China has been striving to close the technological gap with the US Air Force, especially through upgrades to engines like the WS-10 and WS-15, both featuring low bypass ratios and thrust vector control capabilities.

The J-20 fighter, a more advanced Chinese jet, first flew a decade ago and has been in service since 2017, while India’s AMCA stealth project is still under development and yet to take flight or see induction.

As China increases its J-20 production, there is interest in its technological advances, such as the potential for Directed Energy Weapons, a feature Indian media speculate will also appear on their future planes.

However, questions have been raised in online commentary, especially regarding countries shifting from one fighter program to another before the first is complete, noting that projects like the Indian LCA have not yet seen combat, production, or induction but are still marketed for export.

At recent air shows, including Zhuhai, eyewitnesses and Chinese commentary noted that the J-20 demonstrated reliable performance, countering concerns such as the appearance of black smoke attributed to engine startup phases rather than system failures.

During the 2023 Dubai Air Show, Hongdu Aircraft Company confirmed that Pakistan is in formal negotiations to purchase light attack aircraft from China, likely to replace its aging F-7PGs.

This potential sale to Pakistan aligns with longstanding defense ties between the two countries, and while the exact model was not named, it is widely believed to include J-10C fighters, a more advanced and export-ready fighter than earlier Chinese models.

The perceptions of Chinese fighter quality abroad are mixed; some commentators highlight advancements and steady improvement, while others remain skeptical, citing examples of unreliable or less capable equipment among Chinese military exports.

Global media and defense observers note that China’s growing sophistication in fighter jet technology is also reflected in changes to its strategic doctrines and export ambitions, particularly as demonstrated in regional military competition and mock engagements.

China’s export efforts are closely watched, but feedback from buyers is still emerging, with Pakistan seen as the initial and primary client for the J-10, with general enthusiasm about acquisitions but no long-term operational feedback yet available.

In summary, while China is actively promoting its J-10 and other fighters to foreign customers—with Pakistan as the main buyer so far—international and online commentary remains divided, recognizing notable progress but also raising concerns about operational reliability and the utility of these jets against established Western aircraft.

China’s J-10 fighter jet has been developed as an indigenous aircraft by China’s defense industry, aiming to reach the level of leading world powers in combat aviation.

The J-10 program reflects China’s drive to modernize its air force and reduce dependence on foreign aircraft by creating its own models or copying foreign designs.

Reports confirm that China has equipped parts of its fleet with Russian engines purchased for half a billion dollars.

The bulk of China’s military aircraft fleet, including the J-10, are produced domestically at Chinese defense enterprises.

The J-10 has not matched the level of stealth or technological sophistication shown by American fighters like the F-22 Raptor or F-35 Lightning, which remain benchmarks for advanced combat aviation.

Analysts note that the J-10, while significant, is often overshadowed by China’s J-20 stealth fighter, which experts say is already present in over 10 air brigades of the PLA Air Force.

China has focused on developing its air power to gain air superiority in potential regional conflicts, particularly sending signals to neighbors like Japan and South Korea concerning its build-up.

Despite its presence in the Chinese Air Force, there is little evidence to suggest widespread international export success for the J-10.

To date, only Pakistan has formally ordered the J-10C, with deliveries reported to have started in early 2022.

Pakistani officials have commented positively on the J-10C, citing its advanced avionics, maneuverability, and modern weapons as necessary upgrades for their air force.

The Pakistan Air Force sees the J-10C as a potential counterbalance to rival India’s acquisition of Rafale fighter jets.

Commentators in Chinese and international media have described the J-10 as a fourth-generation fighter with strong multirole capabilities but not on par with fifth-generation US aircraft.

While some Chinese analysts call China’s new fighter “an unpleasant surprise” for Russia, most outside evaluations consider the J-10C a competitive but not revolutionary export product.

Overall, the jet has attracted some interest due to its lower cost and modern features, but as of now, no other confirmed exports beyond Pakistan have occurred.

The J-10’s future in the global market may depend on buyer demand for affordable 4.5-generation fighters and China’s ability to offer flexible sales terms.

The Chinese J-10 fighter jet, manufactured by Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group in Sichuan, is considered one of China's most advanced military weapons.

It made its public debut in November 2016 during the Zhuhai Air Show in Guangdong, China.

The latest variant, the J-10C, features an electronic radar and an infrared guidance system for missiles.

The jet has a length of 23 meters, a height of 5 meters, a maximum speed of 2,468 kilometers per hour, and a range of 5,926 kilometers, according to Aero Corner.

The unit cost of the J-10 is calculated to be between $100 million and $120 million.

China’s military focus on producing such advanced aircraft is connected to rising tensions in regions like the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea, and reflects Beijing’s push to develop its defence system.

Feedback and direct comments from countries operating or acquiring the J-10, notably Pakistan, have noted it as a viable alternative to Western-sourced fighters, offering advanced capabilities at a more competitive price.

In 2022, Turkish Security Council member Kagri Erhan stated that Ankara may move away from American F-16C/D fighters and could consider alternatives such as the Chinese plane sold to Pakistan, Russian fighters, or the Eurofighter.

The J-10 has therefore enhanced its position as a potential replacement or complement for the F-16 in some markets.

Most J-10 exports to date have been to Pakistan, which has publicly displayed and praised the platform as part of its air force modernization.

Pakistani officials and media have presented the J-10 as evidence of deepening military ties with China, citing advanced avionics and weapons compatibility.

The global press and analysts have observed that while the J-10 offers an affordable and capable platform for air forces outside of Western alliances, its success in further export markets remains contingent on performance, support, and geopolitics.

Media commentators have positioned the J-10 among the most significant non-Western fighters but note ongoing scrutiny over China’s ability to develop and sustain advanced jet engines domestically.

While the J-10 is not generally rated at the same level as the F-16 or other top-tier Western fighters, it is recognized for narrowing the gap with Western technology and is reportedly in consideration by countries seeking alternatives to US or Russian fighters.

The Chengdu J-10 fighter, designed in the 1990s under the "Destroying Project Plan" with chief designer Song Wenchong, first flew in 1998 and entered service in 2003.

Following service with other Chinese fighters like the Su-27SK, Su-30MKK, and J-11, the J-10 has formed a high-low mix within China’s air combat capabilities.

The J-10 has a range of 2,500 kilometers and a payload of 1.9 tons, and multiple modifications have resulted in at least 11 derivative aircraft, making it China’s largest family of derivative jets.

Key features include the ability to track and attack multiple targets simultaneously, comparable to the AN/APG-63(V1) radar of the F-15, and a water drop type cockpit cover for enhanced 360-degree pilot visibility.

Military experts suggest the J-10 is most suitably compared to the American F-16.

Although designed to replace foreign third-generation fighters that China could not import due to technical and economic constraints, the J-10 failed to fully meet some border environment challenges.

Recent developments include the J-10D prototype, which uses conformal fuel tanks for increased range, and is believed to target Pakistan as a primary export customer.

Pakistan became the first confirmed export customer for the latest J-10CE variant, with its acquisition attracting significant foreign media attention to China's indigenous fourth-generation fighter capabilities.

Pakistan’s J-10CE features advanced elements such as improved radars, color coatings to reduce radar cross-section, and reportedly favorable feedback regarding performance expectations.

China’s "Military Technology" magazine and other commentators view the J-10C as the fighter with the greatest export potential in China’s market due to its competitiveness and ongoing improvements.

The development of advanced military jet engines, including the turbofan-10C with full authority digital engine control (FADEC) and maximum thrust over 130 kN, has further optimized the J-10 performance.

Other countries besides Pakistan have not been confirmed as buyers, although the J-10 remains a leading candidate in China’s foreign military sales efforts and is frequently discussed in comparison with Western fighters.

Overall, the J-10 program demonstrates China’s progress in indigenous fighter development, with Pakistan’s acquisition seen as a milestone in its export success but with generally cautious but optimistic commentary in international media about further sales and operational performance.

China has been striving to close the technological gap with the US Air Force, especially through upgrades to engines like the WS-10 and WS-15, both featuring low bypass ratios and thrust vector control capabilities.

Title:

Content: What's new

India’s AMCA ‘Stealth Fighters’ Enter Production Stage, How Does It Jet Stack-Up Against China’s J-20 Mighty Dragon?

beijingwalker

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India’s AMCA ‘Stealth Fighters’ Enter Production Stage, How Does It Jet Stack-Up Against China’s J-20 Mighty Dragon?

BySakshi Tiwari

March 21, 2022

The fifth-generation J-20 ‘Mighty Dragon’ is a prized possession of the Chinese PLA Air Force. With India’s prototype of AMCA going into production, will the Chinese stealth fighters have a potential challenger right across the border?

The Chengdu J-20 is a single-seat, multi-role stealth fighter that serves as a symbol of China’s growing air power as the plane has been featured prominently in military parades and air shows across the country.

Last year, the J-20 reportedly entered mass production after replacing the Russian AL-31F Turbofan engine with a domestically built WS-10. According to Chinese plans, the current WS-10C engine is further to be replaced by the latest and more advanced WS-15.

Chinese jets have traditionally been powered by Russian-made engines. China has long sought to develop its own engine and gain maximum flexibility, freeing itself from the constraints imposed by Russian engines. The successful integration of WS-15 on J-20s could be the next big breakthrough in self-sufficiency for China.

China’s next-generation turbofan engine, the WS-15, which is to dramatically boost the performance of the J-20 stealth fighter jet, has completed rigorous testing.

The WS-15 engine has undergone several tests, according to China Central Television (CCTV), after the WS-10, China’s first independently developed high performance, high thrust turbofan engine with afterburner, was installed on fighter jets such as the J-10, J-11, and J-20 since 2016.

The WS-15 has a low bypass ratio and is capable of thrust vector control, according to CCTV. It was developed for fifth-generation heavy and medium fighter jets. The J-20s were supposed to be integrated with the WS-15, but due to test failures, China decided to stick to the WS-10C.

The Chinese military now has a fleet of roughly 50 J-20s. New J-20s will be equipped with the WS-15 engine, said a report of South China Morning Post.

China has been relentlessly working to close the gap with the US Air Force and the upgrades that it is carrying out to the WS-10 engines are aimed at challenging the F-22 Raptors of the US.

This year, China will begin upgrading the J-20 engines by incorporating thrust vectoring technology to get it closer to the performance of the American F-22 Raptor, as previously reported by EurAsian Times.

File Image: J-20
The J-20 has also often been compared with another fifth-generation fighter Aircraft in the US arsenal, the F-35. China is reportedly on track to increase the production of its J-20 aircraft. This was perhaps in response to the American plan to field more than 2,000 F-35 stealth jets across its three armed services, besides Japan’s multibillion-dollar F-35 acquisition.

China had dispatched J-20s to air bases in Xinjiang following a bloody encounter with Indian forces at Galwan in eastern Ladakh in June 2020.

India’s AMCA Warplane

India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently announced the proverbial “metal cutting” for the first prototype of the country’s next-generation fighter jet, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft.

