Below is a summarized report focusing on the **export market of China’s J-10 fighter jet**.

This distillation covers global buyers, buyer feedback, and media commentary, based on the provided extracts and current open-source knowledge.

---

### **Export and Sales: Countries Involved**

**Pakistan** is the only confirmed export customer of the J-10 so far.

Reports from early 2022 confirmed Pakistan Air Force’s (PAF) acquisition of the **J-10C** variant, with the first batch inducted in March 2022.

PAF leadership and Pakistani media call the acquisition a response to India’s purchase of Rafale fighters; Pakistan seeks to fill the air combat gap with this 4.5-generation multirole jet.

**Other Nations:** As of 2024, there are **no confirmed J-10 exports** beyond Pakistan, though Chinese sources and some media periodically mention possibilities of Algeria, Iran, or Middle Eastern nations showing interest.

However, no deals have been concluded or officially announced.

---

### **Feedback from Buyers (Primarily Pakistan)**

- **Pakistani Statements**: The PAF leadership has expressed satisfaction, emphasizing the J-10C’s advanced radar (AESA), electronic warfare suite, and compatibility with Chinese air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles.

It is seen as technologically competitive in its class, particularly with the inclusion of thrust vector control and modern avionics.

- **Operational Context**: The jet serves alongside the JF-17 as a higher-end platform.

Pakistani commentary suggests the J-10C offers an affordable, modern alternative to Western fighters, boosting the country's air combat capabilities.

---

### **Media and Analyst Commentary**

**Chinese Media and Officials** highlight the J-10C’s:
- **Thrust vectoring, engine upgrades** (WS-10 series), and growing production scale.

- Role in mixed formations with J-20 and J-16 fighters, enhancing overall air force flexibility.

- Cost-effectiveness and incrementally closing the performance gap with Western jets.

**Western and Regional Analysts** generally offer a nuanced view:
- **Performance:** Recognized as roughly equivalent to 4.5-generation mainstays (F-16V, Rafale, Gripen E), but still trailing behind Western fifth-generation fighters in stealth and systems integration.

- **Export Potential:** Observers note relatively **limited export success** so far.

The J-10 is competitive on price but struggles against Western fighters and, in some cases, Russian jets, except where cost, political alignment, or sanctions push buyers toward Chinese options.

- **Perception Issues:** Concerns linger over long-term reliability, after-sales support, and the operational experience of Chinese combat aircraft outside PLA service.

Comparisons are often drawn with the Russian Su-27 family and Israeli Lavi, from which the J-10 allegedly draws inspiration.

---

### **Summary**

- **Only confirmed sale**: Pakistan (J-10C variant, inducted 2022+)
- **Feedback**: Positive from Pakistan, with its advanced features lauded; viewed as a cost-effective, high-capability fighter.

- **Media/Commentary**: J-10C gains technological respect but faces skepticism regarding its export reach, reliability, and ability to rival Western or top-tier Russian platforms.

Commentary often situates its strengths in cost and plausible capabilities rather than technological supremacy.

- **Export prospects**: Watchful waiting, but concrete foreign sales remain scarce beyond Pakistan as of mid-2024.

---

**Conclusion**: The J-10’s place in the global fighter market is growing, led by Pakistan’s adoption, but major breakthroughs in export success remain limited by competition, geopolitics, and enduring skepticism about Chinese high-end military platforms.

**Summary on the Export Market for China's J-10 Fighter Jet**

**Countries Involved and Potential Buyers**
- China is actively seeking to promote its fighter aircraft on the global market.

However, the J-10 fighter jet, while a workhorse of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), has seen limited export success to date.

- So far, the most prominent confirmed export customer for the J-10 is Pakistan, which finalized a deal in early 2022 to acquire at least 25 J-10CE “Vigorous Dragon” fighters, with delivery beginning the same year.

This sale is notable as it marks the J-10’s first confirmed sale outside of China.

- There have been recurring rumors about interest from countries like Iran and some Middle Eastern or African states, but as of mid-2024, no other J-10 export deals have been formally concluded or publicly confirmed.

- Iran is often discussed as a possible future customer due to warming Sino-Iranian defense ties.

However, as per open-source defense analysis, Iran has more publicly focused on Russian Su-35s as of late 2023-2024.

**Buyer Feedback and Evaluations**
- The J-10CE acquisition by Pakistan was announced enthusiastically by officials as “a historic moment,” with the jet touted as a supplement to the JF-17 and an answer to India’s Rafale procurement.

- Pakistani military commentators praise J-10CE for its AESA radar, modern avionics, and compatibility with advanced Chinese air-to-air missiles like the PL-15 and PL-10.

There is an expectation that the J-10CE will provide enhanced air defense and multirole capabilities.

- No significant negative feedback has emerged publicly from Pakistan yet, as the aircraft are recently delivered and still being inducted and integrated.

- Note: No other user nation is currently in a position to publicly evaluate the J-10.

**Media and Expert Commentary**
- Western analysts and aviation media generally characterize the J-10 as a 4th-generation+ fighter, likening it to the F-16 in terms of size, agility, and role, but often note its technological dependence on imported engines (Russian AL-31F) in earlier batches and its lack of the “fifth-generation” features of the J-20.

- Chinese media tout the J-10, particularly the “C” and “CE” variants, as agile, well-armed, and equipped with advanced avionics.

- Commentary suggests the J-10CE’s export potential is limited by competition from China’s own JF-17, which is cheaper and already well-established in several developing countries.

- Some regional commentators describe the J-10CE as “an unpleasant surprise” for regional powers like India, due to its relative sophistication in the South Asian context.

- There is caution among foreign analysts regarding its combat-proven status, indigenous engine reliability, and the quality of Chinese after-sales support.

**Summary**
To date, the export market for the J-10 is limited, with Pakistan as the sole foreign operator.

Feedback from this sale is positive, emphasizing the fighter’s modern electronics and multi-role potential.

However, skepticism in global media remains about its broader competitiveness, especially given competition from both Western (F-16, Rafale) and Russian types, and uncertainty over future support and operational reliability.

The J-10’s export future may hinge on China’s ability to offer attractive pricing, transfer-of-technology, and continued improvements in indigenous subsystems (especially engines).

**Summary: Export Market and Evaluations of China’s J-10 Fighter Jet**

**Buyers and Potential Buyers**
- The most prominent export customer for the Chinese J-10 fighter jet is Pakistan.

Pakistan confirmed the purchase of the J-10C, becoming the first known international customer.

The jets were acquired to bolster Pakistan’s air defense capabilities, with some analysts viewing the move as an answer to India’s acquisition of Dassault Rafale jets from France.

- There are intermittent reports and speculation in open-source media regarding other potential buyers, such as Turkey and some Middle Eastern countries (usually as alternatives in case of U.S. or European restrictions), but there is no official confirmation of any J-10 sales beyond Pakistan as of mid-2024.

- The Turkish case: Some Turkish media and commentators have floated the J-10 as a possible replacement for the F-16 in the event of continued U.S. export challenges, but no concrete steps have been reported.

- Other potential customers (e.g., Bangladesh, Egypt, Iran) have been mentioned in regional media, but as of now these are not substantiated by contracts or deliveries.

**Feedback from Buyers**
- Pakistan officially presented the J-10C as a “game-changer,” praising its capabilities such as advanced avionics, AESA radar, compatibility with modern air-to-air missiles (like the PL-15), and multi-role flexibility.

The speed of delivery and perceived technological leap over older platforms were also praised.

- Pakistani commentators usually compare the J-10C favorably against legacy fighters and see it as on par, or even slightly superior in some aspects, to Indian aircraft acquired in recent years.

They have also pointed to its easier maintenance and upgrade path compared to Western jets.

- No negative official feedback from Pakistan has been reported publicly.

Official statements and local defense analysts mainly highlight positive attributes related to operational readiness, cost, and maintenance.

**Commentary and Media Evaluation**
- International commentators tend to have mixed views.

The J-10C is regularly cited as a credible “F-16 class” multirole fighter with the benefit of modern Chinese avionics, and for export, boasts comparatively fast delivery times and fewer political restrictions than Western alternatives.

- Some defense experts warn that the J-10C, despite being advanced, likely lags behind late-generation Western fighters (e.g., F-35, Rafale) in stealth, sensor fusion, and engine reliability.

Persistent questions remain about the long-term maintenance, service-life costs, and real-world combat performance outside China.

- Media outlets often note that the J-10C is a demonstration of China’s growing aerospace industrial base and as a strategic tool in Sino-Pakistani relations.

There is also frequent mention of possible technology transfer concerns and espionage in its development.

1.9 tons).

Below is a summarized report focusing on the **export market of China’s J-10 fighter jet**.

Title:

Content: What's new

India’s AMCA ‘Stealth Fighters’ Enter Production Stage, How Does It Jet Stack-Up Against China’s J-20 Mighty Dragon?

beijingwalker

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India’s AMCA ‘Stealth Fighters’ Enter Production Stage, How Does It Jet Stack-Up Against China’s J-20 Mighty Dragon?

BySakshi Tiwari

March 21, 2022

The fifth-generation J-20 ‘Mighty Dragon’ is a prized possession of the Chinese PLA Air Force. With India’s prototype of AMCA going into production, will the Chinese stealth fighters have a potential challenger right across the border?

The Chengdu J-20 is a single-seat, multi-role stealth fighter that serves as a symbol of China’s growing air power as the plane has been featured prominently in military parades and air shows across the country.

Last year, the J-20 reportedly entered mass production after replacing the Russian AL-31F Turbofan engine with a domestically built WS-10. According to Chinese plans, the current WS-10C engine is further to be replaced by the latest and more advanced WS-15.

Chinese jets have traditionally been powered by Russian-made engines. China has long sought to develop its own engine and gain maximum flexibility, freeing itself from the constraints imposed by Russian engines. The successful integration of WS-15 on J-20s could be the next big breakthrough in self-sufficiency for China.

China’s next-generation turbofan engine, the WS-15, which is to dramatically boost the performance of the J-20 stealth fighter jet, has completed rigorous testing.

The WS-15 engine has undergone several tests, according to China Central Television (CCTV), after the WS-10, China’s first independently developed high performance, high thrust turbofan engine with afterburner, was installed on fighter jets such as the J-10, J-11, and J-20 since 2016.

The WS-15 has a low bypass ratio and is capable of thrust vector control, according to CCTV. It was developed for fifth-generation heavy and medium fighter jets. The J-20s were supposed to be integrated with the WS-15, but due to test failures, China decided to stick to the WS-10C.

The Chinese military now has a fleet of roughly 50 J-20s. New J-20s will be equipped with the WS-15 engine, said a report of South China Morning Post.

China has been relentlessly working to close the gap with the US Air Force and the upgrades that it is carrying out to the WS-10 engines are aimed at challenging the F-22 Raptors of the US.

This year, China will begin upgrading the J-20 engines by incorporating thrust vectoring technology to get it closer to the performance of the American F-22 Raptor, as previously reported by EurAsian Times.

