Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence

Arachnophobia

Arachnophobia

Alcoholism

Alcoholism

Cognitive science

Cognitive science

Consciousness

Consciousness

Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology

Chimpanzee

Chimpanzee

Darwin's Dangerous Idea

Darwin's Dangerous Idea

Evolutionary linguistics

Evolutionary linguistics

Ethology

Ethology

Evolutionarily stable strategy

Evolutionarily stable strategy

Evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology

Human evolution

Human evolution

Flynn effect

Flynn effect

Human sexual activity

Human sexual activity

Language

Language

Language acquisition

Language acquisition

Mental event

Mental event

Meme

Meme

Mind

Mind

Memetics

Memetics

Natural selection

Natural selection

Nervous system

Nervous system

Population

Population

Primate

Primate

Biological anthropology

Biological anthropology

Process philosophy

Process philosophy

Punctuated equilibrium

Punctuated equilibrium

Pet

Pet

Shamanism

Shamanism

Sexology

Sexology

Social psychology

Social psychology

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Sociobiology

Sociobiology

Truth

Truth

Problem of other minds

Problem of other minds

Theory

Theory

Asperger syndrome

Asperger syndrome

Nature versus nurture

Nature versus nurture

Socialization

Socialization

Neo-Darwinism

Neo-Darwinism

Gender role

Gender role

Morality

Morality

Free will

Free will

Determinism

Determinism

Biological determinism

Biological determinism

Cognitive neuroscience

Cognitive neuroscience

Biology and sexual orientation

Biology and sexual orientation

Aggression

Aggression

Method acting

Method acting

Kin selection

Kin selection

Environmental determinism

Environmental determinism

Adolescence

Adolescence

Modern synthesis (20th century)

Modern synthesis (20th century)

Westermarck effect

Westermarck effect

Substance abuse

Substance abuse

Consciousness Explained

Consciousness Explained

Primatology

Primatology

Evolutionary economics

Evolutionary economics

Naïve physics

Naïve physics

Great ape personhood

Great ape personhood

Behavioral economics

Behavioral economics

Narcissistic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder

Lamarckism

Lamarckism

Fitness (biology)

Fitness (biology)

Coevolution

Coevolution

Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism

Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

Social constructionism

Social constructionism

Sexual attraction

Sexual attraction

Teaching

Teaching

Population genetics

Population genetics

Person

Person

Index of psychology articles

Index of psychology articles

Baleen whale

Baleen whale

Sexual desire

Sexual desire

Alcohol abuse

Alcohol abuse

Motor skill

Motor skill

Mafia (party game)

Mafia (party game)

The Language Instinct

The Language Instinct

Facial expression

Facial expression

Altered state of consciousness

Altered state of consciousness

Connectionism

Connectionism

Drongo

Drongo

Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology

Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder

Tom

Tom

Society of Mind

Society of Mind

Societal impacts of cars

Societal impacts of cars

Empathy

Empathy

Divine illumination

Divine illumination

Cognitivism (psychology)

Cognitivism (psychology)

Computer-mediated communication

Computer-mediated communication

Sexual fantasy

Sexual fantasy

Cetacean intelligence

Cetacean intelligence

Long-term effects of alcohol

Long-term effects of alcohol

Context awareness

Context awareness

Eliminative materialism

Eliminative materialism

Imaginary friend

Imaginary friend

Folk psychology

Folk psychology

Bird vocalization

Bird vocalization

G factor (psychometrics)

G factor (psychometrics)

Evolution (Baxter novel)

Evolution (Baxter novel)

Common raven

Common raven

Coolidge effect

Coolidge effect

Moral reasoning

Moral reasoning

Eastern gray squirrel

Eastern gray squirrel

Indeterminism

Indeterminism

Evolutionary biology

Evolutionary biology

Index of philosophy articles (R–Z)

Index of philosophy articles (R–Z)

Animal cognition

Animal cognition

Group selection

Group selection

Modularity of mind

Modularity of mind

Animal language

Animal language

Social cognition

Social cognition

Fight-or-flight response

Fight-or-flight response

Object permanence

Object permanence

Self-concept

Self-concept

Split-brain

Split-brain

Psychology of religion

Psychology of religion

Attribution bias

Attribution bias

Egocentric bias

Egocentric bias

Brodmann area 44

Brodmann area 44

Human behavior

Human behavior

Behavioral modernity

Behavioral modernity

Behavioral neuroscience

Behavioral neuroscience

Evolutionary anthropology

Evolutionary anthropology

Origin of language

Origin of language

Existence of God

Existence of God

Cynthia Breazeal

Cynthia Breazeal

Alexithymia

Alexithymia

Schizotypy

Schizotypy

Robert Wright (journalist)

Robert Wright (journalist)

Frontotemporal dementia

Frontotemporal dementia

Human

Human

Concealed ovulation

Concealed ovulation

Sympathy

Sympathy

Wason selection task

Wason selection task

Great ape language

Great ape language

Social skills

Social skills

Ophidiophobia

Ophidiophobia

Attachment theory

Attachment theory

Object relations theory

Object relations theory

Outline of childhood

Outline of childhood

Dog intelligence

Dog intelligence

Conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorders

Simon Baron-Cohen

Simon Baron-Cohen

Baldwin effect

Baldwin effect

Physical attractiveness

Physical attractiveness

Paternal bond

Paternal bond

Maternal bond

Maternal bond

Index finger

Index finger

Unit of selection

Unit of selection

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis

Evolutionary medicine

Evolutionary medicine

Mirror neuron

Mirror neuron

Capuchin monkey

Capuchin monkey

Exaptation

Exaptation

Hidden curriculum

Hidden curriculum

Cognitive development

Cognitive development

Sex differences in psychology

Sex differences in psychology

Cognitive archaeology

Cognitive archaeology

Weltschmerz

Weltschmerz

The Blank Slate

The Blank Slate

Egocentrism

Egocentrism

Cultural determinism

Cultural determinism

Folk taxonomy

Folk taxonomy

Metacognition

Metacognition

Evolutionary neuroscience

Evolutionary neuroscience

Sociocultural evolution

Sociocultural evolution

Chantek

Chantek

Adaptationism

Adaptationism

Biological psychiatry

Biological psychiatry

Gene-centered view of evolution

Gene-centered view of evolution

Intentional stance

Intentional stance

Angular gyrus

Angular gyrus

Make believe

Make believe

Parent–offspring conflict

Parent–offspring conflict

Parental investment

Parental investment

Cognitive test

Cognitive test

Mental body

Mental body

Intersubjectivity

Intersubjectivity

Evolutionary epistemology

Evolutionary epistemology

Gregory Cochran

Gregory Cochran

Sex differences in crime

Sex differences in crime

Altruism (biology)

Altruism (biology)

Pack hunter

Pack hunter

Induction puzzles

Induction puzzles

Home sign

Home sign

Mind-blindness

Mind-blindness

Genetic predisposition

Genetic predisposition

Sally–Anne test

Sally–Anne test

Bicameral mentality

Bicameral mentality

Neoevolutionism

Neoevolutionism

Cognitive revolution

Cognitive revolution

Psychological adaptation

Psychological adaptation

Unilineal evolution

Unilineal evolution

Multilineal evolution

Multilineal evolution

Ghost in the machine

Ghost in the machine

Folk biology

Folk biology

Sexual jealousy

Sexual jealousy

Human–animal communication

Human–animal communication

Evolution of human intelligence

Evolution of human intelligence

Relational aggression

Relational aggression

Evolutionary ethics

Evolutionary ethics

Standard social science model

Standard social science model

Affective neuroscience

Affective neuroscience

Motor control

Motor control

Stephen Stich

Stephen Stich

Timeline of psychology

Timeline of psychology

Cognitive ergonomics

Cognitive ergonomics

Bird intelligence

Bird intelligence

Mobile phones and driving safety

Mobile phones and driving safety

Cognitive specialization

Cognitive specialization

Cognitive effects of bilingualism

Cognitive effects of bilingualism

Cinderella effect

Cinderella effect

Affect (psychology)

Affect (psychology)

John H. Flavell

John H. Flavell

Executive functions

Executive functions

Psychological nativism

Psychological nativism

Human bonding

Human bonding

Human male sexuality

Human male sexuality

Dual inheritance theory

Dual inheritance theory

List of evolutionary psychologists

List of evolutionary psychologists

Computational theory of mind

Computational theory of mind

Pair bond

Pair bond

Evolutionary developmental psychology

Evolutionary developmental psychology

Rank theory of depression

Rank theory of depression

Meaning (non-linguistic)

Meaning (non-linguistic)