The maiden flight of the AMCA is scheduled for 2024-25, with serial production beginning in 2030, EurAsian Times had reported.

According to reports, the Indian Air Force has committed to 40 AMCA Mk-1 fighters, as well as at least 100 Mk-2 variants and some unmanned aircraft. Like the Chinese J-20, the stealthy AMCA is also going to have ‘super cruise’ capabilities.

With AMCA, India will enter the exclusive club of countries with fifth-generation stealth warplanes. So far, the US (F-35 and F-22 Raptors), Russia (Su-57), and China (J-20) have built such fighters.

An AMCA model displayed during Aero India 2021 (Wikimedia Commons)
Although it is unknown how the AMCA, which is yet to be manufactured, will exactly compete with the Chinese J-20,

According to Aeronautical Development Agency chief Girish Deodhare, the AMCA will be available in stealth and non-stealth variants and will be produced in two stages: an AMCA MK1 with an existing GE414 afterburning turbofan engine that powers the LCA Tejas, and an AMCA Mk2 with a new, more powerful engine that will be developed in collaboration with a foreign player.

India and France are now reportedly close to reaching an agreement for the joint development of a 125KN engine that will power AMCA. The deal is expected to be signed in the near future.

Some experts have speculated that the Indian Air Force would model its futuristic aircraft AMCA on the American F-35. If true, this could ensure greater interoperability between the Indian and US Air Forces and could come as a massive headache for the PLAAF.

AMCA will be a single-seat all-weather swing-role stealth fighter jet with twin turbofan engines. It will be capable of a wide range of operations, including air superiority, ground strikes, enemy air defense suppression, and electronic warfare. China is reportedly working on a two-seat variant of the J-20.

AMCA is designed for super-cruise capability and a reduced radar cross-section. Both these features that the AMCA strives to include are already present in the J-20 Mighty Dragon. Further, J-20 took its first flight a decade ago and was inducted in 2017 whereas the AMCA is yet to see the light of the day.

The 20-ton AMCA fighter would be able to carry one-and-a-half tons of armament in internal weapon bays in its stealth mode. The non-stealth variant would carry weapons, targeting and observation pods, as well as fuel tanks on external pylons under the wings and fuselage.

Further, like the indigenous LCA Tejas that wields Python missiles, Astra BVRAAM, Vympel R-77, and R-73 air-to-air missiles, the Kh-59ME TV guided stand-off missile and the Kh-59MK laser-guided stand-off missiles, the AMCA could be integrated with similar weapons. Just as India sought HAMMER missiles for LCA, advanced missiles could also be imported for the AMCA.

Indian media reported that the AMCA could be equipped with Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs) just as China’s J-20 is believed to get the DEWs, as previously revealed by a Global Times report.

The AMCA’s avionics suite will comprise modern radars and electronic warfare capabilities with “sixth-generation characteristics.” The plane will have a very low radar cross-section for better stealth, as well as AI-based technologies and an upgraded cockpit display with a touch screen interface.

All these specifications are expected to put the aircraft on par with the J-20. According to reports, the AMCA will also incorporate thrust-vectoring engines. The J-20 is on course to upgrade its WS-10 engines with thrust vectoring technology while the WS-15 already possesses this technology aimed at achieving better maneuverability.

Both the Chinese J-20 and Indian AMCA have air superiority as their primary objectives. While the Chinese Air Force developed its fifth-generation fighter years ago, the addition of a similar aircraft to IAF’s arsenal could create a balance of power between the two adversaries that are locked in a prolonged border standoff.

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Its a long long way from production stage. Some bits are being assembled but that does not mean its entered production.
It will be some years before it flies

baqai

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i don't understand how can they jump from one project to another without finishing the first one?

i mean LCA is still not finished, the aircraft has not been inducted in the Airforce, not seen any combat, not seen any real life flying yet it is up for sale.

Reminds me of our politicians ... project hu na hu inauguration karwa du apnay naam ki

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i don't understand how can they jump from one project to another without finishing the first one?

i mean LCA is still not finished, the aircraft has not been inducted in the Airforce, not seen any combat, not seen any real life flying yet it is up for sale.

Reminds me of our politicians ... project hu na hu inauguration karwa du apnay naam ki

Have you thought of the possibility that they have different teams for different projects?

Moreover, for the AMCA and the multi-role helicopter projects, the majority of the ownership is expected to be owned by a consortium of private sector companies with HAL being the minority stake holder. There is a huge difference in the working cultures of private and public sector companies in India.

Indos

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Its a long long way from production stage. Some bits are being assembled but that does not mean its entered production.
It will be some years before it flies

Yup, that is just a tiny part production, similar like KF21/IFX program there are some parts being produced in early 2019 despite detail design completion was in September 2019 ( for single seat variant), KF 21 roll out is in 2021 April.

So if we compare AMCA with KF21/IFX program, so AMCA prototype roll out will likely be in 2024 and test flight is in 2025 with assumption the development goes smoothly from now until the flight test.

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The J-20 fighter, a more advanced Chinese jet, first flew a decade ago and has been in service since 2017, while India’s AMCA stealth project is still under development and yet to take flight or see induction.

As China increases its J-20 production, there is interest in its technological advances, such as the potential for Directed Energy Weapons, a feature Indian media speculate will also appear on their future planes.

However, questions have been raised in online commentary, especially regarding countries shifting from one fighter program to another before the first is complete, noting that projects like the Indian LCA have not yet seen combat, production, or induction but are still marketed for export.

At recent air shows, including Zhuhai, eyewitnesses and Chinese commentary noted that the J-20 demonstrated reliable performance, countering concerns such as the appearance of black smoke attributed to engine startup phases rather than system failures.

Title:

Content: What's new

Black Smoke Arises From China’s J-20 Stealth Fighter; Is Mighty Dragon Already Breaking Down?

Get Ya Wig Split

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Black Smoke Arises From China’s J-20 Stealth Fighter; Is Mighty Dragon Already Breaking Down?https://eurasiantimes.com/category/expert-reviews/

Videos and photos of a Chinese J-20 stealth fighter jet releasing black smoke circulated the internet and caused debate among defense enthusiasts and military observers.

Some watchers claimed that the jet is overhyped and issues with poor Chinese manufacturing have begun to show.

The Generation 5 stealth fighter has been displayed to the public for the first time in this year’s ongoing Zhuhai Air Show, where the fighter landed, taxied, and parked before the public for a closer view.

Usually, the fighter only conducted flypasts and aerobatics. Now opening the ‘Mighty dragon’ for the audience indicates China’s and the People’s Liberation Army Air Force’s (PLAAF) confidence in the aircraft.

The rare public display also led to some close-up photographs being clicked, showing its brake parachute, part of the cockpit, and the enclosed air-to-air refueling probe.

The fine workmanship and finishing of the plane’s body were also visible, baring the highly sophisticated metallurgical, forging, and precision cutting processes.

J-20 Breaking Down?

The video showed a puff of black smoke being released from a small exhaust in the bottom spine of the plane, just before the tails (vertical stabilizer) section.

Onlookers claimed it was an issue with the plane’s engines, which China has still not succeeded in fully mastering. However, putting doubts ti rest, experts said it was the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), which also operates the same way on the American F-22 Raptor.

The APU is usually a miniature jet whose primary role is to drive the main engine to complete the start-up operation.

It also provides part of the power and high-pressure air or fluid when the main engine is turned off to save fuel and reduce its wear and tear. This cumulatively has a significant positive impact on the main engine’s life and maintainability.

“That’s a most common feature when the APU starts,” noted Chinese military aviation expert Andreas Rupprecht while speaking to EurAsian Times. Former IAF Jaguar pilot Squadron Leader Vijainder K. Thakur confirmed it was the APU.

The following video shows the F-22’s APU throwing out thick, dark greyish, and black smoke. The F-22’s APU is located just under the leading edge of the left wing, above the side internal weapons bay compartment.

nother comment from a Chinese national on a popular defense page, who was present at the air show, said that the same J-20 was merely stopping over at Zhuhai and was seen perfectly taking off later. There were no issues with the engine.

J-20 To Be Upgraded Further

While the era for the J-20 is just beginning, unlike the F-22 and the F-35, which are beset with a host of production, technical and budget constraints.

Global Times quoted the J-20’s chief designer Yang Wei, who said that future upgrades would involve Artificial Intelligence (AI) and “cognitive technologies” to make it perform optimally in a “combat system.”

Current air warfare philosophy considers systems as teams and combinations of aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), which would coordinate to carry out joint tasks.

Speaking at a press conference by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), Wei said, “Four J-20s can form a formation, which is a small system; a J-20 can team up with a J-16 and a J-10C in another small system. Recent news reports also suggested that the J-20 can fly together with drones, which is also a system.”

The report quoted Yang saying that the development strategy of the PLAAF used to be homeland defense, but now it has become air-space integration with both attack and defense capabilities.

Junk-20 @F-22Raptor @Hamartia Antidote

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During the 2023 Dubai Air Show, Hongdu Aircraft Company confirmed that Pakistan is in formal negotiations to purchase light attack aircraft from China, likely to replace its aging F-7PGs.

Title:

Content: L-15 designed by Yakovlev Design Bureau of Russia — it has striking resemblance to Yak-130 jet

During the 2023 Dubai Air Show, China’s Hongdu Aircraft Company confirmed that Pakistan is engaged in formal negotiations to acquire light attack aircraft from China.

This potential acquisition aims to replace the aging F-7PG fighters currently used by the Pakistan Air Force for combat pilot conversion.

According to Hongdu, Pakistan wants to buy a light attack aircraft version of the L-15 trainer.

The armed variant of the L-15 boasts nine hardpoints capable of carrying approximately three tons of weaponry, strategically distributed across its fuselage and wings. Its arsenal includes the versatile HJ-10 anti-tank guided missiles and the LS series of 250-500kg laser- and satellite-guided bombs, augmenting its ground attack capabilities.

Equipped with a suite of Chinese lightweight aircraft sensors, including multi-mode targeting pods and electronic jammers, the L-15 stands out. Its electronically scanned array radar enables an anti-aircraft role, complemented by the integration of PL-12 long-range air-to-air missiles and PL-10 infrared-guided short-range missiles.

Further range extension options involve fuel drop tanks, enhancing its 500km combat radius for increased operational efficiency and on-station flight duration.

This potential sale to Pakistan aligns with longstanding defense ties between the two countries, and while the exact model was not named, it is widely believed to include J-10C fighters, a more advanced and export-ready fighter than earlier Chinese models.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

The perceptions of Chinese fighter quality abroad are mixed; some commentators highlight advancements and steady improvement, while others remain skeptical, citing examples of unreliable or less capable equipment among Chinese military exports.

Title:

Content: What's new

China’s Stealth Fighter Designer Critiques U.S. B-21 Bomber Development Pace

beijingwalker

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China’s Stealth Fighter Designer Critiques U.S. B-21 Bomber Development Pace

on 23 December 2023

In a lecture aimed at dissecting the evolution of air warfare, Yang Wei, the chief designer of China’s leading-edge J-20 stealth fighter, scrutinized the developments surrounding America’s B-21 Raider stealth bomber. Yang compared the philosophies underlying military aviation advancements in China and the United States, suggesting that China’s approach to research and development outpaces that of its American counterpart. The analysis of the U.S. B-21 Raider’s progress and the broader implications of this comparison has sparked interest and commentary throughout the defense community.

