Companies like Google and IBM are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

Google, IBM, and the Chinese University of Science and Technology are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

The United States and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, leveraging its potential to transform various industries.

The US and China are leading countries in quantum computing, with the UAE also investing in the sector.

The US and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, with the UAE also making efforts to create an attractive investment environment for the technology.

China is the country investing heavily in quantum computing.

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development with the creation of a 504-qubit quantum computer, making it the most productive in the country.

China is currently leading in quantum computing research, with the Chinese University of Science and Technology developing a quantum computer significantly faster than Google's.

"Google achieved quantum supremacy using its Sycamore quantum processor in 2019."

Eternal Mind Inc's quantum computing data center is located in the United States, specifically in Limestone, Maine.

Finland's first operational quantum computer is a 5-qubit computer, developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and IQM.

The University of Science and Technology of China is a leading institution in the development of quantum computing technologies, having successfully constructed a 255-photon-based prototype quantum computer.

China is leading in state funding for quantum technologies, with an investment of $15.3 billion in 2022, surpassing Europe and the United States.

Companies like Google and IBM are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

Title:

Content: Monday, 25 March 2024 02: 58 GMT
UAE invests in ‘ quantum computing ’ to look to the future
(MENAFN- Al-Bayan)
The UAE is investing in the sector of quantum computing, which is expected to reach a global market value of $1 trillion in 2035, as one of the fastest expanding fields of technology in the world and because of its innovative applications capable of solving challenges in many sectors, because of its strength and speed in calculating physical phenomena, compared to traditional computers.
The UAE aims to invest in quantum computing to enable innovation and a knowledge and sustainable economy through the Quantum Research Center and UAE institutes and universities to explore the future of this vital sector. The Institute of Technology Innovation ’ s (TII) Quantitative Research Center is working to build the first quantum computer in the UAE, according to the Interregional Center for Strategic Analytics in Abu Dhabi.
The UAE has quickly realized the benefits of the quantum computing sector in all sectors and fields, especially in the economy and scientific research, as part of the country ’ s long-term strategies to keep pace with the global technological development represented by the fourth industrial revolution and artificial intelligence, which will change the face of the world in the coming years.
IDC expects global investments in quantum computing to reach $16.4 billion by the end of 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.5%, which includes investments by the public and private sectors and R & D spending from technology, services and finance companies.
There is growing interest in quantum computing by global government agencies, with 14 of them (13 countries plus the European Union) announcing multi-year initiatives that will generate billions of dollars for quantum computing research.
The center said that the UAE is among the 50 projects working to create an attractive investment environment for investments in new and future sectors, including quantum computing technology.
According to Accenture Middle East, quantum computing technology is advancing rapidly, making it a promising technology sector.
The US and China dominate the quantum computing sector to take advantage of the features of the new technological revolution that has enabled scientists to study the basic particles of matter, whose applications have multiplied across different fields despite their relative novelty, promising radical transformations for any industry dependent on speed and processing power, including aerospace, automotive, medicine and others.
Quantum computing technologies have a huge market value, with quantum computing alone expected to reach a global market value of $1 trillion by 2035.
Quantum technology has played a role in many areas, including complex mathematical models, simulations, electronic devices, CT scanners and many others, as it has the potential to revolutionize the way humans communicate and process information at record speeds.
The most prominent areas of use of quantum computing can be found in many fields of military, communications and medicine, and can address economic crises and challenges quickly, and there is no doubt that quantum computing technology can change the map of national industries.
Major technology companies are leading efforts to develop quantum computing, with Google Research Lab and IBM, which built one of the largest quantum computers in the field, and the Chinese University of Science and Technology has developed a quantum computer that is 10 billion times faster than the computer developed by Google.
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What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Google, IBM, and the Chinese University of Science and Technology are leading in quantum computing development, with notable achievements including the development of one of the largest quantum computers and a quantum computer 10 billion times faster than Google's.

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The United States and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, leveraging its potential to transform various industries.

The US and China are leading countries in quantum computing, with the UAE also investing in the sector.

The US and China are currently leading in quantum computing development, with the UAE also making efforts to create an attractive investment environment for the technology.

China is the country investing heavily in quantum computing.

