not something that naturally fits on a quantum computer, says Morello. “The problem with quantum computers in general and, in particular, with applications to AI is that loading data into them and reading data out of them is slow and cumbersome and prone to errors. It’s a bottleneck.”

Why is it so hard to build quantum machines?

Creating the qubits is hard, whatever material you start with. Interfacing with them via tiny wires like the golden lattice in IBM’s machines is hard. Getting accurate information from them is hard: “noise”, in the form of vibration or spurious electromagnetic signals, makes them behave badly and give poor results – “decoherence”, in physics speak.

Much of Andrew Doherty’s team’s work these days is in figuring out how to reduce this noise to acceptable levels and compensating for the errors that noise produces. “Compared to our conventional computers, quantum technology [computers] are very noisy devices,” he says. “They go wrong one time in 1000 as opposed to one time in an astronomically huge number of uses of [normal computers].”

Teams around the world are working on multiple approaches both to building the machines and compensating for their eccentricities, from labs in Australia to the tech giants Google, Microsoft and IBM – its Quantum Lab relies on superconducting qubits made from aluminium and niobiumand the Chinese government.

Some versions, such as IBM’s and Morello’s, chill the atoms to keep them as stable as possible. In contrast, the Australian company Quantum Brilliance is working with synthetic diamonds because they work at room temperature. “Unlike other materials,” says co-founder Marcus Doherty (no relation to Andrew), “diamond’s incredible hardness means that even at room temperature, there isn’t enough thermal energy in the environment to create vibrations that destroy the quantum properties of qubits.”

‘People are working really hard to try to find different mathematical problems that they think maybe quantum computers can’t crack.’

Another key moment in the quantum timeline came in 1994 when US mathematician Peter Shor showed that a quantum computer could crack encryption standards safeguarding everything from national intelligence systems to bank accounts. “He devised an algorithm, in theory, that he would need to run on a quantum computer,” says Bartlett. “And if you could build a quantum computer of sufficient size, then yeah, all information security falls apart.” Cybersecurity experts call that scenario Q-Day. “At the moment, people are working really hard to try to find different mathematical problems that they think maybe quantum computers can’t crack,” says Bartlett.

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In 2001, IBM made a seven-qubit device controlled through radio frequency pulses to demonstrate Shor’s Theorem. IBM’s prototype wasn’t given a huge task, managing to calculate that three times five was … wait for it ... 15. Yet this was considered a great success, even if it had shades of the famous supercomputer Deep Thought from Douglas Adams’ Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, which ponders the question of “life, the universe and everything” for thousands of years before giving the answer: 42.(Adams also dreamed up the Infinite Improbability Drive for a spaceship called the Heart of Gold, which used quantum theory to allow it to cross through every point in the universe simultaneously, allowing interstellar travel without all that “tedious mucking about in hyperspace”.)

Then, in 2019, Google claimed its 54-qubit Sycamore processor had performed a calculation in 200 seconds that would have taken the world’s most powerful supercomputer 10,000 years – a breakthrough some breathlessly likened to the Wright brothers’ first flight in 1903. Others were more sceptical, saying it would be many more years before quantum computers would have enough qubits – and be stable enough – to do anything actually useful. IBM said it could simulate Google’s experiment in two-and-a-half days on a “normal” computer, albeit if it had access to the Oak Ridge Summit supercomputer, a beast occupying an area the size of two basketball courts. IBM’s shimmering Eagle, meanwhile, had just 127 qubits; its successors, Osprey and now Condor, have pushed the bar to over 1000 and it plans for 1386 qubits in its Kookaburra in 2025.

Yet most of these devices are still basically proofs of concept, says Morello, the first step to manufacturing and miniaturising, as we saw with today’s transistor-based computers, which started out as rooms full of valves and cables. In the post-World War II era, says Andrew Doherty, “computers took up office floors of buildings in Manhattan and people put paper cards into them to program them. Out came numbers that even my childhood pocket calculator could have calculated right.” Many hundreds of billions of dollars have gone into developing computer technology, in packaging it for convenience and getting the components to work reliably, he says. “That whole engineering thing has got to grow up around these quantum technologies.”

Already, Marcus Doherty’s Quantum Brilliance has installed a quantum computer at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Perth and is about to export computers, at this stage for customers to experiment with quantum computing and work out how to make it useful. In the future, finding commercial applications for a quantum computer will require tailoring it, at least initially, says UNSW’s Maja Cassidy, a former quantum researcher for Microsoft. “People have to go in and understand a company’s problem, how they’re using classical computing and … work out what section might be enhanced by the quantum computer.”

Who is leading the quantum race?

China is the only other nation giving the United States a run for its money. Its leader, Xi Jinping, put accelerating quantum technology in his 2021 five-year plan. McKinsey & Company estimates China has spent at least $15.3 billion in public funds on quantum research. That partly came to fruition in April with the Chinese Academy of Science’s unveiling of a 504-qubit chip, still half the size of IBM’s biggest.

For its part, Australia got a head start with quantum research in the 1990s. Today, two major spinoffs from UNSW research are pursuing silicon-based quantum computing: Silicon Quantum Computing (SQC), led by Professor Michelle Simmons, and Diraq, led by Professor Andrew Dzurak. SQC’s approach involves embedding phosphorus atoms within a wafer of silicon. Dzurak’s approach involves trapping electrons on silicon transistors. Both have the advantage of silicon chips already being ubiquitous. “Today, in our phones and our laptops, the silicon chips that are in those have upwards of a billion transistors on them,” says Dzurak. “The benefit of the technology that we’ve developed is that we are also able to get millions, and ultimately billions, of quantum bits onto a single silicon chip.”

‘Computers as we know them today are an absolutely mind-blowing achievement. So any technology that has the ambition of being an alternative or being better than that has a phenomenally high bar to clear.’

Other leading players in Australia include Q-CTRL, which is working on controlling and enhancing quantum hardware; quantum security company QuintessenceLabs; and Doherty’s Quantum Brilliance, which used its synthetic diamonds in the world-first integration of a two-qubit quantum device into a supercomputer at room temperature in 2022.

Meanwhile, out of the University of Queensland came early gains in “photonic” quantum computing, which harnesses particles of light – photons – as qubits. In April, the federal and Queensland governments jointly set aside $940 million in share purchases, grants and loans for PsiQuantum, a Silicon Valley company whose founders include Australian professors Jeremy O’Brien and Terry Rudolph. Unlike ions or electrons, photons are not charged, Bartlett says, so are not sent haywire by electromagnetic forces – but they are hard to manipulate and measure.

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Another approach involves “trapped ion” quantum computing, pursued by US company IonQ: physicists take an atom, flick off an electron so it is positively charged, then suspend the resulting ion within an electromagnetic field and manipulate the ion with lasers. But Bartlett says this approach will be hard to scale, given the technology to suspend millions of ion qubits doesn’t yet exist.

In April, the federal government also announced $18 million for the University of Sydney to establish Quantum Australia, a research consortium between several universities headed by Bartlett. “It used to be a small research community,” he says. “You absolutely needed to speak the common language of everyone else, which were the rules of physics. Now we are really seeing quite a bit of specialisation.”

Even if quantum computers develop practical uses, they will likely live in vast, super-cooled server farms where land and power are cheap. We’ll communicate with them through our everyday devices, much as we download and upload data from cloud servers, Netflix, TikTok, DropBox, whatever, today. The real challenge for quantum computing, says Morello, is that the alternative is “really, really good”. “Computers as we know them today are an absolutely mind-blowing achievement. So any technology that has the ambition of being an alternative or being better than that has a phenomenally high bar to clear.”

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

IBM's world's first integrated quantum computing system, IBM Quantum System One

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

20-qubit "IBM Q System One"
IBM's 65-qubit Hummingbird
IBM's Eagle
IBM's 1,121 Quantum Condor

IBM is currently leading in quantum computing development, with significant advancements in hardware and software capabilities, including updates to their Qiskit software stack.

Title:

Content: IBM’s Quantum Computing Moves Could Put Industrial Space in Demand

IBM's quantum computing advancements and industrial collaborations are set to boost demand for specialized industrial spaces, transforming sectors like materials science and supply chain logistics.

IBM’s aggressive expansion in quantum computing is set to significantly impact various industries, potentially increasing the demand for industrial space. The company has been at the forefront of quantum research and development, advancing both its hardware and software capabilities. IBM’s recent developments in their Qiskit software stack, which includes over 100 updates, are aimed at enhancing the performance and usability of quantum circuits. These advancements are crucial for the optimization and execution of quantum algorithms, making them more accessible and practical for industrial applications.

Key Partnerships and Industrial Applications

IBM has partnered with major industry players to explore practical applications of quantum computing. For instance, Bosch has joined forces with IBM to utilize quantum computing for materials science research. This collaboration aims to develop new materials for applications such as electromobility and renewable energy, areas where classical computers fall short. The potential to design materials with higher energy efficiency and reduced resource consumption could revolutionize these sectors.

Impact on Supply Chain and Logistics

Quantum computing is poised to transform supply chain management by enhancing modeling capabilities. The complexity of supply chain models, which involve numerous variables, can be better managed with quantum computing. This technology promises to optimize logistics, improve data sharing security, and facilitate digital twin simulations. IBM’s quantum advancements could thus lead to more efficient and resilient supply chains, further driving the demand for industrial space to house these advanced computing facilities.

The Future of Quantum Computing

IBM’s roadmap includes the development of a 4,000-qubit system by 2025, which underscores the company’s commitment to scaling quantum computing capabilities. This modular architecture will enable the integration of quantum and classical computing resources, opening new frontiers in high-performance computing. As these systems become operational, industries will increasingly require specialized facilities to host and manage these advanced quantum computers, driving a surge in demand for industrial real estate.

About the author

Vishal Jain

Vishal’s reviews provide a comprehensive look at the latest software and apps in the market. His hands-on approach and detailed analysis help readers make informed decisions about the tools they use daily.

What are important areas in quantum research?

implementations of quantum processors
development of high-level software

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The United States and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, leveraging its potential to transform various industries.

"The leading countries in quantum computing development include the United States (with companies like Google and IBM) and China (with institutions like the Chinese University of Science and Technology), which are investing heavily in the field and achieving significant successes."

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development with the creation of a 504-qubit quantum computer, making it the most productive in the country and accessible to global users via the cloud.

Title:

Content: China gives users cloud access to 504 qubit quantum computer
Digital and Social Media
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Copy Link https: / / www.rt.com / xfrn
China Telecom Quantum Group and QuantumCTek will develop a quantum computer based on a new 504-qubit chip.
Qubits are the basic unit of information in quantum processors and quantum computing.
According to Xinhua, the quantum computer will become the most productive in China, and its computing power will be available via the cloud to a wide range of users around the world.
The superconducting chip, called Xiaohong, developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences ’ Innovative Research Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, will become the most powerful in China, capable of performing kilocopit measurements, the agency said.
The developer team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences said the chip's technical specifications will compete with international advanced developments in quantum computers.
China Telecom Quantum Group deputy general manager Fan Zhang said the chip will enable users in various fields to conduct research on problems and algorithms of practical importance and accelerate the implementation of quantum computing in practice.
He added that his company will develop on the basis of the new chip the local quantum computer and through its own cloud platform will provide foreign users with access to its computing power.
In November 2019, Rosatom announced the launch of a project to develop a local quantum computer.
The cost of the project is estimated at 24 billion rubles.
In order to realize the project, the National Quantum Laboratory was established in 2020, which included JV Kvant, the Russian Quantum Center and 19 leading universities in the country.
Source: TASS
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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The United States and China are leading in quantum computing development, with the United States having a clear advantage and China ranking first in quantum information patents and having a large scale of quantum communication applications.