China’s military advances have been notable not only for their technological aspects but also for their speed. According to Yang Wei, this is exemplified in China’s adoption of digital engineering, which enables faster development cycles compared to American methods. Yang’s critique extended beyond a simple one-upmanship of aircraft capabilities, targeting the fundamental R&D approaches between the two powers. Moreover, his speech hinted at deeper collaboration with China’s Academy of Engineering Physics, spurring speculation about China integrating nuclear capabilities onto their fighter jets, a strategic shift from China’s historically defensive nuclear posture.

This evolving strategy aligns with China’s broader military developments. Enhancing the J-20 stealth fighter with a nuclear strike capability could offer China a more immediate nuclear deterrent while the development of the H-20 bomber continues. The J-20’s advanced stealth characteristics could potentially enable it to execute penetrating nuclear strikes with a greater probability of evading detection and defensive measures. With both nations advancing their military aviation technology, the competition underscores not just advancements in technical capabilities, but also in strategic doctrine.
In sum, the insights from Yang Wei’s talk echo a larger narrative regarding the competitive advancement in stealth technology and, importantly, highlight the strategic implications should China pair its stealth fighters with nuclear weaponry.

FAQ:
1. What was the primary focus of Yang Wei’s lecture?
Yang Wei’s lecture focused on the evolution of air warfare, specifically the development of the J-20 stealth fighter and the comparison with America’s B-21 Raider stealth bomber.

2. How does China’s approach to military aviation R&D compare with that of the United States?
According to Yang Wei, China’s employs digital engineering which leads to faster development cycles, suggesting an advantage over traditional American R&D methods.
3. What speculation has arisen from Yang Wei’s mention of collaboration with China’s Academy of Engineering Physics?
There is speculation that China may be considering integrating nuclear capabilities onto their J-20 fighter jets, indicating a possible shift in China’s nuclear strategy.
4. What strategic advantage could China gain by enhancing the J-20 with nuclear strike capability?
Such a capability could provide China with a more immediate nuclear deterrent and the ability to execute penetrating nuclear strikes that could evade detection and defensive measures.
5. Why is the competition between China and the U.S. in military aviation technology significant?
The competition is significant because it reflects not only advancements in technical capabilities but also shifts in strategic military doctrines.
Definitions:
Stealth Technology: A set of techniques used in military aviation to make aircraft less detectable by radar and other detection methods.
Digital Engineering: An approach to designing and developing systems that utilize advanced computing and simulation to create faster, more efficient development processes.
Nuclear Deterrent: A strategy wherein a country possesses nuclear weapons to discourage an enemy from taking an action, typically by the promise of retaliation.
Research and Development (R&D): The process through which new products and technologies are created and existing products are improved.

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What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

Global media and defense observers note that China’s growing sophistication in fighter jet technology is also reflected in changes to its strategic doctrines and export ambitions, particularly as demonstrated in regional military competition and mock engagements.

China’s export efforts are closely watched, but feedback from buyers is still emerging, with Pakistan seen as the initial and primary client for the J-10, with general enthusiasm about acquisitions but no long-term operational feedback yet available.

Title:

Content: Pakistan

Pakistan in Talks with China for Light Attack Aircraft Purchase at Dubai Airshow

China’s Hongdu Aircraft Company has confirmed that Pakistan is engaged in formal discussions regarding the acquisition of light attack aircraft during the 2023 Dubai Airshow.

The proposed purchase aims to replace the aging F-7PG fighters in service with the Pakistan Air Force, currently utilized for combat pilot conversion.

According to Hongdu, Pakistan is looking to procure the L-15 trainer light attack aircraft. The armed version of the L-15 boasts nine hardpoints capable of carrying up to three tonnes of weapons strategically positioned on the fuselage and wings. Equipped with HJ-10 anti-tank guided missiles and the LS series of 250-500kg laser- and satellite-guided bombs, the aircraft aims to enhance its ground assault capabilities.

Sohaib Rehman

I am a content writer who is very passionate about writing. I follow news related to different niches and love to write about them. Email: sohaib6819@gmail.com

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What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

In summary, while China is actively promoting its J-10 and other fighters to foreign customers—with Pakistan as the main buyer so far—international and online commentary remains divided, recognizing notable progress but also raising concerns about operational reliability and the utility of these jets against established Western aircraft.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

What problems have J-10 Fighters that China exports had?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

China’s J-10 fighter jet has been developed as an indigenous aircraft by China’s defense industry, aiming to reach the level of leading world powers in combat aviation.

Title:

Content: Sections
Materials
Combat wings of the Celestial Empire: what a fleet of the latest J-20 can boast of China
Dmitry Lutovich
Experts note that to date, more than 10 air brigades of the PLA Air Force can be armed with a stealth fighter J-20.
Such power cannot be underestimated.
Since 2021, China has significantly increased production of the fifth-generation fighter J-20, which is designed exclusively for the People ’ s Liberation Army of China (PLA).
Presumably, in 2025, the supply of these machines will increase dramatically to 120 units, thanks to which the PLA Air Force will increase the number of brigades equipped with new aircraft.
On the probable number of J-20 aircraft in the ranks of the Chinese air force told on January 31 observers Bulgarian Military.
With the increase in supplies of the J-20, more and more PLA Air Force brigades are getting into service with this stealth fighter, which experts sometimes compare with the American F-35.
Eight brigades of the Chinese Air Force have already received J-20s by the end of 2022, and another five are reported to have been delivered in 2023.
If aircraft production continues at the same pace, by the end of this decade, more than 30 PLA brigades will be proudly showcasing their J-20s.
Also, the authors of the material note that at present, two PLA brigades are replacing outdated machines, such as the J-7E and J-11 (a version of the Su-27) with the latest fifth-generation fighters.
These are the 97th Air Brigade, which is based at Dazu Air Base, located near the city of Chengdu, and the 4th Air Brigade of the Chinese Air Force at Foshan Air Base, in the vicinity of Shenzhen.
The latter is of great military importance, as it houses the backbone of the submarine fleet of nuclear missile boats of the country.
“The proximity of the base to Taiwan, which is only 700 km away and is a potential point of conflict, further highlights the importance of this facility, ” the observers stressed.
Experts also believe that such a build-up of air forces is intended to make it clear to Japan and South Korea that they refrain from possible participation in possible conflicts related to Taiwan.
For example, the 8th Air Brigade of Changxing Air Base, strategically located near the Korean Peninsula, will also boast the inclusion of J-20 owners in the rapidly expanding club.
Thus, more than 10 brigades with J-20 fighters are a force that cannot be underestimated, experts say.
According to its characteristics, the Chinese machine in its capabilities is among the most effective fighters for air combat in the world.
Earlier it was reported that on the eve of the 74th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Air Force, the Ministry of Defense of China published a propaganda video with images of the combat work of the J-20 stealth fighter.
The video also shows the launch of the missile and the procedure for intercepting and expelling "foreign" military aircraft.

The J-10 program reflects China’s drive to modernize its air force and reduce dependence on foreign aircraft by creating its own models or copying foreign designs.

