**Key Sentences Extracted (focused on companies/countries leading in quantum computing, international competition, successes, investments, and learned lessons):**

1.

*A team at the University of Bristol’s Quantum Engineering Technology Labs (QET Labs), in collaboration with researchers at Imperial College London and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, have reduced this simulation time down to just a few months, a speedup factor of around one billion.

*

2.

*He added that the Spectrum AWG cards were chosen as they are becoming the solution of choice for quantum research due to their great analogue performance paired with large memory and high transfer speed onto the card.

*

3.

*Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts.

*

4.

*A team of scientists has devised means for classical computing to mimic a quantum computing with far fewer resources than previously thought.

*

5.

*In this paper, researchers explored the quantum advantage in small molecule drug discovery by substituting each part of MolGAN, an implicit GAN for small molecular graphs, with a variational quantum circuit (VQC), step by step, including as the noise generator, generator with the patch method, and quantum discriminator, comparing its performance with the classical counterpart.

*

6.

*IBM’s Quantum Computing Moves Could Put Industrial Space in Demand.

*

7.

*The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.

*

**Additional summarizing remarks based on extracted content:**

- *Key international players in quantum computing development include academic institutions (e.g., University of Bristol, Imperial College London), major technology companies (e.g., IBM, Hewlett Packard Enterprise), and governmental organizations (e.g., U.S. Department of Energy).

*
- *Collaboration between industry and academia is crucial for accelerating progress in quantum computing.

*
- *Recent research highlights challenges such as whether classical computers can rival quantum systems for certain tasks, questioning the practical quantum advantage.

*
- *Significant investments are coming from both the private sector (notably IBM and HPE) and national governments, especially in the US and UK.

*
- *The field is learning that integrating classical and quantum approaches, as well as flexible hardware and tools, offers practical benefits and advances research capabilities.

*
- *There is growing industrial and governmental interest, with investments in infrastructure and tools supporting quantum computing research and its adoption.

Here are key sentences from the provided text that respond to your request for information on the international competition and status of research in quantum computing, company and country leadership, successes, lessons, and investments:

1.

**"The answers to all these questions are known by one of the most promising young scientists in Russia, the developer of a quantum computer Ilya Semerikov.

"**

2.

**"But for them to be useful, you need not ten qubits, but at least a hundred.

"**

3.

**"And no one can predict the speed of the generation of new ideas.

"**

4.

**"Yes, we have our own ideas for research.

"**

5.

**"It was discussed for a long time, but it was not possible to prove it.

"**

6.

**"This correlation is so strong that it cannot be modeled by any classical mechanism, and this state is a new information resource.

"**

7.

**"Russian scientists have received a patent for the creation of quantum computers"**

8.

**'"A group of scientists from the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) has received a patent for the physical implementation of a quantum computer based on kudites - quantum systems capable of simultaneously being in more than two states," the report said.

'**

9.

**"Harvard has developed a method of storing data using dyes"** (implying ongoing research and breakthroughs at leading international institutions).

**"In order to educate a new employee in such knowledge-intensive areas, it will take from three to five years.

"**

11.

**"But these reserves will be enough for a year or two.

"**

These sentences highlight:
- Russia's active participation in developing quantum computers, including patented technology from the Russian Quantum Center.

- The ongoing breakthroughs and research at top institutions like Harvard.

- The complexity and importance of scaling (the need for "at least a hundred" qubits for usefulness).

- The unpredictability and rapid pace of innovation.

- The long training cycle required for expertise in the field.

- The presence of unique ideas and approaches in Russia and elsewhere.

- That achieving new quantum states is fundamental to quantum information as a resource exclusive from classical systems.

This selection gives students insight into where some current research and innovation are occurring globally, the scale of challenges faced, and the international nature of investment and competition.

Here are the key sentences from your provided text that directly relate to the status of quantum computing research, international competition, and major achievements or investments in the field:

1.

**Quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin have achieved a significant breakthrough by simulating superdiffusion in a system of interacting quantum particles on a quantum computer.

**

2.

**The Shaheen 3 supercomputer, set to be 20 times faster than the current system, is the most powerful supercomputing system in the Middle East to address critical areas that have an impact on society and the environment.

**

3.

**At the moment, this technology is not ready for use yet, but with further development it will become the most important way to probe the material.

**

Other sentences in the text are either unrelated to quantum computing, focus on other scientific or technological domains, or discuss general advances in mathematics and modeling rather than the international landscape or competition in quantum computing.

The selected sentences mention a quantum computing research breakthrough, advanced computing capacity in the Middle East (supercomputers are often used for quantum computing simulation and research), and candid assessment of the maturity and future potential of quantum technology.

Here are the **key sentences** relevant to your information request about the current status, international competition, company and country leadership, investment, and progress in quantum computing, extracted from the provided text:

1.

**The research team composed of Pan Jianwei, Lu Chaoyang, Liu Naile and other researchers, in cooperation with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, recently successfully built 113 photon 144 mode of quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapter 2", solving Gaussian Bose sampling mathematical problems 10 times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer.

**

2.

**In October this year, the CAS team built the "Nine Chapter Two", once again refreshing the international technical level of light quantum manipulation.

**

3.

**In recent years, the government has actively promoted the development of innovation and technology, and invested a lot of resources to support and absorb scientific research talents.

**

4.

**It is reported that Singapore quantum computing startup Horizon Quantum Computing has recently announced that it has raised $18.1 million in Series A investment from institutions including Sequoia India, Tencent, SGInnovate, Pappas Capital and Expeditions Fund.

**

5.

**Recently, Huawei signed a cooperation agreement with three Hubei universities, namely Central South University of Nationalities, Wuhan Engineering University and Hubei University of Technology, to build the first batch of “Kunpeng & Shengteng Production Education Integration Education Base”, which provides native talents and intellectual support for key core areas of China’s computing industry.

**

6.

**At the time, the best result in academia was 10 photon entanglement, which was a job no one had ever dabbled in.

**

**Summary of lessons and investment:**
- **China is achieving notable breakthroughs in photonic quantum computing and heavily investing in research infrastructure and talent development.

**
- **Singapore is also active, with Horizon Quantum Computing raising substantial investments, involving both regional and international funding sources.

**
- **Chinese companies such as Huawei are deeply involved in building educational and research bases to foster native quantum technology talent.

**

These sentences and summary provide a snapshot of the international landscape in quantum computing leadership, investment, and lessons learned.

**Key Sentences Extracted (focused on companies/countries leading in quantum computing, international competition, successes, investments, and learned lessons):**

1.

Title:

Content: BYLINE: Marguerite Huber

Newswise — Kate Keahey, an Argonne computer scientist, helped popularize the use of cloud computing and cofounded a journal recognizing software’s achievements.

Kate Keahey has carved a path for herself as an innovator in the computer science field. Whether it is creating one of the first application projects popularizing the use of cloud computing or cofounding a journal that publishes software instead of scientific results, her contributions have been plentiful.

Keahey is a computer scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory and senior fellow at the University of Chicago’s Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering. After receiving her Ph.D. in computer science from Indiana University and working at DOE’s Los Alamos National Laboratory, Keahey joined Argonne in 2001.

“At the time, Nimbus was revolutionary. It changed what was possible for science completely. Cloud computing did not exist at that point, and it was one of the earliest infrastructures that ushered in the idea of using remote virtualized resources.” — Kate Keahey, computer scientist, Argonne National Laboratory

She joined the team of fellow Argonne computer scientist Ian Foster to work on grid computing — where computers in different locations, connected by networks into a computational grid, work together to process information. They found that using remote computing resources had great potential, but the biggest obstacle was that the resources were typically configured for their local in-person users. Remote, outside users needed a different configuration.

This led to the creation of Nimbus, which was released for production use in 2005. Keahey led the team, developing a toolkit to convert a physical computer cluster into a remote cloud. This created a network of on-demand computing resources connected to the internet with the ability to produce scientific results faster than before.

“At the time, it was revolutionary. It changed what was possible for science completely. Cloud computing did not exist at that point, and it was one of the earliest infrastructures that ushered in the idea of using remote virtualized resources,” explained Keahey.

Keahey’s current project, Chameleon, is a reconfigurable, experimental platform for edge-to-cloud computing research. Edge computing is done either on-site or close to the data source for more efficiency. Funded by the National Science Foundation, Chameleon has been running since 2014 and has served a community of over 6,000 users, supporting almost 1,000 research and education projects.

Just like how a microscope is a scientific instrument supporting research in biology, Chameleon is a scientific instrument supporting research in computer science. For example, researchers who want to compare the performance of different storage solutions are able to deploy their benchmarks on nodes configured with myriad storage options. It is an important resource for computer scientists who would otherwise not have a place to test their ideas.

“Not every university and laboratory can have every piece of computer hardware that scientists want to experiment with,” said Keahey. “Chameleon gives them access that is as good as if the computer was sitting on their desk — this really levels the playing field, especially for scientists and institutions that could not afford to buy expensive resources. And there is another kind of magic that happens when every scientist has access to the same hardware: They can repeat or reproduce each other’s experiments. This is something that we are working hard to foster.”

Not long after Chameleon launched, Keahey took on another undertaking as cofounder and co-editor-in-chief of the SoftwareX journal in 2015.

The journal was founded with an explicit focus to recognize software achievements. Instead of publishing scientific results, SoftwareX publishes software as a scientific instrument. It helps recognize the contributions to science made by software projects, of which there are a lot.

“Today software is behind almost all scientific results, but historically, people tend to be dismissive of software’s contribution to science,” said Keahey. “Another way to say this is that they don’t give scientific software instruments the credit they deserve.”

To demonstrate software’s impact on science, Keahey led a special issue on software that contributed to the detection of the gravitational wave, which is an incredibly fast, invisible ripple in space.

“It was fascinating to document the various different ways in which software is inherently a part of the chain of discovery,” explained Keahey. “Over the course of three decades, software was used to design the detectors, as part of the operations, and finally to process the data and obtain results.”

If that is not enough, Keahey has found herself a new instrument to build, one that takes computing out of the data center and into the field.

“Our users were increasingly interested in exploring these types of research questions,” said Keahey. “So, we extended Chameleon to provide an edge testbed.”

Together with Nick Feamster, a colleague at the UChicago and networking expert, Kate conceived a new project. It will deploy over 1,000 edge devices over the city of Chicago and university campuses to evaluate the quality of access networks, a type of telecommunications network that connects subscribers to their immediate service provider, such as ethernet.

“This is an exciting new area for us,” said Keahey. “You can imagine all sorts of explorations now that were beyond reach before.”

Argonne National Laboratory seeks solutions to pressing national problems in science and technology. The nation’s first national laboratory, Argonne conducts leading-edge basic and applied scientific research in virtually every scientific discipline. Argonne researchers work closely with researchers from hundreds of companies, universities, and federal, state and municipal agencies to help them solve their specific problems, advance America’s scientific leadership and prepare the nation for a better future. With employees from more than 60 nations, Argonne is managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit https://energy.gov/science.

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

*A team at the University of Bristol’s Quantum Engineering Technology Labs (QET Labs), in collaboration with researchers at Imperial College London and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, have reduced this simulation time down to just a few months, a speedup factor of around one billion.

Title:

Content: Newswise — Quantum researchers at the University of Bristol have dramatically reduced the time to simulate an optical quantum computer, with a speedup of around one billion over previous approaches.

Quantum computers promise exponential speedups for certain problems, with potential applications in areas from drug discovery to new materials for batteries. But quantum computing is still in its early stages, so these are long-term goals. Nevertheless, there are exciting intermediate milestones on the journey to building a useful device. One currently receiving a lot of attention is “quantum advantage”, where a quantum computer performs a task beyond the capabilities of even the world’s most powerful supercomputers.

Experimental work from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) was the first to claim quantum advantage using photons - particles of light, in a protocol called "Gaussian Boson Sampling" (GBS). Their paper claimed that the experiment, performed in 200 seconds, would take 600 million years to simulate on the world's largest supercomputer.

Taking up the challenge, a team at the University of Bristol’s Quantum Engineering Technology Labs (QET Labs), in collaboration with researchers at Imperial College London and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, have reduced this simulation time down to just a few months, a speedup factor of around one billion.

Their paper “The boundary for quantum advantage in Gaussian boson sampling”, published today in the journal Science Advances, comes at a time when other experimental approaches claiming quantum advantage, such as from the quantum computing team at Google, are also leading to improved classical algorithms for simulating these experiments.

Joint first author Jake Bulmer, PhD student in QET Labs, said: “There is an exciting race going on where, on one side, researchers are trying to build increasingly complex quantum computing systems which they claim cannot be simulated by conventional computers. At the same time, researchers like us are improving simulation methods so we can simulate these supposedly impossible to simulate machines!”

“As researchers develop larger scale experiments, they will look to make claims of quantum advantage relative to classical simulations. Our results will provide an essential point of comparison by which to establish the computational power of future GBS experiments,” said joint first author, Bryn Bell, Marie Curie Research Fellow at Imperial College London, now Senior Quantum Engineer at Oxford Quantum Circuits.

The team’s methods do not exploit any errors in the experiment and so one next step for the research is to combine their new methods with techniques that exploit the imperfections of the real-world experiment. This would further speed up simulation time and build a greater understanding of which areas require improvements.

“These quantum advantage experiments represent a tremendous achievement of physics and engineering. As a researcher, it is exciting to contribute to the understanding of where the computational complexity of these experiments arises. We were surprised by the magnitude of the improvements we achieved – it is not often that you can claim to find a one-billion-fold improvement!” said Jake Bulmer.

Anthony Laing, co-Director of QET Labs and an author on the work, said: “As we develop more sophisticated quantum computing technologies, this type of work is vital. It helps us understand the bar we must get over before we can begin to solve problems in clean energy and healthcare that affect us all. The work is a great example of teamwork and collaboration among researchers in the UK Quantum Computing and Simulation Hub and Hewlett Packard Enterprise.”

Further information

The Quantum Engineering Technology Labs (QET Labs) The QET Labs at the University of Bristol launched in April 2015 and encompass the activity of over 100 academics, staff and students. The aim is to maximise opportunities for new scientific discoveries that underpin engineering and technology development. The QET Labs bring together the Quantum Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training (QE-CDT), the Quantum Technology Enterprise Centre (QTEC) and the research teams of their staff and students. Working together, we aim to transform science into real concept demonstrators and entrepreneurial innovation that will be the springboard for the commercial success of quantum technologies.

Bristol Quantum Information Institute

Quantum information and its translation into technologies is one of the most exciting research activities in science and technology today. Long at the forefront of the growing worldwide activity in this area, the Bristol Quantum Information Institute crystallises our research across the entire spectrum, from theory to technology. With our expert cross-disciplinary team, including founders of the field, we have expertise in all major areas of theoretical quantum information science and in experiment. We foster partnerships with the private sector and provide superb teaching and training for the future generation of quantum scientists and engineers and the prototypes of tomorrow.

The Quantum Computing & Simulation Hub

The Quantum Computing & Simulation Hub (QCS) is a collaboration between 17 UK universities, working with an extensive network of academic, industrial, and governmental partners. It is one of four hubs in the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme, which represents £1 billion of public and private investment to accelerate the translation of quantum technologies into the marketplace. The Hub is focused on the critical research challenges for quantum computing, across a broad range of hardware and software disciplines. As well as addressing the technical challenges in providing quantum computing and simulation at scale, the Hub engages with industries, end users, government, and citizens to help the UK become ‘quantum ready’. For more information visit https://www.qcshub.org

MEDIA CONTACT
Register for reporter access to contact details
CITATIONS

Science Advances

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

*

2.

Title:

Content: 03-08-2024

Revolutionizing aerodynamics and emissions with new AI deep learning tool

The field of aerodynamics, crucial for the development of planes, cars, and ships, is witnessing a transformative phase thanks to deep learning tools. These advancements have made vehicles more fuel-efficient and structurally sophisticated.

A groundbreaking computational model, leveraging neural network architecture, is setting new benchmarks in the reproduction of airflow dynamics, offering precise predictions with notable savings in time, cost, and energy.

Simplifying aerodynamics with deep learning

Developed by researchers from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in collaboration with experts from the U.S. and Spain, and published in Nature Communications, this deep learning model stands out for its accuracy in predicting aerodynamic drag while minimizing computational expenses.

Its simplicity, derived from data from more complex simulations, embodies the essence of a reduced order model (ROM). This approach maintains critical features of complex models while discarding trivial details, aiming to streamline computational processes without sacrificing precision.

Ricardo Vinuesa, the leading researcher and an associate professor of fluid mechanics at KTH, emphasized the importance of efficiency in design engineering.

“The ability to run numerous scenarios at a low computational cost is crucial,” he stated. This model, according to Vinuesa, allows for accurate predictions across a wide range of scenarios, thus enhancing the engineering design process.

Neural networks leading the charge

What sets this deep learning aerodynamics model apart is its utilization of neural networks, transcending the traditional linear computational methods that have long been the norm in engineering predictions.

Neural networks, inspired by the human brain’s functioning, offer a dynamic way to learn and map complex relationships between inputs and outputs. This is particularly advantageous in the challenging task of modeling air friction near the surfaces of vehicles like airplane wings or train engines.

“We can now predict changes in the airflow around an airplane wing more accurately,” Vinuesa noted. “This allows for better control over the flow to reduce drag, and subsequently, to enhance the aerodynamic design of the wing.”

The model boasts an ability to retain over 90% of the original physics involved in flow predictions with significantly less computational complexity compared to traditional linear models.

Deep learning and precise aerodynamics design

Vinuesa pointed out that linear models, such as proper-orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic-mode decomposition (DMD), offer a simplistic representation of predictions. In contrast, the neural network-based model captures the complexities of reality far more accurately.

“Reality is more complicated than straight lines and planes. Our model, by moving beyond these linear constraints, achieves better predictions,” he explained.

The implications of reducing aerodynamic drag are profound, not just for the efficiency of vehicles but also for the environment.

“Aerodynamic control could potentially reduce drag by 20, 30, or even 50 percent,” Vinuesa asserted. Such reductions could significantly impact global emissions, contributing to a more sustainable future and helping mitigate climate change.

The environmental and economic benefits of this deep learning technology are vast, marking a significant step forward in the pursuit of greener and more efficient transportation solutions through aerodynamics. By integrating deep learning into aerodynamic engineering, researchers are refining the design and efficiency of vehicles and contributing to a more sustainable world.

Mechanics behind deep learning

At its core, deep learning relies on neural networks, which are inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. These networks consist of layers of nodes, or “neurons,” each designed to perform specific tasks. Data passes through these layers, with each one extracting and refining features, enabling the system to make increasingly sophisticated decisions.

Power of data and computation

The effectiveness of deep learning is directly tied to the availability of vast amounts of data and significant computational power. By feeding these neural networks large datasets, we equip them to recognize patterns and nuances that would be imperceptible to human analysts or traditional computing methods.

The evolution of hardware and cloud computing resources has played a crucial role in the feasibility and success of deep learning applications. A perfect example of deep learning in action is the EarthSnap app, which uses an extensive deep learning image recognition model.

Transforming industries and everyday life

Revolutionizing Vision and Language

Deep learning has been instrumental in advancing computer vision and natural language processing (NLP), allowing machines to interpret images, videos, and human language with remarkable accuracy. This technology powers the facial recognition systems in smartphones, the voice assistants in our homes, and the language translation services we rely on to bridge communication gaps across the globe.

Innovating Healthcare

In healthcare, deep learning algorithms analyze medical images, helping doctors diagnose diseases earlier and with greater precision. These models also predict patient outcomes, tailor treatments to individual needs, and unlock new insights from vast repositories of medical data, heralding a new age of personalized medicine.

Enhancing Automation and Robotics

Deep learning drives the autonomy in robotics and vehicles, enabling self-driving cars to navigate complex environments and robots to perform intricate tasks alongside humans. This leap in capability promises to reshape logistics, manufacturing, and urban mobility, making them safer, more efficient, and less reliant on human intervention.

Navigating challenges and ethical considerations

Addressing Bias and Transparency

Despite its immense potential, deep learning faces challenges such as data bias and the opacity of decision-making processes. Efforts are underway to create more transparent and explainable AI systems that uphold ethical standards and mitigate unintended consequences, ensuring that these technologies benefit society as a whole.

