Here is a summary report on the export market of China’s J-10 fighter jet, synthesizing the main points from the provided extracts and wider context as requested:

---

**Overview**
- The J-10 is a multirole fighter developed by Chengdu for the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), positioned as a competitor to Western legacy fighters such as the F-16.

- Its most prominent export customer has been Pakistan, marking China’s first significant sale of a modern fighter jet to another country.

**Countries Procuring the J-10**
- **Pakistan**:
    - In 2022, Pakistan signed a deal with China for the purchase of J-10C fighters, with initial deliveries made in March 2022.

- This acquisition aims to partially replace Pakistan’s aging F-7PGs and to complement its JF-17 fleet.

- During recent airshows (e.g., Dubai Air Show 2023), official statements confirmed ongoing negotiations for additional Chinese combat aircraft, although recent discussions seem to focus more on light attack aircraft.

- As of early 2024, Pakistan remains the only confirmed foreign operator of the J-10.

**Feedback and Evaluation by Buyers**
- **Pakistan’s Perspective**:
    - The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has highlighted the J-10C’s avionics, radar (AESA), and integration of Chinese-made air-to-air missiles (such as the PL-15) as major advantages, potentially counterbalancing India’s acquisition of Rafale fighters.

- Pakistani analysts praised the jet for its maneuverability, modern sensors, and capability to deploy advanced weapons.

- **Critiques**:
    - Despite positive remarks, commentary from regional and international defense analysts points out that much of the J-10’s systems remain untested in actual combat.

- Some critics note continued concerns over engine reliability, as Chinese engines like the WS-10 have only lately reached maturity.

**Media and Commentators’ Viewpoints**
- **Chinese Media**:
    - State media (e.g., CCTV, Global Times) assert that the J-10C brings China closer to US standards, touting upgrades such as thrust vectoring and modern avionics.

- Coverage emphasizes rapid technological progress and strategic impact on regional balances, especially with regard to India and the Indo-Pacific.

- **International Observers**:
    - Mixed opinions exist—some Western analysts remain skeptical about the jet’s combat effectiveness and engine performance compared to Western alternatives.

- There is acknowledgment that the J-10 family, especially the J-10C, is now a credible non-Western 4.5-generation option, particularly attractive to countries with limited access to Western aircraft due to political or financial constraints.

- However, they also note China’s relative lack of international customers and ongoing concerns over system reliability.

**Overall Market Impact**
- Pakistan’s deal remains, to date, the only major confirmed export success for the J-10 series, despite Chinese marketing at air shows and to other potential clients.

- The J-10 has potential appeal in the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia, but its export prospects have so far been limited by political, financial, and technical considerations, particularly the dominance of US and European suppliers and the shadow of Russian platforms.

---

**Key Points**
- Pakistan is currently the sole confirmed foreign operator of the J-10.

- PAF feedback on the J-10C is broadly positive, especially concerning sensors and weapons.

- Chinese media tout indigenous advancements; Western commentary remains guarded about real-world performance and reliability.

- Export opportunities remain in development, but so far, market penetration beyond Pakistan is unproven.

This summary should provide your readers with a solid understanding of the J-10’s export footprint, customer perceptions, and media commentary on its capabilities and challenges.

**Summary Report: Export Market for China's J-10 Fighter Jet**

**1.

Sales and Buyers:**
- Based on available information, there is little direct reference in recent sources to foreign sales of China’s J-10 fighter jet.

The text provided does not list specific confirmed customers, but it is important to note that the J-10 is designed and primarily used by the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).

- Open sources suggest the J-10 has, so far, a limited export record.

However, Pakistan has long been reported as a primary candidate for purchasing the J-10, and in early 2022, Pakistan confirmed the order of J-10C fighters from China.

Delivery of these jets started later in 2022, making Pakistan the first confirmed export customer.

- No other countries have officially purchased the J-10 as of early 2024, though media occasionally cite interest from nations in Asia, Africa, or the Middle East.

However, no other contracts have been publicly confirmed.

Feedback from Buyers:**
- Pakistan’s leadership and air force have issued positive statements about the J-10, describing it as a "next-generation" addition and a complement to their existing fleet (which includes JF-17s and F-16s).

Pakistani officials specifically highlight the J-10C’s advanced avionics, AESA radar, and compatibility with Chinese weapons, seeing it as a counterbalance to Indian Rafales.

- No considerable negative feedback from Pakistani officials is public.

It’s worth noting, as an early operator, extensive long-term operational feedback has not yet emerged in open sources.

Media and Commentator Evaluations:**
- Media outlets and defense analysts have consistently described the J-10 as a capable "4.5 generation" fighter, with strengths in agility, modern avionics, and multirole capability.

The J-10C, in particular, is well-regarded for its AESA radar, electronic warfare systems, and compatibility with advanced Chinese missiles such as the PL-15.

- However, Western and Russian commentators often note that the J-10 does not match Western fifth-generation jets (like the F-35) but is competitive in its class against other non-stealth fighters.

- Some analysts point out that reliance on Russian engines (AL-31FN series) has been a weakness, although China is working on its own WS-10 engines.

- The lack of widespread international sales has been commented on as a potential weakness, reflecting buyer hesitation due to geopolitical considerations, after-sales support uncertainty, and preference for established Western or Russian platforms.

Overall Assessment:**
- The J-10 is seen as a modern, cost-effective alternative for air forces seeking to modernize, especially those with close ties to China.

- Its export success appears constrained by political factors and intense competition, but the Pakistan sale is considered a significant breakthrough.

- The aircraft receives respect in regional airpower discussions and is regarded as a milestone in China’s domestic aerospace development, though still trailing behind the export reach of Western competitors.

**Conclusion:**
China’s J-10 is a modern multirole fighter making incremental export inroads, notably with the Pakistan deal.

Buyer feedback is positive but still early.

Media and expert commentary sees the type as credible and modern, if not yet a global best-seller.

Here is a summary of the key points regarding China's J-10 fighter jet export market, buyer feedback, and media/analyst commentary, distilled from the provided text:

**Countries Buying or Interested in J-10 Fighter Jets:**
- **Pakistan:** The J-10CE (export variant of J-10C) is the most notable J-10 export, with Pakistan confirmed as a customer.

Pakistan’s purchase is widely seen as a significant milestone, diversifying its fleet beyond the JF-17s also co-developed with China.

Delivery of the J-10CE began in 2022 (not in extract but widely reported).

- **Turkey (Potential):** Turkish officials, amid frustration over US F-16 sales, have cited the J-10 as a possible alternative, alongside Russian and Eurofighter jets.

No formal purchase confirmed as per open sources, but public statements indicate interest in a non-Western fighter.

- Other countries have expressed interest informally, but as of the latest reporting, Pakistan is the only confirmed customer.

**Feedback from Buyers:**
- **Pakistan Air Force:** Public statements have portrayed the J-10 purchase as strengthening its air combat capabilities, providing access to a 4.5-generation platform and advanced avionics/radar.

- Early feedback from Pakistan has focused on the J-10’s improved avionics, electronic warfare, and weapons integration, asserting that it significantly boosts force projection—though detailed operational evaluations are not yet in the public domain.

**Media and Analyst Commentary:**
- The J-10 is described in regional and global defense commentary as China’s answer to Western and Russian 4.5-generation fighters, and as a cost-effective alternative to Western jets (such as the F-16).

- The J-10C model, with AESA radar and expanded weapons compatibility (including the PL-15 beyond-visual-range missile), is specifically cited as competitive in its price category.

- There is skepticism from defense analysts over Chinese engine technology maturity and whether the J-10 matches the maintainability and operational readiness rates of Western platforms.

- The J-10’s successful export to Pakistan is seen as both a testament to China’s improving defense tech and a sign of shifting alliances among countries unable or unwilling to purchase US jets for political reasons.

- Some Turkish officials have reportedly remarked on the J-10 as a "better alternative" compared to the F-16, partially driven by political tensions with the US.

- Generally, Western and Indian media highlight lingering concerns over Chinese quality assurance, supply chain reliability, and after-sales support, describing Chinese jets as improving rapidly, but not fully at par with their US or European counterparts yet.

**Summary:**
The J-10’s export market is modest but growing, with Pakistan as the key customer and Turkey indicating possible future interest.

Here is a summary report on the export market of China’s J-10 fighter jet, synthesizing the main points from the provided extracts and wider context as requested:

---

**Overview**
- The J-10 is a multirole fighter developed by Chengdu for the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), positioned as a competitor to Western legacy fighters such as the F-16.

Title:

Content: What's new

India’s AMCA ‘Stealth Fighters’ Enter Production Stage, How Does It Jet Stack-Up Against China’s J-20 Mighty Dragon?

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India’s AMCA ‘Stealth Fighters’ Enter Production Stage, How Does It Jet Stack-Up Against China’s J-20 Mighty Dragon?

BySakshi Tiwari

March 21, 2022

The fifth-generation J-20 ‘Mighty Dragon’ is a prized possession of the Chinese PLA Air Force. With India’s prototype of AMCA going into production, will the Chinese stealth fighters have a potential challenger right across the border?

The Chengdu J-20 is a single-seat, multi-role stealth fighter that serves as a symbol of China’s growing air power as the plane has been featured prominently in military parades and air shows across the country.

Last year, the J-20 reportedly entered mass production after replacing the Russian AL-31F Turbofan engine with a domestically built WS-10. According to Chinese plans, the current WS-10C engine is further to be replaced by the latest and more advanced WS-15.

Chinese jets have traditionally been powered by Russian-made engines. China has long sought to develop its own engine and gain maximum flexibility, freeing itself from the constraints imposed by Russian engines. The successful integration of WS-15 on J-20s could be the next big breakthrough in self-sufficiency for China.

China’s next-generation turbofan engine, the WS-15, which is to dramatically boost the performance of the J-20 stealth fighter jet, has completed rigorous testing.

The WS-15 engine has undergone several tests, according to China Central Television (CCTV), after the WS-10, China’s first independently developed high performance, high thrust turbofan engine with afterburner, was installed on fighter jets such as the J-10, J-11, and J-20 since 2016.

The WS-15 has a low bypass ratio and is capable of thrust vector control, according to CCTV. It was developed for fifth-generation heavy and medium fighter jets. The J-20s were supposed to be integrated with the WS-15, but due to test failures, China decided to stick to the WS-10C.

The Chinese military now has a fleet of roughly 50 J-20s. New J-20s will be equipped with the WS-15 engine, said a report of South China Morning Post.

China has been relentlessly working to close the gap with the US Air Force and the upgrades that it is carrying out to the WS-10 engines are aimed at challenging the F-22 Raptors of the US.

This year, China will begin upgrading the J-20 engines by incorporating thrust vectoring technology to get it closer to the performance of the American F-22 Raptor, as previously reported by EurAsian Times.

File Image: J-20
The J-20 has also often been compared with another fifth-generation fighter Aircraft in the US arsenal, the F-35. China is reportedly on track to increase the production of its J-20 aircraft. This was perhaps in response to the American plan to field more than 2,000 F-35 stealth jets across its three armed services, besides Japan’s multibillion-dollar F-35 acquisition.

China had dispatched J-20s to air bases in Xinjiang following a bloody encounter with Indian forces at Galwan in eastern Ladakh in June 2020.