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Meeting point - skies over Taiwan
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The most numerous among the PLA Air Force fighters is the light single-engine J-10.
Photo by Vladimir Karnozov.
Is China ’ s military aircraft capable of countering the US Air Force?
In the new conditions of the international situation, domination of airspace is becoming more and more relevant.
The political and military leadership of the leading scientific-technical countries pays close attention to the development of national air forces, which in many countries are the most advanced component of the armed forces.
At the same time, the most significant results in the development of the air force (both qualitatively and quantitatively) have been achieved in recent decades by two countries - the United States and China.
In the military conflicts of the XXI century, the aircraft of the US Air Force and the PRC did not take part in air battles against each other.
This fact makes it problematic to compare the real combat capabilities of the aircraft (LA) of the two countries.
Most of the comparative assessments of experts regarding the American and Chinese military aviation are subjective and are based mainly on the study of the declared tactical and technical characteristics.
At the same time, the tasks, goals, development plans of the air forces of the two countries remain outside the estimates, as well as possible military conflicts in which the aircraft of the two countries can meet in battle.
MILITARY WINGS OF AMERICA
An analysis of the composition of the US Air Force fleet, according to the annual bulletin reviewing the military capabilities of the world's states, The Military Balance 2023, shows that at the beginning of this year, the US Air Force had 328,600 active personnel.
In addition, 117,497 were in reserve, and 106,700 were in the US National Guard Air Force.
In service there were 4093 manned aircraft (as well as 1289 in the Air National Guard and 396 in reserve), 156 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 2130 air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs), 450 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
A study of the official website of the US Department of Defense shows that the unpredictable military-political situation forces the US leadership to continuously improve the national air force.
In particular, the US Air Force has the largest fleet of strategic bomber aircraft in the world.
According to The Military Balance for 2023, the US Air Force is armed with B-52H, B-2A and B-1B bombers.
At the same time, according to experts, B-1B aircraft are reoriented to perform non-nuclear tasks.
The fleet of strategic American bombers allows you to operate beyond the reach of enemy air defense assets.
Today, only B-2A bombers have sufficient range and are able to penetrate with impunity into areas protected by modern air defense and missile defense systems.
But the fleet of such aircraft is not enough to defeat all targets in the Asia-Pacific theater of operations, which the US military and political leadership considers a priority in the 21st century.
At the same time, not all indicators of this component of the US Armed Forces speak of unambiguous American superiority in the air.
So, for 2024, it is planned to write off at least 310 aircraft (150 were on the list for 2023), but the US Congress does not fully approve these plans.
In particular, the Americans want to get rid of 42 A-10 Thunderbolt II attack aircraft, whose survivability on the modern battlefield is questionable.
It is also expected to decommission 260 fighters by 2028.
This list includes 57 F-15C / D Eagle aircraft under the age of 40 years.
They are planned to be partially replaced by the F-35A and F-15EX after complete decommissioning by 2026.
Maybe even the F-15E.
Their reduction is expected in 2025.
Some F-22As will also be decommissioned, namely 32 Block 20 units decommissioned and used exclusively for training purposes.
Further reductions will affect the aircraft long-range radar detection (AWACS) E-3G, of which at the moment 13 decommissioned.
It is planned to get rid of the last 24 KC-10 Extender tankers.
Also considered superfluous are the last three combat control and targeting aircraft E-8 Joint STARS, 48 modular reconnaissance and strike drones MQ-9 Reaper Block 1, three “aircraft of psychological warfare ” EC-130J Commando Solo and three almost museum light bombers A-29.
In terms of helicopters, the US Air Force intends to abandon 37 HH-60G Pave Hawk aircraft, which will be gradually replaced by the HH-60W Jolly Green II.
52 T-1 Jayhawk (Beechjet business jets) are also to be reduced.
Finally, the decision was made not to repair one B-1B after the engine fire, leaving 44 such bombers in the fleet operating.
NOAC AIR ARMADS
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), in terms of the quantitative composition for 2023, the PLA aircraft fleet is in third place in the world.
As for the qualitative composition, the percentage of aircraft of previous generations and foreign production is still quite high.
The PLA bomber aircraft is 100% equipped with more than once modernized, but obsolete aircraft "Hun-6".
In tactical aviation, up to 70% falls on aircraft such as “Jian-7 ”,“ Jian-8 ”, “Jianghong 7 ” and“ Qiang-5 ” (they are gradually withdrawn from the Air Force).
At the same time, China is experiencing a shortage of heavy transport aircraft, patrol aircraft and tanker aircraft.
Since the beginning of the 2000s, a systematic qualitative improvement of the PLA air fleet has been carried out.
It became possible not only due to the purchase of foreign aircraft and the deployment of licensed production at national enterprises, but also the creation of their own models of aircraft on their basis (and in many cases copying).
Chinese engineers are trying to get the most advanced technologies from the leading (especially in terms of engine building and the development of on-board equipment) states in order to master them and create the latest competitive samples of national aircraft.
The re-equipment of the aircraft fleet is also linked to the implementation of the reform of the Chinese Armed Forces, which is divided into three stages: 2000-2020, 2021-2035 and 2036-2049.
At the first stage, the number of personnel and obsolete equipment was reduced, work on the modernization of existing and the development of new models of weapons and military equipment was intensified.
The tasks of the second and third stages are to reach the level of the leading countries of the world.
According to the British publication Jane ’ s Information Group, the military-political leadership of China not only retains the combat capabilities of old aircraft, but also initiates the development of new models – for example, strategic bombers.
Modification of the bomber "Hun-6" has the designation "Hun-6K" and significant differences from the previous versions.
In the bow (in front of the cockpit), a long-range detection and fire control radar is installed.
"Hun-6K" uses Russian turbofan engines D-30KP-2 with a capacity of 12 thousand kgf / cm2, which have changed the shape and size of the air intakes.
The study of SIPRI databases allows us to state that currently the designers of the Xi'an Aircraft Manufacturing Enterprise are developing the first strategic supersonic stealth bomber under the designation "Hong-20" (the number 20 indicates a maximum speed of 2.0 MAX).
COMPARISON OF POTENTIALS
According to the SIPRI Institute, today the US Air Force is much more powerful than the Chinese Air Force already due to the tactical and technical characteristics of the aircraft used.
The British resource FlightGlobal published a report according to which the United States retains the advantage, having more than 13 thousand military aircraft, 5,163 of which are operated by the US Air Force.
American fighters F-35 Lightning and F-22 Raptor are considered one of the most advanced combat in the world.
China ’ s air force is the third largest in the world with more than 2,500 aircraft, of which about 2,000 are combat aircraft (according to China ’ s 2022 Military Power Report).
Thus, the obvious strategic air superiority is on the US side.
Although China is rapidly increasing its power and stubbornly creates promising models of weapons.
The Pentagon and the American aviation industry so far demonstrate a clear superiority in terms of aircraft of the latest generations.
According to open sources, the United States in 2017 produced 50 multi-role aircraft of the 5th generation F-35 and 26 aircraft of the 4th generation F-18.
In 2018, 70 F-35s and about 14 F-18s were built in the United States.
On average, the United States produces between 75 and 85 jet fighters per year.
In addition, in these years, other military aircraft for various purposes were produced in the United States.
Among them are 15 KC-46A tankers, five E-2D Advanced Hawkeye AWACS aircraft, 24 P8A reconnaissance and jammer aircraft, 28 C-130J transport aircraft.
In total, the United States produces about 130 manned aircraft annually, not counting helicopters.
Analysts give cautious estimates of the quantitative indicators of the Chinese aviation program, explaining its traditional Chinese closeness.
According to their estimates, China built approximately 100 aircraft in 2017, including two-thirds of combat aircraft.
China plans to establish the production of the fifth-generation J-31 aircraft and the J-20 stealth fighter.
China ’ s military budget is expected to double by 2030.
It is growing at a rate of about 5-10% per year.
Therefore, China can catch up with the United States in terms of production of fifth-generation aircraft by 2025.
But so far, the United States is ahead of both Russia and China in terms of the construction of fifth-generation aircraft.
Today, China has about 700 fourth-generation combat aircraft and up to 25 fifth-generation fighters.
By 2025, China will be able to increase the number of 4th generation aircraft to 1,100 and have from 60 to 120 5th generation aircraft.
By 2030, China may already have 1,200 – 1,600 generation “4 ” aircraft and 200 – 500 generation“ 5 ” aircraft.
The U.S. Air Force has about 450 5th generation aircraft (F-22 and F-35) and approximately 1,500 Generation 4 and 4 + aircraft (F-16 and F15s).
Plus, the US Navy has about 800 F-18s, and the Marine Corps has 260 F-18s.
It is estimated that the US will have approximately 1,000 5th generation aircraft in 2025 and up to 1,500 in 2030.
IF THE WAR IS TOMORROW
In the annual report of the US Department of Defense to Congress for 2023, “Military and security events with the participation of China, ” it is noted that the most possible scenario of a collision between the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force in real combat may be tension in the Taiwan Strait.
As part of its offensive operations, the Chinese Air Force can launch missile and air strikes against American targets and those of its allies in the region.
It is noted that the joint offensive operation of the PLA will include missile and air strikes, cyber attacks and a blockade of the island.
The objectives of the operation will be to limit Taiwan's defensive capabilities, as well as to suppress the morale of the island's population and break its ties with the outside world.
The latest report by the US International Center for Strategic Studies (CSIS), “China Strategy and Armed Forces in 2023, ” noted that the main goal of the Chinese is to destroy the island ’ s air defense system, missile bases, military airfields and aircraft located on the runways and hangars of Taiwan.
The main goal of the PLA at this stage is to gain air superiority.
US military experts claim that China is capable of launching missile and air strikes, as well as conducting an offensive operation in cyberspace.
Another possible option is to launch missile strikes against command posts and critical infrastructure, followed by a rapid airborne and naval landing operation, as well as the seizure of Taiwanese military facilities by Chinese special forces.
In this case, the PLA will have difficulty attacking without warning.
WHERE THE UNITED STATES WILL RESPOND
The analysis of open sources shows that against the background of escalating confrontation between the great powers and general turbulence in the field of security, the Pentagon continues to reorganize the national air force.
First of all, we are talking about the confrontation between the United States and China in the Asia-Pacific region.
The changes will affect the organization, equipment and training of the US Air Force.
The top leadership of the United States approved the formation of three new air force tactical groups, which represent the implementation of the experiment for the deployment of integrated units.
Two of these groups will be under the control of the Central Command of the US Armed Forces, whose area of   operational responsibility primarily includes the Middle East.
The third group will be subordinated to the Indo-Pacific Command.
In the foreseeable future, these are precisely the locations where the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force will compete for air supremacy.
CONCLUSIONS AND SYNTHESIS
As a result of comparing the US Air Force and the PLA Air Force, it is possible to draw the following conclusions and generalizations:
1.
The political and military leadership of both the United States and China pays close attention to the development of new models of combat aircraft.
It is believed that the presence of modern aircraft in the national air forces of both countries will allow to hit enemy targets outside the range of air and missile defense systems.
2.
The presence of US and PRC aircraft bomber aircraft allows in peacetime to perform the task of nuclear strategic deterrence.
Given the possible unacceptable damage, a potential enemy (represented by the United States and China) will be forced to refuse to participate in hostilities in advance.
3.
The conflict in Ukraine is the first case in history where the situational awareness of even junior commanders is absolute.
The main part of the samples of aircraft, consisting of the military aviation fleet, is produced in China at the national enterprises of the defense industry.
Despite the fact that a significant part of the fleet consists of aircraft with a development period of more than 30 years, some of these samples have not exhausted the opportunities for modernization.
4.
Regular work on the modernization of aircraft and helicopters allows China to significantly improve the flight performance and operational characteristics of the existing fleet.
In particular, this applies to auxiliary aircraft: military transport and special vehicles on their base, multi-purpose helicopters.
As for combat aircraft, at present, the Chinese aircraft industry provides their annual production in the amount that allows for the planned re-equipment of aviation parts with new types of aircraft, as well as their repair and modernization.
Vasily Ivanov
Vasily Ivanovich Ivanov is a journalist.
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Reports confirm that China has equipped parts of its fleet with Russian engines purchased for half a billion dollars.

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Pakistan Air Force J-10 fighter receives Su-35 equipment
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Pakistan's J-10 fighter.
Image source: www.pakdefense.com
Pakistani J-10 Chinese fighter received the equipment of the Russian Su-35 aircraft.
This was reported on Twitter by user @ Roberto05246129.
We are talking about the aviation station warning about irradiation (SPO) L-150 "Pastel", which allows you to notice the fact of irradiation of the aircraft by the radar of the enemy.
In the image shown by the user, this SPO on an aircraft belonging to the Air Force (Air Force) of Pakistan is marked with an arrow.
In November, The Drive reported that China had replaced Russian AL-31F engines with J-15 fighters.
In May 2021, Defense News noted that the fourth-generation J-10C multirole fighters, equipped with local WS-10B engines instead of the Russian AL-31F series, began to enter service with the Chinese People ’ s Liberation Army Air Force.
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The bulk of China’s military aircraft fleet, including the J-10, are produced domestically at Chinese defense enterprises.

The J-10 has not matched the level of stealth or technological sophistication shown by American fighters like the F-22 Raptor or F-35 Lightning, which remain benchmarks for advanced combat aviation.

Analysts note that the J-10, while significant, is often overshadowed by China’s J-20 stealth fighter, which experts say is already present in over 10 air brigades of the PLA Air Force.

China has focused on developing its air power to gain air superiority in potential regional conflicts, particularly sending signals to neighbors like Japan and South Korea concerning its build-up.

Despite its presence in the Chinese Air Force, there is little evidence to suggest widespread international export success for the J-10.