The Future of Work and Society

As deep learning continues to evolve, it raises important questions about the future of work, privacy, and the role of humans in an increasingly automated world. Proactively addressing these concerns is crucial to harnessing the benefits of deep learning while safeguarding individual rights and societal values.

Moving towards a smarter tomorrow with AI

In summary, dep learning stands at the forefront of a technological revolution, offering unparalleled opportunities to enhance human capabilities and improve quality of life.

As we continue to explore the depths of this powerful tool, the collaboration between AI researchers, industry leaders, and policymakers will be vital in steering its development toward positive and equitable outcomes.

The journey of deep learning is far from complete, but its impact on the world is undeniable, promising a future where technology and human ingenuity converge to solve some of our most pressing challenges.

The full study was published in the journal Nature Communications.

—–

Like what you read? Subscribe to our newsletter for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.

Check us out on EarthSnap, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

—–

News coming your way
The biggest news about our planet delivered to you each day

*He added that the Spectrum AWG cards were chosen as they are becoming the solution of choice for quantum research due to their great analogue performance paired with large memory and high transfer speed onto the card.

Title:

Content: University Kaiserslautern fast tracks Quantum Computer development with new DDS firmware option

Graduate physicist Jonas Witzenrath at the quantum experimental setup of University Kaiserslautern, Germany

The acousto-optic deflector (AOD, red arrow) splits one laser beam into many controllable single beams which catch and hold the atoms

Widely used by quantum researchers around the word: The M4i.6631-x8 Arbitrary Waveform Generator with 1.25 GS/s sampling speed, 16-bit resolution and 2 channels

AWG cards by Spectrum Instrumentation used to position atoms as qubits in an optical tweezer array

Spectrum AWG cards were chosen as they are becoming the solution of choice for quantum research due to their great analogue performance paired with large memory and high transfer speed onto the card.”
— Dipl.-Phys. Jonas Witzenrath
GROSSHANSDORF, GERMANY, June 12, 2024 /EINPresswire.com/ -- There are many ways to build a Quantum Computer (QC) and RPTU Kaiserslautern’s approach within the Rymax One collaboration is to create an array of single atoms that act as qubits. The challenge is moving and holding each atom in its precise location. This is done by using a laser on each atom that traps it into the center of the laser beam effectively acting as an optical tweezer. However, point-by-point programming of each movement of the beam currently requires a lot of programming and a huge amount of data. This has now been cut dramatically with the use of the new Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) firmware option from Spectrum Instrumentation so that the position of the lasers can be controlled with a few simple commands that define the start and stop parameters instead of making time consuming, large data array calculations.

Dipl.-Phys. Jonas Witzenrath said, “This is making a huge difference to the progress of our research. Using the new DDS option, we have been able to make rapid progress and reduce the complexity in the system allowing us to focus on advancing the research. The next step is to do the reordering of atoms in a static two-dimensional array using the dynamic capabilities of the DDS-firmware." Furthermore, in the next phase, they will use the AWGs to shape ideal UV laser pulses for precisely controlling interactions between qubits.

“DDS has become a vital tool in our project and we are finding that it can actually be used in other things in the lab as it is very flexible and can be used for other functions so we don’t have to buy dedicated equipment for them. For example, pulsed lasers, chirp generation, etc. We worked very closely with Spectrum to develop this DDS feature and are now working on expanding its possible uses in research so that it can help other laboratories.”

He added that the Spectrum AWG cards were chosen as they are becoming the solution of choice for quantum research due to their great analogue performance paired with large memory and high transfer speed onto the card. The latter is crucial as the experiment has to pause until the re-ordering waveforms are computed and uploaded onto the cards. The transfer speed sets the Spectrum AWG cards apart from other products and that is the main reason why they are widely used in the AMO/QC community. The speed of the card’s operation was also very important. Fast AWGs have the intrinsic problem of latencies on the order of tens of milliseconds or large jitter which results in inaccuracies and longer processing times as the system corrects and recorrects. The DDS firmware enables Spectrum’s AWGs to generate commands within twenty microsecond and, due to the intrinsic timing, the commands are practically jitter-free.

In one example experiment, the Spectrum Instrumentation AWG card M4i.6631-x8 is used to drive an AOD (Acousto-Optic Deflector) that generates a tweezer to trap the atoms. The AOD is driven with an RF-signal with a frequency around 82 MHz. With their current setup, a change of 1 MHz moves the tweezer with an atom by about 8 μm within 100 μs, using s-shaped frequency ramps to minimize heating. During this time, the amplitude of the signal is linearly changed to compensate for changes in light intensity.

The DDS firmware option
DDS is a method for generating arbitrary periodic sine waves from a single, fixed-frequency reference clock. It is a technique widely used in a variety of signal generation applications. The new option by Spectrum Instrumentation allows users to define 23 DDS cores per AWG card, that can be routed to the hardware output channels. Each DDS core (sine wave) can be programmed for frequency, amplitude, phase, frequency slope and amplitude slope. The DDS output can be synchronized with external trigger events or by a programmable timer with a resolution of 6.4 ns.

In DDS-mode, the AWG acts as a generator for the multi-tone DDS signal. The unit’s built-in 4 GByte of memory and fast DMA transfer mode then allows the streaming of DDS commands at a rate as high as 10 million commands per second! This unique capability provides the flexibility to perform user-defined slopes (e.g. s-shaped) as well as various modulation types (e.g. FM and AM) with simple, easy-to-use, DDS commands.

The Rymax One QC design
Since 2021, Spectrum Instrumentation and the University Kaiserslautern have been part of the BMBF (German federal ministry of education and research) funding program ‘quantum technologies – from basic research to market’ as part of the Rymax One consortium. The aim of this consortium is building a Quantum Optimizer. For this purpose, individual Ytterbium atoms are suspended in a vacuum in a Rydberg state using optical tweezers. The Rymax collaboration specifically focuses on quantum optimization problems, such as the Maximum Independent Set problem, and algorithms such QAOA or quantum annealing to find solutions. This allows them to build optimized hardware for “analog” quantum computing. One key-aspect of the design is dynamic control over (UV-)laser light, for which full control over the different RF-signals is required. This is where Spectrum Instrumentation’s long-standing expertise is valuable.

Sven Harnisch
Spectrum Instrumentation
+49 4102 69560
info@spec.de
Visit us on social media:
LinkedIn

*

3.

Title:

Content: New! Sign up for our free email newsletter.
Science News
from research organizations

Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts

Researchers adopt innovative method to boost speed and accuracy of traditional computing

Date:
February 9, 2024
Source:
New York University
Summary:
A team of scientists has devised means for classical computing to mimic a quantum computing with far fewer resources than previously thought. The scientists' results show that classical computing can be reconfigured to perform faster and more accurate calculations than state-of-the-art quantum computers.
Share:
FULL STORY

Quantum computing has been hailed as a technology that can outperform classical computing in both speed and memory usage, potentially opening the way to making predictions of physical phenomena not previously possible.

Many see quantum computing's advent as marking a paradigm shift from classical, or conventional, computing. Conventional computers process information in the form of digital bits (0s and 1s), while quantum computers deploy quantum bits (qubits) to store quantum information in values between 0 and 1. Under certain conditions this ability to process and store information in qubits can be used to design quantum algorithms that drastically outperform their classical counterparts. Notably, quantum's ability to store information in values between 0 and 1 makes it difficult for classical computers to perfectly emulate quantum ones.

However, quantum computers are finicky and have a tendency to lose information. Moreover, even if information loss can be avoided, it is difficult to translate it into classical information -- which is necessary to yield a useful computation.

Classical computers suffer from neither of those two problems. Moreover, cleverly devised classical algorithms can further exploit the twin challenges of information loss and translation to mimic a quantum computer with far fewer resources than previously thought -- as recently reported in a research paper in the journal PRX Quantum.

The scientists' results show that classical computing can be reconfigured to perform faster and more accurate calculations than state-of-the-art quantum computers.

This breakthrough was achieved with an algorithm that keeps only part of the information stored in the quantum state -- and just enough to be able to accurately compute the final outcome.

"This work shows that there are many potential routes to improving computations, encompassing both classical and quantum approaches," explains Dries Sels, an assistant professor in New York University's Department of Physics and one of the paper's authors. "Moreover, our work highlights how difficult it is to achieve quantum advantage with an error-prone quantum computer."

In seeking ways to optimize classical computing, Sels and his colleagues at the Simons Foundation focused on a type of tensor network that faithfully represents the interactions between the qubits. Those types of networks have been notoriously hard to deal with, but recent advances in the field now allow these networks to be optimized with tools borrowed from statistical inference.

The authors compare the work of the algorithm to the compression of an image into a JPEG file, which allows large images to be stored using less space by eliminating information with barely perceivable loss in the quality of the image.

"Choosing different structures for the tensor network corresponds to choosing different forms of compression, like different formats for your image," says the Flatiron Institute's Joseph Tindall, who led the project. "We are successfully developing tools for working with a wide range of different tensor networks. This work reflects that, and we are confident that we will soon be raising the bar for quantum computing even further."

The work was supported by the Flatiron Institute and a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-21-1-0236).

Story Source:

Materials provided by New York University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference:

  1. Joseph Tindall, Matthew Fishman, E. Miles Stoudenmire, Dries Sels. Efficient Tensor Network Simulation of IBM’s Eagle Kicked Ising Experiment. PRX Quantum, 2024; 5 (1) DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.5.010308

Cite This Page:

New York University. "Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 9 February 2024. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/02/240209134402.htm>.
New York University. (2024, February 9). Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 9, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/02/240209134402.htm
New York University. "Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/02/240209134402.htm (accessed February 9, 2024).

Explore More
from ScienceDaily

RELATED STORIES

*Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts.

*

4.

Title:

Content: New! Sign up for our free email newsletter.
Science News
from research organizations

A novel machine learning model for the characterization of material surfaces

Date:
April 12, 2024
Source:
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Summary:
Machine learning (ML) enables the accurate and efficient computation of fundamental electronic properties of binary and ternary oxide surfaces, as shown by scientists. Their ML-based model could be extended to other compounds and properties. The present research findings can aid in the screening of surface properties of materials as well as in the development of functional materials.
Share:
FULL STORY

Machine learning (ML) enables the accurate and efficient computation of fundamental electronic properties of binary and ternary oxide surfaces, as shown by scientists. Their ML-based model could be extended to other compounds and properties. The present research findings can aid in the screening of surface properties of materials as well as in the development of functional materials.

The design and development of novel materials with superior properties demands a comprehensive analysis of their atomic and electronic structures. Electron energy parameters such as ionization potential (IP), the energy needed to remove an electron from the valence band maximum, and electron affinity (EA), the amount of energy released upon the attachment of an electron to the conduction band minimum, reveal important information about the electronic band structure of surfaces of semiconductors, insulators, and dielectrics. The accurate estimation of IPs and EAs in such nonmetallic materials can indicate their applicability for use as functional surfaces and interfaces in photosensitive equipment and optoelectronic devices.

Additionally, IPs and EAs depend significantly on the surface structures, which adds another dimension to the complex procedure of their quantification. Traditional computation of IPs and EAs involves the use of accurate first-principles calculations, where the bulk and surface systems are separately quantified. This time-consuming process prevents quantifying IPs and EAs for many surfaces, which necessitates the use of computationally efficient approaches.

To address the wide-ranging issues affecting the quantification of IPs and EAs of nonmetallic solids, a team of scientists from Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), led by Professor Fumiyasu Oba, have turned their focus towards machine learning (ML). Their research findings have been published in theJournal of the American Chemical Society.

Prof. Oba shares the motivation behind the present research, "In recent years, ML has gained a lot of attention in materials science research. The ability to virtually screen materials based on ML technology is a very efficient way to explore novel materials with superior properties. Also, the ability to train large datasets using accurate theoretical calculations allows for the successful prediction of important surface characteristics and their functional implications."

The researchers employed an artificial neural network to develop a regression model, incorporating the smooth overlap of atom positions (SOAPs) as numerical input data. Their model accurately and efficiently predicted the IPs and EAs of binary oxide surfaces by using the information on bulk crystal structures and surface termination planes.

Moreover, the ML-based prediction model could 'transfer learning,' a scenario where a model developed for a particular purpose can be made to incorporate newer datasets and reapplied for additional tasks. The scientists included the effects of multiple cations in their model by developing 'learnable' SOAPs and predicted the IPs and EAs of ternary oxides using transfer learning.

Prof. Oba concludes by saying, "Our model is not restricted to the prediction of surface properties of oxides but can be extended to study other compounds and their properties."

Story Source:

Materials provided by Tokyo Institute of Technology. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference:

  1. Shin Kiyohara, Yoyo Hinuma, Fumiyasu Oba. Band Alignment of Oxides by Learnable Structural-Descriptor-Aided Neural Network and Transfer Learning. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2024; 146 (14): 9697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13574

Cite This Page:

Tokyo Institute of Technology. "A novel machine learning model for the characterization of material surfaces." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 12 April 2024. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240412113453.htm>.
Tokyo Institute of Technology. (2024, April 12). A novel machine learning model for the characterization of material surfaces. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 12, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240412113453.htm
Tokyo Institute of Technology. "A novel machine learning model for the characterization of material surfaces." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240412113453.htm (accessed April 12, 2024).

Explore More

from ScienceDaily

RELATED STORIES

*A team of scientists has devised means for classical computing to mimic a quantum computing with far fewer resources than previously thought.

*

5.

*In this paper, researchers explored the quantum advantage in small molecule drug discovery by substituting each part of MolGAN, an implicit GAN for small molecular graphs, with a variational quantum circuit (VQC), step by step, including as the noise generator, generator with the patch method, and quantum discriminator, comparing its performance with the classical counterpart.

Title:

Content:
This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

peer-reviewed publication

trusted source

proofread

Study combines quantum computing and generative AI for drug discovery

Insilico Medicine, a clinical stage generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven drug discovery company, today announced that it combined two rapidly developing technologies, quantum computing and generative AI, to explore lead candidate discovery in drug development and successfully demonstrated the potential advantages of quantum generative adversarial networks in generative chemistry.

The study, published in the Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, was led by Insilico's Taiwan and UAE centers which focus on pioneering and constructing breakthrough methods and engines with rapidly developing technologies—including generative AI and —to accelerate drug discovery and development.

The research was supported by University of Toronto Acceleration Consortium director Alán Aspuru-Guzik, Ph.D., and scientists from the Hon Hai (Foxconn) Research Institute.

"This was a very fun project," said Alán Aspuru-Guzik, director of the Acceleration Consortium and professor of computer science and chemistry at the University of Toronto. "It sets the stage for further developments in AI as it meets drug discovery. This is a global collaboration where Foxconn, Insilico, Zapata Computing, and University of Toronto are working together."

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are one of the most successful generative models in drug discovery and design and have shown remarkable results for generating data that mimics a data distribution in different tasks. The classic GAN model consists of a generator and a discriminator. The generator takes random noises as input and tries to imitate the data distribution, and the discriminator tries to distinguish between the fake and real samples. A GAN is trained until the discriminator cannot distinguish the generated data from the real data.

In this paper, researchers explored the quantum advantage in small molecule drug discovery by substituting each part of MolGAN, an implicit GAN for small molecular graphs, with a variational quantum circuit (VQC), step by step, including as the noise generator, generator with the patch method, and quantum discriminator, comparing its performance with the classical counterpart.

The study not only demonstrated that the trained quantum GANs can generate training-set-like molecules by using the VQC as the noise generator, but that the quantum generator outperforms the classical GAN in the drug properties of generated compounds and the goal-directed benchmark.

In addition, the study showed that the quantum discriminator of GAN with only tens of learnable parameters can generate valid molecules and outperforms the classical counterpart with tens of thousands parameters in terms of generated molecule properties and KL-divergence score.

"Quantum computing is recognized as the next technology breakthrough which will make a great impact, and the is believed to be among the first wave of industries benefiting from the advancement," said Jimmy Yen-Chu Lin, Ph.D., GM of Insilico Medicine Taiwan and corresponding author of the paper. "This paper demonstrates Insilico's first footprint in quantum computing with AI in molecular generation, underscoring our vision in the field."

Building on these findings, Insilico scientists plan to integrate the hybrid quantum GAN model into Chemistry42, the Company's proprietary small molecule generation engine, to further accelerate and improve its AI-driven and development process.

Insilico was one of the first to use GANs in de novo molecular design, and published the first paper in this field in 2016. The Company has delivered 11 preclinical candidates by GAN-based generative AI models and its lead program has been validated in Phase I clinical trials.

"I am proud of the positive results our quantum computing team has achieved through their efforts and innovation," said Alex Zhavoronkov, Ph.D., founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine. "I believe this is the first small step in our journey. We are currently working on a breakthrough experiment with a real quantum computer for chemistry and look forward to sharing Insilico's best practices with industry and academia."

More information: Po-Yu Kao et al, Exploring the Advantages of Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks in Generative Chemistry, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (2023). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00562

The data acquisition code and source codes associated with this study are publicly available at: github.com/pykao/QuantumMolGAN-PyTorch

Provided by Insilico Medicine

Citation: Study combines quantum computing and generative AI for drug discovery (2023, May 19) retrieved 19 May 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-05-combines-quantum-generative-ai-drug.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

New study uses AlphaFold and AI to accelerate design of novel drug for liver cancer

0 shares

Feedback to editors

What fields can quantum computers advance?

*

6.

*IBM’s Quantum Computing Moves Could Put Industrial Space in Demand.

Title:

Content: IBM’s Quantum Computing Moves Could Put Industrial Space in Demand

IBM's quantum computing advancements and industrial collaborations are set to boost demand for specialized industrial spaces, transforming sectors like materials science and supply chain logistics.

IBM’s aggressive expansion in quantum computing is set to significantly impact various industries, potentially increasing the demand for industrial space. The company has been at the forefront of quantum research and development, advancing both its hardware and software capabilities. IBM’s recent developments in their Qiskit software stack, which includes over 100 updates, are aimed at enhancing the performance and usability of quantum circuits. These advancements are crucial for the optimization and execution of quantum algorithms, making them more accessible and practical for industrial applications.

Key Partnerships and Industrial Applications

IBM has partnered with major industry players to explore practical applications of quantum computing. For instance, Bosch has joined forces with IBM to utilize quantum computing for materials science research. This collaboration aims to develop new materials for applications such as electromobility and renewable energy, areas where classical computers fall short. The potential to design materials with higher energy efficiency and reduced resource consumption could revolutionize these sectors.

Impact on Supply Chain and Logistics

Quantum computing is poised to transform supply chain management by enhancing modeling capabilities. The complexity of supply chain models, which involve numerous variables, can be better managed with quantum computing. This technology promises to optimize logistics, improve data sharing security, and facilitate digital twin simulations. IBM’s quantum advancements could thus lead to more efficient and resilient supply chains, further driving the demand for industrial space to house these advanced computing facilities.

The Future of Quantum Computing

IBM’s roadmap includes the development of a 4,000-qubit system by 2025, which underscores the company’s commitment to scaling quantum computing capabilities. This modular architecture will enable the integration of quantum and classical computing resources, opening new frontiers in high-performance computing. As these systems become operational, industries will increasingly require specialized facilities to host and manage these advanced quantum computers, driving a surge in demand for industrial real estate.

About the author

Vishal Jain

Vishal’s reviews provide a comprehensive look at the latest software and apps in the market. His hands-on approach and detailed analysis help readers make informed decisions about the tools they use daily.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

*

7.

*The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.

*

**Additional summarizing remarks based on extracted content:**

- *Key international players in quantum computing development include academic institutions (e.g., University of Bristol, Imperial College London), major technology companies (e.g., IBM, Hewlett Packard Enterprise), and governmental organizations (e.g., U.S. Department of Energy).

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

*
- *Collaboration between industry and academia is crucial for accelerating progress in quantum computing.

*
- *Recent research highlights challenges such as whether classical computers can rival quantum systems for certain tasks, questioning the practical quantum advantage.

*
- *Significant investments are coming from both the private sector (notably IBM and HPE) and national governments, especially in the US and UK.

What companies are leading in developing quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

*
- *The field is learning that integrating classical and quantum approaches, as well as flexible hardware and tools, offers practical benefits and advances research capabilities.

*
- *There is growing industrial and governmental interest, with investments in infrastructure and tools supporting quantum computing research and its adoption.

Here are key sentences from the provided text that respond to your request for information on the international competition and status of research in quantum computing, company and country leadership, successes, lessons, and investments:

1.

