Here are the key sentences from the provided text that are most relevant to your information request on biohacking, its methods, techniques, and scientific support:

- Isn’t that the very definition of biohacking?

- biohacking, reprogramming mind and body to live better
- It’s called “biohacking” and it comes from Silicon Valley.

- So we should be looking at biohacking as a path to even greater health and owning the opportunity to improve our lives,” says Maloof.

- Women are the original biohackers
- But as more women enter the biohacking space, we expect it to become more intuitive and less about hitting every single benchmark.

- It can be a little bit obsessive when you get into this thought pattern, and I just don't resonate with it.”
- The results are based on determining the process of ageing as an accumulation of damage to your body over time by over-activation of the immune system, leading to inflammation of the tissues and cells.

- “Inflammation is the thing that I have been paying attention to for the last 19 years, so I suppose it’s not a surprise,” Kenny says.

- What I wanted to do was bring the body back into harmony.”
- “At the time the idea that sugar was bad for you was kind of a new thing, but I removed sugar from my diet as much as I could and then took lots of foods that were anti-inflammatory,” she says.

- Her doctor reported that her lupus appeared to be in full remission and she was free of disease and in control of her arthritis symptoms.

- Kenny walks her dog for at least 30 minutes a day and has an active life.

- Do it slowly and then it becomes a habit.”

These sentences touch on core concepts in biohacking—self-optimization, anti-inflammation strategies, dietary changes, exercise, the sometimes obsessive nature of the movement, as well as anecdotal reports of health improvements, but they do not explicitly mention scientific evidence or research validation for specific methods.

For a more comprehensive report or scientific evaluation, additional evidence from clinical trials and peer-reviewed reviews would be needed.

Here are the extracted key sentences from your provided text, chosen for their relevance and importance to your information request about biohacking, self-optimization, health, longevity, and the scientific basis of such approaches:

1.

"Now the disease can be detected by a drop of blood."

"The proposed method has passed the stage of pilot testing on animals, and now experts are moving to research on human biomaterials."

"It is known that the development of a tumor is often, but not always, preceded by inflammation."

"The authors are confident that it will be possible to detect not only glioma, but also other types of tumors."

"Due to gas exchange, marker molecules that accompany some pathological process enter the exhaled air, and we catch them with the help of a gas analyzer."

"There should be four peaks on the profile of a healthy person, if less is an alarming sign."

"The EU will lend a helping hand to millions of patients with rare and poorly understood diagnoses."

"But how to cure it, science does not yet know."

"This is usually a long-term therapy that rarely leads to a full recovery."

"I think the more we talk about rare diseases, the more research is funded, the closer we are to giving patients a better life."

"A new method of cancer therapy has allowed to cure leukemia terminally ill child."

"Great Ormond Street’s team used gene editing technology that emerged just six years ago."

"However, the technology used to treat Alyssa is only a small fraction of what can be achieved using base editing."

"Sickle cell anemia, for example, is caused by a change in just one base that can be corrected."

"However, not all the data obtained in animal models can then be applied to humans."

"In the future, the results of the study can be used in the diagnosis and therapy of affective disorders."

"Researchers at the British Babraham Institute managed to reprogram human skin cells and make them 30 years younger."

"After reviewing millions of medical data for 2020 and 2021, the researchers found that patients who had undergone COVID-19 had higher rates of development of various neurodegenerative diseases."

"Even small changes in the DNA sequence in non-coding regions can significantly affect gene expression, which increases the risk of ASD."

"About one percent of people live with chromosomal aberrations of one kind or another."

"Therefore, it is very important to have reliable and rapid diagnostic methods that allow you to detect such mutations in time."

"Scientists have discovered the genes responsible for weight gain and weight loss."

"The study may help make a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity."

"A team of scientists from the University of Virginia during the study was able to identify 14 genes that can cause weight gain, and another 3 that can prevent it."

"Scientists: Humans can evolve into cyborgs."

These sentences address: early disease detection technologies, inflammation and its relation to disease, advances in genetics and diagnostics, limitations of current science, personalized/precision medicine, emerging therapies (gene editing, cell reprogramming), significance of reliable diagnostic methods, the genetic basis of diseases and obesity, and the future blending of biology with technology—all relevant or adjacent themes in biohacking and self-optimization.

Here are **the key sentences from the text, extracted for their importance and relevance to your information request about biohacking, methods for self-optimization, and their scientific support**:

---

1.

For the damage that may lead the individual to death, some found in them an escape from the worries and burdens of life, although the price they will pay for this is high.

But, as anyone who has ever taken a drug knows, every drug has side effects that range in severity, from mild things like a headache to symptoms as severe as the disease for which you took it, and additional drugs have to be taken to treat it.

My body started getting used to these drugs, and then I lost their effect, so I started to increase the dose.

I would take it if I found myself yawning after I turned off the alarm.

I turned into a wreck, always angry and lost my ability to connect with the world.

Kate reached the point where she found her life was falling apart on all levels, and here came her decision to stop taking those drugs once and for all.

It was hard for me to understand at the time that what I was going through was withdrawal symptoms; no one had warned me about the side effects of these drugs.

Phoebe and Jonny, students who had been helped by Nootropics during the exam period, soon noticed the bad effect on them; Phoebe began to feel severe pain in her stomach, and Jimmy felt that he was becoming too dependent on her for everything, and he ate it every morning without really needing it.

To become smarter and more productive is to meet modern day standards of success.

At first glance, this may not seem like a bad thing, so who wouldn’t want to be the best possible version of themselves?

---

**These sentences are particularly relevant as they:**
- Highlight the drive for self-optimization, productivity, and success that motivates biohacking behaviors.

- Illustrate the risk-benefit dilemma, especially with drug/supplement use (nootropics) for cognitive improvement.

- Reference physical and psychological dangers (side effects, dependence, tolerance, withdrawal).

- Show that people often escalate interventions (higher doses, more intense practices) when initial effects diminish.

- Note the lack of warning and preparation for adverse effects among users.

**Scientific support or skepticism is implied in the discussion of side effects, withdrawal, and lack of understanding—suggesting that not all biohacking methods are backed by solid clinical evidence, and some have real risks.

**

---

> These sentences summarize major concerns about popular biohacking techniques such as nootropic use: while some seek greater performance and well-being, they also face physical and mental health risks and may lack robust scientific backing.

Here are the key sentences related to your information request, extracted and focused on biohacking, health optimization, self-experimentation, and the importance of scientific evidence:

---

- Biohacking encompasses a range of self-optimization methods such as extreme dietary modifications (intermittent fasting, gluten-free, dairy-free, keto, and Bulletproof diet), high-intensity exercise routines, ice baths, and supplementation, often targeting "inflammation reduction" and "gut optimization".

- Popular nutrition methods among biohacking enthusiasts include intermittent fasting, ketogenic diets, gluten- and dairy-free protocols, and specialized diets like the Bulletproof diet, all claiming to boost energy or mental focus and reduce inflammation.

- Supplement intake is common in biohacking, with individuals consuming large quantities of vitamins, minerals, nootropics, probiotics, and other compounds aimed at improving cognitive function, immunity, and gut health.

- Other biohacking approaches include routine and specialized medical screenings (genetic tests, microbiome analysis, continuous glucose monitoring) for early disease detection or optimization.

- Mental health techniques in biohacking communities include meditation, mindfulness, neurofeedback, sleep tracking, and sometimes extreme practices such as extended fasting or forced sleep deprivation.

- Many aspects of biohacking lack strong support from clinical research; while some techniques (e.g., moderate exercise, adequate sleep, certain dietary patterns) are backed by good scientific evidence, others (unregulated supplements, extreme diets, continual self-tracking, and unsupervised interventions) may pose health risks or are not proven to be beneficial.

Here are the key sentences from the provided text that are most relevant to your information request on biohacking, its methods, techniques, and scientific support:

- Isn’t that the very definition of biohacking?

Title:

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Biohacking & Toxic Masculinity: How Women Dismantled The Boys Club

Author: Medical reviewer:
Beauty & Health Editor
By Jamie Schneider
Beauty & Health Editor
Jamie Schneider is the Beauty Editor at mindbodygreen. She has a B.A. in Organizational Studies and English from the University of Michigan, and her work has appeared in Coveteur, The Chill Times, and Wyld Skincare.
Medical review by
Bindiya Gandhi, M.D.
Physician
Dr. Bindiya Gandhi is an American Board Family Medicine–certified physician who completed her family medicine training at Georgia Regents University/Medical College of Georgia.
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Take a quick search for “biohacker” on TikTok (a tag with over 137 million views), and you’ll discover a slew of men discussing their muscle gains, testosterone levels, and cold plunge routines. You’ll see some women on the page, but the space is undoubtedly dominated by male energy. And think of the outspoken biohackers you may listen to on podcasts—chances are most of them are men, too.

This gendered approach to biohacking, while pervasive, is simply misguided. But now, women are asserting their authority in health optimization, and we expect their emphasis to soar in the year ahead.

Meet the experts

Molly Maloof. M.D.

Molly Maloof. M.D. provides health optimization and personalized medicine to high-achieving entrepreneurs, investors, and technology executives. Since 2012, she has worked as an advisor or consultant to more than 50 companies in the digital health, consumer health, and biotechnology industries. Her company, Adamo Bioscience, is working on sexual health optimization.

Gabrielle Lyon, D.O.

Gabrielle Lyon, D.O. is a board-certified family physician leading a disruption in modern medicine that focuses on the largest organ in the body: skeletal muscle. With a background that includes a combined research and clinical fellowship in geriatrics and nutritional sciences at Washington University and undergraduate training in nutritional sciences at the University of Illinois, she is a subject-matter expert on protein for health, performance, aging, and disease prevention.

Stacy Salvi

Stacy Salvi is the vice president of product and strategy at the medical device company Movano Health—the creator of the Evie Ring, the first medical-grade health wearable designed for women.

Mona Vand, PharmD

Mona Vand, PharmD studied pharmacy at Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences before developing her platform that shares holistic wellness advice.

Why biohacking isn’t just for “bros”

“Women are the original biohackers,” declares family physician, Molly Maloof, M.D. “Our hormones change throughout our lives, and this requires us to adapt accordingly.” Our biology means that women often need to constantly edit their health routines and experiment with lifestyle habits as time goes on. Isn’t that the very definition of biohacking?

Let's back up: Here at mindbodygreen, we think of “biohacking” as the practice of making lifestyle tweaks to optimize health and promote longevity. Not shortcuts—contrary to popular belief—but low-lift, everyday habits that complement and enhance an existing well-being routine. Think: optimizing your exercise regimen using tools and techniques (the “biohacks”) to enhance muscle growth. It’s essentially all about advancing health with “do it yourself” biology—a topic that can pique anyone’s interest, regardless of gender.

“[Women] have a most complex physiological lifecycle that requires us to track and manage fertility, pregnancy, breastfeeding, sexuality, perimenopause, and menopause. So we should be looking at biohacking as a path to even greater health and owning the opportunity to improve our lives,” says Maloof.

Yet many women feel intimidated to enter the biohacking scene as it exists today, turned off by the male-dominated energy in the room.

Women are the original biohackers

Molly Maloof, M.D

“Biohacking has always grabbed my attention, and I want to learn, but it sometimes makes me really stressed out, because I go into this state of perfectionism where I have to do all the things,” says doctor of pharmacy and wellness practitioner Mona Vand, PharmD. “The few biohackers that I followed were all males… it just doesn't really resonate with my energy.”

This male energy is not only frustrating but can potentially harm women’s health in the long run. After all, building muscle, prioritizing protein, and keeping an eye on various health metrics are crucial for longevity—in some cases, these proactive measures can save lives. When women don’t get involved, it can totally impact their well-being.

“Physical strength is nonnegotiable,” says functional medicine doctor Gabrielle Lyon, D.O. “I've been a physician since 2006, and I've never heard someone say, ‘I regret being physically strong.’” And the muscle-building space impacts more than just physiological changes, she says. “You optimize fertility, you make healthier babies, you help the epigenetics of your child,” Lyon adds. “You age better, your skin is better, you're less likely to fall and break a hip… There's nothing that doesn't get better the stronger you are.”

So let’s be clear: Dismantling the biohacking boy’s club is not just about helping women feel included; there are real health implications at stake here.

Why the biohacker space actually really needs a dose of feminine energy

I’d be remiss not to mention how biohacking culture can easily become synonymous with hustle culture (some experts don’t even like to use the term, as it implies you can achieve optimal health with quick fixes). But as more women enter the biohacking space, we expect it to become more intuitive and less about hitting every single benchmark. From there, we predict women will focus more on sustainable changes long-term instead of a gazillion quick hacks.

“I used to think it was a flex to do a million things at the same time and habit stack,” Vand recounts. “I now carve out time for doing things that have no efficiency to them, that are strictly for joy or rest and relaxation, versus benefiting my longevity or health. It can be a little bit obsessive when you get into this thought pattern, and I just don't resonate with it.”

This doesn’t mean biohacking will become “softer” as it embraces feminine energy. But there’s an opportunity here for women to introduce some much-needed flexibility into a space that has long felt needlessly rigid.

How the biohacker game is changing — and where it’s headed next

Thanks to a growing awareness that healthcare protocols should not be gendered, more women are now starting to pay attention to markers of performance like lean muscle, hormetic stressors, VO2 max, HRV, zone 2 training, etc. “Cold plunging, saunas, and harder, more physical activities are not just for the boys anymore,” adds Lyon—and we expect an even bigger shift to come in 2024.

“I think it’s super exciting to see biohacking become more mainstream and more women joining the conversation,” adds Maloof. She praises apps like Wild.AI, for women who aim to make lifestyle adjustments based on their menstrual cycle, and Zero, for women who want to dabble in time-restricted eating, both of which have helped to herald the shift.

Other existing health optimization companies are now inviting women into the conversation by introducing specific features informed by their unique physiology. WHOOP, for example, is currently working on upgrades to their popular health-tracking band: “We did a study recently where we learned a lot about how a woman's body changes during pregnancy and how her heart rate variability (HRV) will evolve. It'll decrease, and then about seven weeks before she gives birth, it will increase sharply,” explains Will Ahmed, WHOOP founder and CEO, on the mindbodygreen podcast

If a woman didn’t know that this was supposed to happen, she might look at this stark increase with a critical (or anxious) eye. “We've been able to take population-level data on pregnant women and now have a feature in the app, where a woman can see how her body is evolving alongside what other pregnant women are experiencing,” he adds.

Similarly, creatine supplements—from the ingredients to the packaging—are no longer marketed toward dudes looking to bulk up, and we are certainly here for it. After all, muscle mass is a predictor of longevity and healthspan, so supplements that promote it can help all of us “hack” our health in a big way.

And as Lyon notes, women have lower endogenous creatine stores compared to men (meaning, they have less available). And the amino acid has been associated with significantly increased muscle mass1 in both men and women, without increasing the risk of adverse outcomes2, like weight gain. “Most of the women in my practice will go on creatine, and they find anecdotally that it really improves both anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance,” Lyon shares.

Not to mention the supplement’s brain health perks: Taking creatine has been shown to benefit both working memory and processing speed3 as well as cognitive longevity4. “It is above and beyond simply sport performance,” adds Lyon, who has certainly seen an uptick in women curious about creatine.

As women feel intimidated (or even restricted) by biohacking spaces, some experts have taken it upon themselves to create new ones that center the feminine. For example, neuropsychophysiologist Kayla Osterhoff, MPH, offers a Women's Biohacking Mini Course, consisting of lifestyle routines and tips aligned with female physiology.

Osterhoff also recently presented at the 2023 Dragonfly Live Conference—among other female biohackers—to discuss the latest advancements in women's well-being and the “health revolution” that’s sweeping the mainstream. This conference aims to gather the “who's-who” in the health space to discuss cutting-edge strategies and innovations that optimize well-being—by having women biohackers at the forefront of the conversation, we can expect them to hit the main stage in a broader sense.

Or take the brand new Evie Ring, the first medical-grade health wearable designed for women, created by medical device company Movano Health. The technology ties hormonal information to a woman’s sleep, activity, and heart health data (among other metrics).

For instance, “If we notice a more restless night of sleep in the luteal phase, we'll point it out and also give some strategies for how somebody may attack their day, despite having not gotten as good of a night of sleep,” says Stacy Salvi, vice president of product and strategy at Movano Health. Similarly, “We know that there are cardiovascular implications when your estrogen drops, so they would want to keep a better look on the function of their heart,” she adds. “This would be something that they would be able to do from our app.”

Even the design itself was made with women in mind: The ring features an open band meant to accommodate how women’s fingers change in size throughout the day, so it can stay comfortable.

To avoid needless stress, Evie also limits the amount of goals you can set on the app. “You can only set three at a time, because we do not want to overwhelm [users] with a bunch of different things,” says Salvi. “I mean, I'm an overachiever. I probably would set every single goal and then fail at them.” And heaven knows we don’t need yet another way for busy, overwhelmed women to feel like they’re failing in a society with unsurmountable standards.

Forecasting the future

A woman walks up to the weight rack in 2024. She sees the usual suspects—bros pounding protein shakes and grunting through their bicep curls—but now she also sees a fair amount of women on the scene. They’ve got creatine supplements! Fitness trackers! Kettlebells! (And no, they aren’t pink.)

Granted, we still have a ways to go before women feel totally embraced by the biohacking space (we’d first have to close the centuries-long gender gap in science and medicine), but it’s clear that the arena is becoming way less of a boy’s club. “And the world is ready, my friend,” says Lyon. “The world is absolutely ready for this.”

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- biohacking, reprogramming mind and body to live better
- It’s called “biohacking” and it comes from Silicon Valley.

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Content: Home » biohacking, reprogramming mind and body to live better

biohacking, reprogramming mind and body to live better

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It’s called “biohacking” and it comes from Silicon Valley. Listen: The long life diet: the longevity formula is calorie restriction …

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It’s called “biohacking” and comes from Silicon Valley.