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China ’ s sixth-generation fighter jet: is a tailless derivative of the J-20 possible?
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China ’ s sixth-generation fighter jet: is a tailless derivative of the J-20 possible?
Image source: invoen.ru
On January 31, 2023, the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) published a video recording of the concept of a tailless fighter.
According to Chinese sources, it is connected with the country ’ s efforts to develop a sixth-generation fighter.
China and the United States are currently competing for the world ’ s first and most powerful sixth-generation fighter jets.
Senior U.S. Air Force officials have repeatedly warned that China may be the first to adopt such an aircraft.
China's fifth-generation J-20 fighter jet
These two countries are the only ones using fifth-generation fighter jets of national production at the squadron level.
At the same time, China produces a heavy twin-engine J-20 and is developing a medium FC-31, and the US – a much lighter single-engine F-35.
The tailless gliders are expected to become a key hallmark of sixth-generation fighters, and the images shown by the ACIV are markedly reminiscent of the J-20, but with a diamond-shaped triangular wing and no tail.
Image published by ACIV
The presented images increase the likelihood that the J-20 will become the basis for the development of the sixth-generation fighter.
It is believed that other sixth-generation features, primarily drone control and directed-energy weapon capabilities, are currently being developed for the J-20 and can be integrated into both gliders in the current configuration, as well as into the more imperceptible tailless derivatives of the deltoid wing if they appear.
As its own analogue of the J-20, the adaptation of the fifth-generation fighter to the tail glider to improve stealth performance was also considered in the United States.
This led to the X-44 Manta program.
In the American version of the design, a thrust vector control system was used to compensate for the lack of tail and rudder surfaces and to ensure control of yaw, pitch and roll (but it never approached the prototype stage).
X-44 Manta.
Sketch
Research under the Manta program began in the mid-1990s, but was discontinued in 2000, more than half a decade before the base F-22 entered service.
Model F-22 and did not advance to any options, except for the basic single-seat fighter F-22A.
Production of the latter was stopped ahead of schedule due to a wide range of problems with the aircraft.
The first F-22s are scheduled to be decommissioned later in 2023, after completing only a small portion of their service life.
It is assumed that the J-20 model, similar to the X-44, although with avionics and sensors of the sixth generation, can serve as an intermediate stage until a clean design of the sixth generation fighter is developed, or provide a cheaper alternative to such a fighter.
With the sixth-generation American fighter estimated at several hundred million dollars for a glider and more than a billion dollars for the lifetime of each aircraft, a derivative of the sixth-generation model from the J-20 will provide a much more economical means of achieving higher-level stealth capabilities.
In addition, it is likely that the production of the new aircraft at the facilities of the current base J-20 will be much easier and may receive significant similarities in service.
In general, foreign experts agree that although the development of a promising fighter, no doubt, is a priority for the defense sectors of China and the United States, neither the nature of the images AVIC, nor assumptions about the connection of its design with the J-20 does not add clarity about the design of the Chinese sixth-generation fighter.
Source: militarywatchmagazine.com
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What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

To date, only Pakistan has formally ordered the J-10C, with deliveries reported to have started in early 2022.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistani officials have commented positively on the J-10C, citing its advanced avionics, maneuverability, and modern weapons as necessary upgrades for their air force.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

The Pakistan Air Force sees the J-10C as a potential counterbalance to rival India’s acquisition of Rafale fighter jets.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Commentators in Chinese and international media have described the J-10 as a fourth-generation fighter with strong multirole capabilities but not on par with fifth-generation US aircraft.

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Content: Science and technology
Today at 19: 40
1 min.
The Chinese called their new fighter “an unpleasant surprise ” for Russia
Their fighter is gaining altitude, which neither Russian nor American aircraft reach
China presented an analytical review of the achievements of the Chinese aviation industry against the background of other military superpowers.
According to Chinese analysts, their country has unpleasantly surprised the United States and Russia with its achievements in the field of military aviation.
As stated in the report, before everything Chinese was considered a copy of Russian, occasionally American, technology.
But China managed not only to make serious progress in the field of military aircraft, but even to break away and unpleasantly surprise both Moscow and Washington.
This achievement analysts NetEase called the Chinese fifth-generation fighter J-20, adopted in 2017.
An important distinction of fifth-generation aircraft is stealth.
Both Russian and American aircraft also have this quality, but, according to Chinese experts, their equipment has another advantage - a competitive climb.
It is noted that the maximum possible for the American F-22 — 19 thousand meters, Russian Su-57 — 20 thousand.
But the J-20 can reach a height of 30 thousand meters, which is, according to Chinese analysts, the fundamental difference between their fighters and the equipment of other countries.
This, according to the publication NetEase, is the unpleasant “surprise ” that China was able to present to other countries, in particular, Russia.
“China ’ s fifth-generation fighter jet has risen to an altitude of about 30,000 meters, making Russia and the United States feel uncomfortable, ” the report said.
Source: PolitRussia

While some Chinese analysts call China’s new fighter “an unpleasant surprise” for Russia, most outside evaluations consider the J-10C a competitive but not revolutionary export product.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Overall, the jet has attracted some interest due to its lower cost and modern features, but as of now, no other confirmed exports beyond Pakistan have occurred.

Title:

Content: New Russian Checkmate will be a headache for the US – media
However, for this, domestic engineers need to solve all issues related to the release of the aircraft.
Russia with the help of a new domestic fighter Su-75 (Checkmate) seeks to compete with the United States in the air and on the geopolitical map.
“Shah and Mat ” can compete with the American F-35 and challenge the strategic levers of influence of Washington, if Russian manufacturers are able to start its production.
This is reported by The Wall Street Journal.
As the publication notes, presented in July at the air show MAKS-2021 Checkmate became the world ’ s second single-engine fighter equipped with the most advanced control systems and a complex of radio detection and guidance.
Its only real competitor is the fifth-generation fighter F-35 Lightning II, which is manufactured by the American company Lockheed Martin Corp.
At the moment, the U.S. aircraft is in great demand in the international market.
This not only brings America a stable income from exports, but also helps Washington to promote its political interests around the world.
However, the light Su-75 stealth aircraft is designed to perform a similar function for Moscow, causing a “geopolitical headache ” for the American leadership.
Israel and Japan are among the 15 countries that have received the F-35 or reached an agreement on its purchase.
In turn, Russian officials said they would like to sell the Su-75 to the United Arab Emirates, Argentina, India and Vietnam – states with security ties to the United States.
However, so far none of the above countries have agreed to a deal with Moscow.
Meanwhile, according to military analysts, Checkmate, as its name suggests, seeks to challenge Washington ’ s strategic influence.
Moscow characterizes the new fighter as a commercial project.
"There is no need to look for a geopolitical aspect in our new light tactical aircraft.
The real reason is much simpler - cars of this class are really in high demand on the world market of military equipment, "said Sergei Chemezov, CEO of Rostec.
He believes that the new domestic fighter will be a good option for those countries that want to have modern equipment, but who do not have an extra $120 million for the purchase of the American F-35 Lightning II.
And for the Su-75 will have to pay four times less – only $30 million.
However, some experts predict that the real cost of Checkmate will be higher than the announced figures.
To challenge the superiority of the F-33, Russian designers will first have to solve all the problems associated with the launch of the Su-75 into production, including financial issues.
Earlier, the American magazine 19FortyFive found our new stealth fighter one strong trump card in the sleeve.
Source: The Wall Street Journal ✓ Reliable source
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What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

The J-10’s future in the global market may depend on buyer demand for affordable 4.5-generation fighters and China’s ability to offer flexible sales terms.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

The Chinese J-10 fighter jet, manufactured by Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group in Sichuan, is considered one of China's most advanced military weapons.

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The plane, nicknamed the “Great Dragon, ” was presented to the Chinese People ’ s Liberation Army Air Force in March 2017.
It is one of the most advanced military weapons in China, manufactured by Sichuan-based Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group.
It made its debut in November 2016, at the Zhuai Air Show in Guangdong, China.
The J-20 is the third fifth-generation fighter jet in history, after the American-made Lockheed Martin F-22 and F-35.
The Chinese Air Force had a fleet of more than 50 J-20 aircraft in 2021.
The Chinese aircraft has made comparisons with the F-35 since the aircraft engaged in military confrontations in 2020.
Different types
The F-35 was introduced to the U.S. Army in July 2015.
There are three different types of this aircraft: traditional take-off and landing (F-35A), short take-off and vertical landing (F-35B), and carrier (F-35C).
Variables are distinguished by how the aircraft takes off and lands.
Lockheed Martin has described the F-35 as "the world's most advanced fighter jet", featuring a low level of observable intrusion, advanced sensors, information integration, and network connectivity.
But there is a stiff competition from the J-20.
The South China Morning Post reported that F-35 encounters with the J-20 in the East China Sea impressed a senior commander in the U.S. Air Force.
In an interview with the Mitchell Institute for Space Studies in March, Gen. Kenneth Willsbach, commander of the U.S. Pacific Air Force, said China ’ s ability to defend its nation was “strong. ”
“It ’ s a bit early to say exactly what they intend to do with the J-20, all we ’ ve actually seen is aerial superiority, and I ’ ve seen Chinese pilots fly the plane well. ”
The J-20 is a long and wide aircraft, with a length of 23 meters and a height of 5 meters.
The aircraft has a maximum speed of 2,468 kilometers per hour and a travel range of 5,926 kilometers, according to aviation website Aero Corner.
By comparison, the F-35A has a top speed of about 1,360 kilometers per hour and a range of 2,200 kilometers, according to the Royal Australian Air Force.
Prominent Variables
Some notable variants are the J-20A, the first version of the aircraft, and the J-20S, the first two-seat stealth fighter aircraft.
China has the ability to develop the aircraft into many other variants, including a bomber and an electric fighter, according to the military website Global Security.
The J-20 was initially equipped with Russian AL-31F engines.
The South China Morning Post reported in March that the aircraft were working to upgrade their Russian-made engines to the WS-15 turbofan after combustion.
As part of China ’ s localization program, all J-20 jets will be equipped with Chinese-made engines such as the WS-15, a source told the outlet.
In a 2020 report, the Hong Kong newspaper said the engine upgrade was to "bring its performance closer" to the F-22.
The WS-15 engines will increase maneuverability and combat capability.
The cost of the aircraft is between $100 million and $120 million per unit.
Diplomat reported that in the early 2000s, the initial cost of the aircraft was set at between 450 million and 500 million Chinese renminbi, or about $60 million to $70 million.
According to estimates from multiple reports, the cost of the aircraft has skyrocketed since then.
The cost of research and development of the aircraft was estimated at more than RMB 30 billion.
Elaf prepared this report on the American Business Insider website.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

J-10 series are a fourth-generation fighters.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

It made its public debut in November 2016 during the Zhuhai Air Show in Guangdong, China.

The latest variant, the J-10C, features an electronic radar and an infrared guidance system for missiles.

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Content: The American F-16...
Information on the Chinese J-10C fighter
© AFP 2023 / KARIM SAHIBChinese J-10 fighter
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The Chinese J-10 is touted as the best alternative to the US fourth-generation F-16, which has led some countries to consider acquiring it.
China has produced about 350 such aircraft since they entered service in 2005, according to Military Factory.
The aircraft has a single crew and is used by China and Pakistan and is designed for aerial combat missions with a variety of weapons.
Turkey to replace F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Photos & Videos
What are the technical specifications of the J-10?
Length: 15.5 meters.
Distance between wings: 9.7 meters.
Height: 4.7 meters.
Weight of empty aircraft: 9.7 tons.
The total weight of the aircraft is 18.5 tons.
Speed: 2,336 km / h.
Altitude: 20,000 meters.
Range: 1800 kilometers.
What is the arming of the J-10?
The Chinese J-10 has six under-wing and five under-hull external suspension points that allow it to carry a large external payload of weapons, including air-to-air missiles, laser-guided bombs and other types of conventional bombs, as well as a 23 mm internal machine gun.
There are several versions of the aircraft, some with one seat and others with two seats for training tasks, including:
The J-10A is a single-seat multirole fighter.
J-10B: Marine version with twin-engine engines.
J-10C: An upgraded version of the B version with an electronic radar and infrared guidance system for missiles.
© AFP 2023 / WANG ZHAO Chinese J-10 fighter
The Chinese J-10 fighter.
The J-10C is an upgraded export version, which Turkey may acquire as a replacement for the U.S. F-16 fighter jets.
Earlier, a Turkish presidential official said Ankara was expected to abandon the U.S. F-16 fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative in the Chinese J-10 signal.
© SputnikWhat are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
What are the capabilities of the Chinese J-16 fighter?
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How is J-10C Fighter compared with JF-17, another jet fighter that China exports?