India’s AMCA Warplane

India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently announced the proverbial “metal cutting” for the first prototype of the country’s next-generation fighter jet, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft.

The maiden flight of the AMCA is scheduled for 2024-25, with serial production beginning in 2030, EurAsian Times had reported.

According to reports, the Indian Air Force has committed to 40 AMCA Mk-1 fighters, as well as at least 100 Mk-2 variants and some unmanned aircraft. Like the Chinese J-20, the stealthy AMCA is also going to have ‘super cruise’ capabilities.

With AMCA, India will enter the exclusive club of countries with fifth-generation stealth warplanes. So far, the US (F-35 and F-22 Raptors), Russia (Su-57), and China (J-20) have built such fighters.

An AMCA model displayed during Aero India 2021 (Wikimedia Commons)
Although it is unknown how the AMCA, which is yet to be manufactured, will exactly compete with the Chinese J-20,

According to Aeronautical Development Agency chief Girish Deodhare, the AMCA will be available in stealth and non-stealth variants and will be produced in two stages: an AMCA MK1 with an existing GE414 afterburning turbofan engine that powers the LCA Tejas, and an AMCA Mk2 with a new, more powerful engine that will be developed in collaboration with a foreign player.

India and France are now reportedly close to reaching an agreement for the joint development of a 125KN engine that will power AMCA. The deal is expected to be signed in the near future.

Some experts have speculated that the Indian Air Force would model its futuristic aircraft AMCA on the American F-35. If true, this could ensure greater interoperability between the Indian and US Air Forces and could come as a massive headache for the PLAAF.

AMCA will be a single-seat all-weather swing-role stealth fighter jet with twin turbofan engines. It will be capable of a wide range of operations, including air superiority, ground strikes, enemy air defense suppression, and electronic warfare. China is reportedly working on a two-seat variant of the J-20.

AMCA is designed for super-cruise capability and a reduced radar cross-section. Both these features that the AMCA strives to include are already present in the J-20 Mighty Dragon. Further, J-20 took its first flight a decade ago and was inducted in 2017 whereas the AMCA is yet to see the light of the day.

The 20-ton AMCA fighter would be able to carry one-and-a-half tons of armament in internal weapon bays in its stealth mode. The non-stealth variant would carry weapons, targeting and observation pods, as well as fuel tanks on external pylons under the wings and fuselage.

Further, like the indigenous LCA Tejas that wields Python missiles, Astra BVRAAM, Vympel R-77, and R-73 air-to-air missiles, the Kh-59ME TV guided stand-off missile and the Kh-59MK laser-guided stand-off missiles, the AMCA could be integrated with similar weapons. Just as India sought HAMMER missiles for LCA, advanced missiles could also be imported for the AMCA.

Indian media reported that the AMCA could be equipped with Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs) just as China’s J-20 is believed to get the DEWs, as previously revealed by a Global Times report.

The AMCA’s avionics suite will comprise modern radars and electronic warfare capabilities with “sixth-generation characteristics.” The plane will have a very low radar cross-section for better stealth, as well as AI-based technologies and an upgraded cockpit display with a touch screen interface.

All these specifications are expected to put the aircraft on par with the J-20. According to reports, the AMCA will also incorporate thrust-vectoring engines. The J-20 is on course to upgrade its WS-10 engines with thrust vectoring technology while the WS-15 already possesses this technology aimed at achieving better maneuverability.

Both the Chinese J-20 and Indian AMCA have air superiority as their primary objectives. While the Chinese Air Force developed its fifth-generation fighter years ago, the addition of a similar aircraft to IAF’s arsenal could create a balance of power between the two adversaries that are locked in a prolonged border standoff.

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Its a long long way from production stage. Some bits are being assembled but that does not mean its entered production.
It will be some years before it flies

baqai

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i don't understand how can they jump from one project to another without finishing the first one?

i mean LCA is still not finished, the aircraft has not been inducted in the Airforce, not seen any combat, not seen any real life flying yet it is up for sale.

Reminds me of our politicians ... project hu na hu inauguration karwa du apnay naam ki

STREANH

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i don't understand how can they jump from one project to another without finishing the first one?

i mean LCA is still not finished, the aircraft has not been inducted in the Airforce, not seen any combat, not seen any real life flying yet it is up for sale.

Reminds me of our politicians ... project hu na hu inauguration karwa du apnay naam ki

Have you thought of the possibility that they have different teams for different projects?

Moreover, for the AMCA and the multi-role helicopter projects, the majority of the ownership is expected to be owned by a consortium of private sector companies with HAL being the minority stake holder. There is a huge difference in the working cultures of private and public sector companies in India.

Indos

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Its a long long way from production stage. Some bits are being assembled but that does not mean its entered production.
It will be some years before it flies

Yup, that is just a tiny part production, similar like KF21/IFX program there are some parts being produced in early 2019 despite detail design completion was in September 2019 ( for single seat variant), KF 21 roll out is in 2021 April.

So if we compare AMCA with KF21/IFX program, so AMCA prototype roll out will likely be in 2024 and test flight is in 2025 with assumption the development goes smoothly from now until the flight test.

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- Its most prominent export customer has been Pakistan, marking China’s first significant sale of a modern fighter jet to another country.

Title:

Content: Pakistan

Pakistan in Talks with China for Light Attack Aircraft Purchase at Dubai Airshow

China’s Hongdu Aircraft Company has confirmed that Pakistan is engaged in formal discussions regarding the acquisition of light attack aircraft during the 2023 Dubai Airshow.

The proposed purchase aims to replace the aging F-7PG fighters in service with the Pakistan Air Force, currently utilized for combat pilot conversion.

According to Hongdu, Pakistan is looking to procure the L-15 trainer light attack aircraft. The armed version of the L-15 boasts nine hardpoints capable of carrying up to three tonnes of weapons strategically positioned on the fuselage and wings. Equipped with HJ-10 anti-tank guided missiles and the LS series of 250-500kg laser- and satellite-guided bombs, the aircraft aims to enhance its ground assault capabilities.

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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

**Countries Procuring the J-10**
- **Pakistan**:
    - In 2022, Pakistan signed a deal with China for the purchase of J-10C fighters, with initial deliveries made in March 2022.

Title:

Content: L-15 designed by Yakovlev Design Bureau of Russia — it has striking resemblance to Yak-130 jet

During the 2023 Dubai Air Show, China’s Hongdu Aircraft Company confirmed that Pakistan is engaged in formal negotiations to acquire light attack aircraft from China.

This potential acquisition aims to replace the aging F-7PG fighters currently used by the Pakistan Air Force for combat pilot conversion.

According to Hongdu, Pakistan wants to buy a light attack aircraft version of the L-15 trainer.

The armed variant of the L-15 boasts nine hardpoints capable of carrying approximately three tons of weaponry, strategically distributed across its fuselage and wings. Its arsenal includes the versatile HJ-10 anti-tank guided missiles and the LS series of 250-500kg laser- and satellite-guided bombs, augmenting its ground attack capabilities.

Equipped with a suite of Chinese lightweight aircraft sensors, including multi-mode targeting pods and electronic jammers, the L-15 stands out. Its electronically scanned array radar enables an anti-aircraft role, complemented by the integration of PL-12 long-range air-to-air missiles and PL-10 infrared-guided short-range missiles.

Further range extension options involve fuel drop tanks, enhancing its 500km combat radius for increased operational efficiency and on-station flight duration.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- This acquisition aims to partially replace Pakistan’s aging F-7PGs and to complement its JF-17 fleet.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- During recent airshows (e.g., Dubai Air Show 2023), official statements confirmed ongoing negotiations for additional Chinese combat aircraft, although recent discussions seem to focus more on light attack aircraft.

- As of early 2024, Pakistan remains the only confirmed foreign operator of the J-10.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

**Feedback and Evaluation by Buyers**
- **Pakistan’s Perspective**:
    - The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has highlighted the J-10C’s avionics, radar (AESA), and integration of Chinese-made air-to-air missiles (such as the PL-15) as major advantages, potentially counterbalancing India’s acquisition of Rafale fighters.

What specific models of missiles can China's J-10 FIghters carry?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- Pakistani analysts praised the jet for its maneuverability, modern sensors, and capability to deploy advanced weapons.

- **Critiques**:
    - Despite positive remarks, commentary from regional and international defense analysts points out that much of the J-10’s systems remain untested in actual combat.

Title:

Content: World

From hypersonic missile to stealth fighter, China’s military race

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The world’s first stealth two-seater stealth fighter, J20 Wilong, “Mighty Dragon”, could make its maiden flight to China in less than two weeks, allowing Beijing to supplant Washington in the so-called “Next Generation Air Dominance” (NGAD) , the latest generation aerial domain. The official presentation will probably take place as early as November 11, and will be the flagship of the impressive 72nd anniversary celebrations of the PLA Air Force, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, which is preparing to show the world its latest advances in its military technology. But China’s massive arms race in terms not only quantitative but, above all, technologically qualitative, is not limited to the new futuristic invisible two-seater aircraft, because in these hours it has leaked from reliable sources close to the military leaders of the Pla that China has strongly increased the number of missile tests to increase the reliability and effectiveness of even these dreaded weapons, including nuclear hypersonic missiles. And timing is certainly not causal, because the target of this muscular display of military might always has the same name: Taiwan.

Today, at the G20 underway in Rome, the Chinese Foreign Minister threatened a bit ‘everyone – the US in the first place – warning the world once again – but with even greater vehemence than in the past – that Taiwan is hot stuff, and it will be better for everyone to refrain even from trying to get in the way between Beijing and Taipei: “Those who support Taiwan will pay the price” said with a more resolute expression than usual – and with very little diplomacy – the head of Beijing diplomacy, Wang Yi, who at home they call it “Silver Fox”. A nickname that he deserved not so much for his candid hair, but above all for his Machiavellian cunning capable – as indeed he has shown on several occasions – to make fun of diplomats, politicians and countries. Yi is a great Mahjong player, like all Chinese, and today in Rome the clear impression is that he played a game of geopolitical Mahjong against an international parterre of players. By winning him, of course, or rather, by assigning the victory once again to China, which made more noise with an absence – that of Xi Jinping – than any presence, even prominent, such as that of Joe Biden.

Earlier this week, Beijing had already warned Washington that its support for Taiwan would entail “enormous risks” for relations between the two main world powers. After the news of the presence of American troops on the ground of what Beijing considers nothing more than a “rebel province”, confirmed by Taiwanese President Tsai Ying Wen in an interview with CNN, the tension has grown even more, up to lead to today’s threatening warnings. “Recently, the United States and other countries have tried to achieve a breakthrough on Taiwan, contrary to the political guarantees given when they established diplomatic relations with China,” the Beijing Foreign Minister insisted, but, he said again, “the history and the idea of ”One China” are indisputable and the progress of the 1.4 billion inhabitants of China in promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland is unstoppable “: in practice, – this in a nutshell the thesis of China stated today da Wang – the US and its allies are betraying their commitments with China by trying to “reach out” to Taiwan.