The Real

The Real

Cultural selection theory

Cultural selection theory

Ernest Hilgard

Ernest Hilgard

Evolutionary musicology

Evolutionary musicology

Dog

Dog

Biology of romantic love

Biology of romantic love

Brainstorms

Brainstorms

Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences

Neuroergonomics

Neuroergonomics

Chris Frith

Chris Frith

Forest kindergarten

Forest kindergarten

Social isolation

Social isolation

Trivers–Willard hypothesis

Trivers–Willard hypothesis

Personality development

Personality development

Emotion in animals

Emotion in animals

Energy (psychological)

Energy (psychological)

Social intelligence

Social intelligence

Affectional bond

Affectional bond

Evolutionary educational psychology

Evolutionary educational psychology

Cheating (biology)

Cheating (biology)

Bilingual–bicultural education

Bilingual–bicultural education

Evolution of the eye

Evolution of the eye

Empathising–systemising theory

Empathising–systemising theory

Attachment in children

Attachment in children

Attachment in adults

Attachment in adults

Causes of gender incongruence

Causes of gender incongruence

NEPSY

NEPSY

Dual process theory

Dual process theory

Names for the human species

Names for the human species

Weak central coherence theory

Weak central coherence theory

Philosophy of mind

Philosophy of mind

Blakey Vermeule

Blakey Vermeule

Darwinian literary studies

Darwinian literary studies

Domain specificity

Domain specificity

Spandrel (biology)

Spandrel (biology)

Engineering psychology

Engineering psychology

Uta Frith

Uta Frith

Cultural universal

Cultural universal

Mate choice

Mate choice

On Human Nature

On Human Nature

Gloria Origgi

Gloria Origgi

Jean Decety

Jean Decety

Boundaries of the Mind

Boundaries of the Mind

Theory-theory

Theory-theory

Sexy son hypothesis

Sexy son hypothesis

Social perception

Social perception

The Division of Labour in Society

The Division of Labour in Society

Affective events theory

Affective events theory

Evolutionary mismatch

Evolutionary mismatch

Biocultural anthropology

Biocultural anthropology

Simulation theory of empathy

Simulation theory of empathy

Mentalization

Mentalization

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Human multitasking

Human multitasking

Group C nerve fiber

Group C nerve fiber

Henry Harpending

Henry Harpending

Societal and cultural aspects of autism

Societal and cultural aspects of autism

Agent detection

Agent detection

Criticism of evolutionary psychology

Criticism of evolutionary psychology

Personal fable

Personal fable

Dual diagnosis

Dual diagnosis

Fisher's principle

Fisher's principle

Autism: Explaining the Enigma

Autism: Explaining the Enigma

Tatiana

Tatiana

Criticism of Facebook

Criticism of Facebook

Animal consciousness

Animal consciousness

Evolutionary approaches to depression

Evolutionary approaches to depression

Eastern chimpanzee

Eastern chimpanzee

Affect display

Affect display

Accident-proneness

Accident-proneness

Functional psychology

Functional psychology

David P. Barash

David P. Barash

Alan M. Leslie

Alan M. Leslie

The Stuff of Thought

The Stuff of Thought

Steven Mithen

Steven Mithen

Evolution of morality

Evolution of morality

Maternal deprivation

Maternal deprivation

Knowledge and Decisions

Knowledge and Decisions

Social aspects of television

Social aspects of television

Cognitive science of religion

Cognitive science of religion

Temporoparietal junction

Temporoparietal junction

Variability hypothesis

Variability hypothesis

Evolutionary psychology of religion

Evolutionary psychology of religion

Human sexuality

Human sexuality

School bullying

School bullying

Harold E. Jones Child Study Center

Harold E. Jones Child Study Center

Evolution of color vision in primates

Evolution of color vision in primates

What Is Intelligence?

What Is Intelligence?

Joint attention

Joint attention

Display rules

Display rules

Domain-general learning

Domain-general learning

Evolution of the brain

Evolution of the brain

Annette Karmiloff-Smith

Annette Karmiloff-Smith

Ajit Varki

Ajit Varki

Shaun Nichols

Shaun Nichols

Reading

Reading

Sexual selection in humans

Sexual selection in humans

Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism

Evolutionary origin of religion

Evolutionary origin of religion

Environment and sexual orientation

Environment and sexual orientation

Motor cognition

Motor cognition

Age disparity in sexual relationships

Age disparity in sexual relationships

Media naturalness theory

Media naturalness theory

Sense of agency

Sense of agency

Default mode network

Default mode network

Biological motion

Biological motion

Hominidae

Hominidae

Human female sexuality

Human female sexuality

Primate cognition

Primate cognition

Male intrasexual competition

Male intrasexual competition

Vittorio Gallese

Vittorio Gallese

Motor imagery

Motor imagery

Collective intelligence

Collective intelligence

Alison Gopnik

Alison Gopnik

Veneer theory

Veneer theory

Visual perception

Visual perception

Executive dysfunction

Executive dysfunction

Turing test

Turing test

History of evolutionary thought

History of evolutionary thought

Hamiltonian spite

Hamiltonian spite

Self model

Self model

Spotlight effect

Spotlight effect

Species

Species

No Two Alike

No Two Alike

Cooperative eye hypothesis

Cooperative eye hypothesis

Evolution of emotion

Evolution of emotion

Activity theory (aging)

Activity theory (aging)

Amanda Woodward

Amanda Woodward

Superior temporal sulcus

Superior temporal sulcus

Human–computer interaction

Human–computer interaction

Texting while driving

Texting while driving

Empathic accuracy

Empathic accuracy

A Natural History of Rape

A Natural History of Rape

Gender differences in suicide

Gender differences in suicide

Behavioural genetics

Behavioural genetics

Bayesian cognitive science

Bayesian cognitive science

Fish intelligence

Fish intelligence

An Essay on the History of Civil Society

Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development

Persecutory delusion

Persecutory delusion

Mental time travel

Mental time travel

David McNeill

David McNeill

Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa

Biosocial criminology

Biosocial criminology

Sexual division of labour

Sexual division of labour

Psychological effects of Internet use

Psychological effects of Internet use

Hans Markowitsch

Hans Markowitsch

Autism

Autism

Distracted driving

Distracted driving

Prognosis of schizophrenia

Prognosis of schizophrenia

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

History of evolutionary psychology

History of evolutionary psychology

Rebecca Saxe

Rebecca Saxe

Theoretical foundations of evolutionary psychology

Novel ecosystem

Novel ecosystem

Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying

Friedrich Beck

Friedrich Beck

Childhood amnesia

Childhood amnesia

Moral development

Moral development

Imprinted brain hypothesis

Imprinted brain hypothesis

Evolution of nervous systems

Evolution of nervous systems

The Better Angels of Our Nature

The Better Angels of Our Nature

Robert J. Hoffmeister

Robert J. Hoffmeister

Fear of falling

Fear of falling

Evolutionary aesthetics

Evolutionary aesthetics

Social cue

Social cue

Social-emotional agnosia

Social-emotional agnosia

Supervisory attentional system

Supervisory attentional system

Missing heritability problem

Missing heritability problem

Hologenome theory of evolution

Hologenome theory of evolution

Naïve realism (psychology)

Naïve realism (psychology)

Eyewitness memory (child testimony)

Eyewitness memory (child testimony)

Curse of knowledge

Curse of knowledge

Social emotions

Social emotions

Mating preferences

Mating preferences

Sexual arousal

Sexual arousal

Cultural group selection

Cultural group selection

Effects of hormones on sexual motivation

Origin of speech

Origin of speech

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

Neuroscience of sleep

Neuroscience of sleep

Screen time

Screen time

Autism-friendly

Autism-friendly

Behavioral epigenetics

Behavioral epigenetics

Evolution of schizophrenia

Evolution of schizophrenia

Emil Wolfgang Menzel Jr.

Emil Wolfgang Menzel Jr.