J-10 can be outfitted with a bigger active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

The jet has a length of 23 meters, a height of 5 meters, a maximum speed of 2,468 kilometers per hour, and a range of 5,926 kilometers, according to Aero Corner.

The unit cost of the J-10 is calculated to be between $100 million and $120 million.

China’s military focus on producing such advanced aircraft is connected to rising tensions in regions like the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea, and reflects Beijing’s push to develop its defence system.

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Content: The Great Dragon.
Chinese stealth fighters revealed by Beijing for the first time
China has unveiled for the first time the J20 stealth fighter, dubbed the Great Dragon, as part of the 14th China International Air Show in the southern city of Zhuhai, which kicked off with the participation of more than 740 companies from 43 countries.
The six-day exhibition, held every two years, is a platform for China and participating countries to showcase the latest technologies in civil and military aviation technology.
But military industries are at the centre of the show, reflecting Beijing ’ s drive to develop its defence system at a time of rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea.
Besides the new stealth aircraft, Beijing also unveiled its latest versions of intercontinental combat and marching aircraft, as well as its first civilian aircraft.
The aircraft, of which China has about 200, became the second country in the world, after the United States, to have fifth-generation fighters.
Beijing also offered third-generation Wing Loong drones, which are intercontinental and capable of carrying 16 missiles and bombs.
The releases have attracted new arms deals for Chinese companies, with China Aerospace Corporation asset management director Wan Yanhui saying that the total amount of contracts signed this year exceeded the previous cycle, adding that the purchases amounted to 50 billion yuan (about 7 billion US dollars).
China exports military products to more than 50 countries, including countries in Africa and the Middle East, surpassing Russia to become the second largest arms producer in the world.
The exhibition comes at a time of heightened tensions in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea, with Beijing deploying more than 100 of its new J-20 fighter jets along its southern coastline and intensifying patrols and training in the South China Sea region, which Washington has seen as a threat that necessitated an extension of the China-related state of emergency.
In this regard, political analyst Gao Jai said that "China is definitely on the defensive" and does not need to take the initiative to attack the United States or any country, adding that "all China's combat preparations are preparations to repel foreign raids and attacks."
However, international concerns about Beijing ’ s reconquest of Taiwan by military force are growing, especially after the Chinese president stressed that he would not rule out the use of force to recover what China sees as an integral part of its territory.
Source: The Island

Feedback and direct comments from countries operating or acquiring the J-10, notably Pakistan, have noted it as a viable alternative to Western-sourced fighters, offering advanced capabilities at a more competitive price.

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Content: Turkey replaces F-16 with Chinese fighter jet
Wednesday 08 March 2023 - 12: 09 GMT
Kagri Erhan, a member of the Security Council and Foreign Policy of the Turkish Presidency, announced that Ankara is expected to abandon its requests for American-made fourth-generation F-16C / D fighter jets due to the availability of a better alternative.
World - Turkey
The Turkish official noted that the “$20 billion cost package ” and the availability of more cost-effective options, notably the Chinese J-10C, could make such a rollout a reality.
"Now we have other options such as the Chinese plane that was sold to Pakistan, the Russian planes and also the Eurofighter," he said.
According to Miltary Watch, Pakistan began receiving Chinese J-10C fighters in February 2022.
The Chinese fighter is of the same weight as its American counterpart, the F-16, but it is several decades newer with multiple features and performance advantages, especially in terms of armament, flight and flight performance.
It is a lightweight single-engine fighter with low operating cost and improved fifth-generation avionics.
Chinese aircraft also have similar capabilities and in most respects are superior to their American counterparts, in addition to requiring less maintenance needs and much faster delivery time.
Although Turkey is the largest foreign operator of the US F-16, with about 250 in service, which means the new aircraft can be easily integrated with existing training and logistics systems and weapons, China has in the past modified its fighters to be able to operate US weapons at the request of foreign customers.
One of the main advantages of the Chinese fighter is its very low cost compared to its American counterpart, due to the fact that China manufactures large quantities of them, unlike the American.
Turkey ’ s preference for lightweight fighters makes the Chinese single-engine aircraft an effective and pioneering option.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

In 2022, Turkish Security Council member Kagri Erhan stated that Ankara may move away from American F-16C/D fighters and could consider alternatives such as the Chinese plane sold to Pakistan, Russian fighters, or the Eurofighter.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Which country may purchase China's J-10 Fighter as an alternative to the U.S. F-16 Fighters?

The J-10 has therefore enhanced its position as a potential replacement or complement for the F-16 in some markets.

Most J-10 exports to date have been to Pakistan, which has publicly displayed and praised the platform as part of its air force modernization.

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China launches mass production of fifth-generation fighters
© flickr.com / Azhari Zaki SentanuChinese fighter J-20
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China ’ s Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group has announced the start of mass production of the fifth-generation J-20 fighters, according to Milatry Watch.
According to the site, in the last quarter of 2021, the demand from the Chinese People's Liberation Army for Chengdu J-20 fighters increased.
The publication confirms that the J-20 is in the mass production stage and the manufacturer expects standard delivery of combat units to the Chinese military.
The reason for the increase in aircraft production is the creation of the new WS-10B engine.
It is known that the J-20A and J-20B fighters were equipped with the new power plant.
Chinese-made engines replaced Russian engines installed on the first J-20 modifications.
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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistani officials and media have presented the J-10 as evidence of deepening military ties with China, citing advanced avionics and weapons compatibility.

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Content: America and China
Suspected theft of data.
Chinese stealth fighter to compete with US F-22
US experts warn of Chinese spyware on US military industries
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China has successfully built its fifth-generation fighter jets by copying U.S. military technology, and could keep the U.S. military up to speed if more is not done to protect sensitive weapons information.
Acting Undersecretary of Defense for Policy James Anderson said in an interview, “What we do know is that because of espionage efforts, China ’ s J-20 fighters are more advanced than they would be in any other case, and that ’ s the point here. ”
“They ’ ve benefited a lot from their theft over the years, they ’ ve used it well, and they ’ ve come up with a sophisticated fifth-generation fighter, ” Anderson said, noting that“ it ’ s hard to say how it ’ s going to be during actual combat, ” and how the J-20 fighters will face the F-22 Raptor.
The J-20 stealth fighter and the F-22 Raptor fighter
Phantom Fighter
Competing Fighter
China began developing the J-20 in 2008 as part of a plan to design a new fighter that could rival those in the United States.
The aircraft first began flight in 2011, with its introduction into service in 2017.
In 2015, reports about the aircraft ’ s technology and capabilities began to notice similarities with U.S. fighter jets, with the Associated Press reporting that “some of its technologies, it seems, may have come from the United States itself. ”
China now has a fifth-generation stealth fighter, similar to the U.S. F-22, which closed what was once an almost insurmountable gap between the two militaries in terms of technological capabilities, all thanks to continued U.S. intellectual property theft.
The gap between U.S. and Chinese military technology has received renewed focus as tensions between the two countries continue to rise and officials continue to discuss a possible invasion of Taiwan, which could include a U.S. military response.
Keeping up with American weapons
Matt McInnis, senior fellow at the Institute for the Study of War at the China Program, highlighted “China ’ s focus on the war. ”
“More than almost anything else, ” he said, on acquiring jet engine technology after struggling for decades to keep up with American and Western weapons.
“As someone who has watched China for a long time, that ’ s always the joke, ” McInnis said.
Will the Chinese be able to produce their own jet engine?
So, they have slowly been able to become more autonomous in making jet engines for their more advanced aircraft. ”
The drive to “understand the most advanced jet engines ” in the West has remained a driving force for China ’ s espionage mission, according to McInnis.
He referred to the case of Yangon Xu in 2022, a Chinese spy who was convicted of trying to steal trade secrets from several US aerospace companies, including aircraft propeller engine technology.
McInnis also pointed to recent efforts that included recruiting former British pilots to advise and train Chinese Air Force pilots, which provided “another way in which they tried to gain Western technical knowledge. ”
“The Chinese baseline of what the Russians gave them and what they were able to steal from us and European manufacturers has had them narrow the gap to just 10 or 15 years between us and Chinese jet engine technology, whereas before that they were more than 20 to 30 years behind us. ”
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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

The global press and analysts have observed that while the J-10 offers an affordable and capable platform for air forces outside of Western alliances, its success in further export markets remains contingent on performance, support, and geopolitics.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Media commentators have positioned the J-10 among the most significant non-Western fighters but note ongoing scrutiny over China’s ability to develop and sustain advanced jet engines domestically.

While the J-10 is not generally rated at the same level as the F-16 or other top-tier Western fighters, it is recognized for narrowing the gap with Western technology and is reportedly in consideration by countries seeking alternatives to US or Russian fighters.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

The Chengdu J-10 fighter, designed in the 1990s under the "Destroying Project Plan" with chief designer Song Wenchong, first flew in 1998 and entered service in 2003.