U.S. efforts to develop a two-seat stealth fighter stalled in the 1990s when a variant of the Lockheed Martin / Boeing F-22 was abandoned to save money. In the early 2010s the Pentagon announced two next-generation programs: the aforementioned NGAD for aeronautics and a long-term naval plan known as F / A-XX for the development of next-generation naval aircraft to integrate and ultimately replace the current F / A-18E / F Super Hornet Fighter. Now China proves to be able to easily supplant American military efforts, with this new fighter, whose prototype was first seen (and photographed) a few days ago while taxiing on the runway of an airport for flight tests. at the Chengdu Aerospace Corporation facility in the southwestern province of Sichuan. With this unprecedented two-seater variant of the J-20, the Chinese aerospace military industry demonstrates that Beijing is now perfectly capable of developing a fully proprietary war technology, and no longer needs to rely on foreign technology, as it did in the past. Two-seat stealth fighters to date have been designed as training aircraft, with the back seat reserved for a trainer. What makes China’s new “Mighty Dragon” so lethal is the fact that the second pilot is able to autonomously control drones close to the plane – dubbed “loyal wingmen” by Chinese military designers – in aerial combat. A frightening combination to say the least.

The impending inaugural flight on 11 November will take place under very different circumstances from the unveiling of the first J-20 Mighty Dragon, which took place on 11 January 2011, during a visit to Beijing by then US Defense Secretary Robert Gates, aimed at defuse military tensions between the two countries. Those were times when that maiden flight served to show China’s efforts to increase military transparency, as both sides hoped to strengthen mutual political trust. A decade later, the meaning of the two inaugural flights has totally changed. Now it is a pure display of the weapon’s technical effectiveness. China wants to show everyone its ability to use “faithful gregarious” drones with or without crew, openly challenging the concept of American NGAD, on the same ground.

In recent years, China has increased the frequency and scope of military tests, carried out using established and / or experimental weapons. Most missile tests in China are conducted in secret, but some can be detected by satellites. Earlier this month, Ned Price, a spokesman for the US State Department, said China launched at least 250 ballistic missiles between January and September, equivalent to the total number of tests last year. Price did not disclose the number of tests carried out by the United States over the same period, but said the White House interpreted the Chinese tests as a “rapid expansion of nuclear capabilities of the PRC,” adding that the US was faced with a “particularly worrying” scenario. A concern further increased in the last hours by the news coming from Beijing that speak of a drastic increase in the number of test flights that Chinese missiles have to face before going into production, in an attempt to further improve their reliability. The new air-to-air missiles, in fact, previously had to carry out eight tests in which they hit a moving target, to be considered suitable for production; now the minimum requirement has risen to 15. Soon, then, other parameters will also be tested such as, for example, the verification of resistance to electromagnetic impulse attacks, and in that case the new missiles will have to pass 20 tests.

Recently, in the specialized magazine Aero Weaponry, military researcher Li Gencheng and colleagues from the China Airborne Missile Academy in Luoyang published an article referring to problems about the “unstable quality” of supplies and the “unreliable delivery times” of companies. Chinese suppliers. “The high command wanted these problems to be solved before mass production” – reads the article – and for this reason, in order to be able to count on a reliable and definitive quality check, they decided to launch the new protocol on missile tests. . Also according to another study signed by senior engineer Liu Yan and his colleagues at the Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineers, published in the journal Modern Defense Technology, the Chinese military is facing an increasing number of quality control problems during the development of new weapons. In the past, missiles were extensively tested in different environments – such as deserts or islands – for long periods, but this is no longer possible due to the large number of new weapons that have appeared in recent years. The PLA then established a new centralized task force to oversee the reliability of the new missiles, built a series of test facilities with controlled environments to accelerate testing, and plans to use artificial intelligence technology, according to the paper.

Initially, the leaders of the Chinese army had made two proposals to establish the new missile protocols. The first involved the launch of a new missile reaching the target 15 times without any failure, the other 27 times, with no more than one failure, to guarantee a success rate of more than 90%. But the military’s proposals sparked protests from Beijing’s defense contractors, who argued that the new missiles’ chances of passing these tests would be well below 20 percent. After the negotiations, the People’s Liberation Army and the state defense companies reached a compromise, in which the contractor produces 50 missiles, from which the army randomly chooses 15 for testing and the new weapon gets the go. free for deployment if no more than two miss the target.

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Limiting the number of missile tests is an important aspect of international arms control treaties because the more reliable a weapon is, the more formidable it becomes to the international community.

Other countries also encountered problems when testing missiles. For example, a US Minuteman III ICBM failed to take off during a test flight in May of this year. In 2018, the US military had to press the self-destruct button on another Minuteman who had developed “anomalies” during a Pacific test.

During a meeting with military and defense industry representatives on Tuesday, President Xi Jinping said that China’s “arms and equipment construction has achieved exceptional development and historic achievements” over the past five years. Xi urged military and industrial leaders to “strengthen a modern management system while opening new horizons in the production of weapons and equipment,” according to the People’s Daily, a Chinese Communist Party newspaper.

The Financial Times recently reported that China had tested two new hypersonic nuclear-capable weapons that could travel at more than five times the speed of sound, a development that a senior US commander described as “very disturbing,” although Beijing denied. that the tests had a military purpose. The Chinese Foreign Ministry denied the reports and said the operations were “routine test flights” aimed at recycling spacecraft to reduce exploration costs. An affirmation that – even more so in the light of these new, worrying updates on the military escalation undertaken by Beijing with ever more determination and use of financial resources and technological means – has not really convinced anyone.

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James Reno

Editor-in-Chief, James loves playing games and loves to write about them more. He knows a lot about entertainment because he has done a drama course. James loves writing, so he is our writer. email: james@d1softballnews.com

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What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

- Some critics note continued concerns over engine reliability, as Chinese engines like the WS-10 have only lately reached maturity.

Title:

Content: What's new

Black Smoke Arises From China’s J-20 Stealth Fighter; Is Mighty Dragon Already Breaking Down?

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Black Smoke Arises From China’s J-20 Stealth Fighter; Is Mighty Dragon Already Breaking Down?https://eurasiantimes.com/category/expert-reviews/

Videos and photos of a Chinese J-20 stealth fighter jet releasing black smoke circulated the internet and caused debate among defense enthusiasts and military observers.

Some watchers claimed that the jet is overhyped and issues with poor Chinese manufacturing have begun to show.

The Generation 5 stealth fighter has been displayed to the public for the first time in this year’s ongoing Zhuhai Air Show, where the fighter landed, taxied, and parked before the public for a closer view.

Usually, the fighter only conducted flypasts and aerobatics. Now opening the ‘Mighty dragon’ for the audience indicates China’s and the People’s Liberation Army Air Force’s (PLAAF) confidence in the aircraft.

The rare public display also led to some close-up photographs being clicked, showing its brake parachute, part of the cockpit, and the enclosed air-to-air refueling probe.

The fine workmanship and finishing of the plane’s body were also visible, baring the highly sophisticated metallurgical, forging, and precision cutting processes.

J-20 Breaking Down?

The video showed a puff of black smoke being released from a small exhaust in the bottom spine of the plane, just before the tails (vertical stabilizer) section.

Onlookers claimed it was an issue with the plane’s engines, which China has still not succeeded in fully mastering. However, putting doubts ti rest, experts said it was the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), which also operates the same way on the American F-22 Raptor.

The APU is usually a miniature jet whose primary role is to drive the main engine to complete the start-up operation.

It also provides part of the power and high-pressure air or fluid when the main engine is turned off to save fuel and reduce its wear and tear. This cumulatively has a significant positive impact on the main engine’s life and maintainability.

“That’s a most common feature when the APU starts,” noted Chinese military aviation expert Andreas Rupprecht while speaking to EurAsian Times. Former IAF Jaguar pilot Squadron Leader Vijainder K. Thakur confirmed it was the APU.

The following video shows the F-22’s APU throwing out thick, dark greyish, and black smoke. The F-22’s APU is located just under the leading edge of the left wing, above the side internal weapons bay compartment.

nother comment from a Chinese national on a popular defense page, who was present at the air show, said that the same J-20 was merely stopping over at Zhuhai and was seen perfectly taking off later. There were no issues with the engine.

J-20 To Be Upgraded Further

While the era for the J-20 is just beginning, unlike the F-22 and the F-35, which are beset with a host of production, technical and budget constraints.

Global Times quoted the J-20’s chief designer Yang Wei, who said that future upgrades would involve Artificial Intelligence (AI) and “cognitive technologies” to make it perform optimally in a “combat system.”

Current air warfare philosophy considers systems as teams and combinations of aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), which would coordinate to carry out joint tasks.

Speaking at a press conference by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), Wei said, “Four J-20s can form a formation, which is a small system; a J-20 can team up with a J-16 and a J-10C in another small system. Recent news reports also suggested that the J-20 can fly together with drones, which is also a system.”

The report quoted Yang saying that the development strategy of the PLAAF used to be homeland defense, but now it has become air-space integration with both attack and defense capabilities.

Junk-20 @F-22Raptor @Hamartia Antidote

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What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

**Media and Commentators’ Viewpoints**
- **Chinese Media**:
    - State media (e.g., CCTV, Global Times) assert that the J-10C brings China closer to US standards, touting upgrades such as thrust vectoring and modern avionics.

- Coverage emphasizes rapid technological progress and strategic impact on regional balances, especially with regard to India and the Indo-Pacific.

Title:

Content: What's new

China’s Stealth Fighter Designer Critiques U.S. B-21 Bomber Development Pace

beijingwalker

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China’s Stealth Fighter Designer Critiques U.S. B-21 Bomber Development Pace

on 23 December 2023

In a lecture aimed at dissecting the evolution of air warfare, Yang Wei, the chief designer of China’s leading-edge J-20 stealth fighter, scrutinized the developments surrounding America’s B-21 Raider stealth bomber. Yang compared the philosophies underlying military aviation advancements in China and the United States, suggesting that China’s approach to research and development outpaces that of its American counterpart. The analysis of the U.S. B-21 Raider’s progress and the broader implications of this comparison has sparked interest and commentary throughout the defense community.

China’s military advances have been notable not only for their technological aspects but also for their speed. According to Yang Wei, this is exemplified in China’s adoption of digital engineering, which enables faster development cycles compared to American methods. Yang’s critique extended beyond a simple one-upmanship of aircraft capabilities, targeting the fundamental R&D approaches between the two powers. Moreover, his speech hinted at deeper collaboration with China’s Academy of Engineering Physics, spurring speculation about China integrating nuclear capabilities onto their fighter jets, a strategic shift from China’s historically defensive nuclear posture.

This evolving strategy aligns with China’s broader military developments. Enhancing the J-20 stealth fighter with a nuclear strike capability could offer China a more immediate nuclear deterrent while the development of the H-20 bomber continues. The J-20’s advanced stealth characteristics could potentially enable it to execute penetrating nuclear strikes with a greater probability of evading detection and defensive measures. With both nations advancing their military aviation technology, the competition underscores not just advancements in technical capabilities, but also in strategic doctrine.
In sum, the insights from Yang Wei’s talk echo a larger narrative regarding the competitive advancement in stealth technology and, importantly, highlight the strategic implications should China pair its stealth fighters with nuclear weaponry.

FAQ:
1. What was the primary focus of Yang Wei’s lecture?
Yang Wei’s lecture focused on the evolution of air warfare, specifically the development of the J-20 stealth fighter and the comparison with America’s B-21 Raider stealth bomber.