A relatively new word that comes from the union of “biology” and “hacker” and indicates the attempt to positively influence the functioning of the organism, by hacking, ie trying to “force”, one’s genetic heritage. A strategy to live better and longer launched years ago by Californian top managers and which then spread throughout the world. How to upgrade the “operating system” of the human body? No manipulation, here we are talking about “reprogramming” and new lifestyles. “Our genetic heritage has enormous unexpressed potential that can be activated,” he explains Fabio Piccinidoctor and psychoanalyst, researcher of Food Sciences of theMarche Polytechnic University, author of the book “Biohacking Techniques: how to optimize metabolism to increase health and longevity”. “Biohacking aims to activate epigenetic modifications by awakening dormant genes to enhance the body’s resources.” While genetics studies the structure of DNA, epigenetics the way genes express themselves, i.e. how much they are turned on or off. “We’re talking about a set of strategies that aim to strengthen the body from a physical and mental point of view, first of all through nutrition, sleep quality, physical activity, cognitive stimulation”. One of the pillars of biohacking and the intermittent fasting, Piccini adds, which plans to concentrate the diet in a precise time span of the day (to be followed always under medical supervision). «But it is equally important to take care of sleep, we know very well that sleep debt accelerates aging and that 30-40 percent of people sleep too little. Just as it is essential to check thehydration. Physical training must also be intermittent, with recovery periods in place to allow the muscle layers to rebuild. And then, you have to keep learning something at any age, another pillar of biohacking: studying music or a new language, for example, to counteract cognitive degeneration”.

See also  The dashboard of Xbox Series X will have a higher resolution-

THE QUALITY OF LIFE

Sandra Milo is one of the supporters of this well-being and longevity strategy. «I’m lucky, at 90 I’m in full health and I still have a great desire to enjoy life. I don’t know if it’s a matter of genetics, nor do I think there is a “magic formula” of longevity, but I have certainly always been careful to lead a healthy life. There is nothing more beautiful than reaching old age with a smile and in full autonomy », says the actress who baptized the first Biohacking Suite in Rome. “Our mission is not so much to lengthen life but to improve its quality by lowering the rate of morbidity,” explains Dr. Claudio Urbani, specialist in regenerative medicine, neuroscience and stress therapy, head of the longevity center Umb. «Biohacking aims to modify dormant functional responses from non-use, from muscular or cardiovascular function to flexibility. It is about regaining possession of the body and the mind-body axis, starting with stress management». Diagnosing your own state of “aging” involves a series of tests. «The measurement of oxidative stress which measures the quantity of free radicals and indicates any inflammatory states, plethysmography to evaluate the functionality of the microcirculation of the legs, impedancemetry to study body composition, fat and lean mass, nutritional status and hydration level. And only after the check is a tailor-made program created for each person. Among the suggested therapies, there is also that of the cold which stimulates the metabolism and reduces inflammation ».

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- So we should be looking at biohacking as a path to even greater health and owning the opportunity to improve our lives,” says Maloof.

- Women are the original biohackers
- But as more women enter the biohacking space, we expect it to become more intuitive and less about hitting every single benchmark.

- It can be a little bit obsessive when you get into this thought pattern, and I just don't resonate with it.”
- The results are based on determining the process of ageing as an accumulation of damage to your body over time by over-activation of the immune system, leading to inflammation of the tissues and cells.

Title:

Content: I’m 58 but have a biological age of 21 – this is how I did it

After eight rounds of failed fertility treatments and a rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis, Leslie Kenny changed her lifestyle with the aim of reducing inflammation – the results, she says, were dramatic

Leslie Kenny was 39 and had endured eight rounds of failed fertility treatments, including IVF using a donor egg, when her doctor delivered even more bad news: the pain she’d been feeling in her wrists and fingers was rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and her blood tests showed signs of the disabling autoimmune condition lupus.

“The doctor prescribed me immunosuppressants and said, ‘You have five good years left’,” Kenny says. “I don’t know what that meant but I took it as ‘that’s all you’ve got’ – that this was the end. I was crushed.”

Lupus is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues and causes inflammation that can cause permanent damage to the skin, joints, heart, lungs, kidneys and even the brain. There is no known cure, although it may relapse and remit. RA, another autoimmune condition, affects the joints leading to inflammation and thickening in the joints, which causes pain and reduced mobility. Again, there are treatments available, but it cannot be cured.

That bombshell diagnosis came in 2004. Today, Kenny is 58 and a slim, healthy woman with boundless energy. Her arthritis and lupus – a diagnosis she now questions – have gone into remission. But more than that, she appears to have beat the ageing process: recent blood tests show her biological age is just 21.

She took the “GlycanAge” blood test while attending a conference on longevity in the US. It is offered by a London-based bioinformatics company and measures levels of inflammation in your body. The results are based on determining the process of ageing as an accumulation of damage to your body over time by over-activation of the immune system, leading to inflammation of the tissues and cells. The result generates an estimated “biological age” depending on the average level of inflammation observed in the body at various points during a normal lifespan.

“Inflammation is the thing that I have been paying attention to for the last 19 years, so I suppose it’s not a surprise,” Kenny says.

Kenny is likely one of only a handful of people who could achieve such results. She is one of a breed of ‘biohacking’ devotees who swear by putting cutting-edge research into cell rejuvenation into practice in their own lives to keep their bodies and minds young, and to fight off the common causes of ageing, including inflammation, high blood sugar and cardiovascular degeneration.

The most well known of these biohackers is Bryan Johnson, the American multi-millionaire entrepreneur and venture capitalist. At 46, he spends $2m (£1.5m) a year on treatments and techniques – including restricting calories, taking large amounts of daily supplements, a strict sleep schedule that involves early nights and very early mornings, and blood transfusions – in an attempt to stop the ageing process.

He claims to have reversed his heart age by five years and has the lung capacity of an 18-year-old. Of his particular quest, Kenny reflects: “That very British saying ‘horses for courses’ comes to mind… but he is biohacking for immortality, whereas I prefer to think of myself as ‘bioharmonising’ for a healthy lifespan.”

Kenny is the co-founder of a not-for-profit group, the Oxford Longevity Project, whose aim is to get the latest groundbreaking ideas and research findings on anti-ageing and longevity to the widest possible audience – and she’s testing them out on her own body.

She set up the organisation with Oxford biologist Professor Denis Noble; Dr Paul Ch’en, a GP with a special interest in the ageing process; and academic and multiple marathon runner Sir Christopher Ball. Kenny brings lived experience as a patient who has seen her own health transformed by putting the latest academic findings into practice.

It was the shock of such a devastating diagnosis at such a young age that prompted Kenny to start doing her own research into autoimmune conditions and inflammation. It encouraged her to turn away from the pharmaceutical answers given by her doctors and find a new approach.

“I did try immunosuppressants and I really hated them. You had to jab yourself in the tummy. There are lots of bruises and it hurts. I just felt I shouldn’t be doing this,” she explains. “I have more of an Asian philosophical orientation, of the idea of bringing the body into balance rather than ‘let’s squash this symptom’. What I wanted to do was bring the body back into harmony.”

Back in 2004 the internet was still in its relative infancy, but patient groups had already started forming to share information on common health conditions. Kenny searched for anything she could find about the link between autoimmune disorders and inflammation in the body. She found there were common causes of inflammation including poor diet, lack of sleep, stress and undiagnosed allergies.

Kenny quit her job (she was, at the time, running a matchmaking agency) to reduce stress and improve sleep, and then overhauled her diet. Allergy testing found she was reacting to wheat and dairy, so she cut both out, and also reduced her sugar intake.

“At the time the idea that sugar was bad for you was kind of a new thing, but I removed sugar from my diet as much as I could and then took lots of foods that were anti-inflammatory,” she says. This involved a largely plant-based diet, also including oily fish such as salmon, lots of extra virgin olive oil and plant milks. She followed guidance from Dr Barry Sears, whose bestselling book The Zone Anti-Inflammatory Diet, had been recently released.

Then, after much discussion with autoimmune sufferers in the US, Kenny took a very radical – and expensive – step: online patient networks in the US were recommending intravenous immunoglobulin, a treatment that resets the immune system by replacing antibodies in your blood but was not recommended on the NHS. Kenny underwent two eight-hour blood transfusions at a hospital in Denver, Colorado in the United States, costing £24,000 and funded by health insurance provided by her then-husband’s employer. It is offered as a treatment for some conditions on the NHS, but not for lupus or RA.

Six months later her blood results had been reversed. The three readings her doctor was monitoring – C Reactive Protein, cytokines and TNFalpha, all of which measure inflammation and the function of the immune system – had reduced rapidly. Her doctor reported that her lupus appeared to be in full remission and she was free of disease and in control of her arthritis symptoms.

Kenny’s rapid success at improving her health kicked off a passion for self-management of illness and ageing that has defined her last two decades. “I really feel that patients need to have a chance of a fair fight,” she says, adding that not everyone can afford expensive blood infusions, but there are many things we can all do cheaply to improve our health.

Living in Oxford and surrounded by academics, Kenny began discussing her results with local friends and neighbours, including Lachlan MacKinnon, who was working on commercialising biotechnology for the Oxford Science Enterprise. He introduced her to Prof Katja Simon and Dr Ghada Alsaleh, who were both working at the Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology at Oxford University at the time, who had discovered something quite surprising – spermidine. “He [Lachlan] said, ‘It’s a terrible name, but it’s really interesting because it seems to be helping with the immune system’.”

In mice, spermidine – a polyamine found in high levels in plants such as mushrooms and fermented foods – was able to boost antibody levels in elderly subjects, keeping the immune system strong, and activate the process of autophagy: a natural cell rejuvenation process that usually happens during periods of fasting.

You may have heard the word recently due to Rishi Sunak’s commitment to a 48-hour fast every week. Consuming spermidine is believed to make the same cellular process happen, but without the inconvenience of starvation. Studies are ongoing but the first published papers also show the same effect in humans as mice.

Kenny has been taking a spermidine supplement ever since, and now promotes these findings alongside other new research through the Oxford Longevity Project.

Kenny also follows a ketogenic diet, very low in carbohydrate and higher in protein, which some academic research shows can help to preventing and treat diabetes, controlling blood sugar spikes and reducing inflammation.

Kenny’s daily routine also includes supplements of collagen, antioxidant-rich raw cacao, and glutathione, which helps repair tissues. She takes HRT to manage her body’s transition through the menopause and says the progesterone helps with restful sleep.

Two days a week she fasts for 16 hours, but she admits “I’m not slavish about it”. More important is the foods you do eat. “The Japanese drink and smoke like chimneys but they only lose four years of life to this, but in the UK we lose 10. It’s because they’re microdosing every day with green tea, they’re eating natto, which is full of spermidine; they’re eating fish full of Omega 3, and lots of fermented foods.”

Kenny walks her dog for at least 30 minutes a day and has an active life. She uses katsu bands, a product from Japan similar to a blood pressure cuff, which pulls the blood into one limb for 30 seconds then when it releases “the blood hits the pituitary gland and says ‘I’ve been lifting heavy weights’, and sends hormones to repair the body,” she explains.

She also uses an inversion chair – a small stool that makes doing a headstand easy for anyone, whatever their age – that trains the core and stimulates the vagus nerve, responsible for the regulation of organ functions such as digestion, heart rate and respiratory rate.

The efforts of figures like Kenny are being watched by experts. Vasa Curcin, professor of health informatics at King’s College London, says the “exciting work” going on among the global community of biohackers is “a huge opportunity to raise awareness and identify challenges for novel therapies and lifestyle tech interventions”.

But he adds: “We need to start considering pragmatic methods that would allow for these efforts to stop being just anecdotal evidence and start contributing to larger knowledge bases to support scientifically rigorous validation studies.”

So what is Kenny’s advice to the rest of us? “The most important thing is to get started and just do one thing. Whether that’s diet or putting a weight by the kettle and doing a bicep curl while you boil it. Just ask yourself to do it once a week, and the next week do it twice a week. Do it slowly and then it becomes a habit.”

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- “Inflammation is the thing that I have been paying attention to for the last 19 years, so I suppose it’s not a surprise,” Kenny says.

- What I wanted to do was bring the body back into harmony.”
- “At the time the idea that sugar was bad for you was kind of a new thing, but I removed sugar from my diet as much as I could and then took lots of foods that were anti-inflammatory,” she says.

- Her doctor reported that her lupus appeared to be in full remission and she was free of disease and in control of her arthritis symptoms.

- Kenny walks her dog for at least 30 minutes a day and has an active life.

- Do it slowly and then it becomes a habit.”

These sentences touch on core concepts in biohacking—self-optimization, anti-inflammation strategies, dietary changes, exercise, the sometimes obsessive nature of the movement, as well as anecdotal reports of health improvements, but they do not explicitly mention scientific evidence or research validation for specific methods.

For a more comprehensive report or scientific evaluation, additional evidence from clinical trials and peer-reviewed reviews would be needed.

Title:

Content: CRISPR, 10 years on: Learning to rewrite the code of life

In just a decade, CRISPR has become one of the most celebrated inventions in modern biology, swiftly changing how medical researchers study diseases: Cancer biologists are using the method to discover hidden vulnerabilities of tumor cells; doctors are using it to edit genes that cause hereditary diseases. But CRISPR's influence extends far beyond medicine

By Carl Zimmer
Published: Jun 28, 2022

Jennifer Doudna, who shared the 2020 Nobel Prize for chemistry for her work on CRISPR, at the University of California in Berkeley, Jan. 15, 2019. The gene-editing technology has led to innovations in medicine, evolution and agriculture — and raised profound ethical questions about altering human DNA. (Anastasiia Sapon/The New York Times)

Ten years ago this week, Jennifer Doudna and her colleagues published the results of a test-tube experiment on bacterial genes. When the study came out in the journal Science on June 28, 2012, it did not make headline news. In fact, over the next few weeks, it did not make any news at all.

Looking back, Doudna wondered if the oversight had something to do with the wonky title she and her colleagues had chosen for the study: “A Programmable Dual RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity.”

“I suppose if I were writing the paper today, I would have chosen a different title,” Doudna, a biochemist at the University of California, Berkeley, said in an interview.

Far from an esoteric finding, the discovery pointed to a new method for editing DNA, one that might even make it possible to change human genes.

“I remember thinking very clearly, when we publish this paper, it’s like firing the starting gun at a race,” she said.

In just a decade, CRISPR has become one of the most celebrated inventions in modern biology. It is swiftly changing how medical researchers study diseases: Cancer biologists are using the method to discover hidden vulnerabilities of tumor cells. Doctors are using CRISPR to edit genes that cause hereditary diseases.

“The era of human gene editing isn’t coming,” said David Liu, a biologist at Harvard University. “It’s here.”

But CRISPR’s influence extends far beyond medicine. Evolutionary biologists are using the technology to study Neanderthal brains and to investigate how our ape ancestors lost their tails. Plant biologists have edited seeds to produce crops with new vitamins or with the ability to withstand diseases. Some of them may reach supermarket shelves in the next few years.

Also read: Inside the world of DNA decoding in India

CRISPR has had such a quick impact that Doudna and her collaborator, Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin, won the 2020 Nobel Prize for chemistry. The award committee hailed their 2012 study as “an epoch-making experiment.”

Doudna recognized early on that CRISPR would pose a number of thorny ethical questions, and after a decade of its development, those questions are more urgent than ever.

Will the coming wave of CRISPR-altered crops feed the world and help poor farmers, or only enrich agribusiness giants that invest in the technology? Will CRISPR-based medicine improve health for vulnerable people across the world, or come with a million-dollar price tag?

The most profound ethical question about CRISPR is how future generations might use the technology to alter human embryos. This notion was simply a thought experiment until 2018, when He Jiankui, a biophysicist in China, edited a gene in human embryos to confer resistance to HIV. Three of the modified embryos were implanted in women in the Chinese city of Shenzen.

In 2019, a court sentenced He to prison for “illegal medical practices.” MIT Technology Review reported in April that he had recently been released. Little is known about the health of the three children, who are now toddlers.

Scientists don’t know of anyone else who has followed He’s example — yet. But as CRISPR continues to improve, editing human embryos may eventually become a safe and effective treatment for a variety of diseases.

Will it then become acceptable, or even routine, to repair disease-causing genes in an embryo in the lab? What if parents wanted to insert traits that they found more desirable — such as those related to height, eye color or intelligence?

Françoise Baylis, a bioethicist at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, worries that the public is still not ready to grapple with such questions.

“I’m skeptical about the depth of understanding about what’s at issue there,” she said. “There’s a difference between making people better and making better people.”

Also read: Pfizer offers to sell medicines at cost to poorest countries

Making the cut

Doudna and Charpentier did not invent their gene-editing method from scratch. They borrowed their molecular tools from bacteria.

In the 1980s, microbiologists discovered puzzling stretches of DNA in bacteria, later called Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, or CRISPR. Further research revealed that bacteria used these CRISPR sequences as weapons against invading viruses.

The bacteria turned these sequences into genetic material, called RNA, that could stick precisely to a short stretch of an invading virus’s genes. These RNA molecules carry proteins with them that act like molecular scissors, slicing the viral genes and halting the infection.

As Doudna and Charpentier investigated CRISPR, they realized that the system might allow them to cut a sequence of DNA of their own choosing. All they needed to do was make a matching piece of RNA.

To test this revolutionary idea, they created a batch of identical pieces of DNA. They then crafted another batch of RNA molecules, programming all of them to home in on the same spot on the DNA. Finally, they mixed the DNA, the RNA and molecular scissors together in test tubes. They discovered that many of the DNA molecules had been cut at precisely the right spot.

For months, Doudna oversaw a series of round-the-clock experiments to see if CRISPR might work not only in a test tube but in living cells. She pushed her team hard, suspecting that many other scientists were also on the chase. That hunch soon proved correct.

In January 2013, five teams of scientists published studies in which they successfully used CRISPR in living animal or human cells. Doudna did not win that race; the first two published papers came from two labs in Cambridge, Massachusetts — one at the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, and the other at Harvard.

Also read: Can these startups fix rural healthcare in India?

‘Did you CRISPR that?’

Lukas Dow, a cancer biologist at Weill Cornell Medicine, vividly remembers learning about CRISPR’s potential. “Reading the papers, it looked amazing,” he recalled.

Dow and his colleagues soon found that the method reliably snipped out pieces of DNA in human cancer cells.

“It became a verb to drop,” Dow said. “A lot of people would say, ‘Did you CRISPR that?’”

Cancer biologists began systematically altering every gene in cancer cells to see which ones mattered to the disease. Researchers at KSQ Therapeutics, also in Cambridge, used CRISPR to discover a gene that is essential for the growth of certain tumors, for example, and last year, they began a clinical trial of a drug that blocks the gene.

Caribou Biosciences, co-founded by Doudna, and CRISPR Therapeutics, co-founded by Charpentier, are both running clinical trials for CRISPR treatments that fight cancer in another way: by editing immune cells to more aggressively attack tumors.