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Content: If the J-20 is China ’ s top and most popular fighter, then the J-10C should be given the most expectations, because the CCP believes it is a more competitive fighter in the international arms market in recent years. Although the J-10 was designed in the 1980s, after many improvements and upgrades, it has spawned at least 11 models, and its export model, the J-10C, has gradually opened up the international market. There was a lot of praise in the beginning.
Foreign military analysts believe that after continuous upgrading, the J-10 fighter will be able to use by the 2040s, becoming the United States F-15's most powerful competitor.
The initial design was a 3rd generation fighter architecture, but the constantly upgraded J-10 series has been included in the 4th generation fighter by many experts, it has more than 11 mounting points under the fuselage and wing, and can carry an astonishing number of weapons, including laser-guided missiles, GPS-guided and glide bombs, as well as general air-to-air and ground attack ammunition.
The J-10 was designed by Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (611) and manufactured by Chengdu Aircraft Company. It was designed in the 1990s, when the PLA developed its own fighter aircraft with a program called the "Destroying Project Plan". It was the No. 10 project, hence the name J-10.
The original concept was to extensively use the technology of the 1980s US F-15 and F-16 fighter aircraft and new fighter manufacturing concepts. The chief designer was Song Wenchong, which first flew in 1998 and entered service in 2003.
With a range of 2,500 kilometers and a payload of 1.9 tons, the J-10 has appeared in at least 11 types of aircraft after years of modification on this basis, making it the largest number of derivative aircraft in China.
According to the British Institute for International Strategic Studies (IISS) estimates, the Chinese air force currently has at least 540 J-10s, which can be assembled on a large scale to deal with super large battles.
The "Global Defense" website has carefully analyzed the latest J-10 upgrade to a phased array radar, which can control multiple modes of fire control radar and track 10 targets at the same time. If it is a semi-active radar, it can attack 2 targets at the same time, and if it is an active radar, it can attack 4 targets at the same time.
Analysis pointed out that the ability to track and attack multiple targets at the same time is very important for modern aircraft, and this ability can also be matched to the AN / APG-63 (V1) radar on the F-15.
Later, Boeing again updated the active phased array radar version of the F-15, allowing the F-15 to follow 14 targets simultaneously and attack six of them simultaneously.
This upgrade is said to maintain a nominal advantage over the J-10 fighter that has replaced the active phased array radar.
The upgrade of the J-10 is also the most noteworthy, including the replacement of its domestic engine WS-10B, and the 2018 Zhuhai Air Show was also the first time that the J-10B was equipped with a thrust vector jet engine for a difficult flight performance, which won the attention of many international media and heated discussion on the Internet.
Since then, the WS-10 engine has gradually replaced the Russian AL-31 engine, and some of the J-20 fighters have been switched to the WS-10.
In addition, military experts also noted that the new version of the J-10 also uses a water drop type cockpit cover, allowing the pilot to have a wider and nearly 360-degree all-round view.
Analysts believe that after the radar, fire control, avionics, cockpit covers and engines have been upgraded, the J-10 has the ability to fly into the 2040s, and in recent years began to complete transactions in the international market, proving that nearly 20 years of continuous upgrading and improvement has achieved considerable results, and will also become a very strong international competitor for the United States F-15 fighter.
However, to compare the F-15 with the J-10, some people may think that it is not fair.
Because the F-15 architecture was determined in the late 1960s, it first flew in the early 1970s; in contrast, the J-10 was determined in the early 1980s, and it first flew in the late 1990s.
The theoretical basis of the original design is more than 10 years apart, and the final design is more than 20 years apart.
From the design background difference analysis, the F-15 is a high thrust ratio, low wing load, low resistance high-speed air superiority fighter designed by the US military according to the experience of the Vietnam War and the failure of the F-4 Phantom fighter. Air and ground attack aircraft.
Therefore, some analysts believe that if we want to compare, J-10 may be more suitable to take the F-16 as the target.
Coupled with the tense situation in the Taiwan Strait in recent years, there are more and more people are more concerned about the comparison of the J-10 and Taiwan's main air force fighter F-16.
Source: Headlines Revealed on Facebook.com
# J-10 # fighter # J-20 # F-15 # Chengdu Aircraft Company

Following service with other Chinese fighters like the Su-27SK, Su-30MKK, and J-11, the J-10 has formed a high-low mix within China’s air combat capabilities.

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Content: Chinese Army J-10 Crossing the Strait Central Line Ministry of Defense: Strict Monitoring of Missiles
Reporters Lu Chiung-chang / reporting from Taipei
The Ministry of Defense said that since 0600 hours yesterday (8) to 0600 hours, six sorties (including one over the middle line of the strait) and three ships have been detected, and activities around the Taiwan Strait have continued.
The military uses mission aircraft, ships and shore missile systems to closely monitor and respond.
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According to the plan released by the Ministry of Defense, the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered the airspace around the Taiwan Strait, and one of the PLA's J-10 fighters crossed the northern end of the Strait Central Line and immediately turned back.
In the 1980s, Israel Aerospace (IAI) developed the Lavi based on the F-16, but production was canceled due to opposition from the United States.
Since then, Chengdu Aircraft Company has cooperated with Lion to develop new fighters. Although Israel and China ended cooperation after 1989, Chengdu Aircraft Company continued to develop and develop the J-10A in 1998, and completed the test flight of the J-10A, and completed mass production two years later.
The J-10A adopts a single engine, a single vertical tail, and a single wing pneumatic configuration in the dual delta wing, which is characterized by excellent high altitude and high speed performance, and the front delta wing can improve the maneuverability of medium and low altitude, which can effectively shorten the take-off and landing distance.
J-10 fighter after service with Su-27SK, Su-30MKK, J-11 and other fighters formed a high and low match. Although the price of the J-10A is only half that of the F-16, but due to poor reliability, the supporting domestic engine development into a bottleneck, resulting in poor export performance.
After the production of the J-10A, Chengdu Aircraft Company started a performance improvement and improvement program in 2004, and the J-10B was successfully tested in December 2008. The J-10B abandoned the rectangular intake channel design and switched to a Rampless integrated intake channel similar to the FC-1, and continued to improve the launch of the J-10C. 2017 In June, the J-10C participated in the 90th anniversary parade of the People's Liberation Army, making its first public appearance, and the J-10C was replaced with an active phased array radar.
The Pakistan Air Force is the only foreign procurement unit of the J-10, ordering 36 J-10CE fighters, and J-10CE is the export model of the J-10C.
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The J-10 has a range of 2,500 kilometers and a payload of 1.9 tons, and multiple modifications have resulted in at least 11 derivative aircraft, making it China’s largest family of derivative jets.

What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

Key features include the ability to track and attack multiple targets simultaneously, comparable to the AN/APG-63(V1) radar of the F-15, and a water drop type cockpit cover for enhanced 360-degree pilot visibility.

Military experts suggest the J-10 is most suitably compared to the American F-16.

Although designed to replace foreign third-generation fighters that China could not import due to technical and economic constraints, the J-10 failed to fully meet some border environment challenges.

Title:

Content: Part 2 【 Blue wins over Blue J-11 】
As the development of the J-10 series failed to meet the challenges of the border environment last week, the Chinese Air Force urgently needed to introduce the third-generation fighter, but due to technical and economic problems, it was unable to import it from the West.
The road to Su-27 is full of thorns.
In 1989, the Soviet Union faced a serious internal crisis and the quagmire of Afghanistan. In May, the leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev visited China and sent a generous gift to restart Sino-Soviet military cooperation. On May 31, 1990, General Liu Huaqing, a former army commander, and General Lin Hu, a deputy commander of the Air Force, led a large military representative. It was the first time in more than 30 years that China and the Soviet Union had exchanged views on the possibility of introducing three generations of Soviet aircraft.
In fact, the first thing the Soviet Union wanted to sell to China was not the Su-27, but the MiG-29.
But the MiG-29 is just a “swallow that can ’ t fly over the Dnieper ”, far less capable than the Sukhoi Design Bureau ’ s all-weather heavy air superiority fighter Su-27, which has a combat radius of up to 1,700 kilometers.
In addition to performing aerial missions, the Su-27 and its improved variants are capable of both land and sea attack functions.
It can be seen that the Chinese military leadership has formed the concept of establishing offensive air power as early as the early 1990s, and this concept has had a profound impact on the flight of China's air force.
Therefore, even though the Soviet Union strongly recommended the MiG-29, China was determined to purchase the Su-27.
The NATO nickname given to the Su-27 and its derivative series of fighters is Flanker.
This led to extremely difficult negotiations between China and the Soviet Union, but in the Chinese effort to fight, also used the Soviet military industry, because the system reform caused many enterprises to pay wages, resulting in internal conflicts between the enterprises, the value of $1.4 billion Su-27 military purchase project was finalized in less than a month.
In December 1990, before the collapse of the Soviet Empire, the Politburo of the Communist Party of China agreed to sell the Su-27 fighter to China, the first time in Soviet military history that it was allowed to export the fighter, and the first time since 1962 that China had imported a major fighter jet from abroad.
On March 4, 1991, the personnel of China and the Soviet Union signed a commercial contract in Moscow, completing the contract negotiation and signing tasks of the Su-27 project ahead of schedule.
It determined the specific content of the future transfer of military technology from the Soviet Union to China and the development of military cooperation between the two militaries.
According to the contract, the Soviet Union will deliver 72 Su-27s to the Chinese Air Force within three years, of which 48 are intended.
On December 25, 1991, the Soviet Union was officially declared extinct, and Yeltsin became the first President of the independent Russian Federation, serving as Prime Minister.
Whether or not the agreements signed with the former Soviet Union can be implemented will have to be renegotiated with the Russian Federation.
In order to save the economic crisis, Yeltsin appointed extremely pro-American "boy gang" officials with First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Geidar and Foreign Minister Kozilev as the core to practice "shock therapy".
The world view and attitude of these people to China is: 1.
The new world order after the Cold War will be centered on the G-7, led by the United States, and Russia ’ s foreign policy must be designed around this core, so it must be integrated into the ranks of democratic countries as soon as possible in order to gain a more reasonable historical and social status. 2.
Russia must strengthen ties with the West, especially the United States, and even with Japan and South Korea to minimize the damage to Russia after China collapses.
Russia has resolutely assumed the great responsibility of guarding China and protecting the vested interests of the West.
Therefore, Gaidar and Kozyrev were strongly opposed to inheriting the Su-27 agreement.
Yeltsin himself attaches great importance to developing friendly and cooperative relations with China, but it is precisely through the strength of the two men that he will promote economic reform and deal with the West to obtain assistance.
Therefore, in order to avoid direct dissatisfaction with him by the "boy gang", General Halchenko, the director of the Aviation Technology Administration of the Military Industry Council, who secretly authorized a visit to China, signed an agreement with China on March 2, 1992, confirming that the Russian Federation will honor the military cooperation agreement and related contracts between the former Soviet Union and China, thus ensuring the smooth operation of the Su-27 aircraft.
On June 27, 1992, the first batch of 12 Su-27 fighters, including 8 SK single-seater and 4 UBK two-seater trainers, took off from Jeddah Airport in Russia's rear Baikal Military District and arrived safely at Wuhu Air Base in Anhui, China at 10: 15 a.m. on the same day. The airport is directly connected to the Wuhu Air Force Base.
From the end of last century to the beginning of this century, the Chinese Air Force imported a total of 78 original Su-27SK series fighters from Russia in three batches.
From the introduction to the innovative J-11 series
In April 1993, China's Central Military Commission approved the introduction of the entire Su-27 production line of the "934 project", began the process of the Su-27 nationalization, the two sides through the negotiations, until December 1996, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Poreenakov visited China, and officially signed an agreement with the Chinese side to introduce the Su-27 production line.
According to the contract, Shenfei built 200 Su-27s over a period of 15 years. The first batch of aircraft was all provided by the Komsomolsk-on-Amor Aircraft Production Complex. Later batches of aircraft were gradually transferred to Chinese production, but Russia still provided all 200 aircraft with engines, radar and electronic equipment, and airborne weapons.
At the end of November 1997, Shenfei received all the drawing materials that met the requirements of domestic production.
In December 2001, Shen Fei completed the task of opening the production line, and since then has the ability to start the production of J-11 from the parts (in addition to the engine and radar are also imported from the original Russian factory).
However, after China and Russia signed an agreement to produce 200 Su-27 fighters, Shenyang Aircraft Company only assembled 105 J-11s in five batches from 1998 to 2006.
During its use, the Chinese Air Force discovered some problems with the Su-27SK fighter.
Since 2001, Shen Fei has started to develop the domestically produced J-11B fighter. Compared with the previously licensed J-11A, the biggest feature of the J-11B is the replacement of domestically produced subsystems with better performance, including a new inertial combined navigation system, fuel system, flight control system, environmental control system and domestically produced 1474 radar.
The head-on detection distance of this type of radar to air targets can reach at least 180 kilometers, and with the use of the fourth-generation PL10 infrared air missile and PL12 missile, the overall performance of the J-11B fighter is at least 1.5 times that of the Su-27SK.
After entering 2010, the J-11B fighter technology became more and more mature, and finally got rid of the dependence on Russia in terms of engines, which also laid the foundation for the birth of the J-15 carrier-based aircraft and the J-16 fighter.
According to external evaluation, the overall performance of the J-16 is equivalent to that of the US F-15E.
The aircraft has a maximum payload of up to 12 tons, equipped with a new generation of domestically produced active electronic scanning phased array radar, and a range of more than 200 kilometers of the Perila-15 air missile, with the J-20, J-10C fighter aircraft, will effectively play the combat potential of this fighter.
After the J-16, the J-16D electronic warfare aircraft was also unveiled at the Zhuhai Air Show on September 28, 2021, which is equipped with a new generation of domestically produced electronic battle pods, electronic intelligence analysis and signal interference devices, and anti-radiation missiles, marking China has become the second country after the United States to develop such an advanced electronic fighter.
Recently reliable news has come out that the J-35 developed by Shen Fei will be equipped with the aircraft carrier Fujian. The J-35 far exceeds the US F-35 in terms of stealth ability, speed, agility and combat radius, and is the world's leading air superiority type, carrier-based fighter, which forms a high and low match with the J-15.
This once again fully demonstrates that the development of the Scout fighter in China has surpassed that of the Russian equivalent.
The Chinese people were lucky to choose the best aircraft platform, combined with China's high-speed progress, derived from the West's avionics technology and composite material technology, to develop a nearly perfect fighter series!
A huge shock to the world!
(The writer is president of the Central American Forum)
※ The above statements do not represent the position of Wangzhong Media Group ※
# Fighter # J-11 # Su 27 # China # Soviet Union