Toshisada Nishida

Toshisada Nishida

Moral foundations theory

Moral foundations theory

Neuroscience of sex differences

Neuroscience of sex differences

Sex differences in schizophrenia

Sex differences in schizophrenia

Role-taking theory

Role-taking theory

Space mapping

Space mapping

Cognitive inhibition

Cognitive inhibition

Before the Dawn (Wade book)

Before the Dawn (Wade book)

Automatic and controlled processes

Automatic and controlled processes

Evolutionary psychology of language

Evolutionary psychology of language

Interaction theory

Interaction theory

Empathy quotient

Empathy quotient

Deep social mind

Deep social mind

Social determinism

Social determinism

Language acquisition by deaf children

Language acquisition by deaf children

Human mating strategies

Human mating strategies

Sex differences in memory

Sex differences in memory

Children's use of information

Children's use of information

Dual consciousness

Dual consciousness

Evolutionary psychiatry

Evolutionary psychiatry

Sex differences in intelligence

Sex differences in intelligence

Marianne Simmel

Marianne Simmel

Hanabi (card game)

Hanabi (card game)

Perspective-taking

Perspective-taking

Metarepresentation

Metarepresentation

Intention

Intention

Outline of the human brain

Outline of the human brain

Sexual concordance

Sexual concordance

History of autism

History of autism

Large-scale brain network

Large-scale brain network

Sex and gender differences in autism

Sex and gender differences in autism

Mind model

Mind model

Smartphones and pedestrian safety

Smartphones and pedestrian safety

Sex differences in emotional intelligence

Sex differences in cognition

Sex differences in cognition

Female intrasexual competition

Female intrasexual competition

Theory of mind in animals

Theory of mind in animals

Cognitive ecology of religion

Cognitive ecology of religion

Evolutionary psychology and culture

Evolutionary psychology and culture

Cultural evolution

Cultural evolution

Tatyana Chernigovskaya

Tatyana Chernigovskaya

Inclusive fitness in humans

Inclusive fitness in humans

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

Sex differences in narcissism

Sex differences in narcissism

Interindividual differences in perception

Social selection

Social selection

Mate guarding in humans

Mate guarding in humans

Lead–crime hypothesis

Lead–crime hypothesis

From Bacteria to Bach and Back

From Bacteria to Bach and Back

Reciprocal altruism in humans

Reciprocal altruism in humans

Recent human evolution

Recent human evolution

The Genius of Birds

The Genius of Birds

Nonverbal autism

Nonverbal autism

Stephanie M. Carlson

Stephanie M. Carlson

Caetextia

Caetextia

Ovulatory shift hypothesis

Ovulatory shift hypothesis

Michael Cole (psychologist)

Michael Cole (psychologist)

Destination memory

Destination memory

Evolution of cognition

Evolution of cognition

Social emotional development

Social emotional development

Agency (psychology)

Agency (psychology)

Social cognitive neuroscience

Social cognitive neuroscience

Digital media use and mental health

Digital media use and mental health

Mechanism of autism

Mechanism of autism

Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis

Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis

Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology

Neuroarchaeology

Neuroarchaeology

Eye contact effect

Eye contact effect

Machiavellianism (psychology)

Machiavellianism (psychology)

Donald Stuss

Donald Stuss

The Evolution of Desire

The Evolution of Desire

Jill de Villiers

Jill de Villiers

Interpersonal accuracy

Interpersonal accuracy

Patricia H. Miller

Patricia H. Miller

Dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation

Deaf plus

Deaf plus

Henry Wellman

Henry Wellman

Allomothering in humans

Allomothering in humans

Fiery Cushman

Fiery Cushman

Double empathy problem

Double empathy problem

Neural synchrony

Neural synchrony

David M. Greenberg

David M. Greenberg

Mirror symbol hypothesis

Mirror symbol hypothesis

Pathophysiology of autism

Pathophysiology of autism

Self-other control

Self-other control

Ralph Savarese

Ralph Savarese

Agnes Melinda Kovacs

Agnes Melinda Kovacs

Introduction

In psychology, theory of mind refers to the capacity to understand other people by ascribing mental states to them. A theory of mind includes the knowledge that others' beliefs, desires, intentions, emotions, and thoughts may be different from one's own. Possessing a functional theory of mind is crucial for success in everyday human social interactions. People utilize a theory of mind when analyzing, judging, and inferring others' behaviors. The discovery and development of theory of mind primarily came from studies done with animals and infants. Factors including drug and alcohol consumption, language development, cognitive delays, age, and culture can affect a person's capacity to display theory of mind. Having a theory of mind is similar to but not identical with having the capacity for empathy or sympathy.

It has been proposed that deficits in theory of mind can occur in people with autism, anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, dysphoria, cocaine addiction, and brain damage caused by alcohol's neurotoxicity. There is no current consensus on a theory of mind deficit in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have been carried out and most of them even show the opposite (5/6). It would appear that people with ADHD do not have a theory of mind deficit like autistic people, but that they share other problems with empathy and emotional processing. Neuroimaging shows that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the precuneus, and the amygdala are associated with theory of mind tasks. Patients with frontal lobe or temporoparietal junction lesions find some theory of mind tasks difficult. One's theory of mind develops in childhood as the prefrontal cortex develops. It has been argued that children in a culture of collectivism develop knowledge access earlier and understand diverse beliefs later than Western children in a culture of individualism.

psychology

mental states

beliefs

desires

intentions

emotions

thoughts

social interactions

analyzing

judging

inferring

empathy

sympathy

autism

anorexia nervosa

schizophrenia

dysphoria

cocaine addiction

brain damage

alcohol's neurotoxicity

medial prefrontal cortex

superior temporal sulcus

precuneus

amygdala

frontal lobe

temporoparietal junction

prefrontal cortex

collectivism

individualism


American television personality and medium

Participants in American reality television series

Nassau County, New York

Nassau County, New York

Hicksville, New York

Hicksville, New York

Howie Dorough

Howie Dorough

Spirit guide

Spirit guide

Pigasus Award

Pigasus Award

Liacouras Center

Liacouras Center

Mediumship

Mediumship

List of recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches by cast member

Nick Swardson

Nick Swardson

Kenny Kingston

Kenny Kingston

Caputo

Caputo

Kate McKinnon

Kate McKinnon

Mark Edward

Mark Edward

Long Island Medium

Long Island Medium

List of Live with Kelly episodes

List of Live with Kelly episodes

List of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon episodes (2012)

Live with Kelly and Michael season 25

Live with Kelly and Michael season 25

Meridian Centre

Meridian Centre

The Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11

The Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11

RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars season 2

RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars season 2

Late Night Joy

Late Night Joy

List of Lip Sync Battle episodes

List of Lip Sync Battle episodes

Laila McQueen

Laila McQueen

List of channelers

List of channelers

Hicksville High School (New York)

Hicksville High School (New York)

Snatch Game

Snatch Game

Disappearance of Pamela Holopainen

Disappearance of Pamela Holopainen

John Mateer (musician)

John Mateer (musician)

The Kelly Clarkson Show season 1

The Kelly Clarkson Show season 1

The Kelly Clarkson Show season 2

The Kelly Clarkson Show season 2

The Masked Singer (American TV series) season 9

List of Live with Kelly and Michael episodes

List of Live with Kelly and Ryan episodes

The Kelly Clarkson Show season 5

The Kelly Clarkson Show season 5

Criticism

Several people have raised doubts about her powers, including Inside Edition and Jezebel. D. J. Grothe called on Caputo to prove her abilities, and James Randi said her claims were not true.

In April 2012, the James Randi Educational Foundation awarded Caputo its Pigasus Award, a tongue-in-cheek award that seeks to expose parapsychological, paranormal or psychic frauds. The James Randi Education Foundation has been critical of Caputo's work.

A newspaper review of Caputo's performances at the NYCB Theatre at Westbury in late 2017 concluded, "For me, this unbelievable experience was simply that: not to be believed. In my humble opinion, Caputo is a damn good performer, and she's got undeniably likable sass and charisma. I just don't think she speaks with the dead. Or she didn't the night that I saw her. But my father probably could have told you that."

Paranormal investigator Massimo Polidoro calls Caputo a "performer" and reports on an investigation done by Inside Edition and mentalist Mark Edward who attended one of her live shows in 2012. In 2013, illusionist Criss Angel offered Caputo $1 million to prove her claims.

Jezebel

parapsychological

paranormal

psychic


Making a perfunctory or symbolic effort towards including minority groups

Clown

Clown

Hero

Hero

MTV

MTV

Redshirt (stock character)

Redshirt (stock character)

Kes (Star Trek)

Kes (Star Trek)

Sexism

Sexism

Wuxia

Wuxia

Harlequin

Harlequin

Zanni

Zanni

Columbina

Columbina

Innamorati

Innamorati

Noble savage

Noble savage

Superhero

Superhero

Evil clown

Evil clown

Affirmative action

Affirmative action

Town drunk

Town drunk

Pierrot

Pierrot

Archetype

Archetype

The Empire Strikes Back

The Empire Strikes Back

Fast-food restaurant

Fast-food restaurant

Mad scientist

Mad scientist

Northstar (character)

Northstar (character)

Monster

Monster

Beverly Hills, 90210

Beverly Hills, 90210

Stock character

Stock character

Supervillain

Supervillain

Valley girl

Valley girl

Catgirl

Catgirl

Black knight

Black knight

Antihero

Antihero

Ghostbusters

Ghostbusters

Chuck Clayton

Chuck Clayton

Girly girl

Girly girl

Mentorship

Mentorship

Mountain man

Mountain man

Butch and femme

Butch and femme

Kyle Broflovski

Kyle Broflovski

Villain

Villain

Token

Token

Gentleman thief

Gentleman thief

Double agent

Double agent

Femme fatale

Femme fatale

Scaramouche

Scaramouche

Damsel in distress

Damsel in distress

Tragic hero

Tragic hero

Parliamentary opposition

Parliamentary opposition

Swashbuckler

Swashbuckler

Avengers (comics)

Avengers (comics)

