Traditional glassblowing in Syria dates back more than two thousand years and is traced to the Phoenicians.

Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province has been historically famous for skilled glassblowing craftsmen.

The war severely reduced production and disrupted the craft, but after liberation some artisans returned and revived glassblowing in liberated areas.

Artisans such as Yassin Arab and Hussein Najjar learned the craft in family settings and resumed work using recycled glass melted in ovens, hand-blown and shaped into hookah bottles, vases, plates, jugs and decorative items.

Traditional glassblowers use manual blowing techniques to form and decorate a wide range of shapes, often taught within families across generations.

UNESCO inscribed Syrian traditional glassblowing on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding in December 2023.

The UNESCO listing reflects concern about the craft’s endangered status and the need for urgent preservation.

Across Syria traditional crafts have suffered major decline since the war, with production drops, closed workshops, migration of craftsmen and a real threat of disappearance.

The provided documents do not give an accurate current number of craftsmen practicing traditional glassblowing.

Reasons for UNESCO’s urgent safeguarding include the craft’s ancient origins, wartime damage and displacement, economic hardship, and the resulting risk that practitioners may disappear.

Local exhibitions, museum programs and craft fairs help promote and revive glassblowing and other heritage crafts.

In summary, Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft now revived in limited pockets, inscribed by UNESCO in December 2023 as needing urgent safeguarding, and faces severe decline and unclear practitioner numbers due to war and economic pressures.

Traditional glassblowing in Syria dates back more than two thousand years and is traced to the Phoenicians.

Title:

Content: Art of glassblowing returns again in Aleppo countryside liberated from terrorism

The town of Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province in northern Syria has historically been famous for its skilled glassblowing craftsmen. The war considerably affected this traditional craft inherited from our ancestors, but after the liberation of the city from terrorism, some artisans have brought it back to life. The artisan, Yassin Arab learned the glassblowing craft from his father when he was a child, and after the town was liberated from terrorism, he returned to his small facility, where he worked to restore it and start working again. Arab does not hide his enormous passion for the craft of glassblowing and his belief in the need to preserve this ancient Syrian heritage. Regarding the working mechanism, the artisan explained to SANA that he uses recycled glass, melts it again in the oven at high temperature, and then chooses a specific shape for its manufacture, whether hookah bottles, vases, plates, small jugs, fish houses for decoration, decorated cups and antiques of different sizes. After that, t he piece is blown, rotated and processed by the artisan until it takes its final shape using white and brown colors, and once the manufacturing of the product is finished, it is decorated and colored to give it the required aesthetics. For his part, Hussein Najjar noted that he learned the craft of blowing glass manually since he was young and has been working in this field for 40 years. He added that he is able to make any shape or glass container, using his imagination, and considered that the art of glassblowing is one of the types of plastic arts. Traditional glassblowing is a profession that dates back more than two thousand years (since the time of the Phoenicians) and was included in December 2023 by UNESCO on the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity that needs urgent preservation. Source: Syrian Arab News Agency

Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province has been historically famous for skilled glassblowing craftsmen.

The war severely reduced production and disrupted the craft, but after liberation some artisans returned and revived glassblowing in liberated areas.

Artisans such as Yassin Arab and Hussein Najjar learned the craft in family settings and resumed work using recycled glass melted in ovens, hand-blown and shaped into hookah bottles, vases, plates, jugs and decorative items.

Traditional glassblowers use manual blowing techniques to form and decorate a wide range of shapes, often taught within families across generations.

Title:

Content: What is the reality of traditional and traditional professions in Syria?
DAMASCUS – The traditional professions and crafts in Syria were not immune to the repercussions of the war. In light of the difficult economic and security conditions that the country has been witnessing for more than a decade, these professions are suffering from an unprecedented decline related to production and market conditions, which makes them today threatened with extinction.
The head of the Union of Craftsmen in the province of Latakia Jihad Pro, in a recent statement to the local newspaper Al-Watan, the decline of the production of handicrafts and handicrafts of various kinds by 50% within the province, considering the high costs of production inputs and increased income taxes as direct reasons for this decline.
Bassam Qalaji, head of the artisanal association for confectionery in Damascus, told the local newspaper Global last month that more than half of the confectionery craftsmen had stopped producing and switched to other professions due to low demand and insufficient profits.
Successive statements reveal the reality of Syrian traditional and traditional crafts, which are suffering under the weight of the economic decline that the country is suffering from.
This situation has prompted thousands of craftsmen to close their workshops and shops and switch to other jobs, or migrate and move their work abroad, amid the real threat of the disappearance of many traditional traditional traditional professions and handicrafts, which constitute vital sectors of the economic sector in the country and an integral part of its cultural identity.
What are the main reasons for this decline?
How does it affect the economic life of the country?
Lack of support and unequal competition
Anton, a 42-year-old Damascene craftsman and former owner of a mosaic workshop in rural Damascus, says his struggle for years to keep his workshop open, producing and selling enough to pay its workers has been futile.
He adds in an interview with Al Jazeera Net: "I tried hard to maintain the workshop and its workers for as long as possible, but the constant high prices of wood (local and imported) in an inappropriate manner, the long interruption of electricity (16-18 hours a day), and the low demand for mosaic in the domestic and foreign market, all factors forced me to lay off workers, and later to close the workshop after months, during which I received only two orders."
In addition to these factors, Anton attributed the low demand for "original" mosaics and other handicrafts and heritage artifacts (copperware, damask, antika, textiles) to:
The reality of the market at the moment in the absence of tourists.
• The decline of external demand for the commodity as a result of the interruption of trade relations with foreign markets.
• Migration of brokers and traders and thus reduced export.
• Unequal competition.
With heritage products becoming “more than luxury ” for Syrians suffering from poor purchasing power (average monthly salaries of about $20), and the lack of support for craftsmen and awareness of the importance and authenticity of these products by trade unions and government agencies, Syria ’ s craftsmen face major challenges to continue their craft.
Although there are no accurate figures on the number of craftsmen who have been driven by working conditions to emigrate outside the country, the head of the Damascus Craftsmen ’ s Union, Ali Qarmashti, revealed in an interview with the local news website Click News last year that the percentage of Damascene craftsmen migrating has become very high, especially among young people.
Repellent economic and social policies
In addition to the direct economic factors that led to the decline of traditional crafts during the past few years, represented by the high prices of raw materials, the poor reality of services, and the decline of the sale and purchase movement, there were indirect factors that affected these crafts.
Syrian economist Younis Karim believes that the artisan crisis began in 2008 after being subjected to great pressures due to the change of the general economic orientation in the country.
He said in an interview with Al Jazeera Net: "Since 2008, the authorities have put their hands on the spread of these industries due to the importance of their geographical location, and work to change their features in favor of wealthy investors, or provide them as donations to countries that Damascus seeks to establish bilateral relations with."
According to the expert, the reality of the work of traditional crafts after 2011 became more complex and difficult with "the continued adoption of economic and social policies by the regime that restrict the owners of these crafts, exclude them from support, take their places of deployment, in addition to the cessation of exhibitions and the difficulty of participating in external events because of the political positions of the regime.
Karim explains that the family and social disintegration suffered by Syrians as a result of large-scale migration during the last decade was an added reason for the decline of these crafts, which “relied on inheritance between generations of the same family as a tradition followed by Syrian craftsmen long ago. ”
Kilo to Piece and Pieces
It seems that some traditional crafts and crafts are in the same trench with traditional crafts in their war against extinction, where the owners of many traditional crafts are no less original than those of heritage, especially the confectioners from the high costs of raw materials in production, high costs of energy stands, and successive losses due to the reluctance of citizens to buy expensive Arabic sweets.
Suhaib, 55, owner of a sweets shop in the Jazmatiya area of Damascus, told Al Jazeera Net: "Days pass without selling a total of a kilo of various items, and two years ago the stagnation of goods in the shop became a familiar phenomenon to us, and had it not been for the holiday seasons, and some occasions and weddings held here and there, we would have closed long ago."
Al-Halwani Al-Damascene adds in an interview with Al-Jazeera Net: "Our profits, and the profits of most of the shops of Halwanis in Damascus, have decreased by a large percentage since the beginning of the economic crisis in the country."
Al-Halwani pointed out that the price of a kilo of some varieties of Arabic sweets has exceeded 400 thousand pounds recently, adding: "Which is not able for Syrians to buy, so we have become selling methods in which we rely on small quantities, so we sell baklava, crystal, shaped, asian, brominated and other items in ounces, grain (piece) and two grains to keep the sales movement, and do not stop customers from our shop."
As for the reasons why sweets in Damascus stopped working and many of them emigrated outside the country, Al-Halwani said: “Many reasons start from the large annual taxes that are inconsistent with high operating costs and low profits, in addition to the high prices of commercial electricity and fuel needed to operate shops and laboratories, the huge increase in the prices of raw materials, the high wages of workers, and the reluctance of customers to buy these sweets except on occasions. ”
High prices
Prices of food, nuts and other components of Arabic sweets have risen by varying rates recently, as the price of a kilo of animal margarine reached 150 thousand pounds ($equivalent to about 2511 pounds), while the price of a kilo of pistachio love rose to 300 thousand, and the price of a kilo of walnuts to 120 thousand.
The prices of popular sweets such as Al-Barazek and Al-Ma ’ amoul in Damascus markets, by the holy month of Ramadan, were between 100 and 130 thousand pounds per kilo, while the prices of medium and luxury sweets such as “Al-Belouria ”,“ Al-Mashkeel ”, “Kool and Shakour ”,“ Aish Al-Bulbul ” and “Baklava ” ranged between 250 and 500 thousand per kilo, which is equivalent to the salary of a Syrian employee in the public sector.
The head of the artisanal association for confectionery industry, Bassam Qalaji, attributed this rise in confectionery prices to the government lifting subsidies on oil derivatives, which led to a direct increase in costs by 150%, pointing out that raising the price of electricity by 5 times will lead to an increase in the price of about 650 products.
Qalaji said in a statement to the local newspaper Al-Watan last month that the largest number of confectionery craftsmen emigrated, and their first destination was Algeria followed by Germany.
In March last year, the head of the artisanal association for the confectionery industry revealed that 70% of the workshops of the confectionery industry were closed due to the economic crisis and the low demand for sweets and refreshments.
A severe blow to the economy
This gradual disappearance of traditional crafts is a painful blow to the Syrian economy, says economist Younis Karim, “For decades these crafts have been the largest incubator of Syrian labor, and their contribution to the economy before 2011 ranged from 40 to 50%. ”
This is what Matanios Habib, a researcher and former Syrian oil minister, said in a research paper entitled “The private sector in Syria ” (2005), when he pointed out that the private industrial sector in Syria tended to invest in crafts for fear of nationalization policies, whether during the era of Syrian-Egyptian unity (1958-1961) or after the revolution of March 8 (1967).
Karim stresses that the crisis of workers in traditional crafts, such as confectioners and others, dates back to before 2011, specifically to the period between 2007 and 2009, when there was “an attempt by the regime to pressure the owners of traditional crafts and crafts by forcing them to pay taxes, and to keep them away from city centers in favor of large investors. ”
Younis Karim believes that the gradual demise of these crafts will have negative effects on the Syrian economy because of their role in "providing job opportunities beyond those provided by large laboratories and their excellence in ease of operation and achievement, and the ability to spread.
Source: The Island

UNESCO inscribed Syrian traditional glassblowing on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding in December 2023.

The UNESCO listing reflects concern about the craft’s endangered status and the need for urgent preservation.

Across Syria traditional crafts have suffered major decline since the war, with production drops, closed workshops, migration of craftsmen and a real threat of disappearance.

The provided documents do not give an accurate current number of craftsmen practicing traditional glassblowing.

Reasons for UNESCO’s urgent safeguarding include the craft’s ancient origins, wartime damage and displacement, economic hardship, and the resulting risk that practitioners may disappear.

Local exhibitions, museum programs and craft fairs help promote and revive glassblowing and other heritage crafts.

Title:

Content: Exhibition of craft products by Syrian and Russian artists in the public park in Aleppo
Halab-Sana
On the grounds of the public park in the city of Aleppo, the activities of the exhibition of craft products were launched today, with the participation of 20 craftsmen and artists from Syria and the Russian Federation.
The exhibition, organized by the Ministry of Industry in cooperation with the Russian Cultural Center in Damascus, the Federation of Artisans in Aleppo and the Syrian Professional Center Association, includes a collection of heritage and artistic works, paintings of Ajami thread, ornaments and handicrafts of wool, orphans, leather, rugs, carpets, bamboo and silver industry.
According to the President of the Union of Artisans in Aleppo, Mohammed Hossam Hallak, in a statement to SANA correspondent, the exhibition aims to highlight the traditional handicrafts and crafts and folklore professions to revive them by training the younger generations and mastering their industry to preserve them.
Mustafa al-Nu, President of the Syrian Professional Center Association, pointed out that the association worked to attract professionals and handicrafts, and provided them with financial grants to encourage them to continue their work, to preserve these crafts from extinction, in addition to training young people wishing to learn these crafts and develop them to suit the times.
The Russian artist Yuri Lishin, famous for the manufacture of blowing on glass, talked about his professionalism for more than 54 years, and his participation in many exhibitions in the world, indicating that his visit to Syria to learn about the glass industry, and participate in workshops on the manufacture of hand glass in Syria.
A number of participants noted the importance of the exhibition, which allows for the marketing of their products, where Zakaria Sultan, who works in the craft of silver and peat breaking, explained that he participates with silver and copper products and accessories made by hand in various forms for swimming pools, steadfastness, image cadres and chandeliers, in addition to grafting copper on wood, calling for providing the necessary support to maintain this profession.
The craftsman Ayman Saeed presented the results of the drawing on wood, which is called Ajami art, and stated that he learned to make this art and plant motifs and painting in Arabic calligraphy in the association, and became a trainer contributing to the revival of heritage, and that the exhibition is an important opportunity to market his products.
Artist Tala Naravyan participated in watercolor, oil and other paintings painted with pencils and charcoal, talking about the Armenian and Arab heritage and the neighborhoods of Aleppo and its citadel, pointing out that she participates to introduce people to the components of the rich Syrian heritage through painting because it constitutes the language of the world.
Samira Misto, who works in the craft of making the ancient traditional macrame, using colored threads and ropes to decorate the Koran, mirrors, clothes and jewelry, pointed out that she is working to develop this profession by adding beads and tree trunks to revive and preserve it.
Qusay Razzouk
Follow SANA news on Telegram https: / / t.me / SyrianArabNewsAgency
Look, too.
Aleppo Public Park