Title:

Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
Five areas will become the forefront of future industrial innovation
September 10, 2023 08: 28 | Source: Guangming Daily
Small number
Original title: Five major areas will become the forefront of future industrial innovation
A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation have accelerated development, and new disruptive technologies have emerged. On September 9, the results conference of the Pujiang Innovation Forum was held in Shanghai.
At the meeting, the report "Frontier Areas of Future Industrial Innovation" jointly compiled by the China Institute of Science and Technology Information and the Shanghai Institute of Science and Technology was officially released.
Based on multi-dimensional analysis of scientific and technological information such as national and regional science and technology policy and R & D investment, papers and patents, expert opinions and academic conference materials, the report selects five frontier areas of future industrial innovation - brain chips, quantum information, synthetic biology, green hydrogen production and blockchain.
Brain chips: rapid development in the past 10 years
The brain-like chip is a new type of computing chip developed by drawing on the information processing mechanism of the human brain, which has developed rapidly in the past 10 years.
The report pointed out that brain-like chips entered a period of rapid growth from 2013 to 2016, and entered a period of rapid growth after 2016. Before 2013, the number of global papers on brain-like chips was less than 500, rising to 1,000 in 2016, and nearly 4,000 in 2022.
The number of patent applications for brain-like chips also rose sharply after 2015, from less than 300 in 2015 to more than 2,600 in 2021.
From a national point of view, the United States is the leading country in the research and application of brain chips in the world; Switzerland is the initiator of neuromorphic chips, and its academic influence is large; China's brain chip research started late, but in 2016, it entered a period of rapid growth with the United States.
At present, China ranks first in the world in the number of basic research and technological research and development achievements in this field, but there are still problems such as low academic influence, and gaps between research quality and top institutions.
Liu Qiyan, deputy director of the China Institute of Science and Technology Information, said at the press conference that brain-like chips are the foundation and pioneer of the development of artificial intelligence industry, and are still in the stage of laboratory exploration, and there are still many technical bottlenecks such as theoretical modeling, power consumption reduction, integration of sensing and calculation, and efficient sensing.
Brain chips integrate knowledge of brain science, computational neuroscience, cognitive science, statistical physics and other disciplines, and it is necessary to fully mobilize experts in relevant fields to participate and strengthen interdisciplinary.
Quantum information: fierce competition among innovation powers
Quantum information is a subject formed by the intersection of quantum mechanics and informatics.
The report shows that in the field of quantum information, the competition of innovative countries is fierce, and the number of basic research and technological research and development achievements continues to increase.
The United States has a clear advantage in quantum computing and quantum measurement.
China's current number of quantum information patents ranks first in the world, the number of papers is second only to the United States, and the scale of quantum communication applications and industrial development are in the leading position in the world, but the level of research and application in the field of quantum computing and quantum measurement is still a certain gap compared with the United States.
In the field of subdivision, quantum computing has the largest industrial influence and is the focus of attention in the field of quantum information.
The future direction of quantum communication is to build quantum information networks based on key technologies such as quantum teleportation, storage relay and conversion.
The report pointed out that the cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements of quantum information are still in the period of exploration and research, and need to carry out in-depth proof of concept, the technology maturity is not high, and there are many difficulties in transferring and transforming.
Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the communication and collaborative innovation of all parties in the field of quantum information, and organically combine academic forces with industrial resources.
Synthetic biology: the need for continued policy support
Synthetic biology, a new branch of biological science, is an artificial biological system research based on genetic engineering and engineering methods of systems biology.
The report pointed out that in the field of synthetic biology, the United States belongs to the first echelon, and China, Japan and the United Kingdom belong to the second echelon.
From a global point of view, the research of synthetic biology has formed a relatively fixed academic cooperation circle, and the geographical relationship has a greater impact in the cooperation of scientific and technological innovation.
Liu Qiyan said that the development of synthetic biology is still at an early stage and requires continued policy support.
At present, the development of the entire industry still lacks a medium- and long-term clear development plan.
In terms of subdivision, the upstream tool layer is the foundation and key of the synthetic biology technology system, and the competition barriers are high, and the digitalization and artificial intelligence of the midstream are crucial for the rational design of life systems, and technological innovation is difficult.
Solving the problem of large-scale production is the only way to realize the commercialization of synthetic biology products.
In addition, synthetic biology research requires a convergence of disciplines such as life sciences, engineering, informatics, physics and chemistry.
Ethical controversies, biosafety and effective regulation also need to be explored.
Green hydrogen production: renewable energy electrolytic water hydrogen production is the focus
In the field of new energy, green hydrogen production has received much attention in recent years.
According to the report, the use of solar energy, wind energy, ocean energy, water energy and other power generation and then electrolytic water to produce hydrogen, resulting in hydrogen energy, is the focus of green hydrogen production, in the commercial will be able to compete with coal, oil and other fossil energy, but there are still material costs, catalyst activity, gas diffusion layer and other technical challenges.
On the research and development route, China, the United States, Germany, Canada, India and the United Kingdom focus on proton exchange membrane electrolytic water technology; South Korea, Italy and Japan focus on alkaline electrolytic water technology; France focuses on solid oxide electrolytic water.
From the perspective of international competition, in the green hydrogen production, Japan's technology research and development patents ranked first in the world, with an absolute advantage.
China ’ s patent application volume is second only to Japan, but it lacks a global layout.
Among the top 20 R & D institutions in the world, Japan has 15, and all are enterprises.
China has three institutions, but only one company is Huaneng Group.
China's research and development force is still dominated by universities and research institutes, which is easy to cause industrial demand and R & D direction disconnect, and R & D results are not easily converted into products.
Blockchain: China 's R & D level is leading the world
Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed database, which is an innovative application model of distributed data storage, multi-center peer-to-peer transmission, consensus mechanism and encryption algorithm in the Internet era.
Blockchain has been used in many industries such as global finance, logistics and transportation, and healthcare.
In the future, with the maturity of technology and the improvement of cognition, it is expected that more industries will begin to explore and adopt blockchain technology.
As blockchain applications increase, personal privacy and authentication issues become more important.
In terms of scientific and technological innovation, global innovation powers cooperate closely in basic research in the field of blockchain, and nearly half of the papers are completed by cooperation between multiple countries or regions.
Among them, the frequent cooperation between China and the United States is the first.
At present, the research and development of blockchain technology is mainly concentrated in the upstream data layer, the contract layer, and the downstream financial field.
China has an absolute advantage in the number of papers and patents at the upper, middle and lower levels, which is especially reflected in the alliance chain, consensus layer in basic research, and the alliance chain in technology research and development, logistics and transportation.
It can be seen that China is leading the world in basic research and technology research and development in the field of blockchain.
(This newspaper Shanghai September 9, our reporter Yang Shu, Yan Weiqi, Meng Xindi)
(Editor: Hao Shuai, Yang Di)
Public Number ： People 's Network Finance
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Countries leading in quantum computing development include Australia, the United States (with companies like Google, Microsoft, and IBM), and China, with various approaches being explored.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

The US and China are leading countries in quantum computing, with the UAE also investing in the sector.

China is a leading country in quantum computing, with the development of a 504-qubit quantum computer and plans to make its computing power available to users worldwide.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The United States and China are investing heavily in quantum computing, with the United States having a clear advantage in the field and China leading in patents and industrial development.

China and the United States are investing heavily in quantum computing, with China spending an estimated $15.3 billion in public funds on quantum research.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

"China is currently the leader in investing in quantum computing, with $15.3 billion in government funding, and other countries are also allocating increasing budgets for research in this field."

Title:

Content: Investments in quantum computing startups reached $2.35 billion in 2022
Quantum technologies have great potential for both science and business, and attract large investments in different countries of the world, including Russia.
This is stated in the analytical report "Quantum Computing: Prospects for Business", which was prepared jointly with the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "VNIIA named after N.L. Dukhov" and the Institute of Artificial Intelligence AIRI.
“Increasing attention in the world is paid to supporting start-ups in the field of quantum technologies.
In 2022, venture investors around the world invested $2.35 billion in them.
Also last year, almost 1,600 patents were issued and published in all subfields of quantum computing: from physical implementations of quantum equipment and error correction to AI [artificial intelligence] and machine learning.
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Leading countries, realizing the breakthrough potential of this direction, include quantum technologies in national programs and allocate increasing budgets for research.
The leader is China with $15.3 billion in government funding.
Development programs have the leading technological corporations of the world.
So, which has made a quantum processor for 433 qubits [qubit or quantum bit - the main unit of information in quantum processors and quantum computing], plans this year to increase the number of qubits to 1121, and intends to show a device for a thousand qubits after 2025.
The intention to develop a full stack of technologies for quantum computing announced and has already released to the market quantum chips on spin qubits.
In Russia, work on quantum computing is underway on four key physical platforms: superconducting qubits, photonic circuits, neutral atoms, and trapped ions.
The Russian Federation has also formed a pool of organizations, including companies, scientific institutions and universities that conduct research and development, study the applicability of quantum computing to practical tasks.
“Quantum computing can give the world an impetus to the development of new industries based on the processing of big data.
In addition, they can improve the performance and efficiency of artificial intelligence algorithms, the accuracy of models and simulations of complex systems (such as molecules of new drugs, chemical reactions or physical processes), as well as provide a new level of calculations in finance and logistics, new solutions to climate problems and cryptographic algorithms that will provide a higher level of security.
The authors of the report come to the conclusion that although no one in the world has been able to demonstrate practical quantum superiority, nevertheless, companies should plan today what will happen after its achievement.
Quantum computing is able to integrate seamlessly into data processing workflows, using adaptation tools for popular programming languages and interfaces.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The US and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, with the UAE also making efforts to create an attractive investment environment for the technology.

Companies like Google and IBM, as well as the Chinese University of Science and Technology, are leading in quantum computing development, with significant advancements in building large-scale quantum computers.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

IBM's world's first integrated quantum computing system, IBM Quantum System One

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development, with the creation of a 504-qubit chip and a quantum computer that will be made available to users worldwide via the cloud.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The United States and China are leading countries in quantum computing development, with the United States having a clear advantage in quantum computing and quantum measurement, and China leading in quantum communication applications and industrial development.

Amazon's AWS is a leading company in quantum computing development, with the establishment of the Amazon Center for Quantum Networking (CQN) to promote research in quantum science and engineering.

Title:

Content: AWS Announces Quantum Network Center to Grab Quantum Computing Business Opportunities
Quantum computing has become a new field for technology giants, and AWS, a subsidiary of Amazon (AWS-US), recently announced the establishment of the Amazon Center for Quantum Networking (CQN) to further promote research in quantum science and engineering, while planning to develop new hardware, software and applications for quantum networks.
AWS Quantum Network Center will be a new milestone in the field of quantum computing after Amazon Braket and AWS Quantum Solutions Laboratory, AWS also expects quantum computers to bring disruptive changes to science and technology in the future, observing that major government agencies and technology companies have invested heavily in research and development of quantum computers in the past decade and more, and quantum computers have made great progress.
AWS further notes that quantum computing in quantum technology remains an important area for researchers around the world to actively invest in, as it is necessary to connect quantum devices into a quantum network to unlock the full potential of quantum devices, which are still in the early stages of development.
Looking to the future, AWS believes that there are still many challenges before quantum networks and quantum computers can fully realize their potential, AWS will continue to invest in quantum research, technical personnel development, and hope that the AWS Quantum Network Center will further promote the capabilities of quantum networks in privacy, security, and computing, and bring quantum computing closer to customers.
Looking at the global layout of quantum computer applications, including IBM (IBM-US), Google (GOOGL-US) and other major international manufacturers are not absent, Taiwan factories including TSM-US (2330-TW) (TSM-US), Honghai (2317-TW), Quanta (2382-TW) and so on. The industry and academia have jointly established a quantum national team to strive to establish a quantum technology industry chain in Taiwan by 2030.
Extended reading

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is the country investing heavily in quantum computing.