2. How does China’s approach to military aviation R&D compare with that of the United States?
According to Yang Wei, China’s employs digital engineering which leads to faster development cycles, suggesting an advantage over traditional American R&D methods.
3. What speculation has arisen from Yang Wei’s mention of collaboration with China’s Academy of Engineering Physics?
There is speculation that China may be considering integrating nuclear capabilities onto their J-20 fighter jets, indicating a possible shift in China’s nuclear strategy.
4. What strategic advantage could China gain by enhancing the J-20 with nuclear strike capability?
Such a capability could provide China with a more immediate nuclear deterrent and the ability to execute penetrating nuclear strikes that could evade detection and defensive measures.
5. Why is the competition between China and the U.S. in military aviation technology significant?
The competition is significant because it reflects not only advancements in technical capabilities but also shifts in strategic military doctrines.
Definitions:
Stealth Technology: A set of techniques used in military aviation to make aircraft less detectable by radar and other detection methods.
Digital Engineering: An approach to designing and developing systems that utilize advanced computing and simulation to create faster, more efficient development processes.
Nuclear Deterrent: A strategy wherein a country possesses nuclear weapons to discourage an enemy from taking an action, typically by the promise of retaliation.
Research and Development (R&D): The process through which new products and technologies are created and existing products are improved.

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- **International Observers**:
    - Mixed opinions exist—some Western analysts remain skeptical about the jet’s combat effectiveness and engine performance compared to Western alternatives.

Title:

Content: Mock Attack On U.S. Navy Vessels Underway During Chinese Fighter’s ‘Unsafe Intercept’

The Chinese Navy staged a simulated attack on U.S. Navy warships in the South China Sea earlier this month.

byThomas Newdick| PUBLISHED Dec 30, 2022 12:31 PM
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The Chinese Navy simulated an attack on a U.S. Navy task group in the South China Sea on December 21, the same day that a Chinese J-11 fighter jet intercepted a U.S. Air Force RC-135 surveillance aircraft, in what the Pentagon termed an “unsafe maneuver.” While a video of the intercept was released yesterday, which you can read more about here, further details are now becoming available pointing to a large-scale Chinese exercise in the South China Sea, involving the aircraft carrier Shandong, as well as other undisclosed bomber and fighter aircraft.

“As part of that exercise, a strike group led by the Shandong simulated attacks on a U.S. Navy formation,” an official from an unnamed Asian country disclosed to the Financial Times. It was while this was happening that the armed People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) J-11BSH Flanker fighter jet intercepted the RC-135. That incident occurred within international airspace.

It’s now clear that there was significant air and naval activity in the South China Sea at the time, which also included refueling sorties above the Bashi Channel, the highly strategic straits which run from the southern end of Taiwan to the northern tip of the island of Luzon in the Philippines.

Intense Chinese military activity in the South China Sea is hardly unusual, although it’s interesting to note that, in this case, the exercise scenario apparently targeted U.S. Navy vessels specifically.

At the same, time, U.S. surveillance and maritime patrol aircraft are also regular visitors to the South China Sea, and the Bashi Channel in particular.

Indeed, it’s highly conceivable that the RC-135 that was intercepted was monitoring the same Chinese military drill as it unfolded in the air and in the waters of the South China Sea. In the past, the SCS Probing Initiative, hosted by the Peking University in Beijing, has claimed that “The U.S. military conducts three to five sorties to the South China Sea every day.”

On December 21, according to the SCS Probing Initiative, the U.S. military sent three P-8A maritime patrol aircraft, one RC-135V surveillance aircraft, and one E-3G airborne early warning and control aircraft from Clark Air Base and Kadena Air Base to operate over the South China Sea and south of the Taiwan Strait. The RC-135V in question could very well have been the one intercepted by the J-11.

Meanwhile, the PLAN’s most recently inducted aircraft carrier, Shandong, has also conducted previous exercises in the region, as have U.S. Navy carrier strike groups.

In fact, the intensity of U.S. carrier operations in the South China Sea has picked up in recent years. In July 2020, for example, two Nimitz class aircraft carriers, the USS Nimitz and USS Ronald Reagan took part in the first dual-carrier exercise held there in six years.

Notably, as of December 21, the PLAN also had another carrier task group conducting large-scale exercises, this time with Liaoning operating in the Philippine Sea. The ability of the PLAN to carry out simultaneous large-scale carrier operations in two different locations is a significant one, as carriers and out-of-area operations become more central to its concept of operations.

Overall, the events of December 21 reflect the patterns of activity that are increasingly commonplace for both China and the United States in the region.

Beijing claims the bulk of the South China Sea as its sovereign territory, contributing to this being the region’s most hotly contested body of water. Such claims are bolstered by China’s construction of controversial man-made islands in the region. These outposts have become increasingly militarized, part of China’s strategy for enforcing its expansive territorial claims despite significant international opposition. The same strategy also involves paramilitary vessels that are used to impede other nations’ access to fishing areas and energy resources.

In addition, the Bashi Channel serves as an important passageway from the South China Sea in the broader Pacific to the east, especially for Chinese submarines. These include the ballistic missile submarines at the sprawling Yulin Naval Base on Hainan Island, at the northern end of the South China Sea, which constitute an increasingly important part of Beijing’s strategic nuclear forces.

For the U.S. military, meanwhile, there is a clear requirement to monitor Chinese activities in the region, including exercises, but also gathering any kind of intelligence that could shed light on the capabilities of PLAN aircraft and ships, as well as tactics, techniques, and procedures. Of course, a close intercept by a J-11 on a U.S. strategic reconnaissance asset can also reveal critical intelligence details.

While the precise location of the RC-135 intercept, and of the simulated attacks on the U.S. Navy by the Shandong strike group, remain unclear, the issue of Taiwan also plays into the geopolitical backdrop of these and similar incidents.

The Chinese leadership has taken an increasingly aggressive stance toward Taiwan in recent years, while officials in the United States are now more openly expressing concerns that Beijing may seek to take control of the island sooner rather than later. The PLAN’s ability to frustrate any U.S. Navy operations that might be undertaken in support of Taiwan is clearly fundamental to success

As to the RC-135’s encounter with the J-11, a U.S. military spokesperson has confirmed to Reuters that the Chinese jet actually came within 10 feet of the surveillance plane’s wing, but 20 feet from its nose. It was the position of the Chinese jet off the nose of the RC-135 which reportedly caused the U.S. aircraft to take evasive maneuvers to avoid a collision.

The video that has been presented doesn’t appear to show the J-11 in extremely close proximity to the RC-135, or undertaking overtly hazardous maneuvers, something that former RC-135 pilot and contributor to The War Zone, Robert S Hopkins III, has observed:

Still, the Chinese Flanker is shown coming close to the RC-135 in a manner in which keeping visual separation may have been impeded for the pilot flying the fighter and we don't know what else happened that was not shown in the video. But by the DoD's account, some evasive maneuvering occurred, which we do not see.

Regardless, the Pentagon clearly considers that the action by the J-11 fits within a wider pattern of “dangerous behavior” by Chinese military aircraft, especially over the highly contested South China Sea.

Repeated incidents have been described variously as risky or unprofessional, although it’s also apparent that these encompass a range of different actions by the Chinese aircraft, some of which are clearly more dangerous than others.

In July, Gen. Mark Milley, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that China had become more aggressive in its intercepts of U.S. and allied military aircraft. U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin has also raised his concerns about this issue in a recent meeting with Chinese Minister of Defense Wei Fenghe.

Some actions by Chinese aircraft in recent months have been more overtly threatening. A case in point is the incident in May this year, when an Australian P-8A was damaged by countermeasures launched by a Chinese J-16 Flanker fighter jet over the South China Sea, according to the Australian Department of Defense.

In an incident that you can read more about here, the J-16 is said to have cut across and in front of the Australian patrol plane before releasing chaff, which is normally used to blind and confuse radars, but which would cause serious damage if ingested into an engine.

In response to the P-8 incident, the Chinese Ministry of Defense stated that the “countermeasures taken by the Chinese military are professional, safe, reasonable, and legitimate.”

Beijing frames military activities by the United States and its allies as a threat to peace in the region, issuing sharp rebukes to U.S. Navy warships conducting so-called Freedom of Navigation Patrols, or FONOPs. Meanwhile, its claims over most of the South China Sea and Taiwan remain steadfast.

So far, the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command has not provided any more details about the December 21 incident, or the scope of the Chinese exercise, but the issue of the RC-135 intercept has been raised with the Chinese government. The Ministry of Defense in Beijing and the Chinese Embassy in the United States are yet to comment.

With no obvious signs that the overall geopolitical situation in the region is set to change any time soon, it seems more likely than not that we will see more incidents involving the PLAN and the U.S. military — and its allies — in this strategic area.

Large-scale exercises like those undertaken by China in the South China Sea on December 21, and the RC-135 intercept that took place concurrently, also highlight the dangers of inadvertent conflict — if only through a misunderstanding — that are always present in these kinds of high-stakes encounters.

Contact the author: thomas@thedrive.com

- There is acknowledgment that the J-10 family, especially the J-10C, is now a credible non-Western 4.5-generation option, particularly attractive to countries with limited access to Western aircraft due to political or financial constraints.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

J-10 series are a fourth-generation fighters.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

- However, they also note China’s relative lack of international customers and ongoing concerns over system reliability.

Title:

Content: Weapons that Don’t Work in the Ukraine War Make Up Most of China’s Military

Chinese analysts want to understand why Russian weapons are doing so badly in the war in Ukraine. 70% of China’s modern airplanes are licensed copies, unlicensed copies or variants of the SU-27. 20% are inferior planes that are not even as good as the Russian copies.

The Ukraine War has been an actual real world test or most of the modern planes, missiles, drones that the world has. The only systems that have not been tested or used are the stealth fighters. Russia has some SU57 stealth fighters but has not used them other than a few safe uses from long-range.

The other lessons are which tactics are ineffective and which tactics are more effective. There is also the need for a lot more drones for front line troops. Drones have become an absolute necessity on the front lines. There is a need for a lot more ammunition and overall training. There will need to be a lot more training on the effective tactics.

China also wants to look at the Russian Kinzhal hypersonic missile getting shot down. The Kinzhal and China’s hypersonic weapons (YJ-21 and DF-17) are similar technology. They are hypersonic warheads on a regular rocket booster. The Kinzhal had about 6 shot down in one day. The Kinzhal cost Russia about $10 million each to make. The YJ-21 is a shorter range navy variant of the DF-17. The YJ-21 costs about $8 million each. The DF-17 costs about $107 million each. Russia had about 6 Kinzhal missiles shot down in 1 day in the war. Normal supersonic missiles are about $1-2 million. The point of spending more money for a faster missile is so it can with near certainty penetrate defenses. A military could always just buy 10 or 100 cheaper missiles to overwhelm air defenses. You don’t want to go too cheap where the missiles are not reliable like a Scud missile. You want to spend enough to get good cost benefit on reliable destruction.

The Russian S-400 air defense system was supposed to be a scary system able to defend against the US air force and missiles. The S-400s have been defeated and destroyed with a few waves of cheap drones and cheap missiles. China bought a lot of expensive S-400 air defense systems.

The US and the rest of world may not have the exact same Russian equipment but all of the world’s military have to update and change procurement to reflect what is being learned in Ukraine.

Russia has lost about 20% of its Su-34 fleet, with a starting total of only 121 aircraft. Four Su-34 planes were shot down in only 2 days in December, 2023.