Title:

Content: US-China technology war threatens scientific progress
US-China technology war threatens scientific progress
The world is currently witnessing an escalating technological war between the United States and China, while Europe is also participating in it, but only timidly, as its efforts to maintain technological supremacy decline due to stagnation in this area.
As the major powers in that war seek to protect themselves from technological dependency, it could threaten the world ’ s progress and prosperity by fragmenting it into competing technological worlds.
Hiba Muhyi
German writer Wolfgang Hearn published a book in 2024 entitled “The Technological War between China and the United States and the European Position on Competition ”, in which he discusses the historical role of these major powers in supporting the march of technological progress, and the most important technological fields that are grappling with, especially quantum computing, artificial intelligence, biotechnology and others, as well as the dangers of this conflict and the feasibility of cooperation between powers in the technological field.
The book traces the knowledge and technological contributions of the United States, China and Europe, noting that Washington established modern global technological development when the Second Industrial Revolution began with the discovery of electricity and the Third Industrial Revolution with the introduction of computers.
This was followed by innovations such as the Internet and electronic chips.
According to a report published by the Future Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, this American success is due to the availability of elements of knowledge (universities and research bodies) and capital.
China contributed to historical technological development during the period (960 – 1279 AD) through the invention of paper, printing art, powder gunpowder and magnetic compass, followed by a rapid decline due to, inter alia, the Opium Wars, the end of the Empire, and civil wars, until China intensified efforts to achieve a slow recovery beginning in 1978, and then a strong rise during the last two decades.
Europe experienced the first industrial revolution a hundred years ago, as it pioneered natural sciences and medicine at the time, but there is now a marked decline in several technological areas when compared to Beijing and Washington, and this affected leading European industries, such as the automotive industry; where leading companies, such as Volkswagen, lag in the areas of autonomous and automated driving.
The book offers several technological areas in which conflicts between major powers arise, as follows:
Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence applications aim to simulate the human mind in its patterns of thinking and processing of data, which makes the performance of complex tasks entrusted to it.
The United States provides support to companies involved in this field, resulting in the launch of ChatGT in 2022, which can be used to obtain high-quality and accurate answers on various topics.
China has banned the app and created its latest emulator, Ernie Bot, which was launched in 2023.
European efforts to invest in artificial intelligence appeared disappointing, with the German minister of research presenting a plan of action aimed at investing about 1.6 billion euros by 2025 in the field.
Semiconductors or electronic chips are used in various low-tech devices, from washing machines to missiles, a US invention that emerged in the 1950s, but two companies currently monopolize the field: Samsung in South Korea and TSMC in Taiwan, and Beijing, Washington and Europe cannot compete, at least in the near term.
Digital transformation: Digital transformation aims to embed technological technologies into business and social processes and interactions.
Washington and Beijing dominate this area, the first is the main founder of the four Internet giants Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon, while the second contributed three rival giants, namely: Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent, while Europe is at the bottom of the list of leading companies such as: Zalando and Otto.
Quantum computing and quantum theory: The field of quantum computing is based on combining disciplines, such as computer science, physics and mathematics, using quantum theory to achieve sophisticated analytical processing of data that ordinary computers cannot process with the same speed and accuracy.
This contributes to breakthroughs in many fields, such as medicine, by making it possible to diagnose and treat diseases cheaply such as Alzheimer ’ s, epilepsy and Parkinson ’ s.
It also alters war strategies by creating a radar based on quantum technologies that can track and locate an adversary.
China tops the list of investors in this new technology.
According to U.S. consulting firm McKinsey, Chinese investment reached $15.3 billion in 2022.
It was followed by Europe with $7.2 billion and the United States with $3.7 billion.