Title:

Content: SPIEF
The main
Map of city events
View map
Storis
Safety of children on the water
Safety of children on the water
Defiance in airplanes
Defiance in airplanes
Scandalous divorces of football players
Scandalous divorces of football players
Secret stories of Moscow bunkers
Secret stories of Moscow bunkers
Scammers in Tinder
Scammers in Tinder
The author of the essay “How to kill your husband ” killed her husband
The author of the essay “How to kill your husband ” killed her husband
A new image of pregnancy
A new image of pregnancy
The Age of Starbucks and McDonald ’ s
The Age of Starbucks and McDonald ’ s
Who invented the last call?
Who invented the last call?
What cities played the role of Moscow
What cities played the role of Moscow
It is necessary to protect oddballs: the developer of a quantum computer Ilya Semerikov about what strange ideas are needed for
Story:
VM exclusives
Society
FIAN researcher Ilya Semerikov poses against the background of his "brainchild" - a universal four-qubit quantum computer / Photo: Natalia Feoktistova / Evening Moscow
We continue our column “Simple questions ”, in which we ask professionals about what we do not know for sure.
What came first: idea or matter?
What is the hadron collider for and why can all points of view exist at the same time?
The answers to all these questions are known by one of the most promising young scientists in Russia, the developer of a quantum computer Ilya Semerikov.
Ilya Semerikov ’ s quantum computer occupies almost half a room in one of the FIAN laboratories.
There is some irony in the fact that a device that works with the smallest particles needs such a huge body.
At the same time, the “heart ” of the aggregate, the quantum traps in which ions are encoded, are small.
The rest of the “skeleton ” is needed to service these traps.
While the computer resembles a watch from "Eralash", which was accompanied by two suitcases with batteries.
By the way, this series was filmed in 1991 - a year before the birth of Ilya.
The young scientist is only 30 years old!
The other day, he was included in the Forbes list “30 to 30 ” for his great services to the industry and the country.
Ilya and I discussed quantum qubits, career culbits and other metaphors of our lives.
— Ilya, why do you need a quantum computer?
Today, a quantum computer is much worse than usual.
A modern quantum computer can do almost nothing useful.
So far, this development is not a practical, but a scientific field.
But potentially a quantum computer can solve some problems that are beyond the control of a conventional computer.
For example, factorization is the decomposition of a number into prime factors.
So, 525 decomposes into 5 * 5 * 3 * 7.
The task of factorization is to bring the object to the “main building blocks ”.
On a classical computer, it is virtually impossible to factor a sufficiently large number - it will take a very long time to calculate.
During such calculations, the sun will die out.
A quantum computer will be able to perform such calculations in a few minutes.
But in order to solve such problems, we need not two qubits (the qubit is the smallest unit of information in a quantum computer, by analogy with a bit - "VM") and not even ten, but hundreds, but preferably thousands of qubits.
Quantum computers all over the world today work in fact with units.
In order to go from tens of qubits to thousands, new physical solutions, fundamental science, research are needed.
In this case, not only the number of qubits is important, but also their quality, since all operations on qubits must be very accurate in order to get the right results.
It is believed that the development of quantum computers will bring the emergence of superartificial intelligence closer.
When do we expect intelligent robots?
— There are studies according to which quantum computers can surpass classical ones in the field of artificial intelligence.
But for them to be useful, you need not ten qubits, but at least a hundred.
Here the requirements are lower than to the decomposition of numbers by factors, but still it is a lot.
I am not in favor of the idea that the results will come soon.
Tomorrow nothing will happen unless, of course, someone from under the floor gets a breakthrough idea.
I am so pessimistic because I stand behind these pens every day, collect bolts and screws, and understand the complexity, painstaking experiments in the field of quantum computing.
According to an optimistic estimate, it takes another ten years to do something really useful for applied tasks.
One step in quantum computing experiments, if done quickly without the constraints of finance and staff, takes three to five years.
New ideas are also needed.
And no one can predict the speed of the generation of new ideas.
This is a moment of creativity.
The more people are engaged in one idea, the more likely it is that someone will guess how and what to do.
Yes, we have our own ideas for research.
But three to five years usually go from idea to implementation.
In the world ’ s leading labs, it ’ s faster — they ’ re easier with equipment and staff, but it ’ s still not a week-long step.
Do sanctions affect developments in the field of quantum computers?
- It's a big influence.
More than 90 percent of the equipment was supplied to us from Germany, the United States and Japan.
These countries imposed sanctions.
I am very skeptical about the idea of import substitution in the field of high technologies.
For example, we need precise lasers for a quantum computer.
We can't order it now.
Where can I get them?
Yes, we can develop these lasers, but then who will deal with the quantum computer?
The number of employees in any industry is limited.
In order to educate a new employee in such knowledge-intensive areas, it will take from three to five years.
And it makes life very difficult.
Yes, even before the last massive sanctions, we bought a new set of equipment with which we can finish our ideas.
But these reserves will be enough for a year or two.
It is impossible to build a sovereign science.
For example, people from dozens of countries are working on an ordinary smartphone.
In the Congo, cobalt is mined, which goes to China.
That's where they clean it, then this cobalt is used in the lithium batteries that are in the phone.
Chips are made in Taiwan, and lithography machines are made in the Netherlands, optics for them are made in the United States.
All countries are woven into a large international cooperation.
No country can do everything by itself.
Photo: Pexels
— What is the Hadron Collider for?
In the collider, small structures are examined.
So, there is an inverse relationship between energy and the scale of distance: the more energy a particle flies, the smaller pieces of matter you can look into.
We must understand that the development of humanity is not only about technologies and things that bring benefits.
When Kepler studied the motion of planets and stars in the 17th century, he did not think about how it would be used later.
But after him came Newton, who generalized knowledge and formulated his laws.
On the basis of these laws, most of the mechanical devices work.
But this does not mean that all the knowledge of mankind is converted into technology.
Some things exist simply to understand how the world works.
The Hadron Collider is an important thing to move forward. Why?
Because we're human.
People are different from animals in their curiosity.
We can generate abstract knowledge.
The benefits of Collider are the same as the benefits of music.
It is an art that allows to see the beauty of the world.
I wish it was more widespread so that people could watch this beauty.
I think we need to look for some form of conveying this information to a large number of people.
Is there a matrix like in the Wachowski films?
It seems to me that there are no matrices in the form of the film, but there is a much more interesting structure.
Life is more exciting than any movie.
We create within ourselves the matrix in which we live.
There is such a thing as an echo chamber.
We get information from sources that are close to us.
And those things that are far away, we try to ignore.
We choose a world in which we feel comfortable.
It looks like a social media feed customized for us.
We build our information bubble, which often does not coincide with what is really happening.
How do I perceive the matrix?
Yes, there is an objective reality, but we live inside our comfortable picture of the world and do not look around.
It turns out that we live in a matrix, but we do not want to get out of it.
And when different worlds collide, sometimes terrible things happen.
When people from one echo chamber begin to communicate with people from another echo chamber, it seems that both are deaf and blind.
Where did the 404 error come from?
I don't know, I guess there was some sort of numbering of these mistakes.
You can open Wikipedia and see it.
This is a thing that I recommend to everyone.
You need to look for answers to questions in the sources, and ask yourself these questions more often.
A scientist is different from a non-scientist in that he asks himself questions.
It happens that people put something of their own in such things, for example, in some kind of joke, but here, I think, there is no subtext.
What comes first: idea or matter?
I think these things are inseparable.
What is an idea or a thought?
When we think, electrochemical reactions occur in the brain, currents flow.
The current creates a weak magnetic field.
The magnetic field has energy.
Energy has mass.
The magnetic field created by thinking has mass.
It is already matter.
What is matter?
Something that has mass.
Thought has mass on the physical level.
Thought is material.
Another example.
What came first: the atom or the idea of the atom?
There was a time in the universe when there were no atoms.
And then the first atom appeared, and at the same moment the idea of the atom appeared.
All these things are inseparable and their description depends on the point of view.
The guys from the idealist and materialist camps existed in their echo chambers, but in fact this separation is not.
Photo: Pexels
One of the popularizers of science compared our world with a superconductor in which we all live.
Is that true?
Metaphors about the structure of the world can be very different.
This is also a story about a point of view.
I have never heard of this metaphor before.
Maybe there are people who look at our world this way.
With metaphors in general, you need to be extremely careful.
In physics, there are limits to the applicability of any theory.
For example, if the speeds we work with are less than the speed of light, then classical mechanics apply.
And if the speed is approaching the speed of light, then we need the theory of relativity.
To work with large objects, classical mechanics is necessary, and with small ones, quantum mechanics.
Everything has its limits of applicability, including metaphors.
And here, on the one hand, you need to try not to go beyond this border, and on the other - to look at the problem from different angles.
There is the principle of “Occama ’ s razor ” in philosophy, which says that it is not necessary to produce entities where they do not exist.
But if Occam's razor had been used indiscriminately, most of the physical theories would have been circumcised.
A lot of them look crazy at first.
It is necessary to protect heretics, but not to accept their ideas as something that is not subject to doubt.
There are people who believe in a flat earth.
This is not without meaning, because in many everyday situations the Earth really seems flat.
But if you look at this issue not from the side of a person who walks in the forest, and connect satellite navigation, we will see the failure of this idea.
It is necessary to treat human thought carefully - on the one hand with tenderness, and on the other - with criticism.
If someone claims that the Earth is flat, do not immediately tell him that he is an idiot.
Let ’ s try to figure out what a person means.
— Do our physicists often offer to move abroad?
The question is what is “offered. ”
No one will come to you and say, “Come work with us. ”
Rather, on the contrary: it is necessary to offer oneself, and after that the discussion begins.
It ’ s a matter of aesthetic perception: what we want from life.
People used to go to America not because they wanted to be on the other side of the world.
They went to specific positions that had prospects for them.
Personally, it is important for me to be able to do what I am interested in.
Quantum computers are interesting to me.
If I have the opportunity here to do them, I will gladly continue to do it, and if not, I will think about what to do next.
Maybe there's something more interesting.
Now I am thinking about education.
For example, how to build such an education so that people can do what is interesting and understand what is interesting to them.
For me, creating such a system of education is no less interesting than quantum computers.
An echo chamber is a concept in media theory, which is a situation in which certain ideas are reinforced or reinforced by the transmission of a message or its repetition within a closed system: a party or a circle of like-minded people.
At the same time, such messages drown out other similar information flows.
So, any statements lead not to discussions, but to the giving and support of like-minded people.
Addressees in such a “closed ” system create messages, listen to themselves and agree with themselves.
There is no alternative information in this closed system.
DOSSIER
Ilya Semerikov is a highly qualified researcher at the Laboratory of Optics of Complex Quantum Systems of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
He graduated from the Department of Physics and Astrophysics of MIPT in 2015.
He entered the postgraduate course of FIAN.
In 2015, Ilya Semerikov joined Kolachevsky ’ s group “Precision Quantum Measurements ” at the Russian Quantum Center.
All Semerikov ’ s projects at the Russian Quantum Center are related to ultracold ions. Based on these studies, scientists have developed a universal ion quantum computer.
Semerikov became its leading developer in 2020, and already in 2021 a group of scientists demonstrated Russia ’ s first universal four-qubit ion quantum computer using quarts.
REFERENCE
A quantum computer is a computing device that uses cable phenomena to solve problems: cable superposition and cable entanglement.
Technologies created on the basis of cable-based computing can be multifold superior to lasical computers in solving a number of tasks, for example, in the field of riptoanalysis and modeling of complex systems.
In 2020, a road map for the development of cable-based digital technology “cable-based computing ” was developed and adopted in Russia.
One of the most important issues in the development of cable-stayed computers is the choice of a physical system, with the help of which the cable-stayed analogues of their bits of information will be implemented.
Podcasts

**"The answers to all these questions are known by one of the most promising young scientists in Russia, the developer of a quantum computer Ilya Semerikov.

"**

2.

**"But for them to be useful, you need not ten qubits, but at least a hundred.

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

"**

3.

**"And no one can predict the speed of the generation of new ideas.

"**

4.

Title:

Content: The tower goes on four sides
HSE opens representative office in India
The campus of the Higher School of Economics (HSE) of St. Petersburg will open a representative office in India in 2023 in cooperation with Swami Vivekananda Subharti University.
For an Indian university, this will be the second full-fledged cooperation with Russian universities, and for St. Petersburg, the first representative office of a local university in the country of spices.
HSE and Swami Vivekananda Subharti University of India, located in Mirut (Uttar Pradesh), on December 7, agreed to sign a Memorandum of Understanding, all preliminary agreements were reached in November.
This will allow the Higher School of Economics to open its own representative office in India and promises new horizons for scientific cooperation.
The representative office of the university is a branch whose task is to lobby the interests of the institution in the educational, scientific and other spheres.
The opening is scheduled for 2023.
In particular, through the representation is carried out advertising activities of the university.
Currently, SPBSU, Peter the Great Polytechnic University (SPbPU), LETI, ITMO, SPbGASU and the Mining University cooperate with Indian universities.
However, these universities do not have their own representative offices in India.
Anna Tyshetskaya, Director of HSE St. Petersburg, explained that the turn to the East is becoming a common trend in the development of large Russian business and education.
The education market of India is one of the largest in the world, so through cooperation with them, Russian universities will be able to promote their own standards of education and compete with European universities.
Thus, according to Ms. Tyshetskaya, the Higher School of Economics can promote the standards of Russian education in the niche traditionally occupied by European universities.
These are economics, computer and social sciences.
Subharti University offers programs similar to the activities of the School of Economics and the School of Social Sciences and Oriental Studies of the St. Petersburg campus, which are taught entirely in English.
Within the framework of cooperation, HSE plans not only to open a representative office, but also to hold joint scientific conferences, seminars and round tables.
The university also expects the development of academic mobility of students and teachers.
“There are close economic, historical and cultural ties between our countries.
We act in line with the global trends of rapprochement of new development centers.
The opening of the representative office is the first step of the St. Petersburg campus in the implementation of the strategic task of turning to the East.
But this does not mean that we plan to abandon what made the St. Petersburg tower the leader.
On the contrary, thanks to our high standards of education, our programs can compete with European universities in the struggle to attract talented young people, ” Anna Tyshetskaya shared.
So, another representative office of the university is planned to open in Delhi, which is an educational hub for many residents of India.
And four more in the east, south, west and north of India.
“We are striving to create similar offices throughout the country together with other leading universities, ” Dr. Manoj Sharma, Deputy Director for International Affairs at HSE St. Petersburg, shares his plans in a press release.
With a project in India, HSE launches a comprehensive program for the development of foreign representative offices.
“Today, students from India make up 60% of the total number of international students in the world.
HSE ’ s mission in India will be to build a broader base of academic and scientific active partnerships with universities of various categories, ” added Dr. Manoj Sharma.
For Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, cooperation with the Higher School of Economics will be the second in Russia.
The first memorandum of understanding between educational institutions was signed with Synergy University from Moscow.
The main emphasis in Subharti is on medicine and IT.
Also, the international activities of the Indian university are carried out in partnership with universities and institutes of Australia, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Nepal and Malaysia.
Ekaterina Ryazanova
Picture of the day
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...

**"Yes, we have our own ideas for research.

"**

5.

Title:

Content: Contractors selected for the construction of the fifth station of the SKIF CCP
• 03 / 07 / 2023, 15: 22
Author:
Because of the sanctions, the lot was divided into 6 contracts with a total value of 1.2 billion rubles.
The Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences signed state contracts for the supply of equipment for the experimental station "Electronic Structure", as well as its installation, supervision and commissioning.
This was reported by the press service of the CCP "SKIF".
Japan refused to Novosibirsk scientists in the supply of powerful accelerators for SKIF
Due to sanctions restrictions, equipment that was previously planned to be purchased as a single lot was divided into six contracts.
All won: for the supply of X-ray optical equipment (concluded with FINPROMATOM LLC), two vacuum stands and two measuring stands (with KR-Analitika LLC), as well as for the installation, supervision, commissioning of this equipment and the manufacture of hutch-protective structures (with Tomsk Polytechnic University).
The total cost of contracts is 1.2 billion rubles.
Experimental station "Electronic structure" is designed to solve a wide range of problems of chemistry, in particular catalysis, physics, materials science.
The set of equipment of the station will ensure the operation of two independent sections with complementary functionality.
— At the first section, the method of high-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy will be implemented, it will allow to conduct studies of the composition and electronic structure of the active component for various catalytic systems.
As a result of such studies, scientists will receive the information necessary both to improve existing and to develop new catalysts with optimal characteristics for various industrially important catalytic processes.
Also, the method will allow to study innovative functional materials (multilayer semiconductor structures, carbon composite and nanostructured materials), — explained in the press service of the CCP “SKIF ”.
The basis of the work of the second section of the "Electronic Structure" will be the method of photoelectron spectroscopy with angular and spin resolution.
It will allow to study the electronic and spin structure of solids to solve topical problems of semiconductor physics, the development of the component base and new design principles of molecular electronics, nanoelectronics and spintronics devices.
Import substitution made it possible to halve the price of the equipment contract for SKIF
As part of the first stage, it is planned to create six experimental stations of the SKIF CCU.
Previously, the mechanism and integrators of the creation of four more stations of the SKIF CCU were determined: "Fast Processes" (M. A. Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics), "Diagnostics in the high-energy X-ray range" (Design and Technological Institute of Scientific Instrumentation SB RAS), "Microfocus" (Tomsk Polytechnic University), "Structural Diagnostics" (Institute of High-Current Electronics SB RAS).
Also, competitive procedures are currently underway to determine the integrator for the creation of equipment for the XAFS spectroscopy and magnetic dichroism station.
The SCIF Center of the Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a mega-science project with a synchrotron of the 4 + generation, which is being built in the Novosibirsk science city of Koltsovo.
SKIF is a complex of 34 buildings and structures, as well as engineering and technological equipment that provides scientific research on beams of synchrotron radiation.
Earlier, the editors reported that in the Novosibirsk region began to pour the foundation of SKIF.
Photo by Evgenia Bobatkova
Marks Square
25 minutes
Advertising.
Advertiser: LLC SZ "VIRA Invest".
River station
30 minutes
Advertising.
Advertiser: OOO SF Prospekt
Studencheskaya
30 minutes
Advertising.
Advertiser: LLC SZ "VIRA Invest".
Birch Grove
5 minutes
Advertising.
Advertiser: LLC SZ "VIRA Invest".
Golden Niva
12 minutes
Advertising.
Advertiser: LLC SZ "VIRA Invest"
Zaeltsovskaya
9 minutes
Advertising.
Advertiser: LLC SZ "VIRA Invest"
In Berdsk, the court ordered the city administration and a private boiler house to organize preparations for the heating season
The boiler house heats more than 22 thousand people, and this is 1 / 3 of the inhabitants of the city of Berdsk.
Read article > >
In Novosibirsk completed the reception of documents of first-graders at the place of residence
From July 6, schools will fill vacant places, recruiting children from outside.
Read article > >
Two new clinics in Novosibirsk are being prepared for commissioning
The overall readiness of the clinics is more than 80%.
Read article > >
Novosibirsk engineers are looking for a partner for the serial production of pile hammers and copros
They are necessary for offshore construction, construction of ports and bridges, extractive industries and industrial and civil construction.
Read article > >
Vladimir Shuev on the situation with the “March of the Wagner ”: There should be one chairman in the collective farm
President of the fund of veterans of special forces “Antiterror ” (FSB), founder of the regional military-patriotic movement“ Defender ”, security adviser of the IT company Vladimir Shuev commented on Infopro54 possible reasons for the march of Yevgeny Prigozhin and their consequences.
Subscribe to news
Subscribe to the newsletter of the most current news.
×
Search by author:
×
July 2023
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
« June
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
×
By sending a message, I accept the terms of the agreement on the use of personal data and agree with the Site Rules
I agree (I agree)
×
Exclusive material
Materials marked with the icon are exclusive, that is, prepared on the basis of information received by InfoPro54.ru.
When citing, reprinting reference to the source is required
×
Participation in the conference free of charge
Format of participation:
By sending a message, I accept the terms of the agreement on the use of personal data and agree with the Site Rules
×
Participation in the conference free of charge
By sending a message, I accept the terms of the agreement on the use of personal data and agree with the Site Rules
×

**"It was discussed for a long time, but it was not possible to prove it.

Title:

Content: We live in a quantum world.
Alexander Kholevo about his victory in the Scientific Prize "Sbera"
The winner of the Sbera Scientific Award in the Digital Universe nomination was Academician Alexander Kholevo, Chief Researcher of the Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, “for his fundamental contribution to quantum informatics and works that open the way to fundamentally new communication and computing systems. ”
What is this work and what is it important, we asked the academician himself.
— Alexander Semenovich, how was the quantum theory of information born and what preceded it?
The key and one of the most important words in information theory is noise.
This theory itself is the fight against noise in communication channels.
In conventional, classical information theory, thermal noise is combated, in quantum there is a specific quantum noise, and it requires a separate mathematical description.
Now in the development of quantum technologies, the fight against noise and interference in quantum communication channels and in computing devices has become the most important issue.
In 1948, Claude Shannon published his seminal work on classical information theory, and very soon, in the 1950s, Nobel laureate Denis Gabor posed the question of what additional interference is caused by the quantum nature of the information carrier, the electromagnetic field.
Then began to appear works of a physical, engineering nature.
Some of them were published in our journal “Problems of Information Transfer ”.
At that moment I came to the subject.
Who are your teachers?
— For me, the two main scientific institutions are the Moscow Phyztech, where I received my scientific education, and the Steklov Mathematical Institute, where I have been working for more than half a century.
A well-known enthusiast of mathematical education, A. P. Savin, worked in Phystech, he drew me into mathematics, and with his submission I wrote my first scientific work under the leadership of Professor M. A. Naimark, who read a course of functional analysis at MIPT.
And Mian is a whole mathematical universe and a separate story.
I was lucky enough to get into the department of probability theory, where I worked in the field of mathematical statistics under the tutelage of direct students of A. N. Kolmogorov - Yu. A. Rozanov, Yu. V. Prokhorov, A. N. Shiryaev, and L. N. Bolshev.
There I defended my PhD and almost immediately went to the library (there was no Internet yet): what to do next?
And I came across a topic called quantum communications.
I saw that a huge field of activity opens here, which allows you to combine the methods of mathematical statistics and the acquired knowledge from functional analysis.
This combination turned out to be very fruitful, and I began to work in this area and get the first results.
- What is Cholevo's theorem?
Can it be explained to non-mathematicians?
— Let me clarify that of my results, this one is the most well-known to the general public.
To explain the essence of the theorem, or Cholevo boundary, one can imagine a secret quantum communication channel with two participants.
In the context of this model, the classical amount of information that an eavesdropper can receive, whatever measurements he makes over this communication channel, cannot exceed a specific amount, which is called Cholevo information.
Knowing the upper quantum limit of what the eavesdropper can extract makes it possible to speed up the transmission and processing of information over the quantum channel.
Initially, this theorem had no cryptographic sound — it ’ s just some mathematical inequality that turned out to be a hard nut.
It was discussed for a long time, but it was not possible to prove it.
I managed to do it.
I was happy, although I had no idea at the time what practical consequences it might have.
Another theorem that follows this one is the quantum analogue of Shannon's coding theorem for a channel with noise.
Shannon's theorem states that if there is a noisy channel, then there is a way to transmit information at a certain maximum speed almost without error.
In other words, there is bandwidth that gives this upper bound of the speed of error-free transmission of information over a noisy channel.
To do this, you need to code the input signal in a special way, then decode it - there are codes that correct errors.
Here I must say about another scientific institution that played a big role in my fate.
This is the Institute for Information Transfer Problems, where Professor R. L. Dobrushin, also a student of Kolmogorov, worked, and he constantly pushed me towards the quantum analogue of Shannon ’ s theorem.
This was proved, and a theorem was obtained that shows that inequality is achievable, there is a way to reach the quantum boundary, and thereby it gives the throughput of the quantum channel.
— We have already said about some of the applied capabilities of quantum information theory.
What else is promising in this area?
— My research has developed mainly in the direction of quantum communications, where perhaps the greatest technological advances have now been achieved.
Optical communication systems have appeared, physicists have learned to distribute secret quantum keys all over the world, and we have communication lines that use the principles of quantum cryptography.
Here, too, there are problems that are being studied, in particular, the problems of repeaters, the sources of single photons.
If we talk about quantum computing, we are now in the so-called era of noisy quantum devices of intermediate size (NISQ).
- The noise again?
- That's exactly right.
This means that those devices that can be implemented in practice are imperfect in terms of accuracy, highly susceptible to interference and errors.
However, if these devices are used in combination with classical computers and supercomputers, it is possible to achieve accelerations in computing in the field of solving problems of multidimensional optimization, quantum chemistry, modeling molecules.
This raises the question of “price – quality ”: how much more expensive is such a quantum device than a classical one that can do the same work, even if for a longer time?
While there is no technology for mass production of quantum chips, there is not even a physical platform on which this should happen.
If we compare the situation with 1948, then a miracle happened: simultaneously with the creation of the theory of information, a transistor was invented, which formed the technological basis for the stunning progress of information technologies of the twentieth century.
Here the situation is different: there is no publicly available cheap technology for the production of quantum elements.
This task is on the agenda today, as is the fight against noise.
When will a new miracle happen?
When will a quantum computer finally arrive?
— Now the emphasis is not on miracles in such matters as, for example, the emergence of a full-scale quantum computer, which has been talked about a lot, but on the study and overcoming of quantum noise.
The author of the famous algorithm Peter Shore, speaking three years ago at the BBVA award for his progress at the forefront of science, said that it would be five to ten years before a quantum computer could do anything close to useful.
However, over time, these devices will provide revolutionary applications — for example, in biomedicine.
At the moment, it takes a huge amount of computer time to mimic the behavior of molecules, but quantum computers can achieve this and help develop new drugs and new materials.
On my own behalf, I would add that the significance of the second quantum revolution now taking place is also, and this should not be underestimated, that a wide mass of researchers are involved – not only physicists, but also IT specialists who did not know quantum physics, but learned it.
Quantum literacy has increased immeasurably over the past couple of decades, and this is very important because the quantum world is radically different from the classical world that surrounds us.
This is a world with completely different laws, and research on a broad front, which is now unfolding, including in Russia, is also very important for creating a favorable environment for the emergence of breakthrough discoveries and new solutions.
“This year ’ s Nobel Prize in Physics, as you know, was awarded for entangled quantum states – this is what you ’ ve been doing all your scientific life.
What can you say about this?
The current Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three researchers for testing the violation of Bell ’ s inequalities for so-called entangled states, but I prefer the term “entangled states. ”
It better reflects the substance of the case.
These are states with properties completely unusual for the classical world.
Coupling means such a strong correlation between particles that interacted, and then flew apart at a macroscopic distance (conditionally speaking, one to Moscow, the other to St. Petersburg) that even use the term “quantum pseudotelepathy ”.
This correlation is so strong that it cannot be modeled by any classical mechanism, and this state is a new information resource.
— What are the fundamental differences from the already known resources?
First, although it is so strong, it does not contradict the theory of relativity and the fact that it is impossible to transmit signals instantly, because it is limited by the speed of light.
But the information from one linked photon to another is transmitted instantly, that is, faster than the speed of light, and this is a paradox.
Ain't he?
- No, it's not transmitted instantly.
The trick is that it is not transmitted at all: coupled states do not allow this to be done.
Nevertheless, it is a kind of correlation that can be considered as a catalyst that enhances or improves the transfer of information.
If we have a receiver and a transmitter connected by an ideal communication channel, and the coupling is distributed between them, then the throughput of such a channel doubles.
This is called the “super-dense coding protocol. ”
This means that although cohesion itself does not allow information to be transmitted, when combined with a communication channel, it allows for an increase in the amount of information transmitted.
And there is also the quantum state teleportation protocol, which also allows for the use of coupling between input and output.
Quantum states cannot be transmitted over a conventional communication channel — say, over a radio channel, because quantum information is much richer, it contains statistics of a set of non-commuting observed, but nevertheless, if there is a catalyst in the form of a coupled state, then the transfer of the quantum state can occur through the classical channel.
You said teleportation.
And will it be possible to teleport material objects as in science fiction films?
— No, we are talking about the transfer of a special type of information, or quantum states, nothing is transferred materially.
We can't teleport Captain Kirk.
But these states exist, it must be taken into account and used.
— Does your scientific group have any original developments in this area?
— In our group, work was carried out in the direction of studying the throughput associated with cohesion.
If we take not an ideal channel, but a channel with strong noise, it turns out that the gain in using the coupling between the input and output is much more than twice.
Another direction is multiparticle cohesion, when there are not two participants, but several; a network arises.
Enthusiasts are talking about the quantum internet, though it may be too early.
But if this can be done, it will be possible to talk about networks with a sufficiently large number of participants, and they will be quantum-protected.
- For all these studies, you received the Scientific Award "Sbera".
How did you feel about it?
I was deeply touched.
This is an extremely high appreciation of my contribution to the creation of a new field, quantum computer science, and a confirmation that I once chose the right path.
In those years, it was completely unobvious.
I am still interested, and the prospects here are huge.
I have no doubt that the initiative of Sberbank, which established its own Scientific Award, will have far-reaching positive consequences for the development of science and technology.
Will she be able to become a Russian Nobel?
- Why not?
Such an award is a very attractive incentive for many young, and not only young scientists, and I hope that this initiative of Sberbank will become an example for other representatives of the business community in terms of supporting scientific research.
Interviewed by Natalia Leskova
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...
Download news...

"**

6.

**"This correlation is so strong that it cannot be modeled by any classical mechanism, and this state is a new information resource.

"**

7.

**"Russian scientists have received a patent for the creation of quantum computers"**

8.

Title:

Content: Russian scientists received a patent for the creation of quantum computers - RIA Novosti, 26.05.2022
Registration was successful!
Please follow the link from the letter sent to
Russian scientists have received a patent for the creation of quantum computers
Russian scientists have received a patent for the construction of a quantum computer based on kudites
© Pixabay / TheDigitalArtist Quantum Computer
A quantum computer.
Archive photo
Read ria.ru in
MOSCOW, May 26 - RIA Novosti.
Russian scientists have received a patent for the construction of quantum computers based on kudites - quantum systems capable of simultaneously being in more than two states, the patent will be valid in the territory of the Russian Federation until 2040, and in the future it is planned to submit an application for international registration, the Russian Quantum Center reports.
Quantum computing devices use such phenomena of quantum physics as entanglement and superposition, which allows quantum bits (qubits) to be in two states - both 0 and 1 - at the same time, thereby solving problems that are inaccessible to classical computers and supercomputers.
However, in physics, there are also extended versions of qubits - qubits, capable of taking more than two states: 0, 1, 2, and others.
"A group of scientists from the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) has received a patent for the physical implementation of a quantum computer based on kudites - quantum systems capable of simultaneously being in more than two states," the report said.
It is specified that the document applies to the territory of Russia until the end of 2040.
In the near future, the researchers also plan to apply for international registration.
Research in the field of the use of kudites for quantum computing has been conducted by a group of scientists from the RCC over the past few years.
Obtaining a patent will allow the team in the future to consolidate the exclusive right to the architecture of the created processor.
Its peculiarity lies in the combination of two approaches to increasing the power of a quantum computer.
Russian scientists have developed a “smart parachute ” for landing cargo
"The first approach involves replacing qubits with an equivalent number of qubits, the second is to use additional levels of qubits instead of separate auxiliary qubits (anzillas) to perform intermediate calculations.
The patent protects the optimal way of combining approaches proposed by scientists, "the report said.
It is also noted that in the world, only four teams are working on the development of quantum processors, including the Russian one.
News feed
0
New firstOld firstFirst
loader
On-line
Title of the material to be opened
To participate in the discussion
log in or register
loader
Chats
Title of the material to be opened

What are important areas in quantum research?

**'"A group of scientists from the Russian Quantum Center (RCC) has received a patent for the physical implementation of a quantum computer based on kudites - quantum systems capable of simultaneously being in more than two states," the report said.

What are important areas in quantum research?

implementations of quantum processors
new types of qubits

'**

9.

**"Harvard has developed a method of storing data using dyes"** (implying ongoing research and breakthroughs at leading international institutions).

Title:

Content: Unboring technologies
245 followers
Harvard has developed a method of storing data using dyes
One of the important and not solved problems is the storage of data.
There are several competing methods.
Back to article
Picture of the day
top

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

Title:

Content: Gazeta.Ru in Telegram
Unlocking the potential: how artificial intelligence is used in education
Director of the Center for Education Industry Sbera spoke about the use of AI
Erid: 2RanyngCfyr
Natalia Zhuravleva, Director of the Center for Education Industry, spoke about the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of online education, human-centric learning and motivation for development throughout life in an interview with Gazeta.ru.
How do you use artificial intelligence in your educational decisions?
The field of application of artificial intelligence today is very diverse.
Here, personalized and adaptive learning technologies, analysis of the behavior of all participants in the educational process, increasing the level of accessibility and inclusiveness of the environment.
Thanks to the development of digital technologies, regular education is becoming knowledge-intensive and human-centric.
Today, the trend is that if a person wants to be a sought-after specialist in his industry, he needs to continuously learn, gain new knowledge and skills.
Generative AI allows you to create text and visual content, instantly translate text from one language to another.
Universities actively apply the procedure for monitoring the remote passing of the exam (approx. proctoring), which makes higher education more accessible for people with disabilities or living in remote settlements.
Gamification based on artificial intelligence algorithms is widely distributed to create personalized, engaging learning tasks, as well as micro- and nano-learning with AI, where artificial intelligence automatically breaks up a complex topic into short training modules, issuing them in a convenient, memorable format.
At the same time, the use of artificial intelligence in education allows creating a unique experience for each participant in the process.
For example, if we talk about students, it is easy to identify which tasks are given easily, and which ones cause difficulties.
This allows you to discover talents and develop the necessary skills in the process of studying the topic.
If we talk about teachers, then digital technologies can help with the routine.
Teachers can quickly check work through automatic test checking, identify problem topics of each student and focus on them.
One of the new solutions that we are actively developing for the teaching community is the Teaching Assistant.
The AI service is able to automatically translate the audio recording of the lesson into text, analyze and provide detailed reports of the lesson in the form of its various characteristics: the distribution of time in the lesson, communication techniques, the speed of the teacher ’ s speech and much more.
On the basis of these data, the teacher can conduct a reflection, get feedback on methodological techniques and make future classes more effective.
In addition, the AI service will be useful for teachers to consider their lesson practice together with the best practices of effective teachers, and to identify methods to increase the sustainable academic performance of students.
Now research work is being carried out jointly with SPbU and research with scientific and technological centers in Russia is planned.
The project can be useful to pedagogical universities in updating the content of programs and forms of training, retraining and advanced training.
— What EdTech solutions do you actively develop?
— Sberbank Education creates new opportunities for every person to identify and maximize their potential in a rapidly changing world.
We follow trends in the industry and aim to develop solutions using personalized educational trajectories to guide students across a variety of offerings.
It is important for us to respond to user requests.
We have extensive experience in developing online programs for any business needs with the personalization of methodology and subject matter.
At Edutoria, an educational platform for the professional training and career development of everyone, in the direction of online magistracies, we actively cooperate with partner universities to make education available anywhere in the country.
In the academic year 2023-2024, 6 online master ’ s programs were launched in popular areas of training.
In the new academic year, the cooperation between the educational platform Edutoria and the National Research Technological University MISIS will continue and the Industrial Quantum Technologies program will be launched.
This is the only program that provides training in both quantum engineering and quantum computing, that is, allows you to create complex applied solutions.
At the same time, during the first year, students study together, and only at the end of the first year each chooses a specialization for in-depth study - engineering or programming.
The partnership will create a unique environment for the training of applied professionals who are ready to develop and implement technologies that change markets and business models.
We also launched a career guidance service for teenagers, where experienced career guidance specialists analyze and identify talents and inclinations in order to offer the right educational route and a suitable educational institution.
Generative artificial intelligence creates new opportunities and tools that allow closing routine processes, and students can quickly get support through automated tutor bot systems during extracurricular time.
To expand the application and further development of our solutions, we, on the sidelines of the Moscow International Education Fair this year, signed agreements with the Moscow City Pedagogical University and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District to help the university and the region in the development and implementation of digital technologies using AI in educational programs.
— Do you develop offline projects?
— One of the methodological trends now is the interpenetration of educational environments.
This implies that the modern learning process should include both online and offline space.
The key advantage of this approach in training is the availability of educational materials from any device and the ability to perform tasks at a convenient time.
The ability of online programs to adapt to different types of perception: for visualizations, audials and kinesthetics.
Offline, in turn, allows you to create an effective environment for learning and working on joint projects.
We are developing the flagship project of the education industry of Sber - "School 21", where the method of "equal to equal" is used in the learning process.
It stimulates collective learning, teamwork.
Combining problem-oriented learning allows you to actively develop critical thinking.
This year, Sber and “School 21 ” launched the All-Russian competition“ Digital Marathon ”, in which residents of the country over 18 years old can take part.
During the competition, they will test their digital skills, will be able to compete for prizes and receive development recommendations based on the results.
The competition uses the experience of assessing the skills of IT specialists and the format of training that are used in School 21.
The competition is already underway and will last until the end of July 2024, more than 40 thousand people from all over the country are already taking part in it.
It includes an online game, testing, digital dictation and a final in Moscow.
Before the second stage, each participant himself determines his own level of digital skills and knowledge - "Beginner", "Researcher" or "Expert" - and competes with peers.
The complexity of the contest tasks and prizes depend on the level.
Questions for beginners imply knowledge of the principles of the device of the IT-sphere, but do not require special knowledge in programming.
Researchers, in addition to basic knowledge, should show an initial level of programming and understanding of working with artificial intelligence.
Tasks for experts are more complex and focused on graduates of specialized universities, programmers with experience, system architects, heads of digital departments.
How can you increase the motivation to learn from an adult?
Education today is like a new fitness, many people have a regular need to shape and maintain their cognitive and professional form.
It is important to create an environment in which students motivate each other in the desire to gain new skills and knowledge.
Our experience shows that the most effective method is the “equal to equal ” method, which is based on the principle that people learn better and more effectively when information is transmitted by different people who are in a single educational context.
In addition, it is important to personalize the educational trajectory, taking into account the personal goal, interests, experience, and pace of knowledge acquisition.
To begin with, you can formulate a personal goal - it must be concrete, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-limited.
Setting a goal helps to focus on specific steps to achieve educational results and, if necessary, understand when you need to adjust your development vector.
Regardless of age, everyone can and should develop a habit of learning.
ADVERTISING
Advertiser: LLC "Sberbank Education"
18 +
What do you think?
Downloading

**"In order to educate a new employee in such knowledge-intensive areas, it will take from three to five years.

"**

11.

**"But these reserves will be enough for a year or two.

"**

These sentences highlight:
- Russia's active participation in developing quantum computers, including patented technology from the Russian Quantum Center.

What are important areas in quantum research?

- The ongoing breakthroughs and research at top institutions like Harvard.

Title:

Content: Unboring technologies
245 followers
Harvard has developed a method of storing data using dyes
One of the important and not solved problems is the storage of data.
There are several competing methods.
Back to article
Picture of the day
top

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

- The complexity and importance of scaling (the need for "at least a hundred" qubits for usefulness).

What are important areas in quantum research?

What are the challenges in quantum computing research?

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

- The unpredictability and rapid pace of innovation.

- The long training cycle required for expertise in the field.

- The presence of unique ideas and approaches in Russia and elsewhere.

- That achieving new quantum states is fundamental to quantum information as a resource exclusive from classical systems.

This selection gives students insight into where some current research and innovation are occurring globally, the scale of challenges faced, and the international nature of investment and competition.

Here are the key sentences from your provided text that directly relate to the status of quantum computing research, international competition, and major achievements or investments in the field:

1.