Title:

Content: US-China technology war threatens scientific progress
US-China technology war threatens scientific progress
The world is currently witnessing an escalating technological war between the United States and China, while Europe is also participating in it, but only timidly, as its efforts to maintain technological supremacy decline due to stagnation in this area.
As the major powers in that war seek to protect themselves from technological dependency, it could threaten the world ’ s progress and prosperity by fragmenting it into competing technological worlds.
Hiba Muhyi
German writer Wolfgang Hearn published a book in 2024 entitled “The Technological War between China and the United States and the European Position on Competition ”, in which he discusses the historical role of these major powers in supporting the march of technological progress, and the most important technological fields that are grappling with, especially quantum computing, artificial intelligence, biotechnology and others, as well as the dangers of this conflict and the feasibility of cooperation between powers in the technological field.
The book traces the knowledge and technological contributions of the United States, China and Europe, noting that Washington established modern global technological development when the Second Industrial Revolution began with the discovery of electricity and the Third Industrial Revolution with the introduction of computers.
This was followed by innovations such as the Internet and electronic chips.
According to a report published by the Future Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, this American success is due to the availability of elements of knowledge (universities and research bodies) and capital.
China contributed to historical technological development during the period (960 – 1279 AD) through the invention of paper, printing art, powder gunpowder and magnetic compass, followed by a rapid decline due to, inter alia, the Opium Wars, the end of the Empire, and civil wars, until China intensified efforts to achieve a slow recovery beginning in 1978, and then a strong rise during the last two decades.
Europe experienced the first industrial revolution a hundred years ago, as it pioneered natural sciences and medicine at the time, but there is now a marked decline in several technological areas when compared to Beijing and Washington, and this affected leading European industries, such as the automotive industry; where leading companies, such as Volkswagen, lag in the areas of autonomous and automated driving.
The book offers several technological areas in which conflicts between major powers arise, as follows:
Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence applications aim to simulate the human mind in its patterns of thinking and processing of data, which makes the performance of complex tasks entrusted to it.
The United States provides support to companies involved in this field, resulting in the launch of ChatGT in 2022, which can be used to obtain high-quality and accurate answers on various topics.
China has banned the app and created its latest emulator, Ernie Bot, which was launched in 2023.
European efforts to invest in artificial intelligence appeared disappointing, with the German minister of research presenting a plan of action aimed at investing about 1.6 billion euros by 2025 in the field.
Semiconductors or electronic chips are used in various low-tech devices, from washing machines to missiles, a US invention that emerged in the 1950s, but two companies currently monopolize the field: Samsung in South Korea and TSMC in Taiwan, and Beijing, Washington and Europe cannot compete, at least in the near term.
Digital transformation: Digital transformation aims to embed technological technologies into business and social processes and interactions.
Washington and Beijing dominate this area, the first is the main founder of the four Internet giants Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon, while the second contributed three rival giants, namely: Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent, while Europe is at the bottom of the list of leading companies such as: Zalando and Otto.
Quantum computing and quantum theory: The field of quantum computing is based on combining disciplines, such as computer science, physics and mathematics, using quantum theory to achieve sophisticated analytical processing of data that ordinary computers cannot process with the same speed and accuracy.
This contributes to breakthroughs in many fields, such as medicine, by making it possible to diagnose and treat diseases cheaply such as Alzheimer ’ s, epilepsy and Parkinson ’ s.
It also alters war strategies by creating a radar based on quantum technologies that can track and locate an adversary.
China tops the list of investors in this new technology.
According to U.S. consulting firm McKinsey, Chinese investment reached $15.3 billion in 2022.
It was followed by Europe with $7.2 billion and the United States with $3.7 billion.
• Energy generation: States are seeking to exploit technology to provide promising and safe ways to generate energy from it, nuclear fusion (the production of an artificial sun), which is based on the idea of merging two light atomic nuclei of hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium to produce one heavier atomic nucleus of a new element, helium, as happens on the surface of the sun.
This fusion is accompanied by the emission of four times the amount of energy produced by nuclear fission reactions.
However, there are obstacles to the actual implementation of this technology, such as the need to provide high temperatures of up to 100 million degrees Celsius to ensure that no long-term greenhouse gases or radioactive waste is produced.
Despite the difficulty of using fusion in power generation in the near future until 2050, countries are sparing no effort to develop this technology; China has developed several nuclear fusion reactors, the latest of which is the advanced experimental Tokamak designed to provide temperatures of up to 120 million degrees Celsius in 2022.
The United States is also interested in supporting related research and partnering with Japan this year to accelerate nuclear fusion development.
Europe is also making concrete efforts in this area through the joint European-Japanese project JT-60SA in 2022.
Biotechnology and medicine: applications of digital health care, genetic foods, and genetic scissors (Chris BR), which refers to a technique used to cut and modify DNA in a targeted way; genes can be inserted, removed, or disabled, whether in plants, animals, or humans; making its use ethically accountable, especially if applied to humans.
China uses it in agriculture to ensure the production of genetic foods and provide needed food for its people, while the United States approved the first treatment for sickle cell disease late last year, and the use of the technology in Europe faces strict legal rules according to the judgment of the European Court of Justice in 2018.
Space travel: The United States, China and Russia have paid special attention to space by sending missions and spaceflight to the Moon and Mars.
But competition between Washington and Beijing has now subsided as Moscow has been hit by financial crises.
The technological impulse of Washington and Beijing supports the economic impulse in this area: the need to mine space and reveal its resources that can be used, and for Europe it does not yet have an ambitious and practical policy to invade space.
Patents and people: The United States tops the list, with its universities, research centers and capital, while China filed nearly 3 million patents in 2023, of which only 10 percent were accepted.
Germany is a European power in the field of patents, but has been in decline recently, according to the German government ’ s report on the future strategy for research and innovation.
Because the human element is the most important link in the development of technology and the registration of patents, the major powers take several ways to prepare the human element, especially in the fields of mathematics, computer science, natural sciences and technology, but suffer a huge gap between supply and demand.
But China has two competitive advantages: huge numbers graduate each year from universities, and an active policy of sending students and scientists abroad to study and train and then calling them back when needed.
According to the book, the technological struggle between major powers cannot be confined to the former; there are other promising areas.
In the military field, combat drones and autonomous military robots can be built that make decisions on the battlefield autonomously without the need for human intervention.
At the urban level, smart cities can be created that rely on the Internet of Things to do their functions quickly and with a high degree of accuracy, such as facilitating traffic in those cities, rationalizing the energy used and environmental monitoring for any potential environmental risks.
Technology cooperation between China, the United States and Europe is crucial, especially in the circumstances of climate change, energy crises and migration, especially as the continuation of the technological war will lead to a global rise in prices, a decline in welfare rates and a decline in global total production by 7 percent, according to economists at the International Monetary Fund.
It is expected that the current technological war between Beijing and Washington will lead to technical fragmentation, as two different technological worlds, one American and the other Chinese, may arise, as has already happened with the Internet, resulting in increased costs for consumers and producers and a slowdown in the desired development to prevent the exchange of knowledge and technology between the two worlds.
While the writer understands the need for countries to protect their economies and technological progress from falling into the trap of dependence, the solution is to take an approach aimed at reducing those risks by diversifying relations with many international actors and forming alliances rather than cutting trade and technology ties, as happened between the United States and China in the trade war launched by former US President Donald Trump.
arabic

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

China's "Zu Chongzhi-2" quantum supremacy experiment

China's "Jiuzhang-2" quantum supremacy experiment

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

China's 113-qubit Jiuzhang 2.0
China's 72-qubit Origin Wukong

Canada is investing heavily in quantum computing, with a $40 million federal investment to support the development of a photonic-based, fault-tolerant quantum computer by Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.

Title:

Content: There were 1,711 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 342,181 in the last 365 days.

Supporting Canada's leadership in quantum computing to grow the economy and create jobs

TORONTO, Jan. 23, 2023 /CNW/ - Quantum technologies are at the leading edge of science and innovation. As Canadian researchers, workers and businesses continue to demonstrate leadership on the world stage in innovating and developing quantum technologies, we have the potential to transform how we work and live in Canada and around the world – in areas from fighting climate change to making advancements in health care. The Government of Canada will continue to support Canadian companies to help them keep growing and staying competitive, while driving economic growth and creating highly skilled and well-paying jobs for Canadians.

The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, today announced a new federal investment of $40 million to enable the Toronto-based Canadian quantum computing company Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc. to build and commercialize the world's first photonic-based, fault-tolerant quantum computer. Once developed, this computer will have the potential to provide world leading capabilities to help solve complex data problems and could be used in a variety of sectors such as finance, transportation, environmental modelling, and health.

Supported through the government's Strategic Innovation Fund, this $177.8 million project is expected to create 530 new highly skilled positions in the high-tech and quantum computing fields.

Home to some of the world's largest quantum tech hubs, Canada is well positioned to become a global leader in the developing quantum sector, which will create new opportunities for Canadians and Canadian businesses. The Government of Canada will continue to invest in innovative companies to grow the economy and create highly skilled and well-paying jobs for Canadians.

Quotes

"Quantum technology is changing the world as we know it. With the potential to solve difficult problems in key areas such as health care, finance, and climate sciences, this sector expands the realm of possibility. Today's announcement is great news for Canadian workers and businesses. This investment will bring good jobs, spur economic growth, boost innovation, and solidify Canada as a world leader in quantum technology."

— The Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada

"Quantum technologies will set the course of the future and thanks to companies like Xanadu, Canada is at the forefront ready to lead. With today's announcement, our government is strengthening Canada's position in quantum technology and helping to create more economic growth and good jobs for Canadians. We'll continue to build this sector through our National Quantum Strategy and support made-in-Canada technology so Canada remains a world leader for decades to come."

— The Hon. François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry

"The government's continued investment in quantum technologies has been invaluable to our success. We are proud to be a Canadian company and, with this investment, are excited to enter the next phase in our mission to build quantum computers that are useful and available to people everywhere."

— Christian Weedbrook, Founder and CEO, Xanadu

Quick Facts

  • Since the birth of quantum science more than 100 years ago, quantum technologies have been the source of many game-changing innovations such as semiconductors and the laser.
  • Quantum science is the study, manipulation, and control of systems at the atomic and subatomic level.
  • It is estimated that by 2045, the Canadian quantum industry will be a $139 billion industry, including all economic effects, and account for over 200,000 jobs, according to a study commissioned by the National Research Council in 2020.
  • Earlier this month, the Government of Canada launched its National Quantum Strategy, which invests an additional $360 million to help solidify Canada as a global leader in quantum technologies.
  • Over the past 10 years, the Government of Canada has invested more than $1 billion in quantum research and science.
  • Additionally, the government has invested in bringing new quantum technologies to the Canadian and global markets, including investments through Canada's regional development agencies, the Strategic Innovation Fund, and the National Research Council of Canada's Industrial Research Assistance Program.
  • Xanadu is a notable contributor to Canada's innovation ecosystem and has committed to continuing to support innovation, growth, and Canada's research and development sector.
  • Founded in 2016, Xanadu is a Toronto-based Canadian quantum computing company with the mission to build quantum computers that are useful and available to people everywhere. Xanadu has become one of the world's leading quantum hardware and software companies and leads the development of PennyLane, an open-source software library for quantum computing and application development.

Associated Links

This document is also available at https://pm.gc.ca

SOURCE Prime Minister's Office

View original content: http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/January2023/23/c3179.html

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Canada is a leading country in investing in quantum computing, with investments of over $1 billion in the past 10 years and an additional $360 million through its National Quantum Strategy.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is investing heavily in quantum computing, with an estimated $15.2bn in public investment.

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April 25, 2023

Investment in quantum technology hit a record $2.35bn last year

Billions of dollars have been invested in quantum technology since 2001 with the majority of that investment happening since 2020.