• Energy generation: States are seeking to exploit technology to provide promising and safe ways to generate energy from it, nuclear fusion (the production of an artificial sun), which is based on the idea of merging two light atomic nuclei of hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium to produce one heavier atomic nucleus of a new element, helium, as happens on the surface of the sun.
This fusion is accompanied by the emission of four times the amount of energy produced by nuclear fission reactions.
However, there are obstacles to the actual implementation of this technology, such as the need to provide high temperatures of up to 100 million degrees Celsius to ensure that no long-term greenhouse gases or radioactive waste is produced.
Despite the difficulty of using fusion in power generation in the near future until 2050, countries are sparing no effort to develop this technology; China has developed several nuclear fusion reactors, the latest of which is the advanced experimental Tokamak designed to provide temperatures of up to 120 million degrees Celsius in 2022.
The United States is also interested in supporting related research and partnering with Japan this year to accelerate nuclear fusion development.
Europe is also making concrete efforts in this area through the joint European-Japanese project JT-60SA in 2022.
Biotechnology and medicine: applications of digital health care, genetic foods, and genetic scissors (Chris BR), which refers to a technique used to cut and modify DNA in a targeted way; genes can be inserted, removed, or disabled, whether in plants, animals, or humans; making its use ethically accountable, especially if applied to humans.
China uses it in agriculture to ensure the production of genetic foods and provide needed food for its people, while the United States approved the first treatment for sickle cell disease late last year, and the use of the technology in Europe faces strict legal rules according to the judgment of the European Court of Justice in 2018.
Space travel: The United States, China and Russia have paid special attention to space by sending missions and spaceflight to the Moon and Mars.
But competition between Washington and Beijing has now subsided as Moscow has been hit by financial crises.
The technological impulse of Washington and Beijing supports the economic impulse in this area: the need to mine space and reveal its resources that can be used, and for Europe it does not yet have an ambitious and practical policy to invade space.
Patents and people: The United States tops the list, with its universities, research centers and capital, while China filed nearly 3 million patents in 2023, of which only 10 percent were accepted.
Germany is a European power in the field of patents, but has been in decline recently, according to the German government ’ s report on the future strategy for research and innovation.
Because the human element is the most important link in the development of technology and the registration of patents, the major powers take several ways to prepare the human element, especially in the fields of mathematics, computer science, natural sciences and technology, but suffer a huge gap between supply and demand.
But China has two competitive advantages: huge numbers graduate each year from universities, and an active policy of sending students and scientists abroad to study and train and then calling them back when needed.
According to the book, the technological struggle between major powers cannot be confined to the former; there are other promising areas.
In the military field, combat drones and autonomous military robots can be built that make decisions on the battlefield autonomously without the need for human intervention.
At the urban level, smart cities can be created that rely on the Internet of Things to do their functions quickly and with a high degree of accuracy, such as facilitating traffic in those cities, rationalizing the energy used and environmental monitoring for any potential environmental risks.
Technology cooperation between China, the United States and Europe is crucial, especially in the circumstances of climate change, energy crises and migration, especially as the continuation of the technological war will lead to a global rise in prices, a decline in welfare rates and a decline in global total production by 7 percent, according to economists at the International Monetary Fund.
It is expected that the current technological war between Beijing and Washington will lead to technical fragmentation, as two different technological worlds, one American and the other Chinese, may arise, as has already happened with the Internet, resulting in increased costs for consumers and producers and a slowdown in the desired development to prevent the exchange of knowledge and technology between the two worlds.
While the writer understands the need for countries to protect their economies and technological progress from falling into the trap of dependence, the solution is to take an approach aimed at reducing those risks by diversifying relations with many international actors and forming alliances rather than cutting trade and technology ties, as happened between the United States and China in the trade war launched by former US President Donald Trump.
arabic