Those companies and several others are also using CRISPR to try to reverse hereditary diseases.

Other companies are injecting CRISPR molecules directly into the body. Intellia Therapeutics, based in Cambridge and also co-founded by Doudna, has teamed up with Regeneron, based in Westchester County, New York, to begin a clinical trial to treat transthyretin amyloidosis, a rare disease in which a damaged liver protein becomes lethal as it builds up in the blood.

Doctors injected CRISPR molecules into the volunteers’ livers to shut down the defective gene. Speaking at a scientific conference last Friday, Intellia researchers reported that a single dose of the treatment produced a significant drop in the protein level in volunteers’ blood for as long as a year thus far.

The same technology that allows medical researchers to tinker with human cells is letting agricultural scientists alter crop genes. When the first wave of CRISPR studies came out, Catherine Feuillet, an expert on wheat, who was then at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research, immediately saw its potential for her own work.

“I said, ‘Oh, my God, we have a tool,’” she said. “We can put breeding on steroids.”

A photo provided by Rice University shows Gang Bao, a biochemical engineer who is working on a treatment for sickle cell disease using CRISPR. Ten years after CRISPR’s introduction to the world, the gene editing technique continues to create new avenues for exploration, reinvigorate old studies and spur complicated ethical discussions. (Rice University via The New York Times)

Prime CRISPR

The original CRISPR system, known as CRISPR-Cas9, leaves plenty of room for improvement. The molecules are good at snipping out DNA, but they’re not as good at inserting new pieces in their place. Sometimes CRISPR-Cas9 misses its target, cutting DNA in the wrong place. And even when the molecules do their jobs correctly, cells can make mistakes as they repair the loose ends of DNA left behind.

A number of scientists have invented new versions of CRISPR that overcome some of these shortcomings. At Harvard, for example, Liu and his colleagues have used CRISPR to make a nick in one of DNA’s two strands, rather than breaking them entirely. This process, known as base editing, lets them precisely change a single genetic letter of DNA with much less risk of genetic damage.

Liu has co-founded a company called Beam Therapeutics to create base-editing drugs. Later this year, the company will test its first drug on people with sickle cell anemia.

Liu and his colleagues have also attached CRISPR molecules to a protein that viruses use to insert their genes into their host’s DNA. This new method, called prime editing, could enable CRISPR to alter longer stretches of genetic material.

“Prime editors are kind of like DNA word processors,” Liu said. “They actually perform a search and replace function on DNA.”

Rodolphe Barrangou, a CRISPR expert at North Carolina State University and a founder of Intellia Therapeutics, predicted that prime editing would eventually become a part of the standard CRISPR toolbox. But for now, he said, the technique was still too complex to become widely used. “It’s not quite ready for prime time, pun intended,” he said.

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Here are the extracted key sentences from your provided text, chosen for their relevance and importance to your information request about biohacking, self-optimization, health, longevity, and the scientific basis of such approaches:

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Title:

Content: Researchers at the British Babraham Institute managed to reprogram human skin cells and make them 30 years younger.
A new technique for rejuvenating skin cells allowed researchers to rewind their biological clock, making a “leap in time ”, while the cells did not lose their functions, according to Bloomberg.
In the study, scientists describe the possibility of partially restoring the function of old cells, as well as updating their biological age.
In experiments modeling the skin wound, the partially renewed cells showed signs of behavior more similar to the behavior of young cells.
Experts suggest that the results of the study may change regenerative medicine, especially if this process can be replicated in other types of cells.
Professor Wolf Reik, head of the epigenetics research program, said the work has very exciting implications.
"We will be able to identify genes that rejuvenate without reprogramming, and specifically target cells to reduce the effects of aging," he explained.
Dr. Diljit Gill, a research fellow at Professor Rake's lab at the Bebraham Institute, said:
"Our results are a big step forward in understanding cell reprogramming.
We have shown that cells can be rejuvenated without losing their function. "
It is noted that as a person ages, the ability of cells to function normally decreases, and the genome - the DNA circuit - accumulates signs of aging.
Regenerative biology aims to repair or replace cells, including old ones.
One of its most important tools is the ability to create “induced ” stem cells.
However, this process erases the functions of cells and gives them the ability to become cells of any type.
The new method, based on a technique that was a Nobel laureate and which scientists use to create stem cells, overcomes the problem of completely erasing the identity of the cell, stopping the reprogramming of part of the process.
This allowed the researchers to find the exact balance between reprogramming cells, making them biologically younger, but in doing so they could regain their specialized cellular function.
Scientists noted that the potential application of this technique depends on the fact that the cells not only look younger, but also function as young cells.
Experts suggest that in the future, the study may open up other therapeutic options.
They noticed that their method also affected other genes associated with age-related diseases and symptoms, such as the APBA2 gene associated with Alzheimer's disease and the MAF gene, which contributes to the development of cataracts.
You may also be interested in news:

"Now the disease can be detected by a drop of blood."

Title:

Content: Breathing and a drop of blood.
New method determines cancer in minutes - RIA Novosti, 04.10.2023
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Science
Breathing and a drop of blood.
New method detects cancer in minutes
Russian scientists have developed a new method of rapid diagnosis of cancer
© iStock.com / urbazonGirl undergoing lung function testing in a medical clinic
Read ria.ru in
MOSCOW, 4 Oct — RIA Novosti, Vladislav Strekopytov.
Scientists from Tomsk State University (TSU) have developed a painless rapid diagnosis of health status by a drop of blood or exhaled air.
In just a few minutes, you can identify markers of dangerous diseases, including nascent cancer.
Human Molecular Profile
Doctors say that proper and timely diagnosis is the key to successful treatment.
It is especially important to quickly and accurately diagnose such critical conditions as a heart attack or stroke, when the bill literally goes on for minutes.
And in the case of oncology, the main task is not to miss the disease at an early stage.
The idea that the composition of blood, urine and saliva reflects the state of human health has existed since ancient times.
However, only the technological progress of recent decades has made it possible to quantify the metabolic products contained in biological fluids - metabolites.
There was a separate scientific direction - metabolomics, in which scientists study the molecular signs of various processes in the body, including pathological ones.
Based on mathematical modeling, scientists from the Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning at TSU calculated multicomponent molecular profiles characteristic of certain diseases.
Then, mixtures of marker molecules were produced from known compounds in a certain concentration for each of the profiles, the neural network was trained on their example and the results were tested on real samples of biological fluids and tissues taken from patients.
“Our diagnostic method is based on the component analysis of tissues, biological fluids or exhaled air on biomarker molecules, ” says Denis Vrazhnov, a project participant in the laboratory.“ For this, we use modern devices — a Raman microscope, a terahertz spectrometer, gas analyzers. ”
© RIA Novosti / Vladislav StrekopytoJunior Researcher, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, TSU Denis Vrazhnov
Denis Vrazhnov, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, TSU
Diagnosis by molecular profiles is much more accurate than by individual marker molecules, and the use of artificial intelligence in interpreting data minimizes the risk of errors.
In the future, the entire procedure of analyzes can be performed completely automatically, according to the authors of the new method.
How it works, journalists were shown during an excursion to the laboratory, organized within the framework of the initiative "Popular Science Tourism" of the Decade of Science and Technology, which provides for visits to the objects of the national project "Science and Universities".
Find cancer by blood drop
Directly tracking metabolic changes in the human body is very difficult.
Some – for example, the breakdown of hormones – occur very quickly, others are realized at the intracellular level and are not available for direct observation.
Therefore, most methods of functional diagnostics are based on indirect data.
So, in ultrasound studies (ultrasound), the doctor analyzes the picture created by sound waves when passing through tissues and organs.
A radiograph is a projection of X-rays reflecting the internal anatomical structure.
By the spectral characteristics of light, one can judge the molecular composition of tissues or liquids.
© RIA Novosti / Vladislav StrekopytovEmployees of the Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning at TSU work on a Raman microscope
Employees of the Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning at TSU are working on a Raman microscope
“Looking at the spectral profile, we can say what reactions occur in the body, how it reacts to external stimuli, viruses, bacteria, ” explains the scientist.
In experiments conducted on one of the most sensitive devices, the confocal Raman spectrometer, the researchers found that the shape of the profile can be tracked, and at a very early stage, the development of cancer: skin cancer (melanoma) and glioma - one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer.
The results were confirmed by another instrument, the terahertz spectrometer.
CC BY 4.0 / Michael B. Fenn {et al.}, 2011 / Schematic diagram of the Raman spectrometer
Glioma is most often detected in the later stages, when the patient develops symptoms such as severe headaches and nausea.
The diagnosis is confirmed by an MRI of the head.
Now the disease can be detected by a drop of blood.
The proposed method has passed the stage of pilot testing on animals, and now experts are moving to research on human biomaterials.
"We studied how the molecular composition of brain tissue changes in mice that were planted with cancer cells, as a result of which they developed glioma, - says Vrazhnov. - It turned out that a healthy brain has one profile, and a patient has a completely different one.
What's more, we found that it's different for tumor and inflammation. "
This solves another diagnostic problem.
It is known that the development of a tumor is often, but not always, preceded by inflammation.
Analysis of molecular profiles makes it possible to isolate metabolites of pre-oncological inflammation in a blood serum sample with high reliability and to notice the beginning of brain tumor development much earlier than it is done now.
The authors are confident that it will be possible to detect not only glioma, but also other types of tumors.
All data on blood changes in various oncological diseases are now included in the electronic database, which will be accessed by artificial intelligence in the process of analysis.
Diagnosis of Breathing
Researchers from TSU have learned to obtain a molecular profile not only by blood, but also by the composition of the air exhaled by a person.
To do this, they improved with the help of machine learning methods of chemical analysis on another device - a gas analyzer.
“Changes in metabolism are reflected in the composition of the blood that washes the lungs, – explains the scientist. – Due to gas exchange, marker molecules that accompany some pathological process enter the exhaled air, and we catch them with the help of a gas analyzer. ”
© RIA Novosti / Vladislav StrekopytovDobrovolets takes a sample of air for diagnosis
The volunteer takes a sample of air for diagnosis
At the same time, the diagnostic is important not so much the set of analyzed compounds (as a rule, it is standard: nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and some other volatile hydrocarbons), as the ratio of their concentrations.
For example, increased ammonia content is a good marker of diabetes.
With the help of molecular profiles, covid, tuberculosis, heart disease can be recognized.
"All these diseases change the composition of the exhaled air, - the researcher notes. - Our device works in a very wide range and can" catch "a large number of marker molecules."
© RIA Novosti / Vladislav StrekopytovOn the profile of a healthy person should be four peaks, if less - this is an alarming sign
There should be four peaks on the profile of a healthy person, if less is an alarming sign
The method has already been tested in clinical conditions on patients with tuberculosis.
Good results were also shown in trials in groups of volunteers with primary myocardial infarction.
Molecular psychosomatics
Recently, laboratory scientists have tried to diagnose mental illness with the help of a gas analyzer.
To do this, we collected exhaled air samples from patients with depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, compared the results with a control group and identified chemical features characteristic of each of the diagnoses.
“When we conducted the studies, we were asked to check whether the markers of depression in the exhaled air were preserved in those who have already undergone treatment, ” says Vrazhnov.
But in some patients in the group that was already preparing for discharge, the spectral characteristics did not change.
This suggests that the treatment was insufficient and the disease may return quickly. "
© RIA Novosti / Vladislav StrekopytoGas analyzer in the laboratory of laser molecular imaging and machine learning TSU
Gas analyzer in the laboratory of laser molecular imaging and machine learning TSU
The proposed method, according to its authors, can become the first objective tool for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment in psychiatry, where traditionally used to rely only on the subjective opinion of the observing physician.
The most unusual experiment the laboratory staff conducted in one of the cinemas of the city.
Assuming that the set of chemicals produced by the body depends, among other things, on the general psychological state of the person, they collected air samples in the cinema hall during the demonstration of the action film, analyzed them and obtained a profile of "collective stress", which became more pronounced as the plot developed and tensions increased.
The researchers hope that the rapid diagnosis of molecular profiles will receive wide practical application.
In addition to medicine, it will be able to be used in forensics, inspection and control systems, as well as in other areas.
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"The proposed method has passed the stage of pilot testing on animals, and now experts are moving to research on human biomaterials."

"It is known that the development of a tumor is often, but not always, preceded by inflammation."

"The authors are confident that it will be possible to detect not only glioma, but also other types of tumors."

"Due to gas exchange, marker molecules that accompany some pathological process enter the exhaled air, and we catch them with the help of a gas analyzer."

"There should be four peaks on the profile of a healthy person, if less is an alarming sign."

"The EU will lend a helping hand to millions of patients with rare and poorly understood diagnoses."

Title:

Content: The EU will improve the treatment of rare diseases, supporting pharmaceutical companies and scientists
In collaboration with the European Commission
Copyright euronews
Euronews
The EU will lend a helping hand to millions of patients with rare and poorly understood diagnoses.
Brussels promises to support pharmaceutical manufacturers who work in the interests of this group of patients.
Help is waiting for little Victor, the hero of our report.
Three years of diagnosis
Victor lives near Bucharest, the capital of Romania.
Shortly after his birth eight years ago, his parents realized that his son ’ s development was in jeopardy.
His mother, Juliana, recalls: “We went to a neurologist every month.
And then every two months to genetics.
It was obvious to us that something was wrong with the development. ”
It took the family 3 years and tests in 6 countries to make a diagnosis.
Victor suffers from Coffin-Lowry syndrome, it is caused by a small mutation in one of the genes.
"The mutation causes a great delay in psychomotor development, - says Juliana. - He is 8 years old, but mentally and physically he is developed by 2-3 years.
The delay will continue throughout life. ”
The woman became a co-founder of the association of patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
Swimming, physiotherapy, working with a speech therapist help improve the quality of life of her boy.
But how to cure it, science does not yet know.
After consulting with doctors from different countries, Iuliana realized that “the child needs a drug that will help the neurons to better interact with each other. ”
She summarizes: "There has been no research in this regard."
Fold the puzzle of disease
Victor's case is not unique.
The European Union has approved treatment for about 300 of the more than 6,000 rare diseases identified, or just 5%.
One of the addresses where Victor's family received help is the Center for Medical Genetics in Craiova.
Each year, the local specialists treat about a thousand people suffering from rare diseases.
Diagnosis and selection of therapy is fraught with difficulties.
Iona Streta, a geneticist, explains: “Sometimes rare diseases are like a puzzle consisting of 20 pieces.
Then you go to a neurologist, then a pediatrician, a cardiologist and a lab, do a general blood test, a genetic test, to get the big picture.
But some diseases are puzzles of more than 2 thousand pieces, very small.
It takes a lot of time to assemble them.
But people need quick answers to their needs and questions. ”
Aware of the need for new, more advanced and at the same time cheaper drugs, the European Commission seeks to stimulate developers by giving them the right to increased scientific and administrative support.
The Commission also proposed granting companies additional periods of market exclusivity, during which their products are protected from competition.
Eurordis is a non-profit alliance working for the benefit of 30 million Europeans suffering from rare diseases.
Its director, Jan Le Cam, talks about the specifics of helping such patients: "Treatment means eliminating only some of the symptoms, sometimes delaying the onset of the disease, slowing its progression or even stopping the development of the disease.
This is usually a long-term therapy that rarely leads to a full recovery.
So the needs in this area are huge, and the most important thing here is science.
Now we are experiencing an exceptional moment, we are witnessing the emergence of new therapies, including gene and cell therapy, but not only this: pharmacology is developing, including through the reuse of old molecules.
It ’ s just a fountain of opportunity. ”
Joint work of countries and doctors
According to experts, the European Union has every opportunity to maximize this potential.
Dr. Streta relies on information exchange and joint research.
“Imagine that I have three such patients here, perhaps three more will be found in France, the same number in Finland.
Let ’ s look at these people ’ s genetic profiles, their analyses, to see if we can find some biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and then maybe run trials and find the right treatment. ”
The family of Victor also has hopes for science.
“In the last two years, treatments based on gene editing have appeared, ” the boy ’ s mother says.“ We are also betting on neurological treatment to improve the connections between neurons.
So the son will learn faster, his speech will improve.
I think the more we talk about rare diseases, the more research is funded, the closer we are to giving patients a better life. "
Also on the subject

"But how to cure it, science does not yet know."

Title:

Content: The EU will improve the treatment of rare diseases, supporting pharmaceutical companies and scientists
In collaboration with the European Commission
Copyright euronews
Euronews
The EU will lend a helping hand to millions of patients with rare and poorly understood diagnoses.
Brussels promises to support pharmaceutical manufacturers who work in the interests of this group of patients.
Help is waiting for little Victor, the hero of our report.
Three years of diagnosis
Victor lives near Bucharest, the capital of Romania.
Shortly after his birth eight years ago, his parents realized that his son ’ s development was in jeopardy.
His mother, Juliana, recalls: “We went to a neurologist every month.
And then every two months to genetics.
It was obvious to us that something was wrong with the development. ”
It took the family 3 years and tests in 6 countries to make a diagnosis.
Victor suffers from Coffin-Lowry syndrome, it is caused by a small mutation in one of the genes.
"The mutation causes a great delay in psychomotor development, - says Juliana. - He is 8 years old, but mentally and physically he is developed by 2-3 years.
The delay will continue throughout life. ”
The woman became a co-founder of the association of patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
Swimming, physiotherapy, working with a speech therapist help improve the quality of life of her boy.
But how to cure it, science does not yet know.
After consulting with doctors from different countries, Iuliana realized that “the child needs a drug that will help the neurons to better interact with each other. ”
She summarizes: "There has been no research in this regard."
Fold the puzzle of disease
Victor's case is not unique.
The European Union has approved treatment for about 300 of the more than 6,000 rare diseases identified, or just 5%.
One of the addresses where Victor's family received help is the Center for Medical Genetics in Craiova.
Each year, the local specialists treat about a thousand people suffering from rare diseases.
Diagnosis and selection of therapy is fraught with difficulties.
Iona Streta, a geneticist, explains: “Sometimes rare diseases are like a puzzle consisting of 20 pieces.
Then you go to a neurologist, then a pediatrician, a cardiologist and a lab, do a general blood test, a genetic test, to get the big picture.
But some diseases are puzzles of more than 2 thousand pieces, very small.
It takes a lot of time to assemble them.
But people need quick answers to their needs and questions. ”
Aware of the need for new, more advanced and at the same time cheaper drugs, the European Commission seeks to stimulate developers by giving them the right to increased scientific and administrative support.
The Commission also proposed granting companies additional periods of market exclusivity, during which their products are protected from competition.
Eurordis is a non-profit alliance working for the benefit of 30 million Europeans suffering from rare diseases.
Its director, Jan Le Cam, talks about the specifics of helping such patients: "Treatment means eliminating only some of the symptoms, sometimes delaying the onset of the disease, slowing its progression or even stopping the development of the disease.
This is usually a long-term therapy that rarely leads to a full recovery.
So the needs in this area are huge, and the most important thing here is science.
Now we are experiencing an exceptional moment, we are witnessing the emergence of new therapies, including gene and cell therapy, but not only this: pharmacology is developing, including through the reuse of old molecules.
It ’ s just a fountain of opportunity. ”
Joint work of countries and doctors
According to experts, the European Union has every opportunity to maximize this potential.
Dr. Streta relies on information exchange and joint research.
“Imagine that I have three such patients here, perhaps three more will be found in France, the same number in Finland.
Let ’ s look at these people ’ s genetic profiles, their analyses, to see if we can find some biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and then maybe run trials and find the right treatment. ”
The family of Victor also has hopes for science.
“In the last two years, treatments based on gene editing have appeared, ” the boy ’ s mother says.“ We are also betting on neurological treatment to improve the connections between neurons.
So the son will learn faster, his speech will improve.
I think the more we talk about rare diseases, the more research is funded, the closer we are to giving patients a better life. "
Also on the subject

Is there clinical evidence for benefits of short intermittent fasting methods?