By Ryan Morrison

Quantum technology companies attracted more than $2.35bn in private investment last year, slightly breaking the record set in 2021. A new report by McKinsey suggests this investment could be well placed, as companies deploying quantum stand to gain $1.3trn in value by 2035. To unlock this potential companies have to focus on attracting top talent and scaling up the speed and accuracy of qubits. One expert says public and private sector organisations have a role to play in solving the talent problem.

The McKinsey report suggests four industries are likely to see the earliest impact – automotive, chemicals, financial services and life sciences. This is because these areas have high compute needs and complex problems where quantum advantage is likely to come earlier.

A significant amount of investment in quantum technology is going to start-ups that came into the industry in the past two years. According to McKinsey, 68% of the money put into quantum since 2001 has been invested in the last two years

As of last year, that investment is being spread over fewer new companies. In 2021, 41 quantum technology start-ups were founded, dropping to 19 in 2022 which, according to McKinsey suggests money is going to established start-ups rather than new companies, which could be tied to difficulties in attracting new talent.

The report suggests investors are looking for companies “ready to scale”, with four of the ten largest investment deals since 2001 closed in 2022. Some of these have been worth up to $500m and seven of the ten largest deals in 2022 were worth more than $100m.

Public sector investment is also growing rapidly with the US committing $1.8bn in 2022, the UK will spend £2.5bn over a decade and the EU has $1.2bn for quantum on the table. These are all dwarfed by the estimated $15.2bn public investment in quantum announced by the Chinese government.

Another reason for the redirection of investment towards more established companies could be tied to the slowdown in major scientific breakthroughs, the report authors speculated.

Many of the early-stage quantum technology companies are formed out of university projects and in 2022 the number of published papers on quantum technology declined by 61% between 2020 and 2021. There was another decline, of about 5% between 2022 and 2021. This, they wrote, could be due to challenges becoming harder to solve.

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Need for ‘fault -olerant’ quantum machines

The next stage in quantum computing requires both a ramp-up in qubit numbers and quality to create “fault-tolerant” processors capable of solving real-world problems more accurately and faster than classical computers. The problem is that while qubit numbers have been growing steadily, the quality hasn’t kept pace.

IBM has gone from a 20-qubit processor in 2019 to announcing a 1,000+ qubit machine due for release next year, but it also has a second track of processors with better quality qubits but far fewer actual qubits on each chip.

“In each of the five main approaches to quantum computers, difficult challenges remain,” the authors wrote. This is across all the main types of qubit being developed. For example, in photonics these devices still “leak” photons which results in computation failures and high error rates. In superconducting systems like those used by IBM and Google there are issues scaling up the control and cooling systems to handle potentially thousands of qubits.

These problems have to be solved to unlock the economic value the technology holds, the report authors declared. As economic value depends on speedup, which depends on algorithm complexity, execution time and problem size.

Achieving this scale-up will require top talent and while the talent gap is “significant”, McKinsey suggests it is narrowing in quantum technologies. “Our analysis shows that nearly two-thirds of open jobs in the industry could be filled with new masters’-level graduates in 2022.”

There are still shortages though, with OECD figures showing 717 active job postings last year and 450 master's-level graduates with degrees applicable to those vacancies. This was better than in 2021 when there were 851 job vacancies and just 290 graduates.

Talent isn't evenly spread. Based on density per million inhabitants the EU and UK are top destinations for graduates in quantum technology-relevant fields with 303 per million graduating in the EU in 2020 and 217 per million in the UK.

Ekaterina Almasque, general partner at VC fund OpenOcean, told Tech Monitor the quantum industry was “in its growth phase”, making it extremely challenging to find talent with the necessary skills across a range of technologies and services. “Most individuals working in the industry today were introduced to the concept of quantum computing at a relatively late stage," Almasque says. "While this will change naturally as the industry becomes more established, the private and public sector stakeholders of quantum computing must work together to improve this.”

She adds: “From a European perspective, many pioneering quantum computing businesses are pushing to become world leaders. For Europe to properly establish and maintain a lead in quantum computing, there must be a broad, strategic initiative for early education in quantum computing.”

  • Ryan Morrison writes a new weekly newsletter, Quantum Untangled, looking at the practical applications of quantum computing and interviewing leading figures from the industry. Sign up here.

Read more: How will the UK develop quantum computer regulation?

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What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is investing heavily in quantum computing, aiming to enable innovation and a knowledge-based economy through the Quantum Research Center and UAE institutes and universities.

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development with the creation of a 504-qubit quantum computer, making it the most productive in the country.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is currently leading in the development of quantum computing, with significant government funding of $15.3 billion.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is currently leading in the development of quantum computing, with significant investments in the technology.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

China's 113-qubit Jiuzhang 2.0
China's 72-qubit Origin Wukong

Taiwan is a leading country in developing quantum computing, with the National Science Council promoting international cooperation to advance research and technology industrialization.

Title:

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National Science Council: Promoting international cooperation in quantum technology to make Taiwan an important leader
Wu Cheng-chung, chairman of the National Science Council, said that in addition to actively laying out key technologies for quantum computers and communication, he also hopes to build a global cooperation platform to bring together researchers and industry leaders from all over the world to promote the progress of research and development and technology industrialization.
Quantum computing power has brought new opportunities for technological breakthroughs. Many countries have listed quantum technology as an important national development strategy and are competing for resources. The National Science Council (NSC) held the "Quantum Taiwan 2023" in Taipei today.
Wu Zhengzhong said that Taiwan has actively laid out key technologies for quantum computers and communication soft and hard, and cross-ministerial cooperation to form a quantum national team. However, it is difficult for a single country to have the full set of resources and expertise needed to comprehensively promote the research and development of quantum technology.
Wu Cheng-chung pointed out that the seminar is the first time that Taiwan has actively organized such an event, and it is an important milestone to build a global cooperation platform that brings together experts, researchers and industry leaders from all over the world to promote the progress of quantum research and development and industrialization through exchanges with the global quantum technology elite.
He said that as the number of countries participating in the cooperation and industry continues to increase, the forum platform will gradually be transformed into an international alliance to jointly promote the development of quantum technology.
The National Science Council said that the conference topics include superconducting quantum computers, quantum communication encryption, semiconductors and other cutting-edge fields, and multinational experts will have in-depth discussions on the future trends of quantum technology and share their research results and insights.
In addition to technical exchanges, the National Science Council pointed out that at the same time, the research team of the Quantum National Team, the Taiwan Semiconductor Center of the National Research Institute of the National Academia Sinica and the Industrial Technology Research Institute were arranged to present technical results to the international exhibition of Taiwan's latest progress in the field of quantum technology.
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China is currently leading in developing quantum computing, with significant efforts and investments in research and development, raising concerns about privacy and national security.

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U.S. May Include AI and Quantum Computing in Chinese Tech Ban

The U.S. may be looking to tighten its technological noose on China beyond semiconductors. According to Bloomberg's sources, the Biden administration has been holding internal and external discussions on further cutting China off from high-tech solutions that might impact national and worldwide security. Foremost are the fields of A.I. software and quantum computing, whose potential for worldwide disruption is still under assessment despite breakneck advances. Further sanctions would add power to existing ones, including China's quantum computing companies (to a degree).

One thing both technological spaces have in common is that they're still nascent: every day greets us with yet another quantum computing or AI-related headline. Efforts to regulate China's access to such rapidly-changing technologies leave the Biden administration between a rock and a hard place. Sanctions targeting China have been shown to have nefarious effects on the world at large and American semiconductor companies in particular, not just on its intending recipient.

Another element any sanctions would have to consider is the technological fields themselves. Essentially, what specific elements for each technology could be sanctioned that would hit China the most and the rest of the world the least? What price - if any - would U.S. companies pay for tightening the noose?

Companies in the quantum computing space might tell you otherwise, but the current approaches to the field showcase the number of potential sanction venues. Should the Biden administration produce sanctions for any kind of quantum computing approach - from superconducting qubits to ion chains? What would it do to the quantum computing research and product market if the sanctions only focussed on certain technologies, disproportionately hitting some companies while leaving others off the hook? What if a new quantum computing (or A.I.) approach surfaces?

Despite the cost and difficulty in perceiving the magnitude of the required U.S. regulatory intervention, China's efforts in the quantum computing space should give the U.S. pause. The number of accusations flying around regarding I.P. and state secret thefts, paired with China's clear interest in leading the space's research and development, open up the doors to immense privacy and national security concerns.

When quantum computing lurches past its current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Era), it will enable any actor to field a way to crack currently-applied encryption algorithms. This includes data in motion and data at rest - especially any data that has been already stolen in what is known as a "steal now, decrypt later" attack. Nobody knows the petabytes (?) of intercepted data just lying in wait for the moment that a quantum computer is around to destroy their current encryption schemes. The impact of being the first to crack quantum computing cannot be overstated - especially if it's done by an actor that feels it has a score to settle, even more so when standards for post-quantum encryption are still being discussed.

China has shown incredible resilience despite the ever-tightening sanctions. Even after being cut from the latest manufacturing technologies, the country's OceanLight supercomputer managed to stand side by side with the AMD-made Frontier in disputing the finalist prize for the Gordon Bell award. The award is directly related to A.I. workloads, and China managed to field a supercomputer powered by 14nm-era hardware to perform work deemed relevant enough for prize contention. It's extremely likely that China will continue on this road. As they say: where there's a will, there's a way.

Freelance News Writer

Francisco Pires is a freelance news writer for Tom's Hardware with a soft side for quantum computing.

What are the potential threats of quantum computers?

threatening national security through breaking encryption

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What fields can quantum computers advance?

China is currently leading in quantum computing research, with the Chinese University of Science and Technology developing a quantum computer significantly faster than Google's.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

China's 113-qubit Jiuzhang 2.0
China's 72-qubit Origin Wukong

China is at the forefront of quantum computing research with the development of a 504-qubit chip, making it the most powerful in the country, and its computing power will be available to users worldwide via the cloud.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Australia is a leading country in quantum computing research, with significant government investment in the field.

Australia is leading in quantum computing research, with a head start in the 1990s and two major spinoffs, Silicon Quantum Computing and Diraq, pursuing silicon-based quantum computing.

What are important areas in quantum research?

The US and Australia are among the countries leading in quantum computing research, with the US company IonQ pursuing trapped ion quantum computing and the Australian government investing in Quantum Australia.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Quantum computing will change industries such as financial services, healthcare, and those related to climate change.

Title:

Content: While the UK considers where to channel investment, we need to ensure that quantum technology is at the forefront of those considerations.

Quantum will not only drive our economy, but will also help create new opportunities in different sectors, ranging from healthcare to agriculture.

At the Global Investment Summit (GIS) last month, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced a three-fold increase, up to £29.5bn, from the world’s leading investors in new UK projects and capital.

These funds will be channelled into “high-growth projects” in the UK, including quantum technology.

It is great to see quantum being recognised as a potential game changer in the future of the UK economy, and it is important that we continue this momentum.

Quantum’s economic and social value

Quantum provides an exciting opportunity for the economy because the technology has a wide range of possible applications.

The last decade has seen an 81% growth in the quantum sector and now contributes an estimated £1.7bn to the UK economy. Financial services, healthcare and climate change - all major sectors in the UK ecosystem - are just three of the areas that will be enhanced by quantum.

The ability to optimise complex financial portfolios in real-time or simulate molecular interactions with unprecedented accuracy could reshape sectors in their entirety. Molecular interaction simulation can assist the healthcare industry to an immense extent.

Possibilities include being able to improve the process of accurately modelling how new drugs will impact different types of conditions and diseases - leading to breakthroughs in serious and harder-to-treat illnesses.