Title:

Content: The news tape.
UNESCO National Committee discusses raising awareness of the importance of tangible and intangible heritage
Damascus-Sana
Discussing the activities of the National Committee for Education, Culture and Science, and the need to promote awareness of the importance of tangible and intangible heritage in Syria through schools and external participation, were the most prominent points that the members of the Committee focused on during their meeting today at the Ministry of Education building.
The members of the committee, which includes representatives from relevant ministries and national bodies, stressed the need to develop capacity building programs in the field of tangible and intangible heritage and prepare time-consuming files to include heritage elements on UNESCO regulations, in addition to organizing tours and trips for school students to the Geological Museum in Damascus and cultural museums in all governorates.
The Minister of Education and Chairman of the Committee, Dr. Mohammed Amer Al-Mardini, pointed to the role of the Committee in coordinating between institutions and UNESCO to enable the implementation of projects and plans according to needs, pointing to the importance of working to benefit from expertise and employ them, and cooperation to determine priorities.
During the meeting, the Director General of the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO), Dr. Mohamed Ould Amer, referred in a video speech to Syria ’ s role in supporting joint Arab action in the organization and its efforts to present projects that contribute to enhancing this work by hosting a number of conferences and events in various fields and supporting the organization ’ s programs.
Dr. Ould Amer pointed out the importance of pushing the efforts of the organization in the field of promoting the Arabic language in support of its cultural, educational and scientific mission, noting the impact of Syrian educational and cultural experiences and leaders in the reference visions and the preparation of major plans and programs for them.
For his part, the Secretary of the National Committee for UNESCO, Dr. Nidal Hassan, gave a presentation on the implementation of the plan last year, comparing it with the plan of the current year and the activities and events that were participated in.
Rehab Ali
Follow SANA news on Telegram https: / / t.me / SyrianArabNewsAgency
Look, too.
Focus on tangible heritage and its revitalization at UNESCO National Committee meeting
Damascus, SANA – The need to focus on the material heritage and its revival as the human cultural heritage existing in Syria, and to contribute

In summary, Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient craft now revived in limited pockets, inscribed by UNESCO in December 2023 as needing urgent safeguarding, and faces severe decline and unclear practitioner numbers due to war and economic pressures.


Traditional Syrian glassblowing is an artisanal craft practiced historically in towns such as Urem Al-Kubra in the Aleppo countryside.

The craft dates back more than two thousand years and the context links it to the Phoenicians.

Practitioners use recycled glass melted at high temperature in furnaces and shape pieces by blowing, rotating and processing them until they take their final form.

Common products made by traditional glassblowers include hookah bottles, vases, plates, small jugs, decorative 'fish houses', decorated cups and various antiques.

Artisans color and decorate finished pieces, with the context specifically mentioning the use of white and brown colors.

Several artisans in the context learned the craft from their fathers or since childhood, indicating intergenerational transmission of skills.

The war and related insecurity severely affected traditional glassblowing, causing closures and disruption of workshops.

After liberation of some areas, individual artisans restored small facilities and restarted production of hand-blown glass.

Across Syria many traditional crafts have experienced sharp declines in production, workshop closures, migration of craftsmen and a real threat of disappearance.

The provided context does not give accurate or specific figures for the current number of craftsmen practicing traditional glassblowing in Syria.

UNESCO inscribed Syria's traditional glassblowing on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding in December 2023.

The context indicates that the rationale for urgent safeguarding includes the craft's great age and the threats posed by war, economic hardship, workshop closures and migration that endanger its continuity.

Syrian cultural bodies and national committees emphasize raising awareness, developing capacity-building programs and preparing files to include heritage elements on UNESCO registers.

International exhibitions and museum cooperation have been used to display Syrian artifacts and to strengthen cultural identity and continuity during and after the crisis.

Summary: Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient artisanal craft, recently inscribed by UNESCO in December 2023 as needing urgent safeguarding because it is centuries-old and threatened by war and economic pressures; the provided context contains no precise current numbers of practicing glassblowers.

Traditional Syrian glassblowing is an artisanal craft practiced historically in towns such as Urem Al-Kubra in the Aleppo countryside.

Title:

Content: Art of glassblowing returns again in Aleppo countryside liberated from terrorism

The town of Urem Al-Kubra in Aleppo province in northern Syria has historically been famous for its skilled glassblowing craftsmen. The war considerably affected this traditional craft inherited from our ancestors, but after the liberation of the city from terrorism, some artisans have brought it back to life. The artisan, Yassin Arab learned the glassblowing craft from his father when he was a child, and after the town was liberated from terrorism, he returned to his small facility, where he worked to restore it and start working again. Arab does not hide his enormous passion for the craft of glassblowing and his belief in the need to preserve this ancient Syrian heritage. Regarding the working mechanism, the artisan explained to SANA that he uses recycled glass, melts it again in the oven at high temperature, and then chooses a specific shape for its manufacture, whether hookah bottles, vases, plates, small jugs, fish houses for decoration, decorated cups and antiques of different sizes. After that, t he piece is blown, rotated and processed by the artisan until it takes its final shape using white and brown colors, and once the manufacturing of the product is finished, it is decorated and colored to give it the required aesthetics. For his part, Hussein Najjar noted that he learned the craft of blowing glass manually since he was young and has been working in this field for 40 years. He added that he is able to make any shape or glass container, using his imagination, and considered that the art of glassblowing is one of the types of plastic arts. Traditional glassblowing is a profession that dates back more than two thousand years (since the time of the Phoenicians) and was included in December 2023 by UNESCO on the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity that needs urgent preservation. Source: Syrian Arab News Agency

The craft dates back more than two thousand years and the context links it to the Phoenicians.

Practitioners use recycled glass melted at high temperature in furnaces and shape pieces by blowing, rotating and processing them until they take their final form.

Common products made by traditional glassblowers include hookah bottles, vases, plates, small jugs, decorative 'fish houses', decorated cups and various antiques.

Artisans color and decorate finished pieces, with the context specifically mentioning the use of white and brown colors.

Several artisans in the context learned the craft from their fathers or since childhood, indicating intergenerational transmission of skills.