Clinical evidence for fasting as long as seven days is not yet available.

"This is usually a long-term therapy that rarely leads to a full recovery."

Title:

Content: The EU will improve the treatment of rare diseases, supporting pharmaceutical companies and scientists
In collaboration with the European Commission
Copyright euronews
Euronews
The EU will lend a helping hand to millions of patients with rare and poorly understood diagnoses.
Brussels promises to support pharmaceutical manufacturers who work in the interests of this group of patients.
Help is waiting for little Victor, the hero of our report.
Three years of diagnosis
Victor lives near Bucharest, the capital of Romania.
Shortly after his birth eight years ago, his parents realized that his son ’ s development was in jeopardy.
His mother, Juliana, recalls: “We went to a neurologist every month.
And then every two months to genetics.
It was obvious to us that something was wrong with the development. ”
It took the family 3 years and tests in 6 countries to make a diagnosis.
Victor suffers from Coffin-Lowry syndrome, it is caused by a small mutation in one of the genes.
"The mutation causes a great delay in psychomotor development, - says Juliana. - He is 8 years old, but mentally and physically he is developed by 2-3 years.
The delay will continue throughout life. ”
The woman became a co-founder of the association of patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
Swimming, physiotherapy, working with a speech therapist help improve the quality of life of her boy.
But how to cure it, science does not yet know.
After consulting with doctors from different countries, Iuliana realized that “the child needs a drug that will help the neurons to better interact with each other. ”
She summarizes: "There has been no research in this regard."
Fold the puzzle of disease
Victor's case is not unique.
The European Union has approved treatment for about 300 of the more than 6,000 rare diseases identified, or just 5%.
One of the addresses where Victor's family received help is the Center for Medical Genetics in Craiova.
Each year, the local specialists treat about a thousand people suffering from rare diseases.
Diagnosis and selection of therapy is fraught with difficulties.
Iona Streta, a geneticist, explains: “Sometimes rare diseases are like a puzzle consisting of 20 pieces.
Then you go to a neurologist, then a pediatrician, a cardiologist and a lab, do a general blood test, a genetic test, to get the big picture.
But some diseases are puzzles of more than 2 thousand pieces, very small.
It takes a lot of time to assemble them.
But people need quick answers to their needs and questions. ”
Aware of the need for new, more advanced and at the same time cheaper drugs, the European Commission seeks to stimulate developers by giving them the right to increased scientific and administrative support.
The Commission also proposed granting companies additional periods of market exclusivity, during which their products are protected from competition.
Eurordis is a non-profit alliance working for the benefit of 30 million Europeans suffering from rare diseases.
Its director, Jan Le Cam, talks about the specifics of helping such patients: "Treatment means eliminating only some of the symptoms, sometimes delaying the onset of the disease, slowing its progression or even stopping the development of the disease.
This is usually a long-term therapy that rarely leads to a full recovery.
So the needs in this area are huge, and the most important thing here is science.
Now we are experiencing an exceptional moment, we are witnessing the emergence of new therapies, including gene and cell therapy, but not only this: pharmacology is developing, including through the reuse of old molecules.
It ’ s just a fountain of opportunity. ”
Joint work of countries and doctors
According to experts, the European Union has every opportunity to maximize this potential.
Dr. Streta relies on information exchange and joint research.
“Imagine that I have three such patients here, perhaps three more will be found in France, the same number in Finland.
Let ’ s look at these people ’ s genetic profiles, their analyses, to see if we can find some biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and then maybe run trials and find the right treatment. ”
The family of Victor also has hopes for science.
“In the last two years, treatments based on gene editing have appeared, ” the boy ’ s mother says.“ We are also betting on neurological treatment to improve the connections between neurons.
So the son will learn faster, his speech will improve.
I think the more we talk about rare diseases, the more research is funded, the closer we are to giving patients a better life. "
Also on the subject

"I think the more we talk about rare diseases, the more research is funded, the closer we are to giving patients a better life."

Title:

Content: The EU will improve the treatment of rare diseases, supporting pharmaceutical companies and scientists
In collaboration with the European Commission
Copyright euronews
Euronews
The EU will lend a helping hand to millions of patients with rare and poorly understood diagnoses.
Brussels promises to support pharmaceutical manufacturers who work in the interests of this group of patients.
Help is waiting for little Victor, the hero of our report.
Three years of diagnosis
Victor lives near Bucharest, the capital of Romania.
Shortly after his birth eight years ago, his parents realized that his son ’ s development was in jeopardy.
His mother, Juliana, recalls: “We went to a neurologist every month.
And then every two months to genetics.
It was obvious to us that something was wrong with the development. ”
It took the family 3 years and tests in 6 countries to make a diagnosis.
Victor suffers from Coffin-Lowry syndrome, it is caused by a small mutation in one of the genes.
"The mutation causes a great delay in psychomotor development, - says Juliana. - He is 8 years old, but mentally and physically he is developed by 2-3 years.
The delay will continue throughout life. ”
The woman became a co-founder of the association of patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
Swimming, physiotherapy, working with a speech therapist help improve the quality of life of her boy.
But how to cure it, science does not yet know.
After consulting with doctors from different countries, Iuliana realized that “the child needs a drug that will help the neurons to better interact with each other. ”
She summarizes: "There has been no research in this regard."
Fold the puzzle of disease
Victor's case is not unique.
The European Union has approved treatment for about 300 of the more than 6,000 rare diseases identified, or just 5%.
One of the addresses where Victor's family received help is the Center for Medical Genetics in Craiova.
Each year, the local specialists treat about a thousand people suffering from rare diseases.
Diagnosis and selection of therapy is fraught with difficulties.
Iona Streta, a geneticist, explains: “Sometimes rare diseases are like a puzzle consisting of 20 pieces.
Then you go to a neurologist, then a pediatrician, a cardiologist and a lab, do a general blood test, a genetic test, to get the big picture.
But some diseases are puzzles of more than 2 thousand pieces, very small.
It takes a lot of time to assemble them.
But people need quick answers to their needs and questions. ”
Aware of the need for new, more advanced and at the same time cheaper drugs, the European Commission seeks to stimulate developers by giving them the right to increased scientific and administrative support.
The Commission also proposed granting companies additional periods of market exclusivity, during which their products are protected from competition.
Eurordis is a non-profit alliance working for the benefit of 30 million Europeans suffering from rare diseases.
Its director, Jan Le Cam, talks about the specifics of helping such patients: "Treatment means eliminating only some of the symptoms, sometimes delaying the onset of the disease, slowing its progression or even stopping the development of the disease.
This is usually a long-term therapy that rarely leads to a full recovery.
So the needs in this area are huge, and the most important thing here is science.
Now we are experiencing an exceptional moment, we are witnessing the emergence of new therapies, including gene and cell therapy, but not only this: pharmacology is developing, including through the reuse of old molecules.
It ’ s just a fountain of opportunity. ”
Joint work of countries and doctors
According to experts, the European Union has every opportunity to maximize this potential.
Dr. Streta relies on information exchange and joint research.
“Imagine that I have three such patients here, perhaps three more will be found in France, the same number in Finland.
Let ’ s look at these people ’ s genetic profiles, their analyses, to see if we can find some biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and then maybe run trials and find the right treatment. ”
The family of Victor also has hopes for science.
“In the last two years, treatments based on gene editing have appeared, ” the boy ’ s mother says.“ We are also betting on neurological treatment to improve the connections between neurons.
So the son will learn faster, his speech will improve.
I think the more we talk about rare diseases, the more research is funded, the closer we are to giving patients a better life. "
Also on the subject

"A new method of cancer therapy has allowed to cure leukemia terminally ill child."

Title:

Content: A new method of cancer therapy has allowed to cure leukemia terminally ill child
Subscribe to our newsletter “Context ”: it will help you understand the events.
A British teenage girl managed to cure leukemia by applying a new type of therapy - the so-called base editing.
All other methods of treatment of 13-year-old Alyssa were unsuccessful, so the doctors of the world-famous London children's hospital Great Ormond Street, in fact, created a new medicine for her.
Six months later, no cancer cells were found in her body, although Alyssa is still under medical supervision.
Last May, Alyssa was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Under normal conditions, T cells are the body's defenders, but in Alyssa, their activities have become out of control and have become dangerous.
Alyssa had an aggressive type of cancer.
Neither chemotherapy nor bone marrow transplantation helped.
“After all, I would have died, ” Alyssa says.
Her mother, Kiona, says that last year she waited with horror for Christmas, thinking that they were meeting him together for the last time, and just cried on her daughter ’ s birthday in January.
What happened a few years ago was unimaginable.
Great Ormond Street ’ s team used gene editing technology that emerged just six years ago.
Editing the grounds
Nitrogenous bases are organic compounds that make up nucleic acids.
The four base types — adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) — are the building blocks of our genetic code.
Like the letters of the alphabet, the billions of bases in our DNA make up the instructions for the human body.
Base editing allows scientists to select a specific part of the genetic code and then change the molecular structure of just one base, transforming it into another and changing the genetic instructions.
A team of doctors and scientists used this tool to create a new type of T cells capable of tracking and killing cancer T cells in Alyssa's body.
Healthy donor T cells were used for this purpose.
The first modification turned off Alyssa ’ s T-cell targeting mechanism so that they would attack her body
The second amendment removed the CD7 leukocyte antigen, which is present in all T cells.
• The third edition prevented the death of cells from chemotherapy, making them “invisible ” to the drug.
In the final stage of genetic modification, T cells were instructed to hunt for all cells in which the CD7 protein was present in order to destroy all T cells in her body, including cancer cells.
Alyssa's immune system, including T cells, was supposed to be restored with a second bone marrow transplant.
Alyssa remained vulnerable to infections, as both cancer T cells in her body and those that protected her from disease.A month later, Alyssa went into remission, and she underwent a second bone marrow transplant to restore her immune system.Alyssa spent 16 weeks in the hospital and was at this time maximally protected from possible infections.
After the examination, three months later, the doctors were alarmed, as the girl again found signs of cancer.
But two subsequent examinations showed a complete absence of cancer cells.
Huge potential
"Alyssa is the first patient to be treated with this technology," says Professor Wasim Qasim of the University of California and Great Ormond Street Hospital.
According to him, such genetic manipulation is a very rapidly developing field of science with huge potential for the treatment of a number of diseases.
However, the technology used to treat Alyssa is only a small fraction of what can be achieved using base editing.
Dr. David Liu of the Broad Institute, one of the inventors of the method, finds it surprising and unusual that the new method began to be used to treat people just six years after its development.
In the therapy developed for Alyssa, each base editing involved breaking down a section of the genetic code so that it no longer worked.
But the technology can be applied more subtly and selectively - for example, instead of turning off a defective instruction, you can adjust it.
Sickle cell anemia, for example, is caused by a change in just one base that can be corrected.
Scientists are already testing base editing in sickle cell anemia, as well as hereditary elevated cholesterol and beta-thalassemia (blood disease).

"Great Ormond Street’s team used gene editing technology that emerged just six years ago."

Title:

Content: A new method of cancer therapy has allowed to cure leukemia terminally ill child
Subscribe to our newsletter “Context ”: it will help you understand the events.
A British teenage girl managed to cure leukemia by applying a new type of therapy - the so-called base editing.
All other methods of treatment of 13-year-old Alyssa were unsuccessful, so the doctors of the world-famous London children's hospital Great Ormond Street, in fact, created a new medicine for her.
Six months later, no cancer cells were found in her body, although Alyssa is still under medical supervision.
Last May, Alyssa was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Under normal conditions, T cells are the body's defenders, but in Alyssa, their activities have become out of control and have become dangerous.
Alyssa had an aggressive type of cancer.
Neither chemotherapy nor bone marrow transplantation helped.
“After all, I would have died, ” Alyssa says.
Her mother, Kiona, says that last year she waited with horror for Christmas, thinking that they were meeting him together for the last time, and just cried on her daughter ’ s birthday in January.
What happened a few years ago was unimaginable.
Great Ormond Street ’ s team used gene editing technology that emerged just six years ago.
Editing the grounds
Nitrogenous bases are organic compounds that make up nucleic acids.
The four base types — adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) — are the building blocks of our genetic code.
Like the letters of the alphabet, the billions of bases in our DNA make up the instructions for the human body.
Base editing allows scientists to select a specific part of the genetic code and then change the molecular structure of just one base, transforming it into another and changing the genetic instructions.
A team of doctors and scientists used this tool to create a new type of T cells capable of tracking and killing cancer T cells in Alyssa's body.
Healthy donor T cells were used for this purpose.
The first modification turned off Alyssa ’ s T-cell targeting mechanism so that they would attack her body
The second amendment removed the CD7 leukocyte antigen, which is present in all T cells.
• The third edition prevented the death of cells from chemotherapy, making them “invisible ” to the drug.
In the final stage of genetic modification, T cells were instructed to hunt for all cells in which the CD7 protein was present in order to destroy all T cells in her body, including cancer cells.
Alyssa's immune system, including T cells, was supposed to be restored with a second bone marrow transplant.
Alyssa remained vulnerable to infections, as both cancer T cells in her body and those that protected her from disease.A month later, Alyssa went into remission, and she underwent a second bone marrow transplant to restore her immune system.Alyssa spent 16 weeks in the hospital and was at this time maximally protected from possible infections.
After the examination, three months later, the doctors were alarmed, as the girl again found signs of cancer.
But two subsequent examinations showed a complete absence of cancer cells.
Huge potential
"Alyssa is the first patient to be treated with this technology," says Professor Wasim Qasim of the University of California and Great Ormond Street Hospital.
According to him, such genetic manipulation is a very rapidly developing field of science with huge potential for the treatment of a number of diseases.
However, the technology used to treat Alyssa is only a small fraction of what can be achieved using base editing.
Dr. David Liu of the Broad Institute, one of the inventors of the method, finds it surprising and unusual that the new method began to be used to treat people just six years after its development.
In the therapy developed for Alyssa, each base editing involved breaking down a section of the genetic code so that it no longer worked.
But the technology can be applied more subtly and selectively - for example, instead of turning off a defective instruction, you can adjust it.
Sickle cell anemia, for example, is caused by a change in just one base that can be corrected.
Scientists are already testing base editing in sickle cell anemia, as well as hereditary elevated cholesterol and beta-thalassemia (blood disease).

"However, the technology used to treat Alyssa is only a small fraction of what can be achieved using base editing."

Title:

Content: A new method of cancer therapy has allowed to cure leukemia terminally ill child
Subscribe to our newsletter “Context ”: it will help you understand the events.
A British teenage girl managed to cure leukemia by applying a new type of therapy - the so-called base editing.
All other methods of treatment of 13-year-old Alyssa were unsuccessful, so the doctors of the world-famous London children's hospital Great Ormond Street, in fact, created a new medicine for her.
Six months later, no cancer cells were found in her body, although Alyssa is still under medical supervision.
Last May, Alyssa was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Under normal conditions, T cells are the body's defenders, but in Alyssa, their activities have become out of control and have become dangerous.
Alyssa had an aggressive type of cancer.
Neither chemotherapy nor bone marrow transplantation helped.
“After all, I would have died, ” Alyssa says.
Her mother, Kiona, says that last year she waited with horror for Christmas, thinking that they were meeting him together for the last time, and just cried on her daughter ’ s birthday in January.
What happened a few years ago was unimaginable.
Great Ormond Street ’ s team used gene editing technology that emerged just six years ago.
Editing the grounds
Nitrogenous bases are organic compounds that make up nucleic acids.
The four base types — adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) — are the building blocks of our genetic code.
Like the letters of the alphabet, the billions of bases in our DNA make up the instructions for the human body.
Base editing allows scientists to select a specific part of the genetic code and then change the molecular structure of just one base, transforming it into another and changing the genetic instructions.
A team of doctors and scientists used this tool to create a new type of T cells capable of tracking and killing cancer T cells in Alyssa's body.
Healthy donor T cells were used for this purpose.
The first modification turned off Alyssa ’ s T-cell targeting mechanism so that they would attack her body
The second amendment removed the CD7 leukocyte antigen, which is present in all T cells.
• The third edition prevented the death of cells from chemotherapy, making them “invisible ” to the drug.
In the final stage of genetic modification, T cells were instructed to hunt for all cells in which the CD7 protein was present in order to destroy all T cells in her body, including cancer cells.
Alyssa's immune system, including T cells, was supposed to be restored with a second bone marrow transplant.
Alyssa remained vulnerable to infections, as both cancer T cells in her body and those that protected her from disease.A month later, Alyssa went into remission, and she underwent a second bone marrow transplant to restore her immune system.Alyssa spent 16 weeks in the hospital and was at this time maximally protected from possible infections.
After the examination, three months later, the doctors were alarmed, as the girl again found signs of cancer.
But two subsequent examinations showed a complete absence of cancer cells.
Huge potential
"Alyssa is the first patient to be treated with this technology," says Professor Wasim Qasim of the University of California and Great Ormond Street Hospital.
According to him, such genetic manipulation is a very rapidly developing field of science with huge potential for the treatment of a number of diseases.
However, the technology used to treat Alyssa is only a small fraction of what can be achieved using base editing.
Dr. David Liu of the Broad Institute, one of the inventors of the method, finds it surprising and unusual that the new method began to be used to treat people just six years after its development.
In the therapy developed for Alyssa, each base editing involved breaking down a section of the genetic code so that it no longer worked.
But the technology can be applied more subtly and selectively - for example, instead of turning off a defective instruction, you can adjust it.
Sickle cell anemia, for example, is caused by a change in just one base that can be corrected.
Scientists are already testing base editing in sickle cell anemia, as well as hereditary elevated cholesterol and beta-thalassemia (blood disease).