This technology will also help us in the battle against climate change, specifically in its ability to predict weather more accurately. Current computational power for measuring CO2 does not always predict the correct climate outcome, as we saw with the MET office’s prediction for Storm Ciaran.

As quantum technology is introduced into these sectors, it will forecast weather more accurately than our current conventional methods, therefore enhancing the precision of new data.

However, in order to see these possibilities realised, quantum needs investment from the government; it needs further development and innovation to be able to reach its potential.

Nurturing this sector is crucial not only to cement the UK as a leader in this technology, but to enable us to develop the tools that can tackle pressing global issues, whether that is developing more solar farms or investing in nuclear energy.

Investment moves to boost growth

Earlier in 2023, the UK government published its 10-year vision, the National Quantum Strategy. This outlines £2.5bn of public and private investment into the rapidly growing quantum sector.

At the GIS, Oxford Quantum Circuits stated its intention to raise £85m for research and development projects, while SBI Investment - Japan’s foremost venture capital fund - is leading the raise. This raise will be the largest for Series B in quantum computing ever in the UK, supporting the need for investment to empower growth.

Quantum computers need to be developed and operated by the brightest minds in the field to solve the world’s most pressing challenges – from climate change to accelerated drug discovery.

It is crucial that we make investments that induce growth in all sectors, combating concerns about additional capital in quantum being 'snake oil'.

Investment in devices and systems which rely on quantum mechanics will provide capabilities that classical machines cannot; it is just a matter of time.

Facilitating long-term growth

While investment in quantum has not always led to growth, with several smaller enterprises struggling in the short term, it is important that we are supporting research and innovation in this sector in order to facilitate long-term growth.

Quantum technology has a unique power to solve problems that classical computers cannot manage.

When performing complex calculations, quantum is able to pinpoint a more precise answer among the billions of alternate possibilities.

Therefore, with the potential for groundbreaking advancements and transformative applications, quantum computing is set to drive innovation, reshape industries, and unlock new possibilities we can hardly fathom today, culminating in growth.

Graeme Malcolm OBE is the chief executive and founder of M Squared

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing is likely to change industries such as supply chain management by improving modeling and logistics.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely fast calculations
extremely complex calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing is expected to have a significant impact on the chemical industry by providing the speed and reliability needed to simulate complex chemical reactions, reducing the need for laboratory testing.

Title:

Content: The present and future of quantum computing
New Research 2022 / 12 / 13 19: 16: 07 Edited by: Yuansheng
The limitations of contemporary supercomputers, as well as their implications for academia and institutions around the world, are drawing the attention of the scientific community.
For example, researchers can use current techniques to perform more complex simulations, such as those that focus on chemistry and the reactive properties of each element.
However, as the complexity of these interactions increases, they become more challenging for current supercomputers.
Due to the limited processing power of these devices, it is nearly impossible to complete these types of calculations, forcing scientists to choose between speed and precision when conducting these studies.
To provide some context for the breadth of these experiments, let ’ s start with the example of hydrogen atom modeling.
With only one proton and one electron in hydrogen, researchers can easily perform chemical reactions manually or rely on computers to complete calculations.
However, depending on the number of atoms and whether the electrons are entangled, the process becomes more difficult.
To write out every conceivable result of an element like thulium, which contains a staggering 69 electrons, all twisted together, would take more than 20 trillion years.
Obviously, this time is too long for us, and we need a new way out.
Quantum computers open the door to a whole new world of possibilities.
The equations needed to simulate chemistry have been known to the scientific community since the 1930s, but it has only recently begun to build computers with the ability and reliability to perform these calculations.
Today ’ s quantum computers provide the speed researchers need to mimic all aspects of chemistry, making them significantly predictive and reducing the need for laboratory testing.
Colleges and universities may be able to use quantum computers to augment existing knowledge of chemistry.
Consider the potential time and cost savings that could be achieved if quantum computers were able to eliminate the need for laboratory testing during research.
Moreover, since the computational power to master chemical properties did not exist previously, this step could lead to a major step forward in chemistry previously unknown to the world
01. Quantum computing in practice
Many companies are already using quantum computing.
For example, IBM is working with Mercedes-Benz, ExxonMobil, CERN, and Mitsubishi Chemical to implement quantum computing into their products and services:
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is exploring quantum computing to create better batteries for its electric vehicles.
The company hopes to shape the future of modern electric vehicles by implementing quantum computing in its products and making an impact on the environment by implementing quantum computing in its products in an effort to be carbon neutral by 2039.
Simulating what ’ s going on inside a battery is incredibly difficult, even with today ’ s most advanced computers.
However, using quantum computing technology, Mercedes-Benz can more accurately simulate chemical reactions in car batteries.
Exxon Mobil
ExxonMobil is using quantum algorithms to more easily discover the most efficient routes for transporting clean combustion fuels around the world.
Without quantum computing, it would be almost impossible to compute all routing combinations and find the most efficient routing combinations.
European Centre for Nuclear Research
The European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN) is trying to discover the secrets of the universe.
Using quantum computing, CERN can find algorithms to pinpoint complex events in the universe in a more efficient way.
For example, quantum computing could help CERN figure out patterns in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data.
Mitsubishi Chemical
A team from Mitsubishi Chemical and Keio University is working on a key chemical step for lithium-oxygen batteries: lithium superoxide rearrangement.
They are using quantum computers to "perform accurate simulations of what happens inside a chemical reaction at the molecular level".
Advantages and disadvantages of quantum computing
Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize industries such as finance, pharmaceuticals, artificial intelligence, and automotive in the coming years, fundamentally changing the world around us.
The value of quantum computers comes from the probabilistic way in which they operate.
By using the probabilistic computing style directly instead of simulating it, computer scientists have shown potential applications for fast search engines, more accurate weather forecasts, and precise medical applications.
In addition, quantum computers represent the original motivation for the development of quantum computing and are very useful in directly simulating quantum mechanics.
Perhaps the main appeal of quantum computing is that it can solve problems faster, making it ideal for applications that need to handle large amounts of data (for example, aerospace logistics, drug manufacturing, molecular research, or other fields that use canonical processes at the atomic level).
However, creating a powerful quantum computer is not an easy task and involves many drawbacks.
The sensitivity of quantum computing systems to extreme temperatures is one of the main drawbacks.
In order for the system to function properly, it must be near absolute zero temperature, which poses a major engineering challenge.
Moreover, quantum bit quality is not where it needs to be.
After a given number of instructions, qubits can produce inaccurate results, and quantum computers lack error correction to solve this problem.
Because of the number of wires or lasers required to make each qubit, keeping control is difficult, especially if the goal is to create a chip with a million qubits.
And quantum computing is very expensive: the cost of a single qubit can be as high as $10,000 or so.
Finally, if standard information systems and encryption methods are used for malicious purposes, they will be overwhelmed by the processing power of quantum computers.
These computers ’ reliance on the principles of quantum physics allows them to decrypt the most secure data (e.g., bank records, government secrets, and internet / email passwords).
Cryptography experts around the world will need to develop encryption techniques that can withstand possible attacks from quantum computers.
Impact of Quantum Computing on Higher Education
The education community is always looking for new opportunities for growth and prosperity.
Many higher education institutions have begun extensive research into quantum computing, using the unique properties of quantum physics to usher in a new era of technology, including computers capable of performing currently impossible computations, ultra-secure quantum networks, and exotic new quantum materials.
Oxford University
Researchers at the University of Oxford are interested in quantum research because of its huge potential in areas such as healthcare, finance and security.
The university is recognized worldwide as a pioneer in the field of quantum science.
Oxford and York universities demonstrate first working pure state NMR quantum computer
Harvard University
Researchers at Harvard University have established a community group, the Harvard Quantum Initiative for Science and Engineering, with the goal of making significant progress in science and engineering related to quantum computers and their applications.
According to research conducted by the group, the “second quantum revolution ” will build on the first quantum revolution, which is responsible for the development of global communications, technologies such as GPS flight, and medical breakthroughs such as magnetic resonance imaging.
University of Maryland
Researchers from the University of Maryland's Department of Physics, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Physical Sciences Laboratory are part of the Joint Quantum Institute "dedicated to the goal of controlling and utilizing quantum systems."
Institute of Technology
MIT researchers have built a quantum computer and are working on areas such as quantum algorithms and complexity, quantum information theory, measurement and control, and applications and connectivity.
University of California, Berkeley
Researchers at the Center for Quantum Computing and Information at the University of California, Berkeley are working on basic quantum algorithms, cryptography, information theory, quantum control, and experiments with quantum computers and quantum devices.
University of Chicago Quantum Exchange
Researchers at the University of Chicago Quantum Exchange are focusing on developing new ways to understand and utilize the laws of quantum mechanics. CQE encourages collaboration, joint projects and information exchange between research groups and collaborating institutions.
China University of Science and Technology
Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China are exploring quantum optics and quantum information.
Areas of major interest include quantum foundations, free space and fiber-based quantum communication, superconducting quantum computing, supercooled atomic quantum simulations, and quantum metrology theory and theory-related concepts.
One broad impact on higher education is that quantum computing will open up new careers for tomorrow ’ s students.
In addition, this technology will allow for accurate forecasting of the overall growth of the job market and the demand for skilled and knowledgeable workers in all fields.
In the near future, the power of quantum computing will be unleashed on machine learning.
In the field of education, quantum-driven algorithms will make informed decisions about student learning and deficiencies, just as quantum computing promises to revolutionize medical classification and diagnosis.
In addition, quantum computing will power a new era of individual learning, knowledge and achievement.
This will be achieved by processing large amounts of student data in a timely manner, and quantum computers may eventually have the ability to control programs designed to accommodate students ’ unique achievements and abilities, as well as backfilling specific areas where students may need help.
These aspects of quantum computing are critical to achieving the goal of truly personalized learning.
Through the cloud, you can access any of the relatively small number of physical quantum subcomputers in the world.
These computers include the 20 + IBM Quantum System One, which is currently installed more in the United States, Germany and Japan, and more are planned in the United States, South Korea and Canada.
Anyone with an internet connection can log on to a quantum computer and be educated on the basics of quantum programming.
For example, IBM offers a variety of quantum-centric education programs, including access to quantum computers, teaching support, summer schools, and hackathons.
The IBM Quantum Educator and Investigator Program and Qubit ’ s “Introduction to Quantum Computing ” are just two examples of quantum computing resources that are accessible to educators and students alike.
Such initiatives are absolutely necessary.
Colleges and universities around the world need to collaborate to bridge the current knowledge gap in quantum education and prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers.
04 、 Conclusion
The quantum computing revolution is happening.
We have just entered a new era of computing.
Next generation computing is not the next generation of hardware, but the next generation of algorithms and computing
Quantum computers use quantum mechanics principles to solve problems.
Compared to classical computers, the state of a quantum system is inherently probabilistic.
This means that quantum computers can handle many times more computations than conventional computers.
05, extended reading
The main players in quantum computing can be divided into four categories: the first category is international technology giants, such as IBM, Google, Honeywell, etc.; the second category is quantum computing startups, such as Rigetti, IonQ, etc.; the third category is national scientific research institutes, such as Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Institute of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology Innovation. University of Cambridge, University of Science and Technology of China, Harvard University, etc.
Today's quantum computers can only deal with one or a few aspects of the problem, and they have not yet reached the level of generality.
Quantum technology companies not only need to invest heavily in developing quantum computers, but also need to have many researchers designing and manufacturing quantum hardware and software to support these machines.
In the future, general quantum computers need to work on the underlying quantum physics equipment, quantum computer architecture, quantum resource scheduling, upper quantum programming language, quantum algorithms and quantum application software.
The following are typical representatives of the quantum computing industry regarding the latest technological and commercial advances in quantum computing.
The information provided herein is for general guidance and informational purposes only, and the contents of this article should not be considered investment, business, legal or tax advice under any circumstances.
This article is from the WeChat public account: new research (ID: chuxinyanjiu), author: Yousef Fazea, compiled by: Tang Shi
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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely fast calculations
extremely complex calculations

What fields can quantum computers advance?