Title:

Content: What is the reality of traditional and traditional professions in Syria?
DAMASCUS – The traditional professions and crafts in Syria were not immune to the repercussions of the war. In light of the difficult economic and security conditions that the country has been witnessing for more than a decade, these professions are suffering from an unprecedented decline related to production and market conditions, which makes them today threatened with extinction.
The head of the Union of Craftsmen in the province of Latakia Jihad Pro, in a recent statement to the local newspaper Al-Watan, the decline of the production of handicrafts and handicrafts of various kinds by 50% within the province, considering the high costs of production inputs and increased income taxes as direct reasons for this decline.
Bassam Qalaji, head of the artisanal association for confectionery in Damascus, told the local newspaper Global last month that more than half of the confectionery craftsmen had stopped producing and switched to other professions due to low demand and insufficient profits.
Successive statements reveal the reality of Syrian traditional and traditional crafts, which are suffering under the weight of the economic decline that the country is suffering from.
This situation has prompted thousands of craftsmen to close their workshops and shops and switch to other jobs, or migrate and move their work abroad, amid the real threat of the disappearance of many traditional traditional traditional professions and handicrafts, which constitute vital sectors of the economic sector in the country and an integral part of its cultural identity.
What are the main reasons for this decline?
How does it affect the economic life of the country?
Lack of support and unequal competition
Anton, a 42-year-old Damascene craftsman and former owner of a mosaic workshop in rural Damascus, says his struggle for years to keep his workshop open, producing and selling enough to pay its workers has been futile.
He adds in an interview with Al Jazeera Net: "I tried hard to maintain the workshop and its workers for as long as possible, but the constant high prices of wood (local and imported) in an inappropriate manner, the long interruption of electricity (16-18 hours a day), and the low demand for mosaic in the domestic and foreign market, all factors forced me to lay off workers, and later to close the workshop after months, during which I received only two orders."
In addition to these factors, Anton attributed the low demand for "original" mosaics and other handicrafts and heritage artifacts (copperware, damask, antika, textiles) to:
The reality of the market at the moment in the absence of tourists.
• The decline of external demand for the commodity as a result of the interruption of trade relations with foreign markets.
• Migration of brokers and traders and thus reduced export.
• Unequal competition.
With heritage products becoming “more than luxury ” for Syrians suffering from poor purchasing power (average monthly salaries of about $20), and the lack of support for craftsmen and awareness of the importance and authenticity of these products by trade unions and government agencies, Syria ’ s craftsmen face major challenges to continue their craft.
Although there are no accurate figures on the number of craftsmen who have been driven by working conditions to emigrate outside the country, the head of the Damascus Craftsmen ’ s Union, Ali Qarmashti, revealed in an interview with the local news website Click News last year that the percentage of Damascene craftsmen migrating has become very high, especially among young people.
Repellent economic and social policies
In addition to the direct economic factors that led to the decline of traditional crafts during the past few years, represented by the high prices of raw materials, the poor reality of services, and the decline of the sale and purchase movement, there were indirect factors that affected these crafts.
Syrian economist Younis Karim believes that the artisan crisis began in 2008 after being subjected to great pressures due to the change of the general economic orientation in the country.
He said in an interview with Al Jazeera Net: "Since 2008, the authorities have put their hands on the spread of these industries due to the importance of their geographical location, and work to change their features in favor of wealthy investors, or provide them as donations to countries that Damascus seeks to establish bilateral relations with."
According to the expert, the reality of the work of traditional crafts after 2011 became more complex and difficult with "the continued adoption of economic and social policies by the regime that restrict the owners of these crafts, exclude them from support, take their places of deployment, in addition to the cessation of exhibitions and the difficulty of participating in external events because of the political positions of the regime.
Karim explains that the family and social disintegration suffered by Syrians as a result of large-scale migration during the last decade was an added reason for the decline of these crafts, which “relied on inheritance between generations of the same family as a tradition followed by Syrian craftsmen long ago. ”
Kilo to Piece and Pieces
It seems that some traditional crafts and crafts are in the same trench with traditional crafts in their war against extinction, where the owners of many traditional crafts are no less original than those of heritage, especially the confectioners from the high costs of raw materials in production, high costs of energy stands, and successive losses due to the reluctance of citizens to buy expensive Arabic sweets.
Suhaib, 55, owner of a sweets shop in the Jazmatiya area of Damascus, told Al Jazeera Net: "Days pass without selling a total of a kilo of various items, and two years ago the stagnation of goods in the shop became a familiar phenomenon to us, and had it not been for the holiday seasons, and some occasions and weddings held here and there, we would have closed long ago."
Al-Halwani Al-Damascene adds in an interview with Al-Jazeera Net: "Our profits, and the profits of most of the shops of Halwanis in Damascus, have decreased by a large percentage since the beginning of the economic crisis in the country."
Al-Halwani pointed out that the price of a kilo of some varieties of Arabic sweets has exceeded 400 thousand pounds recently, adding: "Which is not able for Syrians to buy, so we have become selling methods in which we rely on small quantities, so we sell baklava, crystal, shaped, asian, brominated and other items in ounces, grain (piece) and two grains to keep the sales movement, and do not stop customers from our shop."
As for the reasons why sweets in Damascus stopped working and many of them emigrated outside the country, Al-Halwani said: “Many reasons start from the large annual taxes that are inconsistent with high operating costs and low profits, in addition to the high prices of commercial electricity and fuel needed to operate shops and laboratories, the huge increase in the prices of raw materials, the high wages of workers, and the reluctance of customers to buy these sweets except on occasions. ”
High prices
Prices of food, nuts and other components of Arabic sweets have risen by varying rates recently, as the price of a kilo of animal margarine reached 150 thousand pounds ($equivalent to about 2511 pounds), while the price of a kilo of pistachio love rose to 300 thousand, and the price of a kilo of walnuts to 120 thousand.
The prices of popular sweets such as Al-Barazek and Al-Ma ’ amoul in Damascus markets, by the holy month of Ramadan, were between 100 and 130 thousand pounds per kilo, while the prices of medium and luxury sweets such as “Al-Belouria ”,“ Al-Mashkeel ”, “Kool and Shakour ”,“ Aish Al-Bulbul ” and “Baklava ” ranged between 250 and 500 thousand per kilo, which is equivalent to the salary of a Syrian employee in the public sector.
The head of the artisanal association for confectionery industry, Bassam Qalaji, attributed this rise in confectionery prices to the government lifting subsidies on oil derivatives, which led to a direct increase in costs by 150%, pointing out that raising the price of electricity by 5 times will lead to an increase in the price of about 650 products.
Qalaji said in a statement to the local newspaper Al-Watan last month that the largest number of confectionery craftsmen emigrated, and their first destination was Algeria followed by Germany.
In March last year, the head of the artisanal association for the confectionery industry revealed that 70% of the workshops of the confectionery industry were closed due to the economic crisis and the low demand for sweets and refreshments.
A severe blow to the economy
This gradual disappearance of traditional crafts is a painful blow to the Syrian economy, says economist Younis Karim, “For decades these crafts have been the largest incubator of Syrian labor, and their contribution to the economy before 2011 ranged from 40 to 50%. ”
This is what Matanios Habib, a researcher and former Syrian oil minister, said in a research paper entitled “The private sector in Syria ” (2005), when he pointed out that the private industrial sector in Syria tended to invest in crafts for fear of nationalization policies, whether during the era of Syrian-Egyptian unity (1958-1961) or after the revolution of March 8 (1967).
Karim stresses that the crisis of workers in traditional crafts, such as confectioners and others, dates back to before 2011, specifically to the period between 2007 and 2009, when there was “an attempt by the regime to pressure the owners of traditional crafts and crafts by forcing them to pay taxes, and to keep them away from city centers in favor of large investors. ”
Younis Karim believes that the gradual demise of these crafts will have negative effects on the Syrian economy because of their role in "providing job opportunities beyond those provided by large laboratories and their excellence in ease of operation and achievement, and the ability to spread.
Source: The Island