"Sickle cell anemia, for example, is caused by a change in just one base that can be corrected."

Title:

Content: A new method of cancer therapy has allowed to cure leukemia terminally ill child
Subscribe to our newsletter “Context ”: it will help you understand the events.
A British teenage girl managed to cure leukemia by applying a new type of therapy - the so-called base editing.
All other methods of treatment of 13-year-old Alyssa were unsuccessful, so the doctors of the world-famous London children's hospital Great Ormond Street, in fact, created a new medicine for her.
Six months later, no cancer cells were found in her body, although Alyssa is still under medical supervision.
Last May, Alyssa was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Under normal conditions, T cells are the body's defenders, but in Alyssa, their activities have become out of control and have become dangerous.
Alyssa had an aggressive type of cancer.
Neither chemotherapy nor bone marrow transplantation helped.
“After all, I would have died, ” Alyssa says.
Her mother, Kiona, says that last year she waited with horror for Christmas, thinking that they were meeting him together for the last time, and just cried on her daughter ’ s birthday in January.
What happened a few years ago was unimaginable.
Great Ormond Street ’ s team used gene editing technology that emerged just six years ago.
Editing the grounds
Nitrogenous bases are organic compounds that make up nucleic acids.
The four base types — adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) — are the building blocks of our genetic code.
Like the letters of the alphabet, the billions of bases in our DNA make up the instructions for the human body.
Base editing allows scientists to select a specific part of the genetic code and then change the molecular structure of just one base, transforming it into another and changing the genetic instructions.
A team of doctors and scientists used this tool to create a new type of T cells capable of tracking and killing cancer T cells in Alyssa's body.
Healthy donor T cells were used for this purpose.
The first modification turned off Alyssa ’ s T-cell targeting mechanism so that they would attack her body
The second amendment removed the CD7 leukocyte antigen, which is present in all T cells.
• The third edition prevented the death of cells from chemotherapy, making them “invisible ” to the drug.
In the final stage of genetic modification, T cells were instructed to hunt for all cells in which the CD7 protein was present in order to destroy all T cells in her body, including cancer cells.
Alyssa's immune system, including T cells, was supposed to be restored with a second bone marrow transplant.
Alyssa remained vulnerable to infections, as both cancer T cells in her body and those that protected her from disease.A month later, Alyssa went into remission, and she underwent a second bone marrow transplant to restore her immune system.Alyssa spent 16 weeks in the hospital and was at this time maximally protected from possible infections.
After the examination, three months later, the doctors were alarmed, as the girl again found signs of cancer.
But two subsequent examinations showed a complete absence of cancer cells.
Huge potential
"Alyssa is the first patient to be treated with this technology," says Professor Wasim Qasim of the University of California and Great Ormond Street Hospital.
According to him, such genetic manipulation is a very rapidly developing field of science with huge potential for the treatment of a number of diseases.
However, the technology used to treat Alyssa is only a small fraction of what can be achieved using base editing.
Dr. David Liu of the Broad Institute, one of the inventors of the method, finds it surprising and unusual that the new method began to be used to treat people just six years after its development.
In the therapy developed for Alyssa, each base editing involved breaking down a section of the genetic code so that it no longer worked.
But the technology can be applied more subtly and selectively - for example, instead of turning off a defective instruction, you can adjust it.
Sickle cell anemia, for example, is caused by a change in just one base that can be corrected.
Scientists are already testing base editing in sickle cell anemia, as well as hereditary elevated cholesterol and beta-thalassemia (blood disease).

"However, not all the data obtained in animal models can then be applied to humans."

Title:

Content: .
Interspecific "genes of depression"
Interspecific "genes of depression"
Scientists from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Sirius University, the Institute of Translational Biomedicine of St. Petersburg State University, Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, the Institute of Neurology and Medicine (Novosibirsk) and the Ural Federal University conducted an interspecific analysis of brain gene expression in zebrafish, rats and humans to identify new common molecular targets. and for the treatment of central nervous system disorders caused by chronic stress.
The study identified several key brain proteins that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of affective disorders.
The work is reported by the press service of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
Affective disorders, also known as emotional disorders, are a set of mental disorders with a change in emotional state.
These are various forms of depression and mania, psychosis, increased anxiety.
They are widespread, as they are formed not only as an independent mental pathology, but also as complications in neurological and other somatic diseases.
This fact causes difficulties in diagnosis: low mood, anxiety and irritability people refer to temporary, situational manifestations.
According to statistics, emotional disorders of varying severity occur in 20% of people, but only a quarter of them receive qualified help.
Despite the high prevalence of such diseases, many pathological mechanisms are still not clear.
Animal models such as rats and zebrafish are often used to investigate affective disorders.
However, not all the data obtained in animal models can then be applied to humans.
This leads scientists to look for new techniques that would help identify evolutionarily stable molecular mechanisms for the development of affective disorders.
The team, led by Alan Kaluev, chief scientist at the MIPT Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Neurobiological Problems and Bioscreening, conducted the study, which used both traditional methods, such as comparing “healthy ” humans and animals with those who have symptoms of the disease, and more complex approaches: cross-species analysis by comparing orthologists —“ similar ” genes of different organisms that perform a similar function and are descended from a single DNA sequence.
The analysis used sequencing data of RNA — ribonucleic acid, which is an intermediate biomolecule for the transfer of information from the “source ”, DNA, to proteins that perform a certain function.
Genome-wide DNA sequencing gives an overall picture of the diversity of genes in the body, but it cannot answer the question of which are active in different cells and tissues at a certain point in time.
For this reason, RNA sequencing is used to analyze gene expression, through which a direct link can be established between gene activity and certain physiological conditions.
Scientists have managed to fix some common mechanisms of response to stress, including changes in the activity of genes responsible for calcium signaling, cell adhesion molecules and oxidative phosphorylation.
Elena Petersen, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biological and Neurobiological Problems and Bioscreening at MIPT, says: “We were able to identify several key brain proteins (GRIA1, DLG1, CDH1, THRB, PLCG2, NGEF, IKZF1 and FEZF2) as promising targets for drug exposure, as well as offer a new set of genes that can be used for further study of affective pathogenesis."
Scientists have identified common genes that are involved in pathogenesis in all three species and, therefore, are evolutionarily stable biomarkers of affective pathology.
The data were re-checked using several different techniques.
In the future, the results of the study can be used in the diagnosis and therapy of affective disorders.
The work was published in the journal Scientific Reports.
Source: polit.ru

"In the future, the results of the study can be used in the diagnosis and therapy of affective disorders."

Title:

Content: .
Interspecific "genes of depression"
Interspecific "genes of depression"
Scientists from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Sirius University, the Institute of Translational Biomedicine of St. Petersburg State University, Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, the Institute of Neurology and Medicine (Novosibirsk) and the Ural Federal University conducted an interspecific analysis of brain gene expression in zebrafish, rats and humans to identify new common molecular targets. and for the treatment of central nervous system disorders caused by chronic stress.
The study identified several key brain proteins that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of affective disorders.
The work is reported by the press service of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
Affective disorders, also known as emotional disorders, are a set of mental disorders with a change in emotional state.
These are various forms of depression and mania, psychosis, increased anxiety.
They are widespread, as they are formed not only as an independent mental pathology, but also as complications in neurological and other somatic diseases.
This fact causes difficulties in diagnosis: low mood, anxiety and irritability people refer to temporary, situational manifestations.
According to statistics, emotional disorders of varying severity occur in 20% of people, but only a quarter of them receive qualified help.
Despite the high prevalence of such diseases, many pathological mechanisms are still not clear.
Animal models such as rats and zebrafish are often used to investigate affective disorders.
However, not all the data obtained in animal models can then be applied to humans.
This leads scientists to look for new techniques that would help identify evolutionarily stable molecular mechanisms for the development of affective disorders.
The team, led by Alan Kaluev, chief scientist at the MIPT Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Neurobiological Problems and Bioscreening, conducted the study, which used both traditional methods, such as comparing “healthy ” humans and animals with those who have symptoms of the disease, and more complex approaches: cross-species analysis by comparing orthologists —“ similar ” genes of different organisms that perform a similar function and are descended from a single DNA sequence.
The analysis used sequencing data of RNA — ribonucleic acid, which is an intermediate biomolecule for the transfer of information from the “source ”, DNA, to proteins that perform a certain function.
Genome-wide DNA sequencing gives an overall picture of the diversity of genes in the body, but it cannot answer the question of which are active in different cells and tissues at a certain point in time.
For this reason, RNA sequencing is used to analyze gene expression, through which a direct link can be established between gene activity and certain physiological conditions.
Scientists have managed to fix some common mechanisms of response to stress, including changes in the activity of genes responsible for calcium signaling, cell adhesion molecules and oxidative phosphorylation.
Elena Petersen, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biological and Neurobiological Problems and Bioscreening at MIPT, says: “We were able to identify several key brain proteins (GRIA1, DLG1, CDH1, THRB, PLCG2, NGEF, IKZF1 and FEZF2) as promising targets for drug exposure, as well as offer a new set of genes that can be used for further study of affective pathogenesis."
Scientists have identified common genes that are involved in pathogenesis in all three species and, therefore, are evolutionarily stable biomarkers of affective pathology.
The data were re-checked using several different techniques.
In the future, the results of the study can be used in the diagnosis and therapy of affective disorders.
The work was published in the journal Scientific Reports.
Source: polit.ru

"Researchers at the British Babraham Institute managed to reprogram human skin cells and make them 30 years younger."

Title:

Content: Researchers at the British Babraham Institute managed to reprogram human skin cells and make them 30 years younger.
A new technique for rejuvenating skin cells allowed researchers to rewind their biological clock, making a “leap in time ”, while the cells did not lose their functions, according to Bloomberg.
In the study, scientists describe the possibility of partially restoring the function of old cells, as well as updating their biological age.
In experiments modeling the skin wound, the partially renewed cells showed signs of behavior more similar to the behavior of young cells.
Experts suggest that the results of the study may change regenerative medicine, especially if this process can be replicated in other types of cells.
Professor Wolf Reik, head of the epigenetics research program, said the work has very exciting implications.
"We will be able to identify genes that rejuvenate without reprogramming, and specifically target cells to reduce the effects of aging," he explained.
Dr. Diljit Gill, a research fellow at Professor Rake's lab at the Bebraham Institute, said:
"Our results are a big step forward in understanding cell reprogramming.
We have shown that cells can be rejuvenated without losing their function. "
It is noted that as a person ages, the ability of cells to function normally decreases, and the genome - the DNA circuit - accumulates signs of aging.
Regenerative biology aims to repair or replace cells, including old ones.
One of its most important tools is the ability to create “induced ” stem cells.
However, this process erases the functions of cells and gives them the ability to become cells of any type.
The new method, based on a technique that was a Nobel laureate and which scientists use to create stem cells, overcomes the problem of completely erasing the identity of the cell, stopping the reprogramming of part of the process.
This allowed the researchers to find the exact balance between reprogramming cells, making them biologically younger, but in doing so they could regain their specialized cellular function.
Scientists noted that the potential application of this technique depends on the fact that the cells not only look younger, but also function as young cells.
Experts suggest that in the future, the study may open up other therapeutic options.
They noticed that their method also affected other genes associated with age-related diseases and symptoms, such as the APBA2 gene associated with Alzheimer's disease and the MAF gene, which contributes to the development of cataracts.
You may also be interested in news:

"After reviewing millions of medical data for 2020 and 2021, the researchers found that patients who had undergone COVID-19 had higher rates of development of various neurodegenerative diseases."

Title:

Content: After reviewing millions of medical data for 2020 and 2021, researchers found that COVID-19 patients had higher rates of development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer ’ s disease, Parkinson ’ s disease, brain hemorrhages and stroke.
announcements and advertising
A new study presented recently at the Congress of the European Academy of Neurology in Vienna indicates an increased risk of several neurological diseases in patients after suffering COVID-19.
According to the results of the study, the risk of developing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and various strokes significantly increased among people who had COVID, compared with those who were not infected.
advertising
After reviewing millions of medical data for 2020 and 2021, the researchers found that patients who had undergone COVID-19 had higher rates of development of various neurodegenerative diseases.
“More than two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the exact nature and evolution of COVID-19 ’ s impact on neurological diseases remained unexplored, ” said Pardis Zarifkar of the University Hospital of Copenhagen.
"Previous studies have established a link with neurological syndromes, but until now it was not known how much COVID-19 affects the incidence of specific neurological diseases and whether it differs from other respiratory infections."
In the course of the work, the scientists analyzed electronic medical records of almost half of the total population of Denmark for 2020 and 2021.
During the entire study period, individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 were 3.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer ’ s disease; 2.6 times more likely to have Parkinson ’ s disease; 4.8 times more likely to have cerebral hemorrhage; and 2.7 times more likely to have ischemic stroke.
Zarifkar notes that the increased risk of developing these neurological diseases after COVID-19 coincides with those cases previously reported after influenza or bacterial pneumonia.
However, due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 infections, it is likely that the baseline rates of these neurodegenerative diseases will increase globally in the coming years.
"We found evidence of an increased risk of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease among COVID-19 positive patients compared to individuals without COVID, which should be confirmed or disproved by large statistical studies in the very near future," Zarifkar added.
"It is encouraging that, with the exception of ischemic stroke, most neurological disorders do not occur more frequently after COVID-19 than after influenza or bacterial pneumonia."
For decades, scientists have observed a relationship between certain viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases.
Perhaps the most famous of these was the increase in the incidence of Parkinson ’ s disease following the Spanish flu pandemic in the early 20th century.
Since the onset of the pandemic in 2020, experts have warned of potential spikes in diseases such as Pankinson ’ s disease, and now the findings suggest that these predictions may come true.
Scientists have previously tried to figure out which mechanisms may contribute to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases after COVID-19.
For many years, the most well-known theory explaining the link between viral infections and neurodegeneration has been the hypothesis that inflammation caused by a virus can either provoke or accelerate the development of neurological diseases.
A review paper published in 2012 suggested that repeated viral infections could increase the risk of neurological disease by activating a "cascade of relevant events" similar to those seen in the earliest stages of neurodegeneration.
"We suggest that neurodegeneration can be triggered and then spread by repeated inflammatory reactions (such as local cytokine production) over time," the 2012 review said.
"Moreover, there is evidence of activation of both microglial and astrocytic cells that track existing neural circuits in the CNS [central nervous system] and PNS [peripheral nervous system].
These inflammatory processes, combined with regional and cell-type dependent neuronal vulnerability, can cause specific structural and functional neurodegenerative disorders that define individual neurodegenerative diseases. "
As a result of numerous studies, it has been found that inflammation of the brain is a characteristic feature of some infections caused by COVID-19.
However, it is currently unknown exactly how the virus can cause such neuroinflammation and whether such an autoimmune reaction will lead to long-term problems.
In comments on the new COVID-19 data, Sarah Imarcio of Alzheimer ’ s Research UK said it should not be forgotten that the neurological diseases that cause dementia are driven by a range of factors, from genetic predisposition to age and the environment.
Therefore, COVID-19 potentially plays only a small role in the overall risk of developing these diseases in humans.
Imarcio also stressed that there are a number of other factors that may explain why rates of neurodegenerative diseases are higher in people infected with COVID-19.
And of course, it ’ s too early to judge the long-term effects of COVID-19 on some brain diseases that could take decades to develop.
“Diseases like Alzheimer ’ s have been developing in the brain for years, and COVID-19 didn ’ t appear in Europe until early 2020, ” Imarcio added.
"It may very well be that people in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's are more susceptible to contracting diseases like COVID-19.
And while reporting these findings is worrisome, we need to see the results of this study in a peer-reviewed publication before we can draw any real conclusions from this study. "
The new study was published in the journal Frontiers in Neurology.
announcements and advertising
Sources: European Academy of Neurology, Journal Frontiers in Neurology.
(https: / / www.eurekalert.org / news-releases / 956611)
(https: / / www.frontiersin.org / articles / 10.3389 / fneur.2022.904796 / full)
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This material is written by a visitor to the site, and a reward is accrued for it.
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"Even small changes in the DNA sequence in non-coding regions can significantly affect gene expression, which increases the risk of ASD."