Quantum computing is expected to impact industries including finance, transportation, environmental modelling, and health.

What fields can quantum computers advance?

"Quantum computing is expected to significantly impact industries such as biochemical pharmaceutical, artificial intelligence, network, and financial technology."

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Content: Go to main content
First Quantum Computer in Taiwan
Academia Sinica has spent more than two years successfully developing 5-bit computers, and President Tsai Ing-wen affirms that "the world will see Taiwan's scientific and technological strength"
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Taiwan ’ s first “5-bit superconducting quantum computer ” has been launched! Academia Sinica President Liao Junzhi said that he will organize a national team of quantum technology to shorten the time for the industrialization of quantum technology by taking advantage of Taiwan ’ s semiconductor advantages and high-tech manufacturing strengths.
President Tsai Ing-wen also said that quantum computers will become the next generation of technology industries after chip manufacturing, and let the world see Taiwan's strong technological strength.
Academia Sinica held a quantum computer project center research and development results released on the 29th, Tsai Ing-wen said during an inspection, Academia Sinica can independently develop a 5-bit quantum computer in just more than two years, it is not easy.
Academia Sinica ’ s Quantum Technology Research Base, located in the southern campus, will develop a quantum chip manufacturing process and a quantum computer system architecture by the end of this year, and seek to cooperate in the development of real estate research and development, and jointly gain an opportunity for Taiwan ’ s quantum development.
It is understood that quantum computers are different from today's bit computers, characterized by amazing computing speed, can handle supercomputers can not solve complex computing, the future once the actual application, will subvert, biochemical pharmaceutical, artificial intelligence, network and financial technology and other fields.
Looking at the world, only the United States, China, Japan, the Netherlands, Finland, the industry is leading by IBM and Google.
In contrast, quantum chips are the core key components of quantum computers. Superconducting quantum chips have their special process conditions and requirements, and Taiwan has completed a 5-bit prototype product.
Chen Chi-tung, a special research fellow at Academia Sinica's Institute of Physics and Applied Science Research Center, points out that the world's largest gate for quantum technology research and development is a chip, and there are still fundamental problems that need to be solved, such as removing the atomic molecular impurities that interfere with the quantum bit signal, and not directly applying current semiconductor technology.
However, semiconductor, IC design, and advanced technology manufacturing are Taiwan's biggest advantages in the development of quantum computers, coupled with the design of quantum chips and the control system of quantum bits, Taiwan is also the most advantageous in the world.
Chen also says that the development process of 5-bit superconducting quantum computers can establish a domestic quantum computer ecosystem, and the control system of quantum bits is a high-speed digital electronic instrument that can be provided to domestic companies for testing and development, and the close integration of quantum computers and high-performance computers will improve the overall computing performance.
Wu Cheng-chung, chairman of the National Science Council, said that Academia Sinica's self-made superconducting quantum technology into 8-inch wafers represents Taiwan's opening to the industrialization of quantum technology, and Taiwan has talent and commercialization experience, and future cooperation with the National Science Council will also create Taiwan's international bright spots.
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What fields can quantum computers advance?

"Google achieved quantum supremacy using its Sycamore quantum processor in 2019."

Title:

Content: Google, IBM and China have already achieved quantum supremacy. Now they face another challenge: the correction of errors

Quantum supremacy is no longer at the center of the debate. It was at the end of 2019 because it came to light that the Google team led by John Martinis had managed to achieve it using its Sycamore quantum processor, and no one had done it until that moment. The noise that this news caused when it broke was justified.

But a year later, in December 2020, the group of Chinese researchers led by Jian-Wei Pan published an article in Science showing that I had also reached using its Zuchongzhi superconducting processor. And a year later, in November 2021, IBM followed suit and announced that it had reached this milestone using its 127-qubit Eagle quantum processor.

At this point no one doubts that quantum computers have come a long way. And, furthermore, they have done it in a real record time if we bear in mind that the first solid theoretical proposals arrived in the mid-1990s. And they are already capable of solving a few problems (very few still). in much less time than the most advanced supercomputers we currently have.

In fact, this is what quantum supremacy consists of: in solving in a short period of time, a few minutes or a few hours, a problem in which a classical supercomputer would spend many years. Even several centuries. Or millennia. Right now it is not too important whether these problems have practical applications or not. Whether or not they are relevant. We are still establishing the foundations of quantum computing, and the important thing is to face the challenges that are around the corner.

In search of higher quality qubits

One of the biggest challenges facing researchers involved in the development of quantum computing is delaying the onset of quantum decoherence. This phenomenon occurs when the necessary conditions for a system that is in an entangled quantum state to be maintained disappear.

Perhaps a slightly simpler way of describing it is to see it as a system that stops behaving as dictated by the rules of quantum mechanics when certain conditions are met, beginning to behave from that moment on as dictated by the rules of classical physics. . When does quantum decoherence appear? quantum effects disappear. And, therefore, also the advantages that they bring in the context of quantum computing.

The time it takes for quantum decoherence to appear is closely linked to the quality of the qubits

This phenomenon is very important because it helps us understand why many macroscopic physical systems do not exhibit quantum effects. Or, what is the same, why in our daily environment we cannot observe the counterintuitive effects of quantum mechanics. In any case, what is really relevant is that as the the quality of the qubits of a quantum processor, the longer it takes for quantum decoherence to appear. And, for this reason, we have more time available to carry out operations with it.

The two qubit fabrication technologies that are currently giving us the best results are superconducting qubits, which benefit greatly from recent advances in silicon lithography, and ion traps. However, some research groups also have other very promising technologies on the table that are worth pursuing, such as neutral atoms or the ions implanted in macromolecules.

IBM already has a 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor, and by the end of 2023 it plans to have Condor ready, a promising quantum chip with no less than 1,121 qubits.

We already brush the correction of errors with the tips of our fingers

The other big challenge facing quantum computing right now is error correction. Quantum computers make errors when carrying out some operations, and when this happens, the results they return to us are not correct, of course. The problem is that implementing a quantum error correction protocol it’s not trivial. And furthermore, if they abound, it is essentially impossible to correct them and simultaneously prevent the quantum processor’s efficiency from sinking.

Fortunately, we have good news. As we told you a few days ago, three independent research groups have managed to perfect superconducting qubits that have an accuracy greater than 99%. This simply means that they make mistakes very infrequently, and the good news is that when they are so infrequent it is easier to correct them. Much easier.

When the incidence of errors is less than 1%, it is much easier for quantum fault-correction protocols to carry out their task

In fact, these research groups ensure that when the incidence of errors is less than 1% quantum fault-correction protocols find it much easier to do their job. At the moment they are working with only one or two qubits, and these quantum processors are too simple to solve significant problems, but if they manage to scale this technology to many more qubits, quantum computers could leave behind one of the biggest challenges they currently face. .

As we have just seen, quantum computing is advancing at a breakneck pace. The entry of private companies in this sector you are greatly accelerating your progress, but before we get carried away with enthusiasm, it is important that we keep in mind that there are other challenges that are also crucial to solve.

Two of the most substantial are the need to control qubits more precisely, and also the importance of implementing new quantum algorithms that they are able to help us tackle the problems that we cannot solve with the most powerful classical supercomputers that we have today. Still, the future for quantum computing is hopeful. And, above all, very promising.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

"Alphabet (GOOGL) demonstrated quantum supremacy with its processor in 2019, marking a significant breakthrough in quantum computing."

Title:

Content: Buy Alert: 3 Quantum Computing Stocks Nearing Super Attractive Entry Points

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  • These stellar quantum computing stock opportunities are poised to become massive investments over the long run.
  • IBM (IBM): Spearheading quantum computing advancements and providing a steady income stream with a 4.61% dividend yield, IBM showcases a unique mix of innovation and financial stability.
  • Defiance Quantum ETF (QTUM): Offering a diversified investment opportunity in its niche, QTUM opens the door to potential growth from industry leaders such as IonQ, Nvidia, and NXP Semiconductors.
  • Alphabet (GOOGL): Demonstrating “quantum supremacy” and posting a 40% stock gain amidst thriving advertising and cloud sectors, Alphabet investors have a lot to look forward to ahead.

In the fascinating landscape tech realm, quantum computing stock opportunities could prove to be incredibly lucrative over time. The notion of quantum computing, born over two decades ago, is now gaining solid traction on The Street. Moreover, the technology, rooted in the mysteries of quantum mechanics, aims to boost computing speeds significantly.

The advancements in quantum computing are impossible to ignore, with continuous improvements and decreasing development costs. Moreover, the sector’s convergence with cloud computing opens doors for broader accessibility among researchers and software developers.

Furthermore, as the digital economy and artificial intelligence sectors grow, global spending on cloud computing is expected to reach a whopping $1 trillion annually within the next decade. Quantum computing appears to be on the cusp of becoming a game-changer, and it might be the most opportune time to load up on affordable quantum computing stocks.

IBM (IBM)

Source: shutterstock.com/LCV

IBM (NYSE:IBM) has made considerable strides in fast-evolving quantum computing. Its pioneering advancements, accessible via cloud services, are critical to the broader cloud and cognitive software division.

IBM’s quantum computing efforts have been extraordinary, developing a unique strategy to combat quantum noise, a notable obstacle in quantum computing. By introducing and tracking the effects of additional noise, the approach could potentially bring quantum computers on par with their conventional counterparts in terms of usability.

Moreover, IBM has introduced a suite of quantum-related products. This includes Qiskit Runtime, efficient task-completion algorithms, and the yet-to-be-released Quantum-Safe, which aims to bolster users’ cybersecurity capabilities in sync with the expanding quantum technology industry.

Moreover, IBM’s attractive dividend yield of 4.61% adds another feather to its cap, providing a reliable long-term income stream supported by its powerful cash flows.

Defiance Quantum ETF (QTUM)

Source: Amin Van / Shutterstock.com

In the quantum computing realm, the Defiance Quantum ETF (NYSEARCA:QTUM) stands out as a fascinating bet for investors seeking a diversified approach to this high-potential sector. This ETF, equipped with a modest expense ratio of 0.40%, delivers exposure to some of the biggest players in quantum computing, diminishing the volatility seen with individual stocks in this emergent field.

The beauty of QTUM lies in its democratization of investment opportunities sidestepping the need for technical comprehension of quantum computing. Hence, QTUM effectively offers a gateway to potential growth spurred by a technology set for many industries. This makes it one of those quantum computing stock opportunities you can’t afford to miss.

Inside the QTUM’s basket, you’ll find leading quantum computing stocks, names such as IonQ (NYSE:IONQ) , Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA), and NXP Semiconductors (NASDAQ:NXPI), among others. These companies represent the frontiers of quantum innovation, making QTUM an enticing pick for those aiming to tap into the quantum leap.

Alphabet (GOOGL)

Source: IgorGolovniov / Shutterstock.com

Alphabet (NASDAQ:GOOGL) has effectively carved out its niche in the competitive landscape of quantum computing. Its journey began in 2006, with a breakthrough in 2019 when Alphabet demonstrated “quantum supremacy,” showcasing its quantum computer’s capacity to outperform a conventional computer.

Its quantum prodigy, Sycamore, leveraged 54 qubits to accomplish a calculation in a mere 200 seconds. However, despite concerns from the research community, Alphabet remains undeterred, persistently improving its hardware, software, and algorithms. Consequently, a next-gen Sycamore capable of computations could bog down a supercomputer for an astounding 47 years.

Moreover, in this turbulent year, Alphabet’s stock flourished with over a 40% gain, propelled by robust growth in its advertising and cloud spheres and breakthroughs in conversational AI. Indeed, Alphabet is a quantum player worth watching.