The war and related insecurity severely affected traditional glassblowing, causing closures and disruption of workshops.

After liberation of some areas, individual artisans restored small facilities and restarted production of hand-blown glass.

Across Syria many traditional crafts have experienced sharp declines in production, workshop closures, migration of craftsmen and a real threat of disappearance.

The provided context does not give accurate or specific figures for the current number of craftsmen practicing traditional glassblowing in Syria.

UNESCO inscribed Syria's traditional glassblowing on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding in December 2023.

The context indicates that the rationale for urgent safeguarding includes the craft's great age and the threats posed by war, economic hardship, workshop closures and migration that endanger its continuity.

Syrian cultural bodies and national committees emphasize raising awareness, developing capacity-building programs and preparing files to include heritage elements on UNESCO registers.

Title:

Content: The news tape.
UNESCO National Committee discusses raising awareness of the importance of tangible and intangible heritage
Damascus-Sana
Discussing the activities of the National Committee for Education, Culture and Science, and the need to promote awareness of the importance of tangible and intangible heritage in Syria through schools and external participation, were the most prominent points that the members of the Committee focused on during their meeting today at the Ministry of Education building.
The members of the committee, which includes representatives from relevant ministries and national bodies, stressed the need to develop capacity building programs in the field of tangible and intangible heritage and prepare time-consuming files to include heritage elements on UNESCO regulations, in addition to organizing tours and trips for school students to the Geological Museum in Damascus and cultural museums in all governorates.
The Minister of Education and Chairman of the Committee, Dr. Mohammed Amer Al-Mardini, pointed to the role of the Committee in coordinating between institutions and UNESCO to enable the implementation of projects and plans according to needs, pointing to the importance of working to benefit from expertise and employ them, and cooperation to determine priorities.
During the meeting, the Director General of the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO), Dr. Mohamed Ould Amer, referred in a video speech to Syria ’ s role in supporting joint Arab action in the organization and its efforts to present projects that contribute to enhancing this work by hosting a number of conferences and events in various fields and supporting the organization ’ s programs.
Dr. Ould Amer pointed out the importance of pushing the efforts of the organization in the field of promoting the Arabic language in support of its cultural, educational and scientific mission, noting the impact of Syrian educational and cultural experiences and leaders in the reference visions and the preparation of major plans and programs for them.
For his part, the Secretary of the National Committee for UNESCO, Dr. Nidal Hassan, gave a presentation on the implementation of the plan last year, comparing it with the plan of the current year and the activities and events that were participated in.
Rehab Ali
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Focus on tangible heritage and its revitalization at UNESCO National Committee meeting
Damascus, SANA – The need to focus on the material heritage and its revival as the human cultural heritage existing in Syria, and to contribute

International exhibitions and museum cooperation have been used to display Syrian artifacts and to strengthen cultural identity and continuity during and after the crisis.

Title:

Content: Syria participates in the Ninth Nishan Forum of World Civilizations in China
Syria participates in the Museums Sub-Forum within the Ninth Nishan Forum of World Civilizations, which is entitled “Museums …
A bridge between the past, present and future ”, in Kufu, Shandong Province, China.
During the forum, the curator of the National Museum in Damascus, Dr. Rima Khawam, presented a lecture entitled “The National Museum in Damascus..
The importance of international exhibitions, during which she reviewed the history of Syria and its geographical location, which is located at the crossroads between the African continent and the European continent.
Khawam explained that Syria is one of the countries in the world that includes a large number of archaeological sites, numbering more than 5,000 sites, including 2,865 registered and documented sites, including six sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Khawam stressed that the treasures of Syrian civilizations are preserved in more than 40 museums across the country, and are considered valuable and rare, and include many elements of traditional Syrian culture and overlapping accumulations of cultures that have spread throughout the country.
Khawam referred to the terrorist war in Syria that has made the Syrian World Heritage a target of deliberate destruction, while initiatives are being established to restore and preserve Syrian antiquities.
She stressed that the preservation of cultural heritage is not only important to strengthen the Syrian identity, but also helps to consolidate cultural continuity in the development of humanity, in addition to the fact that this cultural heritage belongs to future generations, pointing to the history of the establishment of the National Museum in Damascus, which dates back more than 105 years.
She explained that after 2011, the National Museum in Damascus was closed and turned into a large store of antiquities, where the work in the museum during times of crisis revolved around the rescue, protection, preservation and restoration of Syrian museums.
“In 2018, after security stabilized in the country, the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums worked to open a single section in the National Museum, the Classical Section, to reconnect with the local community, ” Khawam said.
On the importance of international exhibitions, Khawam explained that the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums in 2020 worked in cooperation with a number of cultural institutions in the field of international exhibitions to hold international exhibitions, including temporary exhibitions at the National Museum of Oman between 2020-2022, and an exhibition at the National Museum of Prague in 2022. ".
She added that the agreement and cooperation to hold six exhibitions in six museums belonging to different Chinese provinces, the first of which was in the Nashan Museum, entitled “Surprising Syria ” since 2021 and for two years, during which 195 artifacts representing the most important models that bear witness to the achievements of human societies that lived in Syria for thousands of years since prehistoric times that date back to more than one million years until the 19th century.
Khawam pointed out that the number of visitors to the amazing exhibition of Syria in the Chinese provinces has reached nearly one million visitors, and its visit is still available in the Guagdong Museum, which is part of the Guagdong province and will continue until October 20, indicating that the cooperation between Syria and China to display Syrian antiquities was recently extended for two new years.
Khawam pointed out that the cultural project, which came in cooperation with the Chinese Antiquities and Arts Fair and the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums, is successful for many reasons that go beyond cultural exchange. It enhances the cultural identity of the Syrian archaeological heritage in danger since the beginning of the war. “We are looking forward to strengthening the connection and connection with the past in which cultural exchange was established for a long time between our two countries via the Silk Road. ”
Khawam pointed out that the authenticity of Syrian artifacts participating in international exhibitions is a fundamental value in an era in which artificial intelligence is rapidly developing around the world, which will seem a rare opportunity for visitors in the coming years, stressing that preserving the beauty of our ancestors ’ knowledge and highlighting it as a heritage of humanity and protecting it for future generations is one of the main roles of museums and its extensions through cultural exchange of international exhibitions.
Khawam concluded her speech by stressing the importance of enhancing the image of museums at the international level, and their role in spreading culture with the participation of different communities, to provide diverse experiences in education, enjoyment, reflection, knowledge exchange and interaction with the relics of ancient civilizations as a source of learning and education about historical, scientific and cultural facts that have occurred throughout history.
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Summary: Syrian traditional glassblowing is an ancient artisanal craft, recently inscribed by UNESCO in December 2023 as needing urgent safeguarding because it is centuries-old and threatened by war and economic pressures; the provided context contains no precise current numbers of practicing glassblowers.