Title:

Content: The butterfly effect in DNA: how mutations in non-coding regions activate autism genes
‘ Butterfly Effect ’ May Explain Some Genetic Causes of Autism
The butterfly effect may explain the activation of genes associated with autism in DNA.
According to the latest study, the complex ripple effect of mutations in genes unrelated to autism may ultimately affect the activity of genes associated with the disorder.
The mechanism of work is that DNA contains genetic material known as promoters, which regulate the activation and deactivation of genes.
Because DNA has a three-dimensional structure, promoters can control genes that are at a great distance from them in the DNA sequence.
These promoters and the corresponding genes form a topologically associated domain (TAD).
Because of this complex mechanism, a person who does not have mutations in genes associated with autism may still develop the disorder due to mutations in promoters elsewhere in the genome.
This new study, published in the journal Cell Genomics, explores this idea.
Autism is often inherited, and it is estimated that 40% to 80% of cases are related to hereditary genes.
However, spontaneous mutations in the DNA that cause autism are also possible.
These mutations are found in "non-coding" sections of DNA that make up most of the genome.
Prior to this study, there was little data on how mutations in non-coding DNA affect the likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
The new findings, obtained after analyzing the genomes of more than 5,000 people with autism, point to a direct link between autism and gene regulation mechanisms, especially with TADs containing genes associated with autism.
Even small changes in the DNA sequence in non-coding regions can significantly affect gene expression, which increases the risk of ASD.
This is compared to the butterfly effect, where a small change in the initial state of a complex system has far-reaching consequences.
In additional experiments using CRISPR gene editing technology on human stem cells, the researchers confirmed the effect of mutations in TAD promoters on genes associated with autism.
Further research is planned to identify other types of non-coding mutations that may affect the likelihood of developing autism.
Author Makar Gorshenin
Makar Vadimovich Gorshenin is a student of the Moscow University of Finance and Law, a freelance correspondent of Pravda.Ru.
Latest materials

Title:

Content: After reviewing millions of medical data for 2020 and 2021, researchers found that COVID-19 patients had higher rates of development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer ’ s disease, Parkinson ’ s disease, brain hemorrhages and stroke.
announcements and advertising
A new study presented recently at the Congress of the European Academy of Neurology in Vienna indicates an increased risk of several neurological diseases in patients after suffering COVID-19.
According to the results of the study, the risk of developing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and various strokes significantly increased among people who had COVID, compared with those who were not infected.
advertising
After reviewing millions of medical data for 2020 and 2021, the researchers found that patients who had undergone COVID-19 had higher rates of development of various neurodegenerative diseases.
“More than two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the exact nature and evolution of COVID-19 ’ s impact on neurological diseases remained unexplored, ” said Pardis Zarifkar of the University Hospital of Copenhagen.
"Previous studies have established a link with neurological syndromes, but until now it was not known how much COVID-19 affects the incidence of specific neurological diseases and whether it differs from other respiratory infections."
In the course of the work, the scientists analyzed electronic medical records of almost half of the total population of Denmark for 2020 and 2021.
During the entire study period, individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 were 3.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer ’ s disease; 2.6 times more likely to have Parkinson ’ s disease; 4.8 times more likely to have cerebral hemorrhage; and 2.7 times more likely to have ischemic stroke.
Zarifkar notes that the increased risk of developing these neurological diseases after COVID-19 coincides with those cases previously reported after influenza or bacterial pneumonia.
However, due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 infections, it is likely that the baseline rates of these neurodegenerative diseases will increase globally in the coming years.
"We found evidence of an increased risk of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease among COVID-19 positive patients compared to individuals without COVID, which should be confirmed or disproved by large statistical studies in the very near future," Zarifkar added.
"It is encouraging that, with the exception of ischemic stroke, most neurological disorders do not occur more frequently after COVID-19 than after influenza or bacterial pneumonia."
For decades, scientists have observed a relationship between certain viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases.
Perhaps the most famous of these was the increase in the incidence of Parkinson ’ s disease following the Spanish flu pandemic in the early 20th century.
Since the onset of the pandemic in 2020, experts have warned of potential spikes in diseases such as Pankinson ’ s disease, and now the findings suggest that these predictions may come true.
Scientists have previously tried to figure out which mechanisms may contribute to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases after COVID-19.
For many years, the most well-known theory explaining the link between viral infections and neurodegeneration has been the hypothesis that inflammation caused by a virus can either provoke or accelerate the development of neurological diseases.
A review paper published in 2012 suggested that repeated viral infections could increase the risk of neurological disease by activating a "cascade of relevant events" similar to those seen in the earliest stages of neurodegeneration.
"We suggest that neurodegeneration can be triggered and then spread by repeated inflammatory reactions (such as local cytokine production) over time," the 2012 review said.
"Moreover, there is evidence of activation of both microglial and astrocytic cells that track existing neural circuits in the CNS [central nervous system] and PNS [peripheral nervous system].
These inflammatory processes, combined with regional and cell-type dependent neuronal vulnerability, can cause specific structural and functional neurodegenerative disorders that define individual neurodegenerative diseases. "
As a result of numerous studies, it has been found that inflammation of the brain is a characteristic feature of some infections caused by COVID-19.
However, it is currently unknown exactly how the virus can cause such neuroinflammation and whether such an autoimmune reaction will lead to long-term problems.
In comments on the new COVID-19 data, Sarah Imarcio of Alzheimer ’ s Research UK said it should not be forgotten that the neurological diseases that cause dementia are driven by a range of factors, from genetic predisposition to age and the environment.
Therefore, COVID-19 potentially plays only a small role in the overall risk of developing these diseases in humans.
Imarcio also stressed that there are a number of other factors that may explain why rates of neurodegenerative diseases are higher in people infected with COVID-19.
And of course, it ’ s too early to judge the long-term effects of COVID-19 on some brain diseases that could take decades to develop.
“Diseases like Alzheimer ’ s have been developing in the brain for years, and COVID-19 didn ’ t appear in Europe until early 2020, ” Imarcio added.
"It may very well be that people in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's are more susceptible to contracting diseases like COVID-19.
And while reporting these findings is worrisome, we need to see the results of this study in a peer-reviewed publication before we can draw any real conclusions from this study. "
The new study was published in the journal Frontiers in Neurology.
announcements and advertising
Sources: European Academy of Neurology, Journal Frontiers in Neurology.
(https: / / www.eurekalert.org / news-releases / 956611)
(https: / / www.frontiersin.org / articles / 10.3389 / fneur.2022.904796 / full)
For the post accrued remuneration
This material is written by a visitor to the site, and a reward is accrued for it.
1
Popular news

"About one percent of people live with chromosomal aberrations of one kind or another."

Title:

Content: NEWS
Coronavirus
Diseases and medicines
Science
Traditional medicine
HLS
Chromosomal rearrangements diagnosed with laser tweezers
Chromosomal permutations, or aberrations, are considered the main cause of spontaneous abortions.
Moreover, about one percent of people on Earth live with such mutations.
That is why it is necessary to quickly and reliably diagnose such disorders, for which scientists proposed the use of laser tweezers, which allows you to manipulate individual molecules.
Photo: Naked-Science.ruNaked-Science.ru
The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which one is sexual, identical in the case of women (XX) and dissimilar in the case of men (XY).
This whole set includes structures of different size, having a stretch and so-called shoulders, which sometimes vary markedly in size.
Video of the day
Sometimes in such a set there are quite serious changes.
For example, individual chromosomes in a pair can be doubled (as in the case of Down syndrome) or fall out (an example is Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, when only one X chromosome remains from the sex chromosome).
Smaller scale rearrangements are also described: for example, in Oldred and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromes, a small portion of the chromosome disappears.
In other cases, part of the chromosome can double or turn 180 degrees.
About one percent of people live with chromosomal aberrations of one kind or another.
Moreover, they are considered the most common cause of spontaneous abortion in the early stages.
Therefore, it is very important to have reliable and rapid diagnostic methods that allow you to detect such mutations in time.
Sometimes doctors who suspect another case of chromosomal rearrangements cannot understand which of them they are dealing with, or assess the size of the defect - all this makes it difficult to predict the course of the disease.
To solve such problems, researchers from the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) proposed diagnostics based on high-precision biophysical methods.
It made it possible to achieve very high accuracy and to notice those chromosomal aberrations that are indistinguishable by standard methods.
"Ideally, we would like to take a sample from a person with infertility, for example, and use our method to analyze chromosomes to detect the defects present.
In principle, it can also be useful for the study of other chromosomal rearrangements and diseases, in particular cancer, ” said Professor Ian Hickson (Ian Hickson) from the Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, one of the authors of the new paper in Nature.
The scientist notes that modern hospitals (for example, in Denmark) are already diagnosing chromosomal aberrations, but their technology is far from perfect.
"Now, when studying chromosomes, they are exposed to chemical reagents with which they are fixed.
It ’ s all like a veterinarian who wants to see a pet dog, but to do this, he must first make a stuffed animal out of it, ” explained Hickson.
The solution proposed by the Danes is much more delicate and high-tech.
They use laser, or optical tweezers – a special tool that allows you to manipulate microscopic objects and even individual molecules.
Scientists use optical tweezers in protein research and for particularly accurate measurements.
When working with chromosomes, this technique essentially works like a very high resolution microscope.
Moreover, in this case, you can move, squeeze and stretch the chromosomes.
For example, with such manipulations, a piece at the end of a chromosome can fall off, which indicates certain mutations.
It turns out, with the help of optical tweezers, it is really possible to notice even the smallest defects and conduct a better diagnosis.

"Therefore, it is very important to have reliable and rapid diagnostic methods that allow you to detect such mutations in time."

Title:

Content: NEWS
Coronavirus
Diseases and medicines
Science
Traditional medicine
HLS
Chromosomal rearrangements diagnosed with laser tweezers
Chromosomal permutations, or aberrations, are considered the main cause of spontaneous abortions.
Moreover, about one percent of people on Earth live with such mutations.
That is why it is necessary to quickly and reliably diagnose such disorders, for which scientists proposed the use of laser tweezers, which allows you to manipulate individual molecules.
Photo: Naked-Science.ruNaked-Science.ru
The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which one is sexual, identical in the case of women (XX) and dissimilar in the case of men (XY).
This whole set includes structures of different size, having a stretch and so-called shoulders, which sometimes vary markedly in size.
Video of the day
Sometimes in such a set there are quite serious changes.
For example, individual chromosomes in a pair can be doubled (as in the case of Down syndrome) or fall out (an example is Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, when only one X chromosome remains from the sex chromosome).
Smaller scale rearrangements are also described: for example, in Oldred and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromes, a small portion of the chromosome disappears.
In other cases, part of the chromosome can double or turn 180 degrees.
About one percent of people live with chromosomal aberrations of one kind or another.
Moreover, they are considered the most common cause of spontaneous abortion in the early stages.
Therefore, it is very important to have reliable and rapid diagnostic methods that allow you to detect such mutations in time.
Sometimes doctors who suspect another case of chromosomal rearrangements cannot understand which of them they are dealing with, or assess the size of the defect - all this makes it difficult to predict the course of the disease.
To solve such problems, researchers from the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) proposed diagnostics based on high-precision biophysical methods.
It made it possible to achieve very high accuracy and to notice those chromosomal aberrations that are indistinguishable by standard methods.
"Ideally, we would like to take a sample from a person with infertility, for example, and use our method to analyze chromosomes to detect the defects present.
In principle, it can also be useful for the study of other chromosomal rearrangements and diseases, in particular cancer, ” said Professor Ian Hickson (Ian Hickson) from the Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, one of the authors of the new paper in Nature.
The scientist notes that modern hospitals (for example, in Denmark) are already diagnosing chromosomal aberrations, but their technology is far from perfect.
"Now, when studying chromosomes, they are exposed to chemical reagents with which they are fixed.
It ’ s all like a veterinarian who wants to see a pet dog, but to do this, he must first make a stuffed animal out of it, ” explained Hickson.
The solution proposed by the Danes is much more delicate and high-tech.
They use laser, or optical tweezers – a special tool that allows you to manipulate microscopic objects and even individual molecules.
Scientists use optical tweezers in protein research and for particularly accurate measurements.
When working with chromosomes, this technique essentially works like a very high resolution microscope.
Moreover, in this case, you can move, squeeze and stretch the chromosomes.
For example, with such manipulations, a piece at the end of a chromosome can fall off, which indicates certain mutations.
It turns out, with the help of optical tweezers, it is really possible to notice even the smallest defects and conduct a better diagnosis.

"Scientists have discovered the genes responsible for weight gain and weight loss."

Title:

Content: Scientists have discovered the genes responsible for weight gain and weight loss
The study may help make a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
Although it is generally believed that the main factors in weight gain in people are excessive appetite and lack of exercise, but scientists are beginning to paint a much more complex picture.
It turns out that our genes can also play a significant role in this.
A team of scientists from the University of Virginia during the study was able to identify 14 genes that can cause weight gain, and another 3 that can prevent it.
Scientists hope that their discovery will help make a significant breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
Genes and obesity
It is known that there are hundreds of genes associated with obesity that are more common among overweight people than with healthy ones.
Therefore, the team set out to determine which of these genes play a causal role in promoting or preventing weight gain.
To do this, they developed an automated pipeline to simultaneously test hundreds of genes.
And helped them in this modest worms, known as Caenorhabditis elegans.
These tiny individuals, which live in rotten vegetation, share more than 70% of our genes and have become the basis for many key scientific discoveries.
How the study was conducted
Developing a new approach for some worms, the researchers put them on an unhealthy high-fructose diet so that they served as a model for obesity, whereas the control group received regular food.
The scientists then applied machine learning to screen 293 genes, trying to identify those that directly cause or prevent obesity in worms.
This analysis allowed the researchers to identify 14 genes that cause obesity, and 3 others that dim weight gain.
When the scientists blocked the negative effects of the three genes, it led to the worms living longer and having better neuromotor functions.
We expect that our approach and the new genes we have discovered will accelerate the development of treatments to reduce the burden of obesity.
Study author Eileen O'Rourke said.
And while the discovery holds promising promise, the team understands that there is still a lot of research to be done before we start developing drugs aimed at influencing these genes.
The latest medical news in our group on Odnoklassniki
https: / / hronika.info - Added valyuha to the category Miscellaneous
Read also
Add a comment
Log in to comment or register here

Title:

Content: NEWS
Coronavirus
Diseases and medicines
Science
Traditional medicine
HLS
Chromosomal rearrangements diagnosed with laser tweezers
Chromosomal permutations, or aberrations, are considered the main cause of spontaneous abortions.
Moreover, about one percent of people on Earth live with such mutations.
That is why it is necessary to quickly and reliably diagnose such disorders, for which scientists proposed the use of laser tweezers, which allows you to manipulate individual molecules.
Photo: Naked-Science.ruNaked-Science.ru
The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which one is sexual, identical in the case of women (XX) and dissimilar in the case of men (XY).
This whole set includes structures of different size, having a stretch and so-called shoulders, which sometimes vary markedly in size.
Video of the day
Sometimes in such a set there are quite serious changes.
For example, individual chromosomes in a pair can be doubled (as in the case of Down syndrome) or fall out (an example is Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, when only one X chromosome remains from the sex chromosome).
Smaller scale rearrangements are also described: for example, in Oldred and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromes, a small portion of the chromosome disappears.
In other cases, part of the chromosome can double or turn 180 degrees.
About one percent of people live with chromosomal aberrations of one kind or another.
Moreover, they are considered the most common cause of spontaneous abortion in the early stages.
Therefore, it is very important to have reliable and rapid diagnostic methods that allow you to detect such mutations in time.
Sometimes doctors who suspect another case of chromosomal rearrangements cannot understand which of them they are dealing with, or assess the size of the defect - all this makes it difficult to predict the course of the disease.
To solve such problems, researchers from the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) proposed diagnostics based on high-precision biophysical methods.
It made it possible to achieve very high accuracy and to notice those chromosomal aberrations that are indistinguishable by standard methods.
"Ideally, we would like to take a sample from a person with infertility, for example, and use our method to analyze chromosomes to detect the defects present.
In principle, it can also be useful for the study of other chromosomal rearrangements and diseases, in particular cancer, ” said Professor Ian Hickson (Ian Hickson) from the Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, one of the authors of the new paper in Nature.
The scientist notes that modern hospitals (for example, in Denmark) are already diagnosing chromosomal aberrations, but their technology is far from perfect.
"Now, when studying chromosomes, they are exposed to chemical reagents with which they are fixed.
It ’ s all like a veterinarian who wants to see a pet dog, but to do this, he must first make a stuffed animal out of it, ” explained Hickson.
The solution proposed by the Danes is much more delicate and high-tech.
They use laser, or optical tweezers – a special tool that allows you to manipulate microscopic objects and even individual molecules.
Scientists use optical tweezers in protein research and for particularly accurate measurements.
When working with chromosomes, this technique essentially works like a very high resolution microscope.
Moreover, in this case, you can move, squeeze and stretch the chromosomes.
For example, with such manipulations, a piece at the end of a chromosome can fall off, which indicates certain mutations.
It turns out, with the help of optical tweezers, it is really possible to notice even the smallest defects and conduct a better diagnosis.

"The study may help make a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity."

Title:

Content: Scientists have discovered the genes responsible for weight gain and weight loss
The study may help make a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
Although it is generally believed that the main factors in weight gain in people are excessive appetite and lack of exercise, but scientists are beginning to paint a much more complex picture.
It turns out that our genes can also play a significant role in this.
A team of scientists from the University of Virginia during the study was able to identify 14 genes that can cause weight gain, and another 3 that can prevent it.
Scientists hope that their discovery will help make a significant breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
Genes and obesity
It is known that there are hundreds of genes associated with obesity that are more common among overweight people than with healthy ones.
Therefore, the team set out to determine which of these genes play a causal role in promoting or preventing weight gain.
To do this, they developed an automated pipeline to simultaneously test hundreds of genes.
And helped them in this modest worms, known as Caenorhabditis elegans.
These tiny individuals, which live in rotten vegetation, share more than 70% of our genes and have become the basis for many key scientific discoveries.
How the study was conducted
Developing a new approach for some worms, the researchers put them on an unhealthy high-fructose diet so that they served as a model for obesity, whereas the control group received regular food.
The scientists then applied machine learning to screen 293 genes, trying to identify those that directly cause or prevent obesity in worms.
This analysis allowed the researchers to identify 14 genes that cause obesity, and 3 others that dim weight gain.
When the scientists blocked the negative effects of the three genes, it led to the worms living longer and having better neuromotor functions.
We expect that our approach and the new genes we have discovered will accelerate the development of treatments to reduce the burden of obesity.
Study author Eileen O'Rourke said.
And while the discovery holds promising promise, the team understands that there is still a lot of research to be done before we start developing drugs aimed at influencing these genes.
The latest medical news in our group on Odnoklassniki
https: / / hronika.info - Added valyuha to the category Miscellaneous
Read also
Add a comment
Log in to comment or register here

According to the studies, how does intermittent fasting help?

It reduces the risk of lifestyle-related diseases, such as metabolic disorders.

"A team of scientists from the University of Virginia during the study was able to identify 14 genes that can cause weight gain, and another 3 that can prevent it."