On the date of publication, Muslim Farooque did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines

Muslim Farooque is a keen investor and an optimist at heart. A life-long gamer and tech enthusiast, he has a particular affinity for analyzing technology stocks. Muslim holds a bachelor’s of science degree in applied accounting from Oxford Brookes University.

Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2023/08/buy-alert-3-quantum-computing-stocks-nearing-super-attractive-entry-points/.

©2023 InvestorPlace Media, LLC

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

Google has demonstrated quantum supremacy using its Sycamore processor.

Title:

Content: The quantum leap: Quantum computing breakthroughs to watch

The classical computer has been the bedrock of computing for over 50 years. That’s going to change soon. quantum computing, which was once a concept limited to fringe scientific papers, is now becoming a mainstream topic.

We’re seeing significant breakthroughs in the headlines which are stoking the flames of conjecture. The truth is, that this technology will bring with it much more than hype and opportunities to breathe life into sci-fi creations. In this article, we’re going to dive into some of the milestones of quantum computing, future goals and, of course, the challenges that we still have to overcome.

The Quantum Paradigm

Classical computers began as room-sized machines. Computer scientists from the 1950s would be completely flummoxed to see the powerful gaming or AI training rigs of today. That said, computers process information using bits -- either a 0 or a 1. quantum computers break the mold by using quantum bits, or qubits. They’re built upon the principles of quantum mechanics, which allow us to conceptualize that a qubit can exist in a state of 0, 1, or both at the same time (this is known as superposition in quantum theory).

As a result of this state, quantum computers are able to measure vast quantities of possibilities at the same time and exponentially increase their computing power compared to classical machines.

Significant Milestones in Quantum Computing

As with everything groundbreaking, quantum computing has been the subject of much fanfare, which has caused tangible advancements to slip through the cracks. This includes:

The Rise of Quantum Supremacy

The idea of "quantum supremacy" once seemed rather farfetched. That was until Google demonstrated with its Sycamore processor exactly what quantum machines could do. Sycamore was given a calculation that would have taken a classical computer 10,000 years to complete. It completed it in 200 seconds. quantum supremacy is now a modern reality and not just a hypothesis.

Innovations in Quantum Error-Correction

The inherently fragile nature of qubits means they're prone to errors from even the smallest environmental interference. Over the years, researchers have been laser-focused on tackling this problem, giving rise to various quantum error-correction protocols. Among the most prominent are the "surface code" and "cat code" methods, which deploy specialized qubit arrangements and extra layers of computational checks to detect and correct errors in real time.

Development of Quantum Algorithms

Unsurprisingly, with the growth of quantum processors has come an increase in quantum algorithms being developed. Algorithms like Shor's (for integer factorization) and Grover's (for database searching) have proven quantum computing's superiority over classical methods.

quantum algorithms have more granular applications as well, especially for devs and larger organizations. They could drastically reduce the time it takes to render documents in a React PDF viewer, particularly those that are large or contain complex elements like high-resolution images or intricate designs. Imagine one day sending petabytes of multimedia files without delay.

In a fraction of a second, teams could edit, compare, and merge files, all on their native platform, without having to wait until all the documentation is ready for analysis or sending.

This is just a microcosm of how massive quality-of-life (QoL) improvements from quantum computing will actually be. Aside from document readers, artists will also be able to render entire films in a matter of seconds, as there will be no resolution too high to be processed instantly. The same goes for 4K video calls without lags, VR gaming, and so much more.

Quantum Potential

What makes quantum computers so powerful is their ability to solve the problems that have simply been out of reach for classical machines, This includes:

  • Cryptography: Certain mathematical problems (like factorizing large prime numbers) are difficult for modern classical computers. quantum computers, however, are able to solve these problems much faster due to their parallel processing capabilities. Modern digital security rests on the assumption that these problems prevent computers from solving them quickly, and so quantum computing will be incredibly disruptive to modern cryptography. "Revolutionary" won’t even begin to define it.
  • Drug Discovery and Material Science: Another difficult task for classical computers is simulating and understanding complex molecular structures. With quantum computing, molecular simulations will be turbo-charged and lead to important breakthroughs in medicine and material science at a blistering pace.
  • Optimization Challenges: Be it traffic management, financial modeling, or supply chain optimization, problems involving multiple variables and constraints could benefit immensely from quantum computing's prowess, resulting in more efficient and optimal solutions.
  • Machine Learning and Big Data: Data is the new oil. And companies everywhere are drilling. quantum computers can process and analyze vast datasets swiftly and can send machine learning models to the stratosphere. This will lead to more accurate predictions and insights.

Navigating Quantum Challenges

The dream of a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer is still just a dream for now, due to certain technical hurdles.

The first is maintaining the quantum state of qubits over extended durations. The term for this is ‘quantum coherence’, and it is not an easy task. External disturbances such as cosmic rays or nearby electronic devices can disrupt its state and prevent long computations.

Of course, one must also ponder about scalability. Scaling from a few qubits to thousands or even millions which are needed for more complex tasks will need further innovations in quantum error correction (and system architecture for that matter).

For now, computer scientists have gotten around this by using extremely low temperatures to maintain qubit stability, but this is not something companies or organizations without vast resources can accomplish.

Another aspect to consider is the software ecosystem. quantum computers will need their own kind of software, along with unique programming languages and tools. This will take years and possibly decades of collaboration between physicists, computer scientists, and industry stakeholders before a barebones system is achieved. QApplications in Diverse Domains

quantum computing is going to massively change many sectors. That said, some stand to benefit sooner than the rest:

  • Financial Modeling: The financial sector is an obvious winner when it comes to having more computing power -- the sector is already using AI to its advantage. quantum algorithms will allow traders and analysts to evaluate vast numbers of scenarios extremely quickly, giving those companies with quantum machines an extraordinary advantage.
  • Climate Modeling: Predicting the Earth’s climate involves accounting for a ton of variables and how they interact with each other. quantum computers will allow more accurate climate models and better insights into climate change which will hopefully help us develop better strategies for mitigating it.
  • Logistics and Supply Chain: Efficient solutions to the traveling salesman problem -- a challenge that involves finding the shortest possible route through multiple cities -- could revolutionize logistics, saving time and reducing costs for businesses worldwide.

The Interplay Between Quantum and Classical Systems

While you may think that quantum computers will eventually replace classical computers, the truth is the future more likely has them together in a symbiotic relationship. This is because quantum machines will be used for tasks they’re better at, namely more advanced computational needs, while classical computers will be kept for more routine tasks and for user interfaces. An example of this already exists in cloud-based quantum computing platforms -- where users can send a certain task to a quantum machine and receive the result through their own classical machine.

Looking Towards the Quantum Future

The next decade promises a slew of breakthroughs. Today’s quantum computers are being compared to the classical computers of the 1950s, which is probably accurate considering they’re still in their nascent stage of development and haven’t even begun realizing their full potential.

quantum computing promises an increase in computation power for sure, but it offers much more than that. It promises a massive shift across many industries -- from healthcare to finance, energy and transportation. We live in exciting times as we stand on the precipice of a new era in technology, one that previously only belonged to the pages of science fiction.

Image credit: plotplot/Shutterstock

Lee Li is a project manager and B2B copywriter with a decade of experience in the Chinese fintech startup space as a PM for TaoBao, MeitTuan, and DouYin (now TikTok).

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

Google has demonstrated quantum supremacy with its processor, creating a machine with capabilities beyond classical machines.

Title:

Content: Google develops a quantum computer that can instantly make calculations that would take the best rival supercomputers 47 YEARS

  • Google claimed to have achieved 'quantum supremacy' before its rivals in 2019
  • But at the time the huge claim was questioned by quantum rivals including IBM
  • Now a newer device is 'beyond capabilities of existing classical supercomputers'

Within the next couple of decades, experts think quantum computers will replace the 'classical' computers at our desks and revolutionise our lives.

By employing the odd effects of quantum physics, they'll be capable of speeding up machine learning, solving climate change and discovering new drugs, it's believed.

Now, Google claims it's hit a major milestone in the quest to build such a device, by achieving 'quantum supremacy' – solving problems that no classical machine can.

The tech giant says it has created a quantum computer capable of instantly making calculations that would take even the fastest computer in existence today 47 years to do.

If this sounds familiar, Google said it achieved quantum supremacy back in 2019, although at the time the claim was questioned by opponents.

Google claims it's achieved 'quantum supremacy' - using a quantum device to solve problems that no classical machine can. According to Google, the newest version of its Sycamore quantum processor runs 70 qubits, more than its earlier version of Sycamore that had 53 qubits (pictured)

READ MORE: Google 'achieved quantum supremacy' in 2019

Google announced its 2019 breakthrough in Nature

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Rival IBM pointed out that the task Google's Sycamore quantum computer was able to perform was not a particularly difficult one and could technically be done by a classical machine albeit more slowly.

Four years on, Google researchers claim to have created a more powerful machine with capabilities beyond classical machines – in other words, quantum supremacy.

It remains unclear how much the quantum computer cost to develop, although MailOnline has contacted Google for further information.

'Quantum computers hold the promise of executing tasks beyond the capability of classical computers,' the team say in their paper, published on the arXiv pre-print server, yet to be peer reviewed.

'We estimate the computational cost against improved classical methods and demonstrate that our experiment is beyond the capabilities of existing classical supercomputers.'

Quantum technology makes use of the spooky effects of quantum physics to vastly speed up information processing, which could lead to the most powerful computer on Earth.

Even the fastest computers that exist today – such as the Frontier supercomputer in Tennessee – don't match the potential of quantum computers.

These 'conventional' or 'classical' computers use the processing language of binary code, a language based on one of two states – zeroes or ones.

In the new paper, Google demonstrates quantum supremacy or quantum advantage. This graph compares performance of the 70-qubit quantum computer compared with the previous iteration (Sycamore-53) and the Chinese Zuchongzhi quantum computer

Even the fastest computers that exist today, such as the Frontier supercomputer in Tennessee (pictured), don't match the potential of quantum computers

READ MORE: 'Quantum apocalypse' could make data vulnerable

Quantum computing could break the encryptions that secure banking and medical details, experts say (file photo)

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But quantum mechanics allows a unit of quantum information – a quantum bit or 'qubit' – to be in a state of zero, one, or both states simultaneously.

According to Google, the newest version of its Sycamore quantum processor runs 70 qubits, more than its earlier version of Sycamore that had 53 qubits.

A quantum processor with 70 qubits means that it can store and process 70 quantum bits of information – impossible for a classical computer however fast or slow it's going.

To put this power increase in perspective, the team says Frontier would only take 6.18 seconds to match a calculation from Google's 53-qubit computer, but would take 47.2 years to match its latest one.

Google researchers say they now have the 'ultimate goal of demonstrating and verifying the beyond-classical performance for our 70-qubit device'.

IBM is yet to comment on Google's new work, but Steve Brierley, chief executive of Cambridge-based quantum company Riverlane, told the Telegraph that Google's new work is a 'major milestone'.

'The squabbling about whether we had reached, or indeed could reach, quantum supremacy is now resolved,' he said.

IBM's Q System One (pictured) is a quantum computer available to businesses and researchers. The IBM Q System One is a powerful quantum computer, but it is not yet powerful enough to achieve quantum supremacy

READ MORE: Sussex reveals blueprint for building quantum computer

The University of Sussex is leading the UK's charge to build a quantum computer

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However, Sebastian Weidt, from the University of Sussex's Ion Quantum Technology group, echoed much of the criticism from 2019 – that Google is yet to demonstrate solving a useful problem with quantum.

'This is a very nice demonstration of quantum advantage,' Weidt said.

'While a great achievement academically, the algorithm used does not really have real world practical applications though.