Chinese analysis identifies two reasons for these heavy losses.

1. The Russian Aerospace Force, which inherited the air combat theories of the Soviet Air Force, habitually allows existing combat aircraft to take on the tasks of both air defense suppression and electronic warfare.

2. Russian military’s did not buy enough precision guided stand-off munitions. They cannot keep their planes safer by being further away.

Roughly 20% of the PLAAF and PLANAF’s combat aircraft are old second-generation fighters of limited combat value against peer opponents, save perhaps in swarming attacks. Another 30% include strategic bombers and more capable but dated third-generation designs. Finally, 50% percent are fourth-generation fighters that can theoretically hold their own against peers like the F-15 and F-16.

China has about 126 actual Russian planes in the Su-27 family (SU27, SU30, SU35).

The J-11 and J-16 are copies of the SU-27 Russian planes, that are getting shotdown by ground to air missiles in Ukraine. The J-11 was a licensed copy of the SU-27.

The J-10 is a copy of the Israeli Lavi from Israeli designs. The Lavi was based on the design of the French Dassault Mirage. The J-10s haver had several deadly accidents possibly related to difficulties in the fly-by-wire system. 22% of China’s 2500 combat aircraft are J-10.

The J-7 is an older and even more outdated plane makes up 20% of the fleet of 2500.

China’s J-20 now makes up about 8% of China’s 2500 combat jets. This is stealth plane copied from stolen F-22 and F-35 information.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

**Overall Market Impact**
- Pakistan’s deal remains, to date, the only major confirmed export success for the J-10 series, despite Chinese marketing at air shows and to other potential clients.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- The J-10 has potential appeal in the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia, but its export prospects have so far been limited by political, financial, and technical considerations, particularly the dominance of US and European suppliers and the shadow of Russian platforms.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

---

**Key Points**
- Pakistan is currently the sole confirmed foreign operator of the J-10.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- PAF feedback on the J-10C is broadly positive, especially concerning sensors and weapons.

- Chinese media tout indigenous advancements; Western commentary remains guarded about real-world performance and reliability.

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

- Export opportunities remain in development, but so far, market penetration beyond Pakistan is unproven.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

This summary should provide your readers with a solid understanding of the J-10’s export footprint, customer perceptions, and media commentary on its capabilities and challenges.

**Summary Report: Export Market for China's J-10 Fighter Jet**

**1.

Title:

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China ’ s sixth-generation fighter jet: is a tailless derivative of the J-20 possible?
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China ’ s sixth-generation fighter jet: is a tailless derivative of the J-20 possible?
Image source: invoen.ru
On January 31, 2023, the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) published a video recording of the concept of a tailless fighter.
According to Chinese sources, it is connected with the country ’ s efforts to develop a sixth-generation fighter.
China and the United States are currently competing for the world ’ s first and most powerful sixth-generation fighter jets.
Senior U.S. Air Force officials have repeatedly warned that China may be the first to adopt such an aircraft.
China's fifth-generation J-20 fighter jet
These two countries are the only ones using fifth-generation fighter jets of national production at the squadron level.
At the same time, China produces a heavy twin-engine J-20 and is developing a medium FC-31, and the US – a much lighter single-engine F-35.
The tailless gliders are expected to become a key hallmark of sixth-generation fighters, and the images shown by the ACIV are markedly reminiscent of the J-20, but with a diamond-shaped triangular wing and no tail.
Image published by ACIV
The presented images increase the likelihood that the J-20 will become the basis for the development of the sixth-generation fighter.
It is believed that other sixth-generation features, primarily drone control and directed-energy weapon capabilities, are currently being developed for the J-20 and can be integrated into both gliders in the current configuration, as well as into the more imperceptible tailless derivatives of the deltoid wing if they appear.
As its own analogue of the J-20, the adaptation of the fifth-generation fighter to the tail glider to improve stealth performance was also considered in the United States.
This led to the X-44 Manta program.
In the American version of the design, a thrust vector control system was used to compensate for the lack of tail and rudder surfaces and to ensure control of yaw, pitch and roll (but it never approached the prototype stage).
X-44 Manta.
Sketch
Research under the Manta program began in the mid-1990s, but was discontinued in 2000, more than half a decade before the base F-22 entered service.
Model F-22 and did not advance to any options, except for the basic single-seat fighter F-22A.
Production of the latter was stopped ahead of schedule due to a wide range of problems with the aircraft.
The first F-22s are scheduled to be decommissioned later in 2023, after completing only a small portion of their service life.
It is assumed that the J-20 model, similar to the X-44, although with avionics and sensors of the sixth generation, can serve as an intermediate stage until a clean design of the sixth generation fighter is developed, or provide a cheaper alternative to such a fighter.
With the sixth-generation American fighter estimated at several hundred million dollars for a glider and more than a billion dollars for the lifetime of each aircraft, a derivative of the sixth-generation model from the J-20 will provide a much more economical means of achieving higher-level stealth capabilities.
In addition, it is likely that the production of the new aircraft at the facilities of the current base J-20 will be much easier and may receive significant similarities in service.
In general, foreign experts agree that although the development of a promising fighter, no doubt, is a priority for the defense sectors of China and the United States, neither the nature of the images AVIC, nor assumptions about the connection of its design with the J-20 does not add clarity about the design of the Chinese sixth-generation fighter.
Source: militarywatchmagazine.com
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Sales and Buyers:**
- Based on available information, there is little direct reference in recent sources to foreign sales of China’s J-10 fighter jet.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

The text provided does not list specific confirmed customers, but it is important to note that the J-10 is designed and primarily used by the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).

Title:

Content: Sections
Materials
Combat wings of the Celestial Empire: what a fleet of the latest J-20 can boast of China
Dmitry Lutovich
Experts note that to date, more than 10 air brigades of the PLA Air Force can be armed with a stealth fighter J-20.
Such power cannot be underestimated.
Since 2021, China has significantly increased production of the fifth-generation fighter J-20, which is designed exclusively for the People ’ s Liberation Army of China (PLA).
Presumably, in 2025, the supply of these machines will increase dramatically to 120 units, thanks to which the PLA Air Force will increase the number of brigades equipped with new aircraft.
On the probable number of J-20 aircraft in the ranks of the Chinese air force told on January 31 observers Bulgarian Military.
With the increase in supplies of the J-20, more and more PLA Air Force brigades are getting into service with this stealth fighter, which experts sometimes compare with the American F-35.
Eight brigades of the Chinese Air Force have already received J-20s by the end of 2022, and another five are reported to have been delivered in 2023.
If aircraft production continues at the same pace, by the end of this decade, more than 30 PLA brigades will be proudly showcasing their J-20s.
Also, the authors of the material note that at present, two PLA brigades are replacing outdated machines, such as the J-7E and J-11 (a version of the Su-27) with the latest fifth-generation fighters.
These are the 97th Air Brigade, which is based at Dazu Air Base, located near the city of Chengdu, and the 4th Air Brigade of the Chinese Air Force at Foshan Air Base, in the vicinity of Shenzhen.
The latter is of great military importance, as it houses the backbone of the submarine fleet of nuclear missile boats of the country.
“The proximity of the base to Taiwan, which is only 700 km away and is a potential point of conflict, further highlights the importance of this facility, ” the observers stressed.
Experts also believe that such a build-up of air forces is intended to make it clear to Japan and South Korea that they refrain from possible participation in possible conflicts related to Taiwan.
For example, the 8th Air Brigade of Changxing Air Base, strategically located near the Korean Peninsula, will also boast the inclusion of J-20 owners in the rapidly expanding club.
Thus, more than 10 brigades with J-20 fighters are a force that cannot be underestimated, experts say.
According to its characteristics, the Chinese machine in its capabilities is among the most effective fighters for air combat in the world.
Earlier it was reported that on the eve of the 74th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Air Force, the Ministry of Defense of China published a propaganda video with images of the combat work of the J-20 stealth fighter.
The video also shows the launch of the missile and the procedure for intercepting and expelling "foreign" military aircraft.

- Open sources suggest the J-10 has, so far, a limited export record.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

However, Pakistan has long been reported as a primary candidate for purchasing the J-10, and in early 2022, Pakistan confirmed the order of J-10C fighters from China.

Title:

Content: Log in
The US is increasing the production of F-35 fighters, but the gap with China in the number of aircraft will grow
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Image source: topwar.ru
The US authorities were puzzled by the question of increasing the production of fifth-generation F-35 fighters.
But in the race with China, Washington is clearly losing.
This is reported by The Asia Times.
Earlier, The Warzone reported that the decision to increase the production of the latest aircraft was made more than four years later than previously planned.
1,000 F-35s have already been produced for the Air Force, Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and foreign customers.
However, the produced aircraft are not put into operation due to delays in the development and creation of the Tech Refresh-3 (TR-3) configuration, which is at the heart of the fighter ’ s promising capabilities.
These capabilities include expanded computing power, improved cooling, a new guidance system, and so on.
Image source: topwar.ru
China J-20 Fighter
On the other hand, the main opponent of the United States – China – is probably lagging behind in the race of advanced stealth fighters.
However, he is actively implementing the program of fifth-generation fighters, the flagship of which is the J-20 aircraft.
Earlier, the Asia Times reported that Beijing plans to overtake Washington in the production of fifth-generation fighters.
The number of J-20 aircraft this year will exceed the number of American F-22, according to the publication.
The United States halted production of the F-22 in 2011.
By that time, only 187 such aircraft had been built.
China now has up to 200 J-20 fighters.
Although the United States had 450 F-35 fighters by April 2022, the production of J-20 aircraft in China is actively gaining momentum.
This creates a situation in which China will eventually have a much larger number of fighters, and this will create serious problems for the United States in the event of a direct conflict.
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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Delivery of these jets started later in 2022, making Pakistan the first confirmed export customer.

Title:

Content: New Russian Checkmate will be a headache for the US – media
However, for this, domestic engineers need to solve all issues related to the release of the aircraft.
Russia with the help of a new domestic fighter Su-75 (Checkmate) seeks to compete with the United States in the air and on the geopolitical map.
“Shah and Mat ” can compete with the American F-35 and challenge the strategic levers of influence of Washington, if Russian manufacturers are able to start its production.
This is reported by The Wall Street Journal.
As the publication notes, presented in July at the air show MAKS-2021 Checkmate became the world ’ s second single-engine fighter equipped with the most advanced control systems and a complex of radio detection and guidance.
Its only real competitor is the fifth-generation fighter F-35 Lightning II, which is manufactured by the American company Lockheed Martin Corp.
At the moment, the U.S. aircraft is in great demand in the international market.
This not only brings America a stable income from exports, but also helps Washington to promote its political interests around the world.
However, the light Su-75 stealth aircraft is designed to perform a similar function for Moscow, causing a “geopolitical headache ” for the American leadership.
Israel and Japan are among the 15 countries that have received the F-35 or reached an agreement on its purchase.
In turn, Russian officials said they would like to sell the Su-75 to the United Arab Emirates, Argentina, India and Vietnam – states with security ties to the United States.
However, so far none of the above countries have agreed to a deal with Moscow.
Meanwhile, according to military analysts, Checkmate, as its name suggests, seeks to challenge Washington ’ s strategic influence.
Moscow characterizes the new fighter as a commercial project.
"There is no need to look for a geopolitical aspect in our new light tactical aircraft.
The real reason is much simpler - cars of this class are really in high demand on the world market of military equipment, "said Sergei Chemezov, CEO of Rostec.
He believes that the new domestic fighter will be a good option for those countries that want to have modern equipment, but who do not have an extra $120 million for the purchase of the American F-35 Lightning II.
And for the Su-75 will have to pay four times less – only $30 million.
However, some experts predict that the real cost of Checkmate will be higher than the announced figures.
To challenge the superiority of the F-33, Russian designers will first have to solve all the problems associated with the launch of the Su-75 into production, including financial issues.
Earlier, the American magazine 19FortyFive found our new stealth fighter one strong trump card in the sleeve.
Source: The Wall Street Journal ✓ Reliable source
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Readers' Choice

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- No other countries have officially purchased the J-10 as of early 2024, though media occasionally cite interest from nations in Asia, Africa, or the Middle East.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

However, no other contracts have been publicly confirmed.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Feedback from Buyers:**
- Pakistan’s leadership and air force have issued positive statements about the J-10, describing it as a "next-generation" addition and a complement to their existing fleet (which includes JF-17s and F-16s).