Chris Moyles

Chris Moyles

New Zealand First

New Zealand First

Imaginary friend

Imaginary friend

Gibson Girl

Gibson Girl

Hikaru Sulu

Hikaru Sulu

Helpless (play)

Helpless (play)

QI

QI

Good cop, bad cop

Good cop, bad cop

Magical girlfriend

Magical girlfriend

Minority group

Minority group

Pachuco

Pachuco

Guerrilla Girls

Guerrilla Girls

Rake (stock character)

Rake (stock character)

Byronic hero

Byronic hero

Mari Boine

Mari Boine

Space marine

Space marine

Wise old man

Wise old man

Crone

Crone

Magical Negro

Magical Negro

Gunfighter

Gunfighter

Hooker with a heart of gold

Hooker with a heart of gold

Knight-errant

Knight-errant

Public participation (decision making)

Public participation (decision making)

Will Shortz

Will Shortz

Pop icon

Pop icon

Action hero

Action hero

Bishōjo

Bishōjo

Caveman

Caveman

Miser

Miser

Princess and dragon

Princess and dragon

Fairy godmother

Fairy godmother

Absent-minded professor

Absent-minded professor

Evil twin

Evil twin

Pansy Wong

Pansy Wong

Prince Charming

Prince Charming

Underdog

Underdog

Mammy stereotype

Mammy stereotype

Girl next door

Girl next door

Olivia Olson

Olivia Olson

The College Dropout

The College Dropout

Persecution of Jews

Persecution of Jews

Adolescent clique

Adolescent clique

Bug-eyed monster

Bug-eyed monster

List of presidential appointees to the Council of State (Ireland)

Ingénue

Ingénue

Little green men

Little green men

BBC controversies

BBC controversies

Not Another Teen Movie

Not Another Teen Movie

LGBT themes in video games

LGBT themes in video games

Space pirate

Space pirate

Archenemy

Archenemy

Black Economic Empowerment

Black Economic Empowerment

Otis Blue/Otis Redding Sings Soul

Otis Blue/Otis Redding Sings Soul

Die Hippie, Die

Die Hippie, Die

White privilege

White privilege

Youth voice

Youth voice

Final girl

Final girl

Elderly martial arts master

Elderly martial arts master

Southern belle

Southern belle

Igor (character)

Igor (character)

Superfluous man

Superfluous man

Nexstar Media Group

Nexstar Media Group

Rosabeth Moss Kanter

Rosabeth Moss Kanter

Steve Park (comedian)

Steve Park (comedian)

Super soldier

Super soldier

Shoulder angel

Shoulder angel

Deon Richmond

Deon Richmond

Eve Russell

Eve Russell

Jock (stereotype)

Jock (stereotype)

Employment discrimination

Employment discrimination

UK Youth Parliament

UK Youth Parliament

Conservatism in North America

Conservatism in North America

Tsundere

Tsundere

Youth participation

Youth participation

The Spook Who Sat by the Door (film)

The Spook Who Sat by the Door (film)

Folk hero

Folk hero

The Man (Wallace novel)

The Man (Wallace novel)

A Planet for the President

A Planet for the President

List of Drawn Together characters

List of Drawn Together characters

Springfield race riot of 1908

Springfield race riot of 1908

Nina Harris

Nina Harris

Ivan the Fool

Ivan the Fool

Christ figure

Christ figure

Lists of LGBT figures in fiction and myth

Reluctant hero

Reluctant hero

Bring It On: All or Nothing

Bring It On: All or Nothing

Women in Canadian politics

Women in Canadian politics

Loathly lady

Loathly lady

Welcome to Country

Welcome to Country

Everyman

Everyman

Lovelock (novel)

Lovelock (novel)

Princesse lointaine

Princesse lointaine

Josie McFarlane

Josie McFarlane

Alazon

Alazon

Tricky slave

Tricky slave

Youngest son

Youngest son

James Devlin (Oz)

James Devlin (Oz)

False hero

False hero

Donyale Luna

Donyale Luna

Hawksian woman

Hawksian woman

Ethnic stereotypes in comics

Ethnic stereotypes in comics

Neanderthals in popular culture

Neanderthals in popular culture

Stephen Colbert (character)

Stephen Colbert (character)

White knight

White knight

List of View Askewniverse characters

List of View Askewniverse characters

List of swamp monsters

List of swamp monsters

Jungle girl

Jungle girl

List of WKRP in Cincinnati episodes

List of WKRP in Cincinnati episodes

Petrushka

Petrushka

Father complex

Father complex

Nice guy

Nice guy

Masked villain

Masked villain

Skippyjon Jones

Skippyjon Jones

Trope (literature)

Trope (literature)

Abby (TV series)

Abby (TV series)

Color-blind casting

Color-blind casting

Father figure

Father figure

Mythological king

Mythological king

Portrayal of women in American comics

Portrayal of women in American comics

Royal Bank of Scotland

Royal Bank of Scotland

Romantic hero

Romantic hero

Zombie

Zombie

BabaKiueria

BabaKiueria

1978 Davis Cup

1978 Davis Cup

Donor (fairy tale)

Donor (fairy tale)

Code Monkeys

Code Monkeys

His Master's Voice (radio series)

His Master's Voice (radio series)

Zainab Masood

Zainab Masood

Shabnam Masood

Shabnam Masood

List of South Park characters

List of South Park characters

List of Warrior Nun Areala characters

List of Warrior Nun Areala characters

Postcolonial anarchism

Postcolonial anarchism

Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)

Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)

Russell family (Passions)

Russell family (Passions)

Shelley E. Taylor

Shelley E. Taylor

Diversity (business)

Diversity (business)

Tamwar Masood

Tamwar Masood

Masood Ahmed

Masood Ahmed

EMILY's List Australia

EMILY's List Australia

Wacław Kruszka

Wacław Kruszka

List of EastEnders characters (1999)

List of EastEnders characters (1999)

Criticism of Facebook

Criticism of Facebook

Anti-Igbo sentiment

Anti-Igbo sentiment

Charles Boyce

Charles Boyce

Queen bee (sociology)

Queen bee (sociology)

Unseen character

Unseen character

Adolph L. Reed Jr.

Adolph L. Reed Jr.

Hamburger: The Motion Picture

Hamburger: The Motion Picture

Class S (culture)

Class S (culture)

Paladin

Paladin

Aversive racism

Aversive racism

Joan Hooley

Joan Hooley

1962 Buffalo Bills season

1962 Buffalo Bills season

Bad boy archetype

Bad boy archetype

United Women Front

United Women Front

Why We Can't Wait

Why We Can't Wait

Mary Sue

Mary Sue

Stereotype

Stereotype

Feral child

Feral child

Tara Mandal

Tara Mandal

Rabia Kazan

Rabia Kazan

Paul Collins (Brookside)

Paul Collins (Brookside)

Manic Pixie Dream Girl

Manic Pixie Dream Girl

Dragonslayer

Dragonslayer

Tholie Madala

Tholie Madala

Amateur detective

Amateur detective

Legacy hero

Legacy hero

Trickster

Trickster

Stage Irish

Stage Irish

Hag

Hag

Jack (hero)

Jack (hero)

Seventeen (Japanese magazine)

Seventeen (Japanese magazine)

The Spook Who Sat by the Door (novel)

The Spook Who Sat by the Door (novel)

Lovable rogue

Lovable rogue

Tin-Tin Kyrano

Tin-Tin Kyrano

BuzzFeed

BuzzFeed

Lip Service (TV series)

Lip Service (TV series)

Dark lord

Dark lord

Cat lady

Cat lady

Question Time British National Party controversy

Identified patient

Identified patient

List of stock characters

List of stock characters

Village idiot

Village idiot

Characters of Dragon Age: Origins

Characters of Dragon Age: Origins

Welcome to Thebes

Welcome to Thebes

Annabelle Collins (Brookside)

Annabelle Collins (Brookside)

Outlaw (stock character)

Outlaw (stock character)

List of Magical Negro occurrences in fiction

Native Americans in film

Native Americans in film

Lena Dunham

Lena Dunham

Ambivalent prejudice

Ambivalent prejudice

Blaxploitation horror films

Blaxploitation horror films

North American Indigenous elder

North American Indigenous elder

Teachers Only

Teachers Only

Geek girl

Geek girl

Farmer's daughter

Farmer's daughter

Bechdel test

Bechdel test

Kuudere

Kuudere

Magical girl

Magical girl

The Last of Us

The Last of Us

Girls (TV series)

Girls (TV series)

Lawson Brown High School

Lawson Brown High School

Racism in the LGBT community

Racism in the LGBT community

Straight man

Straight man

Talented 10th

Talented 10th

Feminine beauty ideal

Feminine beauty ideal

Rogue (TV series)

Rogue (TV series)

Women in law enforcement

Women in law enforcement

Tropes vs. Women in Video Games

Tropes vs. Women in Video Games

Fool (stock character)

Fool (stock character)

Mary Kom (film)

Mary Kom (film)