File Image: J-20
The J-20 has also often been compared with another fifth-generation fighter Aircraft in the US arsenal, the F-35. China is reportedly on track to increase the production of its J-20 aircraft. This was perhaps in response to the American plan to field more than 2,000 F-35 stealth jets across its three armed services, besides Japan’s multibillion-dollar F-35 acquisition.

China had dispatched J-20s to air bases in Xinjiang following a bloody encounter with Indian forces at Galwan in eastern Ladakh in June 2020.

India’s AMCA Warplane

India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently announced the proverbial “metal cutting” for the first prototype of the country’s next-generation fighter jet, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft.

The maiden flight of the AMCA is scheduled for 2024-25, with serial production beginning in 2030, EurAsian Times had reported.

According to reports, the Indian Air Force has committed to 40 AMCA Mk-1 fighters, as well as at least 100 Mk-2 variants and some unmanned aircraft. Like the Chinese J-20, the stealthy AMCA is also going to have ‘super cruise’ capabilities.

With AMCA, India will enter the exclusive club of countries with fifth-generation stealth warplanes. So far, the US (F-35 and F-22 Raptors), Russia (Su-57), and China (J-20) have built such fighters.

An AMCA model displayed during Aero India 2021 (Wikimedia Commons)
Although it is unknown how the AMCA, which is yet to be manufactured, will exactly compete with the Chinese J-20,

According to Aeronautical Development Agency chief Girish Deodhare, the AMCA will be available in stealth and non-stealth variants and will be produced in two stages: an AMCA MK1 with an existing GE414 afterburning turbofan engine that powers the LCA Tejas, and an AMCA Mk2 with a new, more powerful engine that will be developed in collaboration with a foreign player.

India and France are now reportedly close to reaching an agreement for the joint development of a 125KN engine that will power AMCA. The deal is expected to be signed in the near future.

Some experts have speculated that the Indian Air Force would model its futuristic aircraft AMCA on the American F-35. If true, this could ensure greater interoperability between the Indian and US Air Forces and could come as a massive headache for the PLAAF.

AMCA will be a single-seat all-weather swing-role stealth fighter jet with twin turbofan engines. It will be capable of a wide range of operations, including air superiority, ground strikes, enemy air defense suppression, and electronic warfare. China is reportedly working on a two-seat variant of the J-20.

AMCA is designed for super-cruise capability and a reduced radar cross-section. Both these features that the AMCA strives to include are already present in the J-20 Mighty Dragon. Further, J-20 took its first flight a decade ago and was inducted in 2017 whereas the AMCA is yet to see the light of the day.

The 20-ton AMCA fighter would be able to carry one-and-a-half tons of armament in internal weapon bays in its stealth mode. The non-stealth variant would carry weapons, targeting and observation pods, as well as fuel tanks on external pylons under the wings and fuselage.

Further, like the indigenous LCA Tejas that wields Python missiles, Astra BVRAAM, Vympel R-77, and R-73 air-to-air missiles, the Kh-59ME TV guided stand-off missile and the Kh-59MK laser-guided stand-off missiles, the AMCA could be integrated with similar weapons. Just as India sought HAMMER missiles for LCA, advanced missiles could also be imported for the AMCA.

Indian media reported that the AMCA could be equipped with Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs) just as China’s J-20 is believed to get the DEWs, as previously revealed by a Global Times report.

The AMCA’s avionics suite will comprise modern radars and electronic warfare capabilities with “sixth-generation characteristics.” The plane will have a very low radar cross-section for better stealth, as well as AI-based technologies and an upgraded cockpit display with a touch screen interface.

All these specifications are expected to put the aircraft on par with the J-20. According to reports, the AMCA will also incorporate thrust-vectoring engines. The J-20 is on course to upgrade its WS-10 engines with thrust vectoring technology while the WS-15 already possesses this technology aimed at achieving better maneuverability.

Both the Chinese J-20 and Indian AMCA have air superiority as their primary objectives. While the Chinese Air Force developed its fifth-generation fighter years ago, the addition of a similar aircraft to IAF’s arsenal could create a balance of power between the two adversaries that are locked in a prolonged border standoff.

Rodeoface

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Its a long long way from production stage. Some bits are being assembled but that does not mean its entered production.
It will be some years before it flies

baqai

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i don't understand how can they jump from one project to another without finishing the first one?

i mean LCA is still not finished, the aircraft has not been inducted in the Airforce, not seen any combat, not seen any real life flying yet it is up for sale.

Reminds me of our politicians ... project hu na hu inauguration karwa du apnay naam ki

STREANH

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i don't understand how can they jump from one project to another without finishing the first one?

i mean LCA is still not finished, the aircraft has not been inducted in the Airforce, not seen any combat, not seen any real life flying yet it is up for sale.

Reminds me of our politicians ... project hu na hu inauguration karwa du apnay naam ki

Have you thought of the possibility that they have different teams for different projects?

Moreover, for the AMCA and the multi-role helicopter projects, the majority of the ownership is expected to be owned by a consortium of private sector companies with HAL being the minority stake holder. There is a huge difference in the working cultures of private and public sector companies in India.

Indos

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Its a long long way from production stage. Some bits are being assembled but that does not mean its entered production.
It will be some years before it flies

Yup, that is just a tiny part production, similar like KF21/IFX program there are some parts being produced in early 2019 despite detail design completion was in September 2019 ( for single seat variant), KF 21 roll out is in 2021 April.

So if we compare AMCA with KF21/IFX program, so AMCA prototype roll out will likely be in 2024 and test flight is in 2025 with assumption the development goes smoothly from now until the flight test.

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Top Bottom

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

This distillation covers global buyers, buyer feedback, and media commentary, based on the provided extracts and current open-source knowledge.

---

### **Export and Sales: Countries Involved**

**Pakistan** is the only confirmed export customer of the J-10 so far.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Reports from early 2022 confirmed Pakistan Air Force’s (PAF) acquisition of the **J-10C** variant, with the first batch inducted in March 2022.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

PAF leadership and Pakistani media call the acquisition a response to India’s purchase of Rafale fighters; Pakistan seeks to fill the air combat gap with this 4.5-generation multirole jet.

**Other Nations:** As of 2024, there are **no confirmed J-10 exports** beyond Pakistan, though Chinese sources and some media periodically mention possibilities of Algeria, Iran, or Middle Eastern nations showing interest.

Title:

Content: PLA Air force's development briefed at Airshow China 2021

Source
China Military Online
Editor
Wang Xinjuan
Time
2021-09-30 18:45:35
WZ-8 drone is displayed at the Airshow China 2021. (Photo/Xinhua)

By Li Jincheng and Li Jianwen

ZHUHAI, Sept. 30 -- The Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) held a press conference on September 29 during the 13th China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition (Airshow China) and introduced its development in recent years.

According to Lieutenant General Wang Wei, deputy commander of PLAAF, the J-20, Y-20, new type of UAVs, special-purpose combat planes, and a range of ground-based air defense weapons and new types of radars all joined the exhibition, fully demonstrating the PLAAF’s capability and confidence to defend the national air and space security, safeguard national unity, and contribute to the world peace.

Major General Wang Zhilong, deputy director of the PLAAF’s Equipment Department, said that the air force has conducted equipment development and capability enhancement targeted at plateau and maritime operations, giving a strong impetus to regular oceangoing and high-altitude training.

When introducing modified fighter jets such as the J-10C and J-16D, Wang explained that the J-10C is a multi-purpose fighter jet modified from J-10 with much improved overall combat efficiency, while the J-16D is a new type of electronic warfare aircraft (WEA) independently developed based on J-16 fighter jet. Following the guiding thought of “one generation in exploration, one generation under research, and one generation in service”, the PLAAF is developing weapons and equipment in a sustained, healthy and orderly manner toward the goal of building a world-class strategic air force that’s fully capable of protecting national sovereignty, security and development interests.

Tang Changhong, chief designer of the Y-20, explained that as a large multi-purpose transport plane integrating strategic and tactical performance, the Y-20 has accomplished all kinds of tasks since it was commissioned. It has basically met the design expectations and will continue to exert its value through constant improvements. Tang also said that Y-20 has had test flights with homemade engines and recorded exceptional performance.

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What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

However, no deals have been concluded or officially announced.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

---

### **Feedback from Buyers (Primarily Pakistan)**

- **Pakistani Statements**: The PAF leadership has expressed satisfaction, emphasizing the J-10C’s advanced radar (AESA), electronic warfare suite, and compatibility with Chinese air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles.

Title:

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PAF formally inducts Rafale rival China-made J-10C fighter jets

Web Desk BOL News

11th Mar, 2022. 02:25 pm
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KAMRA: The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) formally inducted a modern Chinese-made J-10C multi-role combat aircraft also known as “vigorous dragon” during a ceremony held at Kamra Airbase on Friday.

Prime Minister Imran Khan attended the induction ceremony of the single-engine fighter jet at the invitation of Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar, along with other federal ministers and the Chinese ambassador.

During the ceremony, The Prime Minister has witnessed a thrilling flypast of various aircraft formations, including the newly inducted J10C, F-16s, JF-17s, and Mirages, which displayed a sophisticated array of avionics and weaponry.

Read more: PAF’s acquisition of J10-C

Following the flypast, the Prime Minister witnessed the landing of five J-10C aircraft, which have been inducted into the 15 Squadron.

The J-10C is larger and can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar than the JF-17 Block 3 uses.

The aircraft can carry fourth-generation air-to-air missiles such as the short-range PL-10 and the beyond-visual-range PL-15.

According to a foreign media report, China will deliver a total of 25 J-10C fighter jets to Pakistan, significantly increasing the country’s military capability to defend airspace.

Read more: J-10C induction ceremony: Pakistan knows how to protect its boundaries, says Imran

After being tested in Chengdu, the first batch of combat aircraft arrived in Pakistan a few days ago.

Images of a Pakistan Air Force (PAF) J-10C fighter jet with the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) markings recently surfaced on social media and were widely circulated by media outlets.

Chinese analysts have praised the latest defence cooperation between China and Pakistan, saying that the move is significant for both countries because it strengthens the Pakistani military’s combat capabilities, promotes China’s aviation equipment, and serves regional security interests.

“The J-10C will significantly improve the Pakistan Air Force’s combat capabilities,” Chinese analysts predicted.

“The J-10C is a 4.5-generation medium-sized fighter jet that is more powerful than the China-Pakistan jointly developed lightweight fighter jet, the JF-17, which is currently in service with the Pakistan Air Force,” Shi Hong, Executive Chief Editor of Shipborne Weapons, told the Global Times.

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How is J-10C Fighter compared with JF-17, another jet fighter that China exports?

J-10 can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

It is seen as technologically competitive in its class, particularly with the inclusion of thrust vector control and modern avionics.