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistani officials specifically highlight the J-10C’s advanced avionics, AESA radar, and compatibility with Chinese weapons, seeing it as a counterbalance to Indian Rafales.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- No considerable negative feedback from Pakistani officials is public.

It’s worth noting, as an early operator, extensive long-term operational feedback has not yet emerged in open sources.

Title:

Content: Log in
Meeting point - skies over Taiwan
363
0
0
The most numerous among the PLA Air Force fighters is the light single-engine J-10.
Photo by Vladimir Karnozov.
Is China ’ s military aircraft capable of countering the US Air Force?
In the new conditions of the international situation, domination of airspace is becoming more and more relevant.
The political and military leadership of the leading scientific-technical countries pays close attention to the development of national air forces, which in many countries are the most advanced component of the armed forces.
At the same time, the most significant results in the development of the air force (both qualitatively and quantitatively) have been achieved in recent decades by two countries - the United States and China.
In the military conflicts of the XXI century, the aircraft of the US Air Force and the PRC did not take part in air battles against each other.
This fact makes it problematic to compare the real combat capabilities of the aircraft (LA) of the two countries.
Most of the comparative assessments of experts regarding the American and Chinese military aviation are subjective and are based mainly on the study of the declared tactical and technical characteristics.
At the same time, the tasks, goals, development plans of the air forces of the two countries remain outside the estimates, as well as possible military conflicts in which the aircraft of the two countries can meet in battle.
MILITARY WINGS OF AMERICA
An analysis of the composition of the US Air Force fleet, according to the annual bulletin reviewing the military capabilities of the world's states, The Military Balance 2023, shows that at the beginning of this year, the US Air Force had 328,600 active personnel.
In addition, 117,497 were in reserve, and 106,700 were in the US National Guard Air Force.
In service there were 4093 manned aircraft (as well as 1289 in the Air National Guard and 396 in reserve), 156 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 2130 air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs), 450 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
A study of the official website of the US Department of Defense shows that the unpredictable military-political situation forces the US leadership to continuously improve the national air force.
In particular, the US Air Force has the largest fleet of strategic bomber aircraft in the world.
According to The Military Balance for 2023, the US Air Force is armed with B-52H, B-2A and B-1B bombers.
At the same time, according to experts, B-1B aircraft are reoriented to perform non-nuclear tasks.
The fleet of strategic American bombers allows you to operate beyond the reach of enemy air defense assets.
Today, only B-2A bombers have sufficient range and are able to penetrate with impunity into areas protected by modern air defense and missile defense systems.
But the fleet of such aircraft is not enough to defeat all targets in the Asia-Pacific theater of operations, which the US military and political leadership considers a priority in the 21st century.
At the same time, not all indicators of this component of the US Armed Forces speak of unambiguous American superiority in the air.
So, for 2024, it is planned to write off at least 310 aircraft (150 were on the list for 2023), but the US Congress does not fully approve these plans.
In particular, the Americans want to get rid of 42 A-10 Thunderbolt II attack aircraft, whose survivability on the modern battlefield is questionable.
It is also expected to decommission 260 fighters by 2028.
This list includes 57 F-15C / D Eagle aircraft under the age of 40 years.
They are planned to be partially replaced by the F-35A and F-15EX after complete decommissioning by 2026.
Maybe even the F-15E.
Their reduction is expected in 2025.
Some F-22As will also be decommissioned, namely 32 Block 20 units decommissioned and used exclusively for training purposes.
Further reductions will affect the aircraft long-range radar detection (AWACS) E-3G, of which at the moment 13 decommissioned.
It is planned to get rid of the last 24 KC-10 Extender tankers.
Also considered superfluous are the last three combat control and targeting aircraft E-8 Joint STARS, 48 modular reconnaissance and strike drones MQ-9 Reaper Block 1, three “aircraft of psychological warfare ” EC-130J Commando Solo and three almost museum light bombers A-29.
In terms of helicopters, the US Air Force intends to abandon 37 HH-60G Pave Hawk aircraft, which will be gradually replaced by the HH-60W Jolly Green II.
52 T-1 Jayhawk (Beechjet business jets) are also to be reduced.
Finally, the decision was made not to repair one B-1B after the engine fire, leaving 44 such bombers in the fleet operating.
NOAC AIR ARMADS
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), in terms of the quantitative composition for 2023, the PLA aircraft fleet is in third place in the world.
As for the qualitative composition, the percentage of aircraft of previous generations and foreign production is still quite high.
The PLA bomber aircraft is 100% equipped with more than once modernized, but obsolete aircraft "Hun-6".
In tactical aviation, up to 70% falls on aircraft such as “Jian-7 ”,“ Jian-8 ”, “Jianghong 7 ” and“ Qiang-5 ” (they are gradually withdrawn from the Air Force).
At the same time, China is experiencing a shortage of heavy transport aircraft, patrol aircraft and tanker aircraft.
Since the beginning of the 2000s, a systematic qualitative improvement of the PLA air fleet has been carried out.
It became possible not only due to the purchase of foreign aircraft and the deployment of licensed production at national enterprises, but also the creation of their own models of aircraft on their basis (and in many cases copying).
Chinese engineers are trying to get the most advanced technologies from the leading (especially in terms of engine building and the development of on-board equipment) states in order to master them and create the latest competitive samples of national aircraft.
The re-equipment of the aircraft fleet is also linked to the implementation of the reform of the Chinese Armed Forces, which is divided into three stages: 2000-2020, 2021-2035 and 2036-2049.
At the first stage, the number of personnel and obsolete equipment was reduced, work on the modernization of existing and the development of new models of weapons and military equipment was intensified.
The tasks of the second and third stages are to reach the level of the leading countries of the world.
According to the British publication Jane ’ s Information Group, the military-political leadership of China not only retains the combat capabilities of old aircraft, but also initiates the development of new models – for example, strategic bombers.
Modification of the bomber "Hun-6" has the designation "Hun-6K" and significant differences from the previous versions.
In the bow (in front of the cockpit), a long-range detection and fire control radar is installed.
"Hun-6K" uses Russian turbofan engines D-30KP-2 with a capacity of 12 thousand kgf / cm2, which have changed the shape and size of the air intakes.
The study of SIPRI databases allows us to state that currently the designers of the Xi'an Aircraft Manufacturing Enterprise are developing the first strategic supersonic stealth bomber under the designation "Hong-20" (the number 20 indicates a maximum speed of 2.0 MAX).
COMPARISON OF POTENTIALS
According to the SIPRI Institute, today the US Air Force is much more powerful than the Chinese Air Force already due to the tactical and technical characteristics of the aircraft used.
The British resource FlightGlobal published a report according to which the United States retains the advantage, having more than 13 thousand military aircraft, 5,163 of which are operated by the US Air Force.
American fighters F-35 Lightning and F-22 Raptor are considered one of the most advanced combat in the world.
China ’ s air force is the third largest in the world with more than 2,500 aircraft, of which about 2,000 are combat aircraft (according to China ’ s 2022 Military Power Report).
Thus, the obvious strategic air superiority is on the US side.
Although China is rapidly increasing its power and stubbornly creates promising models of weapons.
The Pentagon and the American aviation industry so far demonstrate a clear superiority in terms of aircraft of the latest generations.
According to open sources, the United States in 2017 produced 50 multi-role aircraft of the 5th generation F-35 and 26 aircraft of the 4th generation F-18.
In 2018, 70 F-35s and about 14 F-18s were built in the United States.
On average, the United States produces between 75 and 85 jet fighters per year.
In addition, in these years, other military aircraft for various purposes were produced in the United States.
Among them are 15 KC-46A tankers, five E-2D Advanced Hawkeye AWACS aircraft, 24 P8A reconnaissance and jammer aircraft, 28 C-130J transport aircraft.
In total, the United States produces about 130 manned aircraft annually, not counting helicopters.
Analysts give cautious estimates of the quantitative indicators of the Chinese aviation program, explaining its traditional Chinese closeness.
According to their estimates, China built approximately 100 aircraft in 2017, including two-thirds of combat aircraft.
China plans to establish the production of the fifth-generation J-31 aircraft and the J-20 stealth fighter.
China ’ s military budget is expected to double by 2030.
It is growing at a rate of about 5-10% per year.
Therefore, China can catch up with the United States in terms of production of fifth-generation aircraft by 2025.
But so far, the United States is ahead of both Russia and China in terms of the construction of fifth-generation aircraft.
Today, China has about 700 fourth-generation combat aircraft and up to 25 fifth-generation fighters.
By 2025, China will be able to increase the number of 4th generation aircraft to 1,100 and have from 60 to 120 5th generation aircraft.
By 2030, China may already have 1,200 – 1,600 generation “4 ” aircraft and 200 – 500 generation“ 5 ” aircraft.
The U.S. Air Force has about 450 5th generation aircraft (F-22 and F-35) and approximately 1,500 Generation 4 and 4 + aircraft (F-16 and F15s).
Plus, the US Navy has about 800 F-18s, and the Marine Corps has 260 F-18s.
It is estimated that the US will have approximately 1,000 5th generation aircraft in 2025 and up to 1,500 in 2030.
IF THE WAR IS TOMORROW
In the annual report of the US Department of Defense to Congress for 2023, “Military and security events with the participation of China, ” it is noted that the most possible scenario of a collision between the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force in real combat may be tension in the Taiwan Strait.
As part of its offensive operations, the Chinese Air Force can launch missile and air strikes against American targets and those of its allies in the region.
It is noted that the joint offensive operation of the PLA will include missile and air strikes, cyber attacks and a blockade of the island.
The objectives of the operation will be to limit Taiwan's defensive capabilities, as well as to suppress the morale of the island's population and break its ties with the outside world.
The latest report by the US International Center for Strategic Studies (CSIS), “China Strategy and Armed Forces in 2023, ” noted that the main goal of the Chinese is to destroy the island ’ s air defense system, missile bases, military airfields and aircraft located on the runways and hangars of Taiwan.
The main goal of the PLA at this stage is to gain air superiority.
US military experts claim that China is capable of launching missile and air strikes, as well as conducting an offensive operation in cyberspace.
Another possible option is to launch missile strikes against command posts and critical infrastructure, followed by a rapid airborne and naval landing operation, as well as the seizure of Taiwanese military facilities by Chinese special forces.
In this case, the PLA will have difficulty attacking without warning.
WHERE THE UNITED STATES WILL RESPOND
The analysis of open sources shows that against the background of escalating confrontation between the great powers and general turbulence in the field of security, the Pentagon continues to reorganize the national air force.
First of all, we are talking about the confrontation between the United States and China in the Asia-Pacific region.
The changes will affect the organization, equipment and training of the US Air Force.
The top leadership of the United States approved the formation of three new air force tactical groups, which represent the implementation of the experiment for the deployment of integrated units.
Two of these groups will be under the control of the Central Command of the US Armed Forces, whose area of   operational responsibility primarily includes the Middle East.
The third group will be subordinated to the Indo-Pacific Command.
In the foreseeable future, these are precisely the locations where the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force will compete for air supremacy.
CONCLUSIONS AND SYNTHESIS
As a result of comparing the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force, it is possible to draw the following conclusions and generalizations:
1.
The political and military leadership of both the United States and China pays close attention to the development of new models of combat aircraft.
It is believed that the presence of modern aircraft in the national air forces of both countries will allow to hit enemy targets outside the range of air and missile defense systems.
2.
The presence of US and PRC aircraft bomber aircraft allows in peacetime to perform the task of nuclear strategic deterrence.
Given the possible unacceptable damage, a potential enemy (represented by the United States and China) will be forced to refuse to participate in hostilities in advance.
3.
The conflict in Ukraine is the first case in history where the situational awareness of even junior commanders is absolute.
The main part of the samples of aircraft, consisting of the military aviation fleet, is produced in China at the national enterprises of the defense industry.
Despite the fact that a significant part of the fleet consists of aircraft with a development period of more than 30 years, some of these samples have not exhausted the opportunities for modernization.
4.
Regular work on the modernization of aircraft and helicopters allows China to significantly improve the flight performance and operational characteristics of the existing fleet.
In particular, this applies to auxiliary aircraft: military transport and special vehicles on their base, multi-purpose helicopters.
As for combat aircraft, at present, the Chinese aircraft industry provides their annual production in the amount that allows for the planned re-equipment of aviation parts with new types of aircraft, as well as their repair and modernization.
Vasily Ivanov
Vasily Ivanovich Ivanov is a journalist.
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Litvinism with a Russian accent