White savior narrative in film

White savior narrative in film

Quotaism

Quotaism

Arron Banks

Arron Banks

Tokenization

Tokenization

Rogue literature

Rogue literature

List of women psychologists

List of women psychologists

Smurfette principle

Smurfette principle

Characters of The Last of Us

Characters of The Last of Us

List of Marvel Comics characters: 0–9

List of Marvel Comics characters: 0–9

Man alone

Man alone

Air pirate

Air pirate

Whitewashing in film

Whitewashing in film

Every Single Word

Every Single Word

List of fictional presidents of the United States (C–D)

Rainbow capitalism

Rainbow capitalism

Solo status

Solo status

History of Bates College

History of Bates College

Race in horror films

Race in horror films

Oppression Olympics

Oppression Olympics

Women in policing in the United States

Women in policing in the United States

Tracer (Overwatch)

Tracer (Overwatch)

Fiona Macpherson

Fiona Macpherson

List of fictional detectives

List of fictional detectives

Allosemitism

Allosemitism

Paul Joseph Watson

Paul Joseph Watson

Pinjra Tod

Pinjra Tod

White savior

White savior

Marcus Holloway

Marcus Holloway

PESTS

PESTS

Crazy Rich Asians (film)

Crazy Rich Asians (film)

Revisionist History (podcast)

Revisionist History (podcast)

The Boys (TV series)

The Boys (TV series)

Women of Rock Oral History Project

Women of Rock Oral History Project

Pine Gap (TV series)

Pine Gap (TV series)

For All Mankind (TV series)

For All Mankind (TV series)

Monster girl

Monster girl

Fenty Beauty

Fenty Beauty

Loosu ponnu

Loosu ponnu

Luce (film)

Luce (film)

Illusion of inclusion

Illusion of inclusion

The L Word: Generation Q

The L Word: Generation Q

The Sandman (TV series)

The Sandman (TV series)

Tokens (web series)

Tokens (web series)

Moxie (film)

Moxie (film)

House of the Dragon

House of the Dragon

HowDoYouSayYaminAfrican?

HowDoYouSayYaminAfrican?

BOL Champions season 1

BOL Champions season 1

Eveline Klett

Eveline Klett

Psychology of climate change denial

Psychology of climate change denial

Sera (Dragon Age)

Sera (Dragon Age)

Krem (Dragon Age)

Krem (Dragon Age)

List of Doctors characters (2018)

List of Doctors characters (2018)

Vixen (stock character)

Vixen (stock character)

Reaction to the verdict in the O. J. Simpson criminal trial

Horror Noire: A History of Black Horror

Horror Noire: A History of Black Horror

Johanson analysis

Johanson analysis

Kyle Chapman (American activist)

Kyle Chapman (American activist)

I'm not racist, I have black friends

I'm not racist, I have black friends

Michelle Salzman

Michelle Salzman

Mariano R. Vázquez

Mariano R. Vázquez

Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence

Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence

Corporate Memphis

Corporate Memphis

The Bachelor and race

The Bachelor and race

Participatory democracy in the European Union

Omari Hardy

Omari Hardy

Interview with the Vampire (TV series)

Interview with the Vampire (TV series)

Chen Yongbin

Chen Yongbin

Call of Duty: Vanguard

Call of Duty: Vanguard

Truck-kun

Truck-kun

The Big Fix (South Park)

The Big Fix (South Park)

Tolkien Black

Tolkien Black

Racism in Muslim communities

Racism in Muslim communities

David King (Dead by Daylight)

David King (Dead by Daylight)

Transphobia in the United States

Transphobia in the United States

Latefa Wiersch

Latefa Wiersch

American mappillai

American mappillai

Ministers' Manifesto

Ministers' Manifesto

List of Coronation Street characters (2023)

Killer toy

Killer toy

South African Everest expedition, 1996

South African Everest expedition, 1996

Yellowface (novel)

Yellowface (novel)

Speed & Angels

Speed & Angels

The Other Black Girl (TV series)

The Other Black Girl (TV series)

Savannah Protest Movement

Savannah Protest Movement

Patient and public involvement

Patient and public involvement

Mole people (fiction)

Mole people (fiction)

Apple Music 100 Best Albums

Apple Music 100 Best Albums

History

The social concept and the employment practice of tokenism became understood in the popular culture of the United States in the late 1950s. In the face of racial segregation, tokenism emerged as a solution that though earnest in effort, only acknowledged an issue without actually solving it. In the book Why We Can't Wait (1964), civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. discussed the subject of tokenism, and how it constitutes a minimal acceptance of black people to the mainstream of U.S. society.

When asked about the gains of the Civil Rights Movement in 1963, human rights activist Malcolm X answered: "Tokenism is hypocrisy. One little student in the University of Mississippi, that's hypocrisy. A handful of students in Little Rock, Arkansas, is hypocrisy. A couple of students going to school in Georgia is hypocrisy. Integration in America is hypocrisy in the rawest form. And the whole world can see it. All this little tokenism that is dangled in front of the Negro and then he's told, 'See what we're doing for you, Tom.' Why the whole world can see that this is nothing but hypocrisy. All you do is make your image worse; you don't make it better." Malcolm X highlights that tokenism is used as a tool by America to improve its image but fails in its attempts. For instance, in 1954, the United States ruled segregation in public school unconstitutional through the Brown v. Board of Education case. Malcolm X references Little Rock, Arkansas, where nine students sought to fight for their rights to attend school. On September 4, 1957, Arkansas National Guard troops were sent around Central High School to prevent the entry of nine African American students into an all-white school, defying federal law. President Eisenhower federalized the Arkansas National Guard and enforced federal troops to uphold the law. While this marked the day that ignited change within Arkansas' school system for African-American children, desegregation did not constitute equality. All nine of the students were brutally bullied by white students and this behaviour was encouraged by the school's administration. Malcolm X's example of Little Rock exemplifies how tokenism can be intended to create the impression of social inclusiveness and diversity without bringing about any significant changes to the inclusion of underrepresented groups.

popular culture

racial segregation

civil rights

black people

human rights

segregation

President Eisenhower


Genre of fiction, subgenre of fantasy

Alchemy

Alchemy

Alternate history

Alternate history

Cthulhu Mythos

Cthulhu Mythos

Conan the Barbarian

Conan the Barbarian

Clive Barker

Clive Barker

Fantasy comedy

Fantasy comedy

Dungeons & Dragons

Dungeons & Dragons

Demon

Demon

Dragon

Dragon

Divination

Divination

Epic poetry

Epic poetry

Filk music

Filk music

Fable

Fable

Fantasy film

Fantasy film

Film genre

Film genre

Grimoire

Grimoire

Gnome

Gnome

Hero

Hero

Horror fiction

Horror fiction

High fantasy

High fantasy

Outline of literature

Outline of literature

Nymph

Nymph

Science fiction

Science fiction

List of science fiction and fantasy artists

Shamanism

Shamanism

Steampunk

Steampunk

The Inklings

The Inklings

The Chronicles of Narnia

The Chronicles of Narnia

Terry Brooks

Terry Brooks

Undead

Undead

Wuxia

Wuxia

Witchcraft

Witchcraft

Gulliver's Travels

Gulliver's Travels

One Thousand and One Nights

One Thousand and One Nights

A Midsummer Night's Dream

A Midsummer Night's Dream

Fairy tale

Fairy tale

River Thames

River Thames

Theurgy

Theurgy

Dwarf (folklore)

Dwarf (folklore)

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Sword and sorcery

Sword and sorcery

Giant

Giant

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

Necromancy

Necromancy

Kaiju

Kaiju

Monster

Monster

Neverwhere

Neverwhere

List of narrative techniques

List of narrative techniques

List of fantasy authors

List of fantasy authors

Watership Down

Watership Down

Vampire literature

Vampire literature

The Sandman (comic book)

The Sandman (comic book)

Taliesin

Taliesin

Chimera (mythology)

Chimera (mythology)

Gormenghast (series)

Gormenghast (series)

Barbarian

Barbarian

Magic realism

Magic realism

Contemporary fantasy

Contemporary fantasy

Speculative fiction

Speculative fiction

Gustav Meyrink

Gustav Meyrink

Hacktivism

Hacktivism

Earthsea

Earthsea

Demonology

Demonology

Fantasy world

Fantasy world

Children's fantasy

Children's fantasy

Quest

Quest

Gandalf Award

Gandalf Award

China Miéville

China Miéville

Thaumaturgy

Thaumaturgy

Weird Tales

Weird Tales

Ghoul

Ghoul

Kobold

Kobold

Lich

Lich

Yōkai

Yōkai

Ogre

Ogre

Internet Speculative Fiction Database

Internet Speculative Fiction Database

Shapeshifting

Shapeshifting

List of mass panic cases

List of mass panic cases

Sword-and-sandal

Sword-and-sandal

Familiar

Familiar

Elemental

Elemental

Skeleton (undead)