Recent developments include the J-10D prototype, which uses conformal fuel tanks for increased range, and is believed to target Pakistan as a primary export customer.

Title:

Content: The back of the magic modified machine is equipped with the shape of the fuel tank J-10D lock Pakistan order
▲ After the modification of the J-10D exposure, the appearance of the back of the machine made many military fans shout very incongruous.
(Photo / Reprinted from the Mainland website)
Military Center / General Report
A suspected new J-10 prototype has recently been exposed and sparked discussion. In the photo, there is a large chunk on the back of the aircraft, and a flat projection is now added to the back of the original curved aircraft.
The biggest change in this prototype, known as the J-10D, is the use of the back space to install conformal fuel tanks, in order to upgrade the fuel capacity and range, and it is expected to complete a series of magic work will lock Pakistan as the main target for sale.
The exposure of the J-10D prototype is the use of the J-10B / C prototype modified, the appearance of many military fans shouted that the uncoordinated back change will be installed conformal fuel tank, in order to improve the J-10 has been more nervous fuel carrying capacity.
Considering that Pakistan urgently needs a destroyer to undertake a variety of different tasks, it has promoted the further development of the J-10 improvement project on the mainland.
The J-10C.
(Photo / Reprinted from the Mainland website)
"Today 's Headline" columnist "Baiyang observation room" pointed out that no matter what model, the J-10 currently has only two fighting bomb hanging points on the wingtip, two heavy hanging points in the middle of the wing for hanging bombs, and two hanging points on the inner side of the wing and one on the belly for hanging auxiliary fuel tanks, plus four hanging points on the side can carry a pod or a 250 kg bomb. With the F-16, the flying wind and other Western mainstream medium aircraft are incomparable, and even no better than the Narrow Dragon block3, Pakistan has maintained a wait-and-see attitude towards the J-10.
Analysis said that the J-10D now unveiled with the back conformal fuel tank, at least a pair of heavy hanging points in the inner wing can be liberated, for the Pakistan Air Force whether it is to use to hang two CM-400 series of combat missions, or hang some more air bombs to carry out air patrols, can greatly expand the use of J-10D in the country, so that the same as F-16, A really good multi-purpose fighter.
It is expected that after the completion of the conformal tank test, the machine will also make some specific improvements to the loading capacity.
As for this latest exposure of the improved model will not enter the People's Liberation Army Air Force service in the future, the analysis believes that it can not be said that there is no, only that the probability of being fully paved is not high.
Because there are many heavy annihilators and annihilation bombers on the mainland to carry out deep missions, the main task of the J-10 is still to stay in the front-line air defense, and there is obviously not much interest in this kind of improvement that will increase the dead weight and deteriorate the flight performance.
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Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistan became the first confirmed export customer for the latest J-10CE variant, with its acquisition attracting significant foreign media attention to China's indigenous fourth-generation fighter capabilities.

Title:

Content: The Pakistan Air Force has just imported a new J-10CE fighter from China, which has attracted the attention of foreign media to China's self-designed and developed 4-generation fighter.
Foreign media also noted a new discovery that has not been reported in the past: this batch of J-11CEs has a similar gold cockpit cover to the US military F-22, its function should be as a low-visibility coating, indicating that the J-10CEs have been fundamentally improved from the basic 4-generation fighter base.
From the first J-10A fighter put into use in 2005, to the appearance of the most advanced variant of the J-10C in the spring of 2018, the performance of this fighter has been fundamentally improved from the relatively basic fourth-generation fighter.
The most significant improvements include new avionics, network-centric warfare capabilities, helmet sights, and electronic warfare countermeasures, and the combination of AESA radars with the Peri-15 and Peri-10 air-to-air missiles. Although not built around stealth capabilities like the fifth-generation fighter, the J-10C ’ s radar cross section has been significantly reduced.
Pakistan ’ s purchase of the J-10CE is considered more likely to take part in combat than China ’ s own fighter jets, due to repeated clashes along the India-Pakistan border over the years.
As a result, the purchase of Pakistan has raised a lot of concern about the future performance of this fighter.
Foreign media pointed out that one feature of the J-10CE has attracted considerable attention, that is, the fighter's golden cockpit cover, which is very rare on the 4th generation fighter, but has been seen on the J-20 and the American F-22 Raptor fighter.
Under certain lighting conditions, the cockpit cover of the J-10CE is golden yellow due to an indium oxide tin conductive film coating between the optical glass layers.
This color coating is mainly used to scatter radio waves from the cockpit to reduce the radar cross-sectional area of the fighter.
This feature is one of several new technologies introduced by Pakistan, which is also the first country in the region to benefit from the technology. With the J-10CE expected to become the elite fighter in the Pakistan Air Force in the next few years, its golden cockpit cover symbolizes the aircraft ’ s status.
Article source: US media: Pakistan J-10CE has F22 style cockpit cover status is not ordinary
# J-10CE # F-22 # Pakistan # China # Fighter

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Pakistan’s J-10CE features advanced elements such as improved radars, color coatings to reduce radar cross-section, and reportedly favorable feedback regarding performance expectations.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

China’s "Military Technology" magazine and other commentators view the J-10C as the fighter with the greatest export potential in China’s market due to its competitiveness and ongoing improvements.

What has China said about its J-10C Fighter?

It is the most competitive fighter jet in the international arms market in recent years.

An advanced export model of J-10 Fighter

The development of advanced military jet engines, including the turbofan-10C with full authority digital engine control (FADEC) and maximum thrust over 130 kN, has further optimized the J-10 performance.

Title:

Content: Change to "Chinese heart" AVIC industry: J-20 war patrol in the East China Sea has become the norm
▲ CCTV released the official promotional photo of J-20 with Vortex Fan-10C. (Photo / from CCTV, the same below.)
Military Center / General Report
The J-20 fighter of the People's Liberation Army entered service in 2017, making China the second country in the world to independently develop and install the fifth generation fighter after the United States. The official pointed out in recent days that the stealth fighter replaced the "Chinese heart" and the patrol of the East China Sea Police has become a training norm.
It is understood that this "Chinese heart" refers to the new engine turbofan -10C produced in China, which brings greater thrust to the enhanced combustion chamber and greatly improves the acceleration performance of the J-20.
The 71st anniversary of the development of the new China aviation industry and the grand symphonic chorus concert of the new era of aviation power in the new era, "Blue Sky Rite", was held in Beijing on the 12th.
Ren Yukun, chairman of the aviation industry discipline inspection and supervision team and member of the party group, said that since the 18th National Congress, the new China aviation industry has been from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong, and aviation equipment has achieved leapfrog development.
Ren Yukun further pointed out that the J-20 strong army changed the heart of China, and the East China Sea Police patrol became a training norm; the Y-20 large transport aircraft carried out non-war military operations across continents and oceans; and the Z-20 Yilong unmanned aerial vehicles sent desperately needed supplies and also set up a communication bridge, showing that aviation equipment has no substitute for emergency rescue.
According to public information, the J-20 was unveiled at the Zhuhai Air Show in early October 2021, installing two domestic new engine turbofan 10C with jagged tail nozzles, officially announcing the installation of the "China Heart" to foreign officials.
The mainland believes that this latest modified Taihang engine will effectively reduce the various signal characteristics of the aircraft, and its serrated increase of the tail heat flow and cold air contact surface will accelerate the speed of mixing and cooling, and reduce the infrared radiation signal.
The zigzag angle can also reflect radar signals in multiple directions, reducing the radar scattering cross section (RCS) of the tail fuselage.
It is inferred that the turbofan -10C engine uses full weight limited digital control (FADEC) technology to improve the afterburning chamber, and the thrust is larger than the previous AL-31, and the maximum thrust can reach more than 130 kN. This data has been able to meet some of the flight indicators of the J-20A when the project is established, and at the same time, the acceleration performance of the J-20 can be improved under the situation of higher fuel efficiency.
In fact, in order to implement the local homemade plan, the future J-20 will be replaced with the Chinese heart, and the eagerly awaited vortex fan -15 is in the final stage of related aircraft and long-term use tests, and the mainland media speculate that it may be equipped on the J-20 before and after 2025.
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What has Taiwanese meida said about China's J-10 Fighter?

Substantial improvements have been made on it.

Other countries besides Pakistan have not been confirmed as buyers, although the J-10 remains a leading candidate in China’s foreign military sales efforts and is frequently discussed in comparison with Western fighters.

What are the consequences of the problems that China's J-10 Fighters have?

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?

Overall, the J-10 program demonstrates China’s progress in indigenous fighter development, with Pakistan’s acquisition seen as a milestone in its export success but with generally cautious but optimistic commentary in international media about further sales and operational performance.

Which countries' airforces are the purchasers of China's J-10 FIghter?