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

China's "Zu Chongzhi-2" quantum supremacy experiment

China's "Jiuzhang-2" quantum supremacy experiment

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

China's 113-qubit Jiuzhang 2.0
China's 72-qubit Origin Wukong

China is at the forefront of quantum computing development with the creation of a 504-qubit quantum computer, making it the most productive in the country.

Title:

Content: China gives users cloud access to 504 qubit quantum computer
Digital and Social Media
Archival Image
Copy Link https: / / www.rt.com / xfrn
China Telecom Quantum Group and QuantumCTek will develop a quantum computer based on a new 504-qubit chip.
Qubits are the basic unit of information in quantum processors and quantum computing.
According to Xinhua, the quantum computer will become the most productive in China, and its computing power will be available via the cloud to a wide range of users around the world.
The superconducting chip, called Xiaohong, developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences ’ Innovative Research Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, will become the most powerful in China, capable of performing kilocopit measurements, the agency said.
The developer team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences said the chip's technical specifications will compete with international advanced developments in quantum computers.
China Telecom Quantum Group deputy general manager Fan Zhang said the chip will enable users in various fields to conduct research on problems and algorithms of practical importance and accelerate the implementation of quantum computing in practice.
He added that his company will develop on the basis of the new chip the local quantum computer and through its own cloud platform will provide foreign users with access to its computing power.
In November 2019, Rosatom announced the launch of a project to develop a local quantum computer.
The cost of the project is estimated at 24 billion rubles.
In order to realize the project, the National Quantum Laboratory was established in 2020, which included JV Kvant, the Russian Quantum Center and 19 leading universities in the country.
Source: TASS
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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is currently leading in quantum computing research, with the Chinese University of Science and Technology developing a quantum computer significantly faster than Google's.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

China's 113-qubit Jiuzhang 2.0
China's 72-qubit Origin Wukong

"Google achieved quantum supremacy using its Sycamore quantum processor in 2019."

Title:

Content: Google, IBM and China have already achieved quantum supremacy. Now they face another challenge: the correction of errors

Quantum supremacy is no longer at the center of the debate. It was at the end of 2019 because it came to light that the Google team led by John Martinis had managed to achieve it using its Sycamore quantum processor, and no one had done it until that moment. The noise that this news caused when it broke was justified.

But a year later, in December 2020, the group of Chinese researchers led by Jian-Wei Pan published an article in Science showing that I had also reached using its Zuchongzhi superconducting processor. And a year later, in November 2021, IBM followed suit and announced that it had reached this milestone using its 127-qubit Eagle quantum processor.

At this point no one doubts that quantum computers have come a long way. And, furthermore, they have done it in a real record time if we bear in mind that the first solid theoretical proposals arrived in the mid-1990s. And they are already capable of solving a few problems (very few still). in much less time than the most advanced supercomputers we currently have.

In fact, this is what quantum supremacy consists of: in solving in a short period of time, a few minutes or a few hours, a problem in which a classical supercomputer would spend many years. Even several centuries. Or millennia. Right now it is not too important whether these problems have practical applications or not. Whether or not they are relevant. We are still establishing the foundations of quantum computing, and the important thing is to face the challenges that are around the corner.

In search of higher quality qubits

One of the biggest challenges facing researchers involved in the development of quantum computing is delaying the onset of quantum decoherence. This phenomenon occurs when the necessary conditions for a system that is in an entangled quantum state to be maintained disappear.

Perhaps a slightly simpler way of describing it is to see it as a system that stops behaving as dictated by the rules of quantum mechanics when certain conditions are met, beginning to behave from that moment on as dictated by the rules of classical physics. . When does quantum decoherence appear? quantum effects disappear. And, therefore, also the advantages that they bring in the context of quantum computing.

The time it takes for quantum decoherence to appear is closely linked to the quality of the qubits

This phenomenon is very important because it helps us understand why many macroscopic physical systems do not exhibit quantum effects. Or, what is the same, why in our daily environment we cannot observe the counterintuitive effects of quantum mechanics. In any case, what is really relevant is that as the the quality of the qubits of a quantum processor, the longer it takes for quantum decoherence to appear. And, for this reason, we have more time available to carry out operations with it.

The two qubit fabrication technologies that are currently giving us the best results are superconducting qubits, which benefit greatly from recent advances in silicon lithography, and ion traps. However, some research groups also have other very promising technologies on the table that are worth pursuing, such as neutral atoms or the ions implanted in macromolecules.

IBM already has a 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor, and by the end of 2023 it plans to have Condor ready, a promising quantum chip with no less than 1,121 qubits.

We already brush the correction of errors with the tips of our fingers

The other big challenge facing quantum computing right now is error correction. Quantum computers make errors when carrying out some operations, and when this happens, the results they return to us are not correct, of course. The problem is that implementing a quantum error correction protocol it’s not trivial. And furthermore, if they abound, it is essentially impossible to correct them and simultaneously prevent the quantum processor’s efficiency from sinking.

Fortunately, we have good news. As we told you a few days ago, three independent research groups have managed to perfect superconducting qubits that have an accuracy greater than 99%. This simply means that they make mistakes very infrequently, and the good news is that when they are so infrequent it is easier to correct them. Much easier.