Skeleton (undead)

Gremlin

Gremlin

Eugène François Vidocq

Eugène François Vidocq

John M. Ford

John M. Ford

Hobgoblin

Hobgoblin

Romance novel

Romance novel

Boogiepop Phantom

Boogiepop Phantom

Science fantasy

Science fantasy

Damsel in distress

Damsel in distress

Fantasy Masterworks

Fantasy Masterworks

Púca

Púca

Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter

Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter

World Fantasy Award

World Fantasy Award

World Fantasy Convention

World Fantasy Convention

The Master and Margarita

The Master and Margarita

Jackie Chan Adventures

Jackie Chan Adventures

Wand

Wand

Gargoyles (TV series)

Gargoyles (TV series)

Little, Big

Little, Big

London Stone

London Stone

Imp

Imp

Halfling

Halfling

The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction

The Once and Future King

The Once and Future King

Charles de Lint

Charles de Lint

Campaign setting

Campaign setting

Lists of fantasy films

Lists of fantasy films

Wild man

Wild man

Simon R. Green

Simon R. Green

Merman

Merman

Merfolk

Merfolk

Tolkien fandom

Tolkien fandom

Oni

Oni

Robin Hobb

Robin Hobb

Emma Bull

Emma Bull

Fantastique

Fantastique

Splatterpunk

Splatterpunk

Science Fantasy (magazine)

Science Fantasy (magazine)

Weird fiction

Weird fiction

Tokusatsu

Tokusatsu

Evocation

Evocation

Caveman

Caveman

Mythopoeic Awards

Mythopoeic Awards

LGBT themes in speculative fiction

LGBT themes in speculative fiction

Philip Purser-Hallard

Philip Purser-Hallard

List of wikis

List of wikis

Historical fantasy

Historical fantasy

Locus Award

Locus Award

Tad Williams

Tad Williams

Incantation

Incantation

Runes

Runes

Astral plane

Astral plane

Unknown (magazine)

Unknown (magazine)

Southern Gothic

Southern Gothic

Laura Fraser

Laura Fraser

Fables (comics)

Fables (comics)

Harry Potter fandom

Harry Potter fandom

Magic in Dungeons & Dragons

Magic in Dungeons & Dragons

National Fantasy Fan Federation

National Fantasy Fan Federation

Romantic fantasy

Romantic fantasy

Bangsian fantasy

Bangsian fantasy

CONvergence

CONvergence

John Birmingham

John Birmingham

Fantasy literature

Fantasy literature

Fairy godmother

Fairy godmother

Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien

Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien

Mythopoeic Society

Mythopoeic Society

Fantasy trope

Fantasy trope

P. N. Elrod

P. N. Elrod

Ghost story

Ghost story

Planetary romance

Planetary romance

Katherine Kurtz

Katherine Kurtz

Low fantasy

Low fantasy

King Rat (Miéville novel)

King Rat (Miéville novel)

Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles

Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles

Dark fantasy

Dark fantasy

Ellen Kushner

Ellen Kushner

Southern Ontario Gothic

Southern Ontario Gothic

Fantastic (magazine)

Fantastic (magazine)

Sherrilyn Kenyon

Sherrilyn Kenyon

War for the Oaks

War for the Oaks

Supernatural fiction

Supernatural fiction

List of fantasy worlds

List of fantasy worlds

Moon magic

Moon magic

Fantasy of manners

Fantasy of manners

Afrofuturism

Afrofuturism

Uchronia

Uchronia

Koudelka

Koudelka

I Shall Wear Midnight

I Shall Wear Midnight

Pamela Dean

Pamela Dean

Night Watch (2004 film)

Night Watch (2004 film)

Magic sword

Magic sword

Farseer trilogy

Farseer trilogy

The Encyclopedia of Fantasy

The Encyclopedia of Fantasy

So Weird

So Weird

Terri Windling

Terri Windling

Bogus (film)

Bogus (film)

Brandon Sanderson

Brandon Sanderson

The Book of the New Sun

The Book of the New Sun

Werecat

Werecat

Patricia Briggs

Patricia Briggs

New weird

New weird

List of major Creative Commons licensed works

Magic item

Magic item

Locus (magazine)

Locus (magazine)

Paranormal romance

Paranormal romance

Elves in fiction

Elves in fiction

Harry Potter

Harry Potter

History of fantasy

History of fantasy

Fairytale fantasy

Fairytale fantasy

Fanspeak

Fanspeak

Ent

Ent

The Crow: Stairway to Heaven

The Crow: Stairway to Heaven

Grant Bowler

Grant Bowler

Ironside (Black novel)

Ironside (Black novel)

Subterranean fiction

Subterranean fiction

Lovecraftian horror

Lovecraftian horror

British Fantasy Award

British Fantasy Award

Our Lady of Darkness

Our Lady of Darkness

Magic Street

Magic Street

Fantasy magazine

Fantasy magazine

John Maddox Roberts

John Maddox Roberts

Fantastic art

Fantastic art

Ysabel

Ysabel

Cast a Deadly Spell

Cast a Deadly Spell

Lost world

Lost world

Ballantine Adult Fantasy series

Ballantine Adult Fantasy series

Weird West

Weird West

Occult detective fiction

Occult detective fiction

Deliria

Deliria

Magic systems in games

Magic systems in games

Kit Berry

Kit Berry

Nightbane

Nightbane

Agaliarept

Agaliarept

List of fantasy anime

List of fantasy anime

The Secret World

The Secret World

Bellamy Bach

Bellamy Bach

Newcastle Forgotten Fantasy Library

Newcastle Forgotten Fantasy Library

Dark Romanticism

Dark Romanticism

List of female detective characters

List of female detective characters

Magic ring

Magic ring

Kieron Gillen

Kieron Gillen

List of tabletop role-playing games

List of tabletop role-playing games

Masque of the Red Death (Ravenloft)

Masque of the Red Death (Ravenloft)

Nevada (comics)

Nevada (comics)

International Fantasy Award

International Fantasy Award

Yasmine Galenorn

Yasmine Galenorn

The Dresden Files (TV series)

The Dresden Files (TV series)

Valiant (novel)

Valiant (novel)

David Ayer

David Ayer

Greg van Eekhout

Greg van Eekhout

A Dirty Job

A Dirty Job

Laura Anne Gilman

Laura Anne Gilman

Fantasy comics

Fantasy comics

Abbot Kinney

Abbot Kinney

Kim Harrison

Kim Harrison

Thieves' guild

Thieves' guild

Charlaine Harris

Charlaine Harris

Mythic fiction

Mythic fiction

List of fantasy novels (A–H)

List of fantasy novels (A–H)

Argonautica

Argonautica

Modern fantasy

Modern fantasy

Matt Pizzolo

Matt Pizzolo

Fantasy television

Fantasy television

List of fantasy television programs

List of fantasy television programs

Sylvia Day

Sylvia Day

Gil's All Fright Diner

Gil's All Fright Diner

Hard fantasy

Hard fantasy

Wizard of the Pigeons

Wizard of the Pigeons

Japan Fantasy Novel Award

Japan Fantasy Novel Award

List of science fiction and fantasy detectives

Inverness cape

Inverness cape

Cats Laughing

Cats Laughing

Aix Cathedral

Aix Cathedral

The World Ends with You

The World Ends with You

Mark Finn

Mark Finn

Lisa Tuttle

Lisa Tuttle

Peter Pan

Peter Pan

Magician (fantasy)

Magician (fantasy)

Borderland (book series)

Borderland (book series)

Sergei Lukyanenko bibliography

Sergei Lukyanenko bibliography

Weird menace

Weird menace

List of fantasy story collections

List of fantasy story collections

List of Exalted publications

List of Exalted publications

Fantastic Adventures

Fantastic Adventures

Runic magic

Runic magic

Enchanted forest

Enchanted forest

List of succubi in fiction

List of succubi in fiction

Tech noir

Tech noir

Jenny Gallifrey Joel Trout

Jenny Gallifrey Joel Trout

Suburban Gothic

Suburban Gothic

The Wiz (film)

The Wiz (film)

Lori Foster

Lori Foster

Gail Z. Martin

Gail Z. Martin

Eileen Wilks

Eileen Wilks

World of the Lupi

World of the Lupi

Blood Lines (Wilks novel)

Blood Lines (Wilks novel)

Mortal Danger

Mortal Danger

Tempting Danger

Tempting Danger

Only Human (short story)

Only Human (short story)

Night Season

Night Season

Joseph Nassise

Joseph Nassise

Carrie Vaughn

Carrie Vaughn

Works based on Faust

Works based on Faust

Tam Lin (novel)

Tam Lin (novel)

Neverwhere (novel)

Neverwhere (novel)

Devil May Cry

Devil May Cry

Lisa Mason (writer)

Lisa Mason (writer)