Global demand for avocados has risen strongly in recent years.

United States per capita avocado consumption rose 406% between 1990 and 2017.

Mexico is projected to account for about 63% of global avocado exports by 2030 and its production is expected to grow about 5.2% per year over the next decade.

Avocado has become a lucrative export in some African countries, giving Kenyan farmers more stable income than coffee and becoming described as 'green gold'.

Growing avocados uses large amounts of water; one study reported about 1,000 liters per kilogram of avocado.

Another report estimated an average of 320 liters of water per avocado.

High water use has contributed to aquifer depletion and local water shortages in major production areas such as Michoacán, Mexico.

Avocado expansion in Michoacán has been linked to deforestation, soil erosion, and chemical contamination of water sources.

Rising demand and export logistics add to greenhouse gas emissions, with estimates ranging from about 0.85 kg CO2 for two avocados to 5.4 kg CO2 per kilogram in different reports.

The industry in some regions has been linked to criminal control, violence, land grabbing, displacement of indigenous communities, and labor abuses.

Studies predict climate change will alter where avocados can be grown, with global suitable area declines of roughly 14–41% by 2050.

Projections for Mexico vary, with one report estimating a 31% decline and another warning up to a 59% loss of suitable land, while a separate study suggested Mexico might see a large increase in suitable land.

Researchers warn that expanding cultivation into newly suitable areas could drive further deforestation and biodiversity loss unless local stakeholders are involved and protections are applied.

Some chefs and restaurants have reduced or replaced avocado on menus because of environmental concerns and rising prices.

Global demand for avocados has risen strongly in recent years.

Title:

Content: "Superfood" avocado has become one of the most popular fruits in the world due to its dense taste and wide use, but environmental awareness has risen in recent years, and due to the need for water and high carbon footprint during cultivation, some restaurants around the world have resisted avocado, replacing the ingredients used in dishes with other fruits and vegetables.
According to the Guardian and The Hill, growing avocados requires a lot of water. According to DanWatch, an independent Danish investigative media, it takes an average of 320 litres of water to grow one avocados.
In addition, thanks to the popularity of avocados around the world, the international transportation of avocados after harvest has further boosted the carbon footprint, which is estimated by Carbon Footprint Ltd to be nearly 850 grams for two avocados commonly found on supermarket shelves.
The main production area of avocado is in Central and South America, but because it is popular with North American and European consumers, the avocado has to be transported across continents when it grows.
Because the journey is too long, farmers often pick the avocado before it is ripe, and it is necessary to use temperature-controlled containers to transport the avocado, all of which push up the avocado ’ s carbon footprint.
In addition, the price of avocado has been soaring in recent years, according to Business Insider, by 2019, the Hass avocado produced in California has risen to $2.1 (about NT $58).
In recent years, the price of avocado has risen, and the cost of its cultivation and transportation has been inextricably linked, and California's casepear production has been severely affected by drought and wildfires in recent years.
Growing and distributing avocados also requires a lot of labor, and the avocados need to be transported to the ripening center first after picking them first, and then to the sales sites after adding ethylene.
Thomasina Miers, founder of the British Mexican restaurant chain, pointed out that today's strong demand for avocado around the world has caused the price of avocado to soar to the point that indigenous people in the region cannot afford it.
Realizing the environmental impact of avocados, restaurants around the world are beginning to resist them. Myers says his restaurant has replaced the cornflake sauce “avocados ” with beans, green peppers, lime, parsley, etc.
Canadian Mexican chef Aldo Camarena also introduced dipping sauces made with pumpkin seeds and tomatoes, while Irish restaurant owner JP McMahon removed the avocado from the menu, calling it “Mexico ’ s blood diamond. ”
Chefs declare war on a trendy fruit because of its enormous carbon footprint
Source: Why avocados are so expensive
End of the avocado: why chefs are ditching the unsustainable fruit
# Avocado # Superfood # Chef # Boycott # Planting

Title:

Content: Avocado black 4 methods | Simple 1 beckoning 2 days still green?
Netizens prefer black to reject this method
Author: Yin Jiawei
Published: Updated:
When the avocado is cut open, it is easy to be oxidized and blackened in the air. To resist the oxidation of the avocado, prepare a plate of water just like the handling of eggplant, potato and lotus root.
Avocado Nutrition
Avocado is rich in fat, smooth in taste, rich in nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber and potassium, which help maintain intestinal and cardiovascular health, and help prevent and improve high blood pressure, which has many health benefits.
Senior dietitian Pan Huide pointed out that an average size avocado has about 320 kcal of calories, 29 grams of total fat (about 2 tablespoons of oil), of which 20 grams are unsaturated fatty acids, which means "good fat", but it does not mean that you can eat a lot.
If you follow a low-fat diet, each person will eat two tablespoons of oil per day, and half of avocado will be close to 1 tablespoon of oil.
If you want to slim down by avocado, if you eat one avocado a day, the rest of the diet will almost have zero oil.
A regular size avocado has about 320 kcal of calories, and half an avocado has about 1 tbsp of oil. (Gil Ndjouwou / Unsplash)
Avocado Antioxidant Method
Eat half an avocado, the other half exposed to air, very susceptible to oxidation and blackening, avocado cells contain polyphenol oxidase (Polyphenol oxidase), when in contact with oxygen in the air, there is an oxidation reaction, and then like rust, form a tea-brown pigment. There are several ways to prevent avocado blackening, including putting avocados and onions together. Store in a sealed food box. After three days, it is greener than the onion that is not placed with the onion.
As Quercetin in onions has an antioxidant effect, it can slow down the blackening of avocado meat.
Half of the avocado leaves with onion (left) and no onion (right). (Photo)
According to the British Post, more than a million netizens have recently followed and shared on social media a clever way to prevent avocados from blackening - water immersion, but avocados may have known about this method long ago, only recently it has been hot on foreign websites.
However, I do not know if people who have tried this method will still want to eat that side of avocado.
Click here to learn 4 ways to prevent or slow down the blackening of your avocado:
+ 7
Some netizens left a message, and found that the avocado was soaked in water for more than 24 hours, and the texture began to become moist and sticky, and it had lost the original flavor of eating avocado.
It is better to have a little brown, at least to enjoy the original avocado, once immersed in water, it is not like avocado.
Some netizens leave a message, soak the avocado for more than 24 hours, and qualitatively start to get a little brown, and enjoy the original avocado. (screenshot of whole30 IG)
In recent years, in the wake of the healthy eating trend, in addition to the rising demand for personal avocado, it has also become a common ingredient in many restaurants.
According to the Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030 released by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Mexico ’ s share of global avocado exports is expected to reach 63% by 2030, and its production is expected to grow at a rate of 5.2% per year over the next decade.
In the United States alone, the per capita consumption of avocados has risen by 406% between 1990 and 2017, and there is also a huge demand for avocados in China and Europe.
Avocado has become a lucrative export commodity due to high demand, providing Kenyan farmers with a better and more stable income than growing coffee beans. Avocado has become the “green gold ” of many African countries.
[Recommended reading] avocado assessment weight loss to reduce blood pressure 9 benefits of heart disease 7 people should not eclipse 1 knee pain 5%?
Explore the 9 benefits of eating avocados:
+ 19
Reference: British Post
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How has avocado consumption changed in recent years?