Title:

Content: What's new

China’s Stealth Fighter Designer Critiques U.S. B-21 Bomber Development Pace

beijingwalker

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China’s Stealth Fighter Designer Critiques U.S. B-21 Bomber Development Pace

on 23 December 2023

In a lecture aimed at dissecting the evolution of air warfare, Yang Wei, the chief designer of China’s leading-edge J-20 stealth fighter, scrutinized the developments surrounding America’s B-21 Raider stealth bomber. Yang compared the philosophies underlying military aviation advancements in China and the United States, suggesting that China’s approach to research and development outpaces that of its American counterpart. The analysis of the U.S. B-21 Raider’s progress and the broader implications of this comparison has sparked interest and commentary throughout the defense community.

China’s military advances have been notable not only for their technological aspects but also for their speed. According to Yang Wei, this is exemplified in China’s adoption of digital engineering, which enables faster development cycles compared to American methods. Yang’s critique extended beyond a simple one-upmanship of aircraft capabilities, targeting the fundamental R&D approaches between the two powers. Moreover, his speech hinted at deeper collaboration with China’s Academy of Engineering Physics, spurring speculation about China integrating nuclear capabilities onto their fighter jets, a strategic shift from China’s historically defensive nuclear posture.

This evolving strategy aligns with China’s broader military developments. Enhancing the J-20 stealth fighter with a nuclear strike capability could offer China a more immediate nuclear deterrent while the development of the H-20 bomber continues. The J-20’s advanced stealth characteristics could potentially enable it to execute penetrating nuclear strikes with a greater probability of evading detection and defensive measures. With both nations advancing their military aviation technology, the competition underscores not just advancements in technical capabilities, but also in strategic doctrine.
In sum, the insights from Yang Wei’s talk echo a larger narrative regarding the competitive advancement in stealth technology and, importantly, highlight the strategic implications should China pair its stealth fighters with nuclear weaponry.

FAQ:
1. What was the primary focus of Yang Wei’s lecture?
Yang Wei’s lecture focused on the evolution of air warfare, specifically the development of the J-20 stealth fighter and the comparison with America’s B-21 Raider stealth bomber.

2. How does China’s approach to military aviation R&D compare with that of the United States?
According to Yang Wei, China’s employs digital engineering which leads to faster development cycles, suggesting an advantage over traditional American R&D methods.
3. What speculation has arisen from Yang Wei’s mention of collaboration with China’s Academy of Engineering Physics?
There is speculation that China may be considering integrating nuclear capabilities onto their J-20 fighter jets, indicating a possible shift in China’s nuclear strategy.
4. What strategic advantage could China gain by enhancing the J-20 with nuclear strike capability?
Such a capability could provide China with a more immediate nuclear deterrent and the ability to execute penetrating nuclear strikes that could evade detection and defensive measures.
5. Why is the competition between China and the U.S. in military aviation technology significant?
The competition is significant because it reflects not only advancements in technical capabilities but also shifts in strategic military doctrines.
Definitions:
Stealth Technology: A set of techniques used in military aviation to make aircraft less detectable by radar and other detection methods.
Digital Engineering: An approach to designing and developing systems that utilize advanced computing and simulation to create faster, more efficient development processes.
Nuclear Deterrent: A strategy wherein a country possesses nuclear weapons to discourage an enemy from taking an action, typically by the promise of retaliation.
Research and Development (R&D): The process through which new products and technologies are created and existing products are improved.

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What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

- **Operational Context**: The jet serves alongside the JF-17 as a higher-end platform.

Title:

Content: Weapons that Don’t Work in the Ukraine War Make Up Most of China’s Military

Chinese analysts want to understand why Russian weapons are doing so badly in the war in Ukraine. 70% of China’s modern airplanes are licensed copies, unlicensed copies or variants of the SU-27. 20% are inferior planes that are not even as good as the Russian copies.

The Ukraine War has been an actual real world test or most of the modern planes, missiles, drones that the world has. The only systems that have not been tested or used are the stealth fighters. Russia has some SU57 stealth fighters but has not used them other than a few safe uses from long-range.

The other lessons are which tactics are ineffective and which tactics are more effective. There is also the need for a lot more drones for front line troops. Drones have become an absolute necessity on the front lines. There is a need for a lot more ammunition and overall training. There will need to be a lot more training on the effective tactics.

China also wants to look at the Russian Kinzhal hypersonic missile getting shot down. The Kinzhal and China’s hypersonic weapons (YJ-21 and DF-17) are similar technology. They are hypersonic warheads on a regular rocket booster. The Kinzhal had about 6 shot down in one day. The Kinzhal cost Russia about $10 million each to make. The YJ-21 is a shorter range navy variant of the DF-17. The YJ-21 costs about $8 million each. The DF-17 costs about $107 million each. Russia had about 6 Kinzhal missiles shot down in 1 day in the war. Normal supersonic missiles are about $1-2 million. The point of spending more money for a faster missile is so it can with near certainty penetrate defenses. A military could always just buy 10 or 100 cheaper missiles to overwhelm air defenses. You don’t want to go too cheap where the missiles are not reliable like a Scud missile. You want to spend enough to get good cost benefit on reliable destruction.

The Russian S-400 air defense system was supposed to be a scary system able to defend against the US air force and missiles. The S-400s have been defeated and destroyed with a few waves of cheap drones and cheap missiles. China bought a lot of expensive S-400 air defense systems.

The US and the rest of world may not have the exact same Russian equipment but all of the world’s military have to update and change procurement to reflect what is being learned in Ukraine.

Russia has lost about 20% of its Su-34 fleet, with a starting total of only 121 aircraft. Four Su-34 planes were shot down in only 2 days in December, 2023.

Chinese analysis identifies two reasons for these heavy losses.

1. The Russian Aerospace Force, which inherited the air combat theories of the Soviet Air Force, habitually allows existing combat aircraft to take on the tasks of both air defense suppression and electronic warfare.

2. Russian military’s did not buy enough precision guided stand-off munitions. They cannot keep their planes safer by being further away.

Roughly 20% of the PLAAF and PLANAF’s combat aircraft are old second-generation fighters of limited combat value against peer opponents, save perhaps in swarming attacks. Another 30% include strategic bombers and more capable but dated third-generation designs. Finally, 50% percent are fourth-generation fighters that can theoretically hold their own against peers like the F-15 and F-16.

China has about 126 actual Russian planes in the Su-27 family (SU27, SU30, SU35).

The J-11 and J-16 are copies of the SU-27 Russian planes, that are getting shotdown by ground to air missiles in Ukraine. The J-11 was a licensed copy of the SU-27.

The J-10 is a copy of the Israeli Lavi from Israeli designs. The Lavi was based on the design of the French Dassault Mirage. The J-10s haver had several deadly accidents possibly related to difficulties in the fly-by-wire system. 22% of China’s 2500 combat aircraft are J-10.

The J-7 is an older and even more outdated plane makes up 20% of the fleet of 2500.

China’s J-20 now makes up about 8% of China’s 2500 combat jets. This is stealth plane copied from stolen F-22 and F-35 information.

Pakistani commentary suggests the J-10C offers an affordable, modern alternative to Western fighters, boosting the country's air combat capabilities.

What is the price of J-10 Fighter that China exports?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

---

### **Media and Analyst Commentary**

**Chinese Media and Officials** highlight the J-10C’s:
- **Thrust vectoring, engine upgrades** (WS-10 series), and growing production scale.

- Role in mixed formations with J-20 and J-16 fighters, enhancing overall air force flexibility.

Title:

Content: What's new

Black Smoke Arises From China’s J-20 Stealth Fighter; Is Mighty Dragon Already Breaking Down?

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Black Smoke Arises From China’s J-20 Stealth Fighter; Is Mighty Dragon Already Breaking Down?https://eurasiantimes.com/category/expert-reviews/

Videos and photos of a Chinese J-20 stealth fighter jet releasing black smoke circulated the internet and caused debate among defense enthusiasts and military observers.

Some watchers claimed that the jet is overhyped and issues with poor Chinese manufacturing have begun to show.

The Generation 5 stealth fighter has been displayed to the public for the first time in this year’s ongoing Zhuhai Air Show, where the fighter landed, taxied, and parked before the public for a closer view.

Usually, the fighter only conducted flypasts and aerobatics. Now opening the ‘Mighty dragon’ for the audience indicates China’s and the People’s Liberation Army Air Force’s (PLAAF) confidence in the aircraft.

The rare public display also led to some close-up photographs being clicked, showing its brake parachute, part of the cockpit, and the enclosed air-to-air refueling probe.

The fine workmanship and finishing of the plane’s body were also visible, baring the highly sophisticated metallurgical, forging, and precision cutting processes.

J-20 Breaking Down?

The video showed a puff of black smoke being released from a small exhaust in the bottom spine of the plane, just before the tails (vertical stabilizer) section.

Onlookers claimed it was an issue with the plane’s engines, which China has still not succeeded in fully mastering. However, putting doubts ti rest, experts said it was the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), which also operates the same way on the American F-22 Raptor.

The APU is usually a miniature jet whose primary role is to drive the main engine to complete the start-up operation.

It also provides part of the power and high-pressure air or fluid when the main engine is turned off to save fuel and reduce its wear and tear. This cumulatively has a significant positive impact on the main engine’s life and maintainability.

“That’s a most common feature when the APU starts,” noted Chinese military aviation expert Andreas Rupprecht while speaking to EurAsian Times. Former IAF Jaguar pilot Squadron Leader Vijainder K. Thakur confirmed it was the APU.

The following video shows the F-22’s APU throwing out thick, dark greyish, and black smoke. The F-22’s APU is located just under the leading edge of the left wing, above the side internal weapons bay compartment.

nother comment from a Chinese national on a popular defense page, who was present at the air show, said that the same J-20 was merely stopping over at Zhuhai and was seen perfectly taking off later. There were no issues with the engine.

J-20 To Be Upgraded Further

While the era for the J-20 is just beginning, unlike the F-22 and the F-35, which are beset with a host of production, technical and budget constraints.

Global Times quoted the J-20’s chief designer Yang Wei, who said that future upgrades would involve Artificial Intelligence (AI) and “cognitive technologies” to make it perform optimally in a “combat system.”

Current air warfare philosophy considers systems as teams and combinations of aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), which would coordinate to carry out joint tasks.

Speaking at a press conference by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), Wei said, “Four J-20s can form a formation, which is a small system; a J-20 can team up with a J-16 and a J-10C in another small system. Recent news reports also suggested that the J-20 can fly together with drones, which is also a system.”

The report quoted Yang saying that the development strategy of the PLAAF used to be homeland defense, but now it has become air-space integration with both attack and defense capabilities.

Junk-20 @F-22Raptor @Hamartia Antidote

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Top Bottom

- Cost-effectiveness and incrementally closing the performance gap with Western jets.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

**Western and Regional Analysts** generally offer a nuanced view:
- **Performance:** Recognized as roughly equivalent to 4.5-generation mainstays (F-16V, Rafale, Gripen E), but still trailing behind Western fifth-generation fighters in stealth and systems integration.