Early history of fantasy

Early history of fantasy

Moonheart

Moonheart

Grave Peril (The Dresden Files)

Grave Peril (The Dresden Files)

Yarrow (novel)

Yarrow (novel)

List of magical weapons

List of magical weapons

Donor (fairy tale)

Donor (fairy tale)

Tekkonkinkreet

Tekkonkinkreet

Dušan Fabian

Dušan Fabian

Dream world (plot device)

Dream world (plot device)

The Wood Beyond the World

The Wood Beyond the World

Rob Thurman

Rob Thurman

Cassandra Clare

Cassandra Clare

Cancellation (broadcasting)

Cancellation (broadcasting)

Crawford Award

Crawford Award

Paranormal fiction

Paranormal fiction

Finder (novel)

Finder (novel)

Kat Richardson

Kat Richardson

Jenna Black

Jenna Black

The Dresden Files Roleplaying Game

The Dresden Files Roleplaying Game

Hollows (series)

Hollows (series)

The Gypsy (novel)

The Gypsy (novel)

Keri Arthur

Keri Arthur

Superhero fiction

Superhero fiction

Lilith Saintcrow

Lilith Saintcrow

A. Lee Martinez

A. Lee Martinez

Clockwork Storybook

Clockwork Storybook

Dana Cameron

Dana Cameron

Ekaterina Sedia

Ekaterina Sedia

Jack, the Giant Killer (novel)

Jack, the Giant Killer (novel)

Brown Girl in the Ring (novel)

Brown Girl in the Ring (novel)

Russian science fiction and fantasy

Russian science fiction and fantasy

Jeanne C. Stein

Jeanne C. Stein

Fireborn

Fireborn

Frostbite (Mead novel)

Frostbite (Mead novel)

Ilona Andrews

Ilona Andrews

Love magic

Love magic

Tasmanian Gothic

Tasmanian Gothic

Wicked Lovely

Wicked Lovely

Vampire Academy

Vampire Academy

Jackie Kessler

Jackie Kessler

Sentient weapon

Sentient weapon

The Onion Girl

The Onion Girl

Gray magic

Gray magic

Jennifer Rardin

Jennifer Rardin

Jaz Parks series

Jaz Parks series

City of Bones (Clare novel)

City of Bones (Clare novel)

Cincinnati

Cincinnati

List of LGBT-themed speculative fiction

List of LGBT-themed speculative fiction

Ink Exchange

Ink Exchange

Death (personification)

Death (personification)

The Infernal Devices

The Infernal Devices

Anton Strout

Anton Strout

Angel

Angel

Stickman Graphics

Stickman Graphics

Stonehaven (comics)

Stonehaven (comics)

Dragonslayer

Dragonslayer

André Vianco

André Vianco

Talking animals in fiction

Talking animals in fiction

List of sword and sorcery films

List of sword and sorcery films

S. D. Tooley

S. D. Tooley

List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films)

Prehistoric fiction

Prehistoric fiction

Jimmy Two-Shoes

Jimmy Two-Shoes

Monster Allergy (TV series)

Monster Allergy (TV series)

Fragile Eternity

Fragile Eternity

Mark Henry (novelist)

Mark Henry (novelist)

City of Ashes

City of Ashes

Magic in fiction

Magic in fiction

City of Glass (Clare novel)

City of Glass (Clare novel)

Lord John Grey (character)

Lord John Grey (character)

Melissa Marr

Melissa Marr

Goblin

Goblin

Persona (series)

Persona (series)

Godkiller

Godkiller

The Mortal Instruments

The Mortal Instruments

Enchanted, Inc.

Enchanted, Inc.

Vicki Pettersson

Vicki Pettersson

Marjorie Liu

Marjorie Liu

Skulduggery Pleasant

Skulduggery Pleasant

List of writing genres

List of writing genres

Mio in the Land of Faraway

Mio in the Land of Faraway

Nebula Award

Nebula Award

Characters in the Hollows series

Characters in the Hollows series

Durarara!!

Durarara!!

Lauren Beukes

Lauren Beukes

Widdershins (novel)

Widdershins (novel)

Fantasy

Fantasy

Fantasy cartography

Fantasy cartography

White magic

White magic

Tähtifantasia Award

Tähtifantasia Award

Urban Magic

Urban Magic

American Gothic fiction

American Gothic fiction

Erin Pringle

Erin Pringle

Vampire Academy (novel)

Vampire Academy (novel)

Mean Streets (anthology)

Mean Streets (anthology)

Dark lord

Dark lord

Seanan McGuire

Seanan McGuire

Stacia Kane

Stacia Kane

Touch the Dark

Touch the Dark

Kraken (novel)

Kraken (novel)

Shadow Kiss

Shadow Kiss

Jeaniene Frost

Jeaniene Frost

Caitlin Kittredge

Caitlin Kittredge

Urban Gothic

Urban Gothic

Strange Brew (book)

Strange Brew (book)

Spirit Bound

Spirit Bound

Women in speculative fiction

Women in speculative fiction

Discworld

Discworld

Need (novel series)

Need (novel series)

Alex Bledsoe

Alex Bledsoe

Cassandra Palmer series

Cassandra Palmer series

Beautiful People (manga)

Beautiful People (manga)

List of genres

List of genres

Radiant Shadows

Radiant Shadows

Larry Correia

Larry Correia

The Alchemy of Stone

The Alchemy of Stone

The Morganville Vampires

The Morganville Vampires

Ghost Story (The Dresden Files)

Ghost Story (The Dresden Files)

Last Sacrifice

Last Sacrifice

Dieselpunk

Dieselpunk

List of literary accounts of the Pied Piper

Devon Monk

Devon Monk

Paranormalcy

Paranormalcy

Ann Aguirre

Ann Aguirre

Gail Carriger

Gail Carriger

List of fantasy novels (I–R)

List of fantasy novels (I–R)

List of fantasy novels (S–Z)

List of fantasy novels (S–Z)

Hugo Award

Hugo Award

Blameless (novel)

Blameless (novel)

Heartless (Carriger novel)

Heartless (Carriger novel)

Twenty Palaces

Twenty Palaces

Nicole D. Peeler

Nicole D. Peeler

Bloodlines (Mead novel)

Bloodlines (Mead novel)

Carolyn Crane

Carolyn Crane

Angelfire (novel series)

Angelfire (novel series)

Méliès d'Or

Méliès d'Or

List of megafauna in mythology and folklore

Amanda Hocking

Amanda Hocking

Dying Earth (genre)

Dying Earth (genre)

The Dresden Files

The Dresden Files

Unearthly

Unearthly

Dead Beautiful

Dead Beautiful

Kelly Gay

Kelly Gay

Charlie Madigan series

Charlie Madigan series

Darkest Mercy

Darkest Mercy

Tokyo ESP

Tokyo ESP

Persona 4: The Animation

Persona 4: The Animation

Timeless (Monir novel)

Timeless (Monir novel)

Dark World (2010 film)

Dark World (2010 film)

Personal Demons (Desrochers novel)

Personal Demons (Desrochers novel)

The Golden Lily (Mead novel)

The Golden Lily (Mead novel)

Julie Kagawa

Julie Kagawa

Bryan J. L. Glass

Bryan J. L. Glass

Magical girl

Magical girl

List of science fiction publishers

List of science fiction publishers

Leigh Dragoon

Leigh Dragoon

Timeless (Carriger novel)

Timeless (Carriger novel)

Kalayna Price

Kalayna Price

Monster of the Week

Monster of the Week

Jaye Wells

Jaye Wells

Switch (British TV series)

Switch (British TV series)

A Good Librarian Like a Good Shepherd

A Good Librarian Like a Good Shepherd

Lish McBride

Lish McBride

The Circle (Elfgren and Strandberg novel)

The Iron Druid Chronicles

The Iron Druid Chronicles

Cheyenne McCray

Cheyenne McCray

Bloodlines (book series)

Bloodlines (book series)

Adam Christopher

Adam Christopher

Diana Rowland

Diana Rowland

Fairy tale parody

Fairy tale parody

The Sea Lady

The Sea Lady

The Dark Artifices

The Dark Artifices

The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones

The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones

Fairest (comics)

Fairest (comics)

Night Huntress

Night Huntress

Fire (Elfgren and Strandberg novel)

Fire (Elfgren and Strandberg novel)

Benedict Jacka

Benedict Jacka

Affliction (novel)

Affliction (novel)

Merry Gentry (series)

Merry Gentry (series)

Witches of East End

Witches of East End

Engelsfors

Engelsfors

The Fiery Heart

The Fiery Heart

Georgina Kincaid

Georgina Kincaid

Juan dela Cruz (TV series)

Juan dela Cruz (TV series)

Féerie

Féerie

Janis and Saint Christopher

Janis and Saint Christopher

Dude, That's My Ghost!

Dude, That's My Ghost!