'We really must get to utility quantum computing – an era where quantum computers with many thousand qubits actually begin to deliver value to society in a way that classical computers never will be able to.'

Professor Winfried Hensinger, director of the Sussex Centre for Quantum Technologies, told MailOnline: 'Google solved a particular academic problem which is hard to compute on a conventional computer.

'Their most recent demonstration is yet another powerful demonstration that quantum computers are developing at steady pace.

'The next important step will be to build quantum computer which can correct for the inherent errors within their operation.'

The University of Sussex is leading the UK's charge to build a quantum computer, along with the likes of big tech firms including Google, IBM and Microsoft.

Ultimately, the aim is to build a 'commercial' quantum computer – one that could be purchased by members of the public.

As this is still a decade or two away at least, for now, firms are building 'experimental' quantum computers that are still in the research and development phase.

IBM has already created a quantum machine called Q System One, available for businesses and researchers to use.

After it was revealed in 2019, critics pointed out that it only had 20 qubits and was not powerful enough to achieve quantum supremacy.

Did Google really achieve quantum supremacy in 2019?

In 2019, Google said its 53-quibit quantum computer could perform a calculation in 200 seconds that would take classical computers 10,000 years.

Writing in the journal Nature, the team said they performed a fixed set of operations that entangles 53 qubits into a quantum state to solve a random number sampling task.

However, Google’s big rivals in quantum technology research including IBM took issue with Google's claim that it had achieved the so-called act of 'quantum supremacy' – solving problems that no classical machine can.

IBM, which is working on its own quantum computer design, argued that the random number generator task completed by Google's 'Sycamore' quantum computer is technically achievable on a classical computer – after 10,000 years of processing.

‘Because the original meaning of the term quantum supremacy, as proposed by John Preskill in 2012, was to describe the point where quantum computers can do things that classical computers can't, this threshold has not been met,' IBM researchers wrote in a blog post.

Professor Winfried Hensinger, director of the Sussex Centre for Quantum Technologies, told Laboratory News at the time: ‘The problem they [Google] picked is a completely utterly useless problem.

'The next step will be to solve useful problems.’

Google claims quantum computer breaththrough

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely fast calculations
extremely complex calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

Google demonstrated quantum supremacy with its 54-qubit Sycamore processor in 2019.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

Eternal Mind Inc's quantum computing data center is located in the United States, specifically in Limestone, Maine.

Title:

Content: AI Quantum Computing Data Center holds grand opening at Loring

Published: May. 17, 2023 at 12:27 PM EDT|Updated: 32 minutes ago

LIMESTONE, Maine (WAGM) -An AI Quantum Computing Company will now have a home at the former Loring Air Force Base. NewsSource 8 was at the grand opening of the new data center and has more on how the technology will fuel the future of AI Development.

“Everyone hears the news about CHATGPT and everything that goes along with that. This is kinda the next stepping stone. CHATGPT and all these AI systems, they need this particular hardware to run off of and we are doing it here in Maine,” says Avery Thomas the President and CEO of Eternal Mind Inc, a Kennebunk based AI Quantum Computing Company.

On Monday, they held a grand opening and tour of their new data center in the same building as a previous Air Force Data Center, which Thomas says came in handy.

“The cool thing about that is you can see all of the resources are still here, we’ve still got the existing cooling systems we’ve got the existing battery backups...This right here is actually a raised floor that is very unique for data centers. It’s usually used to run data and power through so it’s easier to access,” said Thomas.

Thomas adds that the computers going in this data center are not like the computer on your desk, but sophisticated computers that use physics instead of transistors.

“You could probably put 2 or 3 in this room but it’s not like a traditional computer. It’s not like what you see in this rack right here which is a traditional server. They’re actually computers which are on a racking system but they are suspended in the air,” Thomas explained.

There are many different uses for Quantum Computers, Thomas says, such as Financial Services like predicting the stock market, or Medical Providers to help predict what effects medications would have on humans.

“Quantum Computers are actually needed for AI, specifically companies like CHATGPT, Google and Microsoft. They need these large scale data centers and infrastructures to actually run their models,” said Thomas.

Thomas started this company as a way to help stay ahead of the technological curve and says this data center is one of the first of it’s kind in the US.

“So I’m not gonna say even just for the county, or the state of Maine or even the US. We’re one of the only places in the US thats working on a quantum computer startup. There are other companies on the west coast like Google, IBM and Microsoft that are building up large scale data centers but we are one of the first startups that are doing it here, in Limestone Maine, right now,” Thomas said.

Thomas says their first quantum computers should be installed and running in early June.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Eternal Mind Inc's quantum computing data center is located in Maine, USA.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Quantum computing faces challenges before it can fully realize its potential.

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

only small quantum computers available
sensitivity to environment
high error rates

Quantum computing is being developed by various countries and companies, including Google, Microsoft, IBM, and the Chinese government, with different approaches being explored to overcome the challenges of maintaining qubit stability.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

Quantum computing faces several challenges, including the need for extremely low temperatures, poor quantum bit quality, lack of error correction, control difficulties, high costs, and potential security risks.

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

Finland's first operational quantum computer is a 5-qubit computer, developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and IQM.

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Content: ISSN 2330-717X

Finland’s First 5-Qubit Quantum Computer Is Now Operational

By

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland recently announced that the country’s first operational 5-qubit quantum computer is up and running. Together with the quantum computing hardware startup IQM, VTT has taken its first steps to enable the building of quantum computers that will be both scalable and easier to manufacture, allowing more companies to begin their quantum computing journey.

The incredible computing performance of quantum computers makes it possible to solve problems that are beyond the capabilities of modern high-performance computers. In the future, quantum computers will be used, for instance, to accurately model viruses and drugs or used to design materials that are challenging to design with today’s technology.

“The development of quantum computing will affect all industries. Our experience in building the quantum computer, and our know-how in developing quantum algorithms will help us develop quantum foresight to, for example, identify future trends and support companies in understanding how and when their business will be affected,” says Pekka Pursula, Research Manager at VTT. “The best way to do this will be for companies to work together with VTT, and actually use our new hardware.”

The now-unveiled 5-qubit quantum computer is located at Micronova, part of OtaNano, the national research infrastructure for micro and nanotechnology, jointly run by VTT and Aalto University.

The big challenge in quantum computing is scalability. Quantum physicists and engineers around the world are trying to figure out how to scale quantum computing hardware to include hundreds and thousands of qubits, scale up the production in an economically efficient way, and scale algorithms and use of quantum computing in real-life applications.

VTT has 30 years of expertise in quantum technology research and excellent facilities to work on hardware scaling. The scaling of the use requires VTT to work hand-in-hand with the companies to develop algorithms for specific applications.

“Today’s announcement marks an important milestone for IQM and for the European quantum initiatives. With the completion of this phase, IQM will become one of the very few quantum companies that can deliver an on-premises quantum computer to a customer. I congratulate our partners, VTT and also the entire IQM team who has managed to deliver this ambitious milestone during the pandemic. This is just the first phase of the delivery and because of our ability to upgrade the systems, we are looking forward to working with VTT on delivering the 20-qubit and the 50-qubit systems,” says Dr. Jan Goetz, CEO and co-founder of IQM

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The University of Science and Technology of China is a leading institution in the development of quantum computing technologies, having successfully constructed a 255-photon-based prototype quantum computer.

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Content: LINE

Text:AAAPrint
Sci-tech

China secures world-leading computational power with freshly unveiled quantum computer prototype

2023-10-12 08:59:07Global Times Editor : Li Yan ECNS App Download

Introductory illustration to the Jiuzhang 3.0 quantum computer prototype. (Photo/Courtesy of University of Science and Technology of China)

With the successful development of the Jiuzhang 3.0 quantum computer prototype, which makes use of 255 detected photons, China continues to hold a world-leading position in the field of quantum computer research and development, lead scientists for the program told the Global Times on Wednesday.

The research team, composed of renowned quantum physicists Pan Jianwei and Lu Chaoyang from the University of Science and Technology of China in collaboration with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, announced the successful construction of a 255-photon-based prototype quantum computer named Jiuzhang 3.0 early Wednesday morning.

The quantum computing feat accomplished by the team of talents achieves a speed that is 10 quadrillion times faster in solving Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) problems compared with the world's fastest supercomputers.

According to a press release Pan's team provided to the Global Times on Wednesday, this achievement has once again "renewed the world record in the field of optical quantum information technology, solving the mathematical problem of Gaussian boson sampling 10 quadrillion times faster than the current fastest supercomputer in the world, taking an important step toward the development of quantum computers."

The study was published online in the journal Physical Review Letters early Wednesday morning.

Meanwhile, according to the publicly disclosed optimal algorithm, the speed of Jiuzhang 3.0 in processing Gaussian boson sampling is one million times faster than its predecessor, the 133-photon-based Jiuzhang 2.0. Jiuzhang 2.0 could calculate the most complex sample in 1 microsecond, while the current fastest supercomputer Frontier would take more than 20 billion years to do the same calculation, according to the press release.

Lu Chaoyang, a key member of the research team, explained that quantum computing is specially designed for solving highly complicated calculations while the simpler calculations are the job of regular computers. This is why the comparison was made between the Jiuzhang 3.0 and supercomputers.

Currently, the prototype is used for calculation of graph theory related problems and in the future it will also be used in the field of material design, Lu told the Global Times on Wednesday.

According to the scientist, developing quantum computers is one of the biggest challenges at the forefront of current world technology. During Jiuzhang's research and development, scalable quantum control technology has been developed, providing a technical foundation for the development of fault-tolerant universal quantum computers.

"This paves the way for universal quantum computers, which is estimated by the academic community to be achieved in 10-15 years, said Lu.

In 2021, the team led by Pan developed the 133-photon-based Jiuzhang 2.0 and a 66-qubit programmable superconducting quantum computing system named Zuchongzhi 2.1, making China the only country to achieve a quantum computational advantage in two mainstream technical routes - one via photonics quantum computing technology and the other via superconducting quantum computing technology.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The University of Science and Technology of China is developing quantum computing technologies and has achieved a significant milestone by building the fastest quantum computer in the world.

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Content: In brief: The US Department of Commerce has banned dealings with 27 foreign entities based in China, Japan, Pakistan, and Singapore. Eight are developing quantum computing technologies, which the US has now recognized as a national security concern.

All eight entities developing quantum computing technologies were found to be pursuing potential military applications on behalf of the Chinese government. Three of them were found to be acquiring or attempting to acquire American technologies to assist them.

The Department of Commerce believes that quantum computing could support a number of military applications that China is interested in, including "counter-stealth and counter-submarine applications, and the ability to break encryption or develop unbreakable encryption."

One of the eight entities was the quantum computing branch of the University of Science and Technology of China, which claimed to have built the fastest quantum computer in the world earlier this year. It theorized that the computer was two to three times faster than America’s best.

Several of the entities have downplayed the bans. QuantumCTek is describing the situation as "manageable," according to Nikkei Asia. It said that because it owns the essential technologies and mostly relies on Chinese sources, it was never dependent on the US.

Of the 19 non-quantum computing entities that were also banned, three were Chinese-owned companies based in China, Japan, and Singapore selling American technology to Iran’s military and space programs and North Korean front companies.

The remaining 16 were blacklisted because they’ve contributed to Pakistan’s "unsafeguarded nuclear activities or ballistic missile program." Some are based in Pakistan, while others are Chinese. Curiously, one was a refrigeration and air conditioning company.

In addition to the banned entities list, the Department of Commerce also maintains a list of entities that have a military end-user (MEU) for their products. The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology has been added to that list.

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is leading in state funding for quantum technologies, with an investment of $15.3 billion in 2022, surpassing Europe and the United States.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is leading in state funding for quantum technologies, with an estimated $15.2bn public investment announced by the Chinese government.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?