Title:

Content: Scientists have discovered the genes responsible for weight gain and weight loss
The study may help make a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
Although it is generally believed that the main factors in weight gain in people are excessive appetite and lack of exercise, but scientists are beginning to paint a much more complex picture.
It turns out that our genes can also play a significant role in this.
A team of scientists from the University of Virginia during the study was able to identify 14 genes that can cause weight gain, and another 3 that can prevent it.
Scientists hope that their discovery will help make a significant breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
Genes and obesity
It is known that there are hundreds of genes associated with obesity that are more common among overweight people than with healthy ones.
Therefore, the team set out to determine which of these genes play a causal role in promoting or preventing weight gain.
To do this, they developed an automated pipeline to simultaneously test hundreds of genes.
And helped them in this modest worms, known as Caenorhabditis elegans.
These tiny individuals, which live in rotten vegetation, share more than 70% of our genes and have become the basis for many key scientific discoveries.
How the study was conducted
Developing a new approach for some worms, the researchers put them on an unhealthy high-fructose diet so that they served as a model for obesity, whereas the control group received regular food.
The scientists then applied machine learning to screen 293 genes, trying to identify those that directly cause or prevent obesity in worms.
This analysis allowed the researchers to identify 14 genes that cause obesity, and 3 others that dim weight gain.
When the scientists blocked the negative effects of the three genes, it led to the worms living longer and having better neuromotor functions.
We expect that our approach and the new genes we have discovered will accelerate the development of treatments to reduce the burden of obesity.
Study author Eileen O'Rourke said.
And while the discovery holds promising promise, the team understands that there is still a lot of research to be done before we start developing drugs aimed at influencing these genes.
The latest medical news in our group on Odnoklassniki
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Title:

Content: NEWS
Coronavirus
Diseases and medicines
Science
Traditional medicine
HLS
Chromosomal rearrangements diagnosed with laser tweezers
Chromosomal permutations, or aberrations, are considered the main cause of spontaneous abortions.
Moreover, about one percent of people on Earth live with such mutations.
That is why it is necessary to quickly and reliably diagnose such disorders, for which scientists proposed the use of laser tweezers, which allows you to manipulate individual molecules.
Photo: Naked-Science.ruNaked-Science.ru
The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which one is sexual, identical in the case of women (XX) and dissimilar in the case of men (XY).
This whole set includes structures of different size, having a stretch and so-called shoulders, which sometimes vary markedly in size.
Video of the day
Sometimes in such a set there are quite serious changes.
For example, individual chromosomes in a pair can be doubled (as in the case of Down syndrome) or fall out (an example is Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, when only one X chromosome remains from the sex chromosome).
Smaller scale rearrangements are also described: for example, in Oldred and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromes, a small portion of the chromosome disappears.
In other cases, part of the chromosome can double or turn 180 degrees.
About one percent of people live with chromosomal aberrations of one kind or another.
Moreover, they are considered the most common cause of spontaneous abortion in the early stages.
Therefore, it is very important to have reliable and rapid diagnostic methods that allow you to detect such mutations in time.
Sometimes doctors who suspect another case of chromosomal rearrangements cannot understand which of them they are dealing with, or assess the size of the defect - all this makes it difficult to predict the course of the disease.
To solve such problems, researchers from the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) proposed diagnostics based on high-precision biophysical methods.
It made it possible to achieve very high accuracy and to notice those chromosomal aberrations that are indistinguishable by standard methods.
"Ideally, we would like to take a sample from a person with infertility, for example, and use our method to analyze chromosomes to detect the defects present.
In principle, it can also be useful for the study of other chromosomal rearrangements and diseases, in particular cancer, ” said Professor Ian Hickson (Ian Hickson) from the Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, one of the authors of the new paper in Nature.
The scientist notes that modern hospitals (for example, in Denmark) are already diagnosing chromosomal aberrations, but their technology is far from perfect.
"Now, when studying chromosomes, they are exposed to chemical reagents with which they are fixed.
It ’ s all like a veterinarian who wants to see a pet dog, but to do this, he must first make a stuffed animal out of it, ” explained Hickson.
The solution proposed by the Danes is much more delicate and high-tech.
They use laser, or optical tweezers – a special tool that allows you to manipulate microscopic objects and even individual molecules.
Scientists use optical tweezers in protein research and for particularly accurate measurements.
When working with chromosomes, this technique essentially works like a very high resolution microscope.
Moreover, in this case, you can move, squeeze and stretch the chromosomes.
For example, with such manipulations, a piece at the end of a chromosome can fall off, which indicates certain mutations.
It turns out, with the help of optical tweezers, it is really possible to notice even the smallest defects and conduct a better diagnosis.

"Scientists: Humans can evolve into cyborgs."

Title:

Content: 13 June 2024, Thursday, 14: 11
Please support
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Shem Shem,
Charter 97!
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Scientists: Humans can evolve into cyborgs
4
The latest study by neuroscientists has become a sensation.
A new study by neuroscientists shows that humans can evolve into cyborgs with “tweezers ” bionic hand tools.
The next step in human evolution could be the further integration of technology with flesh and bone.
But, according to a new study, this technology does not mimic human traits like modern prostheses.
Neuroscientists have found that people do feel more connected to bionic tools, similar to tweezers, than with grafts resembling human hands, writes The Sun.
Using virtual reality (VR), the researchers tested whether people can feel that the claw of tweezers is part of their body.
Participants were able to successfully implement a “bionic instrument ” and a prosthetic arm with equal degrees.
However, people were faster and more accurate at virtually completing tasks with tweezers than when they were using a human hand.
For our biology to blend seamlessly with the tools, we need to feel that the tools are part of our body.
Our results suggest that people may perceive tweezers as an inseparable part of their body, ” said Ottavia Maddaluno, a neuroscientist at the University of Rome Sapienza and first author of the study.
Scientists believe that the participants identified their hands more with tweezers because of their simplicity: "In terms of tweezers' task, tweezers are functionally similar to a human hand, but simpler as well as easier in terms of computation for the brain," Maddaluno added.
The next step is to study whether these bionic instruments can be implemented in patients who have lost limbs.
"We also want to investigate the plastic changes that this kind of bionic instrument can cause in the brains of both healthy participants and amputees," said Ottavia.
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These sentences address: early disease detection technologies, inflammation and its relation to disease, advances in genetics and diagnostics, limitations of current science, personalized/precision medicine, emerging therapies (gene editing, cell reprogramming), significance of reliable diagnostic methods, the genetic basis of diseases and obesity, and the future blending of biology with technology—all relevant or adjacent themes in biohacking and self-optimization.

Title:

Content: Researchers at the British Babraham Institute managed to reprogram human skin cells and make them 30 years younger.
A new technique for rejuvenating skin cells allowed researchers to rewind their biological clock, making a “leap in time ”, while the cells did not lose their functions, according to Bloomberg.
In the study, scientists describe the possibility of partially restoring the function of old cells, as well as updating their biological age.
In experiments modeling the skin wound, the partially renewed cells showed signs of behavior more similar to the behavior of young cells.
Experts suggest that the results of the study may change regenerative medicine, especially if this process can be replicated in other types of cells.
Professor Wolf Reik, head of the epigenetics research program, said the work has very exciting implications.
"We will be able to identify genes that rejuvenate without reprogramming, and specifically target cells to reduce the effects of aging," he explained.
Dr. Diljit Gill, a research fellow at Professor Rake's lab at the Bebraham Institute, said:
"Our results are a big step forward in understanding cell reprogramming.
We have shown that cells can be rejuvenated without losing their function. "
It is noted that as a person ages, the ability of cells to function normally decreases, and the genome - the DNA circuit - accumulates signs of aging.
Regenerative biology aims to repair or replace cells, including old ones.
One of its most important tools is the ability to create “induced ” stem cells.
However, this process erases the functions of cells and gives them the ability to become cells of any type.
The new method, based on a technique that was a Nobel laureate and which scientists use to create stem cells, overcomes the problem of completely erasing the identity of the cell, stopping the reprogramming of part of the process.
This allowed the researchers to find the exact balance between reprogramming cells, making them biologically younger, but in doing so they could regain their specialized cellular function.
Scientists noted that the potential application of this technique depends on the fact that the cells not only look younger, but also function as young cells.
Experts suggest that in the future, the study may open up other therapeutic options.
They noticed that their method also affected other genes associated with age-related diseases and symptoms, such as the APBA2 gene associated with Alzheimer's disease and the MAF gene, which contributes to the development of cataracts.
You may also be interested in news:

Here are **the key sentences from the text, extracted for their importance and relevance to your information request about biohacking, methods for self-optimization, and their scientific support**:

---

1.

Title:

Content: Science and Technology
A new study on unity.
What did you reveal?
Gulf Dot -
A new study on unity.
What did you reveal?
Often, the process of ascertaining whether a child has autism depends on the parents' description of their child's behavior, as well as the observations of specialists, leaving plenty of room for human error.
It is possible that parents' fears may distort some of the answers given by specialists to them, and it is possible that some doctors and therapists underestimate the diagnosis of certain symptoms, which may appear in children, which may lead to incorrect conclusions about autism spectrum disorder.
Autism spectrum disorder is a condition associated with brain development that affects how a person perceives and deals with others on a social level, causing problems with social interaction and communication, according to the Mayo Clinic.
The disorder involves limited and repetitive patterns of behavior, and the term "spectrum" in autism spectrum disorder refers to a wide range of symptoms and levels of severity.
A study published in the journal Nature Microbiology after analyzing more than 1,600 stool samples from children aged 1 to 13 showed distinct biological markers in the samples of children with autism.
Qi Su, a researcher at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and lead author of the study, said: “The unique effects of gut bacteria, fungi, viruses and others could one day be the basis of a diagnostic tool for autism. ”
"This tool could help professionals diagnose autism early, giving children access to more effective treatments at a younger age."
For decades, researchers have looked at genes and medical history alongside brain scans to find a reliable predictor of autism, but the research has had limited success.
Over the past 15 years, some researchers have begun to investigate whether stool, which is a window into the trillions of fungi, bacteria and viruses that live in the gut, might provide a clearer answer to autism.
The study, published in the journal Nature Microbiology, described that "researchers are now accepting the idea that the gut could be an essential tool for detecting autism."
However, more research is needed to convince skeptical scientists that these biomarkers are valid indicators of autism.
Skeptics of the study ’ s findings argue for facts that show exactly how the gut microbiome is linked to autism and whether it plays a significant role in causing it.
We presented to you our esteemed visitors the most important details of the news of a new study on autism..
What did you reveal?
On the Gulf Dot in this article and we hope that we have provided you with all the details clearly and more credibility and transparency and if you want to follow more of our news you can subscribe with us for free through our system alerts on your browser or by joining the mailing list and we see to provide you with all that is new.
We also have to remind you that this content is already published on the conference site Net and may have been the editorial team in Dot AlKhaleej to confirm or modify it or quote it or may have been transferred in full and you can read and follow the updates of this news from its main source.
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For the damage that may lead the individual to death, some found in them an escape from the worries and burdens of life, although the price they will pay for this is high.

Title:

Content: New superhuman brains.
About drugs that make you smarter and more miserable!
Entrepreneur and programmer Dave Asbury ’ s mornings may not seem different at first glance than anyone else ’ s.
Dave wakes up and takes his young children to school, then comes home and makes himself a breakfast of coffee and butter.
Then, he walks into his office, reaches out to a corner, pulls several capsules out of boxes that look like medicine, and then starts working.
[1] Here it is.
Everything is normal, until we discover that the capsules he takes are not really drugs, but drugs.
Dave ’ s use of these drugs cannot be considered strange: throughout human history, before civilizations even existed, drugs accompanied humans.
For the damage that may lead the individual to death, some found in them an escape from the worries and burdens of life, although the price they will pay for this is high.
What is really strange is that what Dave, and many others, want from taking a certain type of drug is the complete opposite of all this; he doesn ’ t want to get away with it every morning; he wants to indulge more in it and manipulate it to his advantage; he wants to become smarter, more productive, richer.
Dave ’ s drugs are neither weed nor opioid, nor are they similar to any other familiar drug, Dave taking nootropics, or “smart ” drugs.
The chemist C.C. didn't have a clue.
Giragia Yuma said that the word he invented as the name for the drug Pristam, which he installed in his laboratory one day in 1964, would become so popular 60 years later.
The name of this compound came from the combination of the Greek words "nos", which means brain, and "tropin", which means "me," and created in his laboratory the first drug that he hopes will succeed in bending the brain of those who use it.
[2] Like any medicine.
Another, Gergea designed the prestam as a treatment, and he hoped it would help patients with brain and cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer ’ s in the elderly and speech disorders in children.
But most Nutrobix users now are often completely healthy individuals with no brain abnormality, and do not aim to cure themselves of a disease.
[3]
Smart drug users are also different from any other type of drug users: they are not marginalized groups or young Magna people who dose drugs in dark dens or raucous parties; nootropics are some of the world ’ s finest college students and some of the brightest tech minds in Silicon Valley, the tech heartland of San Francisco.
By taking drugs that are mostly made for people with cognitive disorders as a result of mental illness, these brilliant students and programmers want to enhance their ability to learn, focus and think creatively to become smarter, which seems to be happening under the influence of these drugs.
Phoebe, a history student at a prestigious university in England, describes the impact of nootropics on her in an interview with The Guardian: “These drugs help you work, so you can study longer without distractions.
You feel like going to the library on your own, and you don ’ t even want to take a lunch break.
You look at the clock and it ’ s 7: 00 p.m., but you can still keep going. ”
Johnny, a student at the same university, describes his first experience with drugs: "I had a strange feeling, I remember sitting in the exam and thinking, 'This is terrible!
Oh, my God!
I feel as if I ’ m going to lose consciousness, ” but at the same time I could remember everything, whole paragraphs remembered word for word.
That was great. "[4]
It all sounds really cool, taking a few pills in the morning gives you an incredible ability to work and think.
But, as anyone who has ever taken a drug knows, every drug has side effects that range in severity, from mild things like a headache to symptoms as severe as the disease for which you took it, and additional drugs have to be taken to treat it.
So what are the side effects of entropy?
There aren ’ t enough studies to answer this question, but many people ’ s long-term experience with Nutrobox has never been promising.
Writer and journalist Kate Miller tells her story with those drugs that she started taking after a student in her final year of university, continuing with her after entering her career.
At first, everything seemed great, she found that she could concentrate for long hours and work tirelessly until late at night, and with all this, she was able to maintain a good social life.
But not long after, the ugly face of Nootropics revealed itself to her: Kate became an addict.
In her New York Times article, Kate recounts what she went through: “I was fooling myself when I thought I could stay balanced while taking these drugs, when I thought the benefits outweighed the harm.
I started to increase the doses I was taking, and then, I found myself spending long nights flipping over in bed and falling asleep, my mind racing and my heart beating violently.
When I woke up the next morning, the first thing I did was reach out to take the pills again.
My body started getting used to these drugs, and then I lost their effect, so I started to increase the dose.
I would take it if I found myself yawning after I turned off the alarm.
I turned into a wreck, always angry and lost my ability to connect with the world. ”
Kate reached the point where she found her life was falling apart on all levels, and here came her decision to stop taking those drugs once and for all.
But what no one has told her is that stopping itself will be difficult, as nitrobix, like other drugs, leaves its users at the beginning of quitting defenseless in front of a barrage of painful withdrawal symptoms.
“I found myself sleeping during meetings and I couldn ’ t finish my work before the deadline.
I also began to feel very hungry and began to eat heavily.
This disorder left me with a very fragile and sensitive brain chemistry, and my weight gain and late work only made matters worse.
It was hard for me to understand at the time that what I was going through was withdrawal symptoms; no one had warned me about the side effects of these drugs. ”
Phoebe and Jonny, students who had been helped by Nootropics during the exam period, soon noticed the bad effect on them; Phoebe began to feel severe pain in her stomach, and Jimmy felt that he was becoming too dependent on her for everything, and he ate it every morning without really needing it.
Fortunately, before they went through Kate ’ s bad experience, the Taliban gave up Nutropics altogether.
Even Dave Asbury, an entrepreneur who takes huge amounts of nootropics every morning and founded a company that makes coffee mixed with the drugs, has developed a severe allergy to certain foods that he has been eating normally throughout his life.
In a paper in the journal Clinical Neuroscience, researchers Farid Taleh and Jane Aglotti found that many Nutrobix drugs cause side effects ranging in severity from diarrhea, headaches, dizziness and insomnia, to memory loss, identity disorders and motor system deficiencies.
The research also included a case study of four individuals between the ages of 17 and 28 who were taken to the hospital emergency room after a nervous breakdown. [6] Here, we find ourselves faced with a more important question: Why would people with high levels of intelligence resort to drugs that may add to their intelligence even deeper, but they may also have side effects that no one knows are serious?
[7]
Tim Farris, an entrepreneur and renowned author of human development books, has no real qualms about the long-term side effects of nootropics.
Speaking to CNN, after he started talking about the amount of pressure entrepreneurs are under today, he concluded: “Just like an Olympian who is willing to do anything, even if he reduces his age to five years, to win a gold medal, you ’ ll think about any drugs you take to become smarter. ”
[8]
Jeff Wu, a software engineer who set up a company that specializes in manufacturing nootropics, goes on to say, “Creativity and high mental performance are the only ways you can succeed in Silicon Valley.
I liken tech and finance to professional athletes, so the only way for your team, product or project to be successful is to have a comparative advantage over competitors. ”
It ’ s not just the tech industry, Wu adds: “To become smarter and more productive is to meet modern day standards of success. ”
If some people seem willing to swallow poorly researched drugs without suffering from a real disease just to increase their ability to produce something strange, you ’ ve never heard of the term and the practices that these drugs and many other strange practices include: body hacking, or “biohacking. ”
As a programmer or engineer might look at a computer looking for ways to develop it, biohackers are trying through methods that vary in extremes, from intermittent fasting to injecting themselves with stem cells, to make their bodies and brains better, stronger, healthier.
At first glance, this may not seem like a bad thing, so who wouldn ’ t want to be the best possible version of themselves?
But what ’ s interesting about this is that their desire to develop their bodies and brains stops at the point where these bodies and brains are more productive, and does not go beyond them to other areas of life, where none of the body hackers, for example, thought about creating a drug that by taking it more willing to help others in their distress.
Faced with the large number of people who are willing to take Nutropics to increase their production capacity, neuroscientist Anders Sandberg found in a study that only 9% of people are willing to take a drug that makes them more empathetic or kinder.
This increased use of nootropics and the willingness to manipulate the very composition of the body in order to increase production is itself a symptom of a civilizational disease that envelops our world today: the obsession with success at any cost.
The Guardian ’ s Carol Gadwallar says of this: “In the 1960s, sedatives were known as the little helper of mothers.
Today, however, Futropics is a small aid to capitalism.
“It ’ s just another symptom of a world dominated by competition where everyone is looking for a comparative advantage that puts them above others. ”
[10] Neuroscientist Anjan Chatterjee says: "Today, from the moment of their birth until their death, people only know about running in a rat race.
We are overwhelmed by the feeling that there are a limited number of prizes on the horizon and that everyone is competing for them.
It ’ s hard and you ’ re willing to do anything to win. ”
[11]
In this world governed by machines and numbers, we are also expected to become machines: machines that wake up in the morning and work tirelessly until evening falls, and everything is ultimately governed by numbers.
How successful you are depends on how much you produce each day, which at the end of the month will translate into how much you make.
Your salary or wealth is no longer just a means to provide you with a decent life, but has become a kind of obsession, everyone wants to be successful in a modern culture that values only material values, and defies those who fail the test of making money.
In such a culture, it is not surprising to find people willing to swallow drugs with unknown side effects in order to be better.
Isn ’ t that, in one way or another, what modern culture imposes on us all today, working to burn and losing some of life ’ s simplest pleasures just to live properly and escape the stigma of failure?
The question remains: Is there then a relentless pursuit of success, what kind of happiness?
Or is the summit nothing more than a glittering image of something really empty and cold and lonely?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Sources:
1.
I ’ m The Guy Who Created Bulletproof Coffee – This Is My Morning Routine
2.
Nootropic
3.
Under pressure, Silicon Valley workers turn to LSD microdosing
4.
Students used to take drugs to get high.
Now they take them to get higher grades
5.
The Last All-Nighter
6.
Probable Nootropicinduced Psychiatric Adverse Effects: A Series of Four Cases
7.
My smart drugs nightmare
8. smart drugs: what silicon valley is on
9.
Under Pressure: Silicon Valley workers turn to lsd
10.
Students used to take drugs to get high.
Now they take them to get higher grades
11.
Under Pressure: Silicon Valley workers turn to lsd
Source: The Island
About this story
“Narcissism ” is a widespread term, often misused to describe anyone who abuses us.
But in fact, a little bit of narcissism will do you good -- this report looks at the evolution of the concept of narcissism over the past decades.
6 / 10 / 2017
More Article
Most Read

But, as anyone who has ever taken a drug knows, every drug has side effects that range in severity, from mild things like a headache to symptoms as severe as the disease for which you took it, and additional drugs have to be taken to treat it.