- **Export Potential:** Observers note relatively **limited export success** so far.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

The J-10 is competitive on price but struggles against Western fighters and, in some cases, Russian jets, except where cost, political alignment, or sanctions push buyers toward Chinese options.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

- **Perception Issues:** Concerns linger over long-term reliability, after-sales support, and the operational experience of Chinese combat aircraft outside PLA service.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

Comparisons are often drawn with the Russian Su-27 family and Israeli Lavi, from which the J-10 allegedly draws inspiration.

---

### **Summary**

- **Only confirmed sale**: Pakistan (J-10C variant, inducted 2022+)
- **Feedback**: Positive from Pakistan, with its advanced features lauded; viewed as a cost-effective, high-capability fighter.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- **Media/Commentary**: J-10C gains technological respect but faces skepticism regarding its export reach, reliability, and ability to rival Western or top-tier Russian platforms.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

Commentary often situates its strengths in cost and plausible capabilities rather than technological supremacy.

What is the price of J-10 Fighter that China exports?

- **Export prospects**: Watchful waiting, but concrete foreign sales remain scarce beyond Pakistan as of mid-2024.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

---

**Conclusion**: The J-10’s place in the global fighter market is growing, led by Pakistan’s adoption, but major breakthroughs in export success remain limited by competition, geopolitics, and enduring skepticism about Chinese high-end military platforms.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

**Summary on the Export Market for China's J-10 Fighter Jet**

**Countries Involved and Potential Buyers**
- China is actively seeking to promote its fighter aircraft on the global market.

Title:

Content: Log in
The US is increasing the production of F-35 fighters, but the gap with China in the number of aircraft will grow
295
0
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Image source: topwar.ru
The US authorities were puzzled by the question of increasing the production of fifth-generation F-35 fighters.
But in the race with China, Washington is clearly losing.
This is reported by The Asia Times.
Earlier, The Warzone reported that the decision to increase the production of the latest aircraft was made more than four years later than previously planned.
1,000 F-35s have already been produced for the Air Force, Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and foreign customers.
However, the produced aircraft are not put into operation due to delays in the development and creation of the Tech Refresh-3 (TR-3) configuration, which is at the heart of the fighter ’ s promising capabilities.
These capabilities include expanded computing power, improved cooling, a new guidance system, and so on.
Image source: topwar.ru
China J-20 Fighter
On the other hand, the main opponent of the United States – China – is probably lagging behind in the race of advanced stealth fighters.
However, he is actively implementing the program of fifth-generation fighters, the flagship of which is the J-20 aircraft.
Earlier, the Asia Times reported that Beijing plans to overtake Washington in the production of fifth-generation fighters.
The number of J-20 aircraft this year will exceed the number of American F-22, according to the publication.
The United States halted production of the F-22 in 2011.
By that time, only 187 such aircraft had been built.
China now has up to 200 J-20 fighters.
Although the United States had 450 F-35 fighters by April 2022, the production of J-20 aircraft in China is actively gaining momentum.
This creates a situation in which China will eventually have a much larger number of fighters, and this will create serious problems for the United States in the event of a direct conflict.
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What has China said about its J-10C Fighter?

It is the most competitive fighter jet in the international arms market in recent years.

However, the J-10 fighter jet, while a workhorse of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), has seen limited export success to date.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- So far, the most prominent confirmed export customer for the J-10 is Pakistan, which finalized a deal in early 2022 to acquire at least 25 J-10CE “Vigorous Dragon” fighters, with delivery beginning the same year.

Title:

Content: Sections
Materials
Combat wings of the Celestial Empire: what a fleet of the latest J-20 can boast of China
Dmitry Lutovich
Experts note that to date, more than 10 air brigades of the PLA Air Force can be armed with a stealth fighter J-20.
Such power cannot be underestimated.
Since 2021, China has significantly increased production of the fifth-generation fighter J-20, which is designed exclusively for the People ’ s Liberation Army of China (PLA).
Presumably, in 2025, the supply of these machines will increase dramatically to 120 units, thanks to which the PLA Air Force will increase the number of brigades equipped with new aircraft.
On the probable number of J-20 aircraft in the ranks of the Chinese air force told on January 31 observers Bulgarian Military.
With the increase in supplies of the J-20, more and more PLA Air Force brigades are getting into service with this stealth fighter, which experts sometimes compare with the American F-35.
Eight brigades of the Chinese Air Force have already received J-20s by the end of 2022, and another five are reported to have been delivered in 2023.
If aircraft production continues at the same pace, by the end of this decade, more than 30 PLA brigades will be proudly showcasing their J-20s.
Also, the authors of the material note that at present, two PLA brigades are replacing outdated machines, such as the J-7E and J-11 (a version of the Su-27) with the latest fifth-generation fighters.
These are the 97th Air Brigade, which is based at Dazu Air Base, located near the city of Chengdu, and the 4th Air Brigade of the Chinese Air Force at Foshan Air Base, in the vicinity of Shenzhen.
The latter is of great military importance, as it houses the backbone of the submarine fleet of nuclear missile boats of the country.
“The proximity of the base to Taiwan, which is only 700 km away and is a potential point of conflict, further highlights the importance of this facility, ” the observers stressed.
Experts also believe that such a build-up of air forces is intended to make it clear to Japan and South Korea that they refrain from possible participation in possible conflicts related to Taiwan.
For example, the 8th Air Brigade of Changxing Air Base, strategically located near the Korean Peninsula, will also boast the inclusion of J-20 owners in the rapidly expanding club.
Thus, more than 10 brigades with J-20 fighters are a force that cannot be underestimated, experts say.
According to its characteristics, the Chinese machine in its capabilities is among the most effective fighters for air combat in the world.
Earlier it was reported that on the eve of the 74th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Air Force, the Ministry of Defense of China published a propaganda video with images of the combat work of the J-20 stealth fighter.
The video also shows the launch of the missile and the procedure for intercepting and expelling "foreign" military aircraft.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

This sale is notable as it marks the J-10’s first confirmed sale outside of China.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- There have been recurring rumors about interest from countries like Iran and some Middle Eastern or African states, but as of mid-2024, no other J-10 export deals have been formally concluded or publicly confirmed.

Title:

Content: Meetings without obligation: Su-35C and F-16
4
The situation, of course, honestly admit, is very far from combat, but this is already determined by those who meet in the sky near Taiwan.
That is, the pilots of the Air Force of the Republic of China and the PLA Air Force.
And they, we note, are spinning out in full, because this is also part of the war, albeit bloodless, which has been going on for several years.
Therefore, the F-16, which is Fighting Falcon, that is, the “Battle Falcon ” and the Su-35SE, which is simply an export Su-35S, are very common in the sky.
Perhaps even more than some politicians would like.
And it is quite logical that for each such meeting, which increasingly resemble a duel, a huge number of eyes are watching.
And not only Chinese (in Taiwan, I recall, live completely the same Chinese as on the mainland), because it is really interesting, since the F-16 is about to collide somewhere in the sky of Ukraine with almost the same Su-35.
The key word, of course, is “almost. ”
The export model will be different from the one that is made “for yourself ”.
In general, "Falcon" often meets with "Drying" in the air.
The reasons and places are different, but the essence is the same.
Demonstration of the capabilities and strength of nerves, but even this happens in different ways.
But it is not for nothing that the media there, overseas, slip cautious such forecasts in the performance of various generals (mostly retired, not bound by obligations with the Pentagon) that the F-16 will not be able, being transferred to Kiev, to radically change the situation.
And they do this based on the results of these “meetings ”.
We just do not know, but our pilots more than often contact in the air with foreign colleagues.
Over the waters of the Baltic, over the Pacific Ocean, over the Mediterranean Sea.
So far, except for a single seemingly random launch on a British aircraft, nothing has been recorded, but here the question is not to drop, say, "Poseidon" in the waves.
Although in the waves of the Black Sea would be very revealing.
In the US Air Force, in general, all this air show is called “secret air war ”.
In fact, there are not only our raging, Chinese pilots are very willing to take part in all the “flights ”, and recently there are more and more reports that Iranian pilots also do not mind showing their teeth and missiles.
And if you consider that in Iran already go under the contract Su-35...
Here on the stage of the Middle East theater, sorry, not hanging a gun.
There's a whole minigan hanging around with a ribbon like that.
On the other hand, what is the political problem?
No matter what, Chinese, Russian, Iranian pilots meet American and other colleagues not near the air border of Texas or California, right?
I'm not talking about politics, I'm talking about physics.
Old Newton still knows when he derived the law that every action produces a reaction.
The faster you run forward, the stronger the wind in your face.
The more brazen the pilots of the US Air Force, the US Navy, the US Navy, and so on, the main thing is that with the prefix “USA ” they pretend that they can fly wherever they want, the more likely it is that someone will decide to dissuade them from doing so.
But the hottest encounters occur over the warm waters of the East and South China Seas.
It is there that you can most often see our heroes side by side, and this does not always happen quietly and blissfully.
The heat of passion is serious.
The most interesting thing is that for a reason unclear to many, most often in the air near Taiwan you can see Russian-made aircraft, Su-30MKK and Su-35SE.
Why ours appear there more often than the “native ” Chinese fighters, it is difficult to say, but it is so.
J-16 also participate, but J-20 – categorically rare guest.
The Air Force of the Republic of China is just including the F-16.
Initially, the series A and B, later they added the series D, and then everything was upgraded to the level of the F-16 Block 70.
Perhaps to date, the Viper (the so-called 70 / 72, the difference is only in the engines) is the best modification of the Fighting Falcon, which is available to operators outside the United States.
With the new radar with an active phased array antenna (AFAR) AN / APG-83 Scalable Agile Beam Radar, improved avionics, a set of weapons and electronic warfare, the aircraft looks impressive.
But a veteran.
There is nothing to say about the Su-35S, it has already been said so much that it is even inconvenient somehow.
But there's a little Chinese trick.
It consists in the fact that the Su-35 is able to take on the external suspension of containers.
And not simple, or, say, with EW equipment, no.
In our case, containers filled with various reconnaissance equipment are more useful.
Radio reconnaissance is an area that requires a burst of energy, and here it is precisely the engines of the aircraft that are able to provide it.
Since last year, all visits of the PLA Air Force fighters have two goals: the first is to accurately calculate the quantitative and qualitative composition of the air defense of Taiwan, the second is to test their developments in the field of electronic warfare in an environment that is close to combat.
So, having received the Su-35 in 2015, already in 2018, the PLA Air Force used them in the region of Taiwan.
In general, the Su-35 was interesting: in the Chinese Air Force, they determined the role of naval aviation fighters operating from the shore in the region of Taiwan.
Then everything is clear: first, the 35th worked out in terms of searching for anti-air defense systems of Taiwan, drawing a certain map of capabilities, and then began to work with the help of appropriate equipment, so to speak, in a training mode.
In general, the PLA Air Force Command has very clearly defined the role of the Su-35 in its scheme for Taiwan.
Here we can easily add anti-radar missiles, even if not ours, but Chinese, but nevertheless: the practice of SVO has shown that the Su-35 is a very unpleasant phenomenon in the life of any radar installations.
The Air Force of the Republic of Kazakhstan does not build illusions, everyone understands everything perfectly, and the fact that the Taiwanese Air Force is inferior quantitatively, and that the Sokol is not at all a rival to Sushka, but nevertheless, they are trying by all means to show the capabilities of their Air Force.
We consider the whole air circus exclusively from the point of view of the F-16, as a possible object of confrontation in the skies of Ukraine.
They threaten to put...
Naturally not blocks 70 or 72, which will go easier, instead of write-off.
They play with their muscles, but where do you want them to go?
Back home, back home, back home?
While the desire does not burn, as you know, that is why you have to demonstrate your abilities.
To seriously consider the possibilities, the best approach is to look from the outside.
And here the opinion of Indian experts is very revealing, who are very closely watching what is happening.
And, given that India and China also have territorial claims, which from time to time result in border ugliness somewhere high in the mountains, so the Indians have absolutely no need to love China, moreover, they are direct competitors in the Asia-Pacific region.
So despite the fact that India and Taiwan are separated by 4 thousand kilometers, the Indian military is closely watching what is happening.
Just because the Indo-Chinese border is right there.
So, Indian specialists, who have absolutely nothing to love their Chinese neighbors, do not make curses towards the F-16.
On the contrary, they are very critical of the possible collision of American and Russian cars.
The main thing is that the Hindus, oddly enough, do not like radar.
Yes, the F-16V (this is the Taiwanese version of the aircraft) has a seemingly fine radar with an active antenna array with electronic scanning (AESA / AFAR), but this is only half the battle, because the Su-35S radar is exactly the same plan, the Irbis E.
But the American system has a very decent cross section, and the airframe of the F-16 is quite narrow.
This resulted in the Raytheon Advanced Combat Radar (RACR), initially planned for installation, losing to its competitor, the AN / APG-83 SABR, which has smaller dimensions and, accordingly, capabilities.
But the main thing is the chain: smaller size - less cells - easier to suppress.
It would be very interesting to read the reports of Chinese and Taiwanese pilots (this is humor) regarding the incident of August 2022, when four F-16Vs did not notice two Su-35s, which have almost already taken a favorable position.
That is, apparently, the equipment of the Su-35 was able to make the aircraft relatively invisible, at least for specific pilots of the F-16V.
Bad radars or good EW containers are a matter of a few thousand dollars or more.
In second place, Indian pilots put the superiority of the Su-35 in speed and maneuverability, which is due to the power of the engines (1 x 7900 kgf for the American aircraft and 2 x 8800 kgf for the Russian one) and the presence of a controlled thrust vector in our aircraft.
Weight and size matter, but insofar as, in the "dog dump" aircraft exactly do not spin, air battles are not happening today.
But the main thing is still insufficient, according to the Indian military, situational awareness of the F-16 pilot, 90% thanks to the radar.
It is difficult to say how deeply they understand what the essence is, but from their competition, the Falcon was given a turn from the gate and the adoption of the F-16 in the Indian Air Force was not even considered.
So they know something like that.
Now the Taiwanese know their “something ”, because sorry, when four pilots on the F-16“ missed ” a pair of Su-35, in the event of a conflict, this would mean only one thing: a certain number (from 2 to 4) of Taiwanese aircraft would not return to the airfield.
But these are problems that they will have to solve.
As for our topic, yes, for several years there has been a “fitting ” of PLA Air Force aircraft (Russian and Chinese production) to KR Air Force aircraft (American and Taiwanese, respectively).
And the situation here turns out not in favor of the Republic of China, because the aircraft of the PRC is simply better.
And there are more of them.
We look at all this through the prism of Ukraine.
There's so much hope that the F-16s will arrive and...
And peremohy?
It's been said many times that it isn't.
Just brought planes, hastily patched up, and about the same trained pilots will not be able to do anything.
Here you can again look at the Chinese, who drove their pilots on the Su-35 for three years before sending to Taiwan. Three years.
But these are their pilots and planes bought for the country ’ s money.
In the case of Ukraine, everything looks a little different: planes are given for free, they are taught for free, everything is generally free.
It is clear that good will not give, this can be seen by how quickly the German vaunted tanks and SPGs go into repairs.
The plane is a much more complex mechanism, it will not pass.
There is a strange principle here: take everything and use it to the maximum.
However, there is a difference between a rocket and an aircraft.
The rocket (if it is not from the Mask) is a disposable thing.
A single, say, application.
The plane is a completely different principle.
Of course, if in the higher echelons of the Ukrainian authorities want to revive the tactics of kamikaze aircraft, and it is more and more like what is happening, then it remains only hands to dilute and wait.
What to expect?
Yes, the results, because just the other day, Foreign Minister Kuleba said that his “good ” diplomacy did not work, and now he plans to rigidly ask the West for Patriot air defense systems and F-16 aircraft.
The nomenclature is clear, it is not clear what it means to “hard to ask ”?
To demand? From whom?
And how will all this end up?
Kiev and so already slowly begin to send far away (hello, "Taurus", right?), but if you start to demand... tough...
No, it will end in the end, of course.
We will not consider the situation as a whole, but with regard to our topic it will be simple: the F-16 is not a competitor to the Su-35 at all, this has long been clear and understandable.
And no concrete impact on the situation, even short-term (as in the case of SCALP and Storm Shadow missiles) will not be able to.
All too well known are the weaknesses and strengths of this well-deserved veteran.
If you had to invent something with missiles on the go and work out methods of counteraction in very short time conditions (and in the West they admit that our military did it), then with the F-16 everything is much easier, because the aircraft has been known for a long time.
Since 1982, when the Israeli F-16s fought the Syrian MiGs, our advisers have been studying all the information obtained during the fighting.
That is, the F-16 has been “at gunpoint ” for more than 40 years, and there is hardly anything that is unknown about it.
Hence the justified sarcasm that this aircraft (not the most recent modifications) will be able to make some kind of turning point in the confrontation between the two armies.
At least, all the other “novins ” gave only temporary success, although, it is impossible not to admit, sometimes this success was quite impressive.
In our case, there is a misunderstanding.
It seems that all the dots are placed, and even more so, the specks over the i, and the AFU Air Force does not shine anything at all.
Moreover, I would even bet on the “Taurus ” than on the“ Falcons ”.
At least, they could cause some damage while our calculated German missiles and issued recommendations on them.
But the Ukrainians for some reason with maniacal perseverance begging for planes.
Which are predestined.
They are well known by our air defense, they are known by pilots.
The question arises “why? ”, and in such a way that the answer of the sane is not foreseen.
Does anyone in the audience have any thoughts?
It would be interesting to see the case when “many heads – many minds ”.
The APU already has tanks that are about nothing, there are SPGs that do not get out of repair, there are armored personnel carriers that do not perform their functions, there are AMH, which are generally unclear what and why.
Next what?
NATO has long put ticks where they mark equipment that has not passed the test of a real battle, if only for the sake of this?
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What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- Iran is often discussed as a possible future customer due to warming Sino-Iranian defense ties.

However, as per open-source defense analysis, Iran has more publicly focused on Russian Su-35s as of late 2023-2024.

**Buyer Feedback and Evaluations**
- The J-10CE acquisition by Pakistan was announced enthusiastically by officials as “a historic moment,” with the jet touted as a supplement to the JF-17 and an answer to India’s Rafale procurement.

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China ’ s sixth-generation fighter jet: is a tailless derivative of the J-20 possible?
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China ’ s sixth-generation fighter jet: is a tailless derivative of the J-20 possible?
Image source: invoen.ru
On January 31, 2023, the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) published a video recording of the concept of a tailless fighter.
According to Chinese sources, it is connected with the country ’ s efforts to develop a sixth-generation fighter.
China and the United States are currently competing for the world ’ s first and most powerful sixth-generation fighter jets.
Senior U.S. Air Force officials have repeatedly warned that China may be the first to adopt such an aircraft.
China's fifth-generation J-20 fighter jet
These two countries are the only ones using fifth-generation fighter jets of national production at the squadron level.
At the same time, China produces a heavy twin-engine J-20 and is developing a medium FC-31, and the US – a much lighter single-engine F-35.
The tailless gliders are expected to become a key hallmark of sixth-generation fighters, and the images shown by the ACIV are markedly reminiscent of the J-20, but with a diamond-shaped triangular wing and no tail.
Image published by ACIV
The presented images increase the likelihood that the J-20 will become the basis for the development of the sixth-generation fighter.
It is believed that other sixth-generation features, primarily drone control and directed-energy weapon capabilities, are currently being developed for the J-20 and can be integrated into both gliders in the current configuration, as well as into the more imperceptible tailless derivatives of the deltoid wing if they appear.
As its own analogue of the J-20, the adaptation of the fifth-generation fighter to the tail glider to improve stealth performance was also considered in the United States.
This led to the X-44 Manta program.
In the American version of the design, a thrust vector control system was used to compensate for the lack of tail and rudder surfaces and to ensure control of yaw, pitch and roll (but it never approached the prototype stage).
X-44 Manta.
Sketch
Research under the Manta program began in the mid-1990s, but was discontinued in 2000, more than half a decade before the base F-22 entered service.
Model F-22 and did not advance to any options, except for the basic single-seat fighter F-22A.
Production of the latter was stopped ahead of schedule due to a wide range of problems with the aircraft.
The first F-22s are scheduled to be decommissioned later in 2023, after completing only a small portion of their service life.
It is assumed that the J-20 model, similar to the X-44, although with avionics and sensors of the sixth generation, can serve as an intermediate stage until a clean design of the sixth generation fighter is developed, or provide a cheaper alternative to such a fighter.
With the sixth-generation American fighter estimated at several hundred million dollars for a glider and more than a billion dollars for the lifetime of each aircraft, a derivative of the sixth-generation model from the J-20 will provide a much more economical means of achieving higher-level stealth capabilities.
In addition, it is likely that the production of the new aircraft at the facilities of the current base J-20 will be much easier and may receive significant similarities in service.
In general, foreign experts agree that although the development of a promising fighter, no doubt, is a priority for the defense sectors of China and the United States, neither the nature of the images AVIC, nor assumptions about the connection of its design with the J-20 does not add clarity about the design of the Chinese sixth-generation fighter.
Source: militarywatchmagazine.com
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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- Pakistani military commentators praise J-10CE for its AESA radar, modern avionics, and compatibility with advanced Chinese air-to-air missiles like the PL-15 and PL-10.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

What specific models of missiles can China's J-10 FIghters carry?

There is an expectation that the J-10CE will provide enhanced air defense and multirole capabilities.