Title:

Content: Quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin have achieved a significant breakthrough by simulating superdiffusion in a system of interacting quantum particles on a quantum computer.
This achievement, made possible through a collaboration with IBM Dublin, opens up new avenues for research in condensed matter physics and materials science.
The team used a 27-qubit quantum computer located at the IBM lab in New York but programmed remotely from Dublin.
Quantum computing, a booming field, is showing promising results for both commercial applications and basic research.
Through simulations, the researchers aim to gain insights into quantum transfer calculations, which are difficult to solve on classical computers.
Quantum simulation allows scientists to study the dynamics of complex quantum systems with interacting components.
The advantage of using a quantum computer for this simulation is that the quantum system itself is described by a wave function, eliminating the need to significantly increase classical resources.
This makes quantum simulation an attractive way to study quantum dynamics.
In this particular study, the team focused on simulating spin chains, which serve as models for understanding magnetism in more complex materials.
They investigated the long-term behavior of spin excitation and noted the super-propagation, which is characterized by faster transmission as the size of the system increases.
The researchers were able to verify the existence of the Cardar-Parisi-Jang equation, which describes the random growth of surfaces, in the quantum dynamics of the simulated system.
Programming quantum computers comes with its own set of challenges.
One of the big challenges is dealing with errors and disruptions caused by noise and environmental factors.
Reducing program uptime is critical to mitigating the impact of these disruptions on results.
This achievement by quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin underscores the potential of quantum computing in furthering our understanding of fundamental physics and facilitating future technological advances.
As quantum simulation becomes more widespread, Trinity ’ s Quantum Alliance, in partnership with IBM and other industry collaborators, is well positioned to drive further innovation in the field.
Source
– Nathan Keenan, Nial F.
Robertson, Tara Murphy, Sergey Jock, John Gould, “Evidence for measuring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang on a digital quantum simulator ” (npj Quantum Information, 2023)

**Quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin have achieved a significant breakthrough by simulating superdiffusion in a system of interacting quantum particles on a quantum computer.

Title:

Content: Quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin have achieved a significant breakthrough by simulating superdiffusion in a system of interacting quantum particles on a quantum computer.
This achievement, made possible through a collaboration with IBM Dublin, opens up new avenues for research in condensed matter physics and materials science.
The team used a 27-qubit quantum computer located at the IBM lab in New York but programmed remotely from Dublin.
Quantum computing, a booming field, is showing promising results for both commercial applications and basic research.
Through simulations, the researchers aim to gain insights into quantum transfer calculations, which are difficult to solve on classical computers.
Quantum simulation allows scientists to study the dynamics of complex quantum systems with interacting components.
The advantage of using a quantum computer for this simulation is that the quantum system itself is described by a wave function, eliminating the need to significantly increase classical resources.
This makes quantum simulation an attractive way to study quantum dynamics.
In this particular study, the team focused on simulating spin chains, which serve as models for understanding magnetism in more complex materials.
They investigated the long-term behavior of spin excitation and noted the super-propagation, which is characterized by faster transmission as the size of the system increases.
The researchers were able to verify the existence of the Cardar-Parisi-Jang equation, which describes the random growth of surfaces, in the quantum dynamics of the simulated system.
Programming quantum computers comes with its own set of challenges.
One of the big challenges is dealing with errors and disruptions caused by noise and environmental factors.
Reducing program uptime is critical to mitigating the impact of these disruptions on results.
This achievement by quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin underscores the potential of quantum computing in furthering our understanding of fundamental physics and facilitating future technological advances.
As quantum simulation becomes more widespread, Trinity ’ s Quantum Alliance, in partnership with IBM and other industry collaborators, is well positioned to drive further innovation in the field.
Source
– Nathan Keenan, Nial F.
Robertson, Tara Murphy, Sergey Jock, John Gould, “Evidence for measuring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang on a digital quantum simulator ” (npj Quantum Information, 2023)

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

**

2.

Title:

Content: Colleges prepare you for the job market after graduation.
Launching of Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering Programs at Tanta Engineering
Friday ، 11 August 2023 06: 00 PM
Tanta University
Governorates – Ahmed Marai – Mohammed Suleiman Adel Darrah – Mahmoud Maqbool – Asma Ali Badr
Leave a comment and read the comments of the readers.
Dr. Mahmoud Zaki, President of Tanta University, announced the introduction of new programs in the system of credit hours in the latest sciences and disciplines in the faculties to modernize and develop its educational system and to qualify graduates to compete in the labor market locally and internationally and keep pace with the country 's plans in development.
He added that the strategic plan of Tanta University aims to develop the study programs according to the latest sciences and disciplines in the faculties to modernize and develop its educational system and to qualify graduates to compete in the labor market locally and internationally and support the vision of Egypt 2030 and the national strategy for higher education through study tracks that include supporting knowledge and skills.
For his part, Dr. Mohammed Hussein, Vice President for Education and Students Affairs, added that the new programs are between the two disciplines, where the artificial intelligence engineering program includes engineering, computers and information, and the biomedical engineering program includes engineering and medicine, stressing that the drafting of the study regulations was in accordance with the latest international standards to keep pace with the huge development in the technological and digital fields.
Dr. Ahmed Nasr, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, explained that the new programs begin to receive students from the academic year next September and the system of credit hours, where the graduation requirements include the graduate study 160 credit hours, stressing that the approval of the Engineering Sector Committee and the Supreme Council of Universities came after a careful study of the material and human potential at the Faculty of Engineering from specialized laboratories and study spaces and specialized faculty members.
Leave a comment and read the comments of the readers.
No comments on the news.
Leave a comment
Your comment will appear after the review.

**The Shaheen 3 supercomputer, set to be 20 times faster than the current system, is the most powerful supercomputing system in the Middle East to address critical areas that have an impact on society and the environment.

Title:

Content: The people.
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology selects Hewlett Packard Enterprise to build the most powerful supercomputer system in the Middle East
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) has announced the selection of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, a leading global ICT company, to build the next generation Shaheen 3 supercomputer to deliver the latest supercomputing and artificial intelligence capabilities and advance scientific research in many fields including food, water, energy and the environment.
Increasingly, supercomputing capabilities are key to global innovation, industrial competitiveness and economic growth.
Supercomputing has played a major role in accelerating vaccine discovery to combat the epidemic, developing clean energy systems to increase sustainability, and reaching new possibilities in artificial intelligence, making it a key technology for solving the world ’ s most challenging scientific and engineering problems.
The Shaheen 3 supercomputer, set to be 20 times faster than the current system, is the most powerful supercomputing system in the Middle East to address critical areas that have an impact on society and the environment. The new system, being built by Hewlett Packard Enterprise, will revolutionize KAUST ’ s ability to process vast amounts of data at tremendous speed and volume, enabling its users to discover what was not possible before, and realize new capabilities. Artificial intelligence.
The computer system will be built using the HPE Cray EX supercomputer, a next-generation platform designed to support unprecedented performance and scale, including achieving exaflop speed, allowing KAUST to apply significant computational power towards modeling and simulating scientific problems faster and with higher accuracy.
Hewlett-Packard Enterprise ’ s supercomputing capabilities enable AI at scale by combining massive computing power with the specialized capabilities required to build machine learning models and train large amounts of data. It will enhance KAUST ’ s AI mission at scale by integrating the Machine Learning Development Environment, an improved software suite for model training and development. AI models faster and larger for increased accuracy.
Commenting on the event, Antonio Neri, President and CEO of Hewlett-Packard, said: “Our goal at Hewlett-Packard Enterprise is to advance the way people live and work, and we are honored to help support Saudi Arabia ’ s Vision 2030 for a new era of innovation by enabling KAUST with the latest supercomputer systems ever. ” Through the wide application of supercomputing capabilities and artificial intelligence to increase accuracy in analytics and solve complex scientific questions.
Professor Tony Chan, President of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), explained that the HPE Cray EX supercomputer system will allow us to conduct research on a larger scale, leading to significant scientific, economic and social progress, noting that in line with Vision 2030, we strive to meet the ever-increasing demand by active and solution-based faculty, as well as the demands of external partners, for faster and more efficient computing resources. At KAUST by more than half of the faculty, students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers from more than 20 institutions in Saudi Arabia.
The Shaheen 3 supercomputer system will be fully operational in 2023. The new system will process unique data sets in focus areas such as clean combustion, Red Sea ecosystems, climate modelling and Arabian tectonic plates, while delivering high-resolution analysis, modelling and simulation. KAUST users plan to target a range of applications, including the design of new materials for low-cost, high-performance solar photovoltaics. It will also be used in the areas of personal preventive health care, new drug discovery, increased hydrocarbon recovery with lower environmental and economic costs, and the use of genetic and genomic approaches to enhance plant tolerance to drought and resilience in desert environments.
Equipped with more than 2,800 NVIDIA Grace Hopper Superchips and tightly interconnected CPU / GPU accelerators, the Shaheen 3 supercomputer will enable the development of new and scalable technologies in core AI areas such as deep learning, enhanced learning, unified learning, visual computing, natural and language processing, as well as providing unique opportunities to scale up traditional high-performance computing workloads. The accelerator section of the GPU will facilitate the widespread use of applied AI in science and engineering applications, including computational chemistry, biology and materials science, which were previously futile due to the large-scale nature of the data sets produced and used in KAUST.
Over the coming years, applications will increase, with Shaheen 3 expected to deliver 100 petaflops / s performance and outstanding AI modeling capabilities.
Dr. David Keyes, President of the Supercomputing Center at KAUST and Professor of Applied and Computational Mathematics at the University, pointed out that the supercomputer system is a global scientific tool used by scientists and engineers in each discipline for tasks such as simulation, experimental data analysis, learning from observed data, data storage and retrieval efficiently.
As one of the world ’ s leading supercomputing centers, KAUST relies on the success of its first supercomputer, Shaheen 1, launched in 2009, followed by Shaheen 2, a Cray-based supercomputer, which is 25 times faster than its predecessor at 5.54 petaflops / s.
Dr. Jesu Li, Facilities Director of KAUST Computing Research Core Laboratory, added that Shaheen 2 has provided 6.8 billion basic hours of computing to more than 1,467 users, resulting in the use of data in about 1,030 scientific publications to date, noting Shaheen 3 will ensure that the KAUST community maintains its edge as a global university in computational science.
Forrest Norwood, Senior Vice President and General Manager of AMD Data Center Solutions Business Group, said: “AMD is committed to making continuous progress in the scientific research and development of high-performance computing, and is contributing to the advancement of technology in the field of computer modeling, simulation and artificial intelligence.
Supported by AMD EPYC processors, Shaheen 3 will accelerate new discoveries that will have regional and global impacts on climate, clean energy and modelling the movement of plate tectonics.
This was made possible by the collaboration between KAUST scientists and HPE. ”
Ian Buck, Vice President of HyperCycle and High Performance Computing at Nvidia, said, “As we delve deeper into the era of artificial intelligence in Exascale computing, supercomputers such as Shaheen 3 have become fundamental to changing society, noting that thanks to our deep collaboration with KAUST and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, and the adoption of the new Grace Hopper Superchip, Shaheen 3 will be a key scientific tool offering performance. to help tackle the world ’ s toughest challenges. ”
Publish it.
More people.

**

3.

Title:

Content: Colleges prepare you for the job market after graduation.
Launching of Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering Programs at Tanta Engineering
Friday ، 11 August 2023 06: 00 PM
Tanta University
Governorates – Ahmed Marai – Mohammed Suleiman Adel Darrah – Mahmoud Maqbool – Asma Ali Badr
Leave a comment and read the comments of the readers.
Dr. Mahmoud Zaki, President of Tanta University, announced the introduction of new programs in the system of credit hours in the latest sciences and disciplines in the faculties to modernize and develop its educational system and to qualify graduates to compete in the labor market locally and internationally and keep pace with the country 's plans in development.
He added that the strategic plan of Tanta University aims to develop the study programs according to the latest sciences and disciplines in the faculties to modernize and develop its educational system and to qualify graduates to compete in the labor market locally and internationally and support the vision of Egypt 2030 and the national strategy for higher education through study tracks that include supporting knowledge and skills.
For his part, Dr. Mohammed Hussein, Vice President for Education and Students Affairs, added that the new programs are between the two disciplines, where the artificial intelligence engineering program includes engineering, computers and information, and the biomedical engineering program includes engineering and medicine, stressing that the drafting of the study regulations was in accordance with the latest international standards to keep pace with the huge development in the technological and digital fields.
Dr. Ahmed Nasr, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, explained that the new programs begin to receive students from the academic year next September and the system of credit hours, where the graduation requirements include the graduate study 160 credit hours, stressing that the approval of the Engineering Sector Committee and the Supreme Council of Universities came after a careful study of the material and human potential at the Faculty of Engineering from specialized laboratories and study spaces and specialized faculty members.
Leave a comment and read the comments of the readers.
No comments on the news.
Leave a comment
Your comment will appear after the review.

**At the moment, this technology is not ready for use yet, but with further development it will become the most important way to probe the material.

Title:

Content: It can detect the movement of atoms within matter.
New camera is 250 times faster than existing cameras
At the moment, this technology is not ready for use yet, but with further development it will become the most important way to probe the material.
Imagine that you are filming a football match, and the shutter speed of the camera is slow enough to match the speed of the players, they will appear vague and unclear, and conversely if we use a sophisticated camera and the shutter speed is large, the image of the players will be quite clear.
Scientists have previously known that the movement of molecules and atoms within materials can improve the performance of renewable energy applications, such as converting sunlight or converting waste heat into electricity.
So researchers at Columbia University in the United States, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Bourgogne in France, have developed a new camera that can image the movement of atoms within materials, known as "dynamic turbulence" and have published the results in the journal Nature Material.
What is the dynamic turbulence within the material?
Dynamic Disorder within materials occurs when groups of atoms in a material move in certain ways, over a period of time, due to vibration or temperature changes, and studying this motion is important for improving the properties and interactions of materials.
Unfortunately, it was difficult to study dynamic turbulence and understand what it was, because it was impossible to see it, because the shutter speed of the cameras was slow compared to the speed of the atoms, and therefore not enough to photograph it.
The fastest digital cameras on the market have a shutter speed of about 4 milliseconds, and to capture this movement it is necessary to develop a faster shutter speed.
How do scientists visualize dynamic turbulence?
The team conducted their experiment using a regular camera, whose lens shuts slowly, and the image of the structures of the atoms appeared blurry.
By contrast, the image of the structures of the atoms was clear when they used another camera with a high shutter speed of about one pico / s or a trillion times faster than a normal camera shutter.
Simon Billings, professor of materials science, applied physics, and applied mathematics at Columbia University, said in a press release published on the university ’ s website on March 7, “We used a new tool that enabled us to see dynamic turbulence in materials in the eye view, the Atomic Pair Distribution Function (vsPDF). moving atoms within matter".
The atomic pair distribution function technique relies on the use of neutrons to monitor the position of atoms, and the researchers have applied it to germanium telluride (GeTe), which is widely used because of its distinctive properties in converting waste heat into electricity, or converting electricity into cooling.
Developing the Environmentally Friendly Appliance Industry
The camera revealed that the structures of atoms in germanium telluride remained as regular as a crystal at almost all temperatures, but at higher temperatures, the atoms were dynamically disturbed, and the energy of motion (turbulence) in the atoms was converted into thermal energy.
Understanding the dynamic turbulence of atoms within materials leads to the development of more energy-efficient, environmentally friendly thermoelectric devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps, improved recovery of energy from waste heat from automobile exhausts to convert heat into electricity, and the development of tools that power Martian spacecraft when sunlight disappears.
The technology is not yet ready for use, but with further development it will become the most important way to probe materials.
The Columbia University professor of science and his research team are now working to present his research to the scientific community in an accessible way and apply it to other materials.
Source: Websites

**

Other sentences in the text are either unrelated to quantum computing, focus on other scientific or technological domains, or discuss general advances in mathematics and modeling rather than the international landscape or competition in quantum computing.

Title:

Content: Magic of numbers and letters.
To what extent does mathematics permeate our lives?
Introduction to Translation
Many believe that the role played by mathematics is limited only to the sciences of physics and its branches of disciplines such as astronomy or materials science, but this is far from true, mathematics enters almost all areas of science, and currently, for example, emerging therapeutic hypotheses in cancer science rely entirely on calculations to track the tumor and understand how it spreads, and extends to models of weather prediction and how the machines we all use and how the brain works Epidemiological vaccinations.
In this translated article from NewScientist, the author focuses mainly on a relatively new branch of mathematics that follows calculus, that part that we have long seen as difficult and tedious in our curriculum, and how it can affect our lives to an unimaginable extent.
Translation text
This is the defining moment, the real danger, “Your life is in their hands. ”
As soon as the anesthesiologist starts counting down from 10, you have an obsession that remains in your psyche: you are about to lose the ability to feel and breathe completely on your own.
From the moment you lose consciousness, you will rely almost entirely on your anesthesiologist to keep you alive and prevent you from waking up in the middle of surgery.
What we don ’ t realize is that it ’ s not just about the anesthesiologist ’ s personal decisions, but also about the mathematical models that support the monitoring systems anesthesiologists use to properly regulate the flow of drugs.
At the heart of these mathematical models is calculus, a branch of mathematics that helps explain and predict how changes occur.
This ability is very fundamental in the scientific field and has been enhanced by calculus, which has played a crucial role in supporting scientific developments since its invention in its modern form nearly 300 years ago.
But now it ’ s time to move to another level of complexity.
When we try to create mathematical models to represent complex situations or situations such as the patient ’ s response to anesthesia, we will deduce the fact that traditional calculus is incapable of achieving our own goals on this issue, due to its limited capabilities in this area.
That's exactly why there's always an anesthesiologist in the room.
However, in recent years there has been a radical and rapid development of calculus aimed at providing a set of mathematical tools that will help us understand the details of physical processes with unprecedented precision.
Not only can these cutting-edge sports technologies provide the best way to deliver medicine to the patient ’ s body, they can also help us solve a wide range of problems, from cancer detection to preventing the spread of pollution, to developing more efficient batteries.
Abdoun Atangana of the Free State University in Bloemfontein, South Africa, who has contributed to the development of some of the basic mathematical models behind the developments we are now talking about, says: “I cannot identify the infinite ways in which this mathematical development can be applied. ”
Traditional calculus gives us a way to create mathematical models of changing systems, and then help us make predictions.
Take for example the speed of movement.
What happens once you hit the accelerator in the car?
The speed will increase, of course, but what you might forget is that the rate of acceleration depends on several factors, including the current speed at which the car is traveling, how powerful the engine is, the force applied to the pedal, and whether the car is going up or down.
Calculus also gives us the ability to understand and control many aspects of the physical world.
It is no exaggeration to say that calculus led the scientific revolution that paved the way to the industrial revolution and then to the modern world.
Despite its considerable benefits, calculus is still limited in some areas.
Take, for example, the process of calculus, one of the two main operations in calculus.
Differentiation tells us about the rate at which something changes.
If we talk about a car trip, the calculus can tell us about the rate at which the car's position changes, which we usually call velocity, and this process is known as the first-order derivative, where the differential is first applied to the car's position changes over time, which is known as velocity *.
When we talk about the derivative of the second degree, we mean the rate of change of the initial rate of change, in the sense that it is used to understand how the initial rates (such as velocity) change over time or by the influence of other forces, which is known as acceleration (the rate of change in velocity over time).
If we go further, we need the derivative of the third degree to explain how the rate of acceleration itself changes over time.
The problem is that traditional calculus uses integers only to calculate changes, such as the first, second, or third derivative.
In fact, however, there are changes in the ranges between these integers.
For example, it may be difficult to understand what is meant by two-thirds of the rate of change of something, but it still exists and has an effect, and luckily there is someone who helps us better understand and analyze these changes: fractional calculus.
So the big question remains: is there a way to calculate what actually happens in these spaces between integers, or what mathematicians call fractional derivatives?
In 1695, the mathematician Gottfried Leibniz, who co-invented calculus, was confronted with this question by the French mathematician Guillaume de Lupital.
Leibniz did not know the answer, but his insight inspired him to respond wisely at the time: "The idea of fractional derivatives may be a bit confusing and ambiguous, but it will eventually produce a paradox from which we may one day draw desirable conclusions."
We ’ re not sure if there really is a real paradox, but Leibniz was at least right about interest.
Calculating the change in areas that traditional calculus does not reach — where things get more complicated — gives us a deeper understanding and greater control of the physical world.
For example, systems that use data from sensors to monitor and modify their behavior need more accuracy than conventional calculus can provide.
For example, in aircraft vertical take-off and landing control systems such as the Harrier Jump Jet, or in systems that suppress vibrations on the wings of commercial aircraft, traditional calculus tends to provide only approximate solutions, which may not be enough to capture all the fine details of complex systems, while fractional calculus can provide more precise solutions and handle complexities better.
The same applies to a lot of what happens inside your body.
If we think a little bit, we'll discover how some substances in the human body, such as those that have elastic viscosity and are abundant in biological systems, have properties that lie somewhere in the middle between the properties of liquids and solids.
It is therefore difficult to apply traditional mathematical models to accurately describe the behavior of such materials, because each state of matter requires a different kind of differentiation.
For example, the movement of viscous fluid can be modeled using the first-order derivative because viscosity usually depends on the speed of movement.
Similarly, a material with solid elasticity can be modeled using the second-order derivative, as when releasing a tight elastic band, where acceleration is concerned.
But neither of these methods is accurate enough when modeling materials such as arterial walls or heart muscle, as the behaviors and properties of these materials depend on the forces they are exposed to.
So in the end, we need something between the first and second degrees that can model the interstates of these materials.
Here emerges the role of fractional calculus, which did not develop after Leibniz ’ s vague statements until long after.
In 1832, mathematicians Bernard Riemann and Joseph Leauville came up with a method for carrying out integration (the second of the two operations in calculus) known as fractional integration.
Let ’ s talk about traditional calculus, if you combine, for example, speed with time (which is the process of integration), you get the distance traveled.
Based on this, both Riemann and Leuville discovered that just as you can perform repetitive integrations on the result of an integration, you can also devise a way to partially implement this integration, which will eventually lead to fractional integration.
The important development of fractional calculus began in 1967, when mathematician Michel Caputo devised a new way to define fractional integration and its inverse, the fractional derivative.
Fortunately, Caputo ’ s findings opened the door to new ways in which the integration of fractional functions could be established.
This innovation also gave way to many mathematicians to develop similar tools.
Aran Fernandes, who studies the mathematical properties of fractional calculus at the Eastern Mediterranean University in Cyprus, said: “Recent years have seen a steady stream of new definitions. ”
More like a memory.
Mathematical references currently abound with fractional factors, each designed for a different purpose, and all are useful in some way.
As the mathematician Abdoun Atangana puts it: “The only reason we use mathematics is to try to harness it to understand nature, but it is still impossible for a single mathematical agent to achieve this goal. ”
Indeed, in 2015 Atangana introduced his own fractional factor and sent the result to Professor Dumitru Palino of Çankaya University in Ankara, Turkey, for examination.
Atangana said: “When he read it, he told me that I had come with an amazing achievement, as if I had opened the gates of heaven for them. ”
Baleno ’ s enthusiasm stemmed from his prediction that the discovery of Atangana would bring them great benefits, such as harnessing it in many different fields, and he was not mistaken.
If we ask what the discovery of Atangana might yield, we will realize that part of the significance of his invention lies in the fact that it provided an alternative to the way fractional integration was calculated until then.
The previous method relied on the "law of force", a mathematical relationship between two factors, in which one is changed as the force of the other.
The relations of the laws of force can be seen in many natural phenomena such as earthquakes.
The probability of an earthquake of a certain magnitude over a certain period of time is related to earthquake intensity through a mathematical relationship called the law of force known as the Gutenberg-Richter law which describes the relationship between earthquake strength and frequency.
The problem with these laws of force is that they describe processes that have no definite beginning and end, and only provide a rough description of how something develops.
Similarly, Ernest Jean Witt of the University of Lugano in Switzerland argues that the laws of force give a general or preliminary estimate of how something evolves, but are not accurate enough to provide a detailed or accurate description of the phenomenon studied.
But the fractional factor developed by Atangana was able to replace the term law of force with something known as the Metag-Leffler function, which gives his tool the ability to deal with unexpected changes that might go unnoticed by conventional calculus, increasing the accuracy and flexibility of the results that can be achieved using this tool.
To put it simply, imagine with me that groundwater contaminated with toxic waste is leaking into farmers' soil, what would happen in a situation like this?
Slowly polluted water will continue its quest to cover the largest area of land.
But if the earth has a crack in its interior, everything will change.
Atangana said: “Once the water reaches the crack, it starts flowing towards it at an incredible speed.
This phenomenon, known as "crossover", has in the past called for the use of different and complex mathematical models to analyze the system, which has made calculations very difficult.
However, Atangana was able to devise a new method that could be used to analyze the entire system as it evolved using only one fractional factor (thanks to this method, researchers and scientists were able to analyze changes in the system more effectively and simply, without the need to use several complex models).
Atangana, on the other hand, argues that nature is riddled with phenomena in which this process of intersectionality is manifested (a phenomenon in which behaviors change a lot from one stage to the next).
For example, mathematicians seeking to develop a mathematical model of disease prevalence have used the fractional factor developed by Atangana to model real-world problems.
In 2018, Palino and colleagues from Turkey, Nigeria and Pakistan showed that the new fractional factor is capable of finding solutions to a previously intractable problem: how to choose the optimal vaccination strategy when an epidemic involving two strains of pathogens wreaks havoc in the population.
In the past, scientists have had to solve six extremely complex equations, and worse, they only work if they can find the variables of the equations that reflect real values in the real world, a painstaking process that pays off through trial and error.
Thanks to the new agent developed by Atangana, the researchers were quickly able to find a solution that gives a closer match to real data about the spread of the strains.
This technique has already proven effective in modelling the spread of COVID-19 in some populations.
Full details retrieval
Palino and his colleagues attribute this success to the fact that fractional factors, including the atangana-palino-factor, can design something more like memory.
Think about how long it takes for a computer ’ s battery to lose all of its charge, for example.
If the battery is old and has gone through many charging cycles, its life span may be much shorter than if it were new.
Conventional calculus has no way of calculating or considering these memory effects, which makes predictions irrelevant.
Models and control systems based on fractional derivatives can take such effects into account in their operations.
The strength of this fractional factor is clearly demonstrated in the field of anesthesia, where memory plays a central role in a computerized drug control and delivery system.
Dana Cobot, from the University of Ghent in Belgium, said: “I use the term memory to track how medications affect a patient and avoid overdoses. ”
How the body processes drugs depends on their concentration in the bloodstream, as researchers face the challenge of keeping drug concentrations in the blood at their optimal level.
Traditional calculus cannot accurately design the process, which in turn results in an underestimation or overestimation compared to actual data in the real world.
As a result, patients may receive very small doses of the drug, resulting in either waking up or feeling pain during surgery.
But by contrast, fractional calculus can incorporate a memory of previous doses of drugs that have already been given to the patient.
“Using the term memory, we can take into account all the characteristics or factors involved, ” says Kubot, which allows researchers to figure out the right doses and exact times of medication intake.
Although it may take time for a computer to control how much anaesthetic a patient is receiving, Kubot is confident it could one day.
And indeed fractional calculus began in medical consulting rooms.
Cobot is part of a collaboration that used this technology to develop a system that can distinguish between asthma and COPD.
This system works by comparing physiological symptoms with those expected from multiple fractal models, so in the coming years there may be many uses for fractional calculus.
For example, if we talk about medicine, we find that this branch of mathematics may help to understand how cancer spreads and how treatments affect it.
Outside of medicine, Shandong University in China has shown that fractional calculus can provide a better estimate of the battery life of electric vehicles by modeling the factors that affect battery consumption and depletion.
Ultimately, fractional calculus won ’ t be the answer to everything, of course, and that ’ s what Atangana concludes: “Although we seek to understand nature through mathematics, its complexity precludes it, and its complexity exceeds the ability of mathematics to explain it. ”
However, fractional calculus can unveil more nuanced details to understand the beautiful chaos of nature than any previous mathematical tool.
300 years after Leibniz ’ s prediction, the techniques developed later proved more accurate than many.
Source: Websites

The selected sentences mention a quantum computing research breakthrough, advanced computing capacity in the Middle East (supercomputers are often used for quantum computing simulation and research), and candid assessment of the maturity and future potential of quantum technology.

Title:

Content: Quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin have achieved a significant breakthrough by simulating superdiffusion in a system of interacting quantum particles on a quantum computer.
This achievement, made possible through a collaboration with IBM Dublin, opens up new avenues for research in condensed matter physics and materials science.
The team used a 27-qubit quantum computer located at the IBM lab in New York but programmed remotely from Dublin.
Quantum computing, a booming field, is showing promising results for both commercial applications and basic research.
Through simulations, the researchers aim to gain insights into quantum transfer calculations, which are difficult to solve on classical computers.
Quantum simulation allows scientists to study the dynamics of complex quantum systems with interacting components.
The advantage of using a quantum computer for this simulation is that the quantum system itself is described by a wave function, eliminating the need to significantly increase classical resources.
This makes quantum simulation an attractive way to study quantum dynamics.
In this particular study, the team focused on simulating spin chains, which serve as models for understanding magnetism in more complex materials.
They investigated the long-term behavior of spin excitation and noted the super-propagation, which is characterized by faster transmission as the size of the system increases.
The researchers were able to verify the existence of the Cardar-Parisi-Jang equation, which describes the random growth of surfaces, in the quantum dynamics of the simulated system.
Programming quantum computers comes with its own set of challenges.
One of the big challenges is dealing with errors and disruptions caused by noise and environmental factors.
Reducing program uptime is critical to mitigating the impact of these disruptions on results.
This achievement by quantum physicists at Trinity College Dublin underscores the potential of quantum computing in furthering our understanding of fundamental physics and facilitating future technological advances.
As quantum simulation becomes more widespread, Trinity ’ s Quantum Alliance, in partnership with IBM and other industry collaborators, is well positioned to drive further innovation in the field.
Source
– Nathan Keenan, Nial F.
Robertson, Tara Murphy, Sergey Jock, John Gould, “Evidence for measuring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang on a digital quantum simulator ” (npj Quantum Information, 2023)

Here are the **key sentences** relevant to your information request about the current status, international competition, company and country leadership, investment, and progress in quantum computing, extracted from the provided text:

1.

Title:

Content: It is reported that Singapore quantum computing startup Horizon Quantum Computing has recently announced that it has raised $18.1 million in Series A investment from institutions including Sequoia India, Tencent, SGInnovate, Pappas Capital and Expeditions Fund.
Horizon Quantum Computing has raised $21.3 million in funding.
Although the proportion of relevant investors was not announced this time, according to a report from April last year, Tencent had provided Horizon Quantum Computing with a $12 million Series A financing at that time.
Horizon Quantum Computing was founded in 2018 by Dr. Joe Fitzsimons, an expert in the field of quantum computing, and led by Dr. Si-Hui Tan, a lead scientist, to enable developers to write, compile, and deploy quantum applications based on classical programming languages and traditional computers with no knowledge of quantum computing.
According to Horizon ’ s official website, its quantum scientists have an average of more than eight years of post-doctoral work experience.
As the company ’ s founding background, Horizon Quantum Computing said that at this stage, the popularity of quantum computing will mainly encounter challenges in the following two aspects: that is, the hardware facilities that can support large-scale quantum computing, and the software tools that allow programmers to use the hardware to solve real-world problems.
Horizon Quantum Computing is currently looking at the second problem through its technology solution.
The company also revealed that it has reached key milestones in its technology development, and at the Q2B conference in Silicon Valley last December, the company also demonstrated its integrated development environment and announced that it will launch the Early Access program this year.
In a statement, Horizon Quantum Computing said it will strengthen its technology team and accelerate product development.
In addition, the company also revealed that it plans to open a new engineering center in Ireland (also its first European office, and the engineering center is also recruiting) and bring Horizon ’ s technology to market.
It is worth mentioning that as far as Tencent is concerned, Tencent has set up Tencent Quantum Lab in 18 years
It is understood that the laboratory, headed by Zhang Shengyu, an international expert on quantum algorithms, computational complexity and quantum artificial intelligence and a tenured professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, aims to study quantum computing systems, algorithms and basic theories for quantum computing and quantum system simulation, as well as applications in related fields and industries.
At the same time, the laboratory will also develop new quantum combination algorithms and quantum AI algorithms, and analyze the application prospects in information processing, new drug research and development and material design.
On the other hand, sources quoted a conversation between the founders of Horizon Quantum Computing as saying that Tencent ’ s investment in the company was purely for financial purposes.
Moreover, the company accepted Tencent's investment because Tencent is an "expert" in the field.

**The research team composed of Pan Jianwei, Lu Chaoyang, Liu Naile and other researchers, in cooperation with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, recently successfully built 113 photon 144 mode of quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapter 2", solving Gaussian Bose sampling mathematical problems 10 times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer.

Title:

Content: People 's Network > > Education
China achieves "quantum computing superiority" in two physical systems
Xu Jing
October 27, 2021 08: 26 | Source: People's Daily - People's Daily
Small number
Original title: Quantum computing prototype "Zuchongzhi II" and "Jiuchang II" came out - China in two physical systems to achieve "quantum computing superiority"
Recently, the research team of China University of Science and Technology has made important progress in the quantum computing of superconducting quantum and light quantum systems, and successfully developed the "Zu Chongzhi II" and "Jiuchang II", making China the only country in the world to achieve the "quantum computing superiority" milestone in the two physical systems.
The research team composed of Pan Jianwei, Zhu Xiaobo and Peng Chengzhi, and the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, recently successfully built the 66-bit programmable superconducting quantum computing prototype "Zuchongzhi II", which solved the "quantum random line sampling" task more than 10 million times faster than the fastest supercomputer in the world.
The research team composed of Pan Jianwei, Lu Chaoyang, Liu Naile and other researchers, in cooperation with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, recently successfully built 113 photon 144 mode of quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapter 2", solving Gaussian Bose sampling mathematical problems 10 times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer.
In 1981, Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman proposed the idea of a quantum computer.
Quantum computing is thought to be a key technology for the next generation of the information revolution.
"'Quantum computing superiority' refers to a specific task, or a special track, that surpasses the current supercomputer," said Lu Chaoyang, a professor at the China University of Science and Technology.
The physical realization of large-scale quantum computers is one of the major challenges at the forefront of world science and technology.
Therefore, to achieve the physical realization of quantum computing, the international academic community takes a three-step road map.
Among them, the first milestone, is known academically as the “superiority of quantum computing. ”
At present, random line sampling based on superconducting bits and Bose sampling based on photons are two important schemes to demonstrate the superiority of quantum computing experimentally.
The latest achievements of these two programs are "Zuchongzhi II" and "Jiuchang II" respectively.
"In terms of volume, you can think of the two as a large special computing device that can be installed in a room," Lu said.
As for the difference between the two, Lu Chaoyang said, mainly the media is different, "superconducting quantum computing mainly depends on the medium is superconducting material, light quantum computing mainly depends on the medium is photon."
According to the existing theory, the speed of the quantum-random line sampling problem handled by "Zuchongzhi II" is 7 orders of magnitude faster than the fastest supercomputer at present, and this achievement is the first time that China has reached the "quantum computing superiority" milestone after the "nine chapters" of the optical quantum computing prototype in the superconducting quantum bit system.
According to the existing theory, Nine Chapters Two can process Gaussian Bose samples 10 times faster than the current fastest supercomputer 24 times faster.
This achievement has once again refreshed the international technical level of light quantum manipulation, and further provided experimental evidence of quantum computing acceleration.
According to reports, the successful demonstration of the superiority of quantum computing marks the second stage of the development of quantum computing research, and begins the exploration of quantum error correction and recent applications.
"At present, the development of quantum computing is still in a very early stage, it is difficult to predict how broad the application prospects in the end, but now, it can improve our computing capabilities, in many scientific research areas are very helpful, such as drug design, molecular simulation, code deciphering, etc." Lu Chaoyang said.
People 's Daily (October 27, 2021, 12 pages)
(Editor: Lin Yutong (intern), Wen Lu)
Share it so more people can see it.
Back to top

What advantages do quantum computers have over conventional computers?

extremely complex calculations
extremely fast calculations

What are important areas in quantum research?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

China's "Jiuzhang-2" quantum supremacy experiment

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

**

2.

Title:

Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
Three questions young scientific and technological talents: what kind of "new star" in the scientific sky is shining
December 27, 2021 08: 52 | Source: Guangming Daily
Small number
Original title: Three questions young scientific and technological talents: how the "new star" in the scientific sky is shining
Editor's Note
In the field of scientific research, the youth stage is a precious "golden period".
At this time, the source of innovation is rushing, the light of ideas is jumping, and they are satisfied with exploring the unknown.
If the field of scientific research is a sky, then young scientific and technological talents are shining among the stars.
General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the central talent work conference that it is necessary to create a large-scale contingent of young scientific and technological talents, put the policy of cultivating the national strategic talent force on young scientific and technological talents, and support young talents to pick the big beam and be the protagonist.
What kind of group are young scientific and technological talents? What bottlenecks exist in their growth, and what kind of demands are they in their hearts? How to help young scientific and technological talents grow steadily and release their potential? We will then push the "three questions" to explore the path for them to better "pick the big beam and be the protagonist".
【 In-depth investigation 】
It was a cold night again. Yang Chao was still at his desk thinking about an algorithm problem that could not be solved for a long time.
Suddenly, a spark lit up the idea, everything suddenly opened up, and the long-lasting sense of loneliness turned into a great sense of satisfaction.
Yang Chao, 42, is a professor in the School of Mathematical Sciences at Peking University and has made great achievements in the field of large-scale parallel computing.
Today, many young people like Yang Chao stand out in the scientific circuit of the new era, and shoulder the heavy responsibility for China's science and technology to achieve the century from "running" to "leading", and become the mainstay.
What kind of group is this? How do they light up the sky of science with fervent enthusiasm? Together we approach these rising "science stars".
1 Who are they?
A few years ago, Yang Chao led the team responsible for the optimization of the HPCG benchmarking program on the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.
At first, the lack of funds and other problems followed, but he still recognized: technological innovation, the matter is of great importance, and it is worth doing.
So, build the team and start as scheduled.
In the meantime, new algorithms continue to emerge, and new breakthroughs follow.
In the end, the HPCG benchmark of Tianhe-2 supercomputer ranked first in the world, and the performance exceeded the technical solutions provided by foreign companies.
When he reached the top of the mountain and looked back, he understood the importance of choice.
That year, Yang was over 35 years old.
Hoes, shovels, sealed bags... this is the "standard" for scientific research by Huang Huichuan, associate professor of the School of Plant Protection of Yunnan Agricultural University.
Since his mentor Professor Zhu Youyong opened the planting project of Chinese medicinal materials under the forest in Lancang County, Yunnan, he is used to "looking for trees everywhere, squatting on the half-slope to see the soil, and sitting on the hometown Kang Tou to talk about technology."
A few years later, a research study on the use of biological diversity to control the incidence of diseases and pests of Chinese medicinal materials was successfully transformed and became a standard to be popularized in practice. "The paper written on the ground" made the people rich in pockets and full of energy on the road to rural revitalization.
That year, Huang Huichuan was 34 years old.
The study of differential geometry is often “the solo dance of one ’ s mind. ”
Numbers, symbols, formulas, like jumping notes, combine to form sometimes high and sometimes low tunes. "Most of the time in the calculation, hard thinking, only a few moments can be inspired to flash." But Ziyan Wenjiao, a professor in the School of Mathematical Sciences of Beijing Normal University, immersed in it, let the intelligent "bud" bloom one after another: she collaborated with tutor Tang Qiu zhou to conquer such situations. The first eigenvalue conjecture conundrum of Cheng Tong was published in the top international geometric magazine.
To date, this is still the latest research progress in the field.
He was 28 years old that year.
“The age of 25 to 45 is a golden age for tech talent to grow.
During this period, there is abundant knowledge reserve and creativity is at its peak, and it is most likely to achieve high-level academic results, said Ding Minglei, a researcher at the China Academy of Science and Technology Development.
Looking at China's major scientific and technological innovation achievements, almost all of them have a group of young people behind them: the average age of the "Chang'e team", the "Shenzhou team", the average age of the "Beidou team", the average age of the "Beidou team", the average age of the winners of the 2019 National Natural Science Award is 44.6 years old, and the youngest team is only 35 years old.
According to the Fourth National Survey on the Status of Science and Technology Workers, the average age of China's science and technology workers is 35.9 years, and young people have become the main part of the scientific research team.
"The increasing degree of internationalization is a distinctive feature of this group."
Ding Minglei, chairman of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, made the remarks at a meeting
At present, China has promoted the construction of various international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation platforms, and has gradually become a very attractive fertile ground for global innovation and entrepreneurship, and more international intellectual resources will be enriched to this team.
In addition, most of the young scientific and technological personnel have strong information skills.
"Under the influence of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, profound changes are taking place in the scientific research paradigm," Ding said.
Big data and artificial intelligence provide new directions and application scenarios for scientific discovery and technological innovation.
In today's open sharing of knowledge, research and development activities tend to be networked and ecological, information technology has become a necessary tool to carry out scientific research.
What areas do young scientists mainly focus on?
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, young scientists were set up in the national key research and development plan, covering key key projects such as nanotechnology, synthetic biology, quantum regulation and quantum information, digital diagnosis and treatment equipment, and 90 percent of the leading talents in science and technology innovation, involving information, agriculture, advanced manufacturing, population and health, resources and environment.
"In the construction of important talent centers and innovation highlands in the world, young scientists have attracted much attention.
Some of the world's talent centers are in the 'catch-up stage' when their main scientific and technological talents are not too old, such as: Italy, 35 to 45 years old; Britain, 36 to 45 years old; Germany, 41 to 45 years old...
2) How can they
"Mathematics is a very pure discipline, if you are sleepy, do the problem, immediately excited." Yan Wenjiao love the profession bluntly, it is this pure let her always have the courage to break the ice forward.
In the past two years, her new goal has been to extend the results of the "Chen Sheng-shen conjecture" to arbitrary dimensions.
How difficult is it?
The predecessors extended the result calculation to four and six dimensions at most.
But she is not in a hurry, not to give up, because the secret under the "iceberg" is really fascinating. "There is a blockage, it is temporarily put down, often turned out 'chew', bit by bit progress." Steady and steady, the difficult problem gradually solved, her path to learning has been opened up a lot.
"Love can make you overcome a lot of difficulties." Chen Chen, a professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University, was committed to institutional research and once sat on the "cold bench". "I worked in Singapore many years ago, because institutional research is basic theory research, project funding is not much, it is very difficult to stick to it."
When I returned home, many people came to Chen Yan with engineering projects. She said: “Without basic theory, there is no source of innovation. It is better to continue to cultivate and maintain characteristics than people. ” In 2015, Chen Yan cracked the problem of thick plate origami with a new theoretical model, and the results were published in Science magazine.
Today, she often "persuades" the best students to learn basic theory, and strives to attract more "living water" for source innovation.
Guo Guoping, a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, was very excited when he recalled the official release of the Benyuan Wuyuan superconducting 6-bit quantum computer. Four months, 50 people, with the "7 × 12" (7 working days a week, 12 hours a day) working mode, he and his colleagues completed the construction of the operating system, application software, and cloud platform.
In order to achieve a common goal, a group of people from different disciplines such as physics, computers, microelectronics, network security, etc., collaborated with each other, twisting together like a rope, and promoted the successful launch of the first domestic superconducting quantum computer cloud platform system.
When the busiest time, "everyone sits in front of the computer and does not move," seeing the sun "has become an extravagant hope."
The long road of scientific research, setbacks often occur.
How to reverse the trend?
Zhang Xian, professor of electrical engineering at Hebei University of Technology, has his own experience - "It is normal to encounter misfortune, and after the breakthrough, there may be unexpected gains."
According to published academic papers, the maximum transmission distance of wireless charging can reach 2 meters, and his goal is to break through 5 meters and reach 10 meters.
However, after a period of time, the experiment encountered a "roadblock" and seemed to have reached the limit of transmission distance.
He and the team did a lot of analysis and comparison from the perspective of circuits, magnetic fields, energy, materials, etc., but they couldn't find the reason.
A few days later, another experiment.
The transmitter coil of the wireless charging system suddenly ignited, emitting a 5 cm high ion flame.
They rushed to check and found that the scale was increased.
This seemingly faulty operation allowed Zhang Xian to find that the power of the radio energy transmission increased and was fully loaded onto the coil.
After solving the ignition problem, the test was retested, and the transmission effect proved to be two steps higher than before.
The outstanding problems have finally been solved.
"Academics are really an 'addictive' thing" "scientific research is like 'mining', as long as the direction is correct and the method is correct, even if the cycle is longer, sooner or later there will be results"... more hearts are gathered into a song of green spring, flying towards the light.
How to Build More “Them ”
When Huang Hui-chuan discovered that he had brought a hoe with him for the first time to do research with Professor Zhu You-yung in the mountains of Lancang County, he was curious that the academician had to go down to the ground himself.
Unexpectedly, as soon as he got out of the car, the instructor picked up a hoe, planed the ground, squatted down, picked up a piece of dirt and smelled it, and put it in a bag and carried it back to the laboratory.
This scene made a deep impression on Huang Huichuan.
In his later studies, he inherited this habit.
Zhang Xian had a problem with a set of data: three identical experiments, three different results.
Professor Yang Qingxin, the tutor, told the students to work together in the laboratory until the early morning, "the next day he has a lot of school affairs and meetings to deal with."
The guidance of the instructor allowed Zhang Xianmao to open up, improve the data, and a new conclusion was confirmed.
“Education and learning are equally important.
People with good character, regardless of immediate interests, often more people are willing to cooperate, which is a higher level of 'gain'. "Yan Wenjiao in the tutor Professor Tang Zizhou understanding the" gain and loss view ": do not fall into the square, look at the long-term.
Tutors or scientific research guides are crucial to the growth of young talents in terms of academic attainments, teacher ethics and educational ideas.
Wang believes that the "guidance system" is one of the important models for the training of scientific and technological innovation talents, "which can promote the all-round development of students' academic and personal development in the academic inheritance."
Professor Chen Jin of the School of Economics and Management of Tsinghua University said: "If young people can get the guidance of the older generation of experts in 10 to 20 years after graduation, it will be very far-reaching." Focus on advantages, team tackling problems, bring out teams in big projects, and let young people board a broad platform, pick the big beam and play the leading role.
Support and support for young people is also crucial.
At the beginning of her return to China, Chen Yan's college gave her a "reassurance pill": there was no ready-made laboratory, the college took the initiative to coordinate; personal scientific research funds were temporarily unavailable, and the college lent her temporarily to meet the needs of "immediate work", "not allowing people, money, and things to become a constraint."
Years of scientific research experience also make Chen Yan often think: an excellent academic group should be good at tapping the expertise of different talents, removing bad habits such as seniority and urgency, gradually weakening the personal identity label, and focusing on stimulating the creative enthusiasm of most people.
The policy push is keeping up.
In recent years, China has set up special projects such as the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund and the Young Talents Promotion Project, and has also highlighted the policy guidance of supporting young talents in many project applications and awards.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Science and Technology, among the first batch of key projects to start in the 14th Five-Year Plan 2021 guidelines, 43 special projects have been set up for young scientists, accounting for about 80% of the first batch of key projects to start in the 14th Five-Year Plan, and plans to support more than 230 young scientists in 2021.
In this regard, Chen Jin believes that should face the major needs of the country, the formation of interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research teams, fully release the creative enthusiasm of young people, make breakthroughs in scientific principle discovery or multi-technology convergence development, and promote the continuous production of original theories and technologies.
(Reporter Li Xiao)
(Project team: reporter Li Xiao, Yang Xuedan, Jin Xiaoyan, Chang He, Chen Jianqiang, Jin Haotian)
(Editor: Zhao Zhuqing, Chen Jian)
Share it so more people can see it.
Back to top

**In October this year, the CAS team built the "Nine Chapter Two", once again refreshing the international technical level of light quantum manipulation.

Title:

Content: People 's Daily Online > > Economy and Technology
The University of Science and Technology of China adheres to the concept of "use is the best cultivation", giving young people a burden.
Here, there is a stage for thousands of miles (to accelerate the construction of the world's important talent center and innovation highland ③)
Our reporter Yu Sinan
December 27, 2021 05: 42 | Source: People's Daily - People's Daily
Small number
Fu Binqing (first from right) and his students observe mouse embryonic development through a stereoscopic microscope at the Life Science Laboratory Center.
University of Science and Technology of China
Some members of the "Chapter 9" research team pose for photos in the laboratory.
The fourth left is Deng Yuhao, and the fifth left is Zhong Hansen.
University of Science and Technology of China
At the end of 2020, the "nine chapters" of the quantum computing prototype appeared, shocking the world.
This is the first time that Chinese scientists have realized the "superiority of quantum computing", which is regarded as a milestone breakthrough in quantum computing.
A team of scientists from the Chinese University of Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the Chinese University of Science and Technology), with the "post-90s" as the main body, has completed this major achievement.
The "post-90s" research on quantum computers is the epitome of the rapid growth of young talents at the Chinese University of Science and Technology.
As of November 2021, the University of Science and Technology has 533 high-level talents of various types at the national level. Among the more than 1,400 teachers, the proportion of 45 years old and below reached 74%.
Why is the "Millima" competing here?
Adhere to the "use is the best training", give young people a burden, promote growth.
Deng Yuhao, 24, is one of the first authors of the "Nine Chapters" results. In 2017, when he was in his third year of undergraduate, he accidentally read a classic paper on quantum information, and was attracted by the research prospects in this field.
"Although I am studying physics, I have not yet established a systematic knowledge of quantum information, and I have no experimental experience in related systems. I did not think that the teacher let me do such an important task." Deng Yuhao recalled, just entered his senior year, Professor Lu Chaoyang gave himself "astronomical scale quantum interference" experimental work.
This is a work based on a new concept. Deng Yuhao was originally a novice, and when he asked his brothers to teach, he also said that “there is a challenge ” and“ it is not good to say ”. “But Teacher Lu seems to be very sure, and encouraged me to study and give guidance when I encounter problems. ”
Deng Yuhao 's efforts paid off. In 2019, his paper was published in the Physical Review Letters.
At this time, Deng Yuhao, a first-year master's student, completed enough results to earn a doctorate.
Zhong Hansen, another first author of “Nine Chapters ” work, has a similar experience. In 2016, shortly after joining Lu Chaoyang ’ s research group in his third year of undergraduate, he began to do research on 12 photon entanglement.
At the time, the best result in academia was 10 photon entanglement, which was a job no one had ever dabbled in.
"Some things are not taught, to master in practice." Zhong Hansen remembers the teacher's teaching.
At the beginning of 2017, he completed the research idea, made the best comprehensive quality entanglement source at that time, and realized 12 photon entanglement on this basis. Zhong Hansen continued to explore and explore the experimental path of “Gaussian Bose Sampling ”, which is the method of“ Nine Chapters ” to achieve “the superiority of quantum computing ”.
For the 20-year-old Zhong Hansen and Deng Yuhao, building the "Nine Chapters" is an unprecedented challenge.
Although theoretically, the solution with "Gaussian Bose sampling" is expected to achieve "quantum computing superiority", but the scientific engineering faces too many unknown, they were once lost.
"This is a rare opportunity for researchers to make heavyweight research." Lu Chaoyang gave them encouragement, and drew elite soldiers from the whole group, and research resources were given priority.
As it turns out, the work of "nine chapters" is indeed a big deal: in the past year, the paper has been cited about 500 times, making it one of the highest international citations in the field of quantum information.
In October this year, the CAS team built the "Nine Chapter Two", once again refreshing the international technical level of light quantum manipulation. Zhong Hansen, 26, is an important backbone of this work.
At present, the research and development work of "Nine Chapter Three" is being carried out intensively, and Deng Yuhao took over Zhong Hansen and became an important backbone of this project.
At this time, in the field of research and development, there have been "00 after". "I will teach them good experience and continue the good tradition of the research group." Deng Yuhao told reporters.
It ’ s not just the Sun Research Group.
The Chinese University of Science and Technology adheres to the concept of "using is the best training", and promotes the growth of young people, including students.
Ten years ago, many students from the Chinese University of Science and Technology went to European and American universities for further study. Today, more and more people are staying in the school to continue their research.
The support received, the work done, is no worse than the top research groups abroad.
Build public scientific research conditions and build a good platform for young teachers to start
In 2013, Fu Binqing was hired as a special associate researcher of the School of Life Sciences of the Chinese University of Science and Technology.
Although working in a large scientific research team, but in the initial stage of research, young teachers' scientific research resources are relatively limited, facing the pressure of promotion and retention within the six-year employment period, Fu Binqing felt the pressure at first.
However, she soon settled down, including the "reassurance pill" scientific research public experimental platform.
"The scientific research public platform has rich, cutting-edge scientific instruments, and open to the whole school, everyone can queue up to apply, hourly billing." Fu Binqing told reporters, benefiting from this, his own project quickly ran up, the progress of the research was not delayed at all.
In 2018, with excellent results, in the fifth year of the assessment period, Fu Binqing successfully turned into an associate professor in the School of Life Sciences.
The young teacher grew rapidly after crossing the first kaner.
Now, Fu Binqing has set up his own laboratory, with doctoral students to do research, not only in the field of reproductive immunity, but also participated in the clinical research of the fight against COVID-19, and the relevant research results have been adopted into the treatment plan of severe COVID-19 patients.
Concentrating resources to build an open and shared "big platform" is the tradition of the Chinese University of Science and Technology.
As early as 2000, the school spent 80 million yuan to build four public experimental centers.
The school's consideration is: rather than "pepper", it is better to build a public scientific research platform.
The Chinese University of Science and Technology is mainly based on basic research in science and technology, and the demand for some cutting-edge experimental equipment and software platforms is common.
Constructing a centralized and shared public experimental platform can give full play to the utility of national resources than keeping instruments and equipment in a few task groups.
In recent years, to meet the growing demand for scientific research, the public experimental platform of the Chinese University of Science and Technology has become increasingly perfect.
At present, the school has built six public experimental centers, including physical and chemical science, life science, engineering and materials science.
At the Chinese University of Science and Technology, young teachers do not have to worry about doing research without scientific research conditions.
Each public experimental platform every year to purchase equipment, will collect the views of scientists, and then the platform expert committee to plan.
In order to run the public platform well, the school has set up professional management talents and developed a transparent and perfect management system.
Because of the convenience of sharing, professional technical services, the frequency of use of the instruments of the public experimental platform is very high, and some popular equipment is even operating 24 hours a day throughout the year, and the resources are used to the maximum extent.
Xue Tian, minister of human resources of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, told reporters that while strict requirements are put forward for young people, it is more necessary to provide sufficient guarantees so that they have a stage to fully display their talents.
Xue said that in recent years, the Chinese University of Science and Technology has explored targeted support measures according to the needs of talents at different levels and at different stages.
For example, in order to strengthen the training and support of outstanding young talents and create a new generation of academic leading talents, since 2017, the school has implemented the academic leading talents training plan, key financial support for outstanding young talents with development potential, and funded its strengthening of laboratories and team building.
"Talent first" service concept, let scientists feel at ease to do scientific research
In 2018, before returning to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang Bing received a tenured teaching position at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and is a well-known young scholar in the field of geometric flow.
To create a scientific research team and settle the family, Wang Bing often needed to deal with the administrative department in the early days of his return.
Wang Bing told reporters that he was not good at communication, and that he had misunderstood the staff of the human resources department because of a certain job. But every time he went to work, the staff here were very enthusiastic and solved many real problems. "I felt their enthusiasm for serving scientific research."
In recent years, there are more and more outstanding overseas talents returning to China Science and Technology University. Xue Tian told reporters that overseas scientific researchers return to China, usually there is a period of adaptation, and the responsibility of the administrative department is to do a good job of service, to help them adapt to and fully carry out teaching and research work as soon as possible.
"Talent first" is the service concept of China Science and Technology University.
According to the tradition of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, the heads of some major administrative services departments are academic and administrative shoulders.
"These cadres work in the front line of teaching and research, understand the needs of talents at different stages, and are easy to push themselves and others when dealing with talents," Xue said.
In addition to serving as the Minister of Human Resources, Xue Tian is also the Executive Director of the Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, and has achieved outstanding research results in light signal transduction, neural circuits and visual regeneration and repair of photoreceptive neurobiology.
"The policy of personnel work is very strong, and on the premise of strictly abiding by the personnel system and principles, we strive to do our work in a practical and detailed manner, and to be more humane."
For example, if the system does not allow a certain demand, while trying to explain and gain understanding, but also actively solve specific problems for talents within the scope of the principles of the system, instead of simply holding the provisions and coldly saying 'no'. "Xue Tian said.
How to set up a team as soon as possible is a matter of great concern for overseas talents to return home.
In response to this concern, in 2012, the Chinese University of Science and Technology implemented a system of appointment of scientific researchers, encouraging the introduction of talents to recruit members on their own.
To set up a high-level scientific research team and make a weighty voice on behalf of Chinese researchers in his own field of work is the original intention of Wang Bing's return to China.
After three years of returning home, his idea is becoming a reality.
He worked with his former mentors, Chen Xiuxiong and Chen Qing, to establish the Geometry and Physics Center gradually on the right track.
After the adjustment period, Wang Bing felt more and more that returning home was the right choice: there is a strong academic atmosphere, there is a vigorous vitality, there are top smart students, and there are dedicated colleagues.
In November 2020, Wang Bing and Chen Xiuxiong made a major breakthrough in the field of differential geometry, successfully proving the two core conjectures that have been pending in the international mathematical community for more than 20 years.
“We have excellent students, the right research and communication environment, strong support from the school, and I am confident in the future of the team. ”
King told reporters.
Jiang Yi, executive deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the talent work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has a fine tradition.
In recent years, in order to help talents grow and develop in an all-round way, the school has built an academic honor system, and the talent team, including young talents, has endogenous motivation throughout the academic life cycle.
As long as it is a thousand miles, you can find the stage here.
People 's Daily (December 27, 2021, 18 pages)
(Editor: Zhao Xinyue, Yuan Bo)
Share it so more people can see it.
Back to top

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

What have been the landmark achievements in quantum computing?

China's "Jiuzhang-2" quantum supremacy experiment

What seminal quantum computers/ processors have been developed?

**

3.

Title:

Content: Recently, Huawei signed a cooperation agreement with three Hubei universities, namely Central South University of Nationalities, Wuhan Engineering University and Hubei University of Technology, to build the first batch of “Kunpeng & Shengteng Production Education Integration Education Base ”, which provides native talents and intellectual support for key core areas of China ’ s computing industry.
This signing is a key milestone for Kunpeng and Shengteng's integration to extend and expand to more high-level colleges.
Huawei will always uphold the spirit of sincerity, openness and pragmatism, continue to deepen the integration of industry and education innovation, support educational institutions to accelerate the cultivation of teaching teachers who master the key basic technologies of independent innovation, precipitate teaching and scientific research innovation reform experience and assets, and drive school students to build differentiated talent competitiveness with industrial practice.
Jiang Tao, vice president of Huawei ’ s computing product line, said that Kunpeng & Shengteng ’ s production, education and education integration education base will be orderly expanded for more high-level colleges across the country, open up “production, study and research ”, build an industry-driven knowledge system and talent system, and provide native talents and intellectual support for the key core areas of China ’ s computing industry.
Kunpeng & Shengteng production and education integration and education education base will adopt the "joint investment and construction" model of colleges and universities, Huawei and the government, and jointly promote the deepening of production and education integration through four major measures:
• Enabling curriculum system, integrating Kunpeng and Shengteng technical knowledge into the compulsory curriculum system of science and engineering majors, such as syllabuses, training programs, teaching experiments, homework tests, etc.
• Joint teacher training, cultivate teachers who master Kunpeng and Shengteng teaching knowledge, can pass on the teaching profession, establish high-quality teaching resources and case library, and organize cross-professional, cross-school and cross-regional teaching seminars.
• Upgrading teaching materials and teaching aids, jointly building teaching materials, teaching aids books, online MOOC, and supporting examination questions.
• Strengthen industrial practice, through three types of innovative practical activities such as training, competition and actual combat, to accelerate the transformation of students from theory to practice and improve their hands-on skills.

**In recent years, the government has actively promoted the development of innovation and technology, and invested a lot of resources to support and absorb scientific research talents.