My body started getting used to these drugs, and then I lost their effect, so I started to increase the dose.

I would take it if I found myself yawning after I turned off the alarm.

I turned into a wreck, always angry and lost my ability to connect with the world.

What are the risks and dangers of combining the keto diet and intermittent fasting?

Kate reached the point where she found her life was falling apart on all levels, and here came her decision to stop taking those drugs once and for all.

It was hard for me to understand at the time that what I was going through was withdrawal symptoms; no one had warned me about the side effects of these drugs.

Phoebe and Jonny, students who had been helped by Nootropics during the exam period, soon noticed the bad effect on them; Phoebe began to feel severe pain in her stomach, and Jimmy felt that he was becoming too dependent on her for everything, and he ate it every morning without really needing it.

To become smarter and more productive is to meet modern day standards of success.

At first glance, this may not seem like a bad thing, so who wouldn’t want to be the best possible version of themselves?

---

**These sentences are particularly relevant as they:**
- Highlight the drive for self-optimization, productivity, and success that motivates biohacking behaviors.

- Illustrate the risk-benefit dilemma, especially with drug/supplement use (nootropics) for cognitive improvement.

- Reference physical and psychological dangers (side effects, dependence, tolerance, withdrawal).

What are the risks and dangers of combining the keto diet and intermittent fasting?

- Show that people often escalate interventions (higher doses, more intense practices) when initial effects diminish.

- Note the lack of warning and preparation for adverse effects among users.

**Scientific support or skepticism is implied in the discussion of side effects, withdrawal, and lack of understanding—suggesting that not all biohacking methods are backed by solid clinical evidence, and some have real risks.

**

---

> These sentences summarize major concerns about popular biohacking techniques such as nootropic use: while some seek greater performance and well-being, they also face physical and mental health risks and may lack robust scientific backing.

Here are the key sentences related to your information request, extracted and focused on biohacking, health optimization, self-experimentation, and the importance of scientific evidence:

---

- Biohacking encompasses a range of self-optimization methods such as extreme dietary modifications (intermittent fasting, gluten-free, dairy-free, keto, and Bulletproof diet), high-intensity exercise routines, ice baths, and supplementation, often targeting "inflammation reduction" and "gut optimization".

Title:

Content: HKU Recruits “Sleepwalker ”! 7 Days of Housing to Earn $1200! 3 Conditions for Application
Author: The Blue Mechanical Cat
Published: Updated:
After recruiting regular stool donors, the Sleep, Self-Adjustment and Health Research Laboratory of the Department of Psychology of the University of Hong Kong is recruiting people to participate in sleep and diet research for 7 days.
Uncle's Love Story.
Dr Albert Chan, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, is conducting a study on how loss and recovery of part of sleep affects habitual control of food motor behaviour to investigate whether partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and sleep recovery affect eating habits.
CUHK Donates Dung 2023 ｜ Donate Dung 3 times a week to earn $7,000 with 6 conditions and methods
If you can ’ t stand it and want to sign up as a research subject, then you have to see if you meet the following three criteria:
1.25-45 years old
Usually sleep between 10: 00PM and 8: 00AM for 7-9 hours per night
3. Complete a series of surveys in approximately 30 minutes and meet other eligibility criteria in the screening questionnaire
(Instagram screenshot @ Keung _ Show)
If you meet the initial screening criteria, then congratulations, you will be invited to participate in the 7-day follow-up screening process, you will need to wear an activity recorder and fill in a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days.
The entire study will be divided into two parts.
In the first part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of partial sleep deprivation and 2 consecutive days of sleep recovery at home, while in the second part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of normal sleep procedures at home.
Throughout the study, participants will visit the laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to complete questionnaires and conduct computer experiments. In addition, participants can carry out other activities as usual.
If the results at the screening stage show that you are eligible to participate in the study, the next step of screening will be possible.
After participating in the second round of screening, you will receive up to HK $1200 as a thank you if the results show that you are eligible to participate in the research.
If you are interested in a related research project, participants will also have the opportunity to participate in future research after the experiment is completed.
According to SLASH Lab HKU, participants will not have any direct risk or adverse consequences for their participation in this research project. SLASH Lab HKU also ensures that the risk of this experiment will not be greater than the risk that they encounter in their daily lives.
If you are interested in participating in this study, you can find the corresponding questionnaire on SLASH Lab HKU ’ s FaceBook page, answer the simple questions and fill in the information. They will inform the participants by email whether they are suitable for participating.

- Popular nutrition methods among biohacking enthusiasts include intermittent fasting, ketogenic diets, gluten- and dairy-free protocols, and specialized diets like the Bulletproof diet, all claiming to boost energy or mental focus and reduce inflammation.

Title:

Content: HKU Recruits “Sleepwalker ”! 7 Days of Housing to Earn $1200! 3 Conditions for Application
Author: The Blue Mechanical Cat
Published: Updated:
After recruiting regular stool donors, the Sleep, Self-Adjustment and Health Research Laboratory of the Department of Psychology of the University of Hong Kong is recruiting people to participate in sleep and diet research for 7 days.
Uncle's Love Story.
Dr Albert Chan, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, is conducting a study on how loss and recovery of part of sleep affects habitual control of food motor behaviour to investigate whether partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and sleep recovery affect eating habits.
CUHK Donates Dung 2023 ｜ Donate Dung 3 times a week to earn $7,000 with 6 conditions and methods
If you can ’ t stand it and want to sign up as a research subject, then you have to see if you meet the following three criteria:
1.25-45 years old
Usually sleep between 10: 00PM and 8: 00AM for 7-9 hours per night
3. Complete a series of surveys in approximately 30 minutes and meet other eligibility criteria in the screening questionnaire
(Instagram screenshot @ Keung _ Show)
If you meet the initial screening criteria, then congratulations, you will be invited to participate in the 7-day follow-up screening process, you will need to wear an activity recorder and fill in a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days.
The entire study will be divided into two parts.
In the first part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of partial sleep deprivation and 2 consecutive days of sleep recovery at home, while in the second part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of normal sleep procedures at home.
Throughout the study, participants will visit the laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to complete questionnaires and conduct computer experiments. In addition, participants can carry out other activities as usual.
If the results at the screening stage show that you are eligible to participate in the study, the next step of screening will be possible.
After participating in the second round of screening, you will receive up to HK $1200 as a thank you if the results show that you are eligible to participate in the research.
If you are interested in a related research project, participants will also have the opportunity to participate in future research after the experiment is completed.
According to SLASH Lab HKU, participants will not have any direct risk or adverse consequences for their participation in this research project. SLASH Lab HKU also ensures that the risk of this experiment will not be greater than the risk that they encounter in their daily lives.
If you are interested in participating in this study, you can find the corresponding questionnaire on SLASH Lab HKU ’ s FaceBook page, answer the simple questions and fill in the information. They will inform the participants by email whether they are suitable for participating.

- Supplement intake is common in biohacking, with individuals consuming large quantities of vitamins, minerals, nootropics, probiotics, and other compounds aimed at improving cognitive function, immunity, and gut health.

Title:

Content: HKU Recruits “Sleepwalker ”! 7 Days of Housing to Earn $1200! 3 Conditions for Application
Author: The Blue Mechanical Cat
Published: Updated:
After recruiting regular stool donors, the Sleep, Self-Adjustment and Health Research Laboratory of the Department of Psychology of the University of Hong Kong is recruiting people to participate in sleep and diet research for 7 days.
Uncle's Love Story.
Dr Albert Chan, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, is conducting a study on how loss and recovery of part of sleep affects habitual control of food motor behaviour to investigate whether partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and sleep recovery affect eating habits.
CUHK Donates Dung 2023 ｜ Donate Dung 3 times a week to earn $7,000 with 6 conditions and methods
If you can ’ t stand it and want to sign up as a research subject, then you have to see if you meet the following three criteria:
1.25-45 years old
Usually sleep between 10: 00PM and 8: 00AM for 7-9 hours per night
3. Complete a series of surveys in approximately 30 minutes and meet other eligibility criteria in the screening questionnaire
(Instagram screenshot @ Keung _ Show)
If you meet the initial screening criteria, then congratulations, you will be invited to participate in the 7-day follow-up screening process, you will need to wear an activity recorder and fill in a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days.
The entire study will be divided into two parts.
In the first part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of partial sleep deprivation and 2 consecutive days of sleep recovery at home, while in the second part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of normal sleep procedures at home.
Throughout the study, participants will visit the laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to complete questionnaires and conduct computer experiments. In addition, participants can carry out other activities as usual.
If the results at the screening stage show that you are eligible to participate in the study, the next step of screening will be possible.
After participating in the second round of screening, you will receive up to HK $1200 as a thank you if the results show that you are eligible to participate in the research.
If you are interested in a related research project, participants will also have the opportunity to participate in future research after the experiment is completed.
According to SLASH Lab HKU, participants will not have any direct risk or adverse consequences for their participation in this research project. SLASH Lab HKU also ensures that the risk of this experiment will not be greater than the risk that they encounter in their daily lives.
If you are interested in participating in this study, you can find the corresponding questionnaire on SLASH Lab HKU ’ s FaceBook page, answer the simple questions and fill in the information. They will inform the participants by email whether they are suitable for participating.

- Other biohacking approaches include routine and specialized medical screenings (genetic tests, microbiome analysis, continuous glucose monitoring) for early disease detection or optimization.

Title:

Content: HKU Recruits “Sleepwalker ”! 7 Days of Housing to Earn $1200! 3 Conditions for Application
Author: The Blue Mechanical Cat
Published: Updated:
After recruiting regular stool donors, the Sleep, Self-Adjustment and Health Research Laboratory of the Department of Psychology of the University of Hong Kong is recruiting people to participate in sleep and diet research for 7 days.
Uncle's Love Story.
Dr Albert Chan, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, is conducting a study on how loss and recovery of part of sleep affects habitual control of food motor behaviour to investigate whether partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and sleep recovery affect eating habits.
CUHK Donates Dung 2023 ｜ Donate Dung 3 times a week to earn $7,000 with 6 conditions and methods
If you can ’ t stand it and want to sign up as a research subject, then you have to see if you meet the following three criteria:
1.25-45 years old
Usually sleep between 10: 00PM and 8: 00AM for 7-9 hours per night
3. Complete a series of surveys in approximately 30 minutes and meet other eligibility criteria in the screening questionnaire
(Instagram screenshot @ Keung _ Show)
If you meet the initial screening criteria, then congratulations, you will be invited to participate in the 7-day follow-up screening process, you will need to wear an activity recorder and fill in a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days.
The entire study will be divided into two parts.
In the first part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of partial sleep deprivation and 2 consecutive days of sleep recovery at home, while in the second part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of normal sleep procedures at home.
Throughout the study, participants will visit the laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to complete questionnaires and conduct computer experiments. In addition, participants can carry out other activities as usual.
If the results at the screening stage show that you are eligible to participate in the study, the next step of screening will be possible.
After participating in the second round of screening, you will receive up to HK $1200 as a thank you if the results show that you are eligible to participate in the research.
If you are interested in a related research project, participants will also have the opportunity to participate in future research after the experiment is completed.
According to SLASH Lab HKU, participants will not have any direct risk or adverse consequences for their participation in this research project. SLASH Lab HKU also ensures that the risk of this experiment will not be greater than the risk that they encounter in their daily lives.
If you are interested in participating in this study, you can find the corresponding questionnaire on SLASH Lab HKU ’ s FaceBook page, answer the simple questions and fill in the information. They will inform the participants by email whether they are suitable for participating.

- Mental health techniques in biohacking communities include meditation, mindfulness, neurofeedback, sleep tracking, and sometimes extreme practices such as extended fasting or forced sleep deprivation.

Title:

Content: HKU Recruits “Sleepwalker ”! 7 Days of Housing to Earn $1200! 3 Conditions for Application
Author: The Blue Mechanical Cat
Published: Updated:
After recruiting regular stool donors, the Sleep, Self-Adjustment and Health Research Laboratory of the Department of Psychology of the University of Hong Kong is recruiting people to participate in sleep and diet research for 7 days.
Uncle's Love Story.
Dr Albert Chan, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, is conducting a study on how loss and recovery of part of sleep affects habitual control of food motor behaviour to investigate whether partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and sleep recovery affect eating habits.
CUHK Donates Dung 2023 ｜ Donate Dung 3 times a week to earn $7,000 with 6 conditions and methods
If you can ’ t stand it and want to sign up as a research subject, then you have to see if you meet the following three criteria:
1.25-45 years old
Usually sleep between 10: 00PM and 8: 00AM for 7-9 hours per night
3. Complete a series of surveys in approximately 30 minutes and meet other eligibility criteria in the screening questionnaire
(Instagram screenshot @ Keung _ Show)
If you meet the initial screening criteria, then congratulations, you will be invited to participate in the 7-day follow-up screening process, you will need to wear an activity recorder and fill in a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days.
The entire study will be divided into two parts.
In the first part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of partial sleep deprivation and 2 consecutive days of sleep recovery at home, while in the second part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of normal sleep procedures at home.
Throughout the study, participants will visit the laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to complete questionnaires and conduct computer experiments. In addition, participants can carry out other activities as usual.
If the results at the screening stage show that you are eligible to participate in the study, the next step of screening will be possible.
After participating in the second round of screening, you will receive up to HK $1200 as a thank you if the results show that you are eligible to participate in the research.
If you are interested in a related research project, participants will also have the opportunity to participate in future research after the experiment is completed.
According to SLASH Lab HKU, participants will not have any direct risk or adverse consequences for their participation in this research project. SLASH Lab HKU also ensures that the risk of this experiment will not be greater than the risk that they encounter in their daily lives.
If you are interested in participating in this study, you can find the corresponding questionnaire on SLASH Lab HKU ’ s FaceBook page, answer the simple questions and fill in the information. They will inform the participants by email whether they are suitable for participating.

- Many aspects of biohacking lack strong support from clinical research; while some techniques (e.g., moderate exercise, adequate sleep, certain dietary patterns) are backed by good scientific evidence, others (unregulated supplements, extreme diets, continual self-tracking, and unsupervised interventions) may pose health risks or are not proven to be beneficial.

Title:

Content: HKU Recruits “Sleepwalker ”! 7 Days of Housing to Earn $1200! 3 Conditions for Application
Author: The Blue Mechanical Cat
Published: Updated:
After recruiting regular stool donors, the Sleep, Self-Adjustment and Health Research Laboratory of the Department of Psychology of the University of Hong Kong is recruiting people to participate in sleep and diet research for 7 days.
Uncle's Love Story.
Dr Albert Chan, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, is conducting a study on how loss and recovery of part of sleep affects habitual control of food motor behaviour to investigate whether partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and sleep recovery affect eating habits.
CUHK Donates Dung 2023 ｜ Donate Dung 3 times a week to earn $7,000 with 6 conditions and methods
If you can ’ t stand it and want to sign up as a research subject, then you have to see if you meet the following three criteria:
1.25-45 years old
Usually sleep between 10: 00PM and 8: 00AM for 7-9 hours per night
3. Complete a series of surveys in approximately 30 minutes and meet other eligibility criteria in the screening questionnaire
(Instagram screenshot @ Keung _ Show)
If you meet the initial screening criteria, then congratulations, you will be invited to participate in the 7-day follow-up screening process, you will need to wear an activity recorder and fill in a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days.
The entire study will be divided into two parts.
In the first part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of partial sleep deprivation and 2 consecutive days of sleep recovery at home, while in the second part, participants will undergo 3 consecutive days of normal sleep procedures at home.
Throughout the study, participants will visit the laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to complete questionnaires and conduct computer experiments. In addition, participants can carry out other activities as usual.
If the results at the screening stage show that you are eligible to participate in the study, the next step of screening will be possible.
After participating in the second round of screening, you will receive up to HK $1200 as a thank you if the results show that you are eligible to participate in the research.
If you are interested in a related research project, participants will also have the opportunity to participate in future research after the experiment is completed.
According to SLASH Lab HKU, participants will not have any direct risk or adverse consequences for their participation in this research project. SLASH Lab HKU also ensures that the risk of this experiment will not be greater than the risk that they encounter in their daily lives.
If you are interested in participating in this study, you can find the corresponding questionnaire on SLASH Lab HKU ’ s FaceBook page, answer the simple questions and fill in the information. They will inform the participants by email whether they are suitable for participating.