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Meeting point - skies over Taiwan
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The most numerous among the PLA Air Force fighters is the light single-engine J-10.
Photo by Vladimir Karnozov.
Is China ’ s military aircraft capable of countering the US Air Force?
In the new conditions of the international situation, domination of airspace is becoming more and more relevant.
The political and military leadership of the leading scientific-technical countries pays close attention to the development of national air forces, which in many countries are the most advanced component of the armed forces.
At the same time, the most significant results in the development of the air force (both qualitatively and quantitatively) have been achieved in recent decades by two countries - the United States and China.
In the military conflicts of the XXI century, the aircraft of the US Air Force and the PRC did not take part in air battles against each other.
This fact makes it problematic to compare the real combat capabilities of the aircraft (LA) of the two countries.
Most of the comparative assessments of experts regarding the American and Chinese military aviation are subjective and are based mainly on the study of the declared tactical and technical characteristics.
At the same time, the tasks, goals, development plans of the air forces of the two countries remain outside the estimates, as well as possible military conflicts in which the aircraft of the two countries can meet in battle.
MILITARY WINGS OF AMERICA
An analysis of the composition of the US Air Force fleet, according to the annual bulletin reviewing the military capabilities of the world's states, The Military Balance 2023, shows that at the beginning of this year, the US Air Force had 328,600 active personnel.
In addition, 117,497 were in reserve, and 106,700 were in the US National Guard Air Force.
In service there were 4093 manned aircraft (as well as 1289 in the Air National Guard and 396 in reserve), 156 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 2130 air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs), 450 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
A study of the official website of the US Department of Defense shows that the unpredictable military-political situation forces the US leadership to continuously improve the national air force.
In particular, the US Air Force has the largest fleet of strategic bomber aircraft in the world.
According to The Military Balance for 2023, the US Air Force is armed with B-52H, B-2A and B-1B bombers.
At the same time, according to experts, B-1B aircraft are reoriented to perform non-nuclear tasks.
The fleet of strategic American bombers allows you to operate beyond the reach of enemy air defense assets.
Today, only B-2A bombers have sufficient range and are able to penetrate with impunity into areas protected by modern air defense and missile defense systems.
But the fleet of such aircraft is not enough to defeat all targets in the Asia-Pacific theater of operations, which the US military and political leadership considers a priority in the 21st century.
At the same time, not all indicators of this component of the US Armed Forces speak of unambiguous American superiority in the air.
So, for 2024, it is planned to write off at least 310 aircraft (150 were on the list for 2023), but the US Congress does not fully approve these plans.
In particular, the Americans want to get rid of 42 A-10 Thunderbolt II attack aircraft, whose survivability on the modern battlefield is questionable.
It is also expected to decommission 260 fighters by 2028.
This list includes 57 F-15C / D Eagle aircraft under the age of 40 years.
They are planned to be partially replaced by the F-35A and F-15EX after complete decommissioning by 2026.
Maybe even the F-15E.
Their reduction is expected in 2025.
Some F-22As will also be decommissioned, namely 32 Block 20 units decommissioned and used exclusively for training purposes.
Further reductions will affect the aircraft long-range radar detection (AWACS) E-3G, of which at the moment 13 decommissioned.
It is planned to get rid of the last 24 KC-10 Extender tankers.
Also considered superfluous are the last three combat control and targeting aircraft E-8 Joint STARS, 48 modular reconnaissance and strike drones MQ-9 Reaper Block 1, three “aircraft of psychological warfare ” EC-130J Commando Solo and three almost museum light bombers A-29.
In terms of helicopters, the US Air Force intends to abandon 37 HH-60G Pave Hawk aircraft, which will be gradually replaced by the HH-60W Jolly Green II.
52 T-1 Jayhawk (Beechjet business jets) are also to be reduced.
Finally, the decision was made not to repair one B-1B after the engine fire, leaving 44 such bombers in the fleet operating.
NOAC AIR ARMADS
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), in terms of the quantitative composition for 2023, the PLA aircraft fleet is in third place in the world.
As for the qualitative composition, the percentage of aircraft of previous generations and foreign production is still quite high.
The PLA bomber aircraft is 100% equipped with more than once modernized, but obsolete aircraft "Hun-6".
In tactical aviation, up to 70% falls on aircraft such as “Jian-7 ”,“ Jian-8 ”, “Jianghong 7 ” and“ Qiang-5 ” (they are gradually withdrawn from the Air Force).
At the same time, China is experiencing a shortage of heavy transport aircraft, patrol aircraft and tanker aircraft.
Since the beginning of the 2000s, a systematic qualitative improvement of the PLA air fleet has been carried out.
It became possible not only due to the purchase of foreign aircraft and the deployment of licensed production at national enterprises, but also the creation of their own models of aircraft on their basis (and in many cases copying).
Chinese engineers are trying to get the most advanced technologies from the leading (especially in terms of engine building and the development of on-board equipment) states in order to master them and create the latest competitive samples of national aircraft.
The re-equipment of the aircraft fleet is also linked to the implementation of the reform of the Chinese Armed Forces, which is divided into three stages: 2000-2020, 2021-2035 and 2036-2049.
At the first stage, the number of personnel and obsolete equipment was reduced, work on the modernization of existing and the development of new models of weapons and military equipment was intensified.
The tasks of the second and third stages are to reach the level of the leading countries of the world.
According to the British publication Jane ’ s Information Group, the military-political leadership of China not only retains the combat capabilities of old aircraft, but also initiates the development of new models – for example, strategic bombers.
Modification of the bomber "Hun-6" has the designation "Hun-6K" and significant differences from the previous versions.
In the bow (in front of the cockpit), a long-range detection and fire control radar is installed.
"Hun-6K" uses Russian turbofan engines D-30KP-2 with a capacity of 12 thousand kgf / cm2, which have changed the shape and size of the air intakes.
The study of SIPRI databases allows us to state that currently the designers of the Xi'an Aircraft Manufacturing Enterprise are developing the first strategic supersonic stealth bomber under the designation "Hong-20" (the number 20 indicates a maximum speed of 2.0 MAX).
COMPARISON OF POTENTIALS
According to the SIPRI Institute, today the US Air Force is much more powerful than the Chinese Air Force already due to the tactical and technical characteristics of the aircraft used.
The British resource FlightGlobal published a report according to which the United States retains the advantage, having more than 13 thousand military aircraft, 5,163 of which are operated by the US Air Force.
American fighters F-35 Lightning and F-22 Raptor are considered one of the most advanced combat in the world.
China ’ s air force is the third largest in the world with more than 2,500 aircraft, of which about 2,000 are combat aircraft (according to China ’ s 2022 Military Power Report).
Thus, the obvious strategic air superiority is on the US side.
Although China is rapidly increasing its power and stubbornly creates promising models of weapons.
The Pentagon and the American aviation industry so far demonstrate a clear superiority in terms of aircraft of the latest generations.
According to open sources, the United States in 2017 produced 50 multi-role aircraft of the 5th generation F-35 and 26 aircraft of the 4th generation F-18.
In 2018, 70 F-35s and about 14 F-18s were built in the United States.
On average, the United States produces between 75 and 85 jet fighters per year.
In addition, in these years, other military aircraft for various purposes were produced in the United States.
Among them are 15 KC-46A tankers, five E-2D Advanced Hawkeye AWACS aircraft, 24 P8A reconnaissance and jammer aircraft, 28 C-130J transport aircraft.
In total, the United States produces about 130 manned aircraft annually, not counting helicopters.
Analysts give cautious estimates of the quantitative indicators of the Chinese aviation program, explaining its traditional Chinese closeness.
According to their estimates, China built approximately 100 aircraft in 2017, including two-thirds of combat aircraft.
China plans to establish the production of the fifth-generation J-31 aircraft and the J-20 stealth fighter.
China ’ s military budget is expected to double by 2030.
It is growing at a rate of about 5-10% per year.
Therefore, China can catch up with the United States in terms of production of fifth-generation aircraft by 2025.
But so far, the United States is ahead of both Russia and China in terms of the construction of fifth-generation aircraft.
Today, China has about 700 fourth-generation combat aircraft and up to 25 fifth-generation fighters.
By 2025, China will be able to increase the number of 4th generation aircraft to 1,100 and have from 60 to 120 5th generation aircraft.
By 2030, China may already have 1,200 – 1,600 generation “4 ” aircraft and 200 – 500 generation“ 5 ” aircraft.
The U.S. Air Force has about 450 5th generation aircraft (F-22 and F-35) and approximately 1,500 Generation 4 and 4 + aircraft (F-16 and F15s).
Plus, the US Navy has about 800 F-18s, and the Marine Corps has 260 F-18s.
It is estimated that the US will have approximately 1,000 5th generation aircraft in 2025 and up to 1,500 in 2030.
IF THE WAR IS TOMORROW
In the annual report of the US Department of Defense to Congress for 2023, “Military and security events with the participation of China, ” it is noted that the most possible scenario of a collision between the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force in real combat may be tension in the Taiwan Strait.
As part of its offensive operations, the Chinese Air Force can launch missile and air strikes against American targets and those of its allies in the region.
It is noted that the joint offensive operation of the PLA will include missile and air strikes, cyber attacks and a blockade of the island.
The objectives of the operation will be to limit Taiwan's defensive capabilities, as well as to suppress the morale of the island's population and break its ties with the outside world.
The latest report by the US International Center for Strategic Studies (CSIS), “China Strategy and Armed Forces in 2023, ” noted that the main goal of the Chinese is to destroy the island ’ s air defense system, missile bases, military airfields and aircraft located on the runways and hangars of Taiwan.
The main goal of the PLA at this stage is to gain air superiority.
US military experts claim that China is capable of launching missile and air strikes, as well as conducting an offensive operation in cyberspace.
Another possible option is to launch missile strikes against command posts and critical infrastructure, followed by a rapid airborne and naval landing operation, as well as the seizure of Taiwanese military facilities by Chinese special forces.
In this case, the PLA will have difficulty attacking without warning.
WHERE THE UNITED STATES WILL RESPOND
The analysis of open sources shows that against the background of escalating confrontation between the great powers and general turbulence in the field of security, the Pentagon continues to reorganize the national air force.
First of all, we are talking about the confrontation between the United States and China in the Asia-Pacific region.
The changes will affect the organization, equipment and training of the US Air Force.
The top leadership of the United States approved the formation of three new air force tactical groups, which represent the implementation of the experiment for the deployment of integrated units.
Two of these groups will be under the control of the Central Command of the US Armed Forces, whose area of   operational responsibility primarily includes the Middle East.
The third group will be subordinated to the Indo-Pacific Command.
In the foreseeable future, these are precisely the locations where the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force will compete for air supremacy.
CONCLUSIONS AND SYNTHESIS
As a result of comparing the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force, it is possible to draw the following conclusions and generalizations:
1.
The political and military leadership of both the United States and China pays close attention to the development of new models of combat aircraft.
It is believed that the presence of modern aircraft in the national air forces of both countries will allow to hit enemy targets outside the range of air and missile defense systems.
2.
The presence of US and PRC aircraft bomber aircraft allows in peacetime to perform the task of nuclear strategic deterrence.
Given the possible unacceptable damage, a potential enemy (represented by the United States and China) will be forced to refuse to participate in hostilities in advance.
3.
The conflict in Ukraine is the first case in history where the situational awareness of even junior commanders is absolute.
The main part of the samples of aircraft, consisting of the military aviation fleet, is produced in China at the national enterprises of the defense industry.
Despite the fact that a significant part of the fleet consists of aircraft with a development period of more than 30 years, some of these samples have not exhausted the opportunities for modernization.
4.
Regular work on the modernization of aircraft and helicopters allows China to significantly improve the flight performance and operational characteristics of the existing fleet.
In particular, this applies to auxiliary aircraft: military transport and special vehicles on their base, multi-purpose helicopters.
As for combat aircraft, at present, the Chinese aircraft industry provides their annual production in the amount that allows for the planned re-equipment of aviation parts with new types of aircraft, as well as their repair and modernization.
Vasily Ivanov
Vasily Ivanovich Ivanov is a journalist.
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Litvinism with a Russian accent

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

- No significant negative feedback has emerged publicly from Pakistan yet, as the aircraft are recently delivered and still being inducted and integrated.