How have avocado prices changed in recent years?

How has avocado consumption changed in recent years?

How have avocado prices changed in recent years?

United States per capita avocado consumption rose 406% between 1990 and 2017.

How has avocado consumption changed in recent years?

Mexico is projected to account for about 63% of global avocado exports by 2030 and its production is expected to grow about 5.2% per year over the next decade.

What are the countries and regions that produce and export avocados?

What are the positive effects of the global demand for avocados on the countries and regions that produce and export them?

Avocado has become a lucrative export in some African countries, giving Kenyan farmers more stable income than coffee and becoming described as 'green gold'.

What are the positive effects of the global demand for avocados on the countries and regions that produce and export them?

Growing avocados uses large amounts of water; one study reported about 1,000 liters per kilogram of avocado.

Title:

Content: Avocado: Between Environmental Impacts and Global Market Controllers
In the Mexican state of Michoacán, which produces about 80% of the world ’ s avocado, avocado cultivation has depleted local water supplies and caused severe environmental damage, with studies showing that avocado cultivation has led to deforestation, soil erosion and chemical contamination of water sources.
(Getty)
In recent years, the avocado industry has become a staple in many diets around the world, and its popularity has increased greatly due to the multiple health benefits.
However, the demand for this fruit has led to harmful environmental effects and the emergence of a mafia that controls the production and distribution of avocados in some countries.
A Chilean study published recently said that avocado cultivation has caused severe water shortages, as well as in Peru, where large farmers have dominated the avocado market since the 1990s, where cultivation requires huge amounts of water, the production of one kilogram of avocado, consumes about 1,000 liters of water, much more than other crops such as tomatoes or oranges.
According to a report by the Water Footprint Network, the production of one kilogram of tomatoes requires about 300 liters of water, and the high water use of avocado production has led to water scarcity and depletion of aquifers in some areas.
In the Mexican state of Michoacán, which produces about 80% of the world ’ s avocado, avocado cultivation has depleted local water supplies and caused severe environmental damage, with studies showing that avocado cultivation has led to deforestation, soil erosion and chemical contamination of water sources.
According to the report, moving avocados from the production site to the market also has a significant impact on the climate, as avocados are grown mainly in developing countries, and are exported to developed countries such as the United States, Europe and Japan, and the transport of avocados over long distances contributes to greenhouse gas emissions harmful to the environment. Approximately 5.4 kg of carbon dioxide emissions per kg of avocado.
Avocado production has also led to the emergence of a mafia that controls the production and distribution of avocados in some countries, where the avocado mafia operates mainly in Mexico, where it controls the production and export of avocados, and this mafia, according to media reports, consists of criminal organizations that use violence and intimidation to control the production and distribution of avocados, and often extort money from farmers. The avocado mafia uses violence to eliminate competitors and dominate the export market, as studies have shown that these gangs are responsible for deforestation, land grabbing and violence against indigenous communities in Mexico.
According to dozens of studies published in recent years, avocado cultivation also has negative effects on local communities. In some areas, demand for avocados has led to land grabbing, community displacement, labor exploitation, and avocado cultivation in the Mexican state of Michoacán has led to the displacement of indigenous communities and the exploitation of often paid migrant workers. Some studies have shown that the expansion of avocado cultivation has displaced traditional crops, leading to food insecurity and loss of biodiversity.
According to the study, governments around the world can take various measures to mitigate the impact of this agriculture on the climate, and one way is to promote sustainable avocado farming practices that reduce water use and reduce the use of chemicals. Protect the environment, provide financial incentives to farmers and enact laws that will deter illegal and criminal practices in these countries.

What negative impact has the increased global demand for avocados had on the environment?

Another report estimated an average of 320 liters of water per avocado.

High water use has contributed to aquifer depletion and local water shortages in major production areas such as Michoacán, Mexico.

What negative impact has the increased global demand for avocados had on the environment?

Avocado expansion in Michoacán has been linked to deforestation, soil erosion, and chemical contamination of water sources.

What negative impact has the increased global demand for avocados had on the environment?

Rising demand and export logistics add to greenhouse gas emissions, with estimates ranging from about 0.85 kg CO2 for two avocados to 5.4 kg CO2 per kilogram in different reports.

The industry in some regions has been linked to criminal control, violence, land grabbing, displacement of indigenous communities, and labor abuses.

What illegal activities have surfaced in avocado trade in recent years?

What negative impact has the increased global demand for avocados had on the social structure and the economy of the countries that produce them?

increased criminal activity
displacement of local communities
land grabbing
labor exploitation

What strategies can make global avocado trade more ethical?

Studies predict climate change will alter where avocados can be grown, with global suitable area declines of roughly 14–41% by 2050.

Title:

Content: By 2050, avocados will begin to disappear on Earth: prices for the rest will soar to the skies
Researchers have found that the amount of one of the most popular fruits on the planet could be significantly reduced by the middle of the century.
Related video
Bad news for millennials and other avocado toast aficionados: the world-famous fruit is in jeopardy.
Scientists believe that by the middle of the century in the best regions of the world, the growth of the avocado harvest can be reduced by an incredible 41%, writes the Daily Mail.
Avocado is a superproduct, but is also known for its environmental impact due to the need for plenty of water during growth.
As a result, the cultivation of the fruit was threatened in the climate crisis due to climate change, which hit our planet.
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Scientists predict that by 2050, the amount of the crop could be reduced by more than 40% due to the vulnerability of the fruit in a hotter, drier and more prone to drought world.
This is stated in a new report by the London-based charity Christian Aid.
According to Mariana Paoli, head of global advocacy at Christian Aid, avocado may be a superfood, but its kryptonite is climate change.
This fruit is one of the most popular and useful in the world, but it is not suitable for a hot and drought-prone climate.
Alas, this climate is exactly where we are heading in the climate crisis.
Note that avocado is nutritious, contains useful fats, vitamins and minerals necessary for human health.
The fruit also contains a large amount of fiber and vitamins, and therefore is often considered as the main source of nutrition.
Moreover, today scientists are actively studying avocados for potential activity against diseases, including cancer.
However, scientists recognize that if humanity fails to stop or slow down climate change, the planet will experience periods of prolonged heat.
In this case, it will be difficult for the trees to grow and tie the fruits.
As a result, the world will lose almost half of today ’ s avocado crop.
In addition, some of the world ’ s most productive avocado regions will shrink simply because the land will become too arid.
The study also says that avocados are not the only product that will suffer as a result of climate change.
The authors of the report also argue that products such as coffee and cashews will be in a vulnerable position.
According to the report, by the middle of the century, the area suitable for growing avocados will be reduced by 14-41% worldwide.
At the same time, a key region in the world in Mexico could lose 59% of the land suitable for growing avocados, even if the global average temperature remains below 2 ° C compared to pre-industrial levels.
Previously, Focus wrote that the superfood of tomorrow can be a very poisonous plant.