Media and Commentator Evaluations:**
- Media outlets and defense analysts have consistently described the J-10 as a capable "4.5 generation" fighter, with strengths in agility, modern avionics, and multirole capability.

The J-10C, in particular, is well-regarded for its AESA radar, electronic warfare systems, and compatibility with advanced Chinese missiles such as the PL-15.

How is J-10C Fighter compared with JF-17, another jet fighter that China exports?

J-10 can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

What specific models of missiles can China's J-10 FIghters carry?

- However, Western and Russian commentators often note that the J-10 does not match Western fifth-generation jets (like the F-35) but is competitive in its class against other non-stealth fighters.

Title:

Content: Science and technology
Today at 19: 40
1 min.
The Chinese called their new fighter “an unpleasant surprise ” for Russia
Their fighter is gaining altitude, which neither Russian nor American aircraft reach
China presented an analytical review of the achievements of the Chinese aviation industry against the background of other military superpowers.
According to Chinese analysts, their country has unpleasantly surprised the United States and Russia with its achievements in the field of military aviation.
As stated in the report, before everything Chinese was considered a copy of Russian, occasionally American, technology.
But China managed not only to make serious progress in the field of military aircraft, but even to break away and unpleasantly surprise both Moscow and Washington.
This achievement analysts NetEase called the Chinese fifth-generation fighter J-20, adopted in 2017.
An important distinction of fifth-generation aircraft is stealth.
Both Russian and American aircraft also have this quality, but, according to Chinese experts, their equipment has another advantage - a competitive climb.
It is noted that the maximum possible for the American F-22 — 19 thousand meters, Russian Su-57 — 20 thousand.
But the J-20 can reach a height of 30 thousand meters, which is, according to Chinese analysts, the fundamental difference between their fighters and the equipment of other countries.
This, according to the publication NetEase, is the unpleasant “surprise ” that China was able to present to other countries, in particular, Russia.
“China ’ s fifth-generation fighter jet has risen to an altitude of about 30,000 meters, making Russia and the United States feel uncomfortable, ” the report said.
Source: PolitRussia

- Some analysts point out that reliance on Russian engines (AL-31FN series) has been a weakness, although China is working on its own WS-10 engines.

- The lack of widespread international sales has been commented on as a potential weakness, reflecting buyer hesitation due to geopolitical considerations, after-sales support uncertainty, and preference for established Western or Russian platforms.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Overall Assessment:**
- The J-10 is seen as a modern, cost-effective alternative for air forces seeking to modernize, especially those with close ties to China.

- Its export success appears constrained by political factors and intense competition, but the Pakistan sale is considered a significant breakthrough.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- The aircraft receives respect in regional airpower discussions and is regarded as a milestone in China’s domestic aerospace development, though still trailing behind the export reach of Western competitors.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

**Conclusion:**
China’s J-10 is a modern multirole fighter making incremental export inroads, notably with the Pakistan deal.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Buyer feedback is positive but still early.

Title:

Content: "Checkmate" in Dubai.
How the Su-75 will help Russian arms exports
Why is there a queue to see the Checkmate fighter?
Listening
Stop
Last week in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) ended the Dubai Airshow - one of the main military and technical salons of the world.
In the context of the pandemic, this event was very important for Russia.
To whom at the air show Moscow put "Checkmate" - in the material "Gazeta.Ru".
1,200 companies from 148 countries took part in the Dubai Airshow.
Rosoboronexport signed contracts for aircraft worth more than $1.3 billion and began negotiations on several more contracts worth more than $2.5 billion.
The system of the world arms trade has remained virtually unchanged for many years.
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the first place in this market with a share of 37% is occupied by the United States.
Since the middle of the 20th century, America and the USSR have supplied weapons to all their allies and fought for the first place almost exclusively between themselves.
The best minds went to the military-industrial complex, large sums were spent on research - and this turned out to be a huge reserve for the future.
After the collapse of the USSR, Washington managed to intercept part of the sales market of our country.
And while the Americans hold the primacy.
The second place is occupied by the Russian Federation (20%).
The third is France (8.2%), followed by Germany (5.5%) and China (5.2%).
Then the UK (3.3%), Spain (3.2%), Israel (3.0%), South Korea (2.7%), Italy (2.2%), the rest of the countries accounted for 9.7%.
The largest importers of weapons, in turn, are Saudi Arabia (11% of the market), India (9.5%), Egypt (5.8%), Australia (5.1%) and China (4.7%).
There is a struggle for these countries.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 had a huge impact on the arms market - they gave a new direction to the development of defense, adding international terrorism to the "external enemy".
That is why the greatest interest is not the aircraft and ships, tanks and artillery, and enemy detection systems (reconnaissance, including using space platforms), precision weapons guidance systems and air defense and missile defense systems.
In all these areas, the Russian Federation has great potential.
Affects and high-quality weapons school, which managed to save, and the concentration of specialists, and a huge applied experience.
About the great success of the domestic prototype of the fifth-generation fighter Su-75 "Checkmate" ("Shah and mate") reported almost all the world media.
This is indeed a landmark event: now there are only a few similar models in the world, and the American F-35 is already under serious criticism: too capricious and expensive to operate.
“Conversations on the part of the US Air Force about the need to create new light fighters are an unspoken admission that the F-35 Lightning II aircraft program has failed, ” noted in a March 2021 Forbes article.
Another model, the Chinese J-20, is little studied.
Its characteristics are classified, but experts pay attention to its layout of the “duck ” type: the small horizontal tail is located in front of the main wings, which makes the aircraft more maneuverable, but less stable.
“The fighter runs the risk of getting off course with complex maneuvers, stop obeying the pilot and not responding to the orders of automatic systems, ” the South China Morning Post reported in September.
The Russian Su-57, which entered service in December 2020, took into account many of the mistakes of its predecessors - it is reliable and pragmatic compared to its competitors.
Checkmate — further development of the Su-57.
At the same time, today this is the youngest product that has absorbed all the latest developments - this explains the interest in it.
Checkmate was first shown at MAKS-2021, but due to the pandemic, few people were able to see it live.
Therefore, at the Dubai Airshow, the only pavilion to which there was a queue during all the days of the air show was our pavilion with the prototype Checkmate.
Its key features are stealth, low cost of a flight hour, open architecture and high performance on the criterion of “cost – efficiency ”.
The aircraft is equipped with an intra-fuselage compartment for air-to-air and air-to-surface aircraft.
The mass of the payload will exceed seven tons.
The fighter will be able to simultaneously hit up to six targets, at the request of the creators, on the principle of “shot and forgot ”.
The uniqueness of the aircraft is in its modularity: any blocks can be installed on the main platform at the request of the customer.
Given these features, Checkmate has every chance to reshape the international arms market.
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Media and expert commentary sees the type as credible and modern, if not yet a global best-seller.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Here is a summary of the key points regarding China's J-10 fighter jet export market, buyer feedback, and media/analyst commentary, distilled from the provided text:

**Countries Buying or Interested in J-10 Fighter Jets:**
- **Pakistan:** The J-10CE (export variant of J-10C) is the most notable J-10 export, with Pakistan confirmed as a customer.

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Content: The American F-16...
Information on the Chinese J-10C fighter
© AFP 2023 / KARIM SAHIBChinese J-10 fighter
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The Chinese J-10 is touted as the best alternative to the US fourth-generation F-16, which has led some countries to consider acquiring it.
China has produced about 350 such aircraft since they entered service in 2005, according to Military Factory.
The aircraft has a single crew and is used by China and Pakistan and is designed for aerial combat missions with a variety of weapons.
Turkey to replace F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
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What are the technical specifications of the J-10?
Length: 15.5 meters.
Distance between wings: 9.7 meters.
Height: 4.7 meters.
Weight of empty aircraft: 9.7 tons.
The total weight of the aircraft is 18.5 tons.
Speed: 2,336 km / h.
Altitude: 20,000 meters.
Range: 1800 kilometers.
What is the arming of the J-10?
The Chinese J-10 has six under-wing and five under-hull external suspension points that allow it to carry a large external payload of weapons, including air-to-air missiles, laser-guided bombs and other types of conventional bombs, as well as a 23 mm internal machine gun.
There are several versions of the aircraft, some with one seat and others with two seats for training tasks, including:
The J-10A is a single-seat multirole fighter.
J-10B: Marine version with twin-engine engines.
J-10C: An upgraded version of the B version with an electronic radar and infrared guidance system for missiles.
© AFP 2023 / WANG ZHAO Chinese J-10 fighter
The Chinese J-10 fighter.
The J-10C is an upgraded export version, which Turkey may acquire as a replacement for the U.S. F-16 fighter jets.
Earlier, a Turkish presidential official said Ankara was expected to abandon the U.S. F-16 fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative in the Chinese J-10 signal.
© SputnikWhat are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
What are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
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An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistan’s purchase is widely seen as a significant milestone, diversifying its fleet beyond the JF-17s also co-developed with China.