- Note: No other user nation is currently in a position to publicly evaluate the J-10.

**Media and Expert Commentary**
- Western analysts and aviation media generally characterize the J-10 as a 4th-generation+ fighter, likening it to the F-16 in terms of size, agility, and role, but often note its technological dependence on imported engines (Russian AL-31F) in earlier batches and its lack of the “fifth-generation” features of the J-20.

- Chinese media tout the J-10, particularly the “C” and “CE” variants, as agile, well-armed, and equipped with advanced avionics.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

- Commentary suggests the J-10CE’s export potential is limited by competition from China’s own JF-17, which is cheaper and already well-established in several developing countries.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

- Some regional commentators describe the J-10CE as “an unpleasant surprise” for regional powers like India, due to its relative sophistication in the South Asian context.

Title:

Content: Science and technology
Today at 19: 40
1 min.
The Chinese called their new fighter “an unpleasant surprise ” for Russia
Their fighter is gaining altitude, which neither Russian nor American aircraft reach
China presented an analytical review of the achievements of the Chinese aviation industry against the background of other military superpowers.
According to Chinese analysts, their country has unpleasantly surprised the United States and Russia with its achievements in the field of military aviation.
As stated in the report, before everything Chinese was considered a copy of Russian, occasionally American, technology.
But China managed not only to make serious progress in the field of military aircraft, but even to break away and unpleasantly surprise both Moscow and Washington.
This achievement analysts NetEase called the Chinese fifth-generation fighter J-20, adopted in 2017.
An important distinction of fifth-generation aircraft is stealth.
Both Russian and American aircraft also have this quality, but, according to Chinese experts, their equipment has another advantage - a competitive climb.
It is noted that the maximum possible for the American F-22 — 19 thousand meters, Russian Su-57 — 20 thousand.
But the J-20 can reach a height of 30 thousand meters, which is, according to Chinese analysts, the fundamental difference between their fighters and the equipment of other countries.
This, according to the publication NetEase, is the unpleasant “surprise ” that China was able to present to other countries, in particular, Russia.
“China ’ s fifth-generation fighter jet has risen to an altitude of about 30,000 meters, making Russia and the United States feel uncomfortable, ” the report said.
Source: PolitRussia

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

- There is caution among foreign analysts regarding its combat-proven status, indigenous engine reliability, and the quality of Chinese after-sales support.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

**Summary**
To date, the export market for the J-10 is limited, with Pakistan as the sole foreign operator.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Feedback from this sale is positive, emphasizing the fighter’s modern electronics and multi-role potential.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

However, skepticism in global media remains about its broader competitiveness, especially given competition from both Western (F-16, Rafale) and Russian types, and uncertainty over future support and operational reliability.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

The J-10’s export future may hinge on China’s ability to offer attractive pricing, transfer-of-technology, and continued improvements in indigenous subsystems (especially engines).

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

**Summary: Export Market and Evaluations of China’s J-10 Fighter Jet**

**Buyers and Potential Buyers**
- The most prominent export customer for the Chinese J-10 fighter jet is Pakistan.

Title:

Content: The American F-16...
Information on the Chinese J-10C fighter
© AFP 2023 / KARIM SAHIBChinese J-10 fighter
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The Chinese J-10 is touted as the best alternative to the US fourth-generation F-16, which has led some countries to consider acquiring it.
China has produced about 350 such aircraft since they entered service in 2005, according to Military Factory.
The aircraft has a single crew and is used by China and Pakistan and is designed for aerial combat missions with a variety of weapons.
Turkey to replace F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Photos & Videos
What are the technical specifications of the J-10?
Length: 15.5 meters.
Distance between wings: 9.7 meters.
Height: 4.7 meters.
Weight of empty aircraft: 9.7 tons.
The total weight of the aircraft is 18.5 tons.
Speed: 2,336 km / h.
Altitude: 20,000 meters.
Range: 1800 kilometers.
What is the arming of the J-10?
The Chinese J-10 has six under-wing and five under-hull external suspension points that allow it to carry a large external payload of weapons, including air-to-air missiles, laser-guided bombs and other types of conventional bombs, as well as a 23 mm internal machine gun.
There are several versions of the aircraft, some with one seat and others with two seats for training tasks, including:
The J-10A is a single-seat multirole fighter.
J-10B: Marine version with twin-engine engines.
J-10C: An upgraded version of the B version with an electronic radar and infrared guidance system for missiles.
© AFP 2023 / WANG ZHAO Chinese J-10 fighter
The Chinese J-10 fighter.
The J-10C is an upgraded export version, which Turkey may acquire as a replacement for the U.S. F-16 fighter jets.
Earlier, a Turkish presidential official said Ankara was expected to abandon the U.S. F-16 fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative in the Chinese J-10 signal.
© SputnikWhat are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
What are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistan confirmed the purchase of the J-10C, becoming the first known international customer.

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China launches mass production of fifth-generation fighters
© flickr.com / Azhari Zaki SentanuChinese fighter J-20
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China ’ s Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group has announced the start of mass production of the fifth-generation J-20 fighters, according to Milatry Watch.
According to the site, in the last quarter of 2021, the demand from the Chinese People's Liberation Army for Chengdu J-20 fighters increased.
The publication confirms that the J-20 is in the mass production stage and the manufacturer expects standard delivery of combat units to the Chinese military.
The reason for the increase in aircraft production is the creation of the new WS-10B engine.
It is known that the J-20A and J-20B fighters were equipped with the new power plant.
Chinese-made engines replaced Russian engines installed on the first J-20 modifications.
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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

The jets were acquired to bolster Pakistan’s air defense capabilities, with some analysts viewing the move as an answer to India’s acquisition of Dassault Rafale jets from France.

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Content: Turkey replaces F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Wednesday 08 March 2023 - 12: 09 GMT
Kagri Erhan, a member of the Security Council and Foreign Policy of the Turkish Presidency, announced that Ankara is expected to abandon its requests for American-made fourth-generation F-16C / D fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative.
World - Turkey
The Turkish official noted that the “$20 billion cost package ” and the availability of more cost-effective options, notably the Chinese J-10C, could make such a rollout a reality.
"Now we have other options such as the Chinese plane that was sold to Pakistan, the Russian planes and also the Eurofighter," he said.
According to Miltary Watch, Pakistan began receiving Chinese J-10C fighters in February 2022.
The Chinese fighter is of the same weight as its American counterpart, the F-16, but it is several decades newer with multiple features and performance advantages, especially in terms of armament, flight and flight performance.
It is a lightweight single-engine fighter with low operating cost and improved fifth-generation avionics.
Chinese aircraft also have similar capabilities and in most respects are superior to their American counterparts, in addition to requiring less maintenance needs and much faster delivery time.
Although Turkey is the largest foreign operator of the US F-16, with about 250 in service, which means the new aircraft can be easily integrated with existing training and logistics systems and weapons, China has in the past modified its fighters to be able to operate US weapons at the request of foreign customers.
One of the main advantages of the Chinese fighter is its very low cost compared to its American counterpart, due to the fact that China manufactures large quantities of them, unlike the American.
Turkey ’ s preference for lightweight fighters makes the Chinese single-engine aircraft an effective and pioneering option.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- There are intermittent reports and speculation in open-source media regarding other potential buyers, such as Turkey and some Middle Eastern countries (usually as alternatives in case of U.S. or European restrictions), but there is no official confirmation of any J-10 sales beyond Pakistan as of mid-2024.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?

- The Turkish case: Some Turkish media and commentators have floated the J-10 as a possible replacement for the F-16 in the event of continued U.S. export challenges, but no concrete steps have been reported.

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?

- Other potential customers (e.g., Bangladesh, Egypt, Iran) have been mentioned in regional media, but as of now these are not substantiated by contracts or deliveries.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

**Feedback from Buyers**
- Pakistan officially presented the J-10C as a “game-changer,” praising its capabilities such as advanced avionics, AESA radar, compatibility with modern air-to-air missiles (like the PL-15), and multi-role flexibility.

How is J-10C Fighter compared with JF-17, another jet fighter that China exports?

J-10 can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

What may some improvements made in China's J-10 Fighter help Pakistan Airforce?

Enable Pakistan Air Force to carry more missiles to perform combat missions

What specific models of missiles can China's J-10 FIghters carry?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

The speed of delivery and perceived technological leap over older platforms were also praised.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

- Pakistani commentators usually compare the J-10C favorably against legacy fighters and see it as on par, or even slightly superior in some aspects, to Indian aircraft acquired in recent years.

They have also pointed to its easier maintenance and upgrade path compared to Western jets.

- No negative official feedback from Pakistan has been reported publicly.