Projections for Mexico vary, with one report estimating a 31% decline and another warning up to a 59% loss of suitable land, while a separate study suggested Mexico might see a large increase in suitable land.

Title:

Content: Lifestyle
Study: Climate change threatens avocados
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• 2 / 2
Thank you for reading about the study: Climate change threatens avocados and now we start with the details
Activists have called for more support for avocado farmers, with a study released by the international charity Christian Aid (Christian Aid) revealing that climate change is having a “terrible impact ” on fruit.
The highly useful and popular fruit, which is high in fiber and healthy fats, requires a lot of water to grow, making it particularly vulnerable in a hotter, drier world.
A study by FAO showed that the best farming regions in countries such as Burundi, Chile, Peru, Spain, South Africa and Mexico are experiencing declines in productivity due to more volatile conditions.
The study, published yesterday, showed that these regions are expected to decline by between 14% and 41% by 2050, depending on how quickly emissions are reduced in the world.
Mexico, the world ’ s largest producer of avocado, could see a 31% decline in cultivated areas by 2050.
Christian Aid called on governments to commit to urgently reducing emissions, accelerating the energy transition and committing to more climate aid for developing countries.
The charity also called for more financial support to vulnerable farming communities that rely on avocado cultivation for a living, so they can invest in mitigation measures.
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Title:

Content: Is China suitable for coffee?
How Warming Affects Growing and Supply of Popular Crops
Matt McGrath (Matt McGrath)
• BBC environment correspondent
Have you ever thought that many of the agricultural products consumed on the market today may come from completely different regions in the near future?
Warming climate will change the regions of the world that are suitable for growing coffee, cashew nuts and avocados (also known as avocados).
This is the conclusion of a recent study.
What important information can consumers and growers learn from this research?
Coffee growing
Coffee is one of the most important crops in the world, not only because it is sought after by hundreds of millions of consumers around the world as a daily staple drink, but also because coffee cultivation is the livelihood of millions of small-scale farmers.
On the other hand, due to changes in tastes and perceptions among consumers in wealthier countries, the demand for avocado and cashew nuts in rich countries has also increased significantly in recent decades.
But a reality that must be faced is that by 2050, Brazil, Indonesia, and Vietnam, the world ’ s most important coffee growing regions, will “drastically reduce ” by about 50%.
However, the areas suitable for cashew and avocado cultivation will increase, but most will be far removed from current production sites.
The authors of the report, published in the Public Science Library, an international non-profit information-sharing organization, call for greater efforts to help farmers adapt to the changing conditions of production brought about by climate change.
Fascinating food
While there has been well-documented research in recent years on the threat of climate change to coffee growing, there is little information on how climate change will affect avocados and cashews.
In this study, the authors looked at how rising temperatures and changing precipitation rates will affect these three crops over the next 30 years.
The researchers also included information on land and soil features for the first time.
Coffee is the most vulnerable crop to high temperatures.
According to the report, in those countries where small fruit coffee is mainly grown (also known as Arabica, Arabica), the adaptability of the conditions under which this crop is grown will change “dramatically ” by about 50% by 2050.
Some major production areas will be more severely affected.
Considering the minimum temperature limit for coffee growing, the best coffee growing areas in Brazil will be reduced by 76%.
In Colombia, coffee plantations will also be reduced by 63%.
However, some areas in the northern and southern ends of the world ’ s coffee growing regions will now become more suitable for growing coffee, including Argentina, South Africa, China and New Zealand.
But the authors of the study say this does not mean that new regions will easily replace existing ones.
Roman Grüter of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences is one of the authors of the study.
“The most critical message for those who are in major production areas today is that farming systems have to adapt to changing natural conditions, ” he said.
“If coffee cultivation has already started in those new areas that are more suitable for growing coffee, it may be easier to produce, or it may be possible to expand the production operation, just by adjusting the management. ”
But that ’ s not to say that these areas will become unique coffee growing areas in 10 years or so. ”
In addition, the cultivation of cashew nuts will also change.
Overall, there will be a 17% increase in the number of regions in the world that are very suitable for growing cashew nuts.
However, the regions that have increased are also not those that currently rely on cashew nuts as a major cash crop.
For example, India will lose a large number of areas suitable for cashew cultivation, while Benin, the main cashew producer in Africa, is predicted to lose half of those areas suitable for cultivation.
Avocado cultivation will also become complicated, especially for the largest producers.
Mexico, now the world ’ s largest producer of avocados, will see a significant increase in the amount of land suitable for cultivation by more than 80%.
However, another major growing country, Peru, has predicted it could lose about half of its suitable growing areas.
While rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns may make some areas more suitable for cultivation, the authors are concerned that these crops, once planted in new areas, will have a significant environmental impact on those areas: more deforestation and erosion of more native species.
“In areas that may become more suitable for growing these crops, the most important thing is to ensure that there are no negative environmental impacts such as deforestation. ”
In his view, to avoid this situation, the stakeholders involved in the local planting industry and the local community must be involved in the process of responding to the change, "must be involved in all aspects."
While climate change may be bad news for current crop growers, there are some positive steps producers can take to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Dr. Joaquin Guillermo Ramirez Gil of National University of Colombia, who did not participate in the study, said, “Utilizing the genetic variability of avocados may help in some areas where avocados are currently grown. ”
According to him, avocados have three different “races ” with different geographical origins, which makes avocados quite“ malleable ” and able to adapt to different climatic conditions.
"Local adaptation and new management methods, such as the use of biostimulants and nanotechnology-based products, can serve as a basis for reducing stress caused by extreme weather conditions," he said.

Researchers warn that expanding cultivation into newly suitable areas could drive further deforestation and biodiversity loss unless local stakeholders are involved and protections are applied.

What negative impact has the increased global demand for avocados had on the environment?

What strategies can make global avocado trade more ethical?

Some chefs and restaurants have reduced or replaced avocado on menus because of environmental concerns and rising prices.

How have avocado prices changed in recent years?