When the incidence of errors is less than 1%, it is much easier for quantum fault-correction protocols to carry out their task

In fact, these research groups ensure that when the incidence of errors is less than 1% quantum fault-correction protocols find it much easier to do their job. At the moment they are working with only one or two qubits, and these quantum processors are too simple to solve significant problems, but if they manage to scale this technology to many more qubits, quantum computers could leave behind one of the biggest challenges they currently face. .

As we have just seen, quantum computing is advancing at a breakneck pace. The entry of private companies in this sector you are greatly accelerating your progress, but before we get carried away with enthusiasm, it is important that we keep in mind that there are other challenges that are also crucial to solve.

Two of the most substantial are the need to control qubits more precisely, and also the importance of implementing new quantum algorithms that they are able to help us tackle the problems that we cannot solve with the most powerful classical supercomputers that we have today. Still, the future for quantum computing is hopeful. And, above all, very promising.

Pictures | IBM

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

Google's Sycamore quantum supremacy experiment

Eternal Mind Inc's quantum computing data center is located in the United States, specifically in Limestone, Maine.

Title:

Content: AI Quantum Computing Data Center holds grand opening at Loring

Published: May. 17, 2023 at 12:27 PM EDT|Updated: 32 minutes ago

LIMESTONE, Maine (WAGM) -An AI Quantum Computing Company will now have a home at the former Loring Air Force Base. NewsSource 8 was at the grand opening of the new data center and has more on how the technology will fuel the future of AI Development.

“Everyone hears the news about CHATGPT and everything that goes along with that. This is kinda the next stepping stone. CHATGPT and all these AI systems, they need this particular hardware to run off of and we are doing it here in Maine,” says Avery Thomas the President and CEO of Eternal Mind Inc, a Kennebunk based AI Quantum Computing Company.

On Monday, they held a grand opening and tour of their new data center in the same building as a previous Air Force Data Center, which Thomas says came in handy.

“The cool thing about that is you can see all of the resources are still here, we’ve still got the existing cooling systems we’ve got the existing battery backups...This right here is actually a raised floor that is very unique for data centers. It’s usually used to run data and power through so it’s easier to access,” said Thomas.

Thomas adds that the computers going in this data center are not like the computer on your desk, but sophisticated computers that use physics instead of transistors.

“You could probably put 2 or 3 in this room but it’s not like a traditional computer. It’s not like what you see in this rack right here which is a traditional server. They’re actually computers which are on a racking system but they are suspended in the air,” Thomas explained.

There are many different uses for Quantum Computers, Thomas says, such as Financial Services like predicting the stock market, or Medical Providers to help predict what effects medications would have on humans.

“Quantum Computers are actually needed for AI, specifically companies like CHATGPT, Google and Microsoft. They need these large scale data centers and infrastructures to actually run their models,” said Thomas.

Thomas started this company as a way to help stay ahead of the technological curve and says this data center is one of the first of it’s kind in the US.

“So I’m not gonna say even just for the county, or the state of Maine or even the US. We’re one of the only places in the US thats working on a quantum computer startup. There are other companies on the west coast like Google, IBM and Microsoft that are building up large scale data centers but we are one of the first startups that are doing it here, in Limestone Maine, right now,” Thomas said.

Thomas says their first quantum computers should be installed and running in early June.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Finland's first operational quantum computer is a 5-qubit computer, developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and IQM.

Title:

Content: ISSN 2330-717X

Finland’s First 5-Qubit Quantum Computer Is Now Operational

By

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland recently announced that the country’s first operational 5-qubit quantum computer is up and running. Together with the quantum computing hardware startup IQM, VTT has taken its first steps to enable the building of quantum computers that will be both scalable and easier to manufacture, allowing more companies to begin their quantum computing journey.

The incredible computing performance of quantum computers makes it possible to solve problems that are beyond the capabilities of modern high-performance computers. In the future, quantum computers will be used, for instance, to accurately model viruses and drugs or used to design materials that are challenging to design with today’s technology.

“The development of quantum computing will affect all industries. Our experience in building the quantum computer, and our know-how in developing quantum algorithms will help us develop quantum foresight to, for example, identify future trends and support companies in understanding how and when their business will be affected,” says Pekka Pursula, Research Manager at VTT. “The best way to do this will be for companies to work together with VTT, and actually use our new hardware.”