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The plane, nicknamed the “Great Dragon, ” was presented to the Chinese People ’ s Liberation Army Air Force in March 2017.
It is one of the most advanced military weapons in China, manufactured by Sichuan-based Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group.
It made its debut in November 2016, at the Zhuai Air Show in Guangdong, China.
The J-20 is the third fifth-generation fighter jet in history, after the American-made Lockheed Martin F-22 and F-35.
The Chinese Air Force had a fleet of more than 50 J-20 aircraft in 2021.
The Chinese aircraft has made comparisons with the F-35 since the aircraft engaged in military confrontations in 2020.
Different types
The F-35 was introduced to the U.S. Army in July 2015.
There are three different types of this aircraft: traditional take-off and landing (F-35A), short take-off and vertical landing (F-35B), and carrier (F-35C).
Variables are distinguished by how the aircraft takes off and lands.
Lockheed Martin has described the F-35 as "the world's most advanced fighter jet", featuring a low level of observable intrusion, advanced sensors, information integration, and network connectivity.
But there is a stiff competition from the J-20.
The South China Morning Post reported that F-35 encounters with the J-20 in the East China Sea impressed a senior commander in the U.S. Air Force.
In an interview with the Mitchell Institute for Space Studies in March, Gen. Kenneth Willsbach, commander of the U.S. Pacific Air Force, said China ’ s ability to defend its nation was “strong. ”
“It ’ s a bit early to say exactly what they intend to do with the J-20, all we ’ ve actually seen is aerial superiority, and I ’ ve seen Chinese pilots fly the plane well. ”
The J-20 is a long and wide aircraft, with a length of 23 meters and a height of 5 meters.
The aircraft has a maximum speed of 2,468 kilometers per hour and a travel range of 5,926 kilometers, according to aviation website Aero Corner.
By comparison, the F-35A has a top speed of about 1,360 kilometers per hour and a range of 2,200 kilometers, according to the Royal Australian Air Force.
Prominent Variables
Some notable variants are the J-20A, the first version of the aircraft, and the J-20S, the first two-seat stealth fighter aircraft.
China has the ability to develop the aircraft into many other variants, including a bomber and an electric fighter, according to the military website Global Security.
The J-20 was initially equipped with Russian AL-31F engines.
The South China Morning Post reported in March that the aircraft were working to upgrade their Russian-made engines to the WS-15 turbofan after combustion.
As part of China ’ s localization program, all J-20 jets will be equipped with Chinese-made engines such as the WS-15, a source told the outlet.
In a 2020 report, the Hong Kong newspaper said the engine upgrade was to "bring its performance closer" to the F-22.
The WS-15 engines will increase maneuverability and combat capability.
The cost of the aircraft is between $100 million and $120 million per unit.
Diplomat reported that in the early 2000s, the initial cost of the aircraft was set at between 450 million and 500 million Chinese renminbi, or about $60 million to $70 million.
According to estimates from multiple reports, the cost of the aircraft has skyrocketed since then.
The cost of research and development of the aircraft was estimated at more than RMB 30 billion.
Elaf prepared this report on the American Business Insider website.

Official statements and local defense analysts mainly highlight positive attributes related to operational readiness, cost, and maintenance.

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Content: America and China
Suspected theft of data.
Chinese stealth fighter to compete with US F-22
US experts warn of Chinese spyware on US military industries
Posted in: Last Updated:
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China has successfully built its fifth-generation fighter jets by copying U.S. military technology, and could keep the U.S. military up to speed if more is not done to protect sensitive weapons information.
Acting Undersecretary of Defense for Policy James Anderson said in an interview, “What we do know is that because of espionage efforts, China ’ s J-20 fighters are more advanced than they would be in any other case, and that ’ s the point here. ”
“They ’ ve benefited a lot from their theft over the years, they ’ ve used it well, and they ’ ve come up with a sophisticated fifth-generation fighter, ” Anderson said, noting that“ it ’ s hard to say how it ’ s going to be during actual combat, ” and how the J-20 fighters will face the F-22 Raptor.
The J-20 stealth fighter and the F-22 Raptor fighter
Phantom Fighter
Competing Fighter
China began developing the J-20 in 2008 as part of a plan to design a new fighter that could rival those in the United States.
The aircraft first began flight in 2011, with its introduction into service in 2017.
In 2015, reports about the aircraft ’ s technology and capabilities began to notice similarities with U.S. fighter jets, with the Associated Press reporting that “some of its technologies, it seems, may have come from the United States itself. ”
China now has a fifth-generation stealth fighter, similar to the U.S. F-22, which closed what was once an almost insurmountable gap between the two militaries in terms of technological capabilities, all thanks to continued U.S. intellectual property theft.
The gap between U.S. and Chinese military technology has received renewed focus as tensions between the two countries continue to rise and officials continue to discuss a possible invasion of Taiwan, which could include a U.S. military response.
Keeping up with American weapons
Matt McInnis, senior fellow at the Institute for the Study of War at the China Program, highlighted “China ’ s focus on the war. ”
“More than almost anything else, ” he said, on acquiring jet engine technology after struggling for decades to keep up with American and Western weapons.
“As someone who has watched China for a long time, that ’ s always the joke, ” McInnis said.
Will the Chinese be able to produce their own jet engine?
So, they have slowly been able to become more autonomous in making jet engines for their more advanced aircraft. ”
The drive to “understand the most advanced jet engines ” in the West has remained a driving force for China ’ s espionage mission, according to McInnis.
He referred to the case of Yangon Xu in 2022, a Chinese spy who was convicted of trying to steal trade secrets from several US aerospace companies, including aircraft propeller engine technology.
McInnis also pointed to recent efforts that included recruiting former British pilots to advise and train Chinese Air Force pilots, which provided “another way in which they tried to gain Western technical knowledge. ”
“The Chinese baseline of what the Russians gave them and what they were able to steal from us and European manufacturers has had them narrow the gap to just 10 or 15 years between us and Chinese jet engine technology, whereas before that they were more than 20 to 30 years behind us. ”
Most Read Common Topics

What has China said about its J-10C Fighter?

It is the most competitive fighter jet in the international arms market in recent years.

**Commentary and Media Evaluation**
- International commentators tend to have mixed views.

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Content: Chinese drone expressionist - Reuters
“Tactical shock. ”
China develops a drone that splits in the air into smaller aircraft
Chinese researchers have developed a drone capable of splitting in the air into several smaller parades mid-flight.
The innovation, presented by researchers from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, offers a new paradigm in drone warfare, according to the South China Morning Post.
The new aircraft, once in a defined airspace, can immediately split into two, three or even six smaller drones and adapt to battlefield requirements in real time.
"Each of these small drones operates in a single code, but they have the ability to fly and maneuver independently."
“Through seamless communication, these individual units can perform various roles including command, reconnaissance, tracking and offensive maneuvers, while coordinating efforts to achieve mission objectives and create tactical shock. ”
The progress made by the research team in air separation technology, led by Professor Shi Zhiwei, marks a milestone in the evolution of drone warfare, as overcoming the long-standing challenges associated with controlled separation of drones in the air has profound implications for modern warfare tactics.
Traditionally, the discovery of conventional drone squadrons has led to a proportionate response from air defense systems, but the ability of the new drone technology to multiply rapidly in flight not only overwhelms current defense mechanisms, but also delivers psychological trauma that can disrupt the effectiveness of enemy resistance.
The team ’ s findings confirm a nearly doubling increase in flight efficiency compared to conventional multi-helicopter drones.
Related News
Der Spiegel: China plans to manufacture offensive marches for use by Russia in Ukraine
This efficiency continues even after aircraft detach, demonstrating superior performance over conventional aircraft in all flight situations, cementing China ’ s dominance in drone technology, which is known for its cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency.
Professor Shi and his team drew inspiration from nature, especially the structure of the maple seed, known for its aerodynamic properties, to revolutionize the design of these aircraft.
Unlike previous attempts by Western counterparts, who have struggled to move similar concepts from lab to practical application, the Chinese team ’ s careful wind tunnel testing and innovative design methods have yielded promising results.
“By overcoming the challenges of flight control and communication between individual units, they have paved the way for a scalable production of these next-generation drones. ”
In practice, soldiers can carry multiple units of these drones, assembling them on site to quickly adapt to mission requirements.
This tactical advantage could significantly enhance the military ’ s capabilities in future conflicts.
As geopolitical tensions escalate, the unveiling of drone technology has far-reaching implications for defense strategies and battlefield dynamics, as the future of drone warfare appears poised for unprecedented development.
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The J-10C is regularly cited as a credible “F-16 class” multirole fighter with the benefit of modern Chinese avionics, and for export, boasts comparatively fast delivery times and fewer political restrictions than Western alternatives.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

- Some defense experts warn that the J-10C, despite being advanced, likely lags behind late-generation Western fighters (e.g., F-35, Rafale) in stealth, sensor fusion, and engine reliability.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

J-10 series are a fourth-generation fighters.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

Persistent questions remain about the long-term maintenance, service-life costs, and real-world combat performance outside China.

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

- Media outlets often note that the J-10C is a demonstration of China’s growing aerospace industrial base and as a strategic tool in Sino-Pakistani relations.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

There is also frequent mention of possible technology transfer concerns and espionage in its development.

1.9 tons).

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Content: Change to "Chinese heart" AVIC industry: J-20 war patrol in the East China Sea has become the norm
▲ CCTV released the official promotional photo of J-20 with Vortex Fan-10C. (Photo / from CCTV, the same below.)
Military Center / General Report
The J-20 fighter of the People's Liberation Army entered service in 2017, making China the second country in the world to independently develop and install the fifth generation fighter after the United States. The official pointed out in recent days that the stealth fighter replaced the "Chinese heart" and the patrol of the East China Sea Police has become a training norm.
It is understood that this "Chinese heart" refers to the new engine turbofan -10C produced in China, which brings greater thrust to the enhanced combustion chamber and greatly improves the acceleration performance of the J-20.
The 71st anniversary of the development of the new China aviation industry and the grand symphonic chorus concert of the new era of aviation power in the new era, "Blue Sky Rite", was held in Beijing on the 12th.
Ren Yukun, chairman of the aviation industry discipline inspection and supervision team and member of the party group, said that since the 18th National Congress, the new China aviation industry has been from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong, and aviation equipment has achieved leapfrog development.
Ren Yukun further pointed out that the J-20 strong army changed the heart of China, and the East China Sea Police patrol became a training norm; the Y-20 large transport aircraft carried out non-war military operations across continents and oceans; and the Z-20 Yilong unmanned aerial vehicles sent desperately needed supplies and also set up a communication bridge, showing that aviation equipment has no substitute for emergency rescue.
According to public information, the J-20 was unveiled at the Zhuhai Air Show in early October 2021, installing two domestic new engine turbofan 10C with jagged tail nozzles, officially announcing the installation of the "China Heart" to foreign officials.
The mainland believes that this latest modified Taihang engine will effectively reduce the various signal characteristics of the aircraft, and its serrated increase of the tail heat flow and cold air contact surface will accelerate the speed of mixing and cooling, and reduce the infrared radiation signal.
The zigzag angle can also reflect radar signals in multiple directions, reducing the radar scattering cross section (RCS) of the tail fuselage.
It is inferred that the turbofan -10C engine uses full weight limited digital control (FADEC) technology to improve the afterburning chamber, and the thrust is larger than the previous AL-31, and the maximum thrust can reach more than 130 kN. This data has been able to meet some of the flight indicators of the J-20A when the project is established, and at the same time, the acceleration performance of the J-20 can be improved under the situation of higher fuel efficiency.
In fact, in order to implement the local homemade plan, the future J-20 will be replaced with the Chinese heart, and the eagerly awaited vortex fan -15 is in the final stage of related aircraft and long-term use tests, and the mainland media speculate that it may be equipped on the J-20 before and after 2025.
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