Untamed City: Carnival of Secrets

Untamed City: Carnival of Secrets

Feminine beauty ideal

Feminine beauty ideal

List of urban fantasy novels

List of urban fantasy novels

Skin Game (The Dresden Files)

Skin Game (The Dresden Files)

David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy

David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy

Outline of fantasy

Outline of fantasy

Max Gladstone

Max Gladstone

Alaya Dawn Johnson

Alaya Dawn Johnson

My Little Juan

My Little Juan

Darkfever

Darkfever

Climate fiction

Climate fiction

Trollhunters: Tales of Arcadia

Trollhunters: Tales of Arcadia

C. Robert Cargill

C. Robert Cargill

Noragami

Noragami

Benjamin Martin (author)

Benjamin Martin (author)

The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones (soundtrack)

Balrog Awards

Balrog Awards

Flight: A Quantum Fiction Novel

Flight: A Quantum Fiction Novel

Gods and demons fiction

Gods and demons fiction

Heart by Heart

Heart by Heart

Lord John series

Lord John series

Jennifer Estep

Jennifer Estep

Powered by the Apocalypse

Powered by the Apocalypse

Kate Locke

Kate Locke

Maurice Broaddus

Maurice Broaddus

Luke Arnold

Luke Arnold

Trinity Seven

Trinity Seven

Kevin Hearne

Kevin Hearne

InCryptid

InCryptid

Blood Blockade Battlefront

Blood Blockade Battlefront

PodCastle

PodCastle

List of fantasy comics

List of fantasy comics

Benjanun Sriduangkaew

Benjanun Sriduangkaew

Welcome to the Wayne

Welcome to the Wayne

Earthsea (universe)

Earthsea (universe)

Down These Strange Streets

Down These Strange Streets

Skyler White (writer)

Skyler White (writer)

Silver Shadows

Silver Shadows

The Dresden Files short fiction

The Dresden Files short fiction

The Pendragon Protocol

The Pendragon Protocol

Mark C. MacKinnon

Mark C. MacKinnon

SCP Foundation

SCP Foundation

Lucifer (TV series)

Lucifer (TV series)

Signal to Noise (Moreno-Garcia novel)

Signal to Noise (Moreno-Garcia novel)

Shadowrun

Shadowrun

Broken Homes

Broken Homes

The Key (Elfgren and Strandberg novel)

The Key (Elfgren and Strandberg novel)

Saturn Awards

Saturn Awards

Human–animal hybrid

Human–animal hybrid

Allison Pang

Allison Pang

Viking (2016 film)

Viking (2016 film)

Afro-Surrealism

Afro-Surrealism

Animism (TV series)

Animism (TV series)

DeepCon

DeepCon

Chuck Wendig

Chuck Wendig

The Mime Order

The Mime Order

Bright (film)

Bright (film)

Fantasy fandom

Fantasy fandom

Melissa F. Olson

Melissa F. Olson

Kristen Painter

Kristen Painter

Randy Henderson

Randy Henderson

Glass Houses (novel)

Glass Houses (novel)

Jennifer Stevenson

Jennifer Stevenson

Thongor

Thongor

Mummy (undead)

Mummy (undead)

Pandie James

Pandie James

Mishell Baker

Mishell Baker

Shadowshaper

Shadowshaper

Lord of Shadows

Lord of Shadows

R.R. Virdi

R.R. Virdi

Krista & Becca Ritchie

Krista & Becca Ritchie

LitRPG

LitRPG

Rivers of London (book series)

Rivers of London (book series)

Blades in the Dark

Blades in the Dark

The Goodbye Family

The Goodbye Family

Dragon Awards

Dragon Awards

Meʼma and the Great Mountain

Meʼma and the Great Mountain

October Daye

October Daye

Wishfart

Wishfart

Hungry Daughters of Starving Mothers

Hungry Daughters of Starving Mothers

Grimdark

Grimdark

Danger (Migos and Marshmello song)

Danger (Migos and Marshmello song)

Carnival Row

Carnival Row

Too Old to Die Young

Too Old to Die Young

Isekai

Isekai

Rhys Ford

Rhys Ford

Nicholas Kaufmann

Nicholas Kaufmann

Midnight Occult Civil Servants

Midnight Occult Civil Servants

Mario Acevedo (author)

Mario Acevedo (author)

Hillary Monahan

Hillary Monahan

Motown Magic

Motown Magic

Max Mallmann

Max Mallmann

Onward (film)

Onward (film)

Elena de' Grimani

Elena de' Grimani

Child of Fire

Child of Fire

Anoop Sasikumar

Anoop Sasikumar

Ferrett Steinmetz

Ferrett Steinmetz

Mort the Dead Teenager

Mort the Dead Teenager

Good Guys (Brust novel)

Good Guys (Brust novel)

Helstrom (TV series)

Helstrom (TV series)

The Vorrh

The Vorrh

The Erstwhile

The Erstwhile

Planetfall (novel)

Planetfall (novel)

List of Japanese speculative fiction writers

Camille Bacon-Smith

Camille Bacon-Smith

Boyfriend Dungeon

Boyfriend Dungeon

An Unkindness of Magicians

An Unkindness of Magicians

Omegaverse

Omegaverse

The City We Became

The City We Became

Wraith: The Oblivion – Afterlife

Wraith: The Oblivion – Afterlife

Peace Talks (The Dresden Files)

Peace Talks (The Dresden Files)

Bayonetta

Bayonetta

Chain of Gold

Chain of Gold

History of LGBT characters in animation: 2020s

The Song Rising

The Song Rising

List of children's animated television series of the 1990s

List of Netflix original films (2015–2017)

Cemetery Boys

Cemetery Boys

Bloodshadows

Bloodshadows

Fantasy podcast

Fantasy podcast

List of fantasy podcasts

List of fantasy podcasts

Africanfuturism

Africanfuturism

M. A. Rothman

M. A. Rothman

The Hum and the Shiver

The Hum and the Shiver

Wisp of a Thing

Wisp of a Thing

Lucifer Morningstar (Lucifer)

Lucifer Morningstar (Lucifer)

Long Black Curl

Long Black Curl

Durarara!! (manga)

Durarara!! (manga)

Chapel of Ease (novel)

Chapel of Ease (novel)

Gather Her Round

Gather Her Round

The Fairies of Sadieville

The Fairies of Sadieville

Bakemonogatari (manga)

Bakemonogatari (manga)

List of highest-grossing fantasy films

List of highest-grossing fantasy films

Ignyte Awards

Ignyte Awards

City of Mist

City of Mist

Blackbirds (Wendig novel)

Blackbirds (Wendig novel)

List of most-watched Netflix original programming

L.A. by Night

L.A. by Night

Yaron Edelstein

Yaron Edelstein

Devil May Cry (TV series)

Devil May Cry (TV series)

Exlibrium

Exlibrium

Craig Alanson

Craig Alanson

Children's Fantasy Literature: An Introduction

Kings of the Wyld

Kings of the Wyld

Lada Luzina

Lada Luzina

Dara Korniy

Dara Korniy

Chris Rock–Will Smith slapping incident

Chris Rock–Will Smith slapping incident

The Craft Sequence

The Craft Sequence

Adam Binder series

Adam Binder series

Zenless Zone Zero

Zenless Zone Zero

The Cottingley Cuckoo

The Cottingley Cuckoo

Fire-breathing monster

Fire-breathing monster

NY by Night

NY by Night

Lovecraft fandom

Lovecraft fandom

Danilov, the Violist

Danilov, the Violist

Mistborn: The Lost Metal

Mistborn: The Lost Metal

The Pale Dreamer

The Pale Dreamer

The Mask Falling

The Mask Falling

City of Lies (novel)

City of Lies (novel)

Hollow Empire

Hollow Empire

Corpselight

Corpselight

Vigil (novel)

Vigil (novel)

Visigoths vs. Mall Goths

Visigoths vs. Mall Goths

Dark Moon: The Blood Altar

Dark Moon: The Blood Altar

Empire V (film)

Empire V (film)

Hungry Ghost Diner

Hungry Ghost Diner

Even Though I Knew the End

Even Though I Knew the End

Natalia Matolinets

Natalia Matolinets

Dusk or Dark or Dawn or Day

Dusk or Dark or Dawn or Day

Worlds Beyond Number

Worlds Beyond Number

Nick Walker (scholar)

Nick Walker (scholar)

Introduction

Urban fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy, placing supernatural elements in an approximation of a contemporary urban setting. The combination provides the writer with a platform for classic fantasy tropes, quixotic plot-elements, and unusual characters—without demanding the creation of an entire imaginary world.

While precursors of urban fantasy are found in popular fiction of the 19th century, and the present use of the term dates back to the 1970s, much of its audience was established in the 1930s-50s, and the success of light supernatural fare in the movies (and later on TV). The genre's current publishing popularity began in 1980s North America, as writers and publishers were encouraged by the success of Stephen King and Anne Rice.

subgenre

fantasy

urban