The now-unveiled 5-qubit quantum computer is located at Micronova, part of OtaNano, the national research infrastructure for micro and nanotechnology, jointly run by VTT and Aalto University.

The big challenge in quantum computing is scalability. Quantum physicists and engineers around the world are trying to figure out how to scale quantum computing hardware to include hundreds and thousands of qubits, scale up the production in an economically efficient way, and scale algorithms and use of quantum computing in real-life applications.

VTT has 30 years of expertise in quantum technology research and excellent facilities to work on hardware scaling. The scaling of the use requires VTT to work hand-in-hand with the companies to develop algorithms for specific applications.

“Today’s announcement marks an important milestone for IQM and for the European quantum initiatives. With the completion of this phase, IQM will become one of the very few quantum companies that can deliver an on-premises quantum computer to a customer. I congratulate our partners, VTT and also the entire IQM team who has managed to deliver this ambitious milestone during the pandemic. This is just the first phase of the delivery and because of our ability to upgrade the systems, we are looking forward to working with VTT on delivering the 20-qubit and the 50-qubit systems,” says Dr. Jan Goetz, CEO and co-founder of IQM

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

The University of Science and Technology of China is a leading institution in the development of quantum computing technologies, having successfully constructed a 255-photon-based prototype quantum computer.

Title:

Content: LINE

Text:AAAPrint
Sci-tech

China secures world-leading computational power with freshly unveiled quantum computer prototype

2023-10-12 08:59:07Global Times Editor : Li Yan ECNS App Download

Introductory illustration to the Jiuzhang 3.0 quantum computer prototype. (Photo/Courtesy of University of Science and Technology of China)

With the successful development of the Jiuzhang 3.0 quantum computer prototype, which makes use of 255 detected photons, China continues to hold a world-leading position in the field of quantum computer research and development, lead scientists for the program told the Global Times on Wednesday.

The research team, composed of renowned quantum physicists Pan Jianwei and Lu Chaoyang from the University of Science and Technology of China in collaboration with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, announced the successful construction of a 255-photon-based prototype quantum computer named Jiuzhang 3.0 early Wednesday morning.

The quantum computing feat accomplished by the team of talents achieves a speed that is 10 quadrillion times faster in solving Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) problems compared with the world's fastest supercomputers.

According to a press release Pan's team provided to the Global Times on Wednesday, this achievement has once again "renewed the world record in the field of optical quantum information technology, solving the mathematical problem of Gaussian boson sampling 10 quadrillion times faster than the current fastest supercomputer in the world, taking an important step toward the development of quantum computers."

The study was published online in the journal Physical Review Letters early Wednesday morning.

Meanwhile, according to the publicly disclosed optimal algorithm, the speed of Jiuzhang 3.0 in processing Gaussian boson sampling is one million times faster than its predecessor, the 133-photon-based Jiuzhang 2.0. Jiuzhang 2.0 could calculate the most complex sample in 1 microsecond, while the current fastest supercomputer Frontier would take more than 20 billion years to do the same calculation, according to the press release.

Lu Chaoyang, a key member of the research team, explained that quantum computing is specially designed for solving highly complicated calculations while the simpler calculations are the job of regular computers. This is why the comparison was made between the Jiuzhang 3.0 and supercomputers.

Currently, the prototype is used for calculation of graph theory related problems and in the future it will also be used in the field of material design, Lu told the Global Times on Wednesday.

According to the scientist, developing quantum computers is one of the biggest challenges at the forefront of current world technology. During Jiuzhang's research and development, scalable quantum control technology has been developed, providing a technical foundation for the development of fault-tolerant universal quantum computers.

"This paves the way for universal quantum computers, which is estimated by the academic community to be achieved in 10-15 years, said Lu.

In 2021, the team led by Pan developed the 133-photon-based Jiuzhang 2.0 and a 66-qubit programmable superconducting quantum computing system named Zuchongzhi 2.1, making China the only country to achieve a quantum computational advantage in two mainstream technical routes - one via photonics quantum computing technology and the other via superconducting quantum computing technology.

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What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

China is leading in state funding for quantum technologies, with an investment of $15.3 billion in 2022, surpassing Europe and the United States.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?