Title:

Content: Locally
2023-01-06 07: 30: 00
PolyU Chair Professor of Applied Mathematics Awarded Senior Research Scholar Funding to Focus on Research and Nurturing Young Talents
Information provided by the customer
Share:
In recent years, the government has actively promoted the development of innovation and technology, and invested a lot of resources to support and absorb scientific research talents.
The Research Grants Council (RGC) under the University Grants Committee (UGC) has launched the RGC Research Scholar Scheme and the RGC Senior Research Scholar Scheme to provide continuing support to academics in their academic and administrative roles so that they can focus on research and development.
Professor Sun Tak Fung, Chair and Head of Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and Professor Yang Tong, Chair, have been awarded the title of “Advanced Research Scholar ” by the RGC in 2022 / 23 and 2020 / 21 respectively.
Optimization research widely and effectively promote the development of autonomous driving, communication technology and other fields
Professor Sun has been focusing on optimization theory and algorithms. This year, he was selected as a “Senior Research Scholar ” for his“ Nonlinear conic programming ” (NLCOP).
Optimization research aims to solve the mathematical problem of optimizing the objective function under certain constraints, and non-linear cone planning is one of the core problems of optimization research.
Professor Sun said that they will plan to study how to effectively use AI technology, especially reinforcement learning, to help people solve large-scale “non-linear pyramid planning ” problems more effectively.
Professor Sun explained that the problem of “non-linear cone planning ” has a wide range of applications in daily life, including traffic design, such as traffic lights, railways, automobiles and other traffic planning, sixth generation wireless communication technology (6G), supply chain management, large-scale production planning, and automatic driving.
Professor Sun admitted that the theory behind these problems is more profound, and one of their tasks is to transform real-life problems into abstract mathematical problems and further research.
Professor Sun also took the cooperation project with Huawei (HUAWEI) as an example: "Huawei needs to produce a variety of components for production in a day, we designed and developed an optimization solver to help enterprises quickly calculate the best production procedures, the current efficient production plan must be matched by these rapid algorithms."
Solvers are commonly used in decision-making problems, helping enterprises to make rapid, safe and stable responses.
At present, the solution of large-scale "non-linear conical planning" problems still faces many challenges. If we can make progress on the research problem, it will not only promote the development of the entire optimization discipline, but also promote the development of many application fields.
Referring to the original intention of studying this project, Professor Sun pointed out: "I have long-term research and thinking on this issue.
The research of the past 30 years has laid the foundation for the project, and I think it ’ s time to start working on this core optimization problem. ”
Professor Sun was very pleased to learn that he was awarded the title of “Advanced Research Scholar ” in 2022 / 23.
“In addition to feeling very happy, I also feel that I have a heavier burden on my shoulders.
I intend to employ and support a group of young scholars and potential students to join this research project. I hope that this research project will be an opportunity to discover and develop a group of young talents who can play a leading role in the field of optimization research while achieving the desired goals.
Professor Sun is also optimistic about the future of research in Hong Kong. He believes that although the research road is full of challenges, it also brings unprecedented opportunities.
In addition, Hong Kong is uniquely positioned to serve as a bridge between China and the world, facilitating wider international academic exchanges.
Establishment of Hong Kong ’ s Major Mathematical Research Centre to enhance funding application mechanism to attract talents
Professor Yang Tong, who has just joined PolyU ’ s Department of Applied Mathematics, has been awarded the title of “Advanced Research Scholar ” in 2020 / 21 for his mathematical theoretical research project on kinematic models. Professor Yang said that most mathematical research does not directly solve practical problems. For example, many partial differential equations are derived from physical models.
The funded project has been in progress for two years, and Professor Yang said the project will reach the mid-term stage.
"Green's function estimation has been established, and then some difficult phenomena can be studied through this Green function."
He simply explained that the project is based on theoretical research, hoping that the results can be applied in practice.
"Our goal is how to use mathematical theory to explain certain physical phenomena and rigorously demonstrate them in mathematical language, which is difficult to achieve," Professor Yang continued.
Professor Yeung was delighted to receive the award. He said that he had been teaching in Hong Kong since 1994 and had spent relatively little time on research, having to combine teaching and administrative work over the years.
He was awarded the “Senior Research Scholar ” Research Fund, which allowed him to put aside his other work temporarily and devote himself to scientific research within five years, focusing on cultivating research talents.
As we enter the third year of the project, Professor Yang hopes to seize the time to bring new progress to the research at PolyU, which is full of vitality and energy.
When asked about his views on the future of research in Hong Kong, Professor Yeung said that Hong Kong's research funding is very abundant. In addition to the government, many enterprises and scientists have jointly sponsored awards such as the Future Science Award to support local research work.
This is of great help in attracting scientific talents and conducting innovative research.
He believes that Hong Kong can strengthen its efforts in uniting research talents, taking into account the establishment of mathematical research centers at home and abroad, and bringing together a large number of scientific research talents to promote exchanges.
He stressed that in order to attract professionals from all over the world, we must first improve the environment. “Hong Kong does not yet have a similar mathematical research centre, and resources are more dispersed. If there is more communication between the centres, it will be more effective to achieve results. ”
Professor Yang said that to attract young scholars with potential, it is important to optimize the mechanism and balance the interests of all parties. “In addition to teaching and research work, young people still have to write plans for research funding every year. ”
Privacy Protection Policy
Please read and accept the following privacy policy and disclaimer carefully. By clicking "Accept", you agree to and agree to the privacy policy and disclaimer contained in the am730 website.
LEARN MORE
Acceptance

**

4.

Title:

Content: Setup
• Day and night
with the system.
Light color
Dark color
• Theme Colors
Mobile phone smooth operation 47 billion models: Shanghai Jiaotong released LLM mobile reasoning framework PowerInfer-2, speed up 29 times
Quantum Bit 2024 / 6 / 12 12: 06: 00 Editor ： Wang Miao
As soon as Apple launched, the deployment of large models on mobile devices such as mobile phones inevitably became the focus of the industry.
However, the current model running on mobile devices is relatively small (Apple ’ s is 3B, Google ’ s is 2B) and consumes a lot of memory, which largely limits its application scenarios.
Even Apple now needs to work with OpenAI to provide more capable services by embedding the cloud GPT-4o big model into the operating system.
As a result, Apple ’ s hybrid solution has caused a lot of discussion and controversy about data privacy, and even Musk has ended up discussing it.
If Apple integrates OpenAI at the operating system level, then Apple devices will be banned from my company.
This is an unacceptable security breach.
Since the solution of deploying a large model locally on the terminal side not only allows mobile phone users to enjoy the powerful intelligence of AI, but also protects their privacy and security, why should Apple choose to join forces with OpenAI to adopt a large model in the cloud at the risk of invasion of privacy?
The main challenges are twofold:
• Mobile phone memory is not large enough: According to the Scaling Law law of large models, the larger the model parameters, the stronger the ability to correspond to, which means that the more powerful models have higher memory requirements.
• Mobile computing power is not strong enough: even if the model is forced to be stuffed into the mobile phone by means of quantification, the reasoning speed is also slow, and the suitable application scenarios are very limited.
In order to solve the above challenges, the IPADS Laboratory of Shanghai Jiaotong University launched a large model inference engine for mobile phones (the paper has been published on arxiv): PowerInfer-2.0
PowerInfer-2.0 enables fast inference on a smartphone with limited memory, allowing the Mixtral 47B model to reach speeds of 11 tokens / s on the phone.
Compared to the popular open source reasoning framework llama.cpp, PowerInfer-2.0 achieves 25 times faster inference than average and up to 29 times faster inference
In order to fully release the maximum potential of the PowerInfer-2.0 framework, the Shanghai Jiaotong University team also proposed the supporting large model optimization technology Turbo Sparse, and the related paper has recently uploaded arxiv, and has attracted attention in the industry.
It is also worth mentioning that at the end of last year, the Shanghai Jiaotong University team proposed a rapid reasoning framework for the PC scene, PowerInfer-1.0, on the hardware of consumer graphics cards such as 4090, achieved 11 times faster reasoning than llama.cpp, and topped the GitHub trend list for three consecutive days, and obtained 5k GitHub star in 5 days, which has reached 7.1k star.
Compared with PC, the memory and computing power of mobile phones are more constrained, so how does PowerInfer-2.0 accelerate large model reasoning for the mobile phone scene?
Dynamic Neuron Cache
First, to address the problem of insufficient memory (DRAM) in mobile phones, PowerInfer-2.0 takes advantage of a feature of sparse model inference: only a small number of neurons need to be activated at a time, that is, "sparse activation".
Neurons that are not activated will not affect the output quality of the model even if they are not involved in the inference calculation of the AI model.
Sparse activation creates new opportunities to reduce memory usage for model inference.
To take full advantage of sparse activation, PowerInfer-2.0 divides the neurons in the entire neural network into cold and hot, and maintains a cache of neurons in memory based on the LRU strategy.
Recently activated "hot neurons" are placed in running memory, while "cold neurons" are pulled into memory only when they are predicted to be activated, significantly reducing memory usage.
In fact, the classification of hot and cold neurons is inherited from the existing practice of PowerInfer-1.0.
In December last year, Apple proposed a “sliding window ” technology similar to neuron caching in the“ LLM in a Flash ” inference scheme for large language models facing the end side.
But these jobs are mainly aimed at the PC environment, directly migrated to the mobile phone environment, and will encounter new problems.
First of all, the hardware conditions of the mobile phone platform are far less than that of the PC, whether it is computing power, total memory or storage bandwidth, there is a large gap with the PC.
Secondly, the mobile phone hardware platform has three heterogeneous computing units, namely CPU, GPU and NPU, which are very complex.
The major hardware platforms will emphasize a final computing power, in fact, the CPU, GPU, NPU to provide the computing power add up.
However, it is still a problem to make efficient use of various heterogeneous computing power when running large models.
Isomerization of Neuron Clusters as Particle Size
In response to this, PowerInfer-2.0 further decomposes coarse-grained large matrix computations into fine-grained "neuronal clusters".
Each neuron cluster can contain several neurons involved in the computation.
For different processors, the size of the neuron clusters is dynamically determined according to the characteristics of the processor.
For example, NPU is good at computing large matrices, so all neurons can be combined into a large cluster of neurons, and together they can be handed over to NPU computing, so that the computing power of NPU can be fully utilized.
When using the CPU, multiple fine-grained neuron clusters can be disassembled and distributed to multiple CPU cores to compute together.
Specifically, PowerInfer-2.0 has designed two sets of neuron cluster partitioning schemes for the prefill and decoding phases of model inference:
The prefill phase will input a lot of tokens at once, and basically most of the neurons will be activated, so choose to use the large neuron cluster to the NPU calculation. The CPU is not idle at this time, and performs the anti-quantization model weight operation for the NPU in the background.
The decoding stage has only one token at a time, which has high sparsity, so it is more suitable to divide into several fine-grained neuron clusters, and give the CPU the flexibility to schedule and perform calculations.
The concept of neuron clusters not only better adapts to the heterogeneous computing environment of mobile phones, but also naturally supports the parallel execution of compute and storage I / O pipelines.
PowerInfer-2.0 proposes piecewise neuron caching and neuron cluster-level pipelining technology, where one neuron cluster waits for I / O while another neuron cluster is ready for computation on the processor in time, thus fully hiding the I / O latency.
At the same time, the pipeline based on neuron clusters breaks the traditional matrix computing mode in the traditional inference engine, and allows neuron clusters from different parameter matrices to be interleaved to achieve the highest parallel efficiency.
The speed at which I / O loads neurons is also critical for model reasoning.
Segmented caching will adopt different strategies for different weight types (such as attention weight, predictor weight, and feed-forward network weight) to improve cache hit rate and reduce unnecessary disk I / O
The cache also uses the LRU replacement algorithm to dynamically update the actual hot and cold conditions of each neuron, ensuring that the hottest neurons are in the cache.
In addition, PowerInfer-2.0 also designed a special model storage format for the performance characteristics of UFS 4.0 storage for mobile phones to improve reading performance.
Finally, take a look at the actual test results, using one plus 12 and one plus Ace 2 test phones, in the case of memory constraints, the pre-fill speed of PowerInfer-2.0 is significantly higher than that of llama.cpp and LLM in a Flash ("LLMFlash"):
The decoding phase is also where PowerInfer-2.0 takes a big advantage.
Especially for a large model like the Mixtral 47B, it can also run 11.68 tokens / s on the phone:
For the Mistral 7B model that can be put into the mobile phone running memory, PowerInfer-2.0 can save 40% of the memory, achieving the same level and even faster decoding speed as llama.cpp and MLC-LLM:
PowerInfer-2.0 is a model-system collaborative design scheme that requires predictable sparsity in the model.
How to adapt the model to the PowerInfer-2.0 framework at a low cost is also a major challenge.
Low cost and high quality greatly improve model sparsity
The traditional simplicity of ReLU sparsity will have no small impact on the original ability of the model.
In order to overcome this problem, Shanghai Jiaotong University IPADS in conjunction with Tsinghua and Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory proposed a low-cost sparsity method, which not only greatly improves the sparsity of the model, but also maintains the original ability of the model!
First, the paper analyzes the problem of model sparsity in depth:
The simple introduction of ReLU in LLaMA-like models can introduce a certain degree of sparsity, but the sparsity is still limited.
The sparsity process causes the model accuracy to decrease due to the shortage of training corpus and the shortage of training tokens.
In order to improve the sparsity of the model, the dReLU activation function is proposed on the basis of ReLU.
On the one hand, the zero-element ratio in the output value is intuitively improved, and on the other hand, the gate and up matrix weights completed by the original model training can be reused more effectively in the sparsification process.
To overcome the model ’ s declining capabilities, the team collected a diverse corpus of continuing training, including web pages, code, and mathematical datasets.
High quality, diverse training data helps the model maintain and improve performance after sparsity.
Finally, the team trained two TurboSparse large models for validation, the 8x7B and 7B large models.
Thanks to the high quality of the continuous training corpus, the TurboSparse series model model can even surpass the original model (see Table 6).
The effect is also very significant in terms of sparsity.
Compared with the original Mixtral model that needs to activate 13B parameters, TurboSparse-Mixtral only needs to activate 4.3B parameters, and the number of activated parameters is one-third of the original model.
Regarding the cost of the sparsity process, TurboSparse ’ s paper describes that the model needs to continue to train 150B tokens during the transformation process, which is less than 5% compared to the pre-training (assuming 3T tokens), indicating that the cost is very low.
Accelerate technology out of the lab.
From the perspective of inference framework and transformation model, the results of the Shanghai Jiaotong University team realized the rapid inference of large language model in resource-constrained scenarios such as mobile phones.
And the potential of this scheme is more than mobile phones, and there are more application prospects in the future in the direction of vehicle equipment and smart homes.
Finally, a formal presentation of the team.
The Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems (IPADS) of Shanghai Jiaotong University, led by Professor Chen Haibo, has 13 teachers and more than 100 students.
IPADS has been engaged in computer system research for a long time, and has been ranked in the top two in the world in the field of Operating Systems of CSRankings in the authoritative list for the past 10 years, second only to MIT; Shanghai Jiaotong University is also the only Asian university in the top 10.
At present, Shanghai Jiaotong University IPADS has opened up the sparse model weights on Huggingface.
In the future, if PowerInfer-2.0 can further cooperate closely with mobile phone manufacturers, it is believed that it can accelerate the relevant technology out of the laboratory and landing in various real scenes.
Advertisement Statement: The external redirect links contained in the text (including not limited to hyperlinks, QR codes, passwords, etc.) are used to convey more information and save selection time. The results are for reference only. All articles of IT House contain this statement.
Soft media 's website: IT home hot products - Value shopping guide, coupons most buy - rebate coupons iPhone home Win7 home Win10 home Win11 home
Soft media software: Cube cool point desktop Win7 optimization master Win10 optimization master soft media mobile APP application

**It is reported that Singapore quantum computing startup Horizon Quantum Computing has recently announced that it has raised $18.1 million in Series A investment from institutions including Sequoia India, Tencent, SGInnovate, Pappas Capital and Expeditions Fund.

**

5.

**Recently, Huawei signed a cooperation agreement with three Hubei universities, namely Central South University of Nationalities, Wuhan Engineering University and Hubei University of Technology, to build the first batch of “Kunpeng & Shengteng Production Education Integration Education Base”, which provides native talents and intellectual support for key core areas of China’s computing industry.

Title:

Content: Recently, Huawei signed a cooperation agreement with three Hubei universities, namely Central South University of Nationalities, Wuhan Engineering University and Hubei University of Technology, to build the first batch of “Kunpeng & Shengteng Production Education Integration Education Base ”, which provides native talents and intellectual support for key core areas of China ’ s computing industry.
This signing is a key milestone for Kunpeng and Shengteng's integration to extend and expand to more high-level colleges.
Huawei will always uphold the spirit of sincerity, openness and pragmatism, continue to deepen the integration of industry and education innovation, support educational institutions to accelerate the cultivation of teaching teachers who master the key basic technologies of independent innovation, precipitate teaching and scientific research innovation reform experience and assets, and drive school students to build differentiated talent competitiveness with industrial practice.
Jiang Tao, vice president of Huawei ’ s computing product line, said that Kunpeng & Shengteng ’ s production, education and education integration education base will be orderly expanded for more high-level colleges across the country, open up “production, study and research ”, build an industry-driven knowledge system and talent system, and provide native talents and intellectual support for the key core areas of China ’ s computing industry.
Kunpeng & Shengteng production and education integration and education education base will adopt the "joint investment and construction" model of colleges and universities, Huawei and the government, and jointly promote the deepening of production and education integration through four major measures:
• Enabling curriculum system, integrating Kunpeng and Shengteng technical knowledge into the compulsory curriculum system of science and engineering majors, such as syllabuses, training programs, teaching experiments, homework tests, etc.
• Joint teacher training, cultivate teachers who master Kunpeng and Shengteng teaching knowledge, can pass on the teaching profession, establish high-quality teaching resources and case library, and organize cross-professional, cross-school and cross-regional teaching seminars.
• Upgrading teaching materials and teaching aids, jointly building teaching materials, teaching aids books, online MOOC, and supporting examination questions.
• Strengthen industrial practice, through three types of innovative practical activities such as training, competition and actual combat, to accelerate the transformation of students from theory to practice and improve their hands-on skills.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

**

6.

**At the time, the best result in academia was 10 photon entanglement, which was a job no one had ever dabbled in.

**

**Summary of lessons and investment:**
- **China is achieving notable breakthroughs in photonic quantum computing and heavily investing in research infrastructure and talent development.

How much have countries and blocs invested in quantum computing?

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

**
- **Singapore is also active, with Horizon Quantum Computing raising substantial investments, involving both regional and international funding sources.

**
- **Chinese companies such as Huawei are deeply involved in building educational and research bases to foster native quantum technology talent.

Title:

Content: Recently, Huawei signed a cooperation agreement with three Hubei universities, namely Central South University of Nationalities, Wuhan Engineering University and Hubei University of Technology, to build the first batch of “Kunpeng & Shengteng Production Education Integration Education Base ”, which provides native talents and intellectual support for key core areas of China ’ s computing industry.
This signing is a key milestone for Kunpeng and Shengteng's integration to extend and expand to more high-level colleges.
Huawei will always uphold the spirit of sincerity, openness and pragmatism, continue to deepen the integration of industry and education innovation, support educational institutions to accelerate the cultivation of teaching teachers who master the key basic technologies of independent innovation, precipitate teaching and scientific research innovation reform experience and assets, and drive school students to build differentiated talent competitiveness with industrial practice.
Jiang Tao, vice president of Huawei ’ s computing product line, said that Kunpeng & Shengteng ’ s production, education and education integration education base will be orderly expanded for more high-level colleges across the country, open up “production, study and research ”, build an industry-driven knowledge system and talent system, and provide native talents and intellectual support for the key core areas of China ’ s computing industry.
Kunpeng & Shengteng production and education integration and education education base will adopt the "joint investment and construction" model of colleges and universities, Huawei and the government, and jointly promote the deepening of production and education integration through four major measures:
• Enabling curriculum system, integrating Kunpeng and Shengteng technical knowledge into the compulsory curriculum system of science and engineering majors, such as syllabuses, training programs, teaching experiments, homework tests, etc.
• Joint teacher training, cultivate teachers who master Kunpeng and Shengteng teaching knowledge, can pass on the teaching profession, establish high-quality teaching resources and case library, and organize cross-professional, cross-school and cross-regional teaching seminars.
• Upgrading teaching materials and teaching aids, jointly building teaching materials, teaching aids books, online MOOC, and supporting examination questions.
• Strengthen industrial practice, through three types of innovative practical activities such as training, competition and actual combat, to accelerate the transformation of students from theory to practice and improve their hands-on skills.

What countries and blocs are leading in developing quantum computing?

**

These sentences and summary provide a snapshot of the international landscape in quantum computing leadership, investment, and lessons learned.