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The plane, nicknamed the “Great Dragon, ” was presented to the Chinese People ’ s Liberation Army Air Force in March 2017.
It is one of the most advanced military weapons in China, manufactured by Sichuan-based Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group.
It made its debut in November 2016, at the Zhuai Air Show in Guangdong, China.
The J-20 is the third fifth-generation fighter jet in history, after the American-made Lockheed Martin F-22 and F-35.
The Chinese Air Force had a fleet of more than 50 J-20 aircraft in 2021.
The Chinese aircraft has made comparisons with the F-35 since the aircraft engaged in military confrontations in 2020.
Different types
The F-35 was introduced to the U.S. Army in July 2015.
There are three different types of this aircraft: traditional take-off and landing (F-35A), short take-off and vertical landing (F-35B), and carrier (F-35C).
Variables are distinguished by how the aircraft takes off and lands.
Lockheed Martin has described the F-35 as "the world's most advanced fighter jet", featuring a low level of observable intrusion, advanced sensors, information integration, and network connectivity.
But there is a stiff competition from the J-20.
The South China Morning Post reported that F-35 encounters with the J-20 in the East China Sea impressed a senior commander in the U.S. Air Force.
In an interview with the Mitchell Institute for Space Studies in March, Gen. Kenneth Willsbach, commander of the U.S. Pacific Air Force, said China ’ s ability to defend its nation was “strong. ”
“It ’ s a bit early to say exactly what they intend to do with the J-20, all we ’ ve actually seen is aerial superiority, and I ’ ve seen Chinese pilots fly the plane well. ”
The J-20 is a long and wide aircraft, with a length of 23 meters and a height of 5 meters.
The aircraft has a maximum speed of 2,468 kilometers per hour and a travel range of 5,926 kilometers, according to aviation website Aero Corner.
By comparison, the F-35A has a top speed of about 1,360 kilometers per hour and a range of 2,200 kilometers, according to the Royal Australian Air Force.
Prominent Variables
Some notable variants are the J-20A, the first version of the aircraft, and the J-20S, the first two-seat stealth fighter aircraft.
China has the ability to develop the aircraft into many other variants, including a bomber and an electric fighter, according to the military website Global Security.
The J-20 was initially equipped with Russian AL-31F engines.
The South China Morning Post reported in March that the aircraft were working to upgrade their Russian-made engines to the WS-15 turbofan after combustion.
As part of China ’ s localization program, all J-20 jets will be equipped with Chinese-made engines such as the WS-15, a source told the outlet.
In a 2020 report, the Hong Kong newspaper said the engine upgrade was to "bring its performance closer" to the F-22.
The WS-15 engines will increase maneuverability and combat capability.
The cost of the aircraft is between $100 million and $120 million per unit.
Diplomat reported that in the early 2000s, the initial cost of the aircraft was set at between 450 million and 500 million Chinese renminbi, or about $60 million to $70 million.
According to estimates from multiple reports, the cost of the aircraft has skyrocketed since then.
The cost of research and development of the aircraft was estimated at more than RMB 30 billion.
Elaf prepared this report on the American Business Insider website.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Delivery of the J-10CE began in 2022 (not in extract but widely reported).

- **Turkey (Potential):** Turkish officials, amid frustration over US F-16 sales, have cited the J-10 as a possible alternative, alongside Russian and Eurofighter jets.

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Content: Turkey replaces F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Wednesday 08 March 2023 - 12: 09 GMT
Kagri Erhan, a member of the Security Council and Foreign Policy of the Turkish Presidency, announced that Ankara is expected to abandon its requests for American-made fourth-generation F-16C / D fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative.
World - Turkey
The Turkish official noted that the “$20 billion cost package ” and the availability of more cost-effective options, notably the Chinese J-10C, could make such a rollout a reality.
"Now we have other options such as the Chinese plane that was sold to Pakistan, the Russian planes and also the Eurofighter," he said.
According to Miltary Watch, Pakistan began receiving Chinese J-10C fighters in February 2022.
The Chinese fighter is of the same weight as its American counterpart, the F-16, but it is several decades newer with multiple features and performance advantages, especially in terms of armament, flight and flight performance.
It is a lightweight single-engine fighter with low operating cost and improved fifth-generation avionics.
Chinese aircraft also have similar capabilities and in most respects are superior to their American counterparts, in addition to requiring less maintenance needs and much faster delivery time.
Although Turkey is the largest foreign operator of the US F-16, with about 250 in service, which means the new aircraft can be easily integrated with existing training and logistics systems and weapons, China has in the past modified its fighters to be able to operate US weapons at the request of foreign customers.
One of the main advantages of the Chinese fighter is its very low cost compared to its American counterpart, due to the fact that China manufactures large quantities of them, unlike the American.
Turkey ’ s preference for lightweight fighters makes the Chinese single-engine aircraft an effective and pioneering option.

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?

No formal purchase confirmed as per open sources, but public statements indicate interest in a non-Western fighter.

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Content: China turns one of its experimental J-20 fighter jets into a memorial
World News
Copy Link https: / / www.rt.com / rpli
An unusual monument appeared on the plaza of the Chengdu Aerospace Corporation Flight Training Center, where it was erected on the base of one of the prototypes of the fifth-generation J-20 fighter.
It was reported that the experimental plane had participated in the initial tests, and when it was completed, it was decided not to throw it away like a worn out remnant, and it was permanently installed in the square for memory.
This sample is significantly different from the real aircraft produced in its final stage, and completely lacks any internal equipment.
The released images do not show the rear part of the modern Chinese fighter, so it is not known what the engine components look like in the model.
Nearby on another base is a J-10 multirole fighter, belonging to the previous generation.
This type of fighter aircraft is one of the symbols of the air power of China, which has achieved great success in developing advanced technology for its air force.
It took less than a decade for Chinese experts to complete the design of this type of modern fighter, originally known as the "G-XX", when the first sample appeared in front of the camera lens, and many experts found some similarity to the prototype of the Russian MiG-1.44.
China ’ s fifth-generation J-20 fighter, with a maximum take-off weight of 35,000 kg, is reportedly capable of carrying a combat cargo of 7,800 kg.
According to some sources, this fighter aircraft is able to accelerate to approximately 2,900 kilometers per hour, while the radius of combat action reaches 2,000 kilometers.
The fighter is equipped with active phased array radar and sensors that monitor the air situation.
Various air-to-air weapons have been specially developed for them, including long-range weapons, as well as high-precision munitions to hit ground targets.
At the end of last month, a two-seat version of the fighter was spotted for the first time.
Tests of the fifth-generation J-35 aircraft for aircraft carriers have also been announced.
Source: rg.ru
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- Other countries have expressed interest informally, but as of the latest reporting, Pakistan is the only confirmed customer.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

**Feedback from Buyers:**
- **Pakistan Air Force:** Public statements have portrayed the J-10 purchase as strengthening its air combat capabilities, providing access to a 4.5-generation platform and advanced avionics/radar.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- Early feedback from Pakistan has focused on the J-10’s improved avionics, electronic warfare, and weapons integration, asserting that it significantly boosts force projection—though detailed operational evaluations are not yet in the public domain.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

**Media and Analyst Commentary:**
- The J-10 is described in regional and global defense commentary as China’s answer to Western and Russian 4.5-generation fighters, and as a cost-effective alternative to Western jets (such as the F-16).

- The J-10C model, with AESA radar and expanded weapons compatibility (including the PL-15 beyond-visual-range missile), is specifically cited as competitive in its price category.

How is J-10C Fighter compared with JF-17, another jet fighter that China exports?

J-10 can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

What may some improvements made in China's J-10 Fighter help Pakistan Airforce?

Enable Pakistan Air Force to carry more missiles to perform combat missions

What specific models of missiles can China's J-10 FIghters carry?

- There is skepticism from defense analysts over Chinese engine technology maturity and whether the J-10 matches the maintainability and operational readiness rates of Western platforms.

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

- The J-10’s successful export to Pakistan is seen as both a testament to China’s improving defense tech and a sign of shifting alliances among countries unable or unwilling to purchase US jets for political reasons.

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Content: America and China
Suspected theft of data.
Chinese stealth fighter to compete with US F-22
US experts warn of Chinese spyware on US military industries
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China has successfully built its fifth-generation fighter jets by copying U.S. military technology, and could keep the U.S. military up to speed if more is not done to protect sensitive weapons information.
Acting Undersecretary of Defense for Policy James Anderson said in an interview, “What we do know is that because of espionage efforts, China ’ s J-20 fighters are more advanced than they would be in any other case, and that ’ s the point here. ”
“They ’ ve benefited a lot from their theft over the years, they ’ ve used it well, and they ’ ve come up with a sophisticated fifth-generation fighter, ” Anderson said, noting that“ it ’ s hard to say how it ’ s going to be during actual combat, ” and how the J-20 fighters will face the F-22 Raptor.
The J-20 stealth fighter and the F-22 Raptor fighter
Phantom Fighter
Competing Fighter
China began developing the J-20 in 2008 as part of a plan to design a new fighter that could rival those in the United States.
The aircraft first began flight in 2011, with its introduction into service in 2017.
In 2015, reports about the aircraft ’ s technology and capabilities began to notice similarities with U.S. fighter jets, with the Associated Press reporting that “some of its technologies, it seems, may have come from the United States itself. ”
China now has a fifth-generation stealth fighter, similar to the U.S. F-22, which closed what was once an almost insurmountable gap between the two militaries in terms of technological capabilities, all thanks to continued U.S. intellectual property theft.
The gap between U.S. and Chinese military technology has received renewed focus as tensions between the two countries continue to rise and officials continue to discuss a possible invasion of Taiwan, which could include a U.S. military response.
Keeping up with American weapons
Matt McInnis, senior fellow at the Institute for the Study of War at the China Program, highlighted “China ’ s focus on the war. ”
“More than almost anything else, ” he said, on acquiring jet engine technology after struggling for decades to keep up with American and Western weapons.
“As someone who has watched China for a long time, that ’ s always the joke, ” McInnis said.
Will the Chinese be able to produce their own jet engine?
So, they have slowly been able to become more autonomous in making jet engines for their more advanced aircraft. ”
The drive to “understand the most advanced jet engines ” in the West has remained a driving force for China ’ s espionage mission, according to McInnis.
He referred to the case of Yangon Xu in 2022, a Chinese spy who was convicted of trying to steal trade secrets from several US aerospace companies, including aircraft propeller engine technology.
McInnis also pointed to recent efforts that included recruiting former British pilots to advise and train Chinese Air Force pilots, which provided “another way in which they tried to gain Western technical knowledge. ”
“The Chinese baseline of what the Russians gave them and what they were able to steal from us and European manufacturers has had them narrow the gap to just 10 or 15 years between us and Chinese jet engine technology, whereas before that they were more than 20 to 30 years behind us. ”
Most Read Common Topics

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

- Some Turkish officials have reportedly remarked on the J-10 as a "better alternative" compared to the F-16, partially driven by political tensions with the US.

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?

- Generally, Western and Indian media highlight lingering concerns over Chinese quality assurance, supply chain reliability, and after-sales support, describing Chinese jets as improving rapidly, but not fully at par with their US or European counterparts yet.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

**Summary:**
The J-10’s export market is modest but growing, with Pakistan as the key customer and Turkey indicating